The one thing that the church has always had for society, when it goes through wars and plagues and economic depressions is the church steps in with hope. We're not shocked at darkness. Darkness is a reality. The one thing that we have in Jesus, the one thing that we carry is inside of us we have this hope of glory, which is Christ in us. Well, hello, radiant, everybody doing well? Doing good, it's great to see your faces this weekend and those of you who are online joining us. We love you, so grateful that you're joining us and we're saying hi to those at Portage and the Portage campus as well. And today I wanna invite you, if you would, to take your Bibles out, hold them in your hands, turn them on, whatever it is that you do and look at Acts chapter one. This is our second part of our Be Radiant series where we're taking a look at what does it mean to be radiant and what are our core values? You know, every so often you need to go back and you need to reevaluate the foundation stones.  And today is part two in this five week process of us re-looking at what are the foundations of radiant church. Who are we? Who are we indeed in Christ? Today we're talking about our second core value which is radiant church is a spirit-empowered church. So look with me here. We're gonna read out of Acts chapter one and then Ephesians chapter three. Acts chapter one, beginning in verse number four, it says, and while staying with them, he ordered them not to depart from Jerusalem but to wait for the promise of the Father which he said, you heard from me for John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now. Verse six, he says, so when they had come together they asked him, Lord, will it you at this time? Restore the kingdom of Israel. And he said to them, it's not for you to know the times or the seasons that the Father has fixed in his own authority, but you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you and you will be witnesses in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria and to the uttermost parts of the earth. Now I'm gonna turn over here to Ephesians chapter three and you can turn over there or you can follow along but I'm reading from the new living translation. Paul's talking to believers and he says, when I think of all this, I fall to my knees and I pray to the Father, the creator of everything in heaven and on earth and I pray that from his glorious unlimited resources he will empower you with inner strength through his spirit and then Christ will make his home in your hearts as you trust in him. Your roots will grow down into God's love keeping you strong and may you have the power to understand as all God's people should, how wide, how long, how high and how deep is his love? May you experience the love of Christ though it is too great to fully understand and then you will be made complete with all of the fullness of life and power that comes from God. Now all glory to God who is able through his mighty power at work within us to accomplish infinitely more than we are able to ask or think. Glory to him in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations forever and ever and everybody said, man, those are some power packed scriptures. One's written by Luke recording how the church began in the power of the Holy Spirit. Jesus tells his disciples, do not depart from Jerusalem until you've received power from on high, until you've received the promise of the Father which you've heard from me when I said to you that you will receive power when you are baptized in the Holy Spirit. In other words, saturated and completely filled and overwhelmed with the Holy Spirit of God. And he says you're gonna receive power, that word power and Acts chapter one is the Greek word dunamos where we get the word dynamite. Jesus told him you need dynamic strength and power before you leave Jerusalem. And then when we turn over to Paul's perspective and what we just read here in Ephesians chapter three, Paul uses the same language, power, that we need power in order to encounter the living God. We need power to be able to fully comprehend the love of God. We need power for the purposes of God to be performed in our life and for us to fully walk in all that God has for us. We need power, we need church. Listen, we need the power of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is not an optional part of our Christian experience, it is a necessity. Jesus told the disciples not to leave Jerusalem and to step into their missionary call and apostolic call without the Holy Spirit and unfortunately far too many of us, especially us Western-minded, post-enlightenment Christians, we think we're able to do things in our own strength and our own intellect that Jesus told his disciples they shouldn't even attempt. And think about this, the disciples in Acts chapter one were people that were uneducated, they didn't have a seminary degree. They were kind of backwards because they were all from Galilee.  But I mean, these were not Ivy League educated seminarians. There was at least one corrupt tax agent, there were multiple fishermen, there was a member of the Jerusalem militia and there were a whole lot of other ragtag Galileans so when they went to Jerusalem, the higher ups, the educated, the religious leaders, the political leaders knew that they were from Galilee by the accent that they spoke with. But when we see them in Acts chapter one about ready to go to the upper room and pray for 10 days, they didn't know how long it was gonna take, but Jesus said, I'm about to leave, you go and you pray and you wait. It took them 10 days to receive the power from the Holy Spirit. We read about that in Acts chapter two and the day of Pentecost had fully come, God filled them all with the Holy Spirit. But while they're in Jerusalem, I want you to think about this, they did not have seminary educations, they didn't have social media accounts, how in the world did they survive without that? They didn't have a printing press, they didn't even have a printed copy of the Bible. They had the Old Testament, but they didn't have the New Testament, God was gonna use them actually to write the New Testament. They didn't have trains, they didn't have planes, and they didn't have automobiles, and they didn't have Uber. But yet when God filled that church, that early church, the early disciples, who didn't have any of the things that we have, they didn't have smartphones, they didn't have computers, they didn't have laptops, they didn't have iPads, they didn't have online resources, they didn't have the internet. But what they did have was they were filled with the power of heaven. And it propelled them to the four corners of the world. And in one generation, they were described as those who turned the world upside down. Now it has been said that insanity is defined as doing the same thing over and over, but yet expecting different results each time. I think it would be a good lesson for the American church to take a look at what we have done with our intellect, the reliance that we have put only on academics, I'm not anti-economic, I'm a book nerd. I love theology, I love studying that type of stuff, but we have put too much emphasis on, oh yeah, you're ready to do ministry if you've got a piece of paper that says that you've got a degree. They didn't have it. We put too much emphasis on our tools and our technology and our methodology. I'm grateful for all of that, we need that. But we don't need that to the exclusion of the Holy Spirit. It would be inappropriate for us to say, okay God, we don't need the Holy Spirit any longer because now we've got X. And when it comes to our relationship with the Holy Spirit, the greatest myth in the church is the myth of neutrality. What do you mean by the myth of neutrality pastor? Oh, it's this, that when it comes to the life and the empowerment of the Holy Spirit, that well, I know some people have it, I know some people want it, I'm not really comfortable with it. Gifts of spirit make me uncomfortable and so I'm just kind of neutral. I know if God wants to do it, He knows where I live. He can just do it, He can just rock me if He wants to. But I'm just kind of neutral on it. We can be actually practical cessationists, which means we believe that the power of the Holy Spirit is no longer present in the church the way that it was in the book of Acts. That's theologically called cessationism. But we can be charismatic in our statement of faith, but we can be practically cessationist in our application of faith. And in the body of Christ there is an attitude that says we're not for or we're not against. That is the myth of neutrality. Because here's what I know, especially in the day and age that we live in, if you are not pursuing the Holy Spirit, you are probably under the influence of an unholy spirit. There is no neutral ground. Jesus in Matthew 25, when he talks about the 10 virgins, he says that there were 10 virgins and they had lamps and they went out to meet and wait for the bridegroom at midnight. And when they went out, five wise virgins went out and they brought their lamps and they also brought extra oil. But there were five unwise that went out into the darkness and when it took longer than they thought, they ran out of oil and they wanted to borrow oil from the other five. How many of you know, that's like a statement right there. It's like there is no such thing as secondhand anointing. You can't borrow somebody else's. You can't borrow somebody else's oil. And the whole imagery that Jesus is talking about is in the last days, in the end times, when darkness gets darker, we need to be people that have our lamps full, not half. So in our household, Jane and I are radically different people from one another. Jane does not like being up in the front. In fact, when we go visit other churches, she makes me sit in the back. I'm a front row guy.  I like to be on the platform and teach. When she does it, you guys don't even know what a gifted is when you get Jane up here because there is weeping and gnashing of teeth that precedes her actually doing it. And when she does it, it's cause she loves you. It really has nothing to do with me. It's cause she loves you. Our personalities could not be any different. And it comes, it really shows up in the way that we manage our cars because she gets nervous when her gas gauge is below half. And for me, that's when the fun just begins. So I like to drive my car and see how far I can get unempty before I have to refill with gas. That's when the thrill, the thrill cycle starts. You know, when it goes ding, and it tells you you're low, you need to refuel. For me, that's like, let's go, it's challenge time. And so I like to see how far I can go. It makes her crazy. As soon as it's below half, she's like, honey, can you get me gas? And I fill it up for her in her car. But when she's in my car, it's my rules.  See, I think they're lying. No, I seriously do. I think that there's an engineer somewhere in Germany or Japan or even Detroit, that's like, you know, people aren't gonna listen to this. So what we need to do is build in like a gap of five to seven miles. And before that, and call that zero, but really they've got a little bit less, so they don't really, I wanna find out what that number is beyond zero. So I will drive to zero and then keep driving. And that's when your hands start sweating.  Now rarely have I ever, ever run out of gas. Until one day when I picked up my daughter, Ashley, from the Detroit airport and we were driving back on 94. And I knew that I had low gas, but I thought one more exit, one more exit. And Ashley and I hadn't seen each other in a while. So we're talking, we're just talking. Then all of a sudden, car just starts going, boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. I'm like, what is going on? What?  We were in Jackson. It was like right over in Jackson. And I'm like, oh no, because I bragged often that I never run out of gas. I know how to. So here I ran completely out of gas. I had to call Pastor Mike Popenhagen. It's a good thing we have radiant churches everywhere. So I call Pastor Mike Popenhagen, I'm like, Mike, here's a top secret. You've got to go get gas, bring it to me and never, ever tell anybody. So he went and got gas, crossed the medium, risked his life, filled my gas, put a little gas in my gas tank and we went on our way. So for me, I like to see, I like to test that. Jane doesn't. Here's the thing, that's fun to do with your car. It's terrible to do with your life.  To live your life half full. Or to see how low you can get. The Bible tells us to be continually filled with the Holy Spirit. In other words, we need to be full and staying full and being refilled over and over and over. We need to walk in the fullness of the Holy Spirit because we need the Holy Spirit. We can't do it on our own. The Holy Spirit was given as a gift to us individually and given to us as the church corporately to empower us among many other things to help us fulfill our call in Christ Jesus. So let me make this statement. I think it's impossible for each of us to truly remain faithful to Jesus and to fulfill God's call upon our lives without the Holy Spirit's empowerment. Without the Holy Spirit's empowerment. If it wasn't that way, Jesus would have told them, hey, you can wait in Jerusalem or you can go now, but it's all good. But Jesus told them, you need this.   It's necessary. That doesn't mean you can't do great things.  I'm not saying that you won't even love Jesus. I'm just saying it's going to be like driving your car on an eighth of a tank and not refilling. You're going to find yourself just like the five virgins who were running out of oil in moments that you did not plan on being in. I will just tell you that this last 11 months of leading a church as a pastor without always seeing our congregation in person.  But we've grown exponentially even by people that are online. But the challenge is I haven't been able to see so many people that we love and care for and that we pastor and lead. And in the middle of this last several months, there's been so many little changes. And I know a lot of you have experienced it leading your families or leading your life or your job or your career or teachers trying to lead online and do different things that we weren't prepared for. It had not been for the Holy Spirit this last year. I'll tell you what, it has nothing to do with my natural leadership ability. I would have been on empty. It definitely had nothing to do with my emotional tank because I was on empty many different times. But I can't tell you how many times I've cried out to God, God, I need your spirits empowerment. I need the leadership of the Holy Spirit. Lord, I preach this stuff, I need it. I need you. And you know what? God has been faithful every single time. And I'm grateful for it. And it's not just pastors. Every single one of us need this. And we don't need it during just crisis. We need it during every moment of our lives because this isn't a comfort zone we're living in. This is a battle zone. The comfort zone is when we get to heaven and when we see him face to face and we receive a reward and there's no more devil, no more sickness, no more enemies, no more temptation. That's gonna be glory. But on this side of eternity, we are in a battle zone. There is a real devil. There is a real enemy. There is a real war and we have real weapons and we need real power from the Holy Spirit. If I was in another church, they might've clapped there, but that's okay. That's okay. Oh, no, no, it's too late now. Nope, nope, nope, it's too late now. It's too late, it's okay. See, I believe not only on an individual level, but I believe it's impossible for our church, any church to fulfill its God-given purpose for the church without the Holy Spirit's empowerment. I'm just gonna make this message as simple as I can. If you write one thing down out of this weekend's message, write this down. We need the Holy Spirit. We need the Holy Spirit. Way more than we think we do. Way more than we might believe that we do. Way more than maybe we've ever been told we need the Holy Spirit to face the onslaught of the spirit of this age. We need the empowerment of the Holy Spirit to overcome temptation. We need the Holy Spirit to read the Word of God, which I preached on last weekend. We need the Holy Spirit. The letter of the law kills, but the Spirit gives life. The same Holy Spirit that inspired the words of this scripture wants to illuminate them to our heart and bring about sanctification and transformation in our lives. In order to read the Bible well, we need the Holy Spirit. In order to pray, we need the Holy Spirit. Do you know that Romans 8, Paul says that when we come to the end of ourselves and we don't know how to pray as we ought to, it says it's in that moment that the Holy Spirit intercedes on our behalf with groanings and sounds out of the deepest place of our hearts that words can't even describe the Holy Spirit intercedes on our behalf according to the will of God for us. We can't even pray without the Holy Spirit. We need the Holy Spirit to deal with difficult people. Anybody know any difficult people? Do not raise your hand if you're sitting next to them right now. Please. But listen, we need the Holy Spirit to deal with difficult people. Can I just be honest? We need a Holy Spirit to deal with ourselves. Sometimes I am the most difficult person in my own life. I can't even get away from me. There's times I'll see myself on video because they put videos of me on a walk into the service and I see myself up on the screen. And honestly, I'm just like, are you kidding me? I do not wanna see or hear my voice for a long period of time. Some people are like, oh, is that a narcissist? His name in the face is, trust me, I would never hear my voice after, if I could preach a sermon and never hear it again, that would be glory. Because sometimes I am the most difficult person that I deal with. The Holy Spirit, the fruit of the Holy Spirit, I need that in my life. And as a church, as a radiant church, when we say that we are a spirit-empowered church, what I mean is, number one, that we acknowledge him, we welcome the person of the Holy Spirit. We acknowledge him. We acknowledge him. We say, Holy Spirit, come. The Holy Spirit is not a force. He's not the emanating power that comes from God. He is God. He is the third person of the triune Godhead. He is God.  And we welcome the Holy Spirit. We acknowledge the Holy Spirit.  Maybe we acknowledge him doctrinally in our creeds, but there's a difference between acknowledging the existence of someone and actually having a relationship with someone. There are a lot of people I know and believe exist, but that doesn't mean that I have or want to have a relationship with them. God wants to have a relationship with us. Jesus wants to have a relationship with us. Can I blow your mind? The Holy Spirit wants to have a relationship with us. He wants to know us. He wants to be welcomed in our lives, and he wants us to know him. 2 Corinthians 13, verse 14 says, Paul writes, he says, may the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God, and then listen to this, the fellowship of the Holy Spirit. Be with you all. The fellowship of the Holy Spirit. We talk about fellowship with one another, but the Holy Spirit wants to have fellowship with us as well. When I think of fellowship, it's the Greek word koinonia, and it means brotherhood or relationship that are centered around a common purpose. And we have that with one another. I mean, I grew up and we always had potlucks in the basement of our church, New York Bible Church. I mean, Cinderblock Church, my grandparents went to, and we had potluck. You'd have church, then everybody to go to the basement, everybody bring a dish to pass. Mrs. Blackstone would bring her soggy taco salad.  Do you know the Holy Spirit wants to have that with you as well? He doesn't just want us to acknowledge his existence. He wants us to welcome him, Jesus didn't just allow the Holy Spirit, Jesus actually sent the Holy Spirit. And why would we think that Jesus would send something that was optional, or send something that was weird or strange or wasn't going to be good for us? See, when we learn and we grow in our relationship with the Holy Spirit, what we recognize is that what Jesus said is very true. The Holy Spirit is our comforter, he's our teacher, he's our leader, and what did Jesus say? He said, he will lead you and guide you into all truth, into all truth. The spirit of this age wants to lead you into all deception. The antidote to the spirit of this age is to be filled with the Holy Spirit so he can lead you into all truth. This is why it's so important, and so as a church, we say that we acknowledge and we welcome the person of the Holy Spirit, number two, we pursue the person, the power, the gifts, and the fruit of the Holy Spirit. We're intentional about this, this is important to us. So we're not just going to believe, but we wanna pursue the person that's relationship, the power, the fruit, and the gifts of the Holy Spirit. Ephesians 5.18, Paul said, to continually be filled with the Holy Spirit, to be filled over and over and over and over and over and over and over with the Holy Spirit. Why do we have to keep being filled with the Holy Spirit? It's because as human beings, spiritually we leak. And so God fills us and then we give it out, and sometimes there's little fractures or fissures or conflicts or crisis or battles that we find ourselves in, and the Holy Spirit is from a relational dynamic, it leaks and we need to be refilled over and over and over again. This is what it means to pursue the presence, the person, and the power of the Holy Spirit. We desperately need this. The nine gifts of the Holy Spirit that are listed in 1 Corinthians, listen to this, verses eight through 11 in 1 Corinthians 12. To one is given the spirit of the utterance of wisdom and to another, the utterance of knowledge, according to the same spirit. To another, faith by the same spirit. To another, gifts of healing by one spirit. And to another, working the miracles. To another, prophecy. And to another, the ability to distinguish between spirits. To another, various kinds of tongues. And to another, the interpretation of tongues. All of these, all of these are empowered by one and the same spirit who apportions each one individually as he wills. So who's the giver, it's the Holy Spirit. Who does he give him to, whoever he wants to? Here's what I want you to know. If you are born again, you have the Holy Spirit. And if you have the Holy Spirit, you have everything the Holy Spirit has to offer. Which means if the gifts that we just listed off, a better translation of that by the way is the manifestations of the Spirit. The way the Holy Spirit manifests himself. If you have the Holy Spirit, that means all nine of the gifts I just listed off are in you because they are manifestations of the Holy Spirit. We don't get the gifts without the Spirit. When you get the Spirit, you have the gifts. But unfortunately, what we do is we treat the Holy Spirit sometimes like a salad bar. And it's like, wow, I got my lettuce, that's salvation.  I like onions, croutons, bacon, of course. Everybody loves bacon. Put the bacon on there. And we kind of customize our relationship with the Holy Spirit.  Everything that I have. It's amazing to me over the years how people like to customize the gifts of the Spirit. It's like, oh, I love discerning. I mean, I have the gift of discernment. That's awesome. But that's not the only gift you have. Well, God's only giving me the gift of discernment. No, he's giving you the Holy Spirit. You can have all of the gifts. Well, I really, really like discernment. And I like the word of knowledge and the word of wisdom. But that prophecy stuff, ooh, that's a little kooky. Or they might say, well, I like prophecy. I like healing, miracles, that would be awesome. Word of wisdom, word of knowledge, faith, miracles, healing, those are all fine, but that tongues thing.  And it's like, whoa, what did I do? Well, it's there, so leave it. It's not gonna mess anything up, but only the crazies will go for it. It's like, Jesus, why didn't you stop me? What was I thinking? It was like one of those days, I guess. Instead of recognizing, that's a beautiful ability to pray in an unknown heavenly language that bypasses our intellect where our doubt and our unbelief and our pride is all located and the Holy Spirit praying out of us in a language we don't even understand that goes directly to the heart of the Father according to the will of God. And the devil can't understand it and you can't, but God does.  Yay, God. I've had people say, Pastor Lee, do you believe in tongues? I believe it to the bone. I pray in the spirit every single day. Do you know why people who don't believe in tongues are terrible barbecuers? It's because they burn their food all the time. They're not using the tongues. Sorry, I just had to lighten it up a little bit. I just had to lighten it up because you're all looking at me like, really, he speaks in tongues? Yeah, okay. And I do because it's the beauty of spiritual language. I can't tell you how many times I have not know how to pray. And I've prayed in the spirit. And the Bible says in Jude, it says building yourself up in your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Spirit. And just like putting jumper cables of heaven onto my drained soul battery, the Holy Spirit begins to pray and builds and recharges my soul. It's wonderful. It's not weird at all. Sometimes here's what happens.  It's a crazy show. And so we've seen weird stuff done in the name of the Holy Spirit. And so people have said, Holy Spirit equals weird. And that's not at all true. There is nothing weird about the Holy Spirit. There's nothing strange about the Holy Spirit. People. And here's the reality. The Holy Spirit works through people. I grew up and before there was ever such a thing as bottled water, we drank out of hoses.  They would have said, are you kidding me? When I grew up and you went outside to play in the summer and you got thirsty, you didn't like walking to the house going, hey, Mom, where are those Fuji? I'm really looking for like the 20 ounce of Fuji. Now you drank out of the hose or you drank out of the faucet. Can I get a witness up in here? You know what I'm talking about. All the under 25s are like, really? You like drink out of a hose? Yeah, drink out of a garden hose. And in the summer when that hose got really hot and you were right and then you turned it on and you're just like, what did that water taste like? It tasted like the hose. Was there anything wrong with the water? No, it just took on the flavor of what it was flowing through. Can I just tell you in the body of Christ there are a lot of hosers. And when the Holy Spirit is flowing through them, there's nothing wrong with the Holy Spirit. It's the vessel he's working through. Don't reject the water because of the hose. We believe in the gifts of the Spirit. We believe in the nine fruit of the Holy Spirit. Somebody's getting touched right now. We believe in pursuing the nine fruit of the Holy Spirit just like the nine gifts of the Holy Spirit. Galatians five says, but the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such, there is no law. What are these characteristics of? They're the personality traits of the Holy Spirit that when we are walking in the empowerment and pursuing the person of the Holy Spirit and letting his word get a grip into our hearts, it begins to produce the character of the Holy Spirit in us. We begin to yield to the Holy Spirit. Theologically it's called sanctification where he's making us holy.  Well, it's because patience, kindness, goodness, your words begin to reflect. Life starts to flow out of you.  I used to get defensive, but now kindness, care, compassion, faithfulness, I keep my word, gentleness. And you know, my prayer is that as I get older, not only physically, but spiritually, it's like, Lord, I am so sorry for the years that I wasted of not walking in the fruit of the Holy Spirit. And Lord, would you make me more like you? Would you make me more like you? I want more of the fruit of the Holy Spirit in my life. I'm like everybody else. We're flesh and blood. We're human beings. We have a tendency to be the opposite of these things. I'm not very patient person. Sometimes instead of peace, I have stress. Instead of joy, I've got sadness. Instead of love, I've got anger. But I'm asking the Holy Spirit, Lord, I want this. Spirit of living God, you have permission. You have an invitation to make me more like Jesus. Last thing I wanna say is this number three is as a church, this is so important. We depend upon the leading and the working of the Holy Spirit. We depend on it. We depend on it. John 16 verse 12 through 14, Jesus said, I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. When the spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears, he will speak and he will declare it to you the things that are to come and he will glorify me, for he will take of what is mine and he will declare it to you. When we look at the life of Jesus, here's what we recognize. Jesus, the Son of God, was led by the Holy Spirit. He was led by the Holy Spirit. Matthew four once says Jesus was led up by the spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. What we see when we read about the disciples is that the disciples received leadership of the Holy Spirit. He led them. In Acts 13 verse two, it says, while they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, set apart for me Paul and Barnabas under the work in which I've called them. So we see it in Jesus and we see it in the disciples. And do you know, you and I are called also to be led by the Holy Spirit. Galatians five 25 says, since we are living by the spirit, let us also follow the spirit's leading in every part of our lives. In every part we're called to be led by the Holy Spirit. Why that is important is because if we're not being led by the Holy Spirit, we're not inviting his leadership. We're not growing in our ability to hear his voice, sense his presence, pursuing his power. If that's not a reality of our lives, then we're being led by other things. We're being led by our instincts. We're being led by our desires and our deceitful passions. We're being led by our body. We're being led by secular culture. We're being led by the media. We're being led by people's opinions of us instead of being led by the Holy Spirit of God. And here's what I want you to know on an individual level and as a church, our number one priority is that we are a spirit-led church. We are not led by men. We are led by the Holy Spirit of God. We believe it's normal to be supernatural and we believe that you can be supernaturally normal because the Holy Spirit is not strange. He's beautiful, he's powerful, he's wise, he's good. And here's the best part, he's available. He's willing and he's ready to lead and guide, empower each and every one of us. I wanna invite you wherever you're at to stand with me as we pray today, speaking of being spirit-led. You know, Romans chapter eight says, those who are sons of God are those who are led by the Spirit of God. Almost every time I come out here to preach God's word, I have a prayer that I pray sometimes with our team, sometimes with Jane, sometimes just by myself. And it's this, Holy Spirit, lead me and lead this service.  What are you saying to us? And it was a very simple answer. Just felt the impression, the prompting of the Holy Spirit to me to just say, lead them in a prayer of invitation because the open door is our heart saying, I want you and our mouth inviting the Holy Spirit to empower us. So wherever you're at, I just want you right now, if you would, to just bow your heads, close your eyes, make space between you and God. You might even just lift up your hands in His presence. It's a sign of surrender, of submission. When we worship, you might be new to a church like ours and wonder, why does everybody have their hands lifted up? It's for a couple of reasons. Number one, Psalm says, lift up your hands in the sanctuary and bless the Lord. But in the New Testament, it says, I wish that men when they pray would lift up holy hands without wrath or doubting. And it's a universal sign of surrender, submission and worship. It's biblical, this is why we do it. So if it's new to you, add it into your experience with the Lord because it's exactly that.  And it's not just about this moment, it's about the rest of your life. It starts now, but He wants to take you on a journey of revealing Jesus, glorifying Jesus, but then also entering in a fellowship with you as you pursue Him. But what He's looking for from you is a welcome, an invitation, a heart that says, Lord, I want you. Here's the simple phrase that I believe if we will utter this out of deep conviction and faith, the Holy Spirit will come rushing to us.  And the prayer is this, Holy Spirit, I welcome you. I welcome your gifts, I welcome your work, I welcome your power, and I long for your fruit. Holy Spirit, lead me, fill me, overflow me. Now, Father, I thank you that you said in your word that if we ask you for the Holy Spirit, you won't give us a snake, you're not gonna give us a serpent. If we ask you for the Holy Spirit, if we hunger and thirst, we will be filled. I'm praying that beginning today, for many of us, this is the start of a journey of walking in the purpose, the power, and the presence of the Holy Spirit. Lord, let it affect the way that we worship. Let it affect the way that we witness. Let it affect the way that we live our lives and make decisions. The way that we read the Bible, the way that we love one another. Holy Spirit, come, come and rest on us. We pray.


You're welcome back to the Breakfast and Plots TV Africa. It's now time for Today in History, and I'm going back to the year 1996 to tell you about a very special woman whose name is etched in gold, because she claims gold. And her name is Chiawa Chiawa Ajawa. It was in this day in history that she actually took a break from the Niger police force. She had been a police officer to go represent her motherland in this event. It was great to see that she won very well, received lots of promises of a house and all of that, which she didn't receive for many years after. But it was good to know that in 2020, in 2021, just two months ago in June, the Lagos State government did fulfill that promise to her. But it was in this day in history that she received the first individual gold for jumping the length of 7.12 meters at her very first try in the finals of the games. Ajawa had this Olympic good medal in Atlanta, and she also received a national award. And to date, Ajawa remains the only woman to compete at both the FIFA Women's World Cup as a footballer and at the Olympics as a track and field athlete. She's also a member of the Nigerian police force to date, and she launched the Chiawa Ajawa Opera Foundation, and that's to discover new sports talents. I mean, there's so many things I won't say about Chiawa Ajawa, but I'll start with saying how over time, and we're still saying it today, that this is going to be a very risky point, but we're still saying it today that people from the Southeast really have put Nigeria on the very, very best spotlights. And how's that risky to say? Isn't it kind of fast? A lot of people will say, oh, you know, why are you focusing on that? But really, if you look at the records that we always celebrate, and if you look at the names for people who represent Nigeria today in the Olympics, basketball, athletics, even those who you would always see their names pop up here, they represent other countries, still from the Southeast, sadly, but I just thought it was interesting to share that the Southeast owners have, on their own, always, always, always put Nigeria on the very, very best spotlights. You don't have to feel guilty.  You're not saying others are not doing well, but these people are doing well. I love it so much. Anyway, let's also talk Olympics now. We're going back to, undoubtedly, if you're going to think about the five moments where Nigeria celebrated, this one would definitely make the top two or top three moments in our history. I can't remember any other time that the country has celebrated as much as we celebrated on the 3rd of August in 1996 after Nigeria won the Olympic gold in football, the men's football team. We had beat Brazil first and they eventually played Argentina in the final, where a couple of goals down, eventually, then, you know, re-qualized and then won that game and won the Olympic gold in football. Undoubtedly, Nigeria's happiest moments in a very, very long time. I don't think there's anything in, well, maybe except in 1998. I don't think there's any other thing that has beaten that level of happiness as a country, but it was on this day... No, on this day, actually, on the 3rd of August, we're just bringing it back because we're talking Olympics today, that Nigeria won the Olympic gold in football. Some other thing that I want to point out here is what we did in 1996 compared to what we're doing in 2021. Now, we're talking Esa Brume and Blessing Oboro Dudu. But 1996, look at these names of medalists from Chioma Jawa, you know, who did women's long-jump gold to, of course, the whole Nigerian men's soccer team. You know, all of them. The names are plenty. Abiodum Abafemi, Austin O'Coach, Celestin Babayaro, Amokachi, Immanuel Lamunike, Babayaro, Gaba Lawal, Mobyo Baraku, Joseph Dosu, Teslim Fatusi, Tijani Babangida, Victor Ekpeba, Wilson O'Ruma. It's a long list of names. There's also for Silva, Falila Tugunkoya, Bissia Fulabi, Fatima Yusuf, charity of Para, who won the women's silver in the 4x400 meters relay. Bronze, Falila Tugunkoya, who won the women's 400 meters. Mirion Yali, who won women's 200 meters. And then Duncan Dokiwari, who won boxing and bronze, rather for men's super heavyweight boxing. That was the, you know, list of names in 1996. In 2021, we have just two names. And that's it. It's a wrap. Go home. Wait for 2020 or next year's Olympic Games. You know, and hope that we might do better. That really, for me, is painting a picture of where we were in 96 compared to where we are today. You know the sad thing that I noticed? It's just unfortunate that when we talk about Nigeria's history, there seems to be like lots of glorious things to talk about where we're coming from, especially post-independence. That, oh, Nigeria was great. Food prices were cheap, this and that. And you're looking at now, the 2021s. And you're finding, it seems like we're a shadow of ourselves. Look at sports history. We beat other football clubs like Brazil, Argentina. These guys were the heavyweights of that time. We beat them all hands down. But today, what have we seen in the Olympics? We're not even part of the spree, so, you know, we didn't even make the, you know, make the Olympics, both male and female teams. So it's sad.  You know, to every guest that we interviewed this morning, we'll see how it goes. And I don't think we're a shadow of ourselves. A shadow of a shadow of ourselves. We're a shadow. It's a terrible team. Sunday Darius after you. Yeah. Stay with us, all right? Our first conversation this morning, we're going to be talking, you know, I'm breaking down the conversation concerning Andrew's Olympics journey. And we're starting with preparations. How well did we prepare for the Olympics? What were the things that we missed out on in getting our, you know, Olympics team ready for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics? We'll get into that conversation next after the short break. Good morning once again. We'll be back.


So this lecture is part of an online course on Galois theory, and we will be talking about Arbeau's theorem. This is the very famous theorem, so general Quintic cannot be solved by radicals. So Quintic just means an equate polynomial of degree 5x to the 5 plus ax to the 4 plus bx cubed plus cx squared plus dx plus e. And solvable by radicals means you can't write down the solutions explicitly in terms of a, b, c, d and e using the field operations and taking nth roots of something where n is allowed to be anything at all. So a little bit later we're going to show that you can solve polynomials of degree 3 and 4 by radicals. Of course everybody knows how to do a degree 2 if you've got ax squared plus bx plus c equals nought, then x is minus b plus minus the square root of b squared minus 4ac over 2a. So the formulas for cubics and quartics are really rather messy to write out explicitly, but you can do them. What Arbeau done showed is that you can't do this for degree 5 equations. So what we're going to do is, well, first of all, we're going to work over a characteristic zero field such as the rationals. There are some additional complications for fields of characteristic greater than zero that I'll occasionally mention. So we'll usually be assuming have a default assumption that the field is characteristic zero unless I say otherwise. And what we're going to do is to show that if alpha can be expressed by radicals over a field k of characteristic zero, then alpha is contained in a finite solvable Galois extension of k. So solvable just means the Galois group is solvable. And we recall from the earlier group theory course that what this means is there's a chain of subgroups, 1 equals g0 contained in g1, contained in g2 and so on, contained in gn equals g, so that gi is a normal subgroup of gi plus 1 and gi plus 1 over gi is abelian. Actually, you can also assume that cyclic if you want, it doesn't really make much difference. So in other words, g can be kind of split up into abelian or even cyclic subgroups. So in order to show that a fifth degree polynomial cannot be solved by radicals, what you want to do is to find a polynomial of degree 5 whose Galois group is non-solvable. And there's one easy way to do this that we had before. You can take the rationals, take x1 up to x5 and take the subfield fixed by the symmetric group of order 5. So as we said earlier, this will be q e1 up to e5 where these are the elementary symmetric functions. So e1 is x1 plus x5 and so on. And then if we take the fifth degree polynomial x5 minus e1 x4 and so on, it has roots x1 up to x5. And since s5 is not solvable, this means that x1 up to x5 cannot be expressed in radicals using e1 up to e5. So the key point is that the symmetric group s5 is not solvable. You may remember from group theory that the symmetric groups s1 up to s4 are solvable, which is why we can solve polynomials degrees 1 to 4 by radicals, at least in characteristic zero. Well, okay, that shows there's, you can't write down a general formula that works simultaneously for all polynomials, but it doesn't quite rule out the possibility of doing it for any particular polynomial with integer coefficients. So some polynomials with integer coefficients you certainly can solve by radicals. For example, if we take x to the 5 minus 2, well, I can certainly solve this one by radicals and just take x as the fifth root of 2. And you could imagine that maybe by some sort of funny coincidence, every single polynomial that happened to have integer coefficients would have a solvable Galois group, even though the general polynomial doesn't. So we have to rule that out. So can we find a polynomial with integer coefficients or rational coefficients with non-solvable Galois group. Now, normally working out the Galois group of a polynomial of degree 5 is a real pain, but there's a rather easy trick for finding a few examples with Galois group S5, which is suppose that the polynomial f of x, let's let's work over the integers, is irreducible degree 5 and has exactly two non-real roots. It's easy to find examples of such polynomials, for instance x to the 5 minus 4x plus 2. You can easily check that its graph sort of looks something like that. It's got exactly three real roots. It's irreducible by Eisenstein. So why if it has these properties is it's Galois group S5. Well, the Galois group is contained in S5, which is just the permutations of all the roots. And its order is divisible by 5 because the polynomial is irreducible. So the first, when you add one root of it, you get an extension of degree 5 and you might get a higher extension by adding further roots. You might not. Who knows? Whatever, its order is divisible by 5, so g has a 5 cycle. Now there are exactly two non-real roots, so g contains a transposition. That's just an element that exchanges two roots and fixes the others. And this transposition is easy, it's just complex conjugation. Since there are exactly two non-real roots, complex conjugation flips those and fixes the others. Now we can see that any subgroup of S5 containing a transposition and a 5 cycle is the whole of S5. And that's easy to see. We may as well take the transposition as 1, 2. And what's the 5 cycle going to do? Well it's going to map 1 to something and something to something else. And what we can do is we can raise the 5 cycle to some power, so it maps 1 to 2. So a power of the 5 cycle is 1, well it maps 1 to 2 and then we may as well re-label all the other elements so that the 5 cycle is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. So by renumbering the 5 roots we can arrange that the transposition and the 5 cycle are like those. But then conjugates of 1, 2 under 5 cycle. Well conjugates just mean you re-label these elements according to the cycle. So its conjugates are going to be 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5 and 5, 1 but we don't really care about that. And now it's well known and easy to check that these generate the symmetric group S5. Details of that are in the course on group theory if you want to look them up. So we found an explicit polynomial over the rationals that can't be solved by radicals. By the way if you're wondering about this condition that there are exactly two complex roots it actually is essential. So we can ask what if there are zero or four complex roots. Well in these cases an irreducible 50 degree polynomial might indeed be solvable by radicals. For example x to the 5 minus 2 has four complex roots and it's irreducible and it's obviously solvable by radicals. In fact we can take a quick look at what goes on because this will be an example of what we're going to do later. So how do we find the splitting field of this? Well we do it in two steps. First of all we add in the fifth roots of 1 and there are there are four primitive fifth roots. So you remember x to the 5 minus 1 over x minus 1 is x to the 4 plus x cubed plus x squared plus x plus 1 which is irreducible. So if we write this out in the complex plane the four we're going to add the four primitive fifth roots of 1 like that. So we get an extension q contains in q zeta where zeta is say one of these primitive fifth roots of 1. And now we add in fifth root of 2. So we get q contains q zeta contains q the fifth root of 2 together with zeta. And now this extension is normal and for that matter Galois. Notice if we just add in the fifth root of 2 we wouldn't get a normal extension. We first need to add in the fifth root of unity. And now we can sort of see what the Galois group is because the Galois group of this we saw earlier is just the little abelian group of order 4 which consists of the units of the integers mod 5 whereas this bit of the Galois group well we can multiply the fifth root of 2 by any fifth root of unity. So the Galois group of this bit is z over 5z. So all together we've got a group of order 20 and you can check it's actually none abelian because this group z modulo 5z star acts non-trovian z modulo 5z. By the way remember when you go to a Galois group the groups are sort of upside down to the field. So if you have the Galois group the z over 5z is a normal subgroup of the Galois group and the group divided by z over 5z is this group of order 4 z over 5z star. So it's very confusing because the here we have a subfield but the subfield doesn't correspond to this subgroup it corresponds to a quotient group and in this particular case this quotient group also happens to be a subgroup but in general it won't be. So the point of this example is that we're getting a solvable extension but we get in two steps. We first add in roots of unity then we add in the radical that we're really interested in. So that's an example with four complex roots. What about an example with zero complex roots? Well this doesn't have to be non-solvable either. For example we could take cosine of 2 pi over 11 which is equal to zeta plus zeta to minus 1 where zeta is a primitive 11th root of 1. So why are we taking 11? Well see if I can draw 11 things correctly so we get 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4. Okay so here we've got 11 roots of unity and one of them is the number one which we're not really interested in and then we can project the others onto the real line and as usual we get these numbers cosine of 2 pi over 11 cosine of 4 pi over 11 and so on and all together we get 5 of these which is why it shows 11 because 11 minus 1 over 2 is 5 and we can ask what is the Galois group of the fields generated by these? Well we sort of did this for cosine of 2 pi over 7 and it's pretty similar here so the Galois group of q of zeta over q is just c over 11z star which is cyclic of order 10 and the Galois group of cosine of 2 pi over 11 modulo q will be a quotient group of this where we quotient out by the element plus or minus 1 so this is isomorphic to a cyclic group of order 5. So what we've got here is a polynomial with it's an irreducible polynomial with five real roots which are these numbers cosine of 2 pi over 11 4 pi over 11 and so on and its Galois group is definitely solvable in fact it's even cyclic of order 5 so we really did need to assume there were exactly two complex roots if there are any other number of complex roots that doesn't force it to be non-solvable although of course it might be. Well so that's given some examples of fifth-degree polynomials with non-solvable Galois groups but now we better explain why if an equation is solvable by radicals we get a solvable Galois extension so what I want to do is to sketch this implication. So suppose something is solvable by radicals we're going to construct the Galois extension in several steps so first of all we add in all roots of unity we need and so we're going to take our field k which might be the rationals and add in a root of unity of some high order it's going to be a root of unity of order n where n is big enough so that so that every radical we're taking is a radical of order dividing n and we can ask what is the so we're going to take this to be a splitting field of x the n minus one for some large n and remember we're working characteristic zero so this is actually a separable polynomial. If you work in characteristic p one of the complications is that this polynomial is no longer separable in general. Anyway the Galois group the elements of the Galois group all take zeta to some power of i sorry to some power of zeta where i is in z modulo nz star. Now it's not necessarily true that all elements of z modulo nz turn up in the Galois group that depends on the field k we're going to show what they do for the rationals but in general they don't so and as usual the zeta to the i times if we compose the automorphism taking zeta to the i and zeta to the j we get zeta to the ij so the Galois group is a subgroup of z over nz star in particular it's abelian and therefore solvable. As I said it may not be the whole of this group it's sometimes less but it doesn't really matter if it's smaller than this because it's still abelian and that's all we really care about. Now once we've got once we've added in all the roots of unity the next step is to so let's put k1 equals k with our root of unity then let's put k2 equals k1 together with some nth root of an element alpha in in k1 and let's put k3 to be k2 where we apply some other root sorry this doesn't have to be an nth root it could be some other root and so we built up a tower of fields like this except that's not quite right well we saw the problem with this earlier the problem is that kn might not be so kn might not be normal just recall the very simple example of this you might take q contains in q root 2 contains in q with square root of the square root of 2 and then this extension here is not normal well that's quite easy to fix the reason is this that this isn't normal is we only took the square root of this number and we forgot to take the square root of all its conjugate so what we should really do is take q square root of the square root of 2 and then we take the square root of the square root of minus 2 so these are the conjugates of the square root of 2 so when we're building up these fields we shouldn't take k2 to be k1 where we we take a root of alpha 1 we should take it k1 with nth root of alpha 1 and the nth root of all conjugates of alpha 1 and similarly we shouldn't take k3 to just take a root of alpha 2 but we should take it to be k2 with some root of alpha 2 and all conjugates under the galva group and and if we remember to put in all the conjugates this ensures that each of these fields is going to be normal and we also need to know what does the galva group of this look like well what's the galva group of let's take a field l nth root of alpha over l where l contains the nth roots of 1 and we're assuming it contains exactly n nth roots of 1 so it's not in doesn't have characters dividing n or anything like that then the galva group consists of elements taking the nth root of alpha to the nth root of alpha times zeta to the k for some k in z modulo nz because any nth root of alpha must be the nth root of alpha we first thought of times times some power of our primitive nth root of unity and you can see the composition of these automorphisms corresponds to addition in z modulo nz so the galva group of this is a subgroup of z modulo nz as before it doesn't necessarily have to be the whole of z modulo nz but again this doesn't matter it's a subgroup of a cyclic group so in particular this group here is abelian so every time we add an nth root we get a normal extension with a cyclic galva group so what happens is we can get a chain of fields we get various fields like this up to k whatever it is such that each of these groups is a normal extension with galva group abelian so it's either contained in z modulo nz star or it's contained in z modulo nz for some where n is the largest possible where n is something big enough so it includes all possible radicals we're taking so but you remember by including radicals of all conjugates we could also arrange that this extension here was normal and therefore galva because we're working in characteristic zero so we've got a chain of fields such that each field is a is an abelian extension of the one earlier now if we look at the corresponding galva groups i guess that shouldn't be an m now each of these is um so each of these groups is a normal subgroup of the earlier one and the quotient is abelian so it's one of these groups here so the galva group with the whole extension we've got is therefore solvable because we can break it up into abelian groups so this completes the sketch of arbor's theorem that fifth degree polynomials are not solvable by radicals we can ask the converse if the galva group is solvable can we represent elements in the field so i suppose we've got k in m can we represent elements of m using radicals and the answer to this turns out to be no in general there are actually some problems in characteristic p that we're going to discuss but it turns out to be true in characteristic zero and this is what we want to talk about next you see that if the extension is solvable we can split it up into a lot of extensions each of which has a galva group that is cyclic of order p so we have the following problem suppose we have a galva extension k over m with galva group a cyclic group of prime order um using p for that is probably bad since p isn't necessarily the characteristic but anyway then we can say what can we say about the extension l over k and this question is going to be the topic of the next lecture so we want to describe the simplest sorts of galva extensions which are those whose galva group is cyclic of prime order


So I'm Langdon White. I'm actually a faculty member at Boston University. I teach the very, very intro to data science.  I'm gonna kind of act as both the moderator as well as maybe answer some of the questions so that should be entertaining for all of you. We'll see how that goes. So Satish, do you wanna start off and tell us a little bit about who you are? Sure, Satish Paranum. I'm the technical leader at cloud, dealing with a lot of cloud-related things, experimenting primarily, and a lot of community engagement that part of my team also does. So that's me. All right, and then next up we have Becky. Hello, I'm Becky Riss and I'm a principal architect and responsible for dev tools and developer relations. And my team helps build different platforms and services that our developers at Ford use to accelerate their ability to deliver code for the company. Our screen keeps flashing on and off, which is kind of cool. All right, maybe it's not Fedora. Trust me. All right, so I did mention that I was a professor at BU, right? So I do this like multiple times a week. But yeah, so lastly about me, I'm Langdon White, as I mentioned, I teach at Boston University. I used to be at Red Hat. I was also a software consultant for about 15 years. But I also had up, I'm the technical director for our experiential learning component. And so we do, so I kind of teach both ends of the spectrum, like first semester freshman year and like second semester senior and graduate students and the gap between them is sometimes really difficult for my brain. As you can see, I have three kids, managed to get them all in one picture. So I think I deserve some congratulations for that because that's always a challenge. But now to kind of get into the actual panel, so what we're kind of here to talk about is that how do we kind of bring Kubernetes and kind of a cloud native development kind of component into a large organization that has been doing things a lot of different ways for many years. And my perspective, I don't have, I have students who don't have kind of prior knowledge but have in a lot of ways similar problems. And we're kind of also here representing Kubernetes by example or Q by example, which I always call by its wrong name. And I do a live stream show where I interview people about what's going on in Kubernetes about monthly. And then there's all these learning tasks on Q by example. And I think Ford's found some good success with it. So that's kind of what we're here to talk about. I'm gonna sit down now and hopefully stop turning towards the mic when I talk so that I don't change my volume as bad. So my first kind of lead question was, what brought your organization to Kubernetes in the first place? Like what was compelling about kind of the investment in making such a big change in your development organization? You wanna start with Satish? Sure. We've been on a multi-year Kubernetes. I'm like, I would say modernization cloud journey. I think it all started way back in 2016 with the four paths app. Everybody does an app. So we have to have an app. So we did an app, which we have been modernizing ever since. Alongside at the same time, we started with Cloud Foundry as a, and then Cloud Foundry was great. Work beautifully for microservices, 12 factor. But then there is always a state somewhere. Where do you put state? And that time we were juggling with interesting ways of doing state in the data centers. So Kubernetes was an interesting opportunity for us to actually, can we manage state for those things? I think we always used to call internally as table stake services. Cloud Foundry, 12 factor is great. But where do you run your data services? Redis, MySQL, Postgres, all over the world. So that's basically what started our Kubernetes journey. And primarily stateful with a lot of people finds surprising. Right, right, yeah. Yeah, I think it's one of the common challenges, right? When you start talking about cloud native applications, a lot of organizations, there's a lot of state there. And it's often really expensive to refactor everything, right? So you sometimes just want to tolerate it until you build that thing again. And then you can kind of do it without a state list. Did you want to add to? Yeah, so my team works closely with Satish and his team who kind of experiment and decide what technology we can do and how we can build it and use it at Ford. And my team takes that and kind of operationalizes it or builds the platforms that developers can use and adopt. So we're like frickin' frack, I said. We're good partners in helping to create those platforms so each of our developers don't have to solve the same problems and be able to utilize those platforms to deliver software. Yeah, so also to kind of talk about it from my perspective, kind of with students, our challenge is when a student is presented with development problems, right? They think very, very serially, right? They're said, okay, here's a piece of code, now make it do this other thing. And it's really hard for them to kind of start to wrap their head around something like Kubernetes because you're kind of describing the state you want to have happen, right? And you have to kind of think non-serially, right? You have to think about things all kind of happening at once. And I think that's one of the biggest struggles that I have with students is like how do you explain, well, first of all, I have to start off with why do we care about things like containers and then why do you need something like orchestration? Then once I get past that, I have to start to explain, okay, now one of the development models that we're seeing that's getting increasingly useful is this kind of describing a state you want to be in and that that's a much better way to run the computer because the computer then can be responsible for making sure we get there, right? than a human having to manually code every single step. So it's kind of like, as I said, we don't have as much legacy kind of information but I have a lot more baseline I've got to provide to even get to the point where they understand why orchestration is important and then some. So we wanted to also ask as basically we got kind of connected because of your usage of the QBuyExample site which is basically a site that tries to help with the baseline components about understanding Kubernetes and it's community based, it's open source, et cetera and so what was it that kind of drew you to it? Yeah. So my team has been responsible for kind of helping our developers learn and grow and up skill and for many years before that site was available to us we had to create that content, right? We had to deploy it, we had to educate, we had to consult and we found many great use cases to use that material now and it saves us time, right? We can point to the site, we can ask people to take advantage of those learning modules and those examples and then work with them instead on their specific use cases that might go the next step further and that's been really helpful to us. So we're actually being able to focus on those higher level tasks and help in the organization move past that. So it's a great resource to us. So if I could add, so one of the things that I would add is that QBuyExample is a great thing that can give you a wide sized thing. You don't have to read the entire Kubernetes.io docs to get started. It's very similar to getting an owner's manual, you go back buy a new TV or a car. You do get it, take a book, nowadays they give you an electronic book. The idea is that you know where the steering wheel is, where the brake pedals are, the accelerator is. It's the same thing with QBuyExample. Gives you a very high level introduction to all of those concepts. But then we take it the next level in eternally, is that how do we actually take that, turn it into a working, living example. So we took another inspiration from another CNCF project called Spark Info. So take that, that basically epitomizes all the best practices of how to use Kubernetes, how to do HA, how to do DR, how to you know, things like label certain things. And then we turn that into a working YAMLs. I know YAMLs is boring, we're talking about Kubernetes. That goal is that to give you a functional YAML that is decorated with relevant block posts. Here is the functional things that you could do. And then you could, the best part is instant gratification. You can take that code, paste it into the cluster, off you go. I'm like voila, I'm like light bulbs close up. Wow, it works. And it's also a great tool for collaboration, whether we're talking about our internal collaboration channels where hey, I don't know how it works, I can go to GitHub, copy those lines, here you go. So that also helps and streamlines some of those back and forth that happens. Right, yeah, I think it's hilarious that every time I've been talking to you, every analogy seems to involve a car. I haven't, yeah, which I think is kind of amusing. But what I wanna add kind of from my perspective is, I get students who come up and ask me questions about literally anything in technology, right? And so the more of a laundry list of kind of trusted places I can point people to go get connected that I can kind of retain in my head, it makes a big difference. And so that's why I tend to recommend like, you can use Stack Overflow, right? You can use Google, you can even use the docs as well. But it doesn't always kind of get you to that first start. We were talking earlier about this, is that I teach at a university, right? So I'm biased towards, I think you need some theory, right? Like to be able to do this stuff properly, you have to have a good idea of like the why as well as the ability to actually implement it. And what I like about this style of communication and it's not limited to Q by example, by any means, right? You could also do this internally for your own organizations, right? Where, but I kind of, you get a little bit of theory, then you get a big chunk of practice, right?  And I think that really helps, as you were kind of saying earlier, like cement in your head, the theory, because now you just used it, right? And maybe that's not everyone's learning style, but it's certainly, I've had pretty good success with most of the people that I've pointed it out to is that that style works well. What is the call as reinforcement learning? I think that's the way I think about it. I think it's funny that, I've learned a whole new ecosystem of language.  It's super weird. But so what I did want to kind of get to, which is kind of the crux we want to talk about was like, what has the developer transformation been like? What does that journey like for going from where your developers were to where you want them to be? In one word, hard, difficult, but can be done. So as I said, we have been on this journey since 2016 and the idea is to introduce a few concepts slowly. Other things that have really worked for us is providing examples or a opinionated example of here. So we are pretty widely deployed now in GCP. So how do you get started in GCP? Right, so up until right now, a few months ago, we're having multiple different ways to get in. Now we have one way to get in. It'll give you a pipeline. We'll give you example code and we will get you going from there, but that doesn't mean that's where we have to stop, right? So you can, that's a starting point and that has been phenomenal success in terms of how well, how fast we can provision, reduce the number of ask for helps. I think the idea of using examples, not just for Kubernetes, but for everything, it works really, really well. Gotcha. And I'll say that we've been on this journey since 2016, as Satish has mentioned. And along with that, we really invested in also a cultural change aspect of that where we helped educate our workforce what we cared about the most and how they need to invest in themselves and in their skills. And we gave them time, we call it power up time four hours a week to do just that. We have many different learning paths for them. And really partnering with our developers so that they can prepare themselves to meet the needs that we have as we go forward. And that was key to our success. So along with the technology advancements and the investments that we have made, we've also invested in our people and we've kind of had this expectation that you're responsible for your career, you're responsible for your growth and here are many different ways that you can do that. And I think that's been one of the reasons why we've been able to move as fast as we have. And also one of the reasons why I think our developers are very demanding on what those next examples are and they continue to need harder and harder examples to solve, which just shows you we're raising their level of maturity. I think the other important thing to add to it is just the sheer diversity of the things that we have to deal with all at once. I think sometimes that in and of itself is a huge challenge to address, right? So the better we, whatever I'm trying to find a word would be is like, how do we actually abstract those abstractions? So there are too many things. So we need to actually trying to focus on people saying that these are the first few things. Get good at it, rest of the things will fall out automatically. Right, yeah, I was gonna, I mean, you're kind of alluding to it is that I think both for my students but then also kind of in my industry career, leading teams and stuff. There is some really strong positives to kind of giving someone an opinionated solution at first and letting them explore after that, right? So get somebody to success as fast as possible, right? Get somebody who's gotta actually feel like they accomplished something before they're starting to try to figure out how to really understand what they're doing. And I think, so, I think it's often referred to as like have little wins as you go along. And I think that makes a huge difference to be able to get an adoption. Because I think the problem with a lot of kind of people moving to like a Kubernetes is like, it's not just a technology, there is a pretty severe culture change when you think about development in terms of kind of the cloud native style of development. You think about adventure and architectures, we're starting in a serverless functions. That is a very different model of development than when you think about building a website, right? You know, you can build a website with serverless functions if you want to as well. But what you think of traditionally is building a website. And I think that's been hugely interesting. And then you actually brought up a really good point earlier about empowerment. When we were talking about it, is that a lot of people find the empowerment scary. And did you wanna maybe elaborate on that at all? Absolutely, I'm like, it's scary because now like the knowledge you previously was trying going back to the car analogy is like, you're sitting in a car that's completely blackened out windows and screens, right? You just don't know what's going on around you. There's no situational awareness. All we're asking people is to just crack the window a little bit. You would find that there is, you are in control. You do not have to file a ticket. You do not have to go ask somebody something. And that is frightening because now all of a sudden, you could do something that you never intended to do. Or people think that maybe I'm going to mess up my production. But what if you are allowed to do and you are encouraged to do in your lower environments? That is a big thing. If you can actually overcome that, there is a lot of folks, pretty much everyone among us are curious, how does this work? What happens if I were to toggle this button or not pass this variable? I think that was initially very difficult. Proving that it is, you can do it. You must do it. You should do it. Helps along the way of reinforcing that trust and all that stuff, right?  But does the employee who's just a cog in a big wheel, right? I'm going to start using car analogies too. Do they really feel like they're not going to get in trouble if they actually take the power, right? You go definitely on something to add, I think. Yeah, I think the important thing that we've seen a big success is having multiple ways that our developers can ask questions, treating them all with respect.  We have this nice community now where we're kind of crowdsourcing answers and helping each other. And then we, of course, have deeper consulting ability to lean in when teams are having more difficult problems. And it's a whole community effort to come together and really experiment in a way that you can learn the technology and be successful with those small wins, but also know we got your back. We'll help you through the harder challenging things when you need it. One other thing that I would add to that in the culture wise, when we were talking about earlier, one of the things that I have found more years at Ford is like, there's nobody at Ford is going to stop you that you are not supposed to do this. This is not your job, right? You are encouraged to think outside. You are encouraged to say that, hey, there is a better way of doing X. And the debate is healthy. Yes, we will have strong opinions like we all should, because I think that's where the innovation comes from. And that is encouraged. And everything that we have done around Kubernetes has been a direct result of all of that, because we started Kubernetes way back in 2016. I'm like, Kubernetes was just announced around summer of 2015, if I'm correct. And we were in production in 2017. I'm like, that's an amazing rate of change if we are not willing to risk experiment. And innovate at the same time, we would not be here talking about it. Right, totally. Yeah, I did want to also comment on the comment you made, which is I think, particularly amongst software developers, the term community sometimes gets a lot of short shrift, but even at EU, so when I, one of the classes or types of classes we teach are these ones where they're actually doing projects for third parties, right? And so it tends to be a lot of local government and nonprofits, but they're doing real world projects, right? So the organization that supports that's called Spark, but we try to build a Spark community, because, you know, and it's funny, we have the worst turnover problem of any organization anywhere in known, right? Because every three months, I turn over my entire development staff, right? Which is really difficult. And so what we've been trying to build, right, is a really strong community. And I don't think people give it enough credence. It's like, it really makes a big, huge difference if you feel like there are people who care about how you're doing and are interested in your success, and it really does kind of reinforce that whole feeling where you can keep doing this, you can keep building, you can transform into what you're leading them towards, right? So I think that's also a really kind of big thing that it gets glossed over a lot. So I was wondering, do we have any questions from the crowd that we wanted to take? Nope, your mic might be off. Yeah, I'll repeat it. Do you have a reservation? Yeah. I'm just kidding. Talk a little bit about the process of educating the community that they don't have a place to go if it was like top down and then everybody or not, it was like bottom up, like how did you get people to actually put it aside as well as using the new materials and your alternative and then let's say spreading that. So to kind of repeat it, well first of all, it was really nice of you to bump his 150 reservation, but his real question was basically it's like, how do you spread that education through the community? And how does it percolate out maybe is a good way to put it? All right, so yeah, whichever. So Sidisha and I are technically in different teams, but you can tell we're kind of like I said, fricking frack. And both of our organizations have many different learning paths that we utilize. We use guilds at the company to help teach the kind of one hour lunch and learn type size things to give little teasers of where you can get information to learn more. That will lead you to a community of practice of people who are actually doing things. My team itself, we do deep enablement and consulting services. So our approach has been communicate, communicate, communicate, communicate. And then when people start to hear that, they start to learn, they start to pay attention and it grows from there. And they start to talk with other people and it grows from there. And they start to have success and it grows from there. I wanted to actually just quickly mention you brought up something earlier that's kind of relevant to this, which I thought was really, I don't know if I've ever heard anybody say it before, which was the part about when somebody asks one of your teammates a question.  So a typical thing that happens and I think we're all a little guilty of it, someone asks you a very specific and direct question and you answer the specific and direct question. And one of the things I encourage my team to do instead is say tell me more and really try to get to the heart of what the problem is that they're trying to solve because it's quite possible, they're asking you the next question in their investigation journey and it actually might not help them solve the problem. So pause and ask, tell me more what problem are you trying to solve? And that generally leads to even a richer exchange and a richer communication back and forth to get them faster to the solution that they're really looking for. So don't just answer what's asked, right? Ask for more. I think one other thing that I would also add there is like when you were asking how we get started or pick the curiosity, right? We are all our curious. How about one of the things that parts of the team who are sitting in the back of the room and only they will do is that they will do weekly demos. It's like nothing planned. It's like most of the time it's impromptu and we'll just, hey look, this cool thing that we built, what you could do about it, right? That actually sparks an imagination saying that, hey, maybe we should actually turn it into a service. And one of the things that we did early on is like documentation. Communities has a great documentation, right? It uses a framework called Doxy if some of you are aware of it. We wanted to do the same thing. We did that two years ago and then now we are doing over and over again. I'm like, I was just speaking the curiosity saying that, hey, look, you can do docs as a code. Now you can build a pipeline around it. Now you have a community around it. Now everybody can contribute. So it was like an example that one of my peers did and then it just goes from there and it is repeated over and over again for several things. Not just like docs, but anything that we do. Here somebody do that. There is as Becky was mentioning, we had like this power up times where everybody is encouraged. Come up with an idea. You want to share with it. We will get behind you, right? So, and I think that has been instrumental in helping us get some of these things done. Yeah, so I would add kind of two things from my perspective. One on yours, software engineers and students share one major common thing. If there's free food, they will come. So, yeah, I found that to be very true. So we use the same technique of, you know, essentially, you know, one of the challenges, right? Especially like in a school like Boston University, their workload is high, right? And so getting them to do anything that's kind of not directly related to getting a good grade in a class is really, really challenging. Even if I could tell them, right, that if you go to these six workshops, that next class that you take will actually be much easier. But nobody believes you, right? So what we try to do is we do free food. We try to do marketing of it. We put it out. The other thing that's been also interesting is, you know, you gotta follow the different kinds of socials, right? So, you know, so our Instagram feed, for example, trying to reach those people is much better at reaching them than Twitter, for example. And so I think part of the also the thing that all of you should also keep in mind, right, is that your community within your organization probably uses different techniques to communicate with each other or different ways of kind of being aware of the world. Yeah, I keep talking about starting a TikTok channel just so I can feel like I'm cool enough. But the other thing I just, oh, I was saying that thing I was gonna add. Oh, the other thing I was gonna add is you brought the demos. We, when we do these projects for external parties, we usually have them follow a, you know, a scrum model, you know, and kind of go through some of the scrum ceremonies, but we don't do all of them because it would just take too much time. So we do some level of daily standup, except they're a little less often, et cetera. But one of the gaps we had, in my opinion, and that we're trying to change, I think we're gonna change it for next semester, is that we don't do demos. And I can't express enough how important like sprint demos are because I have the advantage of either class, right, that are all working on different projects. And so it's good for them to see each other's work so I can do that aspect. But even within, you know, within your own teams, sprint demos, particularly ones that show failure, are awesome because they really do bring the group, the team together, right? It helps support, it reinforces that community, et cetera. And I think that's really a gap. I don't know why I missed it until now, you know, but I really noticed it this semester that we really should bring in demos in our classes. We're pretty close on time, right? Okay, all right. Do we wanna try and take one more? How about all the way over there, but you might have to project, right? So let me try to repeat the question. Just to, you said builds, correct. That's what I thought at first and then I wasn't sure. All right, so basically the question was, you know, if you kind of have, let's just kind of call it transformational leadership positions of whatever sort, right? And so you're kind of saying, you know, you have these guilds, you bring them into a community of practice. You know, what do you do to incentivize them to kind of go theoretically above and beyond their job? Yeah, so part of I think our culture at Ford is that as you gain experience, one of the things that is the expected norm is that you share your knowledge with others, whether it's your teammate, your team, your department or the greater community. And we have many different ways to allow people to grow their skills and their confidence in doing that. And as you kind of move up in the company also, there's that expectation. And that's one of the behaviors that we look for to go from like an entry level person to someone who's more senior level. As we look for your investment in others and that is a criteria to kind of move up. So it's just part of our normal culture. It's part of our reward and recognition system. And we have many opportunities to have people practice and coach them to be successful in that. In fact, everyone from Ford here today, there's a lot of blue shirts in the room, they all have an obligation to take back something that they learn at this conference because Ford paid for their admission to the conference. And one of the things that they have to do is to give back to the community and take something back, whether it's in the form of a paper that they share or our learning session that they have and they run. And of course you guys can partner with each other. We don't need to have 27 different sessions for Cubicon. But that's part of what we do. So kind of from our perspective, like I said, we run all these projects with all these classes. We actually pay for project managers. So we have students who are interns essentially, who we pay to be project managers on the projects, primarily because logistics are so difficult. You, as you might imagine, right, all the students are taking all different classes. So they had like finding a free window plus with a client is ridiculously impossible. But then we also have recently started paying what we're referring to as tech engineers. We would probably call them technical advisors, but as you might guess, TA is a really well-used, well-known term in a university. So we've been calling them tech engineers, but basically they kind of act like what you would think of as like a technical lead on a project because that way we can kind of scale because otherwise we're a team of like six people trying to run this whole experiential learning component. I think we have about 600 students a semester. And so in order to scale, we need more people, right? And so that's what we do is we actually, we pay them and then we kind of pay them back as well with the experience, right? So now they've actually had some real project management experience. We have to provide a lot of coaching. And then, and the technical engineer that we've recently started, that those are really valuable skills and also we can kind of carve out time in their schedule by paying them, right? So we've thought about actually doing that almost as a class in and of itself, but you know, you know, maybe in the future, we're just, we're not quite to that level of effort that we could get to to run a whole class around that. Do you have anything else to add? As I said, I'm like, the big one I would add is like we are looking for talented engineers. Everything that we do is based on technology. We as a company has prospered and benefited from a lot of the work. Many of you have been doing in the community. I think we need more of those.  Come see us in our booth. We are in G2, but if you are interested, hey, we are looking for some real talent as well. Thank you. And if you're watching online, go to careers.ford.com. Yeah. We're recruiting. Nicely done, nicely done. Yeah, and also, you know, cube by example, please come join us, come join the community. You know, we're taking PRs as they always say, right? And we really appreciate the help and find us around if you have any more questions. But I think that's the time we have, right?


So what are going to be some of the issues here? So usually we're talking about the store is where the point of sale happens. And you might use a Shopify, an Amazon, an eBay or something like that. Obviously, if you're using like a Shopify, for example, the that app helps you to have an online presence, helps you to facilitate the sale. And then some of the tracking of like the inventory and whatnot is going to be in Shopify, but it's usually going to be by quantity, not by not tracking like cost on the first and first, out, or last in that, in that kind of thing, because the goal is to facilitate the order, making sure you have what is needed to fulfill the logistical needs of meeting the orders and making the sales. Now, then you might have an intermediary, like a payment processing, like a PayPal or a Stripe, and then you've got the QuickBooks software where you could use like a zero or something similar kind of system. Now, now the issue again is going to be, well, how can I get this information into the accounting software? Cause if it was an online, if it was an on-ground store, I would enter the data as I make the purchases and make the sales into QuickBooks software. But now the sales are being facilitated on the Shopify or Amazon side of things. They're the ones that have all the sales records. And I don't want to recreate invoices, all the invoices and whatnot in account, in the accounting software. I want to pull that information in. How could I do that? Well, you could, you could try to just connect your accounting software to your bank again and just wait till it comes through the bank, but you're losing a lot of detail to do that because you're going to be missing the fees and all that kind of stuff. That's going to be associated with the store. You could try to try to connect the accounting software to the Shopify, Amazon or eBay using either third-party applications or possibly QuickBooks online, which is, which, which some have very good integrations, but you got to be careful on which software you're going to use. However, even then you could run into issues if you're using a payment processor like a PayPal or a Stripe. In other words, if you connect directly to say like a Shopify store, for example, you might be using the Shopify pay in order to help facilitate your payment when people buy stuff. And in that case, everything's happening through Shopify. So when you pull in that data into your accounting software, then any chargebacks and all that kind of stuff should be coming directly from the website you're making the sale on into the accounting software. However, if you have this intermediary platform like a PayPal or Stripe that's helping to facilitate the sale, you might have some chargebacks or some fees that are happening on this payment level. And if you're, so you're going to be missing those if you're just looking at the store connection into QuickBooks. So that's where the added level of complexity can come into play on that middle, that middle tier. And then also again, the inventory is typically going to be tracked at Shopify, Amazon or eBay, at least the quantity of inventory. You're going to try to populate the quantity of inventory in order to make sure you can logistically fulfill the inventory needs. However, when you pull that information into the accounting software, we need to convert it to dollar amounts and usually use some kind of flow assumption to do that, such as a first in, first out or a weighted average kind of assumption. So those are going to be some of the issues we'll talk about. And in future presentations, what we will do is think about the normal inventory flow as if you're not doing a Shopify store, but rather on ground store. And then as we think about that flow, we're going to think about the, the, the variants, the things that are different in an e-commerce store and then how we can basically fulfill the needs of the e-commerce store, which are going to be a little bit different once we've identified what those issues are.


news update. Welcome folks. We have the down industrials finished down at 240 Nasdaq down to 63 S&P's off 37 gold go contract up $23 straight in 1854 and outs with silver up 43 cents 24 dollars 75 cents an ounce late sweet crew down 293 $81 23 cents a barrel notes and bonds the 10 year note down one full point plus four ticks at 130 22 30 year off a full point plus 21 ticks. That's 162 0 2 and King dollar. What a move here almost up a thousand points a thousand points. Folks is a penny 932 ticks 94 8 8 6 bottom on you broke the consolidation on the top of the side. The euros at one 14. The end is that one 13.9 one. The British pounders at 134 to one US dollar. The divergence we have out here is pretty intense inside the metals the dollar and the yen folks. Okay. They all went higher and most times what you have happened is that the if the gold's going to go. Most times you have the dollar either flat or lower and the yen you have bottom line down on price which is stronger against the US dollar. We get just the opposite out here today. So this is going to be wild. Seeing where this is all going to lay out. We're going to take a look at the spy we have with the spy out here is this spy does 66 million shares. So the spy got the expansion and volume today yesterday. It did not get the expansion of volume. That's saying the spy can get down right now where 463 that 459 to 455 is game and the X 100 had got the expansion of volume yesterday. Expect we're going to have it today. We do have it today. And the X down $5.81 and I suspect this is going to go for the where we broke out from which is the 382 area. So we'll see how this baby shakes out of the 382 area. You get volume out there about 47 million. So if you get a straight line move down, if you're a bull out here, what you'd like to see is actually a straight line move down because of what happens there is that it's hard to basically keep volume going for five days, four to five days. That's that's the reality. Gold, gold contract broke out. Bottom line. When the CPI came out this morning, hot CPI the CPI by the way was 50% higher than what folks thought. You took out the consolidation gold on its web. There's 1922 right now. You're 1854. Have a great night, folks. Have a safe night. Come back and visit Tommy tomorrow morning, kick us off nine to morning. Have a great one, folks. Have a safe.