Merci beaucoup à l'organisateur, et surtout à Gérard pour cette belle invitation. Oh, je vois que c'est la dernière page, donc j'ai besoin d'aller au début, je suis désolé pour ça. Ok, on y va. Je vais aussi parler de multiples états. Donc, grâce à l'organisateur, je vais aller plus vite au début. Donc, comme vous le savez, ici sont les multiples états. Vous avez vu ces étérétiques, et si vous parlez de multiples états, les NJs sont des intégres positifs. Et même si vous voulez une série de converges, vous avez besoin d'un N1 plus que deux. Ok, vous pouvez aller plus vite. Vous pouvez aller aux NJs positifs ou négatifs, mais vous devez avoir un N1 plus, etc. à l'aide d'un NJ, plus fort que un J pour un NJ, de 1 à K. Ok, donc, comme vous le savez, l'intégre K est le détail, et le summe des NJs est le weight. Ok, donc, je vais juste faire une petite surveille historique, mais pour un ancien. Je commence avec Euler, en 18e siècle. Il a vu multiples états dans les dents 1 et 2, et il a donné beaucoup de relations entre eux. Ce n'est pas tout, nous savons des relations de l'authentif maintenant, mais jusqu'à, je pense, 15 ans auparavant, la seule chose que nous savions était déjà de l'Euler. Et puis, il y a un grand détail jusqu'à 1980, mais ce détail n'est pas complètement élevé, donc, pour exemple, Min indiquait à moi que vous pouvez trouver des exemples de plus en plus dans le travail de Nielsen, au début de l'année dernière. Et puis, jusqu'à ma connaissance, les multiples états apparaissent, et, au début de l'année, les fonctions résurgentes, le volume 2. Ok. Alors, qu'est-ce que la fonction des multiples états ? Maintenant, les arguments peuvent être complexes. C'est le même somme, d'excepter que les déchets sont complexes. Et puis, il se trouve que c'est une fonction méromorphique dans K-Variable. Et c'est le travail de ces trois recherches japonaises, Akiyama, Egami et Tanigawa. Ces séries converges ont donné la partie réelle de ces déchets qui sont plus grandes que J pour Nij. Et vous pouvez externer la méromorphique pour la whole C-K avec la subvariative de la singularité, qui est décrivée comme suivi. Dans K-Depth, le locus singular de K-Depth est défini comme suivi. C'est celle des J, comme ça, si Z1 est equal à 1 ou Z1 plus Z2 s'élange à cet état, vous venez de 2x2, d'excepter 2, 1, 0. Ou, il existe un J, de 3 à K, comme ça, la partie réelle est plus petite ou est equal à un J. Vous pouvez voir la différence entre K-Depth 1, 2 et 3. C'est lié à la facture que la fonction single zeta peut continuer analytiquement tout le monde, d'excepter 1. Et pour Zeta double, ces hauts viennent de la facture que le nombre de Bernoulli, le nombre de Haute-Bernoulli, accepte le premier. Je vais décrire les relations parce qu'on va voir des généralisations de ces plus tard. Bien sûr, vous savez que le produit de deux single zetas est le nombre de trois termes, deux double zetas et le termes diagonaux, qui est encore un single zeta. Et bien sûr, la preuve est ici. Vous coupez le domaine dans trois parties, M1 plus grand que M2, M1 plus petit que M2 et M1 est equal à M2. Les termes diagonaux peuvent s'appliquer. Ok. Je peux décrire la relation des généralisations de quasi-choues donc vous multipliez deux multiples zetas, une de dépesse P, une de dépesse Q et puis vous obtenez des termes de dépesse P plus Q minus quelque chose. Ce small r est le nombre de contractions que vous avez dans votre terme et le nombre est indexé sur tous les choues de quasi-choues les choues de quasi-choues de type r. Ok. Et ces sont des projections sigma, de 1 à 2 P plus Q en 2, 1 à 2 P plus Q minus le type subject à la même relation que les choues. Mais ici, un sigma dans le premier rau correspond à un sigma dans le second rau et cela vous donne vos termes de contractions. Et ici, les arguments dans ces multiples zetas sont définis par le nombre de ce nombre ici. Et ce nombre, si vous pensez à ça, il contient seulement un, peut-être deux termes mais pas plus. Ok. Donc, vous probablement votre représentation intégrale des valeurs multiples zetas par rapport à Maxime Konsevich et qui est décédée par Donzaguet dans son papier 1994. Ok. Donc, la valeur multiple zeta ici, maintenant, les integers sont positifs. Il est définit par cette intégrale intégrale. Donc, vous intégrer autant que la valeur et vous intégrer les formes différentes d'ti par t ou d'ti par 1 minus t dans cet ordre. Donc, ici, vous avez des termes N1 tous ensemble. Après ça, vous avez des termes N2 tous ensemble et ici, des termes Nk tous ensemble. Et vous avez des formes différentes d'ti par t parce que il n'y a pas de分享 mondial avec des charges de cartes, mais on n'a pas de communication d' Chevr respect rapporte designer shoot pour le producteur de deux simplisées, et ce producteur de deux simplisées décompose dans 6 simplisées 4 dimensionnelles et ensuite vous avez 6 termes, 4 x zeta de 3 1 plus 2 x zeta de 2 2. Ok, les relations régularisées sont un peu plus drôle. Le plus simple est déjà connu par Euler, zeta de 2 1 est equal à zeta de 3. Et comment obtenez-vous cela ? Vous utilisez zeta de 1. Ok, vous vous dites que zeta de 1 n'existe pas. Ok, c'est juste une indétermination. Alors, bien sûr, dans le stock de Min, vous pouvez décider que zeta de 1 est equal à 0. Mais ici, c'est juste une indétermination. Et puis, si vous write down zeta of 1, 2, or zeta of anything starting with a 1, c'est aussi divergence. Donc maintenant, je write down this product in two different ways. So, the upper line is just by formally using the quasi shuffle relation. And the bottom line is just formally by using the shuffle relation. And then, if you equate the two members, the red terms disappear, like in a chemical reaction. And you get, of course, this one disappears with that one. And you get Euler's relation zeta of 3 is equal to zeta of 2, 1. Ok, so here I briefly explained the double shuffle relations, or double shuffle plus regularisation. And it is conjectured that no other relations occur. For example, you have duality relations coming from the change of variable Tj goes to 1 minus Tj in the integral presentation. And these duality relations should be deducible from the double shuffle. For example, this is the first example of duality. And as we have seen, it is also double shuffle. But you have all other duality relations like this. In principle, it should be expressible. But as far as I know, it is still an open question. Do these duality relations come from the double shuffle? Ok. Yeah. Ok, so multiple polylogarithms just in one variable. So Min already explained us, so I go very quickly here. The multiple polylogarithms add some T between 0 and 1. It's defined by this sum or it's defined by this integral. So it's the same for multiple zetas except that instead of going from 0 to 1, you stop at T. And so even if the multiple zeta value would be divergent, if you stop at T, strictly smaller than 1, it still converges here. Ok, so now I want to re-express this multiple polylogarithms in an operator way. So this is the formula you can see in the bottom of the slide. So you start with the constant function equal to 1. You apply it the operator big y, which is multiplying by this function, 1 over 1 minus T. Then you apply the operator r, which is the primitive operator. r of f is equal to the primitive of f vanishing at 0. This is the weight 0 rotabaxter operator. Ok, so and then you continue like this. You apply now the operator big x, which is multiplying by small x, this function here, 1 over T. And then operator r, etc. So it's another way to rewrite the conceviche integral representation of multiple polylogs. Ok, so of course you know when T is equal to 1, you recover the multiple zeta. Ok, so we have this representation by words. You introduce the infinite alphabet y. y star is a set of words with letters in y. You look at the linear span of the words. And you look at the quasi shuffle product. So my point of view is somehow dual to the one explained by Min. Instead of using concatenation product and D shuffle co-product, I will use the quasi shuffle product and deconcatenation co-product if you like. Ok, so here is the quasi shuffle product. So it's like the quasi shuffle relations. You sum up over the same quasi shuffles and the recipe looks very similar. You have contraction terms because of this R here. Ok, so for later use, once I have defined this quasi shuffle product, I can stick to G9 shuffles, I mean I can stick to R equal to 0. So I take a smaller sum and this also defines an associative product which is an ordinary shuffle product. But still on this infinite alphabet. So here is an example of quasi shuffle. Here I have five terms including these two contraction terms. But if I discard them, I have the shuffle product. Ok, so this is traditional notation. Y star convergent is equal to the set of words which don't start with Y1. And for any word, for any convergent word, I can define zeta quasi shuffle of the word is equal to zeta of the corresponding row of indices. But what I have gained here is that I can extend this linearly. And the quasi shuffle relations are equivalent to the fact that zeta quasi shuffle is a character for the quasi shuffle product. It's morphism. Of course, you would like to go from convergent words to any word. That's what Min explained, how to regularize the words which are not convergent. Ok, so this is just an example of quasi shuffle relation rewritten in terms of this quasi shuffle product. Ok, I think I can go quite quickly on this. Ok, so now I'll quote the first result I obtained with Sylvie Pecha some ten years ago about extensions to arguments of any sign. Ok, because the quasi shuffle product you can extend it to the words with letters in z. Ok, so counting for arguments of positive or negative sign. Ok, so what we proved is the following. There's a character from this extended algebra with the quasi shuffle product into the complex numbers but first of all, phi of v is equal to zeta quasi shuffle of v for any convergent word. Ok, secondly, for any words with letters positive or negative such that the multiple zeta can be defined by analytic continuation then the character coincide with this analytically extended value. So in particular, phi of minus n is equal to zeta of minus n. So minus Bernoulli n plus 1 over n plus 1. So adepts to phi of minus n minus n prime is equal to zeta minus n minus n prime. So there's a value here. If n plus n prime is odd and it's given by this expression here in terms of Bernoulli numbers. So we got a table of values in depth 2 and you have two kinds of values. You have these diagonals here. You have all the same values except the very last one in the northeast of the table. For example this one. Ok, these values are obtained by analytic continuation. The other diagonals are not. And for example, you have also a paper by Ligu and Bin Sang a little before us. They also have a table of value. It is different. But of course the good diagonals coincide because it's analytic continuation. Ok.  So it's a concrimer regularisation and renormalisation basically. Ok, so we have the quasi shuffle product. Together with deconcatenation you get a connected filter of algebra. The filtration by the depth. And then I extend this hopfalgebra to letters in the complex numbers. So I extend it much more. And I look at the hopfalgebra, the same hopfalgebra with the quasi shuffle product replaced by the shuffle product. Ok. And as a result by Michael Hoffman, these two hopfalgebras are isomorphic and they are some explicit isomorphism. So now this big arm map is a regularisation map. So we define it on the shuffle version of the hopfalgebra. So it's very simple. Big R of a word is the same word but with the indices shifted by Z. Like this. Ok. And then we will use this Hoffman exponential with this which is the hopfalse isomorphism. And then from the regularisation map, I get a regularisation R tilde by twisting by the Hoffman exponential. So now this twisted regularisation respect the quasi shuffle product because the first regularisation would respect the shuffle product. So that's it. No surprise. And now we define the character big phi from this algebra with the quasi shuffle product defined by this. So again, zeta quasi shuffle. Well, it is the same. So by defining this, it's not, it's a non trivial result, but we can prove that it takes values into the meromorphic functions in one complex variable. And then, we define zeta quasi shuffle. So we define zeta quasi shuffle. So we define zeta quasi shuffle. So we define zeta quasi shuffle. So we define zeta quasi shuffle. On Allies values into the meromorphic functions in one complex variable. And then we have the Birkoff sometime or decomposition or big, big fi character and bid composバ兒 Major like this. So this is the convolution product and it pieces are still characters so we're shot relations are still verify their. et 5 plus de v est homomorphique à z equal à 0 pour une word v et c'est ce que l'on veut parce que maintenant ok, ce sont les formuleurs pour obtenir les deux pcs, 5 minus et 5 plus, et peut-être que j'ai réglé rapidement comment ça fonctionne votre méromorphique fonction algebra est split into two parts, the pole parts a minus and the formal series part a plus ok, and this is so called minimal subtraction scheme in physics and then you can define recursively 5 minus and 5 plus with these formulas here, the red term is called Bogolubov preparation map and then if you take the opposite of projecting on the pole part you get through the counter terms and projecting on the formal series part gives you the renormalised character and then the character we look for, you just evaluate the plus part at z equal to 0, this you can do and it still verifies quasi shuffle relations ok, so we were quite happy with this result and then a few years after that we wanted with Kurushe Brahimifard and Johannes Dinger we wanted to describe all solution of the problem describe the set of characters which extend multiple zeta functions in that sense, I mean by respecting the quasi shuffle relations and there's a renormalisation group behind this ok, and let me start with a very general result, I start with a commutative connected filtered hopf algebra and a will be any commutative unitary k algebra and ga will be the group of characters with values in a given the product is given by the convolution and we have this conil-potence property which is crucial to make some recursive arguments ok, so the proposition goes as follows, you suppose that big n is the right co-ideal with respect to the reduced co-product the reduced co-product is this delta tilde when you start from delta and extract it to extreme terms ok, and then if you look at this set ta you look at those characters alpha which vanish on the right co-ideal and this is a subgroup of ga and the proof is quite simple, it's a five line proof essentially you want, if you take two elements alpha and beta in the ta you want to prove that alpha beta minus one is still in ta you prove it is a subgroup and essentially you say that the inverse of a character is given by composition by the antipode you replace the antipode by its recursive expression and then you end up with alpha minus beta of w prime ok, here and now you use the right co-ideal property to say that this vanishes ok, so we call it the renormalisation group associated to the co-ideal n and then comes this trick you look at a partially defined character, that means it's defined only on the co-ideal n and you suppose that it respect the unit and it's multiplicative whenever the three terms are defined I mean whenever the three terms belong to n and now I look at x zeta a is equal to those phi's in the group ga so that phi restricted to n is equal to zeta ok, and it turns out that this is a principal homogeneous space so this we proved by with Kurushi Brahimifat, Johan Zinger and Jan Chang Sao this is a principal homogeneous space that means that this left action here is free and transitive and the proof is quite similar to the proof that ta was a group ok, I'll skip this ok, now we apply this general framework to our multiple zetas so the base field is the rational numbers so hopf algebra is this one with the arguments of any sign I remember you and the target algebra will be just the complex numbers the right co-ideal is the linear span of non-singular words that means that the words which write down like this and which fulfill these three conditions which are the contrary of the singularity conditions of the beginning of the talk right, so n1 has to be different from 1 n1 plus n2 has to be outside this set and this partial sum has to be outside this set ok, and this right ok, this big n is obviously a right co-ideal for the concatenation if you look at these three conditions here and there's a supplementary property it's also stable by contractions like this ok, you gather some consecutive letters and you sum them up like this and n is stable by these properties ok, so sigma will be the complementary of n ok, and so sigma k will be those words so that the corresponding row belongs to the singular locus at depth k and the partially defined character zeta will be zeta ok, will be our multiple zeta values or either by convergence of the iterated sum or by analytic continuation it can also happen ok, so now the set of all solutions to our initial problem is given by the renormalization group acting on one solution fortunately we had proved with Sylvie Pecha that one solution exists so we investigated a little bit this group just to say that it's very big it's infinite dimensional if you look already at depth 3 you see there's a lot of room inside it ok, so now I jump to Q analogs ok, so let me remind what is Jackson integral it's given by this ugly formula but maybe it's more easy to grasp it I like this so here is an example with Q equal to one half and here Q equal to three quarters roughly ok and it's quite obvious that when Q goes to one the classical limit gives you the ordinary Riemann integral ok but here our Q will be considered as an indeterminate now I can define a weight minus one rotorback store operator by summing up like this PQ of f of variable t will be f of t plus f of Qt plus f of Q square t etc operator Qt is invertible because this is due to our algebra A A is this algebra of a formal series in two variables but starting with t ok, and PQ is invertible and the inverse is given by the Q difference operator f of t minus f of Qt you have a modified lab needs rule for the Q so this is lab needs identity but you have a diagonal term here and we end up with three equivalent identities one for the piece, one for the decent, one mixed ok, so now I can define multiple Q polylogs the same way you replace the Riemann integral operator by the Jackson integral operator ok but this is exactly the same recipe so for later use I will need the operator y bar of multiplication by this function t over 1 minus t but for the moment I just mimic the formula for the polylogarithms replacing the Riemann integral operator by the Jackson integral operator ok, so now I will speak about the Ono Okuda Zudilin Q multiple zeta values model so we call that multiple zeta is given by evaluating the polylog at 1 here we evaluate the Q polylog at Q and in terms of nested sum you have this formula so in the numerator you have Q to the m1 and in the denominator you have powers of Q integers ok, so for convergent words when Q goes to 1 you recover the ordinary multiple zeta when Q goes to 1 in a reasonable way ok ok, we have an alternative description in terms of the operator PQ ah ok, so ZQ bar is the modified multiple zeta this is ZQ multiplied by 1 minus Q to the minus the weight ok, so this is this iterated sum and it is given by this flow of operators but here I use the operator big y bar, which is the operator of multiplication by this function we have other models for QMZVs I just mentioned a few the Schlesinger model, it's the same but you evaluate the Q polylog at 1 not at Q you have the Jaub Bradley model the numerator is more complicated Q to this power here and you have the Barman-Kuhn multiple divisor functions model maybe a few other ones ok, but we like this model by Onno, Okuda and Zudelin because it's defined for arguments of any sign if you take nJs in Z it still makes sense that you even have this estimate when Q is a complex of modules strictly smaller than 1 all the sums converge and you have this and you still have this formula this operator formula for computing the Z bar Q ok of course with negative powers of P are positive powers of D ok, here are some examples zeta Q bar of 0 bar without bar is the same it's Q over 1 minus Q a row of 0 it's just elevated to the power K zeta bar Q of minus 1 is just this so it's Q over 1 minus Q minus Q square over 1 minus Q square and interestingly enough Z bar Q of 1 is this Lambert series sum of Q to the m over 1 minus Q to the m ok, and here not only we have meaning for any signs but we have a complete double shuffle picture actually Takeyama had also a double shuffle picture but in the Bradley model so the picture is more complicated and it doesn't extend to arguments of any sign ok, so first of all I describe the Q shuffle relations ok maybe I have to hurry a bit so you look at the alphabet here with 3 letters but you suppose that dp is equal to pd is equal to 1 ok and we have a third letter y so any non empty word writes uniquely like this p to the n1y up to p to the nky with the nj's positive or negative now define the bar Q shuffle of a word by the Q shuffle of the corresponding row of nj's and extend linearly ok and you have a Q shuffle product on this space of words and it's defined recursively by these 4 relations and these relations are just abstractions of these relations we have with respect to these 3 operators ok and we were able to prove that the product is commutative and associative and the Q shuffle relations are just written like this the bar Q shuffle is a character for this shuffle product so we have also Q quasai shuffle so now y tilde is the infinite alphabet but in both directions with nz the internal product is the same zi contracted with zj will give you zi plus j y tilde starts the set of words with letters in y tilde star will be the ordinary quasai shuffle and our quasai shuffle product is the ordinary quasai shuffle moved by this operation here just this shift on the first letter of the world ok and I define the quasai shuffle z bar function value like this and I extend linearly and the Q quasai shuffle relations write like this it's a character for this quasai shuffle product so I give you an example of Q quasai shuffle relations for two letters the product of single Q zeta functions is given by the ordinary quasai shuffle term plus the weight drop term ok so the weight is not conserved and if you if you go to the ordinary well non modified Q zetas you have this 1 minus Q in front appearing so you can it's coherent with the fact that when the limit Q goes to 1 the weight drop term disappears and you get the ordinary quasai shuffle relation ok but here you have no regularization relations you have this swap or this bridge I don't know how to well this change of coding between the two the two alphabets big R the Gothic R and here is the recipe and the change of coding writes like this you jump from quasai shuffle zetas to shuffle zetas with this but that's all this is defined for arguments of any signs so no problem so we have quasai shuffle relations shuffle relations, change of coding and that's all so I give you an example of computation using double Q shuffle I look at this product ok and there's one appearing here so when Q goes to 1 maybe something strange will happen so let's see so first of all I use the quasai shuffle relation so I have not 3 terms but 6 terms the ordinary quasai shuffle term and the weight drop term so using Q shuffle so I translate into the shuffle words this product ok and so I have to shuffle the word py with the word ppy and then I use the recipe given by the Q shuffle formulas here no sorry here we go and ok in a few lines at the end I have the Q shuffle bar of this row this combination of words and I translate back to the bars ok so now this term above is equal to this term below there are quite a lot of nice constellations and at the end you end up with this ok if you remove the bars you have this formula here and when Q goes to 1 you go back to the Euler relation which was obtained by regularisation but here our regulator is the parameter Q so to speak ok and interestingly enough this identity can be found in work by Bailey in 1936 so this was pointed out to us by Vadim Zudelin and Bailey attributes this identity to Bell and it was learnt by Hardy to him so it's quite interesting ok so it's time to conclude maybe there are other relations than the double shuffles it seems that there are also duality relations but I have no time to develop this we would like a more combinatorial description of the Q-shuffle product and we would like to find a compatible co-product ok this is related to this naive question I spoke about how to to renormalise quasi shuffle relations we succeeded in that in some way what would mean extend the shuffle relations to the negative side that means that you will have to shuffle 2 packets of cards containing a negative number of cards so it doesn't make sense naively but with this Q parameter it does make sense in some way so we would like to find a hopf algebra structure here this is work in not progress for the moment but we we have still the project to go back to this and yeah ok and so I said you to use the parameter Q is a regular later what about renormalising when Q goes to 1 and ok interestingly enough when I when I gave this talk 2 weeks ago David Broadhurst asked me what about the author roots of units well good question but there's a very nice preprint by Dorigoni and Klein Schmidt about the behaviour of the Lambert series for Q goes to 1 or Q goes to the roots of units so at least for zeta Q of 1 we have a complete picture here and maybe the task would be to do the same for the author Q multiple zeta values and this could be a good research programme for the future thank you very much thank you Dominique very talk so yeah yeah yeah maybe but you have to say if you want to add something no no no I have finished thank you very much just wanted to have the gallery back ok questions I have a question yeah ok let's go for the negative with the LSE zeta at negative LSE you say that you obtain by electric prolongation so do you compare the result obtained by law in this PhD thesis values obtained by finite path of asymptotic expansion mm-hmm yeah they are quite different of your rational number but in a way it is coherent with the process obtained by finite path of asymptotic expansion ok but you say you obtain by this you say analytic continuation is coherent with this process of asymptotic expansion because the value gamma come from yeah ok asymptotic expansion is not come from analytic expansion except for another kind of analytic extension ok continuation but outside this point where analytic extension is possible you have a kind of freedom of choice which is encoded in this renormalization group clearly what that mean exactly but if we we don't have a coherent between shuffle and shuffle you already say and so that with analytic continuation I don't see why it's mm-hmm ok and before that you say me that the rational number you obtain you just satisfy the shuffle product and not shuffle product yeah yeah do you confirm that yes I do confirm more than that the shuffle product at least naively has no meaning in the negative side but no how already say the meaning of shuffle product give two process, analytic process to obtain rational number ok ok always the process of cellular expansion texture finite part analytic extension part and we get again aven-line theorem ok but we have also arguments on a no rational numbers anymore ok ok ok mm-hmm mm-hmm mm-hmm mm-hmm mm-hmm mm-hmm mm-hmm ok ok ok ok ok ok ok je ne sais pas je ne follow le lien mais peut-être il y a un certain nous étudie la sorollie j'ai juste une question mm-hmm mm-hmm tu as parlé d'un Q-staffel product je suis désolé je pensais d'un product Q-staffel qu'on a dans le non commutatif symétrique mais ce n'est pas le même au moins présenté comme ça il y a un Q-staffel Q-staffel ça génère à la route de l'unité ma question est tu as dit que c'était commutatif et associatif oui ce n'est pas trivial quand tu vois les relations tu as est-ce que ton argument est direct ou tu as des questions pour Q-staffel pour Q-staffel c'est assez facile c'est un transport de l'ordinaire Q-staffel tu peux voir cette expression ici ce n'est pas trop difficile pour l'opération associative tu as raison pour Q-staffel ce n'est pas Q-staffel sorry Q-staffel pour Q-staffel pour Q-staffel avec toutes ces relations ok ok ok pour Q-staffel ah oui c'était avant oui c'est prouvé par l'induction sur le nombre de lettres dans l'expression j'ai compris c'est un genre de parole direct par direct computation pour commutativité c'est facile pour associativité c'est dur mais c'est un peu long mais ok Chapoton nous a dit mais pourquoi n'est-ce pas que la représentation que tu as est faite et puis ce sera mais nous n'avons pas réussi à croiser que la représentation est faite donc nous devons rédouer l'objet pour qu'on aille de ce genre


Dr. Jekyll wrote a testament of what has transpired, but Dr. Jekyll was a proud man with a shining reputation who early on hid his natural high spirits and developed a double character. The scientific studies focused on the mystical and transcendental, as he searched out aspects of man, especially in the moral dimension. He wanted to learn how these two sides could be disconnected, while at the same time Dr. Jekyll researched medications, medicines to create a potion that would transform him into evil. Dr. Jekyll tried it. He drank the potion, and became evil. He was consumed by the evil. Now Dr. Jekyll lived two lives. One is a very well-respected citizen, the other as evil. Now Dr. Jekyll continued to transform between these two characters until one day evil took over. Now feeling as though his life were in danger, Dr. Jekyll tried to resist, but the evil killed Sir Karoo. Dr. Jekyll continues his life. Now Dr. Jekyll worries that the evil will take over. Without the medicine, without the potion, what will he do? He needs a stronger potion to maintain his character as Dr. Jekyll. The medicines have run out, and without that he would not be able to change back to Dr. Jekyll. This is when Dr. Jekyll writes this testament, knowing that time is running out, and worried that the evil will take over.  This would be the end of the life of Dr. Henry Jekyll.


Thank you very much. First of all thank you for coming this morning and I just want to talk briefly about who we are and why we did what we did and then Linda will go into the food safety aspect of what we try to do at our cremary. We are a seven generation family of dairy farmers. We've always had Jersey cows in our family. Our family immigrated from Switzerland in the mid-1800s and we've always been in southern Illinois dairy farming Jersey cows. We are located at Greenville Illinois which is about 45 minutes east of St. Louis, Missouri and we are our farmers right off of Interstate 70 about four miles which is very advantageous to us because part of our goal when developing the cremary was also tourism. So like I said myself along with two of our daughters own and operate the the cremary. Amy and Beth they are actually the principal owners in the cremary. We felt the next generation if they were going to devote their lives to this that they need to have responsibility for. Both of our daughters we have four daughters but the two that came back to the farm have master's degrees from college but they wanted to come back so we felt at that time we needed to do something more. Our options were to milk a lot more cows or do something value-added. The value-added part was what we really wanted to concentrate on. So as we as we got into this we first had to develop a marketing strategy and part of what we want to do is we wanted to concentrate on our heritage and our tradition but we are also a grass-based dairy which is a little bit uncommon as what you see today and so that was really part of our what we wanted to do. We also had the Jersey cow which is a little unique so that was part of our marketing strategy. By doing tourism one of the things we felt was really critical was you had to have quality animal care because people are on your farm. They want you to take care of your cattle properly. As you can see it all begins with animal care. We are grass-based. We do everything all natural. We are not organic but we are all natural and by doing that we feel we end up with great cheeses and as it turned out a lot of our customers think so too. As our markets developed and we got into this we found that our best markets were restaurants and chefs. Very very loyal to your product as opposed to maybe grocery stores try to pinch a penny here or there from you will dump you if they could find a better product or another product that moves as opposed to chefs. They're very loyal and very open to what you're trying to do and very supportive. There's a good movement in the country today local foods and they are very very supportive of what we are trying to do. As I see here we have a sign of Market Jersey Farm you can see our cows cross the road basically four times a day. They go across the road to eat to our pastures to our paddocks. They go back and forth and to me it's a common occurrence but when we do tours and stuff you will see people stop what they're doing and run out to the road to watch the cows cross the road. So you never know what really people want to see as you go forward. When you do something like this you have to find your niche you have to know your market you have to find your niche. When we built the creamery we built it with viewing windows for tourism. We also built an underground cave and it is modeled after some of the Swiss caves in Switzerland at eight foot underground. It is basically an underground basement with a lid on it. We keep the temperature in there to age our cheeses at 58 degrees year around with about 90 percent humidity. So it's a little bit different. It's a little unique and it makes great cheeses very expensive when we first started putting in but our costs through the years are very very low to keep this up keep this going. As I said earlier tourism is a big part of our business. We felt in our family history that we have always been very much about educating the communities and educating people and what we're trying to do. So tourism was very important. It's also another source of income as you get into this. This past year we had approximately thirty five thousand people visit the farm. A little bit about a year and a half ago the Girl Scouts of Western Missouri approached our daughters about doing some special tours if the Girl Scouts met the cookie sales quota and we said sure why not. Figured to have a couple hundred girls come out. We had over six thousand girls. So from the first of May to the first October we had a lot of young girls running around in green shirts out there and it was a blast. So very educational very informative and we were more than more than proud to do this. So that's that's a little bit about us why we did what we did and as you get into this the first thing you realize is food safety. You got to have quality food safety and one of the things we had by doing this we had some building advantages when we built the facility. Linda's brother had just retired from Prairie Farms Co-op as an executive. So we had an inside track there with consultations on helping get our facility started. We also had my wife Linda who is a regular dietitian and had spent her whole life in food service safety and food management. So with that I'm going to turn it over to her and she's going to talk about what we did to improve our food safety as we developed our business. Now what I intend to do is we're going to go through and I'm going to be telling you some things about the food safety program and how we set it up and our creamery but I want you to know that the basics of what we're going to be talking about will apply to anything any food product. So I'm going to be talking a little bit about FISMA the new food safety modernization act that is being implemented at this time and I hope that my goal is that I can make it so that it applies to whatever product you're producing. We know that when we're starting any kind of production that we have a lot of things that we have to get sorted out. Our financing is very important. What we're going to produce, how we're going to produce that. Our staffing, do we have money to hire help? Are we going to, is the whole family going to pitch in and get minimum to no pay for the first time as we're being established? What's our market? It's not going to work well if we produce something we have no market for. So all these things are very burdensome and can be very overcoming. We have a business plan that sort of puts all these things together and now with FISMA and when I say FISMA I'm referring to the Food Safety Modernization Act. The acronym is FSMA and what we call it is FISMA to make it short. That has now with that new act food safety is as absolutely as important as any of the other things as we start a business. So food safety and food defense become very important to what we're doing. Now to begin with I want to clarify what we're talking about. Food safety means the accidental contamination of food. That means somebody came in today and they handled a product they didn't wash their hands well. That means that somebody didn't change their shoes and as they were coming in they walked through some bird droppings and carried Lord knows what in. Those things are accidental. But now we also realize that we have to be equally concerned with food defense and that's the intentional adulteration of food. Something has been done to your food that was intentional. So no we're not just looking at what might happened. You know we have to make sure that the sanitizers are working and that the personal hygiene is working. Now we have to be a concern with equally as important as what might intentionally happen to your food as it's being processed or taken to the market. So just to clarify on FSMA as I said that is the FDA Food Safety Monetization Act and that what the aim of that whole act is that to ensure that the US food supply is safe by shifting our focus from responding to a foodborne outbreak and contamination to preventing it. So what we used to do is there would be an outbreak and we say oh my goodness let's go find out what it is. Now what we are doing as producers of whatever type of food it is we have to assure that we prevent it before it happens. So that's where we're going to get in a little bit further in the talk. We're going to talk about what preventive programs we set up and how we do that because now we have to verify that what we're doing works. We have to validate what we're doing works. So we'll get to that. Now the implementation of FSMA is it started in January 2016 was the first implementation. However if you're a very small business averaging less this is according to the FDA website a very small business averaging less than a million dollars per year in both annual sales of human food and the market value of the human food that you're holding you have three years to comply except that starting January 2016 you have to have records on file to show to prove that you're actually in this status that you're actually a million dollars or less. So that's the part you have to comply with right now. We have a little time here to get all these things but we've got a lot of work to do so it's going to take its time. If your business is subject to the pasteurized milk ordinance you have three years because they're going to be making changes to the pasteurized milk ordinance to concur with FSMA and so that hasn't all been finalized yet so we have three years if if you are in that category. If you're a very small business with fewer than 500 full-time equivalent employees you have two years so January 2018 and all other businesses have one year. So in other words what I'm saying is if you're if you go in the other business category they started monitoring FSMA but you have a year to actually get everything worked out. If you have a visit they'll come and see what you're doing progressing towards it but it will be more like a learning curve and so that's what what these time periods are. Okay so what's that mean to us? It means that as producers of food for human consumption we're responsible to develop specific and effective methods to keep foodborne illness from happening. Now realize one of the big changes with FSMA is that this now moves into a criminal it can be negligence on producing this I have no idea what I'm doing I thought it was a really good idea I didn't try to learn anything because I'm just gonna plead ignorance and it's not gonna work and so and if you review cases that's been in the news with the cantaloupe and different ones people are serving prison time because they didn't find out they didn't or they purposely to cut costs missed a step or there was a piece of equipment that they knew didn't work they didn't didn't get it fixed those are things that are very very important now I'm not trying to discourage everybody don't quit producing your things but I'm just trying to tell you that this is very important this is worth taking time to learn about okay so what are we gonna do well when I've figured out what I'm producing and some of those very first logistic things I'm going to delegate a food safety defense coordinator I need a point person to start learning what it is I need to do on on defense just the same as I need a point person to keep my money in order now we've got a small family operation like my husband told you and I'm gonna tell you we wear lots of hats so it doesn't mean that a different name goes with each one of those hats but you have to have a person that's dedicated that is you're all gonna be busy I realize that but this has to be taken seriously make sure that you familiarize yourself with the FDA inspection guidelines the FDA has a wonderful website with lots of information I'm going to tell you it takes a long time to get through the layers of what all is there and that's actually what we part of what we did with our grant is that if you go to our grant and on the front of your handout we put that number on the first slide and so that you could look it up and what I've done there is I've got just numerous numerous references that you can use with no charge that will help you get started on these things the second the next thing you have to do is register your facility with the FDA as a food facility and we'll talk about that a little bit more in a minute and now what I'm ready to do is start looking at exactly what we're going to do how we're going to do it and we're going to start with standard operating procedures that can also be referred to if you hear somebody say prerequisite programs that includes that those are interchangeable this also includes GMPs GAPs good manufacturing practices good agricultural practices so that all goes into the prerequisite or standard operating procedure part so we're going to take these things apart and talk about each point just a little bit and so we're going to delegate a food safety and defense coordinator and I'm probably going to be at the same time thinking about in my business who makes sense to be on this food safety team because in most anything there's a lot of things going on at the same time and different people are going to need to have their eyes open and at least make some contributions so seek information like I said that FDA website and our SARS our SARS grant has a ton of references to use educate yourself with good reliable information bad information well is bad information and it's be very detrimental you're spinning your wheels and you're probably going to be going backwards so with the extension with you know like I said the website there are consultants out there but beware that there's some consultants it's like everything else there's some good there's some bad so the bottom line is that you receive that education yourself if you need to get it through another party then that's perfectly fine these type of conferences the SARS website is phenomenal for information start getting yourself educated okay the next thing is know what regulation you have to you have to comply with in our business we have FSMA we have the pasteurized milk ordinance we have the 3a that is the equipment part so we have a lot of different things that we have to that we have to be aware of and we all they all luckily this is sort of a good thing that's happening with with the FSMA is that they're all echoing the same main line and so the same main goals are you know trickling from one to another with with some uniqueness of course study the regulation I know is going to put you to sleep and you're going to want to like want to smack somebody up against the head or something stay away from people while you're studying perhaps but study the regulation figure out what it means and put it into your business and you're going to be the best person to do that you and your staff because you and your staff know what's going on in your business more than any FDA compliance officer or anybody else determine how the business will comply with that regulation okay so the FDA food facilities registration if you do a Google search for FDA food facility registration it'll come up on the website now at it there unfortunately or maybe fortunately if you need to use it there is a company that'll come up first that will register your facility for a fee to register yourself with the FDA if you go to the FDA look at FDA.gov make sure that's in the website that you're clicking and they give you a line by line guidance on how to do that I'm not I'm not like disrespecting any any a company that wants to help you but the thing is that you still need to answer the questions and to pay extra money may not be in your best interest okay so we've registered for online and it will take first time through it'll take you maybe I think it probably took us maybe like by the time we actually found what we had to do and you know got settled that we were answering their questions correctly maybe an hour and a half but it's not not that daunting then you need to go in and re-register every October 1st through December 1st anywhere in that period on even number years so you re-register you will get make sure whenever you do the initial registration you print off and it will tell you it'll come up and it'll say print this and keep this information because you have created yourself a pen and so you can get back into that FDA food facility registration website and that's how you re-register you have a facility number now and so now it's registered with the FDA and they know what kind of what kind of manufacturing you do okay so there will be a change in a piece of equipment there will be a change in how you do some process and update your standard operating procedures or retreat weapons it's to blow with that and this this is like creating your own model for your for your facility that's what you're doing with this you're telling people how you're going to do it when you're going to do it maybe you're going to put a part in there why you're going to do it who's going to do it so that's what you're what the standard operating procedure and there's several things that I put on on the soldiers grant that gives you a template so it gives you an idea of where to stop and make sure that you realize that the basic things are really important like for instance you know this or said that washing make sure they had gloves as they were thinking your product they realized that's very important and so those don't just think that we're going to get the big fabulous really complicated things the very every step is very important that that's addressed so these procedures also include your GMT's and also basic environmental and operating conditions that support your safety plan in other words what we're doing here when we establish the standard operating procedures we're making a rope a roadmap that we believe we refer to our staffer refer to regulatory compliance individuals can refer to that's telling them how we're making how we do business here our standard operating procedures consider this this is the foundation of our whole safety if we build a good firm foundation or with our good all-encompassing standard operating procedures now the rest of our safety plan is going to be very successful so the contents of a food safety plan there's two columns here and we have a column which is to my right your left is the required so it has to have a hazard analysis it has to have preventive control we have to address any of these that apply to our product our process food allergens sanitation and then and there's you know it can go on and on depending on what your your facility is then we have to have some way that we set up that we're going to monitor we have to have a corrective action because we all know that in real life everything never blows away you know the way we say it we wish it did so we already decide that well in case this happens then we're going to do this and if this happens we're going to do that so we have some corrective action granted there might be another thing that comes up that we haven't decided but at least we've got a mindset so that in the moment that the catastrophe happens we start meeting ourselves in that mindset of things that we can do then we have verification okay so I'm an old my a lot of my career has been spent in managing dietary departments so for instance just to make a simple thing our thing that's very important is when we're manually washing dishes in our green pot sink is that our sanitizer is at the right well how am I going to know that's what we call verification how am I going to know my sanitizer in this three-pot sink is at the right I have a test strip so I stick the test strip in I wait the amount of time I compare it to the chart I have just made a verification so what I'm trying to tell you that verification can be as simple as a test strip and I check it and that's right now I know that if I use this amount of sanitizer and I use this amount of water it's going to be good because I verified it so it could be as simple as that the next thing is that we have a recall and traceability now a lot of people kind of get traceability and recall they sort of go from one to the other recall setting up a recall plan man that means that I already have written down on paper in the event that I get for instance a call from a customer a customer complaints and they say I don't know maybe you know you're a place that you're making hot home making this up obviously and they just got a piece of hard plastic in their hot home okay at that time my whole staff and I are just going to be like really maxed out stress to the max that I'm not thinking very well I already have to not have written down who's going to do what I have a person that's going to check the classifications of the recalls with the FDA website there's three different classifications or I mean four different classifications one that is very seriously somebody's really going to give her a feel someone that gets very high potential they're going to be injured but probably not third that's not a good thing I don't like looking at pieces of little plastic in my hot and you know so it's more like that and for it's just like you know I wish it didn't happen kind of a thing so they're different levels of classification I have somebody in my recall plan I already know and they already know what it is that they should be looking at okay traceability is that I have tracked every ingredient I put in that product and so I know when I take it I know where everything came from and when it leaves me I know exactly where it goes and so last traceability there's a few things here you can see that it's useful I want to caution you that if you put this in your good safety plan that it is you've now subject to regulatory do not embellish do not make things up that are not through for instance in your facility over make it very realistic okay then we go on and we have our risk-based preventive control so this is the new part of this line and this focus on what matters the most for food safety it's preventive it's not reactive so we're doing things that are we do things now I verify that that pot sink is at the right sanitizer but now I need to validate and sometimes these words that we use all the time but now they're in different context it's very frustrating but to validate I need to know that what I've done is absolutely going to verify so I'm good every time I'm going to test that test strip but I might have a statement from the company saying that this is true this test strip will tell you that so I validate it by for instance when we do our CIP in our free read with all the pipes that were around we have an acid wash and so we have to do an acid validation it's like environmental testing swapping that that's valid that's validating that what we're doing is right until we change the process somehow it's validating so that's sort of the difference we work in conjunction and we're supported by other programs like our good manufacturing process and we're designed to minimize the risk of being safe so that's what preventive controls are now I want to just tell you a little bit about how many are you familiar with castle how many have ever heard of us okay well has a stance where hazard analysis critical control point and just a very brief background is that that hat that started back in the 60s when NASA was getting ready to send men in a manned space ship and they didn't know for sure what was going to happen to the human body as it left the earth a gravitational force were in space with no rally what they knew for sure was the food they said could not make a sin and so they contracted with the Phil's fairy company to do whatever you have to do to assure that food does not make him sick so that's where has it was born they took every step that preparation and they made sure that there was no introduction of contamination and that he did whatever they could possible to eliminate any contamination within so in other words at that point in time when we did was in product testing we made it and then we test to see how it turned out now we're turning the tables and we're saying no we're going to be proactive we want to know what's going on as we do it so very briefly if you're interested I put we put our contact information on the back of your hand now but very briefly this is what has a bit we do our hazard analysis you look at your your what you're doing and write down possible now I was working with one company and they wrote down that will dust might fall from the ceiling well that's a good aspect it might fall from the ceiling but what we're going to do is we're going to approach that in standard operating procedures so I don't have to put it in my hazard analysis I'm aware of it and then we have critical control points what am I going to do to make sure it doesn't happen so if I'm cooking a hamburger I know that I'm going to cook it till it's done and my critical limit is I'm going to cook that beef to a hundred and fifty-five degrees I'm going to monitor it because I got a thermometer I'm going to stick in it and I'm going to know if it's not a hundred and fifty-five degrees I'm cooking a cook it longer so that's my corrective action the difference with preventive controls is that now we've added a step here that we say we may introduce that there may be allergen cross-contamination and those things so this is the difference in preventive controls and has it they work together you still need a has it but with preventive controls you have more of a global you don't necessarily stick the thermometer in it and cook it more to a hundred and fifty-five it might be something like I rewash something again so recall and trace ability and again it's the eye ability to identify each product when before you got it and after it's left you then we have our consumer complaint program and here we glean a lot of information these are the main points on the consumer complaint program that we need to make sure that we include there's a good on the FDA website there's a really good form that you can get in questions to ask I would have that all printed up in my consumer complaint program ready to use because again you're going to get a consumer complaint right in the middle of your being really busy then we have our food defense training and on the FDA website we have our vulnerability and our mitigating strategies and that's all looking at it walks you through looking at your process and exactly questions to ask and how you can answer them to evaluate your program you could use third-party audits feedback from inspections but the most important thing is your self-evaluation so in conclusion developing a food safety and food defense program is essential maintaining an efficient and effective programming has to be ongoing food safety must be as actively pursued at pursued as any part of your business and on the last page of your handout we I gave you our contact and I'm really interested I'm actually just very very interested in food safety and a lot of aspects and feel free to contact us if there's a question that you think we could ask is do you have any questions it seems like there'd be a lot of documentation to this is there anything you would suggest as far as that any kind of program or any kind of where do you get an outline to keep all this together is there anything you would suggest okay that's a very good question how do you start this this is like this is really overwhelming there's a lot of parts to it and that's what I put in our SARS grants and I put like I said I put step-by-step and there I use the FDA website because there's no sense to recreate wheels actually you'll get yourself in trouble if you try to recreate too many wheels with this but yes there's absolutely forms that you need as far as how the food safety they don't care generally they're in loose-leaf notebooks and you have a section that you know starts off with your standard operating procedures and you have a section then with your hazard analysis because it kind of it kind of flows from one to the other and then you have your preventive controls and then that brings you you can't do those unless you have a support supply chain program where you're checking that the product that you're using in your product is safe and so they all flow together so I absolutely do it's on our website if you need more information please contact me I'll be glad I mean that's exactly what I love to do those kind of things so I'll be glad to help you with that and as Linda mentioned all this information is also on the SARE website with her project report so if you go to the first page of her handout you can either search by her last name or by the project number which is this FNC 13-918 on the front page so if you go to the national SARE website which is www.sare.org click on the project reports tab and then you can search for this information she's like she said she put together lists of all the different websites that you should go to and step by step how you should try and put this together yeah I think this is a very exciting time that when food safety a long time ago I went to a meeting and it was on adding humor this is not anything I can add humor to I'm just sorry but it was it was a very good program this is stuck in my mind and this has sort of been my mantra in the on the side of the crowd there was a woman that said alone and as the rest of us would laugh because he was entertaining she would not laugh at the end she raised her hand and she said I appreciate what you're doing you're trying to make food safety interesting so people learn I lost my four-year-old son to a food born illness please don't let any other four-year-olds die and so I think that's what we have to keep in mind that that's our business if we're producing something it's our business to make sure that every four-year-old has a fifth birthday


I like very much the Schoenberg Concerto. It's a very rich piece, like most of the time with Schoenberg. A lot of different characters, changing a lot of character and of content. Extremely much written, particularly polyphonic, very interesting relationship between the soloists and the orchestra. A very compact piece with the four movements in one go. And of course the autobiographical dimension, what makes it also from this piece a kind of historical story. I'm very happy that we have another addition to our wonderful programme of facsimiles at the Heinefahrer, because this one here for the Schoenberg year is a very special production. It also has a lot of information about the restoration process, which happened in Vienna at our wonderful partner's place, the Arnold Schoenberg Centre. What they did is they used this manuscript, which was very fragile, restored it completely in a new way, and it was the perfect time for us to do this fantastic facsimile. So a wonderful addition, especially for the Schoenberg year. Among the best presents that you can get as a musician are of course music and scores, and especially the facsimile of manuscripts. I've been spoiled in the case of Schoenberg as I received recently from a marvelous colleague of mine, Florian Boffa, who recorded all Schoenberg piano pieces, the copy of the manuscript of all the solo piano pieces, and today it's a treat that the Henle Verlag offers a magnificent score of the facsimile of the manuscript of the Concerto that during the process of preparation of this concert, and lightens the piece in a very special way. Not only have we just published this wonderful facsimile edition, we also have quite a few Schoenberg editions of his compositions now in our catalogue. The one I'm holding here is this very special one, it's the Piano Solo Works, which we have published for the first time in one point.


Good morning, everybody. Welcome back to another stream. Hopefully you guys are doing great Without further ado, let's get started The essay pretty much a down day perfect Just yeah, that's it man. Just a perfect day man. Nothing more to say We'll go over it. We'll see what happens for a book map and we can carry on for today. We'll see what happens You where we can maybe get some reprieve so yesterday we talked about how potentially going up and there's potentially Horses to come out and be up to here But our first sort of point would be this point here Which end up just stopping out here as you can see just pointing in and then It just rejected itself all the way down and just continued to know it looked back from there on out Give a nice little three taps at the high Collecting these sort of long so you can see if we just zoom into this area and just focus on Damn Just focus on this you can see just how how much it just sort of comes in correct itself That's why I'm a bit antsy a little bit of a wall out You can see then this one as soon as it comes out. It just said, okay, we're done collecting now everyone everyone that we wanted To be long is long let's sort of drag this bucket down like the undertakers we are and As soon as they do that everyone now is hurling So much pain Yeah, we basically finally come down and we finally reached the place. We've been sort of looking after I think a long time now just as a point of Reference just saying, okay, cool. There's a potential to look down and sort of come down into this area So I mean we even have a bit of a buffer where we can sort of come down a bit lower and then sort of Actually sort of a hold in and then try and hit out into this area here So that's that's something that you want to make you maybe look out for this. There's this area maybe to look for in terms of downside, I Mean this is on a slow track trajectory down. It's what we wanted We'll see if we can get it a bit lower again. I just all depends on how they How they do the claiming and if they go for a second swipe down to Liquidate just the new lungs that I entered in on that sort of second first swing up. I feel so sick man Like vomiting. I don't know man. I just don't feel good today Yes, pretty much coming back down to where he wants it. I mean it is just that where it comes in gives you a nice little double top and This area where we looked at yesterday was face Where we said, okay, cool. They're just coming in here collecting lungs. There's your first resistance and your only hope is if it sort of bounces here and look strong above here, but Is it really sad a chart so you can see that? Just sort of nail in the coffin back down always here And you can see that even though we came down we came down to swipe this once You see that here a nice little stop on already of this range Middle of this sort of area here Are we back up? I think we can potentially ask for that It's some Maybe with some sort of no, yeah with some impunity we can potentially ask We can look for this as a point and say, oh, yeah, we there's this a possibility this can go into high backup and reclaiming Areas Gold is up and I know just up from the day They're just playing with a weekly who talks about That's how we looked at gold We talked about how yeah, the slow climb up. It's just something that falls and And there you go. It fell nicely but it's now on this area where we have to look at reject this point here and just come in and Get look weak here. If it doesn't look weak here again, no reason to be in that show to one that come down a bit lower, so Again, it's something to look out for something to sort of be cognizant of Walls trading gold But there's not really too much to it.  So maybe wait for the break down And to here take out these stops nice little raid then Return I think that there's probably what most people will be looking for in terms of retail traders They'll probably looking for they'll probably look to sort of watch the breakout because they missed the short They say, oh, yeah, look, there's this here They missed it here Like this thing like oh, yeah, we missed it there. It just went too high We just didn't really look at that then they see this that okay cool with that short here when it soon as it breaks That's what you're looking for since the breaks to hit that short you're looking for that those people to show into these Log stops and get absorbed and reclaimed then after that potential rise back up to this area here I mean it's something to look out for as a possibility and I think that will probably be one of your stronger possibilities The another possibility again a weaker one will probably be if it end up going high and we end up taking out the shorts Here are that we go lower In the first movies usually something that you can look to counteract anything that goes for most things In and most times you can just eat blindly just not blindly, but Smartly so counteract it and say, oh, no, yeah It's definitely going going back into this range and bloody blah and so on I mean look at it today Good because pretty much the same Just look at is creating that little pendant for itself people sort of break into Let's look we see where we have our walls again nice little thick wall here Just coming out just a single entity coming in here You can see how spotty he's been and how willing he's been to have his bit entered or oh and showing for one Something that you want to be mindful of as you can see all this sort of liquidation so Not really new shorts and and that's something that you want to know and you can see that through The speed at which this is moving you can see it does a fast-moving sort of tape You can see that fast moving tapes alone really time people got We're able to enter sort of in short here We'll probably be here, but this is a place like where if these guys are not out yet in profit and Have a weird taking profit. It's something that They will have to be above to be bullish essentially So again, just looking at a steady decline. It's just something that we'll probably smack into as soon as we smack into this area here grab some stops and We can pretty much call it a day and and then look for it to at least try and find it sort of wings back up and I think that's pretty much what we're looking for and Essentially That's what you should be sort of aiming for for today is Looking for this to come range bound and then find it Roof up here smack them morning Good mark But yeah other than that considering both Bitcoin and Ethereum are looking to do that. It's pretty nice I mean ES is looks like it's pretty much ahead of the ballgame there's something that Maybe you want to take in mind where you might just drag it up But it could go for a nice little triple wait for a nice little sort of Three swipes one two three four driving up. So again, it's it's got it's got leg room to move and and so on Hi, uh, this nearly a hundred fifty yard fun hasn't cut it. It's different since they need it Damn Uh Markets are stuck. It's evidence and says this session that in which early games were met closing losses I mean, yeah, market has been moving, but It's not really a losing market. You just have to be smart I was just short the bloody market man There wasn't really rhyme or reason to it Price action Price action what do you what do you mean rhyme or reason that doesn't need to be it's just look a lot of people who are long I put a lot of people entered long here So we needed to go down to take out those long. So a lot of people started entering short here Okay, now we need to sort of come in here And then you can see this Like there you go like we should we showed you like this is the liquidations how fast this is moving There's no way they move this tape this fast was actual real orders Is it's a majority of it's just long liquidations and you can see they place the stops here and again The only place they really got to enter was pretty much here Because you can see that's tape just not a gift bought and again just Cascade of liquidations That just shows you those a lot of vested lungs and we know there was long as you can see there's lungs here There's longs here There's there's a longs here, and that's all I really care to say cuz previous of longs that have already been taken out some point There's always rhyme and reason to everything Market doesn't really randomly on country to belief Valley gal Guilford the Edinburgh, Scotland based head fund manager the best known for tech sector investments Number it's the number nine institutional shareholder in Tesla I mean, I don't I don't think Tesla's Tesla's achievement you want to brag about You sure any assets yesterday? Did I reshot? Yes, they opened any new shorts. No They continued the short start was in yes Don't need to be in it. Do I need to be in sure anything? No I mean yesterday we talked about how spike high as you can see just closed here That's your clothes here, and there's your nail in the coffin man That's your nail in the coffin there from there and out you're vindicated in being in a short It just couldn't break this volume. It just said okay. This is where people institution collecting short as an institution base behavior. This is Trying to get retail so it's a nice little retail trap, but they're closing here So you see institutional short and why would not want to be in position of an institutional short?  So people trade flags and bear flags as a short Hey, they're short here. So they get right out here They long here they break out long here, and they get run down. Oh, no, I should have listened this flag works The retail pattern works But when they themselves would have been long here, and I'm not sure here And and using proxies. Oh, yeah, it works Then why do you not use it because it doesn't work all the time so you can't trust it But no, yeah, you can you just see that long clothes here You can go back yesterday and just Watch watch that watch that recording and just say, oh, yeah, the last off if it closes here. It's pretty much done That's that was yes a sentiment and it did nice and simple What I liked if it went a bit higher, but again, what are you gonna do? It was through and through sort of just yeah, did you want to collect all these shorts? Here's these walls as soon didn't even clear it pushing down. This is a hundred percent You made me laugh Sorry, I need that I You know how's he been doing because I haven't heard his name in a really long time Hey, is he still alive? I Mean I've been just sort of out of it. Here's that I'm again. There you go. Nice double top Don't know why you'd not have shorted that yesterday Again coming back down. It's again. It just looks like it seems to be ahead of the curve You know, you want it to hit into one of these and continue lower And then that's pretty much all I really want from it Emptying I think yeah, I think everything was a short yesterday and that was just I mean saying that as you can see you say that there was a box There was that hi hi, I mean you can see that was a short from way back here It sort of held its own here. But again, there's your volume resistance that's coming in here And they just didn't even touch it just said I know I'm too scared. It just came in for that little one and There you go. There's there would be where your trap longs would be But again, just didn't release those trap longs just said, you know what goodbye Again, he's got some breath in it. We'll see if it hits into one of these just muck out these resistant walls and you're and you're pretty much Good in good standings. I don't know. I just don't don't do that I don't think you guys listen. That's the thing. That's the problem. I Don't know. I have been wrong what in the last 30 days maybe once or twice That's that's good. Is it not? On stream have I been wrong? I know I've been like wrong once a test in real life But I don't know if I can stream I said those things because I do stupid things when I'm not on stream funny, right Coming down slowly I mean he's stuck at these stops again. It's it's pretty much the same old same odds It's got a nice little sort of rear end here I mean people who traded this would have trade again trade along here holds on but is you looking for maybe If it spikes how you're going lower if it spikes low you're going higher at some point It's just reclaiming things Ah Again, mr. Higher bound not really too fast from here came in you can see that and Pinned itself under that would have been a nice short here again, but get it just didn't work out too long You can see how it just finds finds it's funny. Just nice little stuff on almost completes this Will I liked it if it completed it a lot more you could have been baited in breath and just waited for this But again, just didn't come around just said goodbye Now it's back down to here I think it's nice nicely out steam nice little game and then all whatever you want to call it We'll see if it goes down this year month levels are really important level to hold So I'll just keep that in mind when looking at this to Find an entry if it's looking to hold monthly. You're looking to support it That's it then these are all the levels that you probably want to mark out or have I have marked out Nothing more to say anything else you guys want to look at That's interesting to you guys just just hallow me Some CR one You know, I'll finally find it's put back find a family's voice Good along for it to find its voice for a while now After sort of that abysmal so I mean not abysmal But after that's on really nice performers coming out from it and finding some things that support that we talked about here There you go. Just coming under just trapping volume under before pulling it up and Then honey itself finally here and again just reversing this again nice little nice little flip You can see where it flips it here And then off it goes Finding support here nice little retest could see and continue up fire That day I am in underwater long need 22 K to hit Ah 22 K that is that where you entered long into that's pretty much a truck where you're trying to catch a knife Possibility of doing that before going lower It's tough and because I think it would ideally look to run out long before it goes higher So the best advice I could probably give is Just kind of lost at some point probably out here if it hits it hits it don't look to re-enter just take a break for a bit and Look to re-enter in the market when you get confirmation of something like a double bottom or so on Cuz it's if it if it does this it's If it swings itself low, I don't know how low it's gonna go Most likely it's gonna go low into this wall, but it could spread its sort of wings a bit lower Where again, there's there's that 12 400 nice I don't know if it's gonna be too nice. It's pretty short bias. So you're not too Wrong to be no long, but it's just It's just more about where your liquidation point is and how much you'd lose if it gets hit it's only five X. Oh Yeah, I mean that's that's it. I mean if you cut it under So if it goes any sort of lower than this start cutting it under but and I think if you're fine with sort of if worst-case this being 22 I mean 21 to 50 I think you cut it under just under there if you're fine with like maximum just around there then You should be fine in sort of saying something like this at least to 22 500, but It's not something I normally would come down, but if you're trying to get out of a position Yeah Yeah, I don't need to take a break when my brain feels my brain is fine after I can close And That's something where that's where most of you the losses come in when you can't accept them When you can't accept a small less early it starts snowboarding and snowboarding and snowboarding until it becomes a bigger loss Then it becomes like no No What one more hundred thousand one more ten thousand to one? Just another ten thousand here. I'll see for this another hundred thousand. Oh, no No, don't go any lower and you start and you start and you start crying Don't worry, we've all been there. It's just a learning curve. It's just matter of just saying okay cool It's been wrong. Let's just cut it. Where am I wrong? What point do I get proven wrong and? It hit my entries overnight There's another thing if you're awake at US times, there's no need for the most times being overnight entry I Don't use all the night entries Mainly because number one. I don't really sleep much to begin with probably sleep about four hours a day number two, I don't like anything. I can't control so It's just it's just safer and you can see when markets are gonna move either In Asia or not if they moved in New York and here you got the New York movement, so they're not really gonna move in Asia I mean I Can take this loss, but I'm just wondering about possibilities of a pump. Yeah, it's just a pretty generous I wouldn't say a pump but a retracement back up, but it's it's pretty you you'll see 22k At the very least you can either break even or you can see it push up if it swipes low for If it goes like this way it goes down hits Hits this wall here then comes back up gives you a nice little double bottom That's what I mean you can just re-enter then be safe and and probably make your money back and then some if you do that Now that's the thing what most people don't understand is you can make them if you cut a loss early You can make your money back a lot faster than if you sit in a loss But if it does this and it goes high, then you'll go low like this. It might go. It'll just tank itself But I don't think there's much in the way of news today That's a killer lie There you go Just Canada again, we don't we ignore anything. That's kind of Canadian. We don't care about it 10 o'clock Yeah, like I said 10 o'clock looks like it's a big big time other than that you got 12 30 So you're looking for movements at these times. So there you go The 10 a.m. EST wherever that is in 12. There's just mark that out We always look at 10 o'clock 10 o'clock is always our time But usually it's 12, but now it's 12 30 we look out for just because there's someone speaking Because midday there's usually something the markets from Just from experience No, we get It's just if there's nothing going on. There's usually some some sort of change happening at 12 just because Markets pretty lazy to begin with Thing why not? Our day Okay, and if you look at that you can see that this is not EST EST would be If you look at the yeah Once minus six yeah 16 yeah, you can look at that you can see a midday usually this is pretty much Yeah, yeah, it would be but you can see what you can see that is Historically it has been sort of a loser for it and you can see just how they oh, there we go. There's yeah That's you how Waiting at 21. Yeah cool Yeah, it's good to play you can see that this is a time now.  He is converted to EST. Why is everything confusing me? Just for the sake of course This is not the time now It's not eight o'clock my time and you can see it's 14 But yeah, you can see where normally builds up to its loss again 16 There's another one that's market close and there's your 13 as well 1300 and 12 o'clock midday. There's usually a slump. Okay, so opening Or where you get your news release. So this is news News midday slump and close You can see that everything else 50 50 but below 50 in the major sort of lower percentage And and and so on. Oh, yeah, like you can see that 10 o'clock 2% winners Let's see It's just artifacting is it not if you start filtering out The market crash. Yeah, you go to August 18 10 Connected to some of the data but still sort of holds set to sort of some level of truth. You can see that here Pretty much, uh, I think they convert to the ST, which is interesting But pretty much just you can see that the major times rare. It's it's sort of It's a losing or if it's if it's winning it's losing if it's losing it's winning Pretty much go more and go more But it's this is why like I hop on about. Oh, yeah, the certain times to trade the certain times to look at things I mean Mid days of slump everything's done because of statistics and not because of some Some pattern, but I mean it is it is pattern as essentially it's It's uh, it would be confirmation bias.  Whoo Jesus This is the week of the year apparently we do really good this week. They're really good next week, but just Why don't know what happens on the eighth week? Oh, no Oh, no That's scary And we never win on the 14th week Oh damn Like seriously Like let me filter in more data set Yeah, let me finish it as much as I can there we go This is all the way from 2019 until 2023 so five years decent amount of data so look at There's a time to party in the time to rest exactly exactly You don't need to always be looking at the charts as long as you're looking at it at the most important time you're fine But yeah, if you want to know which months to trade which week you want to bundle the charts which week you want to take a Mental break you can take it here. You can take it here. You can take it here and so on But you don't want to Seriously, that's crazy That's crazy Okay, enough looking at a sort of date data Uh Data data Whatever you want to call it. I don't really care. You guys can argue Uh, this hasn't won this hasn't won numbers to crunch See even even if we go all the way that's 2018 What is it about the eighth week just just says no not today No 36 as well Another multiple of eight And you said no no not today, man Uh, I'll see you later Oh, this is just they don't they don't want it They're just not hungry for it month of the year. September just looks bad Open close In batch out the day you can see that again even looking back for 2017 1600 that it's just it's just pretty plain and simple Where it finds its uh where it finds its footing and where it doesn't There there isn't much to it Uh, I don't think they have it for yes. I actually wait they do Uh again eight o'clock It's eight Midday one o'clock in a bit of a tea. It's hard looks like they come in a bit early for this And then sort of closing. I mean it doesn't really close you can switch especially on chest, but Times are pretty much the same where you look at it does shift Depending on the news and this is the only time you want to shift your midday. It's like, okay, let's move a bit forward Let's move a bit back. Oh look someone's speaking at 4 p.m. So someone's gonna speak at close So we basically have three points to look at so Uh, whatever this does here go her whatever does 1240 we go here and whatever does like we're looking for three points trade today So we're most likely either get a double bottom or a push down high, but Maybe should look good There isn't more to add today unless you guys want, uh, your own sort of things charted Other than that, it just looks like a pretty, uh Carton drag carton dry day Is that the expression? Yeah, I think the actual expression eludes me but Looks like a If oh god, damn not this not this again. Yeah, we've got an ether. You probably missed it Ace pretty much the same sentiment as bitcoin. Uh, it's it's just looking at being a pendant It's like it's like it's like shining bright. It's it's more so it wants to run under see if he gets these stops here Does it raid as soon as it introduced shorts into the market look for it to reverse it here? that's sort of Plan one and that's sort of where my bias mostly lies plan two if it pops high first Pops his head. You're dropping it and and just simple again Just looking to counteract the pretty much the first move that comes out this market after most part You can look for you can look and wait for a double bottom, but for most part you're just You're just uh looking at a And waiting for a raid on these stops here Once you get that you're sort of pretty pretty sort of happy to sort of say Uh, you'll probably get shorts entering into the market And longs x thing for this sort of uh first sort of swing high That's pretty much it Do you have your resistant numbers here? I mean Not sure I can zoom in Can I zoom in I can know these numbers still say small but It's 16 50 15 8 8 5 and 15 7 5 So it looks like a 10-bit buffer uh from these two area here but It's decent And there isn't more more to add that deviate from bitcoin You can see how just crazy short they're going they have to sort of break this into here And it's not liquidations that's causing this again. It's just a steady sort of onslaught of Of sort of shorts entering in and being absorbed. You can see how fast this is moving It's moving from here to here You let's see that and recontextualize that let's say from here to here We've got this movement here, but we're getting this movement here You can see that it's pretty much half the sort of point that we're moving Uh, but essentially we are getting a lot more out of it just Just base and and and this is just based on sort of Looking at that you can tell there's absorption going on and and that's pretty much simple As that so you can see that people are collecting lungs So maybe they are willing to take these tops out and the market makers are willing always willing to do that Like if they're in a long they'll they have enough liquidity to say, okay, let's drop it a bit more see if You've can let let get blood out these stones Then they will just move the market In the direction they want after that But there isn't too much to it Uh, and that's pretty much it uh anything else you guys want again just leave Leave the question Dead until next week. Yeah easy I'm probably going to be dead until next year. Uh, I'm joking. Uh, no, thank you guys so much for coming Hopefully you guys enjoyed it. Uh, hopefully you guys found it informational Uh, don't forget to like subscribe at all that jazz. I don't I don't really care But have a lovely day trade safe and I will catch you guys next week. Peace


A short but sweet Diablo 4 video guys, but a quick news update, something massive is coming tomorrow, Diablo 4 just tweeted out a 7 second clip and it seems as though corruption is coming to Diablo 4. How's it going guys, my name's DPJ and if you do enjoy the video, leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more, be sure to subscribe. So a little over 50 minutes ago Diablo 4 tweeted out this saying corruption is taking hold, see what new evil foot and sanctuary during tomorrow's developer livestream at 11 am PT. Now we see a 7 second clip which you'll see on screen now, all it is is a picture of the map and it seems as though corruption is spreading across it, it's just a quick tease but guys, wow how exciting is this, now what it could be is the theme to season 1, it could be tomorrow, during this developer stream they made teas, more info on season 1, we may get a possible release date too which I actually don't think will be that far away in my opinion, but corruption is definitely spreading across the lands and wow guys, to say I'm hyped is an understatement. Now I could obviously sit here all day and make up theories about what this corruption means but I'm just going to wait guys, I'm just going to wait but if you guys want to let me know what you think this could be, be sure to down below in that comments section but yes guys, the developer livestream is tomorrow at 11 am PT, I will link their twitch and where they stream down below in the video description, set your alarms guys because this one is going to be absolutely massive, so corruption is taking hold, corruption is spreading, tomorrow guys I'm hoping we see more details in season 1 and exactly what all of this means. Show up at sweet one, hope you enjoyed it, if you did leave a like really helps us, let me know your thoughts on this down below and hopefully guys I will see you on that next one.


Show the world what it was like if aliens came here 600 years from now or humans look back 600 years What are they gonna say about you and the way we lived if they got your diary your artwork your work ethic They saw how you treated other people. You know what you did in your free time What would these people say about you? How did this person pass time back in in 2024 interesting? Oh, they watched a lot of TV.  Wow.  You know, oh, I see that they played instruments back then Yeah, we're just doing that in VR right now, and we don't even have bodies very cool And that person it looked like every single morning they had to stretch and Do some yoga and hit the hot shower because they were so stiff every single morning that this is what they had to Do to prepare for the day what discipline


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss the following question which says, a machine costs $100,000 and its effective life is estimated to be 11 years. If the scrap value is $2,500 only, what amount should we retain out of profits at the end of each year to accumulate at 6% per annum compound interest? Let us first discuss the amount of annuity in case of the immediate annuity. In case of the immediate annuity, the payment is done at the end of the period. So in this case, the amount of annuity given by capital A is equal to small a upon i into 1 plus i to the power of n minus 1, behold. The small a is the annual payment of each installment. Then this n is the number of periods of annuity. This r percent is the rate of interest per period and i is calculated as r upon 100. So this is the key idea that we use in this question. Let us now move on to the solution. In the question we have that the cost of the machine is $100,000 and its effective life is estimated to be 11 years. Also, the scrap value of the machine is given as $2,500. We have to find the amount that should be retained out of profits at the end of each year to accumulate at 6% per annum compound interest. Now as the amount is accumulated at the end of each year, so this is the case of immediate annuity and so we would use this formula to find out the amount of annuity. Now from the question we have that the amount of annuity is to continue for 11 years. So the balance amount to be retained will be given by subtracting the scrap value from the cost of the machine. That is, we subtract $2,500 from $100,000. So this is equal to $97,500. This is the balance amount to be retained. So we would consider capital A that is the amount of annuity as $97,500. Then n would be equal to 11 as the amount of annuity is to continue for 11 years. Then next we have r% is given as 6% per annum. So this is equal to 6% per annum and so from here we have i equal to r upon 100 that is equal to 6 upon 100 which is equal to 0.06 is equal to i. Now from the formula we have a is equal to small a upon i into 1 plus i to the power of n minus 1 where this a which is the annual payment of each installment is to be found. So now putting the respective values we get 97500 is equal to small a upon 0.06 which is i into 1 plus 0.06 which is the value of i this whole to the power of 11 minus 1 the whole. So further we get 97500 into 0.06 is equal to a into 1.06 to the power of 11 minus 1 the whole. On removing this decimal we write here 100 these to 0 cancel with these to 0 and so we get 975 multiplied by 6 as 5850 this is equal to a into 1.06 to the power of 11 minus 1 the whole. Now we find the value of 1.06 to the power of 11 for this we suppose let x be equal to 1.06 to the power of 11. So now log x is equal to 11 into log of 1.06. So further we get log x is equal to 11 into value of log 1.06 is 0.0253 the 11 multiplied by 0.0253 is equal to 0.2783. So log x is equal to 0.2783 and from here we get x is equal to empty log of 0.2783 this gives x equal to 1.898. So we have 1.06 to the power of 11 is equal to 1.898 putting this value in place of 1.06 to the power of 11 we get 5850 is equal to a into 1.898 minus 1 the whole. So further we have 5850 is equal to a into 0.898 that is a is equal to 5850 upon 0.898. So from here we have a is equal to 6514.47 approximately so value of a is 6514.47 dollars approximately. So now the required amount we retained out of profits at the end of each year is equal to 6514.47 dollars approximately. This is our final answer this completes the session hope you have understood the solution of this question.