Welcome everyone to this live stream session at the World Economic Forum and your meeting 2024. We're looking at net zero industries. I'm Juliet Mann, an anchor at CGTN and the host of Talk Show The Agenda. And I'm delighted to be here with you. We're going to be talking about how manufacturers are going to be able to collectively harness new technology, new innovation to to really navigate the green transition sustainably, but at the same time to maintain growth because you know what, this is a sector that accounts for one-fifth of global carbon emissions and it uses about half of the world's fossil fuels, their energy. So even though going green is the buzz of the boardroom and a lot of commitments have been made on that journey to net zero, only one in two companies is on target to meet their goals. Now, if you in the audience here that think that's not good enough and you'd like to know what we can do about it. Well, you are all in the right place. So what is holding manufacturers back? Well, there's a bunch of technical, financial and organisational stuff. Access to information can be limited. And as we'll hear, many industrial companies are realising that not that they can't do it alone, but that it makes more business sense to partner up and collaborate along every step of the supply chain. So what we're going to do is we're going to look at the good practices. We're going to look at the new technology and the innovation that's out there, and we're going to pinpoint what needs to happen next. And by the way, this session is linked to the industry net zero accelerator initiative at the World Economic Forum Centre for Advanced Manufacturing and Supply Chains. And if you want some bedtime reading, the latest white paper on this is the No Excuses Opportunities to Tackle Scope Three Emissions in Manufacturing and Value Chains. And what happens here is going to shape the strategy of this initiative in the year ahead. So it's important stuff, important stuff. So we've got lots to talk about and at the end there's going to be a chance for all of you in the audience to ask your questions. So get thinking. I'm going to introduce you to our panel. Really excited to have all of you here. First of all, we have Gwen Isuette, who is the Executive Vice President of Europe Operations at Schneider Electric in France. And she's also a World Economic Forum Young Global Leader. We've got Holger Klein, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of ZF Group, recently back in Germany after a long stint in China. And he's also part of the Alliance of CEO Climate Leaders. Another one of those is Bran Cheng, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Foxconn Industrial Internet from China. And here we have Martin Lundstedt, the President and Chief Executive Officer of Volvo, Sweden, another one who's part of the Alliance of CEO Climate Leaders. So first, I think we need to set the scene. Where does the manufacturing sector currently stand on the path to net zero? Bran, let's start with you. All right. So actually, if we look at the manufacturing segment, it is a supply chain. Actually, it will present about 30% of greenhouse carbon emissions. So it's a lot of challenges, especially for SME, because data transparency might involve with cost, might involve with technology challenges, a lot of barriers. So I think the collaboration will become very important. A couple of points you should raise up. One is the policy and regulation, which means in each region maybe requires some standard and incentive of the regulation for you to follow up. Second thing is like financial and investment. So it's still very challenging to mention the cost or the concern in the business, right? So I think in the manufacturing segment, we probably need more financial entity to invest and also have some financial support to let them do the digitalization to make the data transparency. Number three, probably is like R&D. R&D by the research and development and the new technologies to resolve the issue we are facing. So somehow we still need a leader in each industry. Four is risk management platform, which we need to build a common platform so everybody can follow the standards I mentioned. Like that. So as a joint effort, I build a showcase first, then with a new technology moving along and gradually we can hit the commitment for the net zero. Eventually like that, that's my observation. Well, we were talking before Martin and Holger was saying that you are leading the industry in the way you're bringing all the suppliers with you. How would you say that the big picture is for manufacturing on that path to net zero? But I think we have of course been working with these topics for a long period of time, not at least when it comes to scope one and scope two. Just to give one data point, I mean our biggest operation in Europe, that is our regent operation for truck assembly in Belgium, became fossil free net zero in 2008. So the scope one and scope two journey and also when it comes to buying energy etc. has been ongoing for a long period of time. We know how to do it and its execution if I put it like that. The big thing that is happening now is the discussion around scope three and that is really positive for everyone in the value chain. Because what is happening is that if you take Volvo as an example, 2040, we should deliver everything fossil free, which is a huge undertaking, means that we need to have material change 25, 2030, given the fact that we are a 55 billion company in 190 countries. And that means that drive of the scope three that represents almost 90 plus percent of our emissions is just a joint effort. And what we are doing now, both downstream and not at least upstream, then when it comes to the manufacturing that represent maybe 70 percent of our added value is to actually partner up with our key partners when it comes to the tier one structure, because they can also lead the way to supporting us for their partners and their partners upstream. And this is a big shift also when it comes to the the traditional relation between people in the value chain that has been rather transactional moving to a much more of a partnership structure. So Andrea Forde, for example, our chief purchasing officer is really driving a cultural change on how do we source? How do we actually transmit the message in order to get that journey going? And how do we actually take a leading in some cases in order to really get the needed moving also ready to play a premium if needed already to co-invest to make it happen, etc. So the scope three matter here is the big shift. And that is because everyone talks about ecosystems, but at the end of the day, ecosystem must be meaningful and the ecosystem in the complete value chain is a very, very meaningful ecosystem in order to get to net zero. So it's not enough just to say, right, this is Volvo's goal for 2024, you need to reach out, you need everyone to be on the same page and to be able to take those steps as well. So when I, let's talk about those shifts that are needed for net zero to be that engine for sustainability, but also that engine for growth. What's the outlook at Schneider Electric? Well, thank you very much. I think you have the right question because in the industrial sector, first we think about quality, we think about cost, we think about productivity, we think about, you know, delivery on time. And we question about sustainability. And what we have to showcase is that it's hand in hand. In reality, sustainability is bringing productivity. And just to give you one example, within Schneider Electric, we started journey on sustainability 20 years back. We have grown the business by four times. So it's just good for business. Yes, it's good for business. Is it easy? No, it's not easy because it's a culture shift. You have to embark, you know, the manufacturing, the industrial setup so that people are truly committed. And that's the big shift that we have to make. First, it's not really technology because technology exists. It's scaling the technology. But before that, it's really making sustainability as a priority and making sure that we walk the talk in everything that we do in an organisation. And the second element, rebounding on what you were saying earlier, is that it's not only us, is every partner's customers, suppliers, how to embark them. Just to give you one example, when we started a journey on sustainability, we wanted to embark on suppliers. So we said, let's take our 1,000 suppliers, trying to reduce that emission by 50% in 2025. Was that a condition of doing business with them? Yes, it was a condition. But we didn't know how to achieve that. And I think it's good because in sustainability, if you reach or if you determine a target that you know how to reach, you will not reinvent. And the way we're thinking about sustainability, we're thinking about business model, we're thinking the way we address manufacturing, we're thinking the way we approach suppliers. So we didn't know how to reach this target. But finally, it took like two years for us to reach out to the suppliers to embark them in the journey, to do training, because they didn't know how to calculate carbon footprint and to bring them into that direction. It's just to show that at the end of the day, it's culture beyond technology that is already existing, scaling and it's embarking suppliers and customers in this journey. So in terms of that culture beyond the technology, who is setting the tone? What best practice solutions from the private and public sector are helping make the progress to achieve that industry net zero? Let me start perhaps here in Davos. I think we have a great commitment of the leaders here in Davos who really want to make a difference with their companies. And I think the first mover Alliance is one example where we go into scope three into the verticals. For example, we as an automotive supplier to customers like Volvo, etc. We committed on on buying 10% of our global steel volume now is green steel. And what was something which was created here in Davos and all of us now went out there and asked for green steel and that creates then the capacity in the market because otherwise it doesn't make sense. There needs to be always a business logic behind it. For me, the interesting building out what Martin said is now what do we master? And where do we see our challenges? And I would say for us as a company, we by 2040 will be climate neutral. In 2030, we will have reduced our emissions in scope one and two. Everything we can influence by 80%. And for scope three, only 40% and you ask why only 40% because we need to bring the value chain along. But the proof point is now not 2040. We need to measure it really year by year. And if I look at those numbers, hey, it's only six years from now. I need to come back here and tell you it worked. And this is where we are all in it together. And I feel the momentum. This is different from what we have perhaps seen a couple of years ago. Now, asking the question, what does it take? So I give you an example. My headquarter is just two hours north from here at beautiful Lake Constance. And if you are out for tourism, it's beautiful. Come and visit. But unfortunately, it's a very remote area. And we have major sized component factories there. So what I need now is infrastructure. I need green energy. I need the investments into green energy. I need hydrogen. And if you think about the map, probably it's not on top of the agenda of the guys who plan the infrastructure now to connect through the southern. That's the town where I have my headquarter. So there's lots to be done in public-private partnerships to create the infrastructure. And regulation-wise, we see a huge diversity, you know, where in China, for example, it's technology open. Do whatever it takes to bring the carbon footprint down. In Europe, we have a lot more regulation. And some of that is very, very complicated and perhaps even misleading. And so perhaps we need to become less complex in that. So I want to talk more about that. What's holding everyone back? Because you're talking and you're all chiming in with each other about how it's important for companies to talk to each other all along the supply chain. But Martin, what about what governments are doing? What policy measures are actively supporting this transition? And what could do better? Who could do better? No, but I think, I mean, it's fair to say that we have seen a number of legislations that have been highly both efficient and effective. If I look at our sector, for example, the euro norms, as we know with euro one, euro two, euro three for emissions, not at least and for the close by emissions, nox particulate matters have played a very important role. And now we are down to levels that are, so to speak, extremely low. And we've had a discussion about the next step. And then when you've had a successful journey, you tend to hold on to that. The thing is that the big shift now is going into purely fossil free solutions. When you, as a spin off effect, get also zero nox and particulate matters. And what I think is a big ask is to continue to, I mean, push regulation in the direction where we want to go, but also the complex when it doesn't make sense anymore, because we have a tendency to add and not to do the cleaning. And I mean, it's like a corporation. We know that from time to time you need to prune the portfolio in terms of product lines, businesses, geography, whatever. We need to prune the regulatory portfolio because otherwise we will not see the forest through all the trees. And the forest here is a net zero journey that is absolutely necessary. And then we need to make sure that we are concentrating on that. So that is number one. Number two, if I take the complete deployment now of because scope three, what is beautiful about that is everyone will come to logistics. You know, everyone has to address logistics and it could be 6 percent of your top line or your emissions. It could be 20 percent, it could be 4 percent. Doesn't matter. Everyone has to do that. The interesting piece about that is that you think about, yes, I have a truck here electric or hydrogen powers, fuel cell powered electric or whatever. That is also free. That is the equipment. But that needs to be times. And I deliberately say times infrastructure, times grid capacity, times green energy, times reasonable CSO in terms of carbon price and reasonable because it's times and all plus because if any one of those are zero, it is zero. That is mathematical proved that these times, right? And that we need to think about. And Europe in particular has not have an intentful view on their balance sheet. In terms of energy systems, in terms of infrastructure, in terms of digital built out, in terms of a lot of different things. When we look at countries and regions like China, Korea, Singapore, it's a completely and many more. It's a completely different view on how does the balance sheet look like in order to host this. We need to come back to that discussion. But the political system for many different reasons that we cannot take today has not been able to do that because I mean, someone said wisely yesterday, we know what is right to do, but we don't know how to be re-elected when we do it. And I think that is a very good way of putting it. And they also need quite a lot of funding to be able to do that. So I wonder if something that could help us maybe new technology. So let's talk about that, Gwen Iel. So the emerging technologies that are really demonstrating that promising potential to help us on this journey. Yes, well, in terms of technology, I think that everybody in this forum are talking today about AI, generative AI, et cetera. And we may think about some applications, but this is also applicable for net zero industry from the manufacturing. And we have to realize that there are plenty of application. Most of the time it starts with the hardware. But then with the hardware, we connect the hardware and with AI, we have plenty of use cases. And that's the power of it. That's the beauty of it because each use case is developed, you know, on a regular basis. So we improve, you know, the production plant. We have more IoT embedded, et cetera. And that's how we develop the industry 4.0. And on that front, I would like to highlight that we have been awarded by the Water Kick Forum Lighthouse, which is very famous, I would say, collaborative network across the Water Kick Forum highlighted that our plant in India, which is Iberabad, has been awarded for that because of all of the IoT inside, et cetera, aiming to reduce the consumption for energy. This is very important. Exactly. By more than 57 percent, and reducing the waste by more than 60 percent. At the end of the day, it's reduction, of course, et cetera. And everything is based first on hardware, but then its software, its AI. And this is where we will see more and more development, more connected products, more efficiency, more applications. Brantone, do you agree, is this and is this how AI is going to set the agenda? Well, yeah, I get something to share with you. For AI, it's so attractive and exciting recently, right? So actually, facing the beauty of AI also we look back what's the impact?  We used to use air cooling, right? But air cooling cannot sustain for like every GPU come with more than 400 watts, right? So you have tons of GPU together. So you are going to offer an entire city to support computing power. Are you going to do that? No. So technology works. So now we come up with a new material, as an example, in the semiconductor segment, the silicon carbide, the third generation of new material, which have a better thermal consumption, better thermal dissipation, lower power consumption. To lower down the power consumption. Second thing is it uses a different approach for cooling, which is going to be liquid cooling system. You know, in addition, what's famous is the immersion cooling. Liquid cooling probably is going to be more popular. So which reduce, so we talk about how to approach this. One is reduce. Reduce is reduce all this kind of power consumption. In addition to that, we have some showcase how to reduce this. Example, like we have global factories, lots of air conditioners. So you're right. So it was a lot of power if you don't upgrade your air condition systems, which applies a lot of IoT systems to come with the data, make sure the data transparency. Then you can buy by means of the AI power, computing power, then with the data you have, then you can come out with the AI to help you to save. So like 2024, probably we're going to save more than 1.3 million kilowatt per hour. And also, the second thing is you can do is not only reduce, also replace with renewable energy or recycled material. As you may know, FI is doing a lot of high-precision mechanical, like CNC, aluminum. In automotive industry, the same, right? So we use a lot of recycled aluminum. So we see the achievement of saving like more than more than 2,800 R&B per ton of the recycled material. And renewable energy, for sure. It also required the ROI for this, right? But more important is to resolve, as I mentioned, new technologies. You use new material, you use new approach of technologies. Then you can make sure the beauty of AI. Otherwise AI use more power, which is going to offer a lot of power. So as a close-up system, you do not only think about the beauty, also you need some solution to balance it. Then you can realize but very important, the framework. As we mentioned that either government or enterprise, like when we in China, the government has a very supportive strength to support us to set up the standard. Like we already passed, hit the carbon peak in 2022 and we're going to finish the new energy, you know, new level of energy by 2035 and it's going to reach in 2050. So all these require lots of collaboration with industries, with governments. So we set a standard and so our scope three, the suppliers know where we want to go. Everything back to the business interest. If the criteria is there, they don't hit, they can lost business. So there is a business interest, so they can incentive to drive themself to meet these. So I touched to that, I tell them, now it's not just an activity or a goal. It's a competitiveness. It's really great. This right inside of your bond cost, your material, is a thing about this. Let me build on this. I think two examples from our industry. First of all, you design the carbon footprint into the product. What does that mean? If you don't start with a product design, you will unwillingly increase the carbon footprint. I give you an example. We now presented a magnet-free electric engine. What does that mean? If you look at the production and the value chain of magnets, that accounts for 50% of the carbon footprint for an electric engine. If you just replace that by an inductive technology, then you can do without. So it starts with our designers and their innovation makes really major steps to solve the problem. And then I go to the other side of the cycle, remanufacturing. And I think for us, circularity becomes more and more important. And it's a super business. We have more than 2,000 people remanufacturing transmissions and other components in over 20 plants worldwide. And I tell you, these remanufactured transmissions are even better than the new ones because certain things you can exclude, like material failure or things like this, this transmission already ran for a while and is as good as new. So it's a business and it saves you another 90 years. Is it saving you money or is it more expensive? Because it's one thing having all of this new technology that's going to increase sustainability. But what about growing your business, too? So growing the business is, of course, on the side where we design the new products. But the aftermarket and the remanufacturing is a growth area for us. Because otherwise, we don't solve our problems in the value chain. Yeah, just to mention that on remanufacturing, we are working together on that, holding on to myself. But we are also doing that. And we see an increasing interest. So it's also, which is very important to your point, is an attitude change also that I'm into taking remanufactured engine or transmission or turbo or whatever. It's actually seen differently than it used to be only five years ago, both because we can actually prove with data that it's actually functioning equally good or, in some cases, better. And talking about growth, this is growth. Because otherwise, it should have just been scrapped. Now it's coming into the cycle again. So that is a business case that is very positive. And if you think about it, if we can dream for a little bit and say, OK, we will have a more global price of CO2, we'll make that model even more attractive. It's already attractive because more and more companies and customers downstream, they are incorporating also the cost of CO2 into their sourcing decisions, which is very, very positive, obviously. Yeah, let's show you about growth. Yeah, so one example for your reference is the first time industrial internet was listed in Shanghai Asia in 2018. At the moment, we have revenue like $50 billion. And also, we come with like 190,000 employees globally. Five years passed. In 2022, we finish $71 billion, which is more than 40% growth. And our hiccups still remain at $190,000. That's because we drive the digitalization binding with the ESG. So first time group, we are driving an equation for SDG, the Sustainable Development Goal, which is equal to EPS plus ESG. Actually, EPS and ECESG, that couple of you mentioned, is complementary. I agree. If you took part of your cost, right, competitiveness, then back to us, if you look at this, we increase the data transparency. So when we do plan-do-check action, then we know how to collect action, collect data, become the analysis. You can divide analysis, right? At the end, you have action for conquer, right? So this makes yourself very clear. And one methodology is build a showcase, then put the whole thing with the milestone you have. Also, in the supply chain, the CEO goal, they follow you. So enterprise like us, you know, frankly, in the industry, we also take a leading position. We need to lead the entire supply chain equal to follow us. Then every industry do the same thing. Then at the end, we will reach the goal. So it's being part of the ecosystem and doing it all together. So I mean, Gwena, what? So just maybe one point to rebound and to expand a little bit on the concept of circularity. OK. Because when we talk about circularity, we are talking a lot about re-manufacturing, which is super good. We have been awarded also by the Lighthouse from the Water King Forum for circularity. It is totally new business model. And it's also a change of mindset, believe it. So many people want to have brand new stuff. They don't want to reuse stuff. They want brand new stuff. So it's a change of mindset. But this is not only re-manufacturing. It's also in our vision of circularity, it's end to end, meaning it's use better. First, we need to use better. It's transparency. So it's premium. It's eco-design. It's everything embedded into a product so that at the end of the day, the consumers knows what they are buying. It's trust, transparency, and environmental performance. Use better. Then it's use longer. How to use longer product? Lifetime extension. How to make sure that we don't replace the wall equipment but just the part that is deficient? This is repair, maintenance models, et cetera. This is the second pillar. And then we have the recycling. And for which it is also super critical, because energy transition is consuming lots of raw materials. If we want to keep the path of development, we need to reuse the raw material. And that's where it comes recycling. But I think circularity. It's the whole ecosystem from use better, use longer, use again. And it's where we can track the momentum. It's not easy because regulation and market is not always ready for it. Everybody here is talking about what their company is doing and how they think they're making a change. But I'm wondering, Holger, where would you like to see more strategic partnerships? What's missing here that could really change the pace and accelerate this journey to net zero sustainably while maintaining growth? There might be some points. I pick one. And I would say, digital and sustainable need to go hand in hand. And what do I mean? There are initiatives, like we are driving as industries, Cartena X, where we are trying to measure the footprint throughout the value chain. And what would that give us? I would have a bottle like this, and I could tell you from the iron ore to the logistics, to the glass, what is the carbon footprint of this bottle? And then I could price it. And I could tell you, now you are doing good because you now pay 20 cents more. But you are very conscious that you have a green product. And this is cross stakeholder, cross value chain. And that's digital. And I think that's something where we can become better. Some of us got started. I need to let these guys into my factory because they can see my data. So in former times, it was a no go. How can I let Martin know what the real cost of manufacturing my plant is? But this is not the point. We partner in a way that he knows exactly what the carbon footprint looks like. I try to do that with my suppliers. And you can take out so many inefficiencies in the supply chain that it becomes a business model again. So short answer, digital, this kind of cross value chain connection. Martin, do you have a short answer? Now, a short answer on that. Just to build on a very good example for us. If you look at the whole battery value chain, for example, we know that on the truck side, since trucks are used, passenger cars are not used. They are used 3% of the available time, as we know. So the battery will last over the whole life cycle, probably. But for a truck, they are utilized 8% of the available time, meaning that if you can track that in real time, what has been the behavior, what has been the cyclicality, et cetera, you can have a very informed decision about, so to speak, what do you do by that when you're taking it out from the truck and utilizing that for a second life and eventually for recycling. Because that is extending the life cycle. But it's also giving a guarantee in because trust is the ultimate human currency. And in order to do that, you need to say, OK, this is what the battery has been all about. Now we can utilize for stationary power or power grid, et cetera. So that is really how the power of connectivity into IoT then and into, so to speak, informed facts that you can utilize them even more forceful than with different levels of AI to take real time decisions that will actually stand alive and make, so to speak, the use cases even better for the first customer and the second customer. So digitalization for sure. So digitalization, circular economy, talking to each other more. I mean, we've had some really interesting themes come up here. And I'm wondering now if we can open this up to the audience, if anyone in our audience has got a question for any of our panelists.  Be the first person. Well, while you're... Glory to the grid. Well, tell you what, I'll do the first question, and then maybe somebody will be brave enough to put their hand up. I think what I want to talk to you about more, Gwanael, is the Centre for Advanced Manufacturing and Supply Chairs, and how useful it's been for your business, this accelerator initiative. Has it opened your eyes? Has it given you new connections so that you could forge new partnerships? Yeah, that's a very good question. So first, what we wanted to do is to be exemplary in our manufacturing footprint. We have today 70 plants that are net zero, and we target to be carbon neutral by 2025, so very short time frame. So it means that we operate today in all our different geographies, in digitization, electrification, sustainability, all embedded. When we're doing that for ourselves, it's also a showcase, but, you know, throughout the journey, we have ups and downs. It's not easy, as I was mentioning, in terms of technology, business model, cultural shift, in terms of relationship with suppliers, green materials, for example. How to get green materials today? Not that easy, not mature yet. So what I think is the beauty of the initiative is to connect the dots, to share what we are going through, including sometimes it's difficult, but we share that across the board, and therefore we can be more meaningful. We can step-by-step make progress, and that's how we would achieve these targets. One example, again, on green material, we have an objective, is to have 50% of green materials embedded in our products by 2025. Not easy, so we need to connect dots. We need to have lots of discussion with many suppliers that are shaping the industry of the future, in terms of material efficiency, et cetera. So this is something that is really meaningful in this kind of environment. Pranjeeva. Taking a chance, I want to share about the experience of a lighthouse factory as well. A lot of people think about the advantages of a lighthouse factory, is going to drive your operation efficiency. Yeah, answer is two, but not only. Actually, we also see the effect in energy management. Energy management and security management. So because you digitize everything, so you can combine all the together, and with the human-centric automation with the AI factory, you know. So because automation investment also huge KPEX, right? It also involves your cost. So you can, with the lighthouse network program, it means you build a showcase. A company like us, we are hopefully in 14 countries. Am I going to build every country from zero? No. I better have a showcase. So I can share. I can clone. So I can do title market. Investor is going to challenge me if I do everything from zero, right? Impossible, especially we are ruling into the emerging countries. They may not have a so mature infrastructure. So the only way is to build a showcase for you to practice. This is internally. Internally, we see another case because of this amazing capability we have. Little by our team, just last year, we held an EV company in Guangdong. You know, they, by taking away of a lighthouse approach, they have the limited space for the production. But with the digitalization, with the visualization of data, and also a couple of robots, their capacity increased from 80,000 a month to 100,000 a month. Then, because waiting for a new factory, it needs three years. You're not going to have three years to wait for market demand, right? So when market demand comes, title market, use this approach, they feed it, and they make a record high every six months. So I think this very important to tell us is you do the teddy of a digitalization, but the goal is to build human-sensory, AI-driven data to decision factory for the manufacturing. So I would encourage to use this as an example. Also, a site of effect to us. I really appreciate this effect from a lighthouse program is the whole engineers, they have one target. So they work on the same goal. So then they talk to each other and reach the same goal, and you see lots of return, which you may not imagine at the beginning. So I'd like to share this. It's like when I was talking about how the new iterations of AI are inputting and upgrading and making it different when everyone talks to each other. That's how you get there. Do we have any questions? Yes, we do. This gentleman at the front. Can you say who you are and who are your questions for? Hello. Can you hear me? You can hear me. I'm leading Vercor in battery manufacturing. The question I have is regarding the net zero title for this panel, because I heard a lot of good things regarding reducing the needs, regarding being more efficient, more electrified. But then how do you reach the remaining gap to the so-called net zero? And you haven't spoken enough setting, which was probably something that was quite hype in the past. And I'm really looking forward to understand how you lead that in your companies because reducing is great, electrifying is great. And then for the remaining bits, what do we do? Let's go around the room. Let's start with you, Holger. I mean, that's what I said in the beginning. I guess for us now, the milestones are very important. Do we reach our milestones? And the further we go, the harder it gets. I mean, scope one and two is relatively easy compared to what we discussed with scope three. And scope three has a upstream and a downstream. And we talk now a lot about the upstream, which is how do we solve, for example, the steel challenge? And my business deal is a very important resource. And this will depend now really on, do we get the capacity installed to have green steel? And that's where we act as partners now with the First Mover Alliance. And we have CEOs with a commitment to drive this forward. And this is very pragmatic. That's what I love about it. It's not PowerPoint. That's becoming real. Is this a challenge to come to the pure zero at the end in 2040? Absolutely. Eventually, some of us can even go positive in terms of being a net contributor. But it becomes always more difficult if you ask me. We need to drive the last mile, which is the most difficult together. Otherwise, we have no chance. It's like the queue to get through the security block before you get into that last bit of the journey. Martin, how about you at that last mile? No, no, but I think a great question. And I think the whole story also about really working through your CO2 footprint for real and understand that huge undertaking, by the way, and start really to see where you should go about it. Just to echo what Holger is saying about this, I mean, we need to have, it's interesting also. I mean, I've been studying together with my team also the 8, 9,000 companies that have actually signed for the Science Based Organs, including ourselves. What we see is the 2025 not super material targets to be frank. I mean, it's minus 15, minus 20 maybe. 2030 is a milestone that is super interesting because we need to have really changed the curve. And what is good about the Science Based Organs is that, I mean, you're disclosing it publicly. You're getting it approved. And you need also to disclose progress. And corporates, what is good with corporates, we hate to lose. So, and you hate to see that we are not making progress. And it's not only about the executives. It's also about the colleagues and the teams. And the teams are super excited about it. And then it will be just super hard work to go through vertical by vertical. And it will require innovation. It will require cooperation. It will require new ways of thinking about the partnerships participating earlier in the understanding of the product design together with our T1s, the T2s. We learned a lot about the semiconductor crisis, how we should actually, we worked a lot together. Now, we worked a lot together and it was to fix the shortage. But we learned also that we need to connect the dots completely different, also for innovation. What nodes are we talking about? So, yeah, there is no shortcut at the end of the day. This is the 100% and it must be 0%. So, no shortcuts. That's a good one to take home with us. I'd like to quickly go around the room. I'd like a last word from each of you. I want you to share one thing that you would like to see global multi-stakeholder community do to help push going greener, cleaner more quickly. So, who wants to keep this off? How about you, Brand? In a nutshell, 20 seconds. All right, so I think to share the information is very important. So, the new era is we use a new approach to resolve all the issues. So, new technology and the new capability each enterprise has to build up. You cannot forget when you are resolving all the issues, forget to bring up the new capability. As I mentioned, like a server, okay? We are doing a cooling system, which we never do. We are working with Schneider together to build a nice cooling system, to build a new business, then we resolve the issue, other than just reduce or repress, but also resolve, that's important. Resolve and share information, Martin. Now, I think, I mean, this is a systemic change. We are moving from a brown, fossil-based platform to a green platform that requires a system change, a coordinated shift. My ask would be that everyone, and this is a big ask, actually take the time to reflect about the holistic view about the systemic change, but also understand where can I participate in that systemic change and do that well to execute? So, we are not actually sitting and saying, we didn't do our part because they didn't do our part, but you need to understand holistic to execute on the details. Gwenn Ayel. Well, I think the more we can talk about technologies that are already existing, the better it is, because if we want to realize the 1.5-degree scenarios, in reality, 75% of the technologies already exist. It's just not well-known. In one example, I bet that we ask the question of people, and people will say, renewable energy production, energy production, in reality, there is a bulk of technology on efficiency, and this is where we need to communicate even more. So, I think technology just advocating for technology that are already existing. Really quickly. Cross-stakeholder sharing of digital data. Digital data. Well, this has been a really exciting and insightful panel. Thank you, all of you, for taking part, and thank you to the audience too. You've been great. And if you want to dive deeper into this, into understanding the impact of digital technologies and sustainable transformation for NetZero as well as collaborations on supply change, and I hope you'll be part of it, do continue to keep watching what's going on at the World Economic Forum and continue to take part in panels like these. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.


the multi-source feedback, MSF, or 360-degree evaluation of students or doctors' performance. The evidence is collected systematically from number of individuals who are in legitimate position to make a judgment about the doctors or students' performance. The individuals may be senior or junior colleagues, other members of the healthcare team, administrators, patients or subjects, or students. In this way, different perspectives are brought to bear on an evaluation of a doctor. Each individual is asked to complete a structured questionnaire relating to the doctor's performance. The rating scale of 1-5 or 1-7 can be used and comments also will be recorded. And based on this comprehensive, structured questionnaire, which is distributed among the healthcare team, administrators, patients, students, and their colleagues, the multi-system feedback, MSF, or the 360-degree evaluation of doctors or students' works.


Hi, I'm Tom Handel with another CTN member highlight, and I'm also here with Tiana Hall, the director of Literacy Volunteers of Greater Portland, a program of learning works. And we're here to talk about a special event that's coming up to celebrate literacy volunteers 40th anniversary. Is that right? That's true. So to begin with Tiana, what, for people who might not know, although it's hard to believe anybody wouldn't know, what is literacy volunteers? Literacy volunteers is a community-based education program that focuses on providing literacy instruction and English language acquisition instruction to people on a more individual level. So we do one-on-one tutoring, we have some very small groups that meet all over the city. This is a very important function, and it's been going on for 40 years now, hasn't it? It has been, yes. But for 40 years, members of the community have been volunteering with this organization to help other community members learn the skills that they need in order to be successful in life and live independently and successfully, and enjoy all the benefits that we all enjoy through reading. Now, you're planning a very special kind of event, a very interesting kind of event for the 40th anniversary. Can you talk about that a little bit? Yes. So we are planning a Team Trivia Challenge. The goal of the event is to raise funds for the program. The Trivia event will highlight some of the different areas of instruction and learning that our students partake in, and so we'll be quizzing people to see if they know these things. The things that you actually teach some of your participants? The things that we actually teach in our program, yes. So if I was putting a team together, how would I decide whether or not we'd even be competitive in this kind of a challenge? Well, I think that it's, I think everybody is going to be competitive. Some of the questions are going to be questions that all of us know the answers to. Others will be a little bit trickier, and I think that, I think, for anybody who's participating, there's a level of difficulty. If you've got people in your pocket who are eager to support community programs and who are excited about reading and literacy and Trivia event, then that's really all they need to do to put a team together is be willing and fill out a registration form. And where and when is this happening? This is happening on October 10th here in Portland at the Ryan's Auditorium at the Portland Library in the afternoon from two until four. Okay, so people, if they're working, would need to, well, is it during the week, work week? It's during the work week. That's a Thursday. What we're hoping is that people will join as teams from perhaps their offices, from their companies and organizations, so that this is in some part a team building experience and activity for them. They can all do together.  No, this is the first time we're doing it and we're doing it really to support the fact that this program is really kind of hit a milestone, which is 40 years in existence, 40 years of really great work and amazing volunteers. So we thought we'd try to do something a little different this time instead of having sort of the usual thank you lunch for everyone, which we will always continue to do those. But this time, we really wanted to get the community involved and folks who don't normally volunteer, maybe have not had the time to take to go through training and be matched up with the student. How many teams can you accommodate? How big is a team usually? What are you expecting? We are saying that a team is going to be anything from two to six individuals. We can accommodate up to 15. 15 teams? Up to 15 teams. Wow. With an audience watching and all. Well, I don't know that we're going to have an audience watching.  So you want to make sure you're being discreet about it. Have you had any responses yet? We have. Yeah, we've had a really great response. We'd still like to see more people get involved. So that's where you come in. Okay. Well, hopefully people will be watching this and, you know, learn about it and want to become involved with it. What weird would they go for more information or find out? For more information right now, they just need to call us. Our number is 775-0105. So if they just gave us a call and just said, I'd like to know more about the trivia challenge then they'd probably connect them to me or any other person there at Learning Works who can answer those questions. Great. Well, thank you very much for joining us. It sounds like fun. Thanks for having me.


How the narcissist will describe you to other people. I'm sure when you read the title, you could already guess that it's not going to be something positive. It's not going to be something good.  So, yeah, after they leave or you leave, they're not going to have anything good to say. They're going to continue with the smear campaign. They're going to bad mouth you to other people. They'll make false accusations. They'll spread rumors. It's just going to continue. It's not going to get better. It's going to get worse. There are some cases where they will say positive things about you. And they know that may not make any sense right now unless you've already been through it. But let me go deeper into that so that you understand what I mean. Because, yes, sometimes they will say positive things about you. And most often this will be with their new supply. This is how they groom their new supply. This is how they train them. They do it by saying that you did all of these amazing things for them. You took care of them. Or at least that's what they're going to say later on. In the beginning, when they first meet the new supply, they're going to say that their ex was bad, crazy. You did all of these horrible things. And now they need this new person to save them, to protect them. But then as time goes by, then it all changes. Then they start to say how actually you are so much better than them. And you did all of these amazing things. Yes, as Amkaka says there in the chat, to make the other person try and compete with what you did. That's exactly right. That's what they will try and do. But many of you may not be aware of that if you're not still in touch with them. You may not know that they're doing this. But sometimes they will re-idealise you and then that leads to the hoover. And they may have done that with you. When you first met them, they may have said their ex is crazy. Their ex is a stalker, a psychopath. And then after a few weeks or months, suddenly that was you.  Now you're the one who was bad. And now their ex is this perfect person who did everything right.  It's so confusing because how can these people be so bad and crazy when you first meet the narcissist? And then without any contact with them, they just suddenly, the story changes and now all of these people are okay. And you're the problem. And you need to do better. It doesn't make any sense. But this is how they operate. This is what they do. So yeah, you need to be aware of that. But that is another way that they might describe you. It's in a positive way to the new supply. But not initially. In the beginning they're going to say that you're crazy. They're going to say that all of these things are wrong with you. But as time goes by, they're going to flip the script and suddenly you become this amazing person and now they have to leave this new person so that they can come back and be with you. That's when they come in with a hoover. And you're thinking, what have they told this new person then? If they can just leave them and come back to me, what's this new person thinking? Well, that's it. That's exactly what they're thinking. They're thinking that maybe you're actually a great person for them after all. And you're so much better than them. And that's why the narcissist has to leave them to come back to you. But you may have cognitive dissonance as well. I mean, everyone who is involved with the narcissist, they all have cognitive dissonance because the story changes again and again. I mean, there's only two different stories and it just switches back and forth between each one. That's all it really is. It's like first they're telling you this story and then that story and then this one again, then that one, then this one, that one. It just keeps going back and forth. And when you're being fed these two stories, which are contradictory, it just spins you out. You just can't even think straight after that.  When you just got to step back and look at it like no. These are all just stories anyway. It's just something that they've made up in their heads. It's got nothing to do with reality. So why does it even matter? But that's just it, isn't it? If you want to be involved with a narcissist, you have to leave reality and enter their fantasy world that they made inside their heads. And then when they finally get rid of you and you've got to go back out into the real world, they're looking at you like you're crazy because you've been living in this delusional world for such a long time with all of these alternate meanings which make no sense in reality. It only makes sense while you're with them, while you're denying reality. As you can see, I'm in another new apartment again now with this really fun hammer queue. If you're having a lot of fun with this, Nala's just laying down watching me. Yeah, it's very relaxing. I think I will make a video here in the morning and got the swing here as well. I think the hammock is a bit more comfortable. It does surprise me though how this can hold my weight. It must be about 100 kilograms. Somehow it doesn't come through the ceiling. So it's pretty strong. This is what it feels like to be involved with a narcissist.  What else have I got to show you? Durian. Has anyone here tried durian before? Let me know down in the comments. I had to pick some up. This is the Musang King Durian. Very tasty. Sometimes I find it hard to believe that it's a fruit. It's got the texture of a dessert. Like custard or something. But yeah, it's really good. Really high up. Yeah, so that's all I've got to say. I hope it was helpful. Let me know your thoughts on this. Do you agree or disagree? Have you experienced that? Maybe you quote them out when they were saying nice things about you to the new supply. After everything bad they were saying about you. Because that's often what they do as well. Even while they're still messaging you and saying all these horrible things about you. They're telling the new supply a completely different story about how you were so much better and you did all of these things. And there could be a smear campaign going on at the same time. A narcissist could have 10 people in their life and each person knows a different side of them, has a different version of events. It's really crazy. But yeah, that's just how they do it. Alright, thank you all for joining me tonight. Please give the video a thumbs up if you enjoyed it and I'll talk to you in another one very soon.


Hey everyone, welcome to figure fantasy. So we're here to answer the question whether this guy is worth pulling for investing in and a lot of skeptics out there are saying that he Requires a lot of conditions and everything, but let's let's put out all of the facts before we decide, okay? No biases nothing And let's start with what he gives so he is Galatea He is a vanguard so really a big hole in Galatea for vanguard So doesn't mean you should get it probably yes probably no I'll actually have an announcement later whether I'm gonna pull for him or not. So let's move on to his skill so Attack is Tiga multi chop. So attack speed is going to be fast boost the damage from basic attacks So level two and three you have a total of 40 Percent okay, so for his ultimate so initial energy is a period beam attacks the current target and switches basic Attacks to compound fist for five seconds after the ultimate ends. So compound fist is dealing Basic attack damage to the enemy three times. So one single attack is dealt three times okay, so Upgrade effect, which is actually I think key to understanding what he brings So level two is guaranteed crit chance on ignited targets and boost compound fist by 35% So for this to work Target should be ignited but when targets are ignited or burn or set on fire The crit chance guaranteed every time he punches Okay, so all you have to do is level up his crit damage Because this is a guaranteed crit chance. Okay My I'm gonna tell you guys if you though if targets are not ignited There is still a chance that he will crit okay, it doesn't mean that if targets are not ignited He won't ever crit. Okay, so there's also a chance depending on the crit chance that he has Depending on your build. So again, I would suggest that you You think about this skill as something that is a plus not really not really a deal breaker Okay, so level three basic attacks have a 30% chance of triggering compound fist So this one is also good because one basic attack can be times three So that is it. Okay. Next is his Passive is Tiga multi punch every five times basic attack deals damage It immediately deals moderate damage to the target and adjacent enemies and heals the attacker by 42% of the damage dealt The basic attack power boost and damage boost the damage and healing So upgrade effect boost passive damage by 50% and level three number of basic attacks required is minus one So this will be down to four which is a nice kit to have and He's really built on his basic attack and the last one is going to be a boost dodge chance by 15% restore health after a successful dodge timer flash So level two is boost basic attack 25 within 15 seconds of the battle then reduces it to 10% and boost attack speed by 10 Level three is boost damage by damage chance by 20% okay my thoughts on this guy even without his Exclusive badge and gear is he worth getting at this point? um, I'm saying is yes because Applying knight is not that hard actually especially if Most of your team is composed with galitea units. There are a lot of there are a lot of What do you call this? There are a lot of figures there who apply ignite. So this is not really a deal breaker Um at this point. I'm inclined to get him Take note of that. I just said that I'm gonna summon for him Because he feels a very big void in galitea and who knows when The next good collab is going to you know arrive for for galitea I know he is not the best collab unit that came out So far we have miku. We have rimuru And uh his sister we have the twins They have been great and him but again guys those collabs are Are out of this world and again for galitea from what I see collabs are being spread out within the three Brands so for galitea. This is the second collab ready for them Although the first one was um was a defender and was okay But for ultraman again, he feels a very big void in damage dealing if you want to progress and In content for galitea Then I think you should get him I don't think you should get you know go crazy in summoning for him. You can actually get one copy of him and uh through the polls And the rest of him you can actually get here in the store so here You have to you have to you have to summon at least one copy Before you can buy copies of him additional copies of him. So again It's not really pressure whether you know whether you should go all out on him right now But I would say um to be safe Just get one copy of him If you don't really if you're really backing on um Having you know or If you're really thinking that there would be better figures in the future For galitea then just get one copy of him then stop Secure one copy at least but again um from what I see His skills are not really a deal breaker And but he is not really a must pull He is going to be your fill in role right now for vanguard just in case somebody More powerful than him comes along for galitea But right now he really feels he really needs to feel that void for galitea for vanguard again He is not a must summon But again, he is not that bad. In fact, he is he is He is above average in terms of the figures that we have probably I will classify him as a tier a For all that he's giving For a simple and effective kit that he has. Okay, so that is actually Based on him alone not not including his uh, his uh, his adornment and his Uh badge. Okay, let's go to the event. Okay, so we're here with the event that Uh, what do you call this that gives us adornment the exclusive adornment exclusive uh badge. So let's see the Okay, this is the adornment. So enhance the ultimate when using compound fist deals additional 57 percent of attack As damage to the target and its adjacent enemies Okay, this is additional 57 percent This is big But again, you don't need this at this point. Again, ultraman Is going to carry your team up until we can replace him So you don't need to invest in in for example, if if you can't reach the hundred, it's okay But if you can reach the hundred uh Not spending anything or not using your Your fully wish Then this would be this would be good. Also here. I want to see His exclusive badge. So when using multi punch boost the power of the next ultimate by five percent Then stacks up to five times and grants a shield of 101 percent attack. You don't really need this Uh for this you can forgo this but if you can reach Reach a hundred With um Without spending any fully wish. I don't know if it if it's doable. I don't think so But again, this badge is an icing is a good icing But you don't really need this especially if you consider ultraman as somebody that Can be good enough even without all of these but again They're not he's not going to be super powerful um, what do you call this? He's not sorry. He's not going to be um He's not going to be bad if he doesn't Use this because he won't be super powerful even if he has this. Okay. That is what I mean so again, um going back to ultraman Going back to How he is, you know, how I may consider him.  You might not get another one Another good vanguard guys at this point to deal that amount of dps And with the guarded creed provided that he has ignite people around him is actually Is actually a small kicker for you for him to initiate that so again He is not a must pull but for me personally I will pull for him um, depending on how many copies I get of him and depending on You know on what happens later I will try to Get as much as I can. Okay. So for for again for the badges for the adornment Don't use your fully wish there Don't use them there. Just pull for him using your gems and and your tickets If you want to and also if you again if you want to be conservative about it Just pull one and Don't pull anymore. You could actually buy copies of him in the mo store after the first pull So that is it. So again guys, um Thank you very much for staying this far. Hopefully this helped And uh, hopefully I can I can see you in the next video of mine, which is the summon video for Ultraman. So thank you guys for staying this far. Take care. Stay safe. This is the warden and I'm out of here


In this video, we will be looking over volume and flushing ability on the beef animal. The term volume refers to the amount of mass and size that animal displays. Flushing ability is the potential of an animal to gain weight and muscle. The bigger and wider the animal, the more weight gain or muscle potential that animal has. The characteristics that you should be focusing on when talking about volume and flushing ability are the width of body or rib shape, the depth of the body, and the length of the body. The width of the body refers to the barrel of a beef animal. As a judge, you want to see a large width throughout the belly of an animal. This shows that the animal will have room for weight gain to hold more muscle for its frame size. When we talk about the rib shape or spring of a rib, this means good curvature to the ribs, not flat or straight down. When looking at the depth of body on a beef animal, you should look at the distance from the loin to the bottom of the belly. The farther the distance, the more capacity that animal has to hold a calf or can carry more weight, meaning that animal will be able to put on more muscle compared to the beef animal with a shallow body. Also, a good body depth will be uniform throughout the barrel, staying straight and level on the belly floor. When looking at length of body on a beef animal, look down the top line of the back and from the point of the chest to the end of the round. You want to see decent length and a strong top line. If a beef animal has a longer body, it will have the ability to produce lean and long muscle for good quality meat. Thank you for watching. Be sure to check out our other livestock judging videos, as well as the Alabama Cooperative Extension YouTube channel.


Any WRC is tough and our outright teams know exactly what that means. Molly Taylor, Bill Hayes, third outright after probably what is arguably the toughest weekend for you guys, but you've hung in there. Yeah, certainly. I mean, on stage two and we had no breaks, I thought it was going to be a, you know, we were for a long weekend and, and yeah, ever since then as well, it's been really tough event, but yeah, fantastic to be here at the end of the finish and compete at our home WRC event. Consider all that, Bill. Podium was really important for your championship, that's great. This was a really important moment to be right here at the finish of the last stage. I definitely, obviously, I hope to be on the top of the podium, but yeah, it's really important. It's definitely still alive. You know, there's still pressure on Eli and we know we've got pressure on him because he's worried and we saw that in the power stage on Friday. You spoke to Eli about the emotion of his situation, but it's the same for you. You're watching what's happening in the back and you can't control their team, but you're going through that emotion of your championship, watching what they're going through as well. So you've had to play, you know, mind games with yourself a little bit this weekend as well. Yeah, and I think Eli certainly made it clear that he's not trying to play the mind games on us, but I think he picked the wrong person to play with if that's what he's trying to do. But you know, as much as that does play into it, you know, if you're thinking about anything else but your job on the stage, then you're doing the wrong thing. So, you know, before or after the stages, sure, you know, that that comes into it, but when we're on the stage, it's the last thing on our mind. Well, the good news for all of us, the championship is well and truly still alive. We can't wait for South Australia. Well done for this weekend. First ARC podium second outright.  Yeah, yeah. For once, it's sort of fallen in our hands. Usually we've got a bit of bad luck. Unfortunately, this weekend, we didn't have too much and we're able to push Friday and Saturday and build up enough to just nurse the car through today. And the pleasing thing is not just the podium, you know, Super Series is a podium in a WRC, the longest, toughest event of the year. Yeah, it's great. He drove awesome all weekend, just did everything perfectly. Wasn't a thing wrong with his driving, just perfect driving and paid off for us. Certainly did, mate. It's stark contrast to Queensland. The other endurance round, you had an issue very early on in the event and you had that drama all weekend. Here, you had a new mindset. I think it was a new maturity for you this weekend. Yeah, yeah, as I said to you earlier, the boys, sat me down after the last event and said, yeah, just ease your way into it. And having had no time in the car since Queensland as well, it was again, sort of jumping in, do the first few stages, get through that and then go from there, which to be honest, sort of didn't go that way, got into the first stage. And this car is just super easy to drive. So we weren't too far off on those first stages anyway. One thing to get the advice, one thing to take a congratulations second, enjoy the moment. After an epic three days of rally Australia, the victors, every leg and the win, nearly maximum points, unbelievable Eli Evans and Glenn Wesson top job. I'm holding back the tears. Seriously, it's an emotional win. It was considering the start we had. We wrecked the car Thursday at Shakedown and boys fixed it. They spent 20 hours straight on it to get us the start line and they got me there and I was so determined to get this win for them because I know how much effort they put in. I just wanted to repay them the favor and show them how determined I was to make amends and then remain in control of the championship. Westo, what were your thoughts in that moment, you know, on Thursday at the power stage? It looked like it was all over potential. I got out of the car, second Eli was out and back down the road and I got out second, had a chance to look at the front of the car and then when he came back, I said, there's no way we're competing. I just thought there wasn't a chance. So I just still can't believe the service crew and the panel leaders down at Seabreeze Panel at Coffs Harbour sorted it out in such a short amount of time and did such a great job. We didn't have a single problem as the car, unbelievable. He's unbelievable. This is championship changing stuff. That's what it means. That's why it's so emotional for you. It's ridiculous, really, isn't it? It is, you know, there was probably, even when the car was at the panel shop, I still didn't think we'd get it ready. I actually thought my year was gone. So to be here now and still being in the lead in the championship and extended the lead is, it's not gonna, it might sink in tonight after a few refreshments with the boys, I think. So well done, guys. Awesome job, eh? Thanks, Dino. Well done, Billy. Show mine. Very good. Well done. Well done.


Oh my god. I'm so sorry. I'm so sorry. Oh my god So let me explain why you have 600 videos in your sub box As many of you know, I started YouTube back in 2012 and in 2015 I Restarted my channel. I made a completely new channel still crank gameplays But I made a new channel and back when I did that I re-uploaded all of my old videos when I re-uploaded them I don't know why I did this, but I made them all unlisted I made them all unlisted and then I made an old crank gameplays playlist where you can go through and See all of the unlisted videos for my old my old channel So I was going through these last pop a couple of days because I never uploaded the thumbnails And so I went through all of those videos and updated the thumbnails I downloaded all the thumbnails for my old channel and I re-uploaded them there.  I'm Staying true to my word my word I'm staying true to what I believe in I don't know What I'm doing. I don't know what's happening.  I would like to ask for your forgiveness I will not be changing the decision that I've made. I Want people to go back and enjoy the content so please Go back and enjoy new fresh content will be coming, baby But not a thousand uploads a day or 600 or whatever the hell it was. I am so sorry I don't know what to do So this is where I leave you. I apologize Enjoy the old videos Please like every single one of them. I really need the validation. Thank you so much


The final item of business today is a member's business debate on motion number 11093, in the name of Alex Ferguson on mum's last big challenge. This debate will be concluded without any questions being put, and I would invite those members who are leaving the chamber to do so quickly and quietly, and also to invite members who are staying if they wish to speak to press the request-to-speak buttons now. Alex Ferguson, to open the debate, Mr Ferguson. Seven minutes, please. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I would just say that I am absolutely delighted to have been able to bring this motion to the chamber this evening, not simply because it allows us to focus on what I think is a very worthwhile topic, but particularly because it allows me to highlight the work of two of life's true angels, one a Scot, one a Malawian, who seemed to me to have been put on this earth with a predetermined aim of making it an infinitely better place to inhabit. The first will, I think, be acutely embarrassed because, if my eyesight is right, I think I'm pleased to say that she's been able to join us in the gallery this evening. Linda MacDonald, along with some of her key volunteers who have made her charitable trust better known to all of us as mums, she's made it work so effectively since it was founded in 2005. Linda started the charity after seeing photographs of bottom hospital in Llongwy, the capital of Malawi, photographs that clearly showed the filthy, unhygienic conditions into which pregnant mothers were supposed to be able to deliver their babies. I think it's worth noting that in the UK in 2013, one in every 4,600 women could be expected to die in pregnancy or childbirth. In Malawi in that same year, it was one in every 36. One in every 36 women could expect to die simply because they had become pregnant. So no wonder that Linda, who is a practising midwife, was so shocked by the photographs she was shown. Every single one of us would have been, but I suspect very few of us would have thought, well that's enough, I'm going to go and do something about this and try to make a difference. So mums was born. A recipe book was produced the first in a series, Jack McConnell, our former First Minister, brought mums the attention of this parliament and mums became instrumental in raising the £100,000 that saw a new purpose-built maternity unit being built at Boiler hospital. Once that unit began to operate, the book that previously recorded the daily deaths of babies and the weekly deaths of mothers was barely required any longer. I had the enormous privilege of visiting Boiler hospital in 2011 and I could only marvel at the charts of infant and mother mortality that had been so meticulously kept since the new unit had been built and which had proved so vividly that the £100,000 investment had produced a return that could never be calculated in financial terms. It had produced a safe environment in which you could give birth, but mums couldn't and didn't stop there. It had well and truly taken root and over the years it has raised huge amounts of money that has been thoughtfully and carefully targeted at improving the lives of mothers, babies and families in Malawi. Feeding stations for under five-year-olds have been set up, nursery teachers funded, drinking water source, basic toilet facilities researched, all this and much more has been achieved by mums and somewhere along the way a very fortuitous contact was made with a lady called Charity Salima, the second angel that I referred to earlier. I also visited Charity at her acicondi clinic in 2011. I did so again in 2013. I'm not actually sure I could ever visit Malawi again without visiting that clinic. The name literally means a caring home, because both the clinic and the story that led up to its establishment are truly inspirational. Charity Salima was a research nurse working for the Malawi Government, but so appalled did she become the type of death rates that I referred to earlier and through her increased knowledge and experience of the conditions that pregnant women in Malawi had to survive that she, just like Linda really, just came to the conclusion that enough was enough. So in 2008, using her own meager resources and with the backing of the national organisation of nurses, she rented a property in district 23 and established her own maternity clinic, though I suspect you and I would probably not recognise it as such if we happened upon it, but that clinic and Charity Salima are now well on their way to delivering their eight sixth thousandth baby without having to record a single death of either mother or child in the six-year history of that clinic. Charity being Charity doesn't stop at that. She also provides anti-natal and post-natal care to mothers and babies. She runs an under-fives clinic and feeding station. She provides HIV testing and runs a family planning advice service, all done and achieved without any government funding whatsoever. I can say with total sincerity that she, Charity Salima, is one of the most remarkable human beings that I've ever come across. And since 2009, mums have supported Charity through a monthly donation and in addition has funded a badly needed ambulance to increase the catchment area from which pregnant mothers can access this extraordinary place. But now a new challenge has emerged and it's the one that I want to highlight through this debate this evening. The owner of the Achey Condi clinic has increased the rent. On its own, that might have been bearable, but in a particularly unhelpful move, he has begun to build a house just seven feet from the front wall of the clinic itself, compromising obviously the access, but much more importantly, the privacy that the clinic currently enjoys. The clinic simply could not continue to operate under those circumstances. So in typical Charity's style, she has bought a plot of land and with the assistance from the Norwegian Nurses Association begun to build a new purpose-built 17-bed clinic, but she's run out of money, which is where the title of my motion Mums' Last Big Challenge comes in. Mums is looking to amalgamate with another charity for the most understandable of reasons. Its success has been such that it has become a more than full-time task to administer and the trust has decided that amalgamation would best secure its aims as we go forward. But it set itself one final challenge of raising the £15,000 that Charity needs and in doing so by Christmas. It's produced a donate to charity pack of which I have one and I can get more, giving all the advice needed to individuals and organisations to raise just £100 each towards the total, and everyone who does so will be immortalised on a plaque on the wall of the new clinic when it opens. So through this debate, I hope that perhaps we MSPs can do a little to help to raise awareness of this initiative in our constituencies and regions. I have some of the packs with me and can get more, as I say. And if members are wondering perhaps how to dispose of the charitable fee that we're sometimes offered for participating in some of the surveys that seem to proliferate at this time of year, I can think of no better cause to donate to. But that aside, Presiding Officer, the motion I've tabled before us gives us an opportunity as a Parliament to say thank you to Linda MacDonald and Mums for the truly remarkable work that they've undertaken over the years. Work that is not done for glory, for gain or for recognition but for the simple satisfaction of doing what is right and in doing so to improve the lives of so many others who are so much less fortunate than we are beyond all recognition. I feel very privileged to move the motion in my name. It's a pleasure always to be able to speak in a debate about Malawi, but this particular debate is one that I think says everything about the relationship between Scotland and Malawi. As many colleagues know and as Alec Ferguson is so eloquently put forward in his motion this evening for which he deserves congratulations for securing both the motion and the debate, the situation in Malawi with regard to child maternal mortality has been and still challenging. However, the fact that when I first visited Malawi in 2006, one baby was dying every day and one mother every week was a shocking figure to hear about and a shocking situation to witness. To know that now in some of the hospitals in Malawi where Mums and other organisations have been so active, there is now no need to record that kind of information on that kind of scale and that instead it's the progress of the babies and the Mums that's being recorded is something that is really quite remarkable. No word could really do it justice but remarkable is probably as good as any. The efforts of Mums have been particularly inspirational in my view because what sounded like a relatively small idea at the beginning to have a book of recipes, some of which I still used to this day, I have to admit, which was very useful in my particular home, but the fact that a book of recipes would be used in this way to raise money for such an important aspect of Malawi in life is really quite an interesting concept in itself and demonstrates that it is those personal contacts, those personal relationships between Scotland and Malawi that are helping to make such a difference. As we know, Mums have contributed large sums not just to helping Mums delivering their babies and having postnatal care but also again equally large sums of money helping to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission and to help health workers who have become infected through their work. They fund feeding stations and they boost the chances that children born in Malawi now have of living full, long and fulfilling lives. The latest project that Mums is supporting, as we have heard, is the work of Charity Salima and never was someone better named. That work has been highlighted in a number of ways to date and her work is significant. The results achieved in her clinic are fantastic. I have not had the opportunity to visit that particular clinic myself but I have read a number of articles and comments about it and it clearly is making a huge difference for the Mums in that particular part of Malawi. A few years ago, a book was written when the rains come by the writer Tom Pau, which was, frankly, just a delight to read. It was a lovely book. It was happy and uplifting and it was beautifully illustrated too. It was one of those books that just told the story of an ordinary family in Malawi or anywhere—it could have been anywhere in Africa for that matter—going about their lives and living that life to the full. Of course, as in any family there was an indomitable grandmother and it was good to see the similarities that were coming to play there. That book raised significant sums of money—I hope that it is still available now—and can help towards the fundraising that Alex Ferguson mentioned. As I said at the beginning, the relationship between Scotland and Malawi has, I think, been significant but it has also been one of the hallmarks of the Parliament that we recognise that there was work to be done and that we set about doing it. However, in some ways, while our and the Government's good efforts have been worthwhile and have been very important, to me, as much as anything else, it has been the spotlight that this Parliament and the Government over years have now been able to shine on the work that is going on in Malawi and the need in Malawi that has been most important. Nowhere is that more obvious than in the work that is being done by mums and particularly by Linda MacDonald since 2005. I very much hope that they raise enough money by Christmas to be able to fulfil their ambition. I hope that I am sure that, with this Parliament's help and support, they will do that. Thank you. Thank you very much. I now call on Maureen Watt to be followed by Liam McArthur. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and can I draw the Parliament's attention to my register of interests as convener of the cross-party group on Malawi in this Parliament? Can I too congratulate Alex Ferguson on securing this debate this evening to highlight the work of the charity Malawi underprivileged mothers or mums as we have all come to know it? I commend Alex in his continuing interest and enthusiasm for all things related to Malawi. Among other things, we had to do during our cross-party visit to Malawi in January 2011, was a kind of wrecky to see which projects Annie Lennox should visit the following month when Alex, in his role as PEO, was accompanying her. Like many others, Alex was captivated by the warm heart of Africa and the projects that he visited and his commitment continues hence the motion in his name today. Obviously, he was really captivated by visiting the mums work in Malawi. The latest effort of Mums and Linda, the founder, to build a 17-bed capacity purpose built clinic is truly remarkable and commendable. I know how difficult it is to raise money for Malawi, but Mums fundraising capacity is legendary in this place, as other people have mentioned. Mary Scanlon had a debate in 2009 when Jack McConnell spoke and he was the one who was distributing the cookbook at that time in this place and badgered us all to buy it and contribute to it. Prior to that, even in 2008, Mike Pringle said in a debate that I have found that one cannot say no to Linda. I am sure that he meant only in relation to stumping up money and helping the projects, rather than anything else. Malawi is making progress in meeting the millennium development goals, particularly in relation to poverty reduction, access to improved sources of water and improvement in the lives of slum dwellers, but in relation to infant mortality and maternal health, there is still much to do. Many other people, like Linda in Scotland, have taken up the challenge. Patricia Ferguson mentioned some of the problems facing people as they try to reduce child mortality and maternal health and maternal death. One of them is providing a safe environment for birth to take place and making sure that the mother's health during pregnancy is the best that it possibly can be. Obviously, one of the things that is really important is making sure that the proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel is as high as it can be. While in urban areas it is improving a great deal, there is still a bit more to be done in the rural areas. I would like to take the opportunity to mention a project run by the University of Aberdeen Institute of Applied Health Sciences, whose objective is to encourage the integration of rural midwives in the local health system in order to maintain their skills and to increase their job satisfaction in local communities. I know that there is still much work to be done in that area, but we must commend and support the many people, like Linda and Mums, who are continuing to work in the area in Malawi. It is much appreciated. I know that there is some disconnect between the work of the charities and the Scotland-Malawi partnership, which is trying to ensure that they are in tune with the Government of Malawi. It is perhaps something that you could take up, minister. I look forward to hearing your contribution. Thank you very much. I join with my colleagues in congratulating Alex Ferguson on the motion in securing the debate, as others have testified Alex Ferguson's commitment to and passionate support for this Parliament and this country's links with Malawi is a matter of record. To the point where he has been prepared to be Annie Lennox, he is a bank carrier, which is above and beyond the call of duty for most Presiding Officers. Like Patricia Ferguson, Maureen Watt and Alex Ferguson, I have felt very fortunate in being able in the role of MSP to develop my own links with Malawi, which is often borne of the links that community groups, schools and others in my constituency have fostered over the years. I think that that has developed an awful lot of excellent work, whether in the area of education or health or indeed economic development. The project Mums was one that I was less familiar with, and I think that in that sense today's debate serves a further additional useful purpose. Raising awareness is the easy bit, as Alex Ferguson in his opening remarks made clear, the really remarkable work of what he called the true angels is the hard stuff. Linda MacDonald has been said much of her. I have to say that, if anybody can get Mike Pringle to do what they ask, where on earth were they when we needed a Liberal Democrat chief whip in previous parliaments, Charity Selima likewise, the sort of work that humbles all of us. I think that Alex Ferguson was right to pay eloquent testimony to that. I was on the same visit as Maureen Watt to Malawi back in 2011, and I think that one of the most striking aspects of that trip was the visit to a settlement in the outskirts of Llongway to visit a mother who had been diagnosed as HIV positive during the course of a previous visit by a Scottish Parliament delegation. I think that truth be told, no one really expected her to still be alive in 2011. It was remarkable to see the recovery that she had made. It was evidence that the anti-retroviral programme but the fertiliser programme that was ensuring that markets at least had food that could support the anti-retroviral programme was available and the education investment that had gone in. All of those were coming together to start to move things in the right direction. It is too easy to succumb to a council of despair. As Patricia Ferguson suggested, we should not lose sight of the fact that some of those projects are delivering real benefits here and now. Not that there is an awful lot still to do but should give us confidence that the interventions that we are making work. Despite that progress, the figures are very bleak. Life expectancy in Malawi is still around 37 years. The paternal death rate is still eight in every 1,000. One child in 10 dies before the age of 10. Two nurses die every week from HIV. Again, the parallel with that and teachers where the attrition rate of teachers passing way through to HIV aids is undermining efforts to build capacity in the school sector just as it appears to be happening in healthcare. That is a source of real concern. It underscores the need for projects such as MUMs and the work that is being done by Linda McDonnell, Charity Salima and their colleagues. The objectives of that and Malawi's children should be well nourished and have educational opportunities. All mothers deserve safe and caring maternity provision. Supporting nurses with aids at risk of contracting aids or simply concerned about the risk of working closely with local communities and giving them the confidence and the capacity to help themselves. All those objectives are ones that we should be supporting, raising awareness and encouraging others to support. The Deputy Presiding Officer last year, the MacArthur family agreed to forego a few presents at Christmas in order to adopt a snow leopard. This year, I can think of no better cause than supporting Linda McDonnell, the MUMs, towards their target of £15,000 to complete their clinic before the end of the year. Immortalising on plaques seems to be very much in the zeitgeist of this week, but in conclusion can I congratulate Alex Ferguson again on securing this important debate. I promise to see him afterwards to settle my debts and offer my thanks to the true angels doing so much good work in the warm heart of Africa. I thank Alex Ferguson for securing this very important motion to the chamber. I thank Linda McDonnell, Charity Sleema and all the hard team at the AchaCondi clinic for all the good work and hard work that they do. There is nothing like impending government reshuffle to focus the mind on the portfolio. I can say without any fear or favour that the portfolio is by far the best in the Government—it might be the best-kept secret in the Government. The reason for that is that I get to see, talk about and engage with those who are making some of the best change in the world. Mum's is an example of giving a gift that you cannot put a price on—a gift of life, a gift of a healthy child and a gift of life to a mother is something that you cannot quantify. I often talk about—when we speak about Malawi—the historical context of Malawi. It is very important that it helps to set the foundation of that relationship that we have in the present and will continue to take forward. In the future, that historical context usually centres around that amazing Scot to Dr David Livingstone. He was an explorer, we know at heart, but he was also a medic, a missionary, of which he was not particularly good at—only converting one person, apparently to him, in that person becoming a lapsed Christian. Nonetheless, he also talked about the three Cs, Christianity being one, commerce being the other and civilisation being the third. I always think that there is not enough attention paid to the civilisation part. That civilisation, if you read some of his manuscripts, was, of course, talking about the slave trade, but generally the discussion that humanity is one humanity and that we should come together to face global challenges that affect us all, regardless of your race or your colour or your religion or where you come from. That is ultimately what Dr David Livingstone meant by civilisation. I am delighted that his legacy that he taught us is being carried down this day by people like Linda, by her colleagues in Malawi, but also our children as well. I still keep very much in touch and a close eye in the good work of people like Martha Payne, a young girl who, of course, is helping with Mary's meals and feeding young school children in Malawi. However, the point of the historical context of that relationship is that it helps to inform our present relationship. I just came back from Geneva. I was in Geneva last week for a couple of days talking about our international development work. We were very interested in the United Nations about what Scotland was doing. All of the officials that I spoke to said that it is not about the size of your contribution, of course, as important as that can be, but it is about the impact and the leadership that Scotland is showing. When we had this relatively modest international development programme, £9 million a year of which £3 million is ring-fenced, from Malawi, but from that small pot we support over 50 projects in Malawi. Unique—not because of the top-down relationship, as important as that Government-to-Government relationship is—but unique because of that bottom-up relationship, where the entire civic society of Scotland is involved from the very north of our country, from the constituency of—I was going to call him General MacArthur, from earlier contributions of Mr MacArthur and Liam MacArthur's constituency in Orkney, of which I have met some of those who are involved in the relationship right down to the borders and through to Selkirk, where I have met those who are involved in the relationship with Malawi, too. Not only does it cover the country in terms of its geography, but in terms of its demography, too. I have met people—teachers, students, nurses, professionals, business people—all involved in that relationship. In fact, a study from the Scottish-Malawi partnership showed that 84,000 Scots are involved in the relationship with Malawi. A country of 5 million people, 84,000 of them, are involved in helping to improve the lives of their fellow man, woman and child in Malawi. 50 per cent of people know somebody who is involved in the relationship in Malawi, according to that survey. 97 per cent of people think favourably about the relationship between Scotland and Malawi. Here, in this time of financial restraint, economic austerity and food banks are difficult times for people, yet they are still in favour of committing their resources and our energy and our efforts to improve the lives of those who are much worse off than us. Like those who have spoken already, I, too, have been to Malawi. It is quite difficult to understand the realities of abject poverty until you witness it yourself, until you speak to a mother who has had to bury her child because of malnutrition, because when you speak to a child who has been orphaned because his parents have such a low-life expectancy, as Liam McArthur was saying, in a world of plenty, we have to watch and we see and we hear the figures that were quoted by Patricia Ferguson about those mothers who still die simply because they have become pregnant in this 21st century. It is a great disgrace and a shame on us all. In the 21st century, women will have to walk up to 30 kilometres while in labour having to suffer through the pain of a fistula, a delayed labour that not only causes their child to be still-born but causes them internal damage, tissue damage, which affects their rectum, bladder and leaving them incontinent. No way they can have another child if that fistula is not repaired. Some of them, unfortunately, are divorced because they will not be able to produce children outcast from entire communities, imagine, in the 21st century. Maternal health is incredibly important to the Scottish Government on the issue of maternal health. We fund eight projects in Malawi, including one in Bwela hospital in Longway, and I visited the Fistula care centre in Bwela hospital where Linda, Charity and the team also work. Working with the Angloog Freedom from Fistula Foundation, I got to see how women who suffered from fistulas and various complications of maternal pregnancy, how they get their lives back by being given the opportunity of having a solar-powered battery, where they can charge other people from the village and from their town to come to use it, have an income for themselves and therefore go from outcast to being business leaders in their communities. I note and commend the range of good work that is done by mums that others have mentioned from the anti and postnatal care to the HMV testing to the family planning advice, which is simple but also incredibly important. I hope that individuals and organisations will dig deep to support them. Linda MacDonald's personal drive that we have heard much about. I would be looking forward, hopefully, if I can catch in after this debate to say a quick hello, but from everything that I hear she sounds like a phenomenal fundraiser. She should be quite careful, because a political party might snap her up if she continues such a record. Also, of Charity's lima, she is quite rightly described as a miracle nurse. Thousands of babies and not one death since 2008. I agree entirely with Alex Ferguson's description of them as angels, and I simply say that every single member of this Parliament should certainly see what they can do to help mums. I certainly will be happy to do that as well, but those two women and their team through the work that they do with mums certainly help to re-establish my faith in humanity in often a very difficult world. I end on those words that the greatness of a nation is not measured by its economic wealth or its military might, but by how it treats the most vulnerable in its society, and in this globalized world that we live in today, we can demonstrate our greatness through the work that is done by mums and many other charities and the good people that helped to improve the lives of the least fortunate and the most vulnerable on our planet.