Ooh, scary games, four of them. Number three, always four. We're different, we're new unique, unique New York.  This is the ultimate scary game series on YouTube. No one else does anything quite like this. So here we are again. The games didn't download? All right, first game, here we go. Try to fall asleep, it's made with unity. That's all we need to know. Fun game contains loud noises, flashing lights, disturbing, imagery, be warned.  All right, try to fall asleep. Let's just get right into it, shall we? I like this loading screen. Night one, how many nights are there? Oh no, we might not get through every night. Is this a Five Nights at Freddy's-esque kind of game? All right, start up with a big bang. Okay, so our house was on fire, it exploded, but now we can't sleep because it's so hot, you know? You can't fall asleep with so much hotness going on. We need a fan, night one. Okay, what was, what just happened? Night one, stress, sleep. Oh, hello there. It is a Five Nights at Freddy's kind of thing. Well, nice to meet you, Mr. Herron. My name is A.B. I'm a medical assistant robot. My core function is to give guidance to my patient-supportive presence in case of an emergency. All right. Such as a mental breakdown, psychotic disruption, and so on. I was created by your treatment supervisor, Dr. Rick Norberg himself. Oh, Mr. Herron, I'd like to congratulate you on successfully recovering from your physical damages. Oh, that's why the house exploded. And he didn't lose a limb. How about that? Yes, it's very nice. I like that I didn't lose a limb. We can start to work on your brain damage. Oh, my brain damage. Oh, perfect. Okay. I can turn my head all the way around. Is this part of the damage that happened? I'm an owl now? That's pretty cool. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Oh, wonderful.  All right. All right. Bicycles. Ah. Okay. Oh, yeah, I don't like that. Just increased. If you'll fill it up before 4 a.m., you'll fall asleep. Okay. Yeah. There's a dude outside my window. The point is your hallucinations will increase your stress levels just like that. This level should be kept as low as possible. Okay. You'll go down if you'll keep your eyes open. Also, turning on that lamp will help you to lower the stress. He just ran off. That stresses me out even more. So try not to overheat the lamp and break it. Okay. All right. Oh, yeah. Fall asleep, is that my body? Anybody out there, huh? I have to fill up my sleep meter.  Okay, then. What? What do you mean, okay, then? Oh my God. There was a monkey climbing on my window. Why is that chair rocking? Hey, stop it rocking chair. Oh. Okay, okay, okay. It's gonna fall back asleep.  Nothing. Oh, God. I hated that demon face. I hated it. I hated it all. Are these the things that hide behind my eyelids? Oh, God. Nothing in here. Nothing in here. Oh, don't like that. Don't like that. It's just the raccoons playing on the rooftop. Just the raccoons playing a little tag, you know? Tag, you're it. Tag, you're it, they say. No stress here. We just did a lot of sleep. I, this is spooky. This is hitting me kind of as hard as Five Nights at Freddy's first did. It's a different environment, different kind. Oh no, you're not real. You're not real. You're not real. Big boy trying to sneak in through my window. These are hallucinations. They're not real. Nothing about this is real. Oh, I should just close my eyes and then the crack will be gone, right? Right, that's what should happen. Big demon man coming into my room. Looking at me in my face. Why can't I just sleep forever? Oh, I don't like that. Was that there before all the stuff on the walls? I don't know. I've almost done a lot of sleeping though and it's 1 a.m. So that's good. Imagine having to wake up this much every night. That would be awful. Someone's trying to get into my eyes. See the window's fixed. Either it's a hallucination or some dude just came and fixed the window without me even noticing. Ah, don't worry about him. Don't worry about him at all. Oh yeah, the night is filling up with demons. How much time do I have left? It's still 1 a.m. What if I just sleep for the rest of the time?  My little heart is too weak. I will have cardiac arrest. Oh, that's why. That's why. I can't, okay. We've, hold on. How's the stress go down? Why was I so stressed out? Oh, it was because I saw the demon in my sleep. That's right. That's why. Everything's fine. See the blackness on the walls has gone away. Your room is fine. What is this sound? Why? Oh, I did it. Dreaming, dreaming a little dream of me. Thank you so much. I did it. I made it through the first night. Okay, Kate. I just got into the lab. What? What now? Good. You should check out the power generator. The one that's here at water tower. Is this the dream? There's a lot of good reason for the whole power shortage throughout the facility. Got it. Where will you be at? I'll be at the main power box. I'll check if there are any pride circuits that need to be repaired. This is so cool. Sounds good. If there's something wrong with the generator, I'll try to fix it the best I can. All right, then, good luck. Okay. Is this my dream? What's happening? This is cool. This is really cool. I like this little exit the main lab building and locate the power generator. Okay, so this has got to be the main lab. So, how do I exit? Is it not just going out through the front door? There should be exit down here. Okay. All right, all right. Ah, Jeepers. Oh, it's the devil man. Hello, little devil man. How are you? Please don't pop out at me. No, please don't. There we are. All right, no devil man out here, huh? Where's the power generator? Devil man, do you know where the power generator is? Oh, Satan.  I'm stressed out. My name is Blurryface and I am stressed out. The fuses are gone, of course they are. Find the fuses and put them back in the generator.   Why are people losing fuses so much? God, people should just be carrying around fuses and horror games.  This place is also so big. My flashlight is not that bright. And I hate how when I run, the flashlight goes down. I don't like that. I don't like that at all. What did the fuses look like?  Okay. Hello. Is that a fuse? I think that's a fuse. Please, the exit. Yucky. Yucky, yucky, yucky. Okay, well, one fuse, one out of five. Dude, come on. I don't know. This place is so big, though. Why do I have to find five of them? Why can't this be a fuse? It's so big. Can I go up this? This? Oh, nope. I can go through it, though. Okay. Another fuse. Am I gonna have to run to an exit again? Close the doors. What? The doors aren't closed. What are you talking about? Ah. Ah, okay, good. I closed it. Don't keep opening. Stop it. Stop it. I don't know why that dude's sitting in there rolling around. Oh, God. Oh, God. Oh, God.  I don't like this. It's giving me anxious. It's giving me the anxious. I am so anxiety right now. How many more doors am I gonna have to open? Close. Whatever it is. Exit. Number two, only 12 more. Oh, Peter. Peter, show me where the fuse is, Peter. What happened to Satan? Where'd he go? He like ran over and then he just stopped.  I thought he was gonna clown around with us. Thought maybe he would help us out, help us find some fuse or something. Guess not. Guess he's got more important things to do. I'm saying I have more important things to do.   I better not have to go inside to find these fuses.  Well, guys, looks like we might be going back into our favorite place indoors where I feel safe for sure. Where I for sure feel safe, very safe. Uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, fuse, cool. What am I gonna have to do this time? Follow the light. I'm stressed out. See, remember a stress meter? Sir? Was that a wrestler?  I didn't like... Sir? Sir? Why isn't that stress meter going up? I'm stressed out. Huh? I should have to wear a heartbeat monitor for this. I should get a heartbeat bombometer. I should get a heartbeat thermometer. Take the temperature by heartbeat. This is, oh. I don't like this. It's just like my dreams. It's just like the man that was outside of my window. That's that man. Who that boy? It's about to get loud.  Yep, he's right here. Cool. It's the end. I don't like it. I don't want to look behind me. I can't look behind me. I have to just keep going forward. Just keep swimming. Just like Ellen DeGeneres told us. Just keep swimming. It's like a CSGO parkour map.  Keep going, don't stop, don't stop believing. Oh, whoa. What happens if I do fall? Oh, so I don't have to complete it. Okay. All right, well, I didn't reach the end. Do I get extra bonus points for reaching the end or anything like that? Is there gas leaking out of here? Am I gonna die? Of carbon-cloxide poisoning?   Oh, God. Okay. Oh, hi.  All right, nothing to worry about. Nothing to worry about here, nothing to see. There's nothing. Hey. Only happy thoughts. Only happy thoughts when you poop, guys. Don't have negative thoughts when you poop. That ruins the experience. You don't want to have, it's an old newspaper. No, that's not what I'm, it reads, due to an unfortunate incident on the Pine Tree Island, the family vacation resort is getting closed. The incident involved a vicious murder which took six lives after presumably having a mental breakdown. This, since this incident, the island's ratings have dropped and the lack of customers has led to disclosure. Interestingly, the revival company has shown interest in buying the island, but the future of the island is yet uncertain. Yeah, I didn't really care about that. I cared about this. Okay. All right, well, I have all of the fuses, all of the fiasas. So let's, let's get out a lot and out of here. And we gotta hit the, I forgot that this all started with us just trying to sleep. This is why this dude couldn't sleep. Just, he just stress. He just stressing, dude. And I understand it. Who wouldn't be at a time like this, honestly? Why am I stressed? Oh, it's because I failed them. That's why I'm stressed. I get it. And I will have cardiac arrest. I will have cardio arrests. Okay, the power's back on. Yay. Yeah. Looks like the missing fuses were the only problem after all. It doesn't seem right though. It feels like these fuses were put all over the place by someone. Yeah, by Lucy. Papa Lucy. Let's meet up, get out of here and then we can talk about it, okay? I'll wait for you in the main lobby. All right, the main lobby. All right. I'm on my way. I'm not by me. I'm not by me. Am I still stressed out? No, I don't have a stress meter anymore, okay. So what we do is we go back in here. I have a feeling. Is there a training down here? There's a, oh, there's a CPU overload. Good, hopefully. Kate! Gotta get to Kate. Oh, the gas is leaking out. Maybe she was a hallucination. Oh, huh. Then just, oh, Kate! Sorry. Kate, no! Is it fading? It is fading. Is that night one? Night one of 12? I made it through the night. 7 a.m. waking up in the morning. Gotta be fresh, gotta go downstairs. Oh wait, can I leave my bed though? I made it. I made it through the night. It was all a dream. It was all a dream to be continued in early access. That was cool. I really liked that actually. I liked that a lot. That was a fun time. I enjoyed it. Press tab to exit. I'm pressing it, nothing's happening. Next game, we are going to play a game also made with unity. Is anything not? It's called paralysis, sleep paralysis. Is it called paralysis? I think it's just called paralysis, but it's about sleep paralysis. Spooky. Wow, this game contains a lot of noises and is based on true events. That's played in the dark with headphones. Wow, I am in the dark with headphones. Kind of in the dark. I mean, there's lights on me, but everything else is so dark. Wow, wow. What do you mean this is based off true events? One time I slept and I went, ah, ah, ah, I can't move. Oh, it seems I can only move my eyes. Is this where what happens with your eyes? Your body's kind of funky. Is it? This looks like my bedroom. All right, it's your bedroom. Got a chair, you got a stack. Are those, what are the, oh, little trees. I thought that was just stacks of cash. Am I dreaming? Oh, I hate it. I didn't like that.   It was something, I don't know. Look how that freaked me out more than the other game. There's a computer over there. There's the door. Oh, is this something someone saw in a sleep paralysis?  Oh my God, that's terrible. Oh my God, that's awful. Move, I need to move. But how? I'm moving, oh, I'm moving my eyes. My elbows, my ear balls. I need to get out, how? Move, there we go. I moved, I did the thing.  Did I do it? But was the sleep paralysis real all along? The light, where? This is the fan, but is it also the light? What, I turned the light on. Bring me back my hands.  Was that a dream? Why the heck am I back here? I don't know, it didn't even say heck. I read that, I can't move again.  Come on, the light. Oh, the TV. The TV, what's on the TV? Billy Mays here. Billy, help, I need to get out. You're late night infomercials. They're the only thing I can lean on to in the night.  Wiggle him, get him out of here. Push him off, oh, that's how. Okay, big bear. Yes, no, what? I don't mean to alarm you, but there's something in the corner of your room. The bear, do you see it? Meh. Nope. No, look up. And so many hands. How much do you pay a high five? Surprise. Did you enjoy that? Yeah, sure, good. I have another surprise for you. Where's your friend, Mr. Bear? Oh, Mr. Bear, he in the chair. Okay, bear, okay, I need to get that light now. I can't wait to see you. Okay, bear, okay, bear.  Bear, right there. Now, do I go to the laptop? Oh, no, that was the light, I was right. I was like, oh, maybe I did the fan. I was correct. And I'm back here again? Again. How many more experiences do you have for me, Billy Maze? I can't move, again. No, no, no, no, no. Mm-mm, I don't like it. Oh, the door's opening up. Yeah, yeah. Yucky? Yucky! He's a yucky boy. He's coming in. Three, two, one, fly. Fly to me, do it, I dare you. God, it's so dark. Oh, oh, if I just move. Oh, if I just move, none of it will be real, right? None of it will be real if I just move me hands. Wow, you can literally see like nothing in the recording. Where do I look? The window or the door? The window or the door? I don't know. I don't see you. The door's too dark. Curb your anxiety. Curb your enthusiasm. Come on. Oh, Voldemort, before he was, we finally met. Voldemort, what are you doing, dude?  Oh, now he's crawling on the walls. Vody? Vody, what are you doing? Ah, he's hiding in the east. Come on.  Chicken man, what are you doing? Come on, I guess so. Oh, he's eating me. Oh, Voldy. Oh, Voldy, moldy, moldy. Oh, no. I don't know, I don't know what's happening, guys. Should I just let my anxiety get the best of me or should I defeat it him? I've defeated him. He's not real. He's gone. He's a nightmare. But my door is still open. So that actually happened, huh? The light. Okay, come on, but actually do it this time. Do it. It's finally over, I'm back. Back to my room, back to the womb. I wanna go downstairs. Oh, Voldy will be there, dude. Don't you know Voldy will be there? Or was that the end of the game? Will Voldy not be there? Maybe he's not there. Really mays. Wait, is it really over? I'm not, I'm not, I'm not, I'm not. Oh, it is over, okay. Cool, well that was kind of fun. Time for the third game, cabin. Don't know what it is, but we're starting the show. Is that what? I wonder where I should park. Ooh. Don't wanna venture into. This is cool looking. I'll need some place to put my tent. There's a trail. What's the sign said?  What the heck was that? I'm sorry, the voice acting is just not great. I'm sorry. I like the art style on those. Let's check my tires. It's cool looking. Check your tires? Yeah, no, they're in the snow, question mark. Sand? What season are we in? Where are we? Flat tire? No, my tire's blown. I should get the tires out of my truck and camp for the night. Don't worry about this in the morning. Don't worry about this in the morning. Oh no, my daughter died. Oh God, I am very sad about it. I've got my gear, let's camp for the morning. But maybe I'll find a cabin and maybe I'll have an experience in the cabin. Maybe a scary one. Oh no, where do I go? I need to turn off the truck. Oh, I need to turn off the truck. Okay. I need to turn off the truck, turn off the engine to the truck. Therefore, lights will turn off and I will be in complete darkness. It will be scary, but that's okay. Where do I go now? Where do I camp for the night? I should go to the trail I saw earlier. I should go to the trail I saw earlier. Okay, we will go to the trail that you saw earlier. Here is the trail. Here it is, the sign. A communal cabin. A communal cabin up ahead. Okay. This must be one of those cabins, that hiker's share. Man, let's start out and check it out. This must be one of those cabins, that hiker's share. The communal cab, that is what communal means. Who was that? Is that a shadow? Or am I seeing things? Is that a shadow? Or was it me? I think that's the cabin right there. No, I don't think so. Looks like somebody's inside already. Oh, Richard, are you in there? Knock, knock, knock, Richard. This is our secret hideout. Is anyone there? Man, it's getting colder out here. Man, it is getting colder out here. Someone must be using the cabin. That means that the fire's on. Maybe they left to grab firewood. Okay, but that means that you can't use the cabin. If there's only one thing, and it's like a... I think I should just go inside. No. I'm sure they don't mind since the weather's getting bad. I don't know. I don't know. If I was in a cabin, I mean, I guess it's a communal cabin, but then I showed back up after grabbing firewood and somebody was just sitting there, I'd freak out. I'd be shaking up from the tire blowing out on me. Is this a Susanan drogas? That looks like a little drogas. Over there, the needle. Which one do I want? Dark chocolate or almond? Let's go with the dark chocolate. Put it in your mouth. Oh my God, it tastes so good. That is the most delicious thing I have ever eaten.  That is so good.  If somebody shows up, I will be scared, very scared. Yeah, this person's doing drogas, I think. Or maybe they just have a medical condition. Read notes. What are the notes that this person left? I don't know what it is, but there's some kind of bear out there that is trying to kill me. Please, whoever is reading this, be sure to call for help because I cannot do this alone and I might as well die in here. Just be careful out there. You might come next. Bob? Bob? Wow. Dear Jessica, I'm sorry I haven't been really in touch with you. I have been busy doing the hunt with the deputy for this monster. How are the kids? Tell them daddy says, hey. And they'll be back shortly. Okay, so Jason? Boogieman. Something's outside. Oh, it's the Boogieman. Oh, it's the Boogieman. Why would we open the door? Why would you open the door?   You deserve it. What? What you just, Lud, what the?  There's a lake, river or river? I'm not really controlling this. I don't have any control over the head movements anymore for some reason. I don't know why. It's the bear. The bear got killed by the bogeyman? What? Oh, am I throwing up? Oh, I gotta get out of here.  What is happening? Itch! I don't wanna like make fun of the game or anything because it takes a lot to make a game. I just thought that there was a few things about it that were a little bit silly, one the voice acting. The visuals were actually cool. Like, I liked the, like when they first go into the game, like that shot of the truck was really cool. The monster, a little weird looking. It's just a little odd. It kind of looked like an old scuba person from like the 1800s or whenever scuba stuff was happening. All right, last one here of our four scary games. We are playing Crunch. It is basically Slender, but with Captain Crunch. So I'm very excited. Game of the year? Coming up, game of the year? Score the, scour the island for boxes of Captain Crunch cereal. You may find them inside various landmarks. Crunchy will patrol the island in search of trespassers such as yourself.  Crunchy's pals want in on the fun. Each one is capable of ruining your run. Okay, easy. I want easy. Don't argue with me, all right? I got a lot of money going on this job. Life is hard. We lost our goddamn prized boxes of Captain Crunch cereal. Don't you dare look at those funny, all right? You hear me? Do you even look at them? Don't even open them, okay? Okay.   Blow up your house. Not really. I'll just actually go after me and pay a check because we're kind of low on funds, but grab those boxes. However many there are, there might be more. I don't know.  Oh yeah, I don't let him see you. You might elaborate on who he is. Okay. What? Wait. What?   Find all eight boxes of Captain Crunch cereal. All right. Well, I mean, I think this was on E, I think hard might have been at night. I don't know. Let's find all eight boxes of Captain Crunch cereal. Before somebody comes looking at me, you know? They might come out in the morning and say, hey, why are you here with the Captain Crunch cereal? What'd you do with them? Where are you going with the Captain Crunch cereal? A trip wire. Oh no. How do I, how do I get it? Oh wait. Don't I need to bring him the Captain Crunch? You'll never get in my way. Oh! Scary. Do I just start all over? Man. That's a bummer. Okay, well here's one. That one may be the hardest, hardest one to get guys, because there's the bell there. How do we defeat the bell? You know? How do we defeat the bell? All right, so those other creepy boys, because Captain Crunch is the only one that can kill us apparently. But the other boys may trap us. They may, okay. How do we get through the bells though? It alerts him of our location. So what do we do, you know? We can't just be setting off bells left and right. Okay, got two boxes of Crunch boys. Crunch it ties me, Captain. I'd be on the lookout though. There's a fire over there, okay. Big ol' fire. Another bell. See, that's probably where the Captain Crunch is, but I don't wanna set off a bell, dude. This island is huge. I've never seen an island so big before. Another box, we've got three. Boys, we've got three boxes of Captain Crunch. What? What? Hello? What's your squawking at? Oh! Oh, birds! Oh no, I see Captain Crunch over there. Oh, God, Captain Crunch. Oh, I see him, he's running around in the woods. Oh my God, horrifying. It's simply horrifying. Do you see how horrifying I am? He's so scary. This is so scary. Oh my God. Fuck. Is there even, how do I get down? Oh, okay.  Ugh, Captain, no! Oh no, he's so fast. Oh no, he's going to get me. He's going to get me, there's no way that I can escape. There's no way. He's so quick. He is an Olympic sprinter, this guy. He's, you know, and quick. Why am I actually, I just don't like loud noises and I don't want to be beaten by the loud noise. What? Yeah, he's, he is still very much here. Shook. We just need three more boxes of Captain Crunch. Just three more boxes. Three more boxes, big punch. And you know, I know where they are too. That's the thing, I know where they are. They're in there, over there, where the bell, I guess it was there, the bell just was. Maybe it was over there, I don't know, because the camera's going to be flipped. But it was over there. He's still hot on my tail. He's still hot, guys. I can do this. I can do this. I've got one shot, one opportunity to seize everything I ever wanted. One moment. Am I going to capture it? Or am I going to let it slip? Yo. His palms are sweaty. Knees weak, arm spaghetti. There's vomit on his spaghetti already. Mom spaghetti. He's nervous. Where'd you go, boy? Don't worry about it. Don't worry about it, Captain. Oh, Captain, my Captain. I don't think he got me. Oh, I mean, he obviously didn't get me, but I don't think he knows my location. I think I was too quick. That's the poop room. See, the thing is, there's got to be one in there. But I can't. Never get my boxes of come, get ya some crunchy boy. Did he just say boxes of come? He literally just said you'll never get my boxes of come. All right, one more box. One more box of carp crunch. It's all we need, it's all we need. That will be free. Or how many, how many, is there only eight? You know, maybe we only have to get eight, but maybe there's 12 boxes of carp crunch. We don't know. I don't know nothing about any. All right, final step. I've done it. I've escaped. I thought that I had to get back out. I've done it. You recovered all the cereal, but what made those boxes of carp so special? I think it was made out of kids. I think it was made out of kids. Well, guys, we've done it. We've done it. Leave you with the sweet, sweet outro music. We've done it. We've conquered sleep paralysis. We conquered the cabin. We conquered our good old pal Lucifer Satan man. And we conquered Camden Crunch. We did it, we did it. Uh-huh. What else Ethan? What else you got? Well, I'm gonna leave this video here. Thank you guys so much for watching. Hope you enjoyed it. If you did, make sure to slap that like button right in the face. And I will see you guys in the next video. Love you all. Stay cranky. Bye.


And yeah, the next talk is going to be not really about OSMO-COM. It's rather a niche or related topic, which is really about a bit of radio frequency planning. I'm absolutely not the expert in this. I don't really feel very qualified to talk about it, but still I think for the fundamental concepts, my knowledge is sufficient. Is anyone in this room who is actually doing actual frequency planning for radio networks? You've done it, okay. Because what we see quite a bit in terms of the user base is that, okay, there are some people who manage to download or install or compile or somehow configure and use the OSMO-COM GSM stack or GPRS or whatever it is. But when it comes to actually deploying the network itself, there's a lot of, I mean, these people, they might have Linux's admin skills and so on and so on, but there's often a lack of understanding of some basic radio concepts in order to install that. And interestingly also, it's not, apparently not always easy to find somebody who can help them there, or at least they think so. So I thought I'd introduce some basic concepts. So of course, in radio planning, there are many, many different parts of radio planning. I mean, first of all, there is the question about the path loss and link budget in which I'm focusing here, which basically is making sure that the signal really reaches where it's supposed to reach or evaluating what kind of equipment do I need or to reach a certain destination or the other way around what kind of equipment do I need to reach the destination or how far can I go with my signal. Then of course, there's all kinds of other aspects in real network. There's issues of interference management. There is issues of neighbor cells interfering with other cells. So you have a downtilt of antennas and so on, so you can go on forever. But as I said, I'd really like to look a bit at the basic part of how you handle this. There's going to be a lot of talk about DBMs and DBI's and what's and so on. So these are basically the units of measurements that we use. And what we focus on right now in this talk is something called path loss. And path loss is basically, as the name sort of implies, the amount of loss that you signal encounters along the path between point A and B somewhere. So your point A might be at your base transceiver station output. So at the coaxial connector back here is, let's say, point A. And then there is maybe some cabling. There is an antenna. There is the actual radio link. There is another antenna that receives it, which is built into this phone, for example. There's no cabling inside the phone. But then anyway, the phone at some point receives the signal. And the overall loss between the transmitter output and the receiver input is the path loss that we encounter. And GSM operates in frequency duplex. So the uplink and downlink frequencies operate in different parts of the frequency spectrum. They also behave slightly different because even though it's only several tens of megahertz, already the propagation can be different. Between those two, so actually you have uplink path loss, which is the path loss from your phone to the network, and you have downlink path loss from the network down to the phone. And they also need to be considered separately because the sensitivity of your receiver in the phone is different than the sensitivity of your receiver in a base station. What does sensitivity mean? Sensitivity means the amount of signal required in the receiver to still be able to decode the signal properly. So typically a base station, since it's a professional grade equipment, has a much higher sensitivity than the phone, which is a consumer grade equipment manufactured at much lower cost in lower power margins in terms of electrical power consumption and so on. So you have to look at that separately because the different sensitivity and also the transmit power of the device is different in the both directions. So let's see. So the most simple path loss to look at is the so-called free space path loss, and that basically is path loss in outer space in a vacuum, where there's nothing in between, there's no particles, there's no water molecules that sort of attenuate the signal and so on. So there's basically nothing in between, no buildings, no nothing. That's free space path loss. So free space path loss is relatively easy to compute, but it's also not very useful because unless you do, I don't know, I'm not sure whether it's useful if you do communication with the Voyager probe or something like that, but at least in terms of GSM communication with OsmoCom, I don't think free space path loss is terribly important. So what do we do? We need to somehow estimate the path loss in a given real-world situation and as many different approaches how you can do this, if you go to operators today that do real network planning, they, of course, they have this specialized industry that produces software tools for the coverage analysis and they use really high-detailed 3D geometric data of the buildings and of the terrain of the land and then even maybe today using ray tracing methodologies or basically they actually like ray tracing, you know that maybe from rendering. It used to be popular some decades ago as a method of rendering graphics and basically you are tracing the path of a simulated light source and I mean a radio source is nothing else. It's a source of electromagnetic waves. So you basically try to compute as many waves possible and see where they get reflected and where they get attenuated and so on and then you have some realistic estimates. But most people who build networks with OsmoCom don't have access to such technologies. So basically we have to go back some decades and use the more simple rules of thumb that are available and I'm getting to this very shortly. So, but generally what kind of things impact our path loss? Well, there is the height of the antennas both on the receiver and the transmitter side. There is whether it's line of sight or non-line of sight operation. Line of sight of course is much easier than non-line of sight like here. Reception is very bad in the basement of course. There's no line of sight to any base station. Well, this one, yeah, but not out there. So that's why you should install Osmo BTS based devices everywhere. The geography terrain of the region, do you have hills? Do you have mountains out of which material maybe even to some extent? Also the vegetation, particularly the foliage, the leaves because they contain water. Even the attenuation is different if you're in a forest or you have signal traverses of forest, whether it's winter or summer at least in non-equatorial regions where you actually have seasons and in winter there are no leaves on the tree. The attenuation is different than in spring or summer when you have lots of leaves. Then of course any type of construction and the type of materials used in that construction, height of buildings, distance, the frequency band most importantly which is why frequency bands in lower spectrum like 850 MHz, 900 MHz, GSM are much more valuable than the 1800 or 19 MHz bands because the signal propagation in the lower frequencies is of course much better. All these factors determine the actual attenuation of the radio wave but then we also have another aspect which I'm not going to go into a lot of detail here which is called the multi-path fading which happens because there's multiple paths that a wave travels between sender and receiver so you have reflections like let's say between the room and here there's a direct signal propagation there's one that bounces on the left wall then goes to the right and goes back there and so on. Basically the receiver doesn't receive one wave but it receives an infinite number of waves over an infinite number of propagation paths that get reflected and the reflections mean that the distance is longer and therefore there is a time shift between the individual wave fronts when they are received in the receiver and that really is causing an effect called multi-path fading and typically in those simple models you just add a couple of dB more margin in your equation to cover for that loss that additional loss that the multi-path propagation does. So over the decades people have done all kinds of models as I said there is expensive proprietary tools but I mean we have some general rules of thumb that we can use as some models let me actually make that slightly smaller so we can fit it on one slide hopefully like this. So there's a couple of different models that the ITU developed for radio planning specifically in the GSM bands. This was the early days of GSM when they didn't have the 3D ray tracing tools and there is basically a terrain model there is a one woodland terminal model I like that word so the idea is that basically one terminal normally the phone is inside a forest and the antenna is outside of the forest either by height or because it's actually literally outside the area covered by the forest so you have the base station antenna in the open space and the terminal inside the forest and that's the one woodland terminal model. So and you have these by types so you have a terrain model that just tries to cover the terrain, the geography you have the rural foliage model which tries to estimate the losses you have in terms of trees and vegetation and you have multiple city models divided in urban, sub-urban, open and so on and not all of the models exist for all the frequency bands so you have to be careful there you cannot use all of the models in all frequency bands and then you have in the city you see you have all these Okumura Hata and other modified models such as the cost 231 Hata model and then there's also a Valfish Ikegami model they have always named after the inventors of those models people who came up with and they're actually very simple how do you come up with such models? Well basically you take lots of measurements and then you try to find an equation find a relationship a mathematical relation and put a formula that sort of reflects the observations that you have seen so this is not a deterministic model but it's just based on observation and trying to model the real world observations so there's some references about the path loss models you can find it in the slides and also there is a chapter in the Osmo GSM manuals which contains all this and more text associated with it I put it in there so I think it's not really rendered into any of the manuals yet but all the text is there and I'm still wondering where to actually put it or whether it's yet another manual okay so if you look at the RF power in the wires link we have the signal strength in dBm that's decibels for milliwatt in the transmit side here on the y-axis and on the x-axis we have the distance so our transmitter transmits some signal into a cable that's the cable that feeds your antenna and the signal sort of effectively gets weaker as it passes along the cable because cable has a lot of loss then you have an antenna and the antenna has a gain so basically instantaneously in this model your signal gets much stronger and then it gets emitted with something called the EIRP the effective isotropic radiated power and that's also again a hypothetical idea of how much better your signal is than the idealized isotropic radiator that doesn't exist in reality and then over the actual air interface you have the loss of the signal along this curve and then again you have a receiver antenna which has some gain so again instantaneously your signal gets better you again have cable losses well in most mobile phones you don't but just for the sake of illustration let's assume you have a car mounted phone with a cable between the antenna and the phone and then you at some point you have a certain received signal length signal power and this year the dashed line is your sensitivity of the receiver so as long as your signal is on average significantly higher than the receiver sensitivity your signal propagation is successful as soon as you go below this Rx sensitivity you have signal loss at that point and in order to ensure that it stays mostly above the sensitivity you have something called a margin you add that margin when you design the system in a way that you say well I make sure that my signal is always stronger than that margin so whatever may happen maybe there is rain or some additional factor that causes more attenuation or the multipath fading so I have some reserve in my budget which brings us to the link budget and the link budget now uses the path loss to compute or to basically see what put in all the factors and see what do we need actually so we have these antenna gains we also have other parts like duplexes splitters maybe some additional power amplifiers low noise amplifiers and so on and we put this together and the simplified link budget equation in the end is basically the received power equals the transmitted power plus all the gains that we have in terms of antenna gain or amplifier gain so we are expected by all the losses that we have in terms of cable losses or propagation losses over the radio interface and if we add all this up put this into illustration here so let's say we have a base station that transmits at plus 20 dBm we have a bit of cable that has 2 dB losses we have an antenna that has 10 dBi gain 14 dB attenuation over that path whatever we will get to computing this also that's basically the result of your path model so you use the model like your urban or sub urban or whatever model and it will tell you over 5 km you have such and such amount of dB you put that in here and then again you have some antenna gain cable loss and then you have the actual power assuming that let's say we have a receiver quite good receiver like you find it in good base stations of minus 109 dBm sensitivity here and we have a phone on this side that transmits at 20 dBm like if we actually try to resolve this so we have plus 20 minus 2 so we are at 18 then we have 10 we are 28 then we subtract the minus 114 what is it? 86? we have another 10 dB here so we are at 76 so minus 86 minus 2 so at minus 74 anyway we are much higher than our received sensitivity here so in this particular example it would work my math might be wrong but in any ways I have a numeric spreadsheet for that actually I wrote a numeric plugin for that so we will get to that so what do we have here still? this slide so if we look at the uplink we have the mobile station, the antenna, the path, the BTS antenna this assumes that we have a duplex head, the receiver and at some point we have a BTS that is outside of the slide but I can assure you it is a BTS now how much power does the phone transmit? the typical transmit power level of all the phones from the late 90s till today in GSM looks like this if you go for really early phones you can still find 8W capable phones but these are not hand held units this is a suit case type of GSM phones the portable phones you can still find with higher transmit power but this is basically it so on 900MHz for 850MHz most of the phones do 33 dBm which is 2 watts, some only do 30 and on the oh sorry this is the other band on the 1890MHz most of the phones only do 1W and on Edge it's even much less so this is the E2 power class for the low band and for the high band has even much lower transmit power so this basically explains why the coverage radius for Edge is smaller than the coverage radius for GPRS not only is there a more complex modulation where you have higher probability of some bits being detected wrong but also you have much lower transmit power to begin with so your signal is much weaker so that's why the most robust communication is in the low frequency bands so you have better signal propagation and stronger signals by phones that can transmit more power and if you look at the more modern standards like UMTS and LTE it's much less so the transmit power of the devices becomes less and less as the radio standards evolve to some extent it's because the receivers are getting better but to some other extent it also means you just need many more cells to cover your area than in original GSM networks where you had really really large cells they also had very aggressive the newer standards also have very very aggressive changes in the energy to bit ratio and that helps yeah it's correct okay in the downlink it's pretty much the same we have the BTS and the BTS transmit power of course depends on the BTS model and hardware that I use and maybe I use an external power amplifier and so on and so on I have a fix me on my slide because there was a fix me in the original document that I made the slides from most likely so in this case in this direction what I spoke about is the transmit power on the mobile station but what scrolled out of this due to the zoom is that what's the sensitivity of my mobile phone in the other direction of the BTS in the other direction this is mobile station to BTS so the spec for 3GPP specification for GSM says it must be at least minus 104 dBm on the BTS side in reality it's more 108, 109 maybe even a bit more that sort of what you get from modern BTS equipment on the other end and in the reverse direction when the BTS transmits you check the beta sheet of your BTS and the receiver on the mobile station must be according to the spec must be at least minus 102 dBm older phones are also in that direction but modern phones actually are much better so sometimes you see phones that are as good as base stations now in terms of received sensitivity because of the advances in technology in general but if you want to be on the safe side assume that minus 102 dBm is the sensitivity of the phone so yeah that's the minimum yeah it's the minimum sensitivity a sense that a phone can always have better sensitivity so go down to minus 108 dBm or something like that but it is a phone that would only have minus 100 dBm would not be 3VV compliant they probably still exist of course but it's not compliant at least at least for example in Europe you wouldn't be able to declare it CE compliant if you cared about the regulation so now what can we do in terms of optimizing the link budget that we have so the link budget basically is the difference between what we transmit and what we receive and the margin we have in there and if we determine that well we want to we want to have a coverage area of let's say 5 km from there to here and we run all those figures we use one of these models which I will get back to let's make a spreadsheet or something and then we see the signal arriving at the phone is minus 120 but the phone has a sensitivity of minus 102 so there's like 18 dB difference so it's not possible to make it so what kind of options do we have well in the downlink we can always add a bigger power amplifier if we have the electrical power available and the cost of the power amplifier and the radiated thermal energy and so on it's not a problem we can increase the power amplifier and if you look at classic old BTS hardware you can find BTS's that have 40 or 60 watts of transmit power which is like okay did they want to roast chicken so but yes you can do that there are reasons for that because they have long cables and basically two thirds are lost in the cable before it hits the antenna and so on but anyway you can have bigger power transmit but the problem is of course the uplink direction in the reverse I mean you don't want to carry around a large power amplifier with your phone and some batteries and that's not realistic and brain cancer so so yeah you can of course try to reduce cable losses this is a very important factor that many people who have not really looked at this are not aware of is how much you lost in cabling so particularly in classic BTS setups where you basically have a high tower you know very high tower and all the BTS equipment is basically on ground level and then you have lots and lots and lots of cables like 50 meters cable or something like that and then of course over those 50 meter cables you lose pretty much all of your signal and that's not very useful so always try to get your BTS as close as possible to the antenna because then you avoid these losses in the signal increasing the height of the antenna also always almost always helps I mean certainly not beyond a certain point but that's one of the factors in all the signal propagation models is the height of the transmitter antenna and the higher you get the more likely it is irrespective of terrain or buildings that you can get closer to or into a line of sight situation as opposed to a non-line of sight situation okay yeah there's some other stuff that I'm not going to go through this is just also from this paper about like coaxial cables and coaxial connectors and what you should do and you shouldn't do and what duplexes are and how you can power amplifiers in the link and so on and so on going to skip all of that and rather I'm going to just quickly open this spreadsheet that I made just two two aspects of that the path loss models that we had originally the different ones that the hilly terrain the one terminal woodland model and all these funny models it's not very easy at least I don't know how to put this in a normal spreadsheet just by entering formula I don't know I don't think it's possible at least not with the kind of spreadsheet programs I am familiar with so what I did I wrote a numeric plugin which you can basically do in python so you don't need to compile and link it against the specific numeric version that you have so numeric is a spreadsheet to begin with program and so there's a numeric plugin that I have published in a git repository where which you can load in your numeric and then I have a spreadsheet that uses that numeric module to basically execute all these different models to estimate the signal propagation loss and then in there I also have the different like different antenna types and so on so let's just have a look at that very quickly we'll need a minute or so to open it so this is too small to read most likely now I have to figure out how to zoom in numeric I don't think I did that really much before let's try with 200% 200% actually let me change that slightly like this so basically there is a start slide where we say what's the transmitter power in downlink and uplink the frequency and so on and it computes various other values so let's say the uplink here now for 2 watts which equals 33dbm so that's already computed from the 2 watt that you input there this is the actual transmit frequency on uplink then we assume we have about 2db body loss that's your human body because you have a hand and a head and so on next to the antenna we have no duplexer inside the phone I mean none that is added external to the phone let's say we don't have cable and so on so we end up transmitting about 31dbm on the receiver side let's say we have no antenna gain minus 108db sensitivity and so on so we end up with a total system game of 138db and then from that system gain we reduce some factors like the fading loss the indoor penetration well indoor was not used here and then we have some margin we subtract and we say well the total path loss is 100 or the total link budget is 130.5db in this example now this is all the details but if you use that to compute this let's say for a this is for a 2 watt base station again apparently I have to zoom for each sheet separately so this is a 2 watt BTS assuming a 25 meter antenna height and then it computes all the basically we have different columns uplink downlink for no antenna gain a 2db antenna gain 5db antenna gain 7 9db 11db antenna gain and if we look at the estimated coverage that it computes the font is too large that's why the first line well this is the free space path loss which is not interesting anyway so the free space path loss would say well you know you get 38 kilometers in downlink in high-end kilometers in uplink and it's like yeah okay but then if we look at these the different propagation models then we get more realistic figures here right so this is without any gain at the antenna we can see that the the sorry what was that the downlink is first so we can see that the downlink in a large city would be 750 meters and the uplink would be 1.2 kilometers so we can see that the link is not but is not balanced in in in downlink we only get 750 meter but in uplink we get 1.2 kilometers which means we are constrained by the downlink so we should add more power or more gain to the downlink so we balance the link that because we need both way communication and this propagates down here so even if we use a relatively good antenna with with 11db gain we still have 1.5 kilometer in downlink so it's still not balanced we need more power on the transmit side to get to the maximum range in in a large city so if we go for the sorry for the one terminal woodland I think this is the second line here so 2.9 versus 4.5 kilometers with one terminal in the woodland and if we go to a 10 watt bts we will see with these figures that I put in there of course it will not apply to all but still it should give you some educated guess where was the zoom so if we look at this for 10 watts the same computation still 25 meter height of the antenna mast on the bts 1.5 meter height of the phone like sort of the level of the phone when you make a call above ground and if we again look at the 11 dbi antenna here at the end then we see it's almost equal according to theory so in that case we see that about 10 watt seems to be a good transmit power to balance the link assuming a receiver on the phone hand side that only performs as good as the spec requires it to right this is the minus 102 ebm and basically the all this difference that we see here that we because the phone still transmits the 2 watt but the bts transmit the 10 watt that's only due to the fact that we assume the bts receiver is so much better than the the phone receiver or to a large extent at least and if the phone is much better than this of course doesn't work anymore but you don't know how old or how good the phone is so if you want to be on the safe side you can make the only the assumption that it's as good as the spec requires it to be okay so that's basically some short intro into this to to get some some educated guess I mean this is not more than educated guess you can get from these kind of simple models but at least it is something to start with if you if you want to deploy a base station somewhere questions yeah can you find the values for the phones something like under fcc where they need to publish the tests it's a good question I don't think I have looked for this in terms of specific phones on and I don't really think it's something well is it something that needs to be tested as part of the fcc approval I don't even know that whether it's mandatory for a phone to to do the receive sensitivity testing I cannot really tell it would be interesting I could think it is the case but I don't know check the fcc database and see if you see receive sensitivity indication for phones normally I mean most consumer phones you don't get real data sheets that really sucks but if you look at data modules like gsm modems actually from a lot of manufacturers you can get the data sheets and they have I've seen from several manufacturers actual sensitivity figures on there so there it's more likely that you get some hard data on the real technical parameters as opposed to consumer phones okay yeah we need the mic but it's still off I just wanted to know if there's kind of like an error all the values are kind of very absolute seems very precise but the conditions are kind of static I just want to know if kind of like if it's raining some storm if kind of this error if you have kind of a percentage how the value can change well you put always some db of margin for these kind of things additional margin normally so let's say for the here on the on the first slide I had basically all the parameters are described so for shadow fading we have here a margin of 7.5 db and that's computed again by some other values and if you want for indoor penetration I think you put another 3db or something like that I'm not the expert on this but you can check and there are some books on radio planning and so on and if you want to do these kind of this is all full of errors everywhere as I said it's an estimated guess but I mean there are also some like standard values to put in there but rain is not that big an issue I mean we're not talking about the massive amount of difference here not at the frequencies that we are transmitting because it's more of an issue with Wi-Fi for example because 2.4 GHz is the resonant frequency of clusters of water molecules or something like that and which is why you use it in a microwave often right but the frequencies don't water for example is not particular it's not a resonant frequency or something like that 3db I just a quick comment because this is great it's really important stuff I think and not just with cellular but also FM broadcast or whatever during years without having any specialized test equipment wandering around like trying to figure things out in a very non-scientific way so just a quick comment due to the work again of the osmo community the RTL-SDR you can plug that into an android device and basically for quite cheaply get yourself a little spectrum analyzer that will give you figures which is a lot better than maybe wandering around and your coverage area counting bars on the telephone and saying ok I have signal here I don't have signal there this thing will actually give you some numbers if you can standardize your antenna in some way so that you have a reference point then you can map if you have an installation you can actually map it to some extent and see what you're actually getting in the real world in your installation area I'm not sure whether RTL-SDR is really such an improvement there sure the signal bars is not that strong but if you have a monitor mode that gives you the dbm reading or on android there are apps which give you the raw value of course a phone is not a measurement device so the tolerances that are permitted by the specification for these kind of indications I think it's also plus minus 3 dB so it's massive compared to an actual measurement device but still I think it's not really bad to use phones for doing coverage testing the bars is a very rough granularity but if you can get to the actual receive level I think it's still good sorry you don't have that mic I just had a general question about the F2P requirement sorry I think it's not on the LED should be off the top LED, the mute okay got it positioning of the FCCs that receive sensitivity or performance in general is not tested so that goes beyond that that also covers interference from adjacent bands is one example where they also do not test that at all either so came up earlier I suppose this is for the phone side for the base station it's probably part of the testing or also not I do not know about the I guess it was probably the same case actually where that would fall under the manufacturer's test for their performance reasons in Europe the receiver performance is part of the CE but the filings are not public so basically you need to as a manufacturer you need to actually you don't need to file it in the first place you self certify and you have all the documents and if a regulator ever inquires then you have to provide the documents but the receiver performance is a key part of the regulation so because they basically want to achieve efficient use of the spectrum that's the regulatory goal and it's just mandating let's say it out of band or something like that is insufficient and that's why there's the strong receiver requirements but yeah no public information I can provide one comment on the handset side the reasoning there is to say the manufacturer can make a phone as cheaply and as performing as possible and if the user wants to buy it then they should be allowed to buy that product the FCC testing assumes the market has the utmost incentive to like pursue performance however it works so you're right on that the only numbers that they care about have to do with RF exposure which is kind of related to all this but also quite separate that's the stuff that gets reported on I think okay yeah then we're already behind schedule again we have to switch to the next topic which is the afternoon break


Hey, you! Yeah, you! Are you a noob? A noob for K-pop? Well then, this video is for you. Ha ha ha ha ha, movie order. Wow, this ain't One Piece, but I ain't going to leave you in One Piece after your mind has been blown away by this amazing world of K-pop for noobs. Yes, this will help you get into K-pop. I got them bobs lined up for you, bro. I have made a 69 song playlist for you over on Spotify. There's a link to it down below. And I also made a music video playlist on YouTube as well. Well, I guess that's all I need to say for the video. You got the music, thanks. So, bye! What's happening? It's, it's, it's so beautiful!  God damn, bro! I feel like this is the perfect place to start. Do you want timeless, limitless art? Something mind-blowing? Something that will shatter your thoughts on K-pop and bring you into a whole world? Then DPR is for you. DPR Ian, DPR Live, and DPR Cream. DPR is one of the perfect starts to K-pop. Not because of the music, but because of their music videos. Their music videos are the Mona Lisa of K-pop. The editing, the colouring, the cinematography, the directing. Just everything about their music videos. Scream art! I'm bad. I wonder where they're so afraid of. I legitimately think that their music videos are a good enough reason as to why you should listen to their songs. And this is only their music videos. Their music is just as good, or even better! I'm always in awe for how immaculate these art of songs. Also, there's quite a lot of English in their songs, so it could be a perfect start for you to just warm up to what K-pop is kind of like. And yeah, this is the main reason as to why I made the video playlist for you. You should definitely watch this playlist during your free time, not for the music, but for how amazing K-pop music videos can be. Now, I don't know who to talk about next, because I just talked about one of my f- Oh god! Oh no, please! Please don't get me addicted again. I've spent too much money on the skins. It's just music. Oh yeah, baby! This is another great intro to K-pop. It's just hype! It's fu- There are some wee parts of K-pop scattered throughout these League of Legends music videos, and that's just fantastic! So many people have gotten into K-pop because of these League of Legends music videos, especially the ones from KDA and True Damage. It gave people a good glimpse as to how cool the rapping and the singing of K-pop can really be, plus these songs are hype as fu- There's a reason why they have this many views. Oh yeah, and the mixture of languages is another reason as to why I like their music. I don't know how they managed to make it flow so effortlessly, but they did, and it's so great. These songs are fantastic hype songs. They will give you the energy you need when you are fading down. No doubt about it. I'm just glad I'm not back in the- FUCK! Would anyone be down if I streamed some Apex Legends and some other games? My intense moments would be with these glasses on and nobody gaming and I'd be like, Oh yeah! But generally, I'll stream and we'll just have a great time because that sounds good. Shit, I've recorded for 10 minutes! And I got so much- oh my god! Well then, I guess it's time to warm you up a bit more. After this segment, you'll be getting moved from a noob to a rookie. Are you ready? Okay, day six. If you like bands, you will like day six. From their catchy, hard-hitting, beautifully lyrical songs, you will find yourself going through an endless loop of all of their music. Their music videos are just as fascinating to watch. We either have anime openings or beautiful stories for the music videos. It's just a great time when you listen to day six. Now, hear me out. Dreamcatcher, an electronic rock, genre, k-pop, and girl band. Yes, this is everything that you want. They don't play the instruments, but the songs are just that amazing.  Like, I highly recommend you to listen to them. Now it's time for you to get a bit of my own taste of music. This will only be a few songs, but there are a lot of songs in this playlist that have not been mentioned in this video that will just be a blast for you, okay? So let's do this. I've loved I've. One of the biggest releases this year, and there's a reason as to why. This song absolutely snaps. Like, bruh! Do you see this? Like, this group only has two music videos, and they are one of the biggest groups in Korea right now. They are releasing great music that you just have to listen to. And that's why they are on this list. Their potential is insane, and I can't wait to see their future releases. P1 harmony, doom-de-doom, repeat, repeat, repeat. That's actually with every song from this group. But I'm just going to be talking about this song because it is their latest release, and it is absolutely amazing to listen to. Plus the music video is just really fun to watch. But yes, if you like this song, then you have to listen to basically every song from them because they're just fascinating to listen to. BTS, coffee. B-b-b-b-but BTS have bad music!  They actually have some amazing music, and I want to recommend one of my favorite songs from them, coffee. This song actually shows a different side of BTS that you don't hear that much anymore, which sucks, because they nailed this type of music, and I just wish they had more of it. This song reminds me of like a marshmallow melting or something like that. It is just so relaxing to listen to. It's great. Shiny Atlantis. Oh my god! This song is just a yes! If it proposed to me, I would be saying yes to the song. Dang right, I said that. Shiny releases amazing music, and they will continue to do so. There's just something about the song that just lightens up your mood and makes you feel better. It's also got such a cool meaning behind it, which is talking about how their love is as deep as Atlantis, and that's just wholesome as fuck. Plus the vocals of Shiny are some of the best. Holy moly, they got great vocals. Blackpink Whistle. I've been struggling to find out how to describe this song. It's remember-rememberable. I'm still struggling at saying that. Fascinating. Mind boggling. I don't know what to say. It's just this song will be a great experience for you. This song is different to what you have ever heard, and it's just, I highly recommend it. IU Through the Night. Now if you love slow, relaxing songs that just put you at ease, then this song is for you. Or maybe just IU in general. IU is the nation's sweetheart. And the nation's little sister. The people of South Korea gave her those titles. That is how big she is in South Korea. Her music always tops the charts because of how beautiful her voice is, and it shines through and through the night. Now I wish I could continue to recommend more songs, but that's what my playlist is for. I have also made a music video playlist for you on YouTube, so you can watch that if you want to have a visually pleasing time with K-pop. But now it's time for me to get ready to dive into Vocaloid. I am about to be the noob, and you will be my master. But yeah, that's all for this video. Hopefully you guys enjoyed. If you did, then show some support by leaving a like and comment down below your favorite song from this list or what artists you want to listen to. And also share this with your friends because if you want them to get into K-pop, then... Yeah, I'm the guy. Sweat. But yeah, other than that, peace.


Hi and welcome to the session. Let us discuss the following question. The question says the sum of first three terms of a GP is 39 by 10 and their product is 1. Find the common ratio and the terms. Let's now begin with the solution. Let be the first terms of the GP. In the question it is given that sum of these terms is 39 by 10. So a by r plus a plus a r is equal to 39 by 10. Right. Now it is also given in the question that their product is 1. So this means a by r into a into a r is equal to 1. Now this implies a cube is equal to 1 and this implies a is equal to 1. By substituting a as 1 in this equation we get 1 by r plus 1 plus r is equal to 39 by 10. Now this implies 1 plus r plus r square by r is equal to 39 by 10 and this implies 10 plus 10 r plus 10 r square is equal to 39 r and this implies 10 r square minus 29 r plus 10 is equal to 0 and this implies 10 r square minus 25 r minus 4 r plus 10 is equal to 0 and this implies 5 r into 2 r minus 5 minus 2 into 2 r minus 5 is equal to 0 0 and this implies 5 r minus 2 into 2 r minus 5 is equal to 0 and this implies r is equal to 2 by 5 or r is equal to 5 by 2. r is equal to 2 by 5 then the terms of GPR by 2, 1 and 2 by 5 and when equal to 5 by 2 then the terms of GPR are required common ratio that is r is equal to 5 by 2 or 2 by 5 r is equal to 5 by 2 then the terms r this is our required answer so this completes the session bye and take care


Hey, welcome back everyone. Today we're going to be doing an unboxing and review of the Luminary Nendroid. I just got this from Tokyo Otaka mode. It is the first Nendroid figure for the Dragon Quest series. They just made this one and it's pretty cool. So yeah, I ordered this as soon as I could. I pre-ordered it. So let's just open this up and take a look at it. So as you can see we have the Tokyo Otaka mode little folder there. And of course is the packaging. This is what the folder looks like. It has just the information in it. It's very nice. And yeah, so we're going to take out this paper that uses padding. I'm going to get this out. Okay, and there's the Luminary Nendroid. And it has a bunch of bubble wrap around it. Alright, so we'll set that down and put this aside. Okay, so now that we got that out of the way, let's see. This is the Luminary Nendroid. And we're going to need to get this out of the bubble wrap first. So I'm going to make a quick cut here. Take that off so we can get a good look at the box. There it is. This is the box for the Luminary Nendroid. And you can see them pretty clearly through the window there. It says the Luminary Nendroid number 1285. That's how many figures they've made so far. It's quite a bit. So yeah, it looks nice. Now I have a few of these other Nendroids too besides this, but yeah, this one is definitely a nice one to have. And this is the side of the box, as you can see. We have the back of the box and the other side. It doesn't look too different. So yeah, the Luminary. It's interesting that they use the North American localized name for this product. They didn't call them a Yusha or anything, even though it's a Japanese figure. So as we can see here is a close-up pin of the box side and we'll be doing the back as well. So this is what the side looks like up close. There's a lot of pictures of them in different poses. And here's the back. All right, so we're going to have to get this thing open, I guess. So let's turn this around. You can tell it's authentic based on the sticker seal up here. There's a holographic sticker that tells you that it's not a bootleg. And also if the circle seal on the back is round, that's also an indicator that's authentic. Now we're going to be cutting this seal very carefully. Don't want to mess up the box, of course, because this is a collector's item, even though we're taking it out to look at. So very carefully and looks like that wasn't enough. So I'm going to very slowly push the sides open. Actually, we'll cut it open a little more. Okay. So very slowly pull this aside and try to get this out. If you do it too quickly, you might accidentally dent the box. Don't want to do that. All right, it's almost open. Okay, so we have the box open now. And it's just a matter of taking it out. So we're going to take a look at what's inside the box. So we'll just open this flap here and there he is.  His stand is stuck to the box. It looks like it might be taped on there. I don't know why they did that. It's okay, I'll try to get him out. Let's just... Yes, it's a little bit of a complication, but it should be fine. It's taped to the inside of the plastic and it's taped to the inside of the box, looks like. Let's put that back in and pull it out like this. There we go. Yeah, it's stuck in there. All right, I'll just take it off, unpeel that. Okay, looks like it came out all right. No damage to the box. And yeah, so we got everything out safely. Let's put that to the side. You can take a look. There's the luminaries, the dragon quest symbol on the inside, the Ramya symbol on the inside of the box. It's all blue on the inside. Looks very cool. And yeah, there's not much more else to it. So there's some instructions in there as well, but we got that out as well. So I'll put that off to the side. Okay, so these are the instructions right here. It has all the real instructions, just more like part list tells you how to take off his face plates and how to use his accessories, things like that. There's different languages.  We're not going to take it. We're not going to take too long on this. So I'll put that off to the side. And all right, so here is the luminary and all of his accessories. He comes in a lot of accessories in one faceplate. Comes with two swords, sheath, even extra leg and a shield. So we're going to take this off. Okay, put that off to the side. And there's the luminaries wrapped in plastic. Just take that off. I usually keep these, you know, you don't want to throw them out all the time because you might want to put them away in the box one day. So yeah, I'll just set them off to the side and we'll take everything out of the box before we take a closer look at everything. So first we're going to, I'm just gonna unload everything. So we have his first faceplate. He's got like this sideways view. Yeah. All right, we have next is the leg. This is an extra leg, I guess for an action pose. Put that off to the side. Next is the wave, the slash effect. It's pretty heavy actually. It feels all right. We'll look at everything a little bit closer soon. So there's a shield, put that off the side. We've got a sword here. Just gonna get that out. It's pretty stuck in there, but okay, there we go. Sword of light. The cobblestone sword and his sword sheath first back. That off to the side and we've got his little slime buddy here. We're gonna try to get him out.  Peel that off slowly and we can get the slime out. There we go. Then there is slime. Okay, so we've got everything out. That should be everything.  Just we're gonna look at each piece first before we get into it.  It looks very nice, very detailed actually. It looks a lot like his in-game model even though it's a chibi figure. I'm actually impressed with this. This looks nice. Next we have his torso with his arms and this is well sculpted as well. This is luminary's torso and he's got that sash for his sword.  This is another piece that you got to put over his legs and the next piece is his legs of course with the back the coattails and he's got a lot of articulation in the legs and they spin they sort of have a lot of they have a lot of motion they even have a bend like a bend in the knee kind of you know. All right the next thing is the sword sheath it has a peg hole in the back for putting into the luminary's back and of course these handle pops out. The handle pops out I guess you might need it for a pose where you're not holding the sword or he is holding the sword you can alternate and we've got another joint neck joint I guess this is like a spare neck joint in case she loses yours or if you break it or something for his neck and this is the cobblestone sword. This is the full sword that he would be holding in his hand and you may be wondering does the sword fit into the sheath. Well let's try it out it doesn't actually fit in it's it's just for show that sheath and you can't actually you can't stick the sword into it so that's uh it's not disappointing but it's uh just something to keep in mind and the next item is that slash effect that you use with the sword and this looks very detailed it's very clear it's like transparent at the end and it feels very nice actually it's very smooth so the second sword that we have is sort of light and it's very detailed it looks a lot like the game model it's a lot better than I expected from a ninja right honestly it looks really nice and then after that we have the shield the shield of verdric or the earth one shield and it has a little ball joint handle and that looks good too so the the second face play we have is a sort of smug looking sideways viewing face and you're gonna want to use that with the luminaries body you can swap it out just to give a different expression essentially so yeah they I always like it when they add a second face face plate to the figure you know and this this one definitely looks nice it looks like the luminary it has this face his eyebrows and it just looks like him a lot so that's a nice nice face plate now the next thing is the leg now the leg is for action poses I guess it's not something I would really use a lot but it's there for people who want to pose in different actions sort of sequence the sequence poses after that we have this slime body and this actually feels very nice it feels very thick unlike the bring arts figures slime and just take a closer look at it it looks really nice like he's got the little smile and the shading is really nice it's the darker at the top and it's lighter at the bottom and I just like the slime overall it's a it's a nice little slime that good smile made so yeah don't have any problems with this at all and yeah like he's not hollow it's pretty thick plastic it's pretty solid feeling so yeah the next item is the stand the peg hole stand thing for the first back essentially you'll plug it into the stand and the other part will plug into his back so that he could stand up because he's not he's very top heavy so he won't be able to stand up on his own no matter how much you try so we have here is the luminaries extra arms and extra hand pieces this is very necessary if you want to pose him holding the sword in different kinds of poses because he doesn't have articulation in the elbows you got to swap out his arms and you got the stand there and a little more pieces that came with the stand just extended so here's the luminaries serious face and we're gonna put the put an endure together so we're gonna get all the pieces and we're gonna assemble him even though he was assembled before so what we have here is a face plate skirt part the legs there's sword sheets and I'll show you all how how to put it together so the first things first you want to get that head in there so it's a bit of a tight fit you're gonna really want to shimmy it in there and don't force it but it'll it it'll fit in well so right try to pop it in there and there now no event all right this should be it and there you go you heard the pop so with that we are now onto the legs you're gonna want to take the the front of the coach and put it over the leg with the peg hole going through there we just put that on like that and it's that easy so there we go there's there's his body all put together and that's the ninja luminary it's a very nice looking ninja it's one of the best ninjords I've seen it's definitely uh one worth getting so and of course as you can see he doesn't stand up on his own he's not gonna stand up on his own he's got a giant head it's not gonna work out so he's got the second face plate as well uh we'll see a look at that in a second first I'm gonna show you the sword sheath so as I told you before it has a peg hole in the back and basically what you're gonna want to do with this is you're going to want to you're gonna want to use the actual stand itself to plug the peg hole into his back and keep it secured you actually need you need to do that you need to he needs to be on the stand in order to be using in order to be using the sheath of the sword so I'll show you how to do that in a second so yeah so it's it's kind of hard to position a sword like this on his back especially since his head is so big but it does work at a certain angle it's not going to be directly up because his head will be in the way but you can you can get it in there and it'll look fine so as you can see got it in there with the peg hole and obviously you're gonna want to use a stand now so that's how it looks that's how it should look at least so this part of it goes into his back it keeps the sword nice and snug and of course you have a lot of articulation with the stand and we're gonna plug that in to the stand of course and uh no you don't plug it in there you plug in the other side actually because the other side has the holes uh yeah so we plug it into here and you can plug it into any part of the stand you want well there he is so he's standing on his own kind of and he looks very nice look at that sculpt he looks just like a miniature version of the luminaire all the back and all the bell buckles and the straps and everything it just looks so good so I'm just gonna show you a 360 view of him standing up on his own now the thing about his arm is that the arm doesn't have a lot of articulation so you're gonna need to use different kind of arm pieces to make different poses like his arm stretching outwards you're gonna need to get another shoulder piece for that and these things pop out and you can mix and match the arm shoulder and hand pieces so for example this arm I'm holding in my hand is one that you use if his arm is outstretched and holding a sword like like slashing a sword kind of this one that he's already got plugged in that's that's for having his arm downwards this one on the other hand as you can see is has his hand outwards like this so you can hold be holding a sword you know and like I said you can mix and match and them like like this so if you want you know different kinds of combinations like his arm downwards with open hand you can swap the hand or you want a slight bend in the arm you could do that too and we're going to put in his sword of light in his hand and see how that looks so just as soon as I get that in there it looks like you can hold it pretty well it's a it's a good fit it's not to bring arts to bring ours was a little bit rougher with the sword so there's the luminary holding his sword of light and he looks really good with it now this is the luminary with weapon course and like I said there's different ways to pose them but this is just a very basic pose just to show you what it looks like yeah so like I said there's different kinds of arms I'll show you another arm how it looks so I'm gonna pop that shoulder part out and show you a more bent looking arm just as much as I can get that out there okay so this is a bent looking kind of a bent arm with an open hand to hold the sword if you want a different type of pose I can only get in there okay there we go and that's how it looks like so there is what his sword fell out it's fine and you can even put his arm back like this for like a grabbing the sword from his she's kind of pose there's that much variety you have but yeah it is a good looking figure overall and I do like the arms that came with it I appreciate it a lot so you can make a cool pose like this with the wave with the slash see that's how the outstretched arm would look like with his uh his slash coming in front of sword it looks very it's pretty heavy too so uh be careful because this thing I'll add a little bit of weight to your sword in my pop out so the way you put it in is you actually slide the sword into the wave and yeah that's how you do it as you can see there's like a wave for it to be secured and it just slides in and out like that but yeah this is uh it's a little extra I kind of just like him holding the sword so here is another arm that I mixed and matched there as you can see there's different kinds of shoulders and different kinds of arms and different kinds of hands so if I want a different hand I can just pop that out and uh take that closed fist and use that in his arm make an outstretched fist or I can make something else you know you could pop out a lot of different pieces there's always different arms and hands and he even has his luminary symbol on it oh that's uh that's about it really but I want to show you one more thing I want to show you how to swap his faceplate now his faceplate to do that you need to pop out his hair first the front of his hair and then you just get the faceplate out like that it's very easy comes out very easily and the next faceplate goes in just just as easy it doesn't click or anything it just slides right in and then after you get that in you just want to put the hair back on and he looks totally fine looks natural he's got that that smug grin on his face a little bit a little bit of smile yeah it looks good so there it is the luminary nendoroid it looks very good it's a very fun figure to have I'm actually very happy with this I was a little bit cheaper than the bring arts and I think it's overall a better figure to have it's definitely good for dragon quest 11 fans to own I absolutely do recommend this figure it's not you know it's not too crazy the price or anything like that and it has a lot of different accessories and a lot of different different arms different faceplates and even a different leg if you want to try that but yeah it's a good figure don't have any complaints honestly I had some complaints about the bring arts but this one not not so much I think it's it's did a decent job on this one so here he is next to some other luminary figures he's next to the luminary bring arts and the luminary amiibo he's about he's a little bit taller than the amiibo and he's about three quarters of the way up the bring arts figure and he's a lot better than the bring arts if you ask me the bring arts I was a little bit disappointed by because of its high price point and you know the lack of lack of a lot of accessories he only had well like he didn't have any faceplates or anything it was just kind of a very basic action figure for a very high price well the nendoroid is a lot more modestly priced and I think it actually looks a lot better it's more detailed and it just feels higher quality the amiibo is alright too but you know you're getting what you pay for the amiibo is like what 15 bucks it's a decent figure but out of these three I do think that the nendoroid is probably the best and probably the one you should go with if you want to have some sort of riding quest 11 luminary figure the nendoroid is the best of the bunch it just looks so good it looks very iconic and it's just a very cool thing to have in your desk you know but they're all nice but the nendoroid definitely the best so yeah I hope you guys enjoy this little review of the luminary nendoroid figure with all the accessories in the slime it's absolutely a very cool figure I like it a lot I don't think it was a waste of money I think I thought it was very good for the value you're getting and I would definitely recommend this so yeah I hope you guys enjoyed it and I'll see you guys next time


I've just been asked a great question in a live stream and that is how do you build a stellar portfolio as a UIUX designer? So I'm going to put four minutes on the time I so I can give you a no BS answer, so let's go. So when you're applying for a junior role as a UIUX designer you need a portfolio and within your portfolio there should be three to five case studies. So it's not just good enough having one, you need at least three and this is so you can stand out when you're applying for jobs because a lot of people are going to be applying they're not going to have very much experience so they're applying for a junior role and they're probably going to have one or two projects so you need more than them and then within each case study so a case study if you don't know it's essentially kind of like a story of what you've been doing so it explains the project from start to finish it's kind of like it's just essentially a mini story so you start off with research so you show all the different tasks that you've done along the way so first off you explain what the project is what your role is what different software you used on the program they should be within the first the way I lay it out is different screens and then export them as JPEGs and put them in a Behance portfolio so then you want to talk about your research that you do so you want to include personas you want to include user interviews and surveys and then at the end of that you want to summarize what you actually learned from them so that's normally three different things that you want to have on the app so these could be three different points you want to add or it could be three different features that you want to improve upon so that's your research and then you want to take that into an ideation stage and that's where you get these ideas and then you play around with some things like sketching, low fidelity wire framing it's really good to have photos of you actually sketching and doing the work this it doesn't matter icon draw so it doesn't need to be great it's more about ideation and then show different versions of it don't just show the final sketch show the ones that didn't work so much this is good because it shows problem-solving as you're going through so show them then show your wireframes and then take this dent up into a high fidelity prototype which you're there in figment this is where things look a bit more realistic maybe explain to them the process that you have through so explained maybe you tested your wireframes with your friends and family it's really good to show that you're thinking about the users throughout this process and then once you've got your your prototype you want to show some screen grubs of maybe of it on your phone maybe you test them with people because it doesn't just end there we want to show improvements in our case study because that's what it's all about it from a higher amount just point of view it's about understanding if you can adapt and you can improve your work it's not just like a one thing and done so you want to use a test and move in it you also want to touch upon accessibility so there are some plugins within figment maybe you want to show some color contrast to show that it works for people who are colorblind and then at the end of it you want to show some handover documents so maybe go into figs with new prototype mode so the handover take a few screen shots of the HTML and CSS within that and then that kind of is the process and you want to repeat that two to three times during the interview you're probably gonna talk about this for around 45 minutes you probably spend a large time on just one of them but then it's really good to show that you have a formula when you approach a project because what are the questions you will get asked in an interview is please tell me about your UX process so if you can explain the process that you went through and show that they're consistent within these three projects then you're gonna have a really good chance of standing out the other thing that the hiring manager is going to ask you is show me some obstacles that you overcome during the process and this is where you can go within each case study and you can show improvements from before and after testing that's very very important remember your portfolio doesn't need to be great it just needs to be a Behance portfolio doesn't need to be your own fancy website spend time doing loads of coding it needs to be very very standard because the information involved in it is the most important. Three to five case studies there we go 10 seconds left let me know what you think in the comments


Last year with Christmas we contacted the university because we couldn't ignore our thought that there perhaps would be a student who was home alone with Christmas so that we could have Christmas together. The response was that it was a very nice thought so someone from the university made the contact with George. It means a whole lot to leave your family and travel to a far away place. You don't see your mother, you don't see your siblings, you don't see your fiancé so it was lonely. It was so so lonely. We had several meetings. We couldn't expect that our invitation would lead to a friendship.  They made me to know so much about the Netherlands. I got to taste the stamp on it. Am I pronouncing it right? I saw the wooden shoes and I said let me try it on. I wore it and then I make a picture. We had a very wonderful town. George is very modest. He's very helpful. He likes to speak with everyone about his study, about the news, about his country. I explained a lot about my country to him and he too also explained a lot about his country to me and he took interest in knowing more about Liberia. I believe that it is very worthwhile for all these foreign students and all these alumni to get a contact with each other. You get a much more broader view. The university motorists understand in society so to understand society you have to know how people in different places live their life. We know that because our contact became a warm friendship it will stay when he has finished his studies at the Tilburg University. It made me to feel so much at home. It made me to know the right good people all over the world.


The Association of Master Bakers and Catras of Nigeria has directed its members nationwide to increase the prices of bread, biscuits and other items by 30% due to the economic situation of the country. The association explained that the adjustment in price was as a result of the sudden increase in the cost of production as well as prices of sugar, butter, yeast and flour. The directive was part of the resolution reached at the end of the National Executive Council meeting of the association. The group urged the federal government to intervene and revert the high tariff regime imposed by the National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control NAVDAC and streamline regulation by allowing only NAVDAC to regulate bakers.


In a quest to foster peace and unity among the different religious groups, Heimbaki Community, in collaboration with Global Peace Foundation Nigeria, has organized a cultural carnival festival in Kaduna State. The aim is to strengthen a peaceful cordial relationship between different people as one big family for sustainable development. Plus, TV correspondent Habila Durufai found this report presented from our studios. Over the years, Heimbaki is one of the communities in Kaduna North Local Government Area that enjoy relative peace, harmonious relationship irrespective of cultural and religious ethnicity, living as one in the community. This did do engaging youth, women and members of society, organizing cultural dance and various sporting activities, among other things, to promote peace and unity in the state. Speaking at the event, the country's director, Global Peace Foundation, Joseph John Ayab says there is need to give room for stakeholders to come together and have peace without sentiments. Sometimes there are things around us that we can solve them, but we are waiting for government and government is busy attending to other things. Heimbaki will continue to be peaceful. And not only Heimbaki but Kaduna State will be peaceful. I want to appeal to you that never take the law into your hands. If you see anything happening here, report to the appropriate authority. But when you start burning houses, start destroying each other's property, you are only wasting your time. He appealed to religious leaders to speak to their congregants on the need for unity and understanding and also encourage the people of Heimbaki to be a good example of a peaceful coexistence. Kaduna has been in the news for so many bad reasons. We want to begin to see good news coming out of Kaduna. And Heimbaki is bringing out good news from Kaduna. Also, the youth leader, Yusuf Tanko, who organized the program, described it as a huge success and called on the youth to be a good ambassador of peace in their respective locales. We have already started seeing good things in Heimbaki between both the Muslims and Christians because if we watch the march from the starting to the end, I think we spend about one month, at least any person that came and watched the marches, he will know that we have peace in Heimbaki. Actually, it's a good initiative. Thank you community, both Muslims and Christians and people from different tribes have come together to organize this event, which is very unique and there's a need for other communities to copy from them. Some of the participants expressed their delight in the event. According to the people of Heimbaki, everyone from Heimbaki should be an example to the other communities because Muslims and Christians in Heimbaki are living together as one family under God, reaching the peace that we need in our country. If every day, if Muslims see Christian, he feel his prayer. He's moving together, but he's given this program peace in community. The high point of the event was the presentation of trophy and medals to winners of football competitions. Heimbaki News Update