Welcome to Toffey TV, me and Ned are going to have a chat about pre-season 20. One 20 to Everton have played their first game of the pre-season. It was classed as a practice match, they played Ackrington Stanley at Finch Farm in a 40 minutes each way. Game and Everton ran out 3-0 winners. Raphael Benitez's first game in shards of Everton. Underfeated, clean sheet, 3 goals. Not a bad start. We're not going to go into too much detail about it because we didn't watch the game because nobody could. We've seen the highlights and stuff and obviously read bits and pieces and had certain reports back. Good way to start, always positive to start with a victory. They were a week ahead of Everton, they had been back a week before. 3 days of trading haven't we? It's that first day on the Monday, played on the Saturday. Always good to win your first game isn't it? Get to see the young lads as well. Get to see what the team's about nice and early before they're along their way to the flower of the cup. It starts on the end of July. That's the one isn't it? I think that's the fate it seems like, unless there's a change. That'll be the first time we get to actually watch Everton in precies and unless something changes between now and then. But that's what I think Everton will be building up to won't it? That'll be a deal I've had good 3 weeks saying. By the time he goes to Florida, then obviously they play millionaires and then Arsenal or Inter a few days later show. It'll be a good test for Raphael Penitas. He'll have the whole side back. A bat from maybe one, he'll have the whole side back won't he? I mean, I'm not sure because I know that Dominic Albert Llewman and Jordan Pickford will be given a couple of weeks off now. It's finishing out, they'll have two weeks. Do you think they'll go to Florida? I don't know, it's the answer. If they're off two weeks today is the Florida cup will have started. Without firing to July already? They'll have most of the squad anyway won't they? Hopefully some new players. Listen, we won't have retail as we know that. I imagine yet he may not be able to meet up with them there because he's been away with Columbia as we finished third in the cup of America. I'm not convinced Jordan Pickford and Dominic Albert Llewman will be there but look at the end, I expect they'll be there as well. So the majority of the squad will be back and ready so that's what they're working towards. I mean, we show up images of Raphael Bonitas at the weekend and there's no pad out, there's pen and paper out, getting very involved in it all ready. This is the thing about Bonitas, whether people like him or they don't like him is that he is very thorough and very methodical and he's very hands on. I guess there'll be a little bit of a difference in that style between Anciolotti and him. Obviously Carlham Anciolotti, everyone loved but he's moved on to past his new one and Raphael Bonitas I think will be a different manager to him because he knows what he wants and he's very hands on. Well, he's worked with type of players before like everything I've got now, hadn't he? We said with Carlo before he's more used to the players where he can say it's a cool play. Yes, it's a cool play. Obviously, you never saw a Carlo with a pen and paper did you? He was the only sort of coffee or something. So yeah, it's just nice to see him on a touch. He's brave to be honest, it was warm Saturday to be out there in a full black suit, it's quite brave so I admire him. And a black suit?  It's dark, isn't it? It's dark. A lot has been said about Bonitas and people won't have them and other people will be made. People will be pleased with him and some people will be kind of ambivalent with it all. But it's good to see a manager who's taking an interest in that and who knows that he's got to work really hard. And I think the earlier that Everton get into shape and get into doing some of his ideas, I think the better. And I think the big question with the Bonitas thing is, can he get more out of these players than what Carlo Antialotti could get out of it? And can he get more out of it simply because he creates a more rigid framework than what Antialotti would have done? You'd like to think so because he's worked with, like I said before, he's worked with these type of players before. You could say he's overachieved with the Scots before. He's won trophies with the Scots that were the best at the time. The Liverpool Champions League squad in 2005, was it? It was a good side, it wasn't great, was it? And he did do well with Valencian, he's done well with that. 10th with a championship, Newcastle side didn't he? They come up, didn't sign anyone, I think it's 10th, which is impressing. Tactically he's a good manager, we know he is. You could say that about Carlo last year. Away you could say we were tactically, you know, our A-record, you could say we were perfect. But at home it was the same every week, wasn't it? And you'd like to think the home record this season will be much better. Obviously the fans being in so... Yeah, fingers crossed but a good start. Everton scored in the first half. Alexia will be playing in a number 10 role at the weekend. Stread at a lovely little three ball to Tom Cannon. It's it, keeper made a good shave and he knocked it in at the second attempt. It was nice and lively, it was a good little run. And he's done well to Tom Cannon coming up the 18s into the 23s. Had a couple, a lot of substitutes appeared into this last season for the 23s but ended up with a couple of goals. And he's one who will want to kick on, but for a young lad what a great way to impress the manager of a new manager to step up with the first team and get yourself a goal. It was a scrappy goal but at the end he got to it first going in the back of the net. What is the 18 now? And he scored some screamers last season didn't he? For the 18s definitely. He scored some absolute screamers so to get in there and try and impress the manager early. Obviously he got the jill off, like you said Don will be out, might be out for the Florida Cubs so we can get in early and impress the manager. Might get some time in there in the Florida Cubs to impress. Of course if you're him, if you like him and obviously Andy Gordon as well and a couple of others that you want to be on that plane to Florida don't you so? He's done, he's done self no harm. Lovely little ball from a Wobie. Do you think there's a, no listen going overboard with Alex a Wobie at all but do you think Rafa Benitez might look to use him in a different role? Any time a new manager comes in it's a fresh eyes on the plays first hand really. He's not obviously dunked there, he knows the plays and Dunk might be saying to him he's a number 10 and we want to play a number 10. You could say he was brought in to play a number 10. He played a few games, I remember him playing against West Ham in a number 10 and that was really, he played well. So yeah, we know we like to play a number 10. Rafa he's played a 4-2-3-1 before or 4-5-1 and you've not got the greatest options there. Obviously Sigurdsons number 10 but for me you've not got a lot of options. At the moment our wide options are limited so you might end up using him wide. Again it's for him now to chance to impress but he was involved, it was a nice little through and it was gobbled up by Cannon and the second half Lewis Gibson from a Guilfy Sigurdsons free kick Lewis Gibson slide in home at the far post to make it 2-0 and then we saw Anthony Gordon who has been on Twitter to say at last was one of his tweets and it was the first goal made it 3-0 after a lovely ball forward by John Fleeke O'Bannan and it was well finished from Anthony Gordon running through and slotted beyond the keeper to make it 3-0 so go for him as well because obviously Anthony Gordon went away with on loan to Preston and played some games in and out a little bit but you know back and again good opportunity to impress the manager. Well he's still young, still 19. I don't think he's physically ready for the Premier League yet but he looked sharp the other day obviously we didn't see much of him because of the highlights but the goal he scored he looked pacy, looked sharp, looked fit obviously a chance to impress a new manager like I said before the wide, the options are wide so Rafa might want to use him needs to bulk up a bit. I mean that will come with age the more you've seen a bit Dominic Alderloo when he was wiry and now he's a specimen and hopefully Anthony Gordon will continue to put that in but for his goal the pass by John Fleeke O'Bannan it was a lovely ball from John Fleeke O'Bannan I guess the take away from this game is it's good to see O'Bannan involved from Daemon in the pre-season playing the game. I mean I said to you off camera before it it's mad to think that only two seasons ago Marko Silva was our manager and we've had him and then Karl amant i lot i and now Rafa Benitez is here. It was that summer 2019 when he came in well he came in towards the end of the day. It's the longest he's played hasn't he?  You could argue that's what we need in the midfield a big mobile number six Well it's exactly what we need and he was done for Gary was bought to replace Ghana and the latter had a terrible, terrible run of injuries so hopefully he can stay fit Everton still do need another one because of where the John Fleeke O'Bannan is going to be fit all season but hopefully we can keep him fit. This could be factually wrong but it's not like he's injury it's not like he's had the same injury for two years and it's a big problem like his ankle keeps going he's had different injuries the last one it was in training it was so unlucky. The last one was a contract injury it was just a knee injury. Look at the infelon isn't he? He's had the same injury he's done as Achilles but before then prior to coming to Everton he played over 30 games every year so in general he was quite fit so if we can get him back to being fit then he can really, really help us but it was good to see him playing and obviously having an assistant a game that and now I'm not going overboard it was acting to me standing it was a friendly and it was a good ball it was a nice ball it's good to see that kind of vision isn't it but it's more about getting him games and obviously as we go forward we will see the likes of Alan D'Corey, Bernard you know, who's still out playing on Sylvie Selham coming back into that squad as well and getting fit but James Rodriguez was was you know the claim he won the number 10 which a lot of people were delighted with Soared Guilfee because he had 45 minutes each sorry 40 minutes each but a lot of people like to see hammers in that number 10 shit I want to say we're surprised to see him play but he's bad training and why wouldn't he You're going to win that Florida Cup you're going to play your most important player I mentioned number 10's a four he's probably the most, he'll be in there I imagine If he stays, and I hope he does and the suggestions that he will but if he does and Everton can get a wide player and a right back then I think he could be devastating in that number 10 role I just think his ability on the ball with runners, if Everton went with 4-2-3-1 which is what Benitez has used a lot He'll fit perfectly into number 10 and you've had him as the number 10 and then you've had someone with real pace on the right and you've had the Charleston runner on the left or just say Everton got Denzel Dumfries at right back and you had Luca Deane at left back if those four are making runs for him someone with his vision picking that ball or can thread it, Everton could be a real handful You create the chances or the other players create the space for him and you have to look at Bayern you drops into those space behind the striker outside the box in number 10 you can pick someone off it's like we've seen a couple of times this season Everton he's scored a few from outside the box He did, so be good there's still a long way to go in this window Hamers Rodriguez might be thinking cos I imagine regardless of anything Everton won't sell him until after the Florida Cup I don't think there's any question about that they're in less than two weeks now so for me there's no chance Everton's selling before the Florida Cup I'm looking at it because obviously he's a huge draw to go to that tournament but if he was to stay then I think he'd be huge I understand the people who say things like he's not fitting off, he doesn't play as many but he was already our player which he is and then we bring in a winger and you can drop him in a couple of positions and don't forget he had 14 goal contributions or 15 goal contributions his numbers were very good so Everton this side can lose that amount of goals and assists You keep him in the squad and you keep him as fit as you can be we know he's not going to play every game and then you keep gobbam in-fated it's less pressure on going on, we're getting another midfielder I think it's down we do need, we need we still need another centre made but with our financial it's difficult but there's players you can get you say if you lot, we were linked with Glen Camarra last week for 9 million euros that's absolutely buttons we've been linked with Mattis Nunes from Sport and Lisbon for 16, 17 million euros well if you've amatised that over a few years then again that's something Everton can't afford and they're players you could come in okay they're both slightly different Glen Camarra is more of a defensive midfiel player who will get around the pitch they're both mobile, Mattis Nunes is one who probably needs to bulk up a little bit but he's somebody who travels with the ball and then goes can get in and get goals there's nothing could add them in there but we're still crying out for the right back the right winger another centre forward unless Moise Keane is going to stay and we don't know at the moment he's another one who raffled by me to say I'm sure we'll have a look at Eversbach at Finch Farm at the weekend need a couple wingers for me preferably it'd be a striker who can play wide as well and then out and out you know so you're talking straight off there five they need another goalkeeper there's a number two six and we've got those in some have to go out as well but now it was a good start it was a good start, good work out for them and as we move forward and the players get fitter obviously the games will come a little bit thicker and faster and as we move up towards that opening day of the season against Southampton we've still got more than a good month yet haven't we which is better than last season we only have three weeks to make this season so we've got the games in Florida which will be in the heat cos even though they're in the night it's still incredibly warm and humid so that's good for fitness anyway and then we've also got a game against Manchester United as well so working towards them there'll be another game in there as well so I'm sure we'll be announced at some stage there'll be stuff and training as well but for me now it's about get these fitters you can and try and get a bit of transfer business so a good win positive start positive start, however you want to look at it it was a friendly, it really doesn't matter but it's always good to win football matches so there you go we've got a little chat about Everton's first pre-season game because Everton have played and won it so that's all good thanks for watching, give the video a thumbs up subscribe if you want more videos join us over on Patreon see you later


Breast pain accompanying one's period, called premenstrual nostalgia, was dismissed in the 70s as merely an expression of psychoneurosis of women. They're just frustrated and unhappy, because they haven't given their husbands children yet. Now we know what women always knew. Breast pain is all too common, maybe severe enough to interfere with usual daily activities, and its effect on quality of life is often underestimated. Though pain can be severe, the cause and optimal treatment remain undefined. Approximately 60 to 70% of women experience some type of breast pain at some stage of their lives, and in 10 to 20% of cases it is severe. Now some breast tenderness during one's cycle is normal, but breast pain is not. In many cases, surgery was prescribed. Thankfully by 1999, we were evidently living in an era of evidence-based surgery. What a concept, where we have to justify the surgery we undertake, and so the profession stopped cutting off the breasts of women in pain. The hormone prolactin is considered a central factor. As women with cyclical breast pain were found to have elevated levels, and a prolactin inhibitor drug was found to be an effective treatment. The side effects, though, were so bad that some women couldn't even finish the study. There has to be a better way. Well, while up to two-thirds of Western women suffer from breast pain in their lifetimes, it apparently may affect as few as 5% in Asian cultures. Maybe it has something to do with diet. Women eating traditional plant-based diets, all their lives, like rural Ben-2 African women, have lower prolactin levels. How do we know the difference isn't just genetic? Well, when you take those women and feed them a Western diet, meat, butter, milk, eggs, bread, and sugar for a few weeks, they experience a significant rise in prolactin. In fact, hormonal changes were comparable to those found in women with menstrual irregularities more common in the West. They got just as bad as they started eating like us. But part of the Western diet was responsible, though. Maybe it was the bread and sugar? To see if it was the meat, researchers took some New Yorkers, put them on a vegetarian diet for two weeks, and that alone brought their prolactin levels down, suggesting that the removal of meat and meat products from the diet can reduce the release of prolactin. So let's give it a try for breast pain. The first pilot study involved 10 women with severe cyclical nostalgia, put on a low-fat diet for three months, either vegetarian or mostly vegetarian, and all 10 women got better. There was no control group, though, so part of their improvement may have just been the placebo effect. So a randomized controlled trial was undertaken. This Canadian research group had been carrying out a clinical trial of dietary fat reduction in patients with precancerous breast changes, and they noted that patients with cyclical breast problems frequently experience striking relief of symptoms after reduction of dietary fat. So they randomized women into two groups, and again, a significant improvement in symptoms was found. Since then, we've learned that vegetarian women have fewer menstrual disturbances than non-vegetarian women. Only about 5% of their cycles were an ovulatory, meaning they failed to release an egg compared to 15% of non-vegetarian menstrual cycles. Those eating more plant-based, low-fat diets may also experience significantly less bloating, and compared to placebo, women with painful menstrual cramps placed on a vegan diet experienced significant relief. This was a so-called crossover study, where they put meat-eating women on a plant-based diet for two cycles and then switched them back to their regular diet with some placebo supplement, so you can show changes before and after, and then back to baseline. The problem is that several participants felt so much better on the plant-based diet they refused to go back to their regular diet, thereby screwing up the study. Bottom line is that a plant-based diet may offer relief from breast pain, as well as significant reductions in menstrual pain duration, pain intensity, and duration of pre-menstrual symptoms related to concentration, behavioral change, and water retention.


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Good afternoon, everyone. We'll start off with Alan from Sky. Hi, Sean. Can I just ask how's the mini break been? Has it been a break? Any of the players for the rest of the game? Yeah, I think somewhat the players got a bit of down time. Staff as well, staff worked very hard here too, so everyone seemed to come back in in good shape and ready to take on the next challenge. Bit of a rarity now, isn't it? Ten days between matches for top-flight football. Well, it certainly was through December. I think this one was probably worthy for us to give the lad a few down days. How's the current situation then, having looked at players during that break period? Can we expect anybody back for this weekend? Unfortunately, we lost Andre, so we're waiting on news on how long he'll be out, but very unlikely for this weekend. Shame is probably not for this weekend. Youngy got through a game last night at 75 minutes, which was good news, but probably not for the weekend, and obviously Duke's a bit longer term. So unfortunately, the games programmed eventually, probably you can't actually define it for sure, but somewhere down the line, these injuries often seem to be after a heavy game schedule, so that's the way it goes, but we'll work with what we've got and continue and keep pushing forwards. That's quite a number out, really, isn't it? Well, yeah, I mean, they've been good players recently and played very well for us. But those are the challenges, you know, when the schedule hits, you're pretty hard over the Christmas period, and you're working with a pretty skinny squad with numbers. That's often the case, you know, it does sometimes come in. Unfortunately, we were just literally on the cusp of getting everyone back fit and well, and then people go down again, so yeah, it's a shame for us, but like I said, we've got plenty of good players who are willing, and it gives other people a chance and opportunity, of course, to come into the side and do well. Cup football again, and home advantage. I think the players certainly demonstrated that attitude and desire to progress in the competition, having beaten Crystal Palace over two games, so are you pleased with that? Yeah, I think the attitude, generally, this scene has been good overall. The cup games included, I think we've gone after all the games in the cups to try and win, we'll do that again for sure. Good in the last round against, you know, a good Palace side, can be very awkward, particularly away, working hard on the counter, we've got some good players on the counter and we've delivered a performance without being at our best, but a performance that can win, and that's what the players have been learning to do this season, I think beyond just performing, it's that ability and that mentality to win in tight games, and we've come out on top of that one. We want to do that if needs be, of course, again on Saturday. Does it help that it's Premier League opposition in a strange way? I know you've got home advantage as well. No, I think cup games are different. I mentioned that in the last round. They bring a different feeling. It's about the mentality to take the challenge on. I think that's growing here, as I've just referenced. So we want the players to be clear-minded to take this one on. Luton have demonstrated themselves. They've really got a fighting spirit of their own, and they have won at Goddison this season. What have you made of them since that win, really? Yeah, they're doing well. They're working hard. They've used the underdog spirit. I've been down that road myself many years ago when Burnley first got into the Premier League, and it's kind of a, you build a mentality. It's still a long season ahead, of course, but they're going very well. They've made it clear they're up for everything, and they keep demanding from themselves. So, I mean, we've created a mentality here that is strong in the sense that we take no one for granted. We take no one lightly. All of the information we're giving to the players, all the workload that we can get into them, will be the same whoever we're playing to try and win a game. Luton, which is talked about, do you have one eye on Fulham, though, with it being so... No, I think we've tried to always insist that the players focus on the next game in hand. We, as a staff, have to plan slightly differently when it comes to travel and all the rest of it. But actually, with the players, the next one's the biggest game, and the next one's the most important one, and whatever competition that's in. We've been trying to build that mentality, as I was just suggesting, and I think there's been signs of it and clear signs of it this season. I know we talked about this earlier in the season when there was a lack of goals, but it is just one goal in the last four games in all competitions now, and Dominic Calvert-Lewin hasn't scored in his last 14. Is that troubling you, concerning you? No, I mean, I think if... The goal that I think we were all surprised at, taught in my way, if that goes in, I don't think the story's the same. Sorry if it went in, but if the decision's different, the story changes. The other thing is, I've always said it about strikers. You know, I was a defender, I used to mark them, and the ones that used to worry me is when they haven't been scoring, and the next game comes around, because it will come their way. That's just stats and facts of football. So for every game that goes away, it gets closer. So, you know, I remind Dominic that it is coming his way, and it will get closer. So he's not over worried about it? I'm sure he wants to score goals. I'm confident he's got goals. I'm sure he wants to score goals. All strikers want to score goals, and so they should. But the work for the team is just important and creating chances, being awkward to mark, open up space for others, and then, of course, you want goals to come their way as well. So we're looking for him to score goals, and I'm sure he will. A number of your plays still being linked with a move away. It's the transfer window. It's inevitable, I suppose. Do the financial circumstances of the club mean that some may have to move? No, certainly not what I'm aware of at this moment in time. Certainly nothing's been promoted to me with that thought. We want to keep all the best players here and the best we can, and make sure we're trying, even though it's tricky circumstances, that's clear. Trying to kind of at least manage the group that we've got and then build on it where we can, if the right situation occurs where they're at, there can be some form of getting the deal done. But obviously, it is quite a difficult window. We've seen that not just for us. We've seen that with the amount of money spent compared to other windows, very, very low at the moment. I think it's circa 38, 40 million, something like that, which historically is very, very low. If there are any incumbents, would it have to be loan deals, should we? Very likely, I would suggest, yes. Anybody in the frame in terms of positions? Loads. Loads of lots. All areas. Absolutely. Thanks very much. Thank you. Thanks, Alan. We've got a few ready on us. Excuse me. Jal, Virginia repressed in both the Cup games previous round. Does he keep his place for this one? We'll wait and see. We'll talk about the team this afternoon. We'll talk more in-depth about the team, sorry, with the staff, but he has done very well. We wanted to give him his opportunity. I think he's deserved that. We also wanted to give Jordan a break. He plays lots and lots of well-endless football, more or less, with the international scene as well. I think he certainly got a few down days last weekend, which is good for him. But we know he's a top keeper, but Jal's going along very well, and we've been very impressed with him in training. And I'm pleased for him, as well as us, that he put in them kind of performances and his manner into the games. Lewis Dobbin played well last night for the under-21s, and obviously he got his first goal against Chelsea earlier on in the season. Is he someone that comes into your thoughts for the Cup game? Is he around a starting place?  Chimiti played as well. These guys kind of fall in between the gaps a little bit, so we've got to make sure they get in their minutes as well, make sure they continue to develop, literally, as in, playing games, whilst we know they're developing with the training program and the way they work with the group. So certainly, them type of players will be certainly in the thinking anyway and certainly around the group. With the amount of injuries now in midfield and Andre now out as well. Are you having to look at maybe moving people slightly out of positions?  We have lost players who have been very good to us and very good players and very important, but we managed to find a way of still constructing the scene to make it make sense, so we'll be looking to do that and put a team out there that can win. You said before that, you know, it has a bit of a different feeling in an FA Cup game, but the players are just a little bit of a boot and are just a point and a place apart in the league and it's the other end of the table. If you've hiked up the table and then going into a Cup game, can you make more changes? Sorry, I just thought, what we did, we told them to move furniture just above it as we're doing the interviews. I thought it would be a really good idea if during the presser that they decide to move furniture constantly by dragging it along the floor upstairs. I don't know, they could be there up in the camera, but it's really loud in here, you know, yeah. So I just started a pod drive for that, but during the presser it was really good. Yeah, so different feeling for the FA Cup as you said before. Given though that the two teams in this game are fighting it out near the bottom of the table, does it mean you still have the league in the back of your mind or is that still the main focus? Yeah, the league is still the main focus, or of course, but that won't change, I don't think, because of the kudos and the power and the money and all of that. But like I've said, you know, it's not to do with misrepresenting these trophies, it's nothing to do with that. It's just sometimes they start some facts as a football business. We still take it very seriously. It's quite obvious I have a lot of respect for the FA Cup. My little window of doing well in it many, many moons ago meant a lot to me at that time, to me as an individual, to my career, the team and the town at that time.  So, you know, I've got my own part of, a small part, a very small part of the history of it. So I certainly respect it, but the league is the bigger picture and I think, I don't want to speak on behalf of Luton, but I think for both clubs, I think it's, that is the bigger picture. And currently, circumstances, 10 points, the commission, all the rest of it, that will play its part or may do at some point. But beyond all that, the focus is still on this next game, you know, and I'll be making that absolutely clear to the players, I'll have them today and we'll be doing tomorrow. Thanks, Julia, we'll go as well. Thank you. Sorry, is that that again? No, it's a different one. Yeah, same, no, sorry, different kind of injury but in his calf, yes. Update on Delia's injury, settle down. Yeah, well, it's, unfortunately, he has required surgery. It was a bit of a debate on whether to or not, which is why it took some time. So now we'll be, we're basically recovering from that and there's no timescales at this time because obviously he's had a lot on waiting for it to develop and the early signs are good at this time. No, not at the moment, they're aware, obviously. Ben Gottfried, obviously he's been linked to quite a few clubs, is there any news that you can shed a light on his future? No, Ben's going on very well, his professional attitude is outstanding here, he's well thought of in the group, hasn't had as much game time, he's frustrated by that quite obviously but not in a sense of any, any situation, he's frustrated to not play but he's a fantastic pro and he continues pushing himself and the group and that's what kind of guy he is. I'm really pleased for Andross, he went through a lot, made a good relationship with him, we tried to share that kind of mutual respect for his injury and his situation. I'd like to think he felt there was that and it was one of them situations coming out of contract at that time I think I made it clear recently with certain situations we didn't always want to change but finances, the way we had to check on the finances, bring it down, lower the clubs for responsibility, all of them things that I spoke about just last week and he was part of that but he's a very good pro, I know that, he's a very good player, I've known him for many years from a young player coming to where he is and he was actually, I thought he was excellent but he was getting out there on the grass and he was getting closer and closer his attitude towards us, towards the club and everything was absolutely spot on and I'm pleased for him, I'm pleased he's got another chance and going well. We'll look at the options we've changed the shape a number of times in consideration of injuries we may well have to do that again but we've looked at the team today and obviously we'll be in house and tonight and today we'll look further tomorrow and then put a seam out there with a clear focus of winning. Thank you. We'll go to Phil at the press association I was just going to check you mentioned the surgery for Delhi did you say what type of surgery it was? Yeah, I think it's a grind.


How lovely fragrance lovers. Today we've got another unboxing of some lovely perfumes. I received this today so I'm super excited to see what it is. Give you a clue. It's gold. Oh my days. It's Juicy Couture Viva La Juicy Gold Couture. I have I tried this and I loved it. I absolutely loved it and so I got the box set. I had a discount code to use at very.co.uk and I got the box set and oh my days. It also comes with some fragrances for the Viva La Juicy, the travel one, and then the Viva La Juicy Gold Couture. So I love this. I love love love love love love this. So this is wrapped in a little plasticky almost like cling film. So not quite cellophane. But oh my days you guys. This is like a velvet. It's quite velvety. I am so keeping this box. Absolutely keeping this box. Oh I love this. This is so beautiful. So beautiful. So this is a fragrance that I like very much. I'm just gonna have to pause and open it because oh here we go. I can't pull this out. I can't. I just realized it's got a magnetic.  You don't actually pull it out. You just open it up like that. It's got some magnets. How fabulous. You can tell I'm new to fragrances because it didn't even occur to me that this might be magnetic but this is such a beautiful box. And my gosh you guys. You guys look at this. Look at this. Oh I love this. Look at that. This is beautiful. I love the little bow as well. Okay. Here we go with you. I tried Juicy Couture, Gold Couture Viva La Juicy because I had seen on so many videos people talking about number one the lovely feminine smell and that is a very floral and then number two that it's supposed to have like super long staying power. So I thought I want to try it and I did. I tried it at Debenhams and I loved it. I loved it and then I bought like a tiny little sample that I was wearing during the day and I love it. I love it and on me it stays literally up to 30 and 14 hours. It's still on me and I find that throughout the day I just I kind of want to keep on smelling myself with it. So this is my first big bottle purchase of something that I'm buying to make my perfume wardrobe because it's somebody who's new to fragrances. I don't yet have a perfume wardrobe but this is the first one that's going into my perfume wardrobe. It lasts long. It's got a beautiful smell that I like that doesn't feel cloying to me and it's got a gorgeous bottle, just the bottle alone. Oh, I love it. It's the freshness, the freshness. It makes me feel like I mean I don't do it often but I sometimes keep having a shower during the day because if I wake up late and I don't have time to have a shower I'll just like put some roll on and when I spray this it makes me feel like I've had a shower and I'm all I'm feeling fresh and clean and very lovely. So I love it. It's very good for making me feel like I've putting a lot of effort when I actually haven't and the fact that it stays on me and I love smelling it on me for 12 hours straight, I still feel happy when I smell it. So welcome to my perfume wardrobe. This is going to be the number one item in my perfume wardrobe. Thank you so much for watching. I'll be back with some more unboxings. Oh, I'm going to try the, no this is the Goldcatcher. So this is the plain Viva la Juicy which I've never tried before. I can tell that they're the same sisters. I think it's called the same DNA. It's so lovely and fruity and floral and sweet. I like sweet fragrances and I like pink.  So yeah, good stuff. Thank you. Remember to subscribe. I'm crazy about perfume so I'm sharing my whole perfume journey on here.


The first product I will be reviewing is the Shea Yogurt Hair Moisturizer. I will be including the ingredients below in the description box with a link to Alicane Natural's website. So the consistency of this product, it is a sticky consistency, it is very fluffy but it's not as creamy as I thought it would be. Very very thick so a little bit goes a long way. I've been using just a little bit of the product. I'm a pretty good judge of products and what I'm going to do now is pull my hair back in a scrunchie. I mean a goodie band. I have probably about 15 to 20 braids. A little bit goes a long way. This is how much I have left. I have so much left. My hands, I don't even know if you can see it. My hands are oily. This is the first impression and of course you guys are going to see me take down my hair. I have a lot of hair and I still use minimum product especially since my hair is quote unquote straight. Okay my hair was kinkier. If it was wet I probably would have used a little bit more just a little bit. I don't know how I don't know if I would recommend this product right after bat for those of you who have fine hair. I think it would be too oily for those of you who have fine hair. I would probably use this as a moisturizer because if I would use it as a styler it would take me forever. A good thing but I think I would prefer it as a sealant to sealant and moisture.  Certain pieces but not all of them. Like this one's pretty hard. Hair has definitely grown. Yes it was straight quote unquote and blown out but I mean I can tell based on my previous styles on blown out hair. Yes I'm definitely getting some length here. All right so this is the final look. I knew out the bat that this product would not give me as much hold as a traditional styler quote unquote which is why I used a mousse which by the way I used to cream with nature mousse if I didn't mention that earlier. My thoughts initial thoughts still hold true. I would use this only as a moisturizer only as a sealant. For me personally I wouldn't use it as a styler because most products like a shea butter base styler quote unquote can give you enough hold without adding gel or mousse like I did before. Hey yes I did this on straight hair so of course your results going to be different but I'm used to doing it. Well I've dug styles on straightened hair or blown out hair before and I have more definition than what I have right now. Will I maintain this? No I won't. More than likely tonight I will flat twist my hair very quickly and then at this point I've been having my hair blown out for about this is the 8th day. So that is it you guys thank you so much for watching and thank you as always so all my subscribers take care.


This 2019 Chevy Silverado 1500 Crew Cab Short Box LT1 with the RST package is stock number 11543 ZA. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used light-duty truck headquarters. This 2019 Chevy Silverado has the 5.3 liter V8 motor. It has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. Black clear coat is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device or television or whatever you may be watching the video on turn those capabilities on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the truck before seen it in person. And if you'd like to check out all the photos on this truck in the upper right-hand party screen is a link to our website Click that and check us out there. This one comes with the 20 inch painted and polished aluminum rims and it has the Bridgestone Duler All-Terrain 27560 R20 tires. These tires have right around 50 to 60 percent of the tread left on them. Front fender is in excellent shape. You can see it does have the Z71 off-road suspension package. It has the LED headlamps, the LED fog lamps and the LED running lights. Front bumper has the front bumper parking sensors and that bumper is in excellent shape as well. I didn't see any dents or dings on the hood. Headlight lenses are nice and clear and the passenger side front fender is in excellent shape as well. Passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. And as you go down this side of the truck take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the truck, you can see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises or if you get the truck shipped right to you, you'll know exactly what you get in. And that's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. We link right to our website where you can buy for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise a trade, often the comfort of your own home. So when you do get here or get the truck to your driveway, you'll be all set to go. Back tires have just as much tread as the front tires and the frame and underbody is in excellent shape all the way underneath. Lower rockers all look really good and I didn't see any dents or dings on the box. Rear bumper steps, dual rear exhaust, full towing package, which includes the receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. It does have the backup parking sensors. Tailgate is in very nice shape as well. It does have the backup camera. It also has spray and bed liner with LED bed lighting. Bed's in excellent condition. As we go down the driver's side, just as clean as a passenger's side, see just how nice and shiny that paint is. Didn't see any dents in the box and for full disclosure, this back rim is in excellent shape as well. Four wheel disc brakes, capitalist fuel fill and down the rest of the side of the truck looks really good. You do get the power mirrors with the blind spot indicators in them. You also have LED side lights back here.  There are no rips or tears on these seats. They are in excellent shape. Power driver's seat, lumbar. All-weather floor mats. Has auto headlamps, push-button four-wheel drive. Toe mode, power windows, power locks, power mirrors. And we'll hop inside here, see if we can get it to stop dinging at us. I think we're gonna have to start it up to see everything, but take note. No check engine lights or anything like that. This one does have 26,866 miles. You do get the digital speedometer. Time display, compass display. You get the heated leather wrap steering wheel, Bluetooth and information center controls on the right, cruise controls, and heated steering wheel controls on the left. Comes with the Chevy infotainment system, AM, FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities. This is also where your backup camera is going to show up. And you do get Apple CarPlay and Android Auto where you can project your cell phone to the screen. So while this particular radio doesn't have navigation, you can hook it up to your cell phone. And if you have nav on your cell phone, you can project it to the screen with one of those apps. Pretty cool system. And then you have your AM, FM, and Sirius right there.  You get a USB and a USB-C and a 12 volt power point here. Here's your keyless entry with the remote start and the power drop down tailgate. Passenger side format and seat are in excellent condition. No rips or tears in them. The headliner is in great shape too. And you do get on-star capabilities in that review mirror. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll check out under the hood. You get the 40, 20, 40 split bench seating. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips or tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats. Rear window defrost. You get storage behind those back seats. Very nice condition. Smells very clean inside this truck. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. And you do get a little storage bin back here. All weather floor mats and two more USBs back here. Let's go down like so. Child safety locks on the back doors. And I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video you have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out under the hood. We have the 5.3 liter V8 motor. Engine bays very clean. Runs very smooth. Once again, this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and tapped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. Let's see those LED headlights and running lights there. Really a good looking truck. I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it, we got to go to that website right there, www.SummitAuto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at SummitAuto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com. So, I have Summit Auto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact, in a second, you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel. In the upper left, a link to more Chevy Silverado 1500 truck videos like this one in the upper right. A link to our, this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to our latest YouTube video in the lower right. Click those, check this out. And we're super excited to be offering this Ultra Clean 2019 Chevy Silverado 1500 Crew Cab Short Box LT1 RST Package with the Z71 package in black clear coat. Thanks again for checking out the video.


What's it everybody? Jason for Jasper's case breaks calm for three hundred and eighty dollar mixer spot giveaways here with this 1920 Canadian Chronicles fat pack break for old to so get guys super high risk super average first We do the break get everybody gets around team the NBA distribute the hits out of the fat pack Then at the end of the break will take all customer names and Top four out of 30 win a spot each in the mixer, which is about a three hundred eighty dollar mixer spot So not bad for fifty two ninety nine So good luck guys, let's roll it and we got ourselves a two and a five seven times is for the break only one two three four five Actually was a seven right six Cory down to Aaron I Seven times One two three four five six seven Does Mavericks Boston Celtics Battery load charge now, okay, man. I'll charge it right now, man All right, so just quick little fat pack to the 19 so most notable teams air with the pelicans read with the Grizzlies Bulls there with J We got heat down here Andrew Lakers and where's the pelicans are here Aaron and read, right? So stick with you guys.   Good luck top foe get in one two three Four five six then final time Boom Top four get in Anthony Reed Aaron and Brian Crouch. There you go after six times Top four get in So another way to win is already on the website guys We have to do a couple more of these including science and spot straight up But we should be able to get it done hopefully soon Jaspies case breaks dot com


Hey everybody forced here. I'm doing a multi random from definitive baseball 2022 definitive baseball case number 20 Is a mariners and angels dual auto of ken griffey jr. And mike trout Good luck on this one. Let's roll the dice again definitive case number 20 22 definitive case 20 We'll randomize five times it's two and three five times Whichever team is up top is getting the redemption. It's a big one too Good luck and thank you for joining the break one two three four five The angels are getting the card. Let me write that down angels five times up top big congrats The kid and the kid as i've heard uh Not his main nickname, but one of trout's nicknames again. Thank you both for joining the break. Congrats angels


The following presentation was produced by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension service through funding by the Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, United States Department of Agriculture, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior. Quality water is perhaps the most important asset of a successful fish producer. All of the things being equal, a pound with good water quality will produce more fish than a pound with poor water quality. Poor water quality could mean reduced growth or a complete loss of fish. And since a type of water source directly influences the quality of water in a pond, it is important to select one which results in optimum productivity or use corrective measures for those ponds with existing water sources which produce less than satisfactory water. The purpose of this tape is to show the types of water sources available to pond owners, how these water sources differ in quality with respect to type and location, and to describe the basic ionic constituents present in each source. A discussion on dissolved gases, plankton, aquatic plants, turbidity and pollutants is also included. Testing procedures for several basic water quality parameters will be presented and possible corrective measures will be discussed. In addition, special considerations regarding flow through systems will also be included. Ionic composition of water sources. Water contains many elements and compounds which are dissolved in it. Collectively, the dissolved mineral forms are called ions. For example, limestone or calcium carbonate when dissolved in water results in the formation of calcium and carbonate ions. The absence or presence of various ions determines the quality of water in a pond. The basic composition of compounds in water is determined by the location of its source. For example, well water obtains ions directly from mineral deposits of the aquifer in which it is located. Therefore, water from a limestone aquifer will contain large quantities of calcium and carbonate ions. Surface water will contain ions dissolved from the stream bed and from runoff overland into the stream. In many areas, various types of water may be obtained by drilling at different depths. Three types of fresh groundwater sources are usually present in the south. Water from a limestone aquifer will contain mainly calcium and carbonate ions. Other ions are present but exist in relatively smaller quantities. Water derived from this aquifer will have high concentrations of calcium and carbonate ions. Another groundwater source is from a well drilled into a formation of sodium and bicarbonate. The predominant ions in this source are sodium and bicarbonate with smaller quantities of carbonate ions. These sources are commonly called soda wells and are usually located at a greater depth than limestone aquifers. The third type generally comes from strata which have very few available ions, mainly from strata deeper than sanotype aquifers, and few ions are present in these wells. By observing aquifer maps such as this, a producer may determine what type of groundwater source is located in his or her area. For example, a farmer at location A could drill a well and expect water from a limestone aquifer. On the other hand, any well drilled at location B would only produce water high on sodium and bicarbonate since the limestone aquifer is absent in this area. Maps similar to this one for your area may be obtained through your local soil conservation service office or state water resources agency. Many producers have access to surface water. In some cases a surface water source will be a sufficient quality and quantity to warrant its usage. However, in most cases several characteristics of surface waters may make them less desirable as sources for fish production ponds. Many streams are intermittent, that is their flow is not constant. For example, during periods of low rainfall the stream may slow or even dry up. On the other hand, excess precipitation may produce flooding which could rise above dams and cause the escape of fish or the introduction of wild fish. Since the water quality of the stream is determined by the geology of its drainage basin or emerging springs from underground, quality varies considerably from stream to stream. For example, streams located in agricultural areas may receive drainage from fields which are treated with insecticides and herbicides. Streams receiving water from areas where livestock are held may contain high levels of organic materials such as manure which may adversely affect water quality. However, well managed drainage basins may add beneficial ions to the water such as calcium and carbonate. Another problem which often arises when surface water is utilized is the introduction of wild fish into the pond. For example, sunfish may reduce production considerably since they compete with and eat other fish species. Other species may actively compete with the desired species for food or reduce water quality by stirring up the pond bottom. To reduce the input of wild fish, excluders such as this must be placed at the inflow to the pond. Installation of drain pipes such as this will prevent fish from swimming into the pond from drainage ditches. Due to the various problems associated with most surface waters, it is wise to use groundwater whenever possible. However, there are exceptions. For example, in some areas where spring fed streams are common, it may be more economical to use this source instead of drilling well. Another option for using surface water particularly appealing for sport fish ponds is watershed ponds. These ponds are built in areas that collect rainwater from the immediate drainage basin. There are usually no wild fish problems in these types of ponds. However, the iron concentration of water is usually very low. Salinity. In some coastal areas and in areas that have underground salt domes, the high salinity of water sources may prevent production of freshwater fish. The term salinity refers to the total concentration of all dissolved ions in the water. If you are unsure about the salinity of your water source, contact your county extension agent. pH, total alkalinity, and total hardness. The ion at composition of water is so important because it affects a number of water quality factors. Three of these parameters, pH, total alkalinity, and total hardness, will now be discussed. pH. The pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration and indicates if the water is acidic or alkaline. Since pH represents a negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration, the lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions in the water, while higher pH indicates lower numbers of hydrogen ions. The pH scale ranges from zero to fourteen with seven being neutral. Waters with pH values below seven are termed acidic. Those with values above seven are said to be basic. The greater the departure from pH seven, the more acidic or basic the water is. The pH of a pond is directly influenced by the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water. Carbon dioxide is taken up by phytoplankton during the day as photosynthesis occurs. Since carbon dioxide is an acidic substance, pH rises when it is removed. As photosynthesis ceases during the night, carbon dioxide is returned to the water by phytoplankton respiration and pH falls. The degree of fluctuation in pH is directly influenced by the buffering capacity of the water, which is its resistance to changes in pH. The buffering capacity is in turn determined primarily by total alkalinity and to a certain extent total hardness levels of the pond, which will be discussed shortly. Fish are sensitive to extreme values of pH. The acidic and alkaline death points for most fish are approximately pH four and eleven, respectively. However, slow growth may occur in moderately acidic and alkaline waters. In waters which are not buffered sufficiently, the pH may remain at these values for long periods of time, thereby inhibiting growth. In properly buffered ponds, the pH will remain between approximately six and nine most of the time. This range is desirable for fish production. The pH in a pond directly affects algae growth, which influences oxygen concentration and fish health. The pH also affects the toxicity of a number of naturally occurring compounds such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and chemicals which are added to the pond for management purposes such as copper sulfate. Total alkalinity and total hardness. Earlier it was mentioned that the daily degree of fluctuation in pH is the function of the buffering capacity of the water, the greater the buffering capacity, the less the fluctuation in pH. The principal factors which influence this buffering capacity are total alkalinity and total hardness. Total alkalinity refers to the total concentration of bases in water expressed as calcium carbonate. Another way to think of total alkalinity is resistance to changes in pH. Waters with high total alkalinity will resist changes in pH more than waters with low total alkalinity. For example, in the procedure used to test water for total alkalinity, sulfuric acid is added to the water sample until the available bases have been titrated, that is, taken up by the acid. The greater the number of bases such as carbonate and bicarbonate ions, the greater the total alkalinity. Total hardness refers to the total concentration of divalent metal ions expressed as calcium carbonate. In most waters, calcium and magnesium are the principal ions which make up total hardness. Alkalinity and hardness may be measured through the use of test kits such as this one. Kits such as this are relatively inexpensive and include supplies for testing other water quality parameters which will be discussed in subsequent tapes of this series. Kits may be purchased from scientific supply companies. As mentioned earlier, the alkalinity test measures the amount of standard sulfuric acid required to lower the pH to a specific level. Thus, the number of drops of acid required to reduce the pH to a specific level represents the amount of resistance to pH change of the water which in turn is a measure of the buffering capacity or total alkalinity. Included in most test kits are a high and a low range test for alkalinity. Initial testing of alkalinity should start with a high range method. To use a high range test, proceed as follows. First, obtain a sample of water to be tested. Water should be collected away from the pond bank if possible to ensure that stirred up mud will not influence the test. Water should also be collected using a clean container. It is very important to use clean containers to collect water samples since residues in the jar or bottle may influence measurements. Once samples have been collected, rinse the plastic measuring tube provided in the kit with water to be tested. Pour the contents of this tube into the mixing bottle. Then add one or two drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution to the sample and swirl to mix. An indicator adds color to a solution to be tested. That is, after addition of an indicator, the water usually changes color when it reaches a certain pH. Then if a solution termed the titrine is added, the water eventually changes color again. This is termed the endpoint. By knowing the amount of titrine added to reach the color change at the endpoint, the concentration of the test of substance may be calculated. If the water remains colorless after the addition of the phenolphthalein indicator solution, the phenolphthalein alkalinity is zero. However, if the water becomes pink, add sulfuric acid solution using the dropper drop-by-drop to the sample, swirling after each drop. The solution will turn pink only if the pH of water is above 8.3. Phenolphthalein measures resistance to pH changes above 8.3. Count each drop as you add it. The dropper should be held vertically while dispensing drops. Add the sulfuric acid until the sample becomes colorless and record the number of drops dispensed. Remember, if the sample did not turn pink after the addition of phenolphthalein indicator, no sulfuric acid should be added. In this case, the drops of sulfuric acid used to this point is zero. Now add one bromocrisol-green methyl-red powder pillow to the sample and swirl to mix. The sample should take on a blue-green color. Then add sulfuric acid as shown previously to change the color from blue-green to pink. This happens at pH 4.5. Record the number of drops used. Then add the total number of drops of sulfuric acid used. For example, if you use two drops of sulfuric acid to change the sample color from pink to colorless after adding phenolphthalein indicator and five drops to change the color from blue-green to pink after the addition of the powder pillow, the total number of drops used is seven. The total alkalinity of the sample may now be obtained by multiplying the number of drops of sulfuric acid used by 17.1. The result is the total alkalinity as milligrams per liter calcium carbonate. Since total alkalinity is usually what you are interested in, you can neglect the addition of phenolphthalein and simply add bromocrusol-green and titrate to pH 4.5. If the results of the high-range test show a fairly low alkalinity, for example, one or two drops or 17 to 34 milligrams per liter calcium carbonate, the low-range test should be used for greater accuracy. The low-range test is identical to the high-range test except in this case the sample size is increased, thereby resulting in greater sensitivity due to the lower concentration of indicator which is present. In other words, indicators that are added in the low-range test are diluted more than they are in the high-range test. The greater sensitivity in the low-range test results because more drops of sulfuric acid must be added to the same water sample in the low-range test than in the high-range test. To measure the total alkalinity using the low-range test, proceed as follows. First, fill the mixing bottle to the 15 milliliter mark. Proceed as in the high-range test, add phenolphthalein indicator solution and sulfuric acid solution if necessary, then add a bromocrusol-green methyl-red powder pillow, and then sulfuric acid until the endpoint or color change is reached. To calculate the total alkalinity, multiply the total number of drops of sulfuric acid used by 17.1. Divide this number by 2.5. The result is the total alkalinity as milligrams per liter or parts per million calcium carbonate. The vision by 2.5 takes a larger sample size into account. It should be mentioned that total alkalinity is composed of three types of alkalinity, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate alkalinity. Relationships between these types of alkalinity are normally included in test kits, and many prove confusing. However, what fish farmers are interested in is total alkalinity, which may be measured as described. Total hardness is measured using a test kit as well. To measure total hardness, proceed as follows. First, obtain a water sample from the pond in the same manner as the alkalinity test. Remember, use a clean sampling jar or a bottle. Rinse the plastic measuring tube provided with the kit with the water to be tested. Then fill and pour the contents into the mixing bottle. Now add three drops of buffer solution to the mixing bottle and swirl to mix. Then add one or two drops of hardness indicator solution to the mixing bottle and swirl to mix. The sample should turn pink or orange. Add titrant reagent drop by drop while swirling until a color changes from pink to blue. Remember to hold the dropper directly above the sample, taking care not to touch the dropper to the side of the mixing bottle. To calculate the total hardness, multiply the number of drops of titrant used by 17.1. The result is the total hardness as milligrams per liter calcium carbonate. Levels of total alkalinity and total hardness desirable for fish culture generally fall within the range of 75 to 300 milligrams per liter. Generally, productive waters have total hardness and total alkalinity values of approximately the same magnitude. Waters of total alkalinity is less than 15 to 20 milligrams per liter. For example, watershed ponds, surface water, or non-ionic well water usually cause reduced algae growth due to the lack of available carbon, required for photosynthesis, and also cause large changes in pH. Waters with low total alkalinity are also not buffered against pH change, and pH values may fluctuate greatly during a 24-hour period. For example, one can see that fluctuations in pH are greater in the palm of low alkalinity as compared to the palm of moderate total alkalinity. If the total alkalinity is fairly high, for example greater than 75 milligrams per liter, and the total hardness is low, the afternoon pH may rise to 10 or above and remain for several hours. In this situation, the lack of appreciable hardness may result in surplus bases such as carbonate, which in turn increases pH. Also, the lack of calcium associated with low hardness usually results in reduced growth of fish. Therefore again, the best water source for fish culture contains total alkalinity and total hardness levels of the same magnitude and 75 to 300 milligrams per liter each. This type of water is commonly produced by limestone aquifers. Unfortunately, some producers will not have access to a limestone aquifer as their water source. The following is a summation of the typical deficiencies of other common water sources in this area. Soda wells typically produce waters with alkalinity levels of 75 to 250 milligrams per liter and hardness levels of 0 to 5 milligrams per liter. As mentioned, pH values will be high in the afternoon waters of this type. Problems associated with low hardness as discussed earlier may also occur. To reduce afternoon pH, hardness must be increased in this type of water. A common method is the application of agricultural gypsum, which is calcium sulfate. To find the amount of gypsum needed to treat your pond, refer to your county extension agent or aquaculture specialist. If the pond has not yet been filled, the gypsum may be broadcasted over the bottom of the dry pond. Subsequent disking will ensure even distribution and allow the gypsum to react with the pond mud once filled. However, most applications will be in ponds which are full. In this case, gypsum may be placed on a plywood platform on a boat. While navigating the boat throughout the pond, gypsum is evenly distributed. Some water sources such as surface water or some ionic wells produce water in which total alkalinity and total hardness levels are exceedingly low. As mentioned, waters with alkalinities below 15 to 20 milligrams per liter will not produce sufficient growth of algae. Also, ponds with alkalinities below 20 milligrams per liter will not respond to fertilization as well as waters of higher alkalinity. Furthermore, due to the combined effects of low total alkalinity and hardness, pH may be low for extended periods of time. In order to correct this situation of low total alkalinity and total hardness, liming is performed. The decision to lime should be based on total alkalinity and total hardness measurements of the pond water in question since water quality varies from side to side. If both total alkalinity and total hardness are above 30 milligrams per liter, no lime is needed. If total alkalinity and total hardness are below 20 milligrams per liter, liming is necessary and soil samples from the pond bottom should be taken and sent to your county extension agent to determine the liming requirement. Soil samples can easily be obtained by using a boat while scooping samples from the bottom at different locations. Most land grant universities can perform the test for free or at a small charge. If lime is needed, the selection of a liming agent is then made. Hydrated lime and burnt lime have been used as liming agents but their use is discouraged since applications often cause extremely high pH. Agricultural limestone, on the other hand, does not cause excessively high pH when applied properly and therefore is the best liming agent. It is also less expensive than other liming agents. The best agricultural limestone is of fine particle size and high neutralizing value. For example, a limestone with a 90% neutralizing value is 90% as effective as pure limestone. By applying the neutralizing value of your limestone with data received from your county extension agent, the required level of lime is obtained. Application of lime should occur in the fall or winter since fertilization normally occurs in the spring. This delay allows a lime time to react with the pond bottom which increases the total alkalinity and hardness and increases the effectiveness of fertilizer applications, if any. As with the application of gypsum, lime may be broadcast directly on the bottom of a dried pond or may be distributed evenly throughout the pond by boat. It is important to get an even, thorough coverage of pond bottom. This buffers all of the mud. Dissolved gases. Generally, three dissolved gases are of importance in water sources used by pond owners. These are dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Dissolved oxygen. Maintaining adequate concentrations of dissolved oxygen is critical to successful fish production. Adequate dissolved oxygen is necessary not only to prevent massive fish kills, but also to maintain healthy and growing fish. Generally, it is desirable to maintain dissolved oxygen levels above five milligrams per liter. Dissolved oxygen concentrations from one to five milligrams per liter usually cause reduced growth after prolonged exposure. Values below one milligram per liter prove lethal to most fish if exposure is prolonged. Although the atmosphere is 21% oxygen by volume, this oxygen is not available directly to fish unless it is dissolved into the water. Even though oxygen will diffuse into the water, the rate of mixing it into the water is slow. Therefore, dissolved oxygen concentrations of a pond are mainly dependent on the oxygen production resulting from photosynthesis by phytoplankton and mixing of oxygen at the surface down into the water. Losses of oxygen from a body of water are primarily from respiration of phytoplankton, muds, and bacteria by which oxygen is taken up. Other organisms present in the pond including fish also take up oxygen, but to a smaller extent than phytoplankton. A summary of approximate gains and losses of dissolved oxygen in a typical pond is shown here. The importance of phytoplankton's role in both gains and losses is easily seen. The processes of photosynthesis and respiration by phytoplankton alternate between night and day. That is, photosynthesis requires sunlight and only occurs during the day. At night, photosynthesis ceases and respiration is a dominant process. This results in fluctuations of pond oxygen levels from day to night. As this graph shows, oxygen reaches its lowest level shortly before dawn due to respiration throughout the night. As sunlight reaches the phytoplankton, photosynthesis occurs and causes oxygen levels to peak shortly before dark. In ponds with heavy plankton blooms, a die-off may occur which will cause a sudden depletion of dissolved oxygen. As shown in the graph, dissolved oxygen concentrations suddenly dropped immediately after the die-off of plankton and remain low for several days. Die-offs such as this occur mainly during hot, calm weather in ponds with heavy blooms. In this situation, a large fish kill can be expected unless corrective measures are immediately undertaken. Clotty weather will also result in decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations due to reduced photosynthesis by phytoplankton. As shown in the graph, as clotty weather persists for several days, dissolved oxygen concentrations decrease. Extremely windy weather or heavy rains may cause turnover or mixing of a pond resulting in mixing of deoxygenated bottom waters with those throughout the pond which may also cause reduced oxygen content. Measurements of dissolved oxygen may be made with a portable oxygen meter or with a kit. The kit method is more time consuming but it is less expensive. For a description of testing methods and corrective measures regarding dissolved oxygen, see video tapes 2 and 3 in this series. To correct low oxygen levels, a variety of aeration devices are available. Each aerator is different in price and performance. To select the one best suited for your needs, contact your county extension agent. Carbon dioxide. Although carbon dioxide diffuses much more rapidly from air to water and vice versa than does oxygen, water levels of this gas are usually low due to its small atmospheric concentration. However, in some cases dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations may increase considerably. Most common sources of high carbon dioxide are some types of well water, ponds after a plankton die off, or water in ponds covered by ice. If well water high in carbon dioxide is pumped directly into the pond, carbon dioxide levels may increase. Ideally, a spray valve or other device should be placed on the well head to allow water to spray and lose carbon dioxide. Fish can tolerate relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide, but tolerance is reduced in the presence of low oxygen. Also, during periods of high carbon dioxide, the pH is usually low. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide concentrations are usually high when oxygen is low. For example, at night, carbon dioxide levels are greatest due to production of carbon dioxide by phytoplankton respiration. At the same time, oxygen levels are low due to respiration as well. However, maintaining adequate oxygen levels usually prevents carbon dioxide toxicity in this case. It is wise to initially test your water source for carbon dioxide levels. Carbon dioxide can be reduced by application of hydrated lime. However, care should be taken not to raise pH too high, causing fish kills. Testing procedures and corrective measures regarding carbon dioxide will be discussed in Video Tape 3 of this series. Hydrogen Sulfide Hydrogen sulfide may be present in some water sources. Although highly toxic to fish, this gas is rarely a problem in freshwater pond culture. However, toxicity of hydrogen sulfide increases as pH decreases. Therefore, in ponds which have acidic waters and well-supplies with increased hydrogen sulfide, problems occur. Hydrogen sulfide is also more of a problem in saltwater ponds. Limeing to increase pH in this case will usually solve this problem by increasing the buffering capacity of the water, thereby stabilizing pH. Hydrogen sulfide has a distinctive rotten egg smell and may be easily detected in this manner. For further testing, consult your county extension agent. Plankton The establishment of a planktonic community is essential to successful fish production. Plankton, which consists of microscopic plants and animals, provides a food base for the pond, regulates many water quality parameters such as oxygen and pH, and prevents the growth of large aquatic plants. To establish a planktonic community, fertilization is normally required after total alkalinity and hardness are brought into suitable ranges. Fertilizer may be distributed on a platform in the pond such as this. In fed ponds, fertilization may be unnecessary because of nutrients produced by feeding. A rule of thumb on desirable bloom levels in ponds is to fertilize when a white object can be seen through the water at a 30-inch depth. If the object cannot be seen at a 30-inch depth, no fertilization is needed. If you have questions regarding fertilization, contact your county extension agent. Aquatic plants Aquatic plants may become problems in some ponds. Large areas of the pond may be covered by dense growth of a variety of these plants, which may restrict harvesting, fishing, and deplete nutrients from the pond. As mentioned, plankton will reduce growth of aquatic plants. This is due to the shading effect of plankton, which prevents adequate amounts of light to reach the bottom. Shallow edges and standing timber will increase aquatic weed growth. The edges may have to be deepened and strips of vegetation removed to alleviate problems. In some cases, however, chemical control or weed-eating fish may be used. Consult your county extension agent for more information on the use of chemicals in weed-eating fish such as tilapia and grass carp. Turbidity Turbid water contains suspended materials which interfere with the passage of light. As mentioned, plankton interferes with light passage and this is desirable. However, turbidity resulting from clay or other substances is not desirable as it restricts the growth of plankton. To control turbidity due to clay or organic substances, contact your county extension agent. To alleviate turbidity problems, the watershed may have to be stabilized, livestock and bottom-disturbing fish such as bullheads or mudcats removed, or compounds such as alum may have to be added. Pollutants As mentioned earlier, some water sources may contain pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals and other substances. Unfortunately, the best way to detect if pollutants exist in your water is the presence of dead fish. If fish kills occur for unexplained reasons, consult your county extension agent immediately. You will have to know what potential compounds may be in the water supply to have testing done. Considerations for flow-through systems Water quality in flow-through systems such as holding troughs is dependent on the quality of the source. Minimum total alkalinity and total hardness are usually adequate since most producers do not hold fish for extended periods of time. Sufficient oxygen may be maintained through the use of air blowers or bottle oxygen. By spraying incoming water through valves, carbon dioxide is liberated and additional aeration is achieved. Problems with hydrogen sulfide and other compounds such as iron may be removed by aeration. However, more sophisticated measures may have to be taken in some cases. Remember, the key to successful fish production is good water quality. Hopefully, this tape will enable you to choose a quality water source or manage an existing one. Also, remember to contact your county extension agent or aquaculture specialist when problems occur.


This message is from your local police department, and has been confirmed as genuine by local and national authorities. Several reports have been filed throughout the county of unusual criminal activity. Please take close attention to this alert to ensure your safety. This unusual criminal activity is an individual spotted along various sections of the highway, who is believed to have killed at least 25, 25, civilians. This individual is capable of moving at extreme speeds through unknown means, but seemingly only moves well and observed. If you encounter this individual, you must maintain eye contact and back away quickly. Do not look away, do not even blink. Police are searching intensely for this individual, and appreciate any information any citizen can provide which will lead to their location and capture. Thank you for your cooperation. L-S-C-P-E, keeping Lissacra County safe.


You know all good streaks must come to an end and I can definitely tell that my eBay streak of getting lucky on CRT deliveries has finally come to an end and it's really really unfortunate because in this box is one of the rarest CRTs that I've found even available and I was surprised to find one For sale. I did buy this from again eBay and it was a Canadian seller so it came through customs and one of the first questions I've asked when I Purchased this or before I even purchased it was can you ship this to the United States safely? I was reassured absolutely. Yes, and I could tell when I saw it that it's it's going to be a mess because I got the CRT not a bag of marbles If I shake it it sounds like there's marbles rumbling around in there So let's open it up and see what's actually happened. Just start here at the top of the box Homemade box here single layer. We all know the rules about single-layer boxes They have a high fail rate It's the truth So let's See what we're looking at It's not even It's just a homemade box couldn't even get a regular Again fresh box for this this seam was busted and that's Definitely going to affect the integrity I had a chance to get one of these Last year that was the all-white version that was actually working For less than the price I paid for this one and I passed it up and I don't know why There's pieces of plastic in there. Oh, yeah, we've got smashed bezels Smashed everything. Yeah, this was This was a very big failure Very big failure indeed All right. Well this This is the monitor. Let's get a little closer. This is a Panasonic AG 550 from 1989 And I mean it is just trashed. Look at that.  I'll show you pictures from the listing I thought, you know, it was showing it working said that the head heads need to be replaced or cleaned But we're not even going to get Probably an opportunity to do anything with this because I'm not even going to power this on This needs to be turned into eBay or the seller can just Refund me after I show them some pictures of this. I just wanted to show that man. It's finally run out My luck has finally Run out and as I said, I really wish it would have been on something else and not this Not this one. Dang Such a disappointment But hey, it happens something like this. I won't even like bargain I mean not not anything. I'll just I need a full refund I paid over 200 bucks plus shipping for it and it was in good condition In the listing but now it's just It's heartbreaking. Oh Goodness such a heartbreak. What do you think? What do you think are you as probably not as distraught as I am but it's definitely a disappointment Because these are so hard to find and the only thing that's like of any value now is probably this push button Front flap to be honest because everything else is cracked or broken This is all one solid piece of plastic The bezel and everything see it's all cracked internally and pushed in And then this is popping off and Got a big crack here in the cover So we're definitely gonna be returning this one, but goodness dark on it Dog gone it Right bird is just doll gone it Anyway That's the unfortunate tale for today. I will see you guys next time with some more retro content


I saw on the internet the street, the original Street Fighter 1, I don't know if this isn't even when you're too young, who doesn't know this, but the original Street Fighter 1 had two buttons, Punch and Kick, and they were pneumatic, like you had to punch them, and so jab, you would hit it a little bit, and then you had to hit it really hard, and it really was not good, that's why they got rid of it, people hurting themselves. It's way worse than you're imagining, it's not like that fist of the North Star game where you're like punching up at something, it's just two big buttons like down here. Yeah, you can Google it to see what it looks like, but like I had heard that that was a thing, but I never saw it in my real life. I had seen Street Fighter 1 cabinets and they always had six buttons, and I was like, well what happened to this rumored, you know, hardness button thing? Some guy on the internet found and, you know, scrounged up and recreated a cabinet to the best of visibility, it might be the only one that works, right?


I ain't even about to play with y'all Ravens.  What's going on the same graven here with another video and in this video It just seems like we going backwards almost because of course it came out last night at the Browns They want to sign Jadavian Clowney. They expected to sign Jadavian Clowney They're trying to bring him in for a second visit today and trying to get this thing done today but from Jeremy Fowler just came out that The Colts are among teams keeping tabs on Jadavian Clowney But there was another team also keeping tabs on Jadavian Clowney that being the Baltimore Ravens To the Ravens and Colts among teams keeping tabs on Jadavian Clowney But Browns have been the most aggressive to try to get something done Clowney opted against Cleveland last offseason But this time feels different now What this also sounds like you know who this is benefiting the most is Jadavian Clowney Because if the Ravens and the Colts they still keeping tabs on them, so they still watching out for and they still trying to see what's going on with them That means for the Browns a really for Jadavian Clowney period His market is slowly rising. It's slowly rising and Y'all know how I feel about Jadavian Clowney especially being a Ravens fan. I It's a move that I wanted to have in a long time ago. I would have loved for the Ravens to get Jadavian Clowney Yes, I know the injury history. I know it.  He's cool He ain't the best pass rusher in the world But he ain't gotta be but he would definitely bring a lot more speed to the Ravens at the pass rush position Then they've had recently Would he be the end all be all to the pass rush? No, not at all But he could help set the edge and he could help drive back. He can do different things, man So I do still expect him to um to sign with the Cleveland Browns. I expect them to get it done Now with Jadavian Clowney one thing with the Ravens keeping tabs on him one thing that I will be concerned about And well two things actually and two reasons I don't expect them to assign Jadavian Clowney would be one The price tag because again, like we said this with Ravens and Colt still would it be and put out there that they're still watching him and This is something that the Browns probably already know Their front office probably already knows that Jadavian Clown like the other teams are keeping tabs on him It might be even more But with those other teams keeping tabs on him like I said it drives his market up But another reason why I think the Ravens won't sign him compics Compics and and this is where it gets very tricky now me. I understand the Ravens They've been the leaders we're getting the most compics ever since the comp pick formula came out. I get that I understand that I respect that But sometimes it just seems like Ravens just value these picks so much That they're not willing to take that chance It seems like and it's not every time sometimes they do take chances now But other times it can be like man These dudes just want to hold on to all these comp picks so much that They'll pass up an opportunity on getting a player because they don't want it to they don't want to lose that on a comp pick and I just I got said it's tricky There's no right or wrong answer for it But it just is what it is because some of those comp picks have really worked out. I think Sam cook was a comp pick There was some other people too. I think Pernel McPhee. He was a comp pick We can go down the list another time But there were some comp picks that really end up working out and other times they just didn't but that's that would be the same way With signing somebody When you sign somebody and if they count against the comp pick formula sometimes it could work out sometimes it might not That's just the business of the NFL that it is just what it is so I just I don't know man I just it's a very tricky spot to be in for the Baltimore Ravens So they're scheduled to bring in Justin Houston on Tuesday. That's still on for now with Judevian Clowney I don't expect anything to happen, but it is nice to know that they keeping tabs on it But it was said a Late last week that they really were exploring the free agent Past Russia position This is Judevian. They didn't say who else they wanted to bring in I know Jeff Zrebek did say that they still wanted to bring in some other names But he didn't list who those names were he just listed the people that are out there right now that they could possibly Have some interest in and he named the David Clowney care again Who else was out there to Justin Houston? Obviously? And it's somebody that I'm missing, but I can't think of him off the top of my head now another thing too Could this be a smokescreen? It could be It could be a smokescreen and one of the reasons I think it could be a smokescreen is because If they're keeping tabs on you that not last year, it certainly wasn't no smokescreen They like they wanted Judevian Clowney and they were ready to do that Chris Paul Lakers NBA trade That got vetoed and shut down They were ready to do something like that with the Jacksonville Jaguars because if you if y'all remember Ravens they wanted Judevian Clowney, but they didn't have the money for them So what they were gonna do is have the Jacksonville Jaguars sign him and then have the Jacksonville Jaguars trade Judevian Clowney to the Ravens So that would have been crazy man But they ran it by the league and the league said no what they should have done is just done it They should have just done it if they would have just done it we couldn't do nothing about it They couldn't stop the signing and they couldn't stop the trade So the Jaguars would have ate the bonus and the Ravens would have traded them I guess picks and players and whatnot, but obviously that didn't go through But so it wasn't a smokescreen last year because Ravens they were they were all in but now one reason I say it could possibly be a smokescreen is because you know, they're bringing in Justin Houston and just the timing of this the Timing is everything They're bringing in Justin Houston Justin Houston is the free agent if he knows that he's going into the Baltimore Ravens And he knows that they're keeping tabs on Judevian Clowney This could really push him to really want to sign even more be like oh, well they looking at him too. No, no, no I'm better Look at my numbers. Look at my career Look what I've done even recently. Look what I've done He what has he done recently? Whatever he's done recently is certainly isn't better than me. No these dudes They need to want me and I want them to want me and I'm gonna show them. I'm in great shape I got a great resume. I'm very consistent. I got that over Judevian Clowney Why would they be even still watching him when I'm coming in? So that puts that pressure on him to be like, oh, I got to really show out for these guys And I have to make sure that I do not leave there without a deal Now again, we're Justin Houston the compic formula same thing compic formula And that's the that's the thing that worries me the most about this whole thing Whether it's Judevian Clowney, whether it's Justin Houston, whether it's Ryan Carey or whether it's whoever it might be the compic formula So it's a possibility. It's not likely because we like what are we 17 days away from the draft something like that But it's a possibility even though it's not likely that all these guys if Ravens want to stay true to this compic formula They don't want to lose anymore It's a possibility that all of those guys are gone Okay, even though Karrigan hasn't been getting any noise recently It's a possibility that they're all gonna know because you know every single year When these guys names when people find out that teams are interested in these guys. That's when the market starts buzzing That's when it starts buzzing. We ain't been hearing nothing about Judevian Clowney nothing Only thing we have been hearing about is that he was getting healthy. That's it But all of a sudden oh browns bringing in Judevian or they brought him in for a visit like a week ago But now we hear about browns bringing them in again for another visit Oh, and now we hear about the Colts and the Ravens also keeping tabs on him to coincidence. No, I think not it happens every year So then we're Justin Houston again The I could see the same thing happening with him to Ravens bringing them in for a visit Oh, then don't be surprised if tomorrow we hit at somebody else interested in them as well Because those are had those things work But when that buzz is created around these players then it boosts up their market and it gets different teams more interested in so The possibilities have been them being going they raise up. Anyway, we'll see what happens time is ticking So I will keep you all posted as we find out anything and I know y'all will keep me posted to team keeping clean I love y'all. I appreciate y'all and we out