from Aluelto, California. It's theCUBE at Pier 2.0. Brought to you by the Pier 2.0 Foundations. Learn, connect, and grow. Now here are your hosts, John Furrier and Jeff Frick. Welcome back everyone. We're here live in Silicon Valley. This is theCUBE Silicon Angles flagship program. Go out to the events, extract the signal from the noise. I'm John Furrier, my co-host Jeff Frick here at Pier 2.0, an organic ground breaking organization with all the internet executives together. Experts and engineers talking about the future of networks. Our next guest is Paul Wunby-Hagan, chief architect of IAEA Networking Co-author of IEEE Shortest Paths Bridging. Welcome to theCUBE. Thank you. So obviously, you know, networks are hot, right? Networks. Some say the networks are the bottleneck with all the advantages in compute, cloud, virtualization, a lot of activities, software defined networking is exploded, different paths, all this stuff going on. So what is the state of the union in networking and what's underneath that's forcing all this change? Well, there's a whole lot of different drivers out there causing change. I mean, everything from the proliferation of tablets and a few years ago, the idea of a tablet and the one standard desk didn't really exist, right? We had the original tablets, but they didn't take off like we had. At the data center, we've got servers who are now very virtual moving around, right?  We're also watching a proliferation of devices with the internet of things, drive things. So it means enterprises have to start thinking like they're service providers because they don't want to put the MRI in the same network, say with guest wireless. And that kind of creates some interesting issues. For the doctor's line. NFV is hot right now too. NFV as well, you try and make sure you got service chaining involved in that as well. This is a catch up, quite honestly, in the networking space. I mean, for the last 20 years, we've been reusing the same protocols to operate a network that's been very static when if you think about what I just said, everything connecting to this is very dynamic. Moving around, and the original networking models, you didn't like things to move around. You wanted things to stay where they were and now you have to deal with things that are mobile. And everything is mobile. Your entire edge is a mobile environment, right? Whether it's VMs or tablets. So what are some of the things involved? Okay, so like provisioning, people think about like providing ports, packet traversing, different networks, SPB, SPB's shortest path bridging is a paper you wrote. What does that mean? Define what that is in context to some of these trends. So, short-spath bridging, there were a whole lot of very talented people I worked with and created a protocol. It was a child of necessity of growth and where we looked at the migration beyond Spanish tree into dealing with the mobile environment. Like for example, for years, we've been deploying data centers where, and I say years, I would say two years. It's been, as we look at the growth this thing. And internet years. And internet years, yes. You have to be very clear on that. We're no longer dealing with Spanish tree. We're dealing with all the issues of, hey, I want to move a VM from rack one to rack 48. That would have been a nightmare in the old world. You know, that's VLAN mapping and all that stuff. And you see other ways of trying to deal with it now with overlays and VXLAN and things like that. But you could also use the native layer in combination with that. So that you can actually go straight on the internet, say I want to move a VM from here to there and the protocol just learns and moves it. Now it happens within a few milliseconds. That is a huge boom to a data center environment where basically the network disappears.  That's a very important thing is that the network has to stop being a limiting factor, a speed bump in deploying services. And now it's become an enabler of turning on new services. Is that workload driven? I mean, is that becoming the key driver workloads? We hear that buzzword a lot in IT and data centers. Yeah, it's another word of term. I mean, it's over the workloads of driving it, but it kind of comes down to where the pressure points are with vertically integrated applications that have certain requirements. But now in virtualization you can spin servers anywhere. So where's the drivers? The network adapting to the change from the workload app and how's it all connected? Honestly, I think it's even simpler than that. It's money, it's budget. Every environment I know in this world is having the issue of their budgets are shrinking, they're asked to do even more and more every year and that workload means, that term means something completely different from one environment to another environment. If I walk into the hospitals who deploy SBB versus I walk into the stock exchange where it's employed SBB, both have, their workload requirements are different. How we saw the problem is going to be similar because basically their problem was born in the fact that the network is very static, it didn't adapt, it didn't allow them to be mobile, but then you also have now they're free to do the things they put off for years, that workload pressure and healthcare, it's epic. It's all the other things doctors moving around on their tablets and want to look at radiological data as they're sitting there with the patient just after the MRI was done and the stock exchange is quickly delivering quotes, it's being able to move VMs around and virtualize and deal with outages. That dynamic- So you're saying the optimization points have to be dynamic in the sense of the problems are still the same, managing the infrastructure, but to be prepared to be dynamic based upon the optimization objective, moving around mobile or trading high volume transactions. The expectation of the user base has changed so dramatically in the last two years that if we don't adapt the network, we're going to be a stalemate in the environment. That's a big part of the aspect of both the campus side with wireless LAN, it's the same problem as in the data center with virtual machines, everything's mobile, everything's moving and that creates a pain point because to do this usually means, in the previous life, you had to spend millions of dollars to start doing this. This is a different thing now, too. You don't have to spend millions of dollars, right? So that expectations is driven by people, we talk a lot about the consumerization of IT and people's expectations are really driven by what they can do on their phone now and why can I do all this other stuff. But the other thing that always happens in any situation, as you move to your next point of failure, you've got a system with interconnected parts, as soon as you fix one or you invest for improvement here, then it just kind of moves the bottleneck to a different part. So how's that impacting, what's the next kind of big bottleneck or the current big bottlenecks you guys are working on? Automation, there's a whole lot of buzzword in the industry about SDN and what SDN is and quite honestly, SDN is purely an infancy about what it is and what it can be. It means a lot of different things, too, a lot of different people, but the fundamental issue about SDN, what it's trying to solve is automation. So SDN to one person might be open flow, it's another person might be VXL, it's another person that might be automating attachment to the fabric, something like SPV. But the reality is, you could actually use all three together at the same time. What you're really trying to solve is, make it easier to deploy all these things because human beings can't be involved in every single configuration point anymore. What do you think about the consumerization of IT? Everyone's got three to four devices. You've got light bulbs with IP addresses, you've got trash cans with IP addresses. Then you've got an explosion of virtual machines. There are doctors and environments right now that are talking about putting an IP address in a pill for you to swallow. Do you really want to be involved in all this? It's kind of interesting when we think about what Internet of Things are. It's a lot of different things we probably haven't even imagined yet. And the role of big data has been big. I want to ask you the big data question because I think we were with Jay Adelson on earlier talking about the social web and some things just become not categories. They want to become like just native part of the fabric and big data has been involved in networks for a long time, data centers. People are using data for probes and all kinds of network management stuff. So as big data comes in with the tooling, have you seen any cool innovations around that?  It's just another device on the network to deal with in this obviously SLAs and QOS real quiet depending upon the trickle effect coming from the device. So how does big data play to the network? What innovations are you seeing around use of data? So it's an interesting question. I kind of look at it maybe slightly different a lot of other people because I look at it from, okay, oh my God, there's a whole lot of devices coming in now, how are we going to deal with this?  They live in managing everything that's coming into this thing. And it does go back to this automation slant but it also goes back to the fact that when you're moving to a converged environment and you've got real-time applications and real-time means something different to you versus Jeff, that becomes an issue because for example, a doctor's real-time expectation for his voice talking to another doctor in another country while he's doing surgery versus a radiologist trying to download a whole bunch of radiological data which is huge. If you're not doing QLS properly, if you're not doing traffic reservation properly on this conversion environment, you're going to have major issues for the actual user experience. That's the biggest thing with big data that we have to constantly take on its aspect from. So I'm always going to approach it from a network perspective because that's my impact. Because at the end of the day, if the plumbing doesn't work, you know about it. When the plumbing works and it's invisible, your high life is happy. Of course when an application breaks, everyone just blinds the network anyway. So in the old days, it used to be the pager goes off. What's the new pager? I mean, what goes off? Cell phones and text, is it automatic notifications? Well, the fun things actually I've seen kind of grow out of this thing is it's watching social media hit network management. For example, we have switches that will actually IM you. That there's a problem. And you can IM back to the switch and I see all I've commanded to come back and you can do that on a group chat and a group text actually on the cell phone. So that's kind of an interesting way of looking at things differently. There's also so much things we're playing around with where the idea that you could have a tablet and instead of having to have a PC console to a box, as you get close to the switch, you're now consoled into the switch and making life a little easier to actually. I mean, the personalization aspect of data is interesting is now you can not only get real-time information, a lot of network management concept, but also predictive analytics. Yes.  Oh, I love the analytics aspect of this thing. I'm a big metrics guy. The more metrics you have as an engineer and engineers love metrics, it means you kind of geek out on the fact that you can do some stuff with this metrics and that metrics actually in its own case is its own big data. Because now like in a lot of environments, I can tell, hey, what's the delay in general loss between these two endpoints before I do the emotion? What's the performance of that doctor he's experienced in the environment before he calls me, he's complaining that there's a problem in that network? What's all this kind of combination? We now have that available to us. We didn't have a few years ago. Let's talk about virtualization. We're big fans of VM. We're obviously, you know, the beautiful campus in Silicon Valley. Very well, you know, design, nature. It's just like, it's the new HP in my mind in the valley. It's like growing company, but they came from just a single app and now full on platform. And virtualization certainly changed, certainly with cloud open stack of these environments where, you know, the role of the hypervisors kind of blending into the fabric. So that battle for the hypervisors changes. So where do you see VM where going? Or virtualization in general, you mentioned V motion. I mean, that's the nirvana for data centers is to treat geography like it doesn't exist. So that's a lot of speed of light and physics problems. Break that down for the future of virtualization. So virtualization is going to become far more ubiquitous than we ever imagined. It's going to leave the data center as well. The constant of what a data center is is also going to change dramatically for a lot of people out there. I think for a lot of people, they think of a data center as being this big building off to the side. But another thing you're going to start to see is smaller environments out there that are located off site become arms off the data center where I can start moving VMs closer to users for improved experience and having that ability to move it on the fly is something that you couldn't do before we really VM really pioneered that environment, right? VMware pioneering that helped us do some things that are pretty powerful. That's that point, though, is that we couldn't do that because VMware was stuck with the old world of networking. They couldn't move that, because to move that VM, you have to keep your IP address. You have to keep your MAC address. From the networking world, that's a bad thing to do. You never move an IP address somewhere else in the network, right? Curious whole habit. Now, we can do that with protocols like SPV. Grab that VM, drag it across the network. I don't care if it was in LA one day or in New York the other day, right? Or in two different clauses, two of racks. It's all one virtual, one-rated environment. Move the compute where the storage is, move with the data, is all this- We're stretching out. You know, we think about a three-tiered architecture, what VMs are typically used. You have your application tier, your web tier, and all behind it, by the way, you got this database tier. And typically, they're all located directly with each other in a couple of racks. Hey, what happens, though, if I can grab that web tier and actually move it closer to the user? Now, the response from the web tier becomes faster and you can kind of distribute it out there in your cluster and your database didn't have to move. It's too heavy. You don't want to pick that up and move it around too much, but the web's pretty light. You can do creative things now that you couldn't do in the past. So let's kind of break this down. So you're basically saying all this flexibility and agile-like features of moving resource around is now going to be the new normal. So that's a pretty transformative concept. You think about where we've come from and where we are in the market. What's that going to enable? And in your mind's eye, what are some of the things that will be coming up and the fruit off that tree will be what? New apps, new experiences, what do you see? I think it's going to drive a lot of different things and there's a lot of things we don't know, we don't know yet, but one of the interesting things I'm watching in the environment as people start adapting to this is a realization that you have to think differently. Everything you've known for the last 20 or 30 years, you have to adapt your way of thinking of how you use it, right? So we used to think we build colossal buildings and we got to build around this protocol, that protocol now. You don't think about colossal buildings. You do have colossal buildings, but how do we use them in combination? We use them to do more creative things of deploying the services, like I said. You're able to kind of twist your thinking to say, now that I have this freedom, what are the things I put off for years because I couldn't do, they were too expensive or too complicated, which also goes back to OPEX costs, which is a good 80% of costs in any environment is OPEX. A lot of people think that the cost is buying the boxes and the switches and the VMs. No, it's running the environment. When something breaks, it's an incredible cost to normalization. Now when something breaks, we've got that analytics, we've got a lot of information and now that we can feel more comfortable about that, we can do more for these environments. Freeze us. So Paul, I'm going to shift gears a little bit. Talk a little bit about the impact of open source in the networking world. It used to be people would get together, we'd define a standard, we'd define protocols and it's actually interesting that G and Cisco are leading a pretty, it looks like from the outside, successful effort around internet of things and coming up with some industry protocols. But now we have the whole open source movement that's moved from the operating system and continues to proliferate through the stack where it's really the everybody that goes in and starts to define really what the standards are. Talk a little bit about the impact of open source in the networking world. Goodness, badness, and where do you see that going? I'm a huge fan of open source. Having worked in Linux for many years, I love everything about open source and I also have lived through the pain of open source in the early days. And that's a clear delineation here. You got an economy of the ability to quickly have multiple eyes on a problem. It's not led by a single vendor. You've got the actual problem set to find to the real user base. That's a fantastic aspect of the open source. The other issue though and the other side of this economy is, well, who's going to support you when something breaks? Does this require a whole lot of configuration and software development and are you an environment that can take that on? Do you even have a software development team who've got PhDs and master's degrees in software development? Or is there some middle ground where you can grab off the shelf things like open stack is a phenomenal example of something that's got package environment that allows an IT organization to quickly deploy an Amazon Web service that function. It's pretty complicated to set up. It's not for the faint of heart but it's getting a lot easier today than it ever was a few years ago. That's going to help drive a lot of innovation. And to me, that's the biggest thing that we can actually drive out of open source open standards, right? So as we work the ITF and the IEEE and open source environment as a big nice triangle of development, it drives innovation to the real problem, right? Not to a single vendor's proprietary direction. And that's a real strong statement there because the internet of things is no longer driven out of a certain particular vendor market set. It's coming from everywhere. And like I said, I mean, trash cans of IP address. You ever think you're going to be talking to a trash can vendor about your network, right? Oh, by the way, that means that the trash can has an IP address, guess what? There's a server somewhere managing them, right? Because it's important for security. You want to know if a heavy package was dropped in a trash can because that could be a bomb, right? So that has a whole lot of cascading effects to it. Ripple things that we, you know, unintended consequences and reasons. Right, right. So on the future of networking, let's talk about the big players. Cisco, Juniper, they're the incumbents, okay? There's a lot of legacy involved. East, west, north, south, mindset, you know? And certainly Juniper's been under some management changes recently. Cisco, obviously, the whale of all is getting in the server business. You see what they're doing in the server that's been very successful. Where is the converged infrastructure going? I mean, the data center is the future.  So where is converged infrastructure going in the sense of it's happening? So converged infrastructure is no longer just going to happen, it's kind of happening. Converged infrastructure is going to drive some interesting things. It already has been driven as well as drivers. There's a push-pull effect going on there about how do we deal with this converged environment and its impact on some of the network space and then the network dealing with, okay, we got a whole lot of these package systems coming into this environment and is it prepackaged for one environment? Okay, what's the cost basis of this as well? Because is it cheaper to build it myself or is it cheaper to buy as one package system? And then that cheaper is a very important question because you have a net present value concept you have to do this. Is the cheaper really a question of the capital costs or the cost of buying the stuff, the licenses and the people to know how to put it together? And then after it's deployed, how do you manage it? So converged infrastructure is going to become just a single point you're going to see everywhere. It's going to become the de facto standard and an environment out there because it turns a data center into a turnkey Lego kind of aspect. We can start deploying these converged environments in nice little ways. I mean even in Avaya, we're deploying converged environments. Cisco is, you see it coming from every direction which means that's another problem. It's a, how do you guys think differently? Obviously Avaya, you guys are in the big whale category and you've got companies like Newtonus that have come out of the woodwork, nimble storage, these guys just, I mean quite frankly, knowing what fun Newtonus when they first started, they were talking about thinking differently. D. Rogers was talking to me, he's like, hey, you know what, we had a hard time convincing people that this was going to happen next to you know, they're doing very, very well. So again, that's an example of thinking differently. So how do you guys think differently? What do you guys need to do? We think of it in a lot of interesting ways. So I mean as I was trying to say this to you guys, when you have all these different converged environments and they're all by different vendors, if they don't have an irreparable way, you've got a problem because you don't want to be locked into a single vendor. That's one of the aspects we take by this and we use standard operational procedures, we use open source technology, we use open standards. We're approaching it from the aspect of we know real-time applications and real-time networking better than anybody else in the industry. We have developers running software for iPads and androids and real-time software that's voice and video and we tune the network to make sure it can deal with that. And that was an environment we noticed too is that a lot of the failures in real-time applications is because you haven't configured the environment properly. You might get the QoS settings never properly but did you get all the buffers tuned properly in that conversion environment? Because if you didn't, you're going to have a lot of problems in your real-time application. Now, we look at this, okay, we got real-time because we have UC as a service. We worked with a lot of service providers now and they're offering this as an conversion environment. You have UC as a service, you have Context as a service on our network, on our environment. But when I go to healthcare, another customer of ours who also buys these services, their real-time service is that radiological data I just talked about. Their real-time service is the patient data and I can use that over again in education and in manufacturing. It's an important thing to change that. So our aspect of this today is like, how do we make sure that the environment is doing what they need to be to run their business? If your business is cooking chicken, you shouldn't care about the network. You should be worried about the productivity to make more chicken, all right? I wonder if you can just talk a little bit more about that because real-time is a great word, right? It gets thrown around all the time and what is real-time and it's really contextually sensitive, right? It's really about what's real-time for you to do something important or to make an important decision or to make an important move, right? There's really no single definition of what is real-time. No, no. I think there are certain elements of real-time that most people can agree on, all right? It's been around forever, voice, okay? That's semi-real-time. But actually in reality, you can step back and say, okay, I have accepted certain levels of quality on cell phone that I will never accept on an online. And that's a certain user experience you got to make sure you meet where your users are going to complain, right? So that's real-time. It has absolutely nothing to do with real-time. We're not real-time. It's all about expectation. And that's the subjective nature of the word real-time, right? We will accept different types of real-time on different environments. And if you don't meet that human expectation, you're going to have problems.  The other issue that I suspect is that next one, what is the user? A doctor's got a completely different set of what his expectations of a real-time application and what he would deem real-time versus a stock trader, right? One's worried about human life. The other one's worried about billions of dollars on the line for something not working for a few minutes, right? I think you asked them what real-time is. They're going to have completely different definitions of it. And if you can't meet it, you've got a problem. But the solid actually comes down to very similar problem sets, right? It's quality of the network. It's quality of the application on the end device. It's quality of the experience of the user into it and his expectations, which goes back to your point, John, about analytics. It means you can't be reactive anymore. You have to be proactive and seeing things happen before someone has to pick up a phone or complain that they can't pick up the phone or any other aspect of this thing. You have to be able to react before any problem ever really exists. Paul, my final question to you. What is the biggest game changer that you're going to see in the networking space in the next couple of years? As things like peer 2.0, this community comes together. You have software-defined networking. You have cloud, you have mobile. User experiences are changing up and down the stack. Get big data, internet of things. I mean, it's almost the perfect storm for all the theaters of innovation. Absolutely. There are two aspects. There's the things you won't see and the things you will see. The things happen in the background, like peer 2.0 is going to draw the hole. We've seen the conversations happen here. It's fantastic when you talk among ourselves and where we've been, where we're going, the things we can do now that we couldn't do before will lead us to new business models and new capabilities to deploy services faster to people in residential environments. We've got CDN aspects and all that. It's a pretty cold environment. But then there's the actual user space that you will see things change. We're sitting here right now with you guys having two laptops in the desk. I look around the environments where I look in IT environments, I don't see laptops or even desktops in environments anymore. I see 90% of people walking around of the younger generation it is with just tablets. Their whole world is that tablet. And that's going to drive a whole new way of having to deal with America as a problem. How you communicate and your expectation of the world. I laugh because I watch it with my daughter every night when she gets home from school where when I was her age, all of our friends got together after school. How did they do it? They all get on a Skype. And I look at her, she's sitting there doing homework and she's got six other of her friends or the girls on the Skype session communicating across to their kitchen tables. That is going to drive an expectation into the workforce. Yeah, and certainly mobile as well as driving that even more with app specific integrated communications. Yep. So when you get that user base, it expects one and they're going to expect that when they get to work. So real time in your opinions, table stakes at this point. Absolutely. For all applications. Absolutely. Every application has its own concept of real time. And it differs so dramatically no matter where you go. Paul Unmi Hagen, Chief Architect of IA, Networking Co-Author of ICHIPELEE 8021, AQ, Shoda's Path Bridging. Thanks for joining us here in theCUBE. Peer 2.0 inaugural CUBE event here. Their first event, great community, small kernel of folks and experts here expanding the industry. This is theCUBE on the ground and extracting the signal from the noise. We'll be right back after this short break.


Γεια σας, είμαι η Βυγκή, και καθώς ήρθατε σε έναν νέο αργένου λαϊκότητα. Το σχέδιο μου σήμερα έχει ένα βίνταξο, νομίζω και σχέδιο, και θα δοκινήσω με ένα προφέρσο στάμψετ από Τυμ Holtz. Αυτό είναι πολύ προσφαλείο και έχω δοκινήσει σε αυτό. Και τώρα είναι η στιγμή που θα χρησιμοποιήσω. Θα δοκινήσω με τα νομίζω και το αργένου. Και θα εξηγήσω σήμερα. Θα παίρνω με το σχέδιο μου σπραίστας, και θα μεταφυγήσω με το σχέδιο Όξι το οποίο μπορώ να δημιουργήσω με αυτό. Τώρα θα χρησιμοποιήσω το ίδιο φόρο που χρησιμοποιήσαω, σπίτι που χρησιμοποι Vale, που χρησιμοποιήσασα το βίνταξο και το ασχέδιο. Τώρα στον επόμενο τη εμπορία φωτο occupationς μου χρησιμοποιήσαω με το σχέδιο Τιμ Holtz. Πριν σήμερα θα μεταφύω να παίρνω με το σχέδιο, μεύ banget Υλιό που μπορώ να δεις καιεις αλλατές σχέδια.  Please let me know in the comments down below if the noise is too disturbing because then i will have to do the voiceovers during the evening when the builders aren't working. So anyway let's move on to the next phase and this is where i'm going to combine spray stain with oxide spray and you will see that both are going to work just fine together. First i decided to apply a little bit of moist. This is water in this bottle. This is going to help all the next sprays to blend better. So i'm starting with vintage photo and then i'm going to apply speckled egg and i can already see how different this color combo looks against the one that i did previously with the same colors but in ink pads. I'm adding even more water and i absolutely love how these colors blend together. I think that this is the perfect color combo for creating vintage backgrounds and i absolutely love how that speckled egg when it comes together with vintage photo it gives that almost greenish look. So i'm using my heat gun to make sure that everything is nice and dry and i'm also since i have a lot of water on top of my page i'm going to help that move even more by lifting the pages by sticking down the gears beforehand i do have some texture and interest on my background and by just using two colors i ended up having an instant background that i think is just gorgeous. Now i'm just going to add some finishing touches on my background these are techniques that i always like to do and i'm starting with stamping i'm using a black archival ink and the stamps that i'm playing with are from the professor stamp set notice how i avoid having a perfect stamping image i think that this adds more to the look that i'm going for and i'm also going to switch to another stamp now and go all around the borders notice that i'm not even using a stamping block this way i get imperfect stamping which is exactly what i'm going for i also like to have darker edges this is another technique, a go-to technique for me so i'm using black suit and i'm going all around with my blending tool darkening up the edges this is going to bring more the eye towards the center of my page and it looks more finished now all those gears are slightly raised i'm going over them with my blending tool without pressing at all so the ink stays only on top of the gear and this is going to help define them even more and they stand out better from the background however i don't want them to be super vibrant so i'm not overdoing that now it's time to add some splashes first i'm starting with water i'm going to leave that there for a few seconds to react with the ink underneath then i'm just going to blot it with my paper towel i'm also going to add some black splashes and these are going to be the finishing touch for my background i'm really happy with how it looks at the moment i'm going to leave it aside to dry and then i will start working on my focal point now my focal point is going to be the professor so i'm going to stamp him and i'm using my stamping platform this is quite of a big stamp and i need to get a good impression so i'm stamping that with black archival ink that's jet black and i'm working on mixed media paper now for his glasses i wanted to have some shine that's why i brought in my embossing glaze this is in speckled egg and it's going to match nicely with my background so i'm using my ranger embossing pen so this is going to apply some transparent ink only on the areas where i want to apply the embossing powder it's going to stick there and then i'm going to hit set it now remember that embossing glaze is transparent which means that it's going to add a shiny tint or anywhere you are going to emboss it but it's going to be transparent so if you do that over black you are going to end up with shiny black and here is my second mistake my black ink wasn't completely dry so i have powder all over the place now this second mistake is easy to fix i'm just going to use a clean brush and i'm just going to dust off any excess powder and i'm bringing in my heat gun here completely unaware of what is going to happen so i'm going to melt my embossing powder and remember this is clay so it is transparent and i end up having just black shine it looks great and it's perfectly usable however i was going for that speckled egg tint on his glasses that's why i'm going to show you how i fixed it all i'm going to do is to stamp his glasses one more time by using my VersaMark ink i'm going to apply my powder there and just cut out the parts that i want so that i can stick them on top of my glasses also notice that i did use my scissors to cut all around him without leaving any border at all and i did run a black marker all around the edges just to cover up any cut out mistakes and now i'm using my scissors and i'm going to cut out the glasses and these really add too much on the paint first of all they are the same color as the background so they match perfectly and at the same time they add shine on his glasses it is quite difficult to catch on camera but trust me it really makes a difference in real life now my professor is currently black and white but i want to add some color on him for that you can use watercolors you can use any other type of coloring medium you like i decided to go with my alcohol markers i'm not doing any crazy coloring just adding a little bit of color on his skin and i don't know how this idea came to me but for some reason when i was coloring him i had that idea to use fired brick to tint his clothes and i'm just using a post-it node to mask off his color making sure that this is going to stay nice and white and now to put everything together i'm going to add a little bit of vintage photo on him as well since i have that color on my background and since on my background i don't have at all that red color of fired brick i'm just going to use my dabber and go here and there with that color just to bring in that touch and at the same time it looks like rust so i think it matches nicely with the look that i was going for now i'm going to stick him down and i did use matte medium for that i have a little bit of a gap between the bottom of my page and where i stick him down and that's because i want it to be more towards the top so for that gap i'm going to fill it in with some washi tape but it doesn't look as if he is floating there i am combining a couple of washi tapes i had in my stash for ages and i like the black along with the one that has a tape measure on top so both of them have numbers and i think they match nicely with the rest of the page now i always like to add a washi tape in triangles so that's why i'm going to create two more clusters on my page so on the first cluster i'm going to go with a sticker that says trust your crazy ideas on the second cluster i went with another sticker that says never doubt your instinct and finally on the last one up top on the right corner i went with b original i am using my white gel pen to add some highlights on some of the gears not everywhere just a few here and there but this is going to help them stand out even more now i want to use this but it is quite thick i don't want to add too much bulk on my pages that's why i'm going to peel off the top it's really easy to do that and now i can stick it down and i'm really happy with how this layout came together i absolutely love the fact that although i used the same color combination just by using different mediums of the same colors i ended up with a completely different look now i'm going to stamp the date and i'm going to call this project done you can see here some close up photos i hope that you had fun today that you got inspired you will find links to everything i used down below in the description area thank you all so much for joining me today and i'll see you all next time


Previously, we've talked about when an implication can be vacuously true. I wanna continue that discussion in this video but also talk about something very important that's related to as well. When can an implication be trivially true, okay? Now, to understand what this terminology means, let me remind us the four possible evaluations we can have with a conditional statement. A conditional statement has a premise P and a conclusion Q. These are primitive statements that themselves can be true or false. The true values of the premise and the conclusion then relate to the truth value of the conditional which is itself a compound statement. But they aren't, they're not necessarily the same but they are related. And these are the four possibilities. Your premise can be true and your conclusion could be true. That makes the conditional true statement. It could be that your premise is true and your conclusion is false. That actually makes it a false conditional statement. This is the only time a conditional can be false because you have some expectation. If this happens, then this will happen. But it happened, but not this one. That's a lie, that's a false statement. If the premise is false and the conclusion is true, that makes it a true conditional. Also, if the premise is false but the conclusion is false, that also makes it a true conditional. This second case we've talked about before and we'll talk about it again, of course, in this video here. If the premise is false, then the conclusion is under no obligation to be true or false. And therefore the conditional statement is still a true statement, all right? So let's talk about how does the truth value of the premise or conclusion affect the truth value of the conditional. Now, look at these two cases right here. The case where true implies true and false implies true. In both situations, the conclusion is true and the conditional is true. And so this is an important thing to realize. If the conclusion of a conditional is true, then the conditional is likewise true. If the conclusion is true, then the conditional is true. And so we can use that as a proof pattern to show that a conditional statement is true. If the conclusion is true, independent of what the premise is, it doesn't matter if the premise is true or the premise is false, it don't matter because if the conclusion is true, that makes the conditional true. And so we can argue that a conditional is trivially true because its conclusion is true. Let me show you some examples of these things. These are very, very simple propositions that you are not gonna win the millennial prize with this or anything like that because they are trivially true. Take any real number x. If here the square of x is less than 73, then zero is less than one, okay? Now, depending on your choice of x, x squared may be less than 73, maybe not. But regardless of this, when you look at the conclusion, zero is less than one. The conclusion zero is less than one is always true. And therefore the implication is true. Let me be clear about this. If P is the statement, x squared is less than 73. And if Q is the statement, zero is less than one, then with regard to Q, we know Q is true. With regard to P, we don't know. It could be true or false depending on the choice of x. But the implication that P implies Q, that is a true statement regardless of whether x squared is less than 73 or not. Because if it is, then this will be true. But even if it's not, this will still be true. And this is why of course we call it trivially true. It didn't actually depend on the premise. Now, typically when one writes a mathematical proof, if a statement doesn't require the premise, one typically just ignores the premise because it's not doing anything. You're sort of overly complicating it. But from a logical sense, this is a valid proof. Let's look at another one. If A is an integer such that A is odd, then two A is even. Well, I want to point out again that the conclusion is always true regardless of the premise there. Because even means that you're divisible by two. And divisible by two means you can factor the numbers two times A. The number two times A is clearly divisible by two. And hence the implication will again be trivially true. This, since the conclusion is always true, the implication P implies Q is also true. I'm not saying that A is odd. A may be or may not be. But the implication that P implies Q is true because the conclusion Q is true. Now, when we talk about this being trivially true, I want you to note that the triviality of the proof is because the conclusion is true, then the conditional is true. It doesn't mean that it's trivial, that the conclusion is true. We're saying that the conditional is trivial, but the conclusion actually could be elaborate, right? And that oftentimes happens, right? We need something to be true. We have some hypotheses. And then we end up not using the hypotheses because the conclusion was true for other reasons, but it maybe wasn't self-apparent. So consider this one here, this proposition. Let X be a real number. If X is less than five, then X squared minus two X is greater than equal to negative one. Now, be aware that this inequality, the conclusion we're trying to prove here, X squared minus two X is greater than equal to negative one. That is algebraically equivalent to the inequality X squared minus two X plus one is greater than equal to zero. You get that just by adding one to both sides of the equation, okay? And then on the left-hand side, if you take X squared minus two X plus one, you could factor that. That turns out to be a perfect square trinomial. It becomes X minus one squared, which is greater than equivalent to this one right here. So these two inequalities are equivalent. These two are equivalent. That means they have the exact same solution set. But then this one over here, it turns that if you take X to equal one, you'll get zero. So you have equality. And then if you take something other than one, you're always gonna get a positive number. This is properties of real numbers. Think about geometrically, you're just taking the graph of some parabola, greater than or equal to zero. You're talking about the Y coordinate there. It's always above the X axis. This is always true. And it doesn't matter whether X is less than five or not. This holds always. And therefore, this is a true statement because the conclusion is true. And the reason I present this example is that when you first looked at the conclusion, it might not be obvious from how we wrote it that that's a true statement. Like in this case, it was obvious. But the inequality, maybe you didn't see it at first. If you did, good at you, but you probably didn't see it at first. But one can then show that the conclusion is true. And therefore the implication, the if then statement is also true. So if the conclusion is true, then this implication is true regardless of the premise. Now, in situations like this, if you prove something is true without a hypothesis, that is a valid proof. But when it comes to mathematical writing, if you didn't use a hypothesis, that doesn't make your proof invalid. But what you typically do is you remove the hypothesis. And so you say something like this, let X be a real number, and then X squared minus two X is greater than or equal to negative one. You can strengthen the statement by removing hypotheses that are unnecessary. You don't have to remove the hypothesis because the statement would still be true even with superfluous hypotheses. But better mathematical writing happens by removing unnecessary hypotheses, even if logically it's not necessary. Now, on the flip side of this coin, I want us to consider the cases, we've considered this before, consider the cases where now the hypothesis is always false. So we saw that if the conclusion is always true, the implication is true, but if the hypothesis is false, what does that say about the conditional? Well, there's the situation where false implies true and there's the situation where false implies false, that is always a true statement. Like I alluded to earlier, if the hypothesis is false, the conclusion statement has no obligations. It could be true, it could be false. And this is what we mean by something being vacuously true. Vacuous because the premise is empty because it's false, but the conclusion could still be true even if the premise is false or it could be false, right? The conclusion, but the statement, the conditional statement is true is what we're trying to offer here. You can put on any ridiculous premise you want, if it's false, and then your conclusion could be anything. You could ask for the moon at that point because it will be true, vacuously speaking. Let me give you two examples of this. Let X be an integer. If X is greater than three and less than two then X squared plus four equals seven. I want you to notice that this statement, this if then statement is a true statement here. Let's be careful here. You have P is the statement three is less than X and X is greater than two, excuse me, X is less than two, like so.  These are our statements here where considering the implication P implies Q. Is that a true statement? Well, with regard to the conclusion this time, we don't actually know. Depending on your choice of integer X, it could be true, it could not be true. Actually, one could do even better because if we restrict X just to be integers, are there integers whose square plus four is equal to seven? That would be the same thing as X squared is equal to three and there's no integer whose square is equal to three. So in this case, we can actually determine that the conclusion is false. There's no integer whose square plus four is equal to seven but regardless of that, when you look at the premise, if X is greater than three but less than two, then this will follow, right? But the premise is likewise false. There is no integer that's greater than three and less than two, it's not possible. So this is a false implies false situation but like we observed before, the conditional is true. So in common English, this is when we use idioms like, well, when pigs fly, you can go to the concerts or whatever, maybe a parent's telling you that you can't go to the concert that all the cool kids are at or whatever. The idea is they give you some hypothesis that, oh, okay, if this impossible thing happens, then you can go, right? So their conditional is true. It's being a little mean of course but it is a true conditional statement that I don't care if the conclusion is false because the premise is false, the implication is true. This being true does imply that being true even if both statements are impossible, the conditional is true. Another example of this, let X be again an integer and suppose that negative X squared is greater than two, then X equals five, right? Well, in this case, the conclusion could be true if X is five or it could be false if it's any other integer, right? But when you look at the hypothesis, negative X squared is greater than two. When you take a real number like an integer and you square it, that always is going to give you something non-negative. It'll usually be positive unless it's zero, in this case, it could be zero.  None of those are greater than two. So in this situation, the hypothesis is false and as such, the implication P implies Q here is a true statement. It's true because it's vacuously true and that is the proof. Now again, people typically don't worry about proving vacuously true statements or at least you might not think it. It turns out they do show up with enough occasion that's worth consideration here. But what I'm trying to say here is that when we work with conditionals, there are some special cases where it's true trivially because the conclusion is automatically true. I should say the conclusion is true therefore the conditional is automatically true. There's also this case where the conditional is vacuously true because the premise is false and therefore the conditional is true. Now because of these considerations, one must determine the true value of a conditional statement such as P implies Q. There's basically only one case you really care about. It's the case where false, excuse me, where true implies false, which we know that of course is equal to false. That's the one we care about. And so you have to determine that never happens. That true implies true, that's fine. False implies true or false implies false, those are fine. You have to show when you're working with an implication that this never happens. And so the way you do that is you assume you assume P is true because that's the only situation this could happen. If P is false, you're already done because it's vacuously true. Then you argue, argue, argue, logically speaking and then you conclude, oh, therefore, therefore Q is likewise true, thus avoiding this situation right here. This is the basic template of what we refer to as the method of direct proof. One proves an implication by assuming the hypothesis and then arguing the conclusion is true under that hypothesis. Now, of course, you can have trivially true statements where the conclusion is true regardless of the hypothesis but the direct proof only worries about this one case because the other three cases are trivial or vacuous in those situations. We just have to make sure we avoid this situation. And that brings us to the end of lecture seven. Thanks for watching. If you learned anything in this lecture, please like these videos, subscribe to the channel to learn more about these things, to see more math videos like this in the future. And of course, post any comments below if you have any questions and I'd be glad to answer them.


So, thanks for coming to the first talk at the Breakout Hall. So today I'm going to talk about the CASPER implementation and I will update the latest status of the development in our research team. Okay, about me, so actually I'm Chiang Wu-Chien. So right now I'm working in Vitalica 3 Research Team as an Ethereum researcher. But actually my background is coming from security and privacy and most of the focus on wireless networks and the vehicular networks. So I'm also a Type A7MIA organizer. So if you have any chance to come visit Taipei, maybe you can contact with me directly. Then I would be happy to have you have a presentation there. And so right now I'm working on a CASPER. So that's why today I'm going to give you a brief introduction on what we are going right now. And I also use Pi Ethereum and Pi's app to develop CASPER. So the right corner actually is our Taiwan's logo, Taiwan Island's logo. It's made by Ethereum. So it's designed by a staff company called Amin, which is also from Taiwan. Okay, so why is CASPER? So CASPER actually is a next generation consensus pro-stair consensus protocol in Ethereum. So it says it's a deposit base, means that you need to put your deposit into a smart contract so then you can become a validator. And so you can start to vote for a particular checkpoint. So why do we need to have a deposit into the smart contract? Because the validator could do some bad things. So if they do some bad things, we can delete their deposit. And also the pool of stake is based on the business time for torrents. So that means that if more than two-thirds of the validator follow the protocol, then no confidence in block will be finalized. Otherwise, I mean, if the majority is less than two-thirds, that means the system will get stuck. So this is called like a lifeness. And this is a kind of situation we want to avoid. So I think maybe it kind of a confusing person. Right now we have two kinds of version of Casper in our internal research team. And one is designed by Vitalik. We call it Casper friendly finality gejia Casper FFG. And also we have another Casper design, which is by Vala, which is called Casper CBC. I think he will have a presentation this afternoon. So yeah, Vala's Casper design is super cool. So yeah, so don't miss it. So today I want to give you a brief introduction of how does Casper work. Yeah, because I think people have already learned some of Casper's work on our wiki or on some of the article, but because we have two version of Casper, I mean, two implementation, so it kind of confusing. So today I just want to introduce you the Casper FFG. So hopefully after this presentation, I can make you to the Casper more friendly today. Okay, so what is the advantage of the Casper? So basically, because it's a proof of stake protocol, it is not like the proof of work. So it means that you don't need to buy the hardware to have more, I mean, computation power to solve the problem that we call the mining. So you can get a reward from the proof of work. So it's kind of like wasting some electricity. So for the green purpose, so this is why we want to have a proof of stake. We want to have a Casper because it's more energy efficiency. And the second reason we want to have a Casper is because it's a kind of finality. It's a pretty, I mean, non-reality concept of the Casper because just like, as I said before, because you need to put your deposit into a smart country. So once the validator misbehaves, then we can delete all of the data deposit on the smart country. But you know, in the proof of work, even the miners have more than 51% computation power. You cannot just punish them. What you can do is just focus on the chain. OK, the third reason is we want to reduce the risk of centralization because in the proof of stake is the vote weight is actually is dollar by dollar. Dollar by dollar. It means that if you pay one dollar, you only can, I mean, get the one dollar benefit. But in the proof of work, if you have more, if you have pretty high computation power, this means once, later, if you want to have more computation power, the price you need to pay or the cost you need to pay is quite cheaper. So this is very different from the proof of work. OK, so yeah, so and I think we need to know this is because this is a bit of a non-photorist base. So yeah, once again, more than to serve validator, need to follow the protocol. So no conflicting bus will be finalized. And we need to keep in mind because validator could misbehave. So they maybe want to try to get the system stuck or maybe they will, I mean, split into two groups. And in each two groups, the vote weight maybe is draw, so the system can get stuck. So yeah, as for this kind of situation, we need to avoid. So why is the change of the Casper? So basically, our goal is to want to have an ever-growing kinetical chain just like we have in proof of work. So the block could be coming one by one. So everybody will see the same chain. That means we can have a data consistency, however, you know, because this is very different from the proof of work because everybody need to reach the consensus. So in the proof of work, if there is only one miner, even he has a very low computation power. He can still solve the problem. Maybe it just take a long time. Because in the proof stack, if the validator do some kind of misbehavior or malfunction, then the system could get stuck. So the change problem we need to solve is accountable, safety, and a possible liveness. And I will explain them later. So now I will give you, so why is validator? How to become a participant into the Casper? So if you want to start to run in a Casper, you need to become a validator. So right now, any ESA holder can become a validator. So for example, if we can set a fixed amount of ESA, like a storage hole to make you become a validator, like maybe 5,000 ESAs. So if you have 5,000 ESA, you can become one of the validator.  So the smart country actually will record your signature. And also, it will record you how many deposits you put into a smart country. So it could be used to, I mean, used to reward or used to penalize. So why is the law of the validator? So just like I mentioned before, the validator's job is to reach a consensus via votes. So each time when the validator sees a checkpoint is generating, so they will vote for the checkpoint. So yeah, because the checkpoints will come one by one, so the validator, each time they will vote for the checkpoint. However, sometimes because the chain could be forked, so maybe the validator could see two different checking points H from at the same, in the same round. So like this, if you hear the vote weight of the validator is more than two-third, then this system will be fine because the system could work. Yeah, because this is a bit present time for Torian's future. However, if the validator spits into the two groups and each two groups are less than two-third, then system will be, I mean, stuck. So this is the problem we need to avoid. Okay, so what is the vote weight? So actually, the vote weight is not everyone has the same vote weight. It actually is proportional to the total deposit size. So let me give you an example. So here we have five validators and each one have $10, $30, $10 and $40. So that means they do not have the same vote weight. The vote weight should be one, one, two, three, two, one, two, one and two, four. Okay, so why is the validator's job? So if they vote for a particular checkpoint, if this checkpoint is getting finalized, then the validator can get the reward. And in our smart country, because in each time, validator could send a request message to say, hey, I want to join into the CASPER to get the reward or being a validator. So we will have a time period, so every time you can send a request. But also, if you think that the investment into the CASPER is not worthy to do that, also you can make a request to leave the group. So it's more like a dynamic of validator states. So right now the CASPER is called HyperCasper. Next is because when we see this, because the validator needs to vote for the checkpoints. So actually, where is the checking point from? Right now, because we are laying PLS on top of POW, means the checking point actually is coming from the POW. So every 100 blocks could be a time of period. We call it an epoch. And then in each epoch, we will have a check point here. So this is the validator they need to vote for. And why we want to do the HyperCasper, the other reason is we want to incentive minor to migrate to POAs more smoothly. Because if they are doing the proof of work, the reward they can get maybe is less than the reward they can get from the POAs. So this can make them have incentive to migrate to POAs. So hopefully we want to make a canonical chain and the checking point could be finalized one by one. The more checkpoints are getting finalized, that means that we can guarantee the more secure this system could have. Okay, so let's go diaper into the votes. So what is votes? Votes is basically the basic elements into the smart country. So just like I mentioned before, every validator they have different votes weights. So but each time when they vote for a particular check point, this kind of vote will recall into the smart country. So how does the vote stands for and how does it go? So in our system implementation we will have a vote message. And this vote message will have four parameters. So the first is the epoch target and the hash target and the epoch source and the hash source. So let me give you an example of what does it mean. So each time when the check point is generated, when the new check point is generating, so the validator could see the new check point. So if they want to vote for a particular check point, they need to include its target and its source. So what does target means? It means I want to vote this target check point. So basically its hash is 1A by B and its epoch is equal to. And which is a reference from the source. G stands for genetic block which the hash is H5 in epoch one. So the vote message is kind of like you need to include the target hash and its source hash. And this is also a validate vote message. You can vote from here to here. And here is the source. And this is the target. So here we see there is a curve here. So let me, we call it a super majority link. So what does the super majority link? If we have a check point, which has a target and the source, just like the target and the source. So the validator, if they vote for this check point, and to a more than two-third of the validator vote for this check point, then that means this is a super majority link. Yeah, this is also a super majority link. So we also define, justify a check point. What does that mean? OK, so the first definition, the generalist is always justify and finalize. So here we will say g is justify. So here if the validator votes for this check point, because this is coming from the two-third of the validator, I mean this is coming from the justify check point. So that means if this check point is also have a two-third of the validator votes for, that means that this check point is getting justified. I think the color here should be pink. So why is the finalized check point? OK, so basically the finalized check point is means that if we have a certified check point here, and we could have another justified check point here, and which is the direct child of the previous check point, justified check point, then this check point will get finalized. So this is the definition.  If the check point is one by one, like that. So for the summary, this is the hybrid Casper. So yeah, hopefully we want to have lots of a final check point like this. So every 100 bars, or we call E-park, then the check point will get finalized. So let's talk about the misbehavior. So the thing I talk right now is just a normal situation of how does Casper, I mean how does the validator votes. So let's talk about if the validator could be a big guy, or they could do some bad things, or how do we deal with that. OK, so I mentioned that because the validator, if you want to become a validator, you need to put your deposit. So when you put your deposit, that also means you put your signature and your deposit edges record into a smart contract. So that means we could have each validator's identity. So once they do some misbehavior, then we can slage their deposit. OK, so this is the definition of the accountable safety. So at least one sort of total deposit will be slaged if two conflicting check points are finalized. This is because sometimes, unfortunately, if there are two check points getting finalized, that means each checking point has two-third of voting weight. So that means we need to get one-third of deposit to be slaged. So what we need to avoid is we need to avoid the double votes. It means that the validator could not vote for a different check point in the same epoch. This is an example. Just don't contract yourself with the same round. And another situation we want to avoid is a kind of surround vote. So assume here. So you have already made a vote from here to here. This is a source. This is a target. So how could you make another vote from here to here? Because you have already know this is a justified check point. If you want to make another vote from here to here, you should use this as a source. And this is a target. So this is the illustration to show that once the validator finds another one, make a misbehavior that he can send a misbehavior report into the smart country. And then if this is true, then this validator who do a double vote, its deposit will be slaged.  OK, so this is a possible liveness. Because I'm running out of time, so I will just do a pretty quick finish. So I just want to mention here I do not have a verification because in this afternoon, Yoichi will do the verify casper. If you are interested in his corrections, you can just follow his poke. So I will give you the update of our status. So basically, we will have a smart country which will manage the dynamic of the data set. And also all of the votes will be recorded in each epoch. And we have stage condition inside the smart country. That means each validator, if you find there's someone do some bad thing, then they could be punished. So this is our POC file. And we call Casper FFT country. And we also have a testing language for simulation. And later, we want to have a test net to evaluate the correctness. However, we do not have a particular data to announce that this is done. Because this is all sort of research, ongoing research. So if you are interested in the Casper, you can pick some of the reading from here. And this is our HR team. And most of people are from Taiwan. And Virgil is from Singapore. And this is our team leader, Vitalik. And Xiaowei and Kevin right now, they are doing the sharding. And me and Nicholas and I and Kyle are doing Casper. And Zhuzhan will develop plasma later. And this is our research team picture. And so thanks for listening.


What's up everybody? Jason here for jaspyscasebrakes.com 2021 Gold Rush Premier Football Players dual case break Random teams number two just sold out where it's a total of 12 boxes Remember there is six boxes per case two packs per box one premium card per pack And there's some of the chases that we can potentially get out here So there you go random teams here's the dice where there's a customer names again from Barry down to Alan and Carlos down to the Washington football team roll it To and a five seven times good luck one two Five six seven seven times you got Anthony down to mark Seven times One two three four five Six and seven Seven times seven times we have Minnesota Vikings at the top down to Houston, Texas Bo so and the other Vikings Joe Andreessen with the Browns Danny cats with the cowboys Alameda with the Broncos Brian with the Lions Daniel the Chargers Riley the Bucks Jason with the 49ers Aaron with the Colts Jerry with the Falcons Barry with my Eagles Carl with the Saints and the with the Ravens James with the Panthers Jesse with the Jets Alan Murdoch with the Cardinals count with the Giants Eric with the rounds the next over with the Patriots Victor the Bears Chad B with the Dolphins Peter with the Bills Jerry with the Raiders Eric with the football team trap Tucker with the Chiefs Zach with the Bengals and next over with the Seahawks Melissa with the Jags Steve with the Titan Steve Eric Eric with the Packers Aaron you have the Steelers and Mark with the Houston Texas Yeah, I know it like lights everything up Right, it also got dark in here too because the Sun went down like focused in on our lighting Yeah, what's we're so the reason why we also move this around is because we're getting our ceiling finally put up tonight So tomorrow morning ceilings going up.  We have a ceiling finally so that'll also reflect light everywhere, so it should be a little bit lighter and The main focus is of course that now, you know, we can Have a ceiling on the top so no one can hear other voices and whatnot all the sounds will be gone So that's also the reason why we moved around plus we got rid of that huge ass table. We don't need it. So It's much better now.  Yeah, so like you guys look up there We finally had the brackets up All right, so tomorrow you got to put the drywall And it's done so all right guys Well, I'm assuming trade windows closed then All right guys, so this is a last break for me Sean will be coming in right now at seven o'clock And he will take over for the rest of the night some de-hop rookies. That'd be cool. I first box guys. Good luck Eli Manning one out of five clear shots from Illusion's football. Look at that Big Eli Manning one out of five Eli Manning Giant when a Karen steel That's Tom Brady's kryptonite right there as well as Nick Paul's You have Calvin Ridley 95 2018 leaf draft gold Again Calvin Ridley of course deal with the Atlanta Falcons Next one for the Chargers Melvin Gordon that's a blue refractor mini 95 San Diego Chargers of course now Los Angeles Chargers Janium and a Josh Jacobs for the Raiders Raiders wrote for trade I think the Raiders wrote for trade Jerry with the Raiders 24 to 25 three-color patch because you're not gonna not get Randy Jackson's autograph Mike It's true. I would have done the same thing Wow Steve Young 8 out of 20 prime signatures for the 49ers Jason with that one. At a 20 Justin Jefferson flash of greatness 10 out of 20 That is for the Minnesota Vikings next one Dishon Watson Clemson patch autograph one out of five and Of course, it's the most of the Houston Texans for the meantime at least but Mark Not a D-hub, but a Dishon Watson for you That's the first Dishon Watson autograph. I've seen in a very long time and Danny boy Danny dimes 15 out of 50 absolute blue for the G-men Giants when a Karen We have Doug Flutey for the Bears 1987 tops Authentic autograph and a graded attempt for the Bears Well, we have a randomizer holy Snipey's this is a I think this is a this is a sell sheet. This is not a sell sheet Wow, this is a one of one that's gonna feature Jared Goff Carson Wentz Ezekiel Elliott Corey Coleman Lake one tread or Laquan Treadwell Paxton Lynch Holy shnikes, this would have been so fired like man. Look at the corners on this card. Good Lord That's not part of the design is it? No, that is very chipping right there I'm sorry. Well, that's just the way it came out guys. Of course it's a repack product But there are so many chippings on this corner. Well, good luck. Everybody one of one Game worn as well my Someone used it All right, so we'll do that right at the end. It's a thicker card. I mean, it's just gonna happen Wearing tear for the last five years Some kid probably pulled it. It was like, well, this is so cool. And you're just throwing it around the house probably Cooper cup from select autograph for the Rams two out of five Eric with that one That is not due to the case. That is just it's just 1989 tops traded Deon Sanders PSA town Atlanta Falcons that is going to Jerry. All right, so that'll be the last one there. Now. Let's go with the next case We have autograph swatches 14 out of 15 Aaron Jones for the Packers Green Bay Packers that is going to Eric Give a little DK med cap to the 19 Dono's ready to rookie BGS 9 Seattle that is going to Nick Stover Field General Sam Darnold and I'm pretty sure this is not gonna have a checklist. I've done these in the past actually No group break chat was for this leaf draft. I think these are just inserts for like a blaster boxes and stuff So again, this will be going to of course these Carolina Panthers I'll double check though, but I really doubt that they're gonna have that Leaf they have leaf metal and leaf valiant but not leaf draft All right, so that's gonna go to of course Carolina Panthers team is currently on right now games with that one Christian McCaffrey neon signatures six out of 11 another one for the Panthers a One-of-one Jared Stidham On-field tags one-of-one from from gold standard So the 19 football Jared Stidham for the Patriots going to Nick Stover and Illusionist another one of one. Wow. This box had one of one guys one of one Derek Carr for the Raiders 9510 Go sell this to Vegas Dave.  They say he's too old Still very underrated You still got it You still got it Wow Another one-of-one three back-to-back-to-back triple threats Josh Rosen David Johnson and Christian Kurt Whoo three one-of-ones this time for the card was going to Alan Murdoch. I see what you do there I see what you did and big Ben Rothesburg and that looks like a rookie from Fleer sweet sig at a Stealers Kobe with that 5.9. Doughty had four points Out of 25 dual autograph.   That's our fourth one-of-one Zack Moss in Mac a collection collegiate one-of-one with a pack 12 patch in there Zach Moss's bills Buffalo bills that's going to Peter. There you go Last box guys. Good luck. Oh, did you really? What you looking to get for that deep quarter? I want to get the copet are rainbow Hey that 2016 black gold football. It's the 1617 right? It should have the right year in the front of it like the first first one Philip Rivers Two out of five for this Ford. Sorry for the chargers Danny with that one I know people that are trying to collect the whole rainbow of it deep water, so I'm pretty sure that's a nice hit Won't sell for as much as a McDavid, but it's still something, you know James Winston 95 prism draft a prestige draft picks And that's gonna go to the Tampa Bay Buggineers and Riley and there you go guys So that'll be randomizer there and this will be randomizer here Goff, Wenz, Zeke, Corey Coleman, Will Fuller, Josh Doxon, Lake Wontredo, and Paxton Lynch. I actually met Goff Corey Zeke, Paxton Lynch At the rookie premiere back in 2016. I was hoping Carson Wenz would be there, but actually put like Goff there instead, but Corey Coleman was pretty funny Yeah, deep quarter. I don't know if you have Instagram, but send me a pic of that and let me know if you're interested in selling it You know what it is, Mount Siners Cards. All right, so the first one we'll do it will be the Rams and Giants Are you too, buddy? I'll see you next weekend and I'll be back tomorrow in case you don't pop in, but yeah I'll see you next weekend in Vegas Eagles Cowboys Browns Texans Yeah, send it to the, you can send it to this email, deep quarter football team All right, cool Good luck guys, roll the dice. We got ourselves a six and a two for eight times. Good luck one two three four five six seven and Eighth and final time Going to the Giants six and a two eight times Boom, very nice. There you go. Very nice Giants, Karen Steele And on the 101 Nike swoosh eight times on that as well one two three four five six seven eight Rams, Jared Goff is the winner at the top So Rams that's going to go to Eric. Well Eric, you won this one of one Well, there you go guys, appreciate it everybody. That was uh dual case break number two jossby's case breaks dot com


So I've already created the index.html and I've created a folder which contains all styles.css. The styles.css is already linked to a page in here and we can just start by writing some HTML. Let's start by creating a wrapper and you don't actually have to have a wrapper but most websites do. So let's create a wrapper and then I can actually center this wrapper in the middle of the page and see how the responsive layout will work and then inside the wrapper I'm gonna create an unordered list and inside this unordered list I will create a bunch of cards. So let's name the first list card 1 and then I just want to duplicate this nine more times and in Visual Studio Code I can do this by holding Alt Shift and the Danar and this basically copies the line that we've selected and let's now do this eight more times. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight and now I'm just going to change the numbers. So three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. Let's save this, go to a browser and have a look at what we have. So here are cards and obviously this is not looking good but I will add a little bit of styling to it now. So let's go back to or index.html and we're actually done with this part so let's go to the styles.css now and add some basic styling. The first thing I'm going to do is add a Google font called Roboto which you can find from Google fonts and just include a new project for free. And let's start by adding some styles to a body and the first thing I want to do is change the background color to something that will contrast with white a little bit. So e2, e1, e0 will be kind of grayish color and then I just want to make sure that the font family is set to Roboto and now that we are done with this let's see whether the styles are working and as you can see the background color is now gray so let's go back and continue. The first thing I want to do is actually remove the padding from the unordered list. As you know unordered lists have padding by default so let's remove that so all the items can be centered later. Now we can focus on our wrapper. Let's start by writing class wrapper. For the wrapper I want to give it a maximum width and the maximum width I want to add will be 1366 pixels and you can also do this with m's if you like and the equivalent of 1366 will be somewhere around 85 m's but you don't have to do that it's you can use pixels it's not a problem and to make sure that the wrapper is actually in the middle of the page I want to quickly do that by resetting the margins so margin left can be auto and margin right can be set to auto too so now if I save as you can see the cards have moved and if I was to inspect the page layout you will see that that our wrapper is in the middle of the page but obviously we need to reset the lists, bullet points and so on. So let's continue now because we have max width of 1366 pixels that means that the the wrapper will be taking the maximum width of this number but when you scale it down will will be actually responsive so if I was to scale this down the wrapper will be shrinking with the browser which is what exactly what we want and we don't have to write media queries for this. Let's now okay we could now start with styling the unordered list but just to make this a little bit better to make it a little bit more specific just because we have uh url and it doesn't have a class let's add a class to it and we can give this a class of something like responsive grid I think this is unique enough so let's copy this and what I want to do is actually I want to make this an ordered list uh to be displayed as grid so we can style those cards on the page and let me show you so let's start by writing the responsive grid class name in here and the first thing we need to make sure we do is to display this as a grid and then what we can do with grid is grid allows us to create columns and rows and so on and let me show you what we can do to make to make these lists responsive before we go any further I actually want to give those cards a little bit of style because they're looking they're not looking very good at the moment so what I can do is let's give this url a class name of responsive grid just to be a bit more unique and I will copy this and use it in here and I can just do responsive with a line and then for the list let's change the background color to white let's add a little bit of border radius something like two pixels we'll do we can just do it like a material design card and let's set the height to be roughly 240 pixels and I want to make sure that the content inside is actually displayed in the middle just to make it look better so we can say display flex and we can justify the content in the center then we can align items in the center and also I want to make sure that the font weight is set to both and last but not least let's add some shadow on the cards and I've already prepared one which will be 0.3 pixels 6 pixels rgba and for the rgba will be 0 0 0 0.16 and then we'll have 0 3 pixels 6 pixels rgba and 0 0 0 0.23 and that should give us a very soft drop shadow on the list let's have a look so they all stacked underneath each other in the moment and you can't we can kind of tell them about the shadow you can kind of see the shadow but what I actually want is to create some sort of columns and some sort of columns for the so basically all this will be columns and when I shrink down the browser I want those cards to stack underneath each other and be responsive I will show you so let's go back and what we can do now is we can start styling the url and for this we can just use the responsive grid class and make sure that the url is displayed as grid and then what we have to do is make sure that the grid make sure that we add grid template columns and then here we can do repeat and we can set the repeat to be first of all all to fit sorry all to fill and then we can set min max values actually we can do all to fit and all to fill so we can set min max and then we can for example give it the minimum of 230 pixels which will be roughly around 15 RAM I believe if you wanted to do that and then the maximum width will be set to one fraction of the screen then if I save this actually let me add another property I just wanted to add a little bit of breathing space between them and to do this with grid we can just add grid gap and we can set the grid gap to 2 RAM okay let's go back to the browser and as you can see all cards are looking pretty they have the gap between them and they are they're all stuck in on one row and of course you can make them bigger you can make them smaller and they are kind of working off the wrapper div die did so if I was to make this slightly bigger you will see that they are they're stretching out and if I make it smaller you will see that they're stuck in underneath each other because I've set the minimum width to be uh to be 250 230 pixels and let me also let's refresh back and let me also inspect this and do the responsive toggle so if I was to let's say this is desktop and then we're going to laptop you will see how the cards are now moving down and they're stuck in nicely and usually you'd have to do this with media queries but grid allows you to kind of to do this trick which is kind of cool it makes your website a lot fluid you can make your website fluid with ease and as you can see everything is working super well let me close this quickly so this is kind of the important bit of this tutorial but one thing that I need to mention is that if I go to can I use and if we search for grid if I search for grid you will see that the global usage of grid is now 92.19% supported which is really good but also you have to but also you you have to be aware that grid doesn't work on well on some browser it's not fully supported as you can see here on edge internet explorer 11 10 and so on and if I with internet explorer 11 and 10 you can actually add the ms prefix and you can do some tricks to fix things but again it's not fully supported it's not it's not great so watch out for this and I wanted to show you one more thing before I finish this tutorial and if I was to open our website in this is internet explorer 11 I believe you will see that the cards are not working is the grid is not working which is not good and just to show you this is internet explorer 11 and what we can do here is we can actually use the add supports CSS property to check whether the browser supports grid and then do separate styles let me show you what I mean so let's say if the browser supports grid what we can do is add supports and then all we have to do is display grid and then so if it supports grid maybe we can use those styles for those styles for page save this and if you go to the browser you'll see that everything is working as normal but if it doesn't support grid you will see that those styles no longer work because we've wrapped there in the supports display grid property so now technically I can start writing properties outside this for browsers that do not support grid so okay I hope you found this useful make sure that you subscribe to my channel by clicking the by clicking the red button below I upload weekly tutorial just like this and if you have any questions please comment below if you have any suggestions please let me know as well and I will see you next time thank you very much for watching as always my name is ready and you watch my channel ready the brand