Here we are again Another live video the narcissist sees you as their robot They just see you as someone Who exists to fulfill a task or action?  Someone who trusts themselves Someone who is confident and that is why they have to break you down They have to get you to doubt yourself They have to make you think there's something wrong with you because that's how they're going to control you They control you by targeting your weaknesses exploiting them exaggerating them and Minimizing your success making you think that you're no good without them Making you think that you can't make it on your own and the truth is They needed you more than you ever needed them Which is why they felt so compelled to try and turn you into a robot in the first place People typically have no interest in controlling something That has no value if something is valuable you want to monitor it You might get it insured Because that's valuable to you It's important a narcissist think the same way when they know that something is valuable They want to keep it under control They don't want to lose it and you establish your escape from realizing Your own separate thoughts Your own separate ideas And valuing them realizing that they are important That they are meaningful Even if the narcissist doesn't value them Because that's really how you protect and preserve yourself in these in these situations It's by validating yourself realizing your worth Because despite what the narcissist has led you to believe You are worth something and you're worth far more to them Than they ever were to you all you've got to do is just look back and think about What did they ever do for you and what did you do for them? Most of the time you will find You did far more for them And they ever did for you, which is why they are the ones who are trying to control you They wanted you to be their robot They're also deeply envious and jealous of you They want to control the thing That they are envious of And if they can't do that, they'll just try to destroy it Because it reflects something back to them When you feel a certain way about yourself When you have something that they want They don't really care how it pertains to you It's more about what it reflects back to them And the lack or deficiency of that quality or attribute In them Because remember These individuals are self-absorbed They don't really have any interest in anyone but themselves So it's always about how it pertains to them When they target someone When they're trying to exploit you When they're trying to make you their robot It's all about what it's going to do for them But they don't have the tools They don't have the qualities They're not even qualified to be with you in the first place They can't build you up They create the illusion of building you up By reflecting something back to you in the beginning By mirroring you But over time They can only mirror you for so long Because they know the longer they do that at some point You're going to catch on, you're going to realize it's not real So The mirroring can only last for a short amount of time And that's when you see the real person underneath the mask Who's just breaking you down Destroying you And it's not always that they're intentionally trying to destroy you It's often just neglect Because they haven't got the tools They haven't got the qualities to even Be around you So naturally By you being around them And giving them all of your love All of your time, energy and money You're giving away your life source Everything that is meant to replenish you And that's what really drains you in the end But in the beginning they create the illusion They act like they have something to give to you But it's really just mirroring They're just reflecting back to you who you are And you want to believe that there's something great You want to believe that they're about that Because that's what you're about See you're real And they know that They're attracted to that They want to be around it But it's no good for them in the long run Because all it really does is reflect back to them How fake they are And no matter how real you may be They have to try and point out some real imagined flow in you Because otherwise It just leaves them looking like the problem They have to try and make it seem like you're fake You're not really who you said you were You don't really possess the qualities That you led them to believe that you did Or so they think Because that's how they have to think Everything they do Is designed to feed the ego They are very worldly people Their lives revolve around indulging in worldly activities Rather than the bigger picture The grand scheme of things Because everything they do is based on their emotions It's all about making themselves feel better Even if it's just for a moment And that's where they need you to be their robot Because you're like this constant source of supply to them Whenever they need praise or compliments Whenever they need money Whenever they need an emotional punching bag You're there for that There's so much more to life than that That is not living They want you to think That's all you deserve They want you to think that's your purpose in life For a reason Because that's how they're going to be able to control you But there is so much more The problem with narcissists Is they haven't realised the abundance of life And the reason for that is because They're always looking for it on the outside And it does exist Even though all they find is scarcity They think there's never enough But all that never enough on the outside really is It's just a reflection of them feeling Like they're never enough on the inside But when you go within And you feel abundant within yourself Opportunities open up to you You start to realise that there is so much more to life Rather than limiting yourself To just one purpose that the narcissist has assigned to you Something even during the love bombing is only mildly satisfying anyway Because it's so limited to Their perspective or one thing that they're reflecting back to you When you get involved with a narcissist It's like they place these walls around you They condense you to something so small and insignificant Something that doesn't even matter in the grand scheme of things Being their supply Being their support Mindless Mean and less superficial things That doesn't even matter at the end of it They make these videos And I hope that they free you From the shackles that the narcissist has placed on you How they limited your world view Your perspective They condense everything And they make it seem so small When it's not It's huge And there's so much of it For everyone We live in a very grand abundant world And I'm not limiting this to superficial things There is so much more out there People who will understand you People who value what really matters in life Because you've got to look at it like Why would someone value superficial things Over love and connection in the first place And of course the reason for that Is because in their childhood That's what they were taught They were praised for those things growing up Rather than what really matters And that's why they live such shallow lives That's why they're never happy Because they're chasing after things That are so insignificant There's so much more to life You need to develop depth When you've been around a narcissist long enough You too can become shallow You may only value superficial things It's contagious When you see someone Flaunting their new watch Flaunting their new car It makes you think Maybe that is all that matters Maybe that is everything But it's not That's nothing It's such a minimal thing In the grand scheme of life At the end of the day We're just floating on a little rock Surrounded by many other rocks Surrounded by many other rocks In one tiny galaxy Of trillions and trillions of galaxies In one universe Which could possibly be one Of an infinite number of universes And yet you have these narcissists Walking around on this floating rock Thinking they're the shit Thinking they're so much better than what they actually are When, if only they knew The really grand things of all Are far greater than they could ever comprehend And that is a connection To something so much greater All of these things You can't take them with you None of this stuff Has any relevance or significance After we die It means nothing And that's why you can't take it with you Because if it was so valuable If it was really important You would be taking that with you When you die But you don't And yet It's what these narcissists hold on to so strongly Because It's all they've got When it comes down to it These are the most valuable things they possess And when they possess so little They're gonna hold on to it for dear life You might see someone With a really old car And to you it might not look so great Maybe it's covered in dents and rust And if that person Crash that car Maybe they'd be very upset If you bumped into that car Maybe they'd be very angry at you But to them That's their livelihood That's their life And you should look at that the same way with these narcissists No matter what it is that they've got It's very important to them Because it's all they've got And that's why they hold on to it so strongly More than love and connection That's why you can't reach them Because they're never going to let it go Because they know That's all they have And if they let that go They've got nothing That's why you can't get through to them And that's why they target you And try to make you their robot Desperate people do desperate things Don't be the narcissist robot Life is too short for that Focus on what really matters in life Love and connection And that doesn't mean that you have to go out there And start dating other people Love and connection starts with yourself Get to know yourself Love yourself Detach from the physical world And focus on your inner world I promise you It will change your life You'll realize what life is all about We are so much more than what the narcissist has led us to believe So much more than our physical bodies And that's why Although many of you You may be involved with Very attractive people People who look great People who look after themselves People who have money And yet you're on here Watching my videos Because that's what really matters Is the inside Our soul Our heart And that is something you will never Find in a narcissist No matter how much money they have No matter how great they may look What does it matter If they can't even see you As a real separate human being They just see you as an object You're just a robot You're just an extension of them They can't even see you You don't exist in their world Just like they can't exist in yours They have to pull you into their world There's only one world that really exists And it's none of this The only world that really exists Is inside of you Everything you see Is just a reflection of yourself So tune into that world Tune into yourself And watch your reality change Thank you all for joining me On another live video I'm very grateful to have you here with me Please give the video a thumbs up if you enjoyed it Share your thoughts in the comment section Check out the website if you haven't seen it yet It's www.narksurvivor.uk You can book coaching sessions on there You can read the blog post There's a few new ones every week And you can also join the support forum as well And also I do have an Instagram It's www.narksurvivor.uk I upload quotes of narcissistic abuse all the time And I also have pictures and videos Of my recent travels So definitely check out the Instagram It's www.narksurvivor.uk Thank you all for joining this live And you all have a good day


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, good evening everybody. Welcome to another edition of the AccessToTrader.com nightly update show. Hope everybody is doing well. Hope everybody had a good trading day. If you are brand new to the channel, guys, thank you very much. The only thing we ask is if you like the content, just click a like. Click a like. It'll take you one second. Click a like, share, subscribe to the channel, come aboard. The broadcast goes out usually Monday through Wednesday and on the weekend. Again, if you are a loyal viewer and you're on the fence about PIVOTES and you want to give it a try, click the link below in the comments. There is a 30-day test drive of the PS60 Theory and the PIVOTES. Again, it's a very alternative way of looking at the market. It is pretty cool and all it takes is 30 days to figure out if it is for you. Let's talk about it. Yesterday, we had the major earnings releases last night.  Pretty decent numbers all across the board. As we talked about in last night's video, apparently the run-up in those stocks were kind of a let's see. We got a little tired. Let's take some profit-taking. Again, they had every right to take a little bit of profit-taking just because of the massive run-ups. The key level that we talked about last night on the Qs was that 423 level. That 423 level got violated very, very quickly pre-market. As you see where the market closed, we got a pretty aggressive move down. NASDAQ down about a little less than 2% on the day. The other big news today obviously is the FOMC decision on rates to come to no surprise, they left rates unchanged. Their target, according to Jay Powell in his Q&A, is a 2% inflation target. They don't see enough data right now that make it feasible to make another, well, not another, but a rate cut in the next meeting. The bulls didn't like that at all. Today was a really, really aggressive day. We were pretty much shorting balances into supply in the first half of the day. Then just after 2 o'clock, I wanted no part of the FOMC decision. I left without doing anything in the afternoon. Usually I don't train in the afternoon anyway. The morning was pretty good. We'll get to the pivots in a second. There was really no reason to run into the eye of the hurricane if you could avoid it. But the market didn't like the news. If you look at from the 2 o'clock channel, and you can see here right around the 2 o'clock when his conference call ended, had a little bit of juice. Then we just really sold off aggressively into the close. The names that were weak were the catalysts that were taking us down from last night. Microsoft, especially Microsoft and Google, got really, really hit and pretty close below a lot of levels. Now, here's the key going into tomorrow. So far, we have not seen a day to wash out in 2024. As we talked about in the last several days, once the five-day moving average gets lost, there usually is an aggressive move. The five-day got lost. We obviously see that. We obviously talked about the numerous times, despite the rabbit bull market in the last year, actually 13 months now, there's been violent pulls. Now, here's the question. Can the bears get a day to, right? It's not that I want to or don't want to see it one way or another. My preference is that I would like to see a second-day washout. And the only reason why is after a while, guys, and we've been talking about this video on video, it's harder to find value as the days get bigger, as the parabolic moves become stronger, and people are just chasing every single level. Keep this in mind, right? A name like NVIDIA had a run-up. It didn't just have a run-up from 505 to 613. It had a run-up from the 460s, right? 460s to 505. From 460s to 505 in four days, that's kind of a big deal. From 460s to almost 640 in a matter of a month, that really is a big deal. I think we could all agree, no matter how big of a bull you are, that distribution rest is important. It's important for an athlete. It's important for just general everyday health to just get enough sleep and exercise, and sometimes the market needs to rest as well. And if you look at the charts, you'll notice pretty much a couple of things. Either stocks closed at the 10-day moving average, because they already lost the 5, they lost at the 10-day moving average, or in some cases are approaching the 20. And here's my point, right? Here are the keys. So the keys lost the 5, they lost the 10, they're approaching the 20-day, right? That's not a good thing. That's not a good thing because, again, if it loses the 20-day, we're going to start making a bigger move into this rising support here, which eventually becomes the 50-day moving average. When you look at names, for example, like, well, let's look at Google, for example. Again, we had a nice rejection on Google today. You know, Google today lost everything, right? It lost the 5, you know, on the earnings, the 5, the 10, the 20, right? It lost the 200-day EMA. Now we're getting close to the 50-day moving average, right? Look at NVIDIA. NVIDIA today lost the 5-day, but hell, the 10. This could be a really big value play if there is a day two. I don't think there is a more aggressive stock right now on the global macro scale that is more than NVIDIA. So if the aggressive run-up was 240 points, well, if it loses it again, we're just getting mentally ready in case it happens. I don't know if it happens, right? Just because every single time that we've seen stocks close at support, the next day they just literally woke up, right? Woke up and started running again. But my point is if they do lose the 10-day, if NVIDIA does lose the 10-day moving average, guys, there's room all the way down back to 575. That's a nice trade, right? That's a really, really big move. So the value trader in me, right? The value trader in me is saying, yes, I would love to see a small gap up in the market. I would love to see these stocks get rejected at supply. And I would love to see these stocks finally lose a range today, because there's a lot more value to the downside tomorrow than there is to the upside. The upside is just tomorrow, well, there's a bounce. But your safety net on a bounce is today's lows. So if NVIDIA gaps up tomorrow 9, 10 points, I'm just using a number. I'm just randomly literally using a number. I don't think it's going to happen, right? But if it gaps up 9, 10 points, what are you going to turn around and go, well, I'm going to use a 10-point stop? Listen, if you trade three shares, God bless. Some of us don't trade three shares, right? Some of us don't. So it's very, very important to have balance in the market. When the market is a bit tired and sellers get tired, well, what happens? The market starts to rally. Again, this was the case going back into October. The sellers just finally got tired and the market started rallying and reclaimed a 50-day moving average. At some point, if the buyers get tired or they're a little apprehensive, whatever the case may be, and they start saying, well, maybe let's see what happens next, maybe the bear can seize control of a second day and if NVIDIA loses the 10-day moving average, then yes, there's a lot of value tomorrow to the downside. Same thing, for example, let me give you guys some ideas for tomorrow. But same thing, for example, on a trade like Softy, right? Microsoft. Microsoft, there was a big move today. It lost the 5, lost the 10. Now, if Microsoft starts losing today's channel tomorrow, then you have room to 93 back tonight. Again, it's not as big as a move as a potential in the NVIDIA, but again, the value is there for the downside tomorrow. Again, whether we have it or not is your guess as good as mine, but at least the value is absolutely there. And then you look at names, for example, like Tesla, right? Tesla today closed right at the 5-day moving average. A little bit of news came out after the close. Apparently, Tesla is expanding its battery capacity in sparks in Nevada, the new facility for cells for mega packs, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. Whether that's going to get the stock going or not, I have no idea. The stock is up about a buck after the close. We'll see if this news gets sold. I don't know if this news is so significant that it's going to cause a panic rally, but again, we don't know. But I am watching the bottom of this channel here on the 5-day moving average. If it starts losing the 5-day, just the way we talked about the queues losing the 5-day, well, we know what happens when you lose the 5-day. Well, we're going to go back to the next support. The problem is the next support on Tesla is all the way down here, which is its earnings low. So there's definitely a lot of good value going into tomorrow. If you go through the Nasdaq 100, again, I trade primarily high beta mega cap stocks. I really don't care about anything else in the market.  And I think there you can get a lot of value if we get that day to watch. So far, 2024 has not given us the day to watch. And you can see it here just off the charts, right? Look at the last couple of times we closed into weakness. Here we closed into weakness. Next day we gapped up. Here we closed into weakness. Next gig gapped up. So this is the first close into weakness. Now let's see if there is a day two. After the close, Qualcomm came out with earnings. The initial pop was sold. The initial pop was sold. Initially, it popped about $5, $6. And then, well, then it got sold. Despite a pretty decent quarter, the initial pop-up on the semiconductors were positive. And now they're starting to come back in, come back down to earth. But the key today was basically an appetizer to tomorrow's main course. Tomorrow's main course, guys, we have Apple, right? We have Apple. They cut their iPhone sales. Tomorrow we have Meta that's been on an absolutely phenomenal run, which, by the way, again, if it does lose its five-day moving average, well, this is the 10-day moving average tomorrow. Again, this is one of those names ahead of its earnings. Maybe we could get a trade to the downside as well. We have Meta tomorrow. You have Apple tomorrow. And you have Amazon. You use Amazon. I use Amazon. If something is not being delivered at least three times to my house, it could be a toilet paper, for God's sake. I don't know, right? Something's wrong in the universe. So, Amazon, Apple, and Meta tomorrow for the main course to end the week. If tomorrow is going to be anything like today, boy, oh, boy, today was incredibly aggressive, guys. The first part of the morning, we were shorting into supply. We were shorting into supply. As you can imagine, there's not going to be a million setups when you're shorting into supply. It's just a reactionary trade, literally stocks that are coming off the bottom channels into supply and they start coming in. So, Google. Google, we actually shorted. I shorted Google in the 4290s and then it lost its natural pivot 4270. Google got hit. Google got hit despite pretty decent earnings. It got hit. And here's the 60-minute supply. Here's what I want to show you. So, here's the 60-minute supply. You see this whole area here? Oops, hold on. Wrong one. There you go. I knew it looked a little weird. So, here's the 60-minute supply. Here's the 60-minute supply. It got hit right at the top of the channel and clear fade. Again, that's where we talk about understanding and knowing your supply zone. So, beautiful fade on Google, traded down into the 140s and it closed at the low of the day. Again, beautiful move. I'm still watching this thing for tomorrow. Microsoft got destroyed. Got absolutely destroyed. Congratulations for all you guys who caught Microsoft 40645 if it builds below it can flush. Softy right now is literally $10 from the pivot. It is trading in the 39690s. But again, if this thing confirms tomorrow's channel, we have more room down. DWAC. Again, for all you guys who love this stuff, right? Love this stuff. $39.50. Gave a trade. Definitely gave a trade today. $39.50 needs to build. DWAC. It took out the $39.50. It went all the way up to $42.25. A nice move there as well. Starbucks never got to the pre-market highs. It was actually sold. It was sold into earnings. Sold into earnings. Carvana and Google Air is Google I closed out. And that's it. So let's see what we get tomorrow. I am in a perfect world. I am hoping for a gap up tomorrow. Stuff into supply and roll over. Start taking down today's ranges. And let's see if we get a day to wash. Again, so far we have not accomplished that in 2024. But as they say, there's a first time for everything. Guys, God bless. Just a reminder, tomorrow is Thursday. It's my usual night off. So tomorrow's earnings and reactions to earnings we will cover on the weekend update. If you are planning to join us in the live webinar tomorrow, then yes, we will be covering it a lot in detail throughout the day. Guys, God bless everybody. Have a great night. Have an awesome trading day tomorrow. God's help us see on the field.


Back to the channel critical overlord here in this video I'm going to be talking about the third film in the Jebus Creeper series the film that we actually should have gotten I'm not going to be addressing Much of what went on in the film that we actually got and the film that we were promised for quite some time I'm just going to talk about a film that we should have gotten a film that actually could have been much better Than what we actually got. It's the prequel we deserved and we weren't promised a prequel for over a decade We were promised a follow-up that was going to take place 23 years after the events of the first two films But Victor Salva decided that he was going to Come up with another story set in between the first and second films to fit the budget for the fact that The budget they were given to work with By the studio wasn't enough to actually get the cathedral script made So he wrote a wrote together a script that was taking place in between the first and second films now The interesting thing about Jeepers Creepers Jeepers Creepers 3 is how The film itself it it takes place in between the first and second film When it really it really didn't have to do that. It's a prequel that takes place before Jeepers Creepers 2 We could have gotten a prequel a prequel that took place before part one and part two Not just a prequel that took place before part one But after part two that kind of just made everything a little bit too messy They started putting in things that were not always there from the very get from the very beginning especially when the film is Claiming to be set mere seconds after what happened in the first film several things go on with the Creepers truck that I just refuse to accept several things go on that What bothers me the most is the truck.  I feel like the truck the truck doing all that stuff That was way too over-the-top for a movie that's supposed to be set right after the original film But the actual film we could have gotten could have focused on two characters that we Had some history kind of explained to us a bit by dairy before he ended up falling victim to the creeper in the end of The film Jeepers Creepers 3 could have been of a prequel set in 1978 following the two high school sweethearts. We heard mentioned we had mentioned in the original film Kenny and Darla Actually Kenny Brandon he was in Jeepers Creepers 3, but he wasn't even the same Kenny Brandon. That was Another thing that that is it bothers me to my oh it bothers me to my core of what's wrong with Jeepers Creepers 3 I don't know why Kenny Brandon is a white man in Jeepers Creepers 3 when he is He's not white just a few short short seconds earlier to that when dairy found him when dairy found him He was black. So I just found it quite lazy To I just don't understand it. I don't understand it. What's so ever? That that whole that whole thing bothers me We could have focused on Kenny and Darla Jeepers Creepers 3 could have been set in the year 1978 we could have followed the two high school sweethearts and we could have followed them and Had like a similar type of tale that we had with Trisha and dairy could have it could have Brought brought a lot of nostalgia to the fact that the film could have been handled the same way the first movie was But in this case it's two lovers and we get to see how we get to see what happened Of course, we know what's gonna happen to them if we've seen the original film We know dairy finds their corpses down in the Creepers house of pain He finds Darla with her with her head stitched back onto her shoulders and Kenny is they're both just like lifeless hollowed out corpses that have been preserved and you see on I believe it's Darla's Darla's hand she has a ring Wheaton Valley class of 1978 or something like that But we could have Jeepers Creepers 3 could have been a prequel set in Wheaton Valley Jeepers Creepers 3 itself Was already set in Wheaton Valley. It could have been set in 1978 Wheaton Valley following the two missing missing teens Kenny and Darla We could have picked up with those two characters. We could have saw their story We could have saw them go to prom we could have saw them get terrorized by the creeper We've couldn't we could have gotten a full a full length film Featuring their demise and how they came across the creeper and how the creeper ended up stalking them and preying on them And their ultimate demise of course at the hands of the creeper that would have been a much better film It I feel like Victor Savok could have easily ridden a film that centered on Kenny and Darla I feel like he really could have Like just gone more in-depth into their characters giving them Front front face center make them the main characters for a prequel set with set before the first and second films because We already have like the the basis of it in the original film based on the fact that they're mentioned There's just the story was there This the story was there and I just feel like it was a missed opportunity I feel like the if we're gonna do a Jeepers Creepers prequel You either said it years before Any of this stuff or you could have just had a prequel Based on the two characters that you brought up in the original film and you may it's actually stated in the film that Kenny and Darla were killed in like night the late 70s So they easily could have had Jeepers Creepers 3 said in the late 70s Kenny and Darla could have been our two lead characters You could have spent time with them learned a bit more about what went on with those two high school sweethearts They were I believe they were both prom king and queen We could have just witnessed them. Maybe we got an even returning character. Perhaps Giselle could have been in it I don't know if they would have gotten the same woman Maybe they were gotten someone who was a bit younger to play Giselle Giselle could have been in it. Maybe we find out that Giselle actually had some type of contact with Kenny and Darla The same way she did with Trisha and Dairy I don't know. I just feel like if Jeepers Creepers 3 was going to be a prequel it should have been a prequel that was about Kenny and Darla The two high school sweethearts that Dairy found down in the creepers house of house of pain in the original film Let me know what you guys think about that Think about that down in the comment section below if you haven't already make sure you're subscribed It's in a post notification So you never miss a video in the description I'll have links on my social media accounts on my facebook twitter and instagram You can message me there to let me know if there's any movies news or reviews You'll have me to cover in the future that all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video and down in the comment section I am going to have a link to the facebook group go ahead and join that facebook group If you want to discuss anything horror related and stay updated on anything regarding Jeepers Creepers


Last year, there were 150 boys hockey teams in the state of Minnesota. Winning just one game, Bagley-Fauston, was ranked dead last. But the Flyers have had a major turnaround this year and have something to prove. We're pretty proud right now and we're usually the underdogs now and that's how we want to keep it the rest of the season. The Flyers began the year as major underdogs, but they won't remain that way for long. Winning three of their first six games and picking up some newfound confidence. We have a chance to win pretty much every game we play and that's kind of the difference. Guys are going in the game still and good about themselves and it showed so far this year. One of those wins came against Lake of the Woods, who the Flyers last beat when the current varsity players were back in Peewees. We fought really well, we came out and just knew it was going to be a dogfight so we got after them. Sitting at second place in the state with 15 goals on the year, one of the few things that's been able to slow down Griffin Brovold is the illness that he missed practice with today, but his teammates spoke highly of his skills and contributions that he's made this season. We worked pretty good with him, he's a really good leader, he's a really good friend.  Offensively, he's so gifted and this year he's just taken it to another level. When he gets the puck, you just never know if every time he could score. Bradley Fauston has gained more than just some wins this year. They've earned pride in their team and encouragement from their community. Every home game we usually have this whole place packed. Last year we didn't really have that much, just a couple of parents. We're pretty proud right now and looking forward to see how the rest of the season is going to go. Now just to once again highlight the turnaround they've had. The three wins the teams they've beaten, last year they went 0-6 against them. The goal differential was 55-8. So these aren't pushovers that they're taking care of.


And moving on to the next light you need, a fill light. The first thing you need to ask yourself is how much shadow do you want on your subject's face? You can either bounce the light off of a reflective surface or you can actually use another light. Balancing light means you're reflecting light from another light source onto your subject. In a three-point lighting setup, that means you're balancing the light off of your key light. Typically, you'd bring in another light when you're trying to shoot for more of a high key look. High key means less shadows, like you see on my face, and a more of an evenly lit subject. For a more moody look, you would go with less of a bounce fill and potentially even use a negative fill. And a negative fill is typically a black piece of fabric that absorbs the light and creates more shadow rather than reflecting light onto the subject. And to add even more emotion to your scene, go ahead and check out the music options over at Artlist using the mood filter. Some good options for this are serious and dramatic.


I'd like to welcome you to our second in a series of 11 Wednesday webinars. My name is Julie Garden Robinson. I'll be your host and if you turn to the next slide for me Kyla, I wanted to remind you of the upcoming webinars. Next week we will feature Esther McGinnis who's an assistant professor and horticulturalist and she's going to talk about GMOs and following that on March 7th we'll have Gardening in Small Spaces with Yolanda Schmidt. So we have some great webinars coming up and I certainly hope that you'll join us. You've been exploring your own zoom controls so just that you know that you can type your questions in the chat box. I'll be keeping my eye on those. You have some answer and question controls that we've been working with and again please keep yourself muted unless later in the in the webinar you can ask a question out loud if you would like. So go to the next one. One thing that I ask and this helps me a lot because we fund these projects through special grants and we have a real short online survey and that will be emailed to you right after today's webinar. It'll take you two minutes maximum and there will be an opportunity to sign up to win a prize in a drawing. It's a pretty cool prize. I have them in my office so please go ahead and fill that out and again that helps us out because this is a grant funded project and now I'd like to introduce and thank Kyla Splickle for joining us. I'd like to tell you a little bit about Kyla. She's a horticulture research specialist at the Williston Research Extension Center. She graduated from NDSU in 2010 with a Bachelor of Science in Horticulture and a minor in Landscape Architecture. Her research involves small fruit, vegetables, hops, tree and flower research at the Williston Station and vegetable and high tunnel research at the Nessan Valley irrigation site. While her research duties keep her busy her true passion has been the designing and maintenance of the landscaping around the Williston Research Extension Center. So thank you very much for joining us and we look forward to hearing all about your high tunnel research. Thanks Julie. I appreciate the opportunity to get to share this stuff with you and yes I do have a background in design but I ended up doing this research but it's pretty fun so um and taking a look here at this photo up at the right hand corner. Thankfully we don't have that much snow this year. This was taken last year but tells you what it looks like here in North Dakota. So with that I'm going to introduce this project, this research. We were just doing the a snapshot of what we were doing here and so I'll introduce the project. I'll go through the difference between a high tunnel and a greenhouse and then I'll talk about each of the trials that we did and some of the things that we came across some of the things that we learned and then if there's time at the end we'll discuss some of the weather patterns that we saw. So with that this project was a collaborative effort between myself and my colleagues Dr. Esther McGinnis and Dr. Harleen Hatterman-Valenti in the plant science departments at Fargo. We put our heads together and decided that we were going to pursue funding from the North Dakota specialty crop block grant program and the title of our project was expanding local specialty crop opportunities in North Dakota through season extension using high tunnels. It was quite a mouthful but we had fun facilitating this research. The grant was awarded in 2015 and it allowed us to build two high tunnels representing both eastern and western North Dakota and it allowed us to conduct vegetable and cut flower research. So the project objectives were to use high tunnels to compare commercial cultivars of three traditional high tunnel crops tomatoes peppers and cucumbers. Evaluate the different varieties of high tunnel about high value cut flowers and then to create a communication center for producers using high tunnels. And I would also I would also like to go ahead and thank the folks on this slide. We we definitely have to thank the specialty crop block program for accepting this award and the Nelson Valley research team. My summer help that I had specifically Roger Pratham she is our agronomist's wife. The main campus Fargo research team and the grad students that were involved and the pathology labs both on campus and DSU and here at the Williston Research Extension Center. So you're here today to find out more about vegetables but I will touch briefly on the cut flower research and then I hope to share through some of the things that we learned along the way. So what is a high tunnel? Oftentimes are referred to as a hoop house and the terms are interchangeable but you can see that the term hoop comes from the shape. The earlier styles were structured like the one here on the top right corner and this is the high tunnel we have located at our dryland station in Williston. The term high tunnel is derived from the use of low tunnels much like the ones that are pictured here on the bottom left. So they're inexpensive non-permanent structure. They'll typically have one or two layers of poly. They are ventilated by the side walls and the end walls. You plant directly into the ground or raised beds and they need to be irrigated in some form of way, usually drip irrigation. So you're probably thinking that it looks like a greenhouse but what makes it different? Greenhouses are considered to be an actual building.  So the structure much like a house is going to have a fully automated heating and ventilating system and temperature control. So it's more rigidly built which means there's more materials involved and that makes it more expensive. So you will typically have plants grown in pots, usually on benches. And so the photo on your right here we can see our agronomist Godum. He's watering some things in, we had some plants that we were starting. This is a greenhouse at the Agricultural Research Center in Sydney, Montana. We've got all this mechanical up here. It's much more sophisticated. Rigid poly structure looks a lot more like a house in terms of the the peak, the roof line. So why would you choose a high tunnel? Well, high tunnels have their own advantages and disadvantages. We'll talk about that on the next slide. But one of the main reasons that one might choose a high tunnel is the expense. You can return your investment faster depending on what types of crops you grow. For us in North Dakota and other temperate regions, high tunnels make sense because they extend our growing season. And more importantly, they mitigate a lot of mother nature's bipolar tendencies in the spring and fall. If you're from North Dakota up in the northwest, you know that the spring temperatures can fluctuate drastically during early spring and late fall. So high tunnels can help mitigate that. They also produce a higher quality crop by excluding significant weather events such as rain, hail, some wind protection, and they can also be used to exclude pests. So some advantages and disadvantages. You do have more control over your environment in terms of your irrigation, your fertility, temperatures, your relative humidity.  The season is more predictable compared to the field grown products. And then your quality is a lot higher. So those are some those are some advantages that we've seen. Some disadvantages, the more control you have over the environment requires more monitoring. And also a lot of humidity can get trapped up under that high tunnel in the early and late season, which can cause some disease issues that you need to look out for. Diseases and pest insects, pest issues in general, are going to be a disadvantage, something that you just need to watch out for. And the third bullet point there, protected environment attracts insect pests. Snow loads and windy conditions can also cause problems. And then the soil health and microbiology need to be monitored very carefully because these systems are typically heavily cropped or intensely cropped. So this photo here is our dryland high tunnel, a high tunnel on our dryland station in Williston. It was built in 2005 and this picture is taken from the spring of 2006. You can see that the zippered end walls did not withstand our windy conditions here. And they they do make high tunnels more structurally sound nowadays with end walls that are more rigid. These zippered plastic end walls just didn't didn't work out for us here. So in the Prairie Plain State of North Dakota, wind is our biggest contender with high tunnels. So choosing your site wisely and spending just a little bit more upfront on your materials can go a long way. So I didn't want to spend too much time going over that. What grows in a high tunnel? And the answer is pretty much everything. So over here on the left, we have our cut flowers. In the middle photo, this was a high tunnel producer in Northwest North Dakota. He had sweet corn, there was a couple sunflowers in the background. Over on the right here, this is Dr. Hatterman Valenti. She's helping us fix the end wall and we were framing it in with two by fours. And here we have a row of raspberries. So we've had fruits in there, vegetables. I know the University of Minnesota is actually doing fruit tree research where they have fruit trees growing in high tunnels. So what did we grow? On one end of our tunnel, we had what we considered a traditional high tunnel crop, tomato, cucumber, and bell pepper. And on the other, we had four species of cut flowers, Lysianthus, Dahlia, Snapdragon, and Delphinium. So the cut flower research was conducted by graduate student Jacob Clusa. And he was advised by Dr. Esther McGinnis at NDSU. And I actually hired two horticulture intern students this past season. And their names were Rose and Jasmine. So there was a running joke this past summer that your name had to be a flower in order to work with me. And here is myself and Rose. And we are cutting the flowers from each plot and taking the data. And the data that we collected for this research had to do with stem length, stem caliper, number of buds, flower diameter, and the plots were planted based on different soil temperatures. So just another snapshot of the beautiful flowers that we had growing in there. It's kind of nice to see that stuff on these cold winter days. Put a smile on your face. So where did we grow? And this is a snapshot of the state of North Dakota. And over on the right hand side near the Red River Valley, we had a high tunnel that was constructed at the Dale E. Herman Arboretum in Absaraka, North Dakota. And the other high tunnel, the one that I'm mostly talking about today, if I say Williston, I mean the Nessan Valley high tunnel that we built, it was it's built along US Highway 1804. And it's our Nessan Valley Irrigated Research and Development site. So here in Williston, at the Williston Research Extension Center, we actually have two research sites. We have a dry land site and we have an irrigated site. And there are crops that are grown under linear irrigation. And we constructed the high tunnel there. We do draw our irrigation off Lake Sakakawia here. And so we were representing the vast differences between in our climate from east versus west. So how did we do this? Well, we went ahead and constructed these high tunnels. The high tunnel at the Absaraka Arboretum was 30 feet by 96 feet. The Nessan Valley Irrigated One high tunnel was 26 by 96 feet. So we had approximately 2400 square feet to work with. Our beds were tilled, planted. We used transplants. We utilized woven landscape fabric for weed control between the rows. And then we placed one line of drip tape per row with 8 inch space emitters. And I'll show, you can see that set up in the photo at the bottom, our drip tape here. And then this was our cucumbers. We ended up using coffee cans to protect our plants after transplants because we have 13 striped ground squirrels and flicker tails that like to eat our nice little transplants. Tomatoes we trained onto one leader. They were indeterminate varieties. And then we suspended twine from the roof perlins the first year in order to train our tomatoes. The cucumbers were grown on welded wire mesh the first year.  And the peppers we strung them up using the Florida Weave system. Now an identical trial was set up adjacent to the high tunnel in a field under field conditions. Same cultivars, same exact setup so that we could look at what was going on inside the high tunnel versus the outside. And this is the setup that we had in 2017. We were utilizing these tomato hooks with twine already on them. And then we suspended that from galvanized aircraft cable that we were running horizontally on our perlins. And there you can see everything was kind of strung up that way. And a close-up of some of those materials these are the bottom right photo is the I think they're I believe they're called tama hooks. And you can order them from seed supply catalogs places that supply things for greenhouses and high tunnels. On the bottom left is the tomato clip. And this is what we used to attach the leaders the plants to our twine. And over on the top right excuse me top left photo we have just a little snapshot of what the irrigation system we used a ball valve here and just your regular drip tape. So I wanted to show those to you in case you had some questions on that. So for the actual trial setup our tomato trial we used a randomized complete block design we had four repetitions and we had nine cultivars. The planting area per block per rep is nine square feet. And we utilized transplants. At the Nessun Valley research site we had one plant per block. And at Absaraka we utilized two plants per block to collect our data from. The 2016 season got a late start due to the fact that we were both both locations were still finishing the construction of their high tunnels. And the 2017 trial at the Williston station viruses completely took out my tomato trial inside the high tunnel. And I'll talk a little bit about that later but that was pretty disappointing for me. But we learned some lessons here. So I have a snapshot of the cultivars that we utilize. This is just a cultivar comparison. We chose mostly all hybrids except for one this pink Berkeley tie dye is an open pollinated heirloom type tomato. The rest of them were F1 hybrids. And we did select a few that were said to be a high tunnel variety. Arbison was one of them. Cobra was another. This pink wonder was said to be good in greenhouse conditions and same with this Tomimuru moochu. And then we also chose a couple of industry standards if you will best boy which replaced better boy and new girl which replaced early girl. And this is the data snapshot of my 2016 data table from Nessan Valley. Now I haven't gone through all of the data from 2017 yet and I need to look at that in the next coming weeks here. But I'll talk about 2016 so you can see kind of what we had going on here. So Tomimuru moochu was our top yielder in terms of total yield. But if you look at new girl we actually had a pretty high marketability with new girl tomatoes. So I was kind of happy to see that. It was it was interesting to see how things ended up playing out here. Pink Berkeley tie dye definitely had the most unmarketable yields. And I'll show you a picture of what we were seeing with that one. heirloom tomatoes are treated completely different than your hybrid types. The skin is a lot more tender. I mean they're just a lot more meatier. They've got more they're juicier. They're just they're different. They need they have a different fertilizer requirement and different irrigation requirement. And this was this was evident in this trial. We were seeing some significance between the cultivars but not a whole lot. Okay so the photo on the left is Tomimuru moochu. The photo in the middle is trust and the photo on the right is new girl. So with Tomimuru moochu we were seeing a lot of this green shoulder and some sunscald. And I think a lot of that has to do with pollination and temperatures. When the temperatures are getting too high in the high tunnel we start to see some of that. We were seeing some splitting here and then a secondary infection would get in there. Anthracnose was very common for us. But this is what we wanted to see. We wanted to see tomatoes like this here on the right hand side. And on the on the bottom left here is pink Berkeley tie dye. And so you can see that they just they would split they would crack right open. And that has a lot to do with the irrigation and the fertilizer that we were putting on these guys. The photo in the middle is pink wonder. We were seeing a lot of radial cracking with that particular variety. And the photo on the left or excuse me the right is Arbison. So those were some nice looking tomatoes. This is what we were really wanting to see. So some issues that we had. The photo on the left we tested our tomatoes for viruses. We sent them into the plant diagnostic lab. And they came back positive for cucumber mosaic, tomato mosaic and tobacco mosaic. When I was first seeing symptoms in 2016, we were suspecting herbicide carryover because this site had been a switch grass trial for 10 years prior to us tilling it and plant and building this high tunnel and planting into it. So my first thought was herbicide injury due to some persistent herbicide in the soil. But in actuality, we were dealing with these viruses. So cucumber mosaic virus, the symptoms that we're seeing here on the left side of the screen, it's that filiformity deformed leaves, the shoestring like symptoms. And then in the middle this is this photo is showing you how it was expressing all the way across the plant. And the photo on the right, this was taken May 26, 2017. I planted my tomatoes. And then I would come back, excuse me, this is just a close up of that shoestring, the deformed leaves. But it came back on June 28, so almost a month later. And in the middle of the high tunnel, these rows right along in here, there's, I had to pull the plants completely out. The tomatoes were just, these were transplants. And in just a few weeks, they were already expressing these symptoms. You can see the tomatoes farther towards the back end of the high tunnel. They were all doing okay. I was just, it was just really frustrating for us to see that in there. Okay, so moving along to our bell pepper trial. Again, randomized complete block for repetitions, nine cultivars. Our planting area this time was six square feet per block per plant and we utilized transplants again. And then I wanted to point out the, this is what we did for our Florida Weave system. We had posts put in on either end of our trial and there was one along the middle and we took, we took bailing twine and you just weave in and out of these plants, every two plants or so, and you just go back and forth a couple of times. And that is how we staked up our peppers inside the high tunnel. So at Nessan, we had one plant per block again and we had two plants per block at the Absaraka. So we were collecting a lot of data over the past two years. And 2017, for me, was the year of the aphid. So we definitely had some issues with that. I'll show some issues with that. I'll show some pictures later, but the green peach aphid was, was really prevalent this year. And so this is a snapshot of our cult of our comparisons. Again, we chose the F1 hybrid varieties and the California Wonder is the open pollinated heirloom variety that we chose. The variety, I chose some of these based off their color. This islander produced a nice purple, purple fruit.  And the rest were green to red. So we could harvest them at green or wait until maturity for red. So yeah, there was the bell peppers are a lot more uniform as far as their shape goes. This is a snapshot of our data table. Again, it's 2016 and it's from Nessan Valley. And you can see that islander for us in Williston was the highest yielding and it produced the highest number of fruits. This particular variety continued to produce. And in an unofficial taste test by my colleagues here at the Research Center, islander had the best flavor. It was very sweet and it had kind of a more tender skin. So I was really impressed with that one. And then ace and king Arthur, those are two pretty, pretty decent varieties for production as well. Okay. So a couple of issues that I wanted to point out with our bell pepper trial. Again, we were seeing viruses. Obviously, we've got peppers and tomatoes, they're in the same family, they can carry the same diseases. The photo on the left is what I was seeing in 2016. The photo in the middle is what things looked like in 2017. I did send in for analysis. And these did not come back with the virus, but they were expressing some symptoms. The row in the middle had to be completely replanted. You can see that they just struggled throughout the entire season. The photo on the right was taken in late August. And this is what the plants are looking like when they are completely inundated with aphids. They were incredibly hard for us to control. We did use some agricultural use pesticides, some broad spectrum pesticides across the whole high tunnel. That didn't work. We switched over to neem oil. We even used, we even tried just washing the plants off with a stream of water. And this is what it looked like. These little buggers were just everywhere. I was looking for the photo that we had after we had rinsed off the plants, there was a puddle on this landscape fabric, and the puddle was just, it was green. There was so many aphids in there. We were starting to finally see some control after utilizing the horticultural oil. And after we had washed off the majority of the aphids, that seemed to kind of break their cycle for us. But the damage can, the damage was done for us. They were still producing, but this is some of the things that I was seeing. These deformed fruits, that's a pretty characteristic of a virus. This is what we wanted to see. So this is islander, the nice purple variety. Okay, so with that, I'll talk a little bit about the cucumbers here. It looks like we're still doing good on time. This is Roji Pratham. She is our agronomist's wife there from Nepal, and she helped me plant all of these trials this year. And here we are planting the cucumber trial. Again, randomized complete block, four reps, nine cultivars. We had approximately seven and a half square feet per block per rep. Now in the first year, we utilized seeds. We direct sowed our cucumber seeds, three seeds per hill, and then we terminated two, leaving behind the largest, the healthiest plant. And in the second year, we decided to seed two seeds per four inch pot, as you can see here on the ground. There's two plants growing in there. We transplanted them both together, and then we terminated one plant after establishment. And then again, we had to put coffee cans around in our 2017 season. And we used row covers to protect them from the cool temperatures. And they didn't really do much for us for about a month because of the cold temperatures. And spider mites were the bane of my existence on the cucumbers this year. So we'll talk about that as well. This is a snapshot of the cultivars that we chose. Again, they were all hybrid F1 hybrids, except for one, which was this diva open pollinated variety. We did have three cultivars that were picklers, Isnik, Harmony, and Excelsior. The rest of them, however, were slicers. And again, we looked at what they were suited for. And so this cat arena was touted to be a high tunnel or greenhouse variety. Socrates was considered a cool climate. Cucumber, Excelsior, a greenhouse pickler, Isnik, a high tunnel cucumber, and Corinto, an early producer. So we chose a vast variety just so we could look at things that way. And a snapshot of what we have here. I went ahead and ran this data based on our unmarketable percentage, because what I wanted to see was marketable fruit and total weights. And the number, and I ran my significance based off the number of harvested fruits. We had cucumbers coming out of our ears. So it was amazing how much fruit they produced. Isnik, again, I said that was a pickling variety. 97 was the total number. We harvested that one a lot. But as far as weight goes, Corinto was actually our top yielder in weight. And so that's kind of how the numbers ended up playing out. Marketability was pretty good. Cucumbers did really well for us in 2016. This is what I was seeing in 2017. So the photo on the left-hand side here, I have yet to discover what was happening here. I've contacted various people. We sent this in for lab testing. It did not come back with any disease. I've been told cucumber beetle damage. I've been told mechanical damage. There was something happening in the environment that was causing this early on in the season in 2017. We were seeing some fungal issues late in 2016. And we feel that we got a handle on that in 2017. But then along came the itsy-bitsy spider here. On the right-hand side is the two-spotted spider mite. And these things were all over the cucumbers. So early scouting was one of the lessons that we learned. Early scouting for diseases and insect problems will go a long way for you. A couple other things that we did have. This is thrip damage. When the thrips start to feed, they cause this puckering. We were able to take care of that with our broad spectrum insecticides that we were spraying early in the season. The spider mites came on board in the later part of the season. This is a photo of what anthracnose looks like. You end up with these angular-shaped lesions that eventually will the leaf tissue will eventually break down and you'll end up with these holes. And this was mitigated for us just by some broad spectrum fungicides. Some agricultural use fungicides at various timings. So we were timing a lot of our applications on a weekly basis. We did a lot of our spraying on Fridays knowing that no one would be in the high tunnel over the weekend. And that helped us take care of some of these issues. The insects were a lot more difficult to manage. And so on the left I mentioned those interns that I had. The left photo is my intern Jasmine and she was from the Ohio State. And we made a lot of pickles. We were making a batch of some spicy bread and butter. And the brine was a little bit a little bit too harsh on the sinuses. And so she decided to put a mask on. I thought that was kind of funny. So I took a picture of her. And the photo on the right is my son. He even got into the spirit of helping me make relish. He thought that was just great getting to grind up those cucumbers. So that was kind of a fun thing for us to do. And any of the produce that didn't get eaten by the folks here all got donated. I was trying to keep track of how many pounds we donated and I lost track. But it was a lot and we took a lot of it to the food banks here in Williston. And I know they they dropped off a lot of donations in the Fargo. Fargo the Great Plains food bank as well. So okay. So we'll switch gears. We'll talk just briefly about some weather things that I wanted to note that I wanted to share with you guys today. And then I think we'll open it up for some questions. So okay. So we utilized the North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network, NDON. And this is a photo of what the weather station looks like. It's located at Nessan Valley and it is called the Huffland Station. So if you went out to NDON and you wanted to look at what was happening out there, search for the Huffland Station and you'll be able to find out what's going on there. So I went back and looked up a monthly report for 2017 and I've highlighted a date there for you to take note of. The average first frost for Williston is September 19th. It's fairly early. So I wanted to point that date out to you. And you can see here the columns that I kind of just want to talk about are maximum temperatures and the minimum temperatures 48.8 degrees. Okay, that's great. But you can see here that on the 17th we had a dip down into the 30s and then after that a dip down into the 30s as well. Otherwise we were in the 40s and 50s. Not a big deal, but something that I wanted to note. Okay. Inside the high tunnel, we were utilizing these watchdog weather stations from Spectrum Technologies and they were collecting the data for us as a data logger. We were also capturing soil temperatures and relative humidity as well. So the photo down here at the bottom of the screen that weather station on the left hand side is what we were collecting our data from. That's just a radiation shield that white thing on there. So anyways, we had this set up at the middle of the high tunnel. And take a look at these low temperatures. Here on September 19th, we were at 44.8. And look, we're above, we're in the 40s and 50s that entire time. So I wanted to compare those two things. You can see our inside temperatures were still in the 70s and 80s in September. And then let's contrast that with October. Okay, so this is end on. This is our outside weather on October 4th, 5th, and 6th. That is our killing freeze for the season outside. So after that 31.7, we were down 29.7, 25. I mean, there's no recovering from that. So everything that was outside was dead. And so then we look at our inside temperatures.  We had a 28.7 degree day. Okay, so that just shows you that we could overcome these seasonal fluctuations in these early season frosts. If we would have utilized some supplemental heat inside of our tunnel, I guarantee we would have been able to take this crop all the way to the end of October. Now, we didn't. And that's mostly because we have warm season crops growing in there and they weren't really producing for us anyways. We just wanted to see how long we could keep things alive. And so that's what we ended up doing here in our high tunnel research. So I think with that, just my brief summary, we were finding some significance within our cultivar trials. We were definitely seeing higher quality and quantity of produce as compared to the field conditions. And we definitely learned the importance of scouting for pests and insect problems. And the season extension was achieved for us due to the protection from the early fall frost. So that was kind of some exciting things that we were doing here with the NDSU high tunnel research. So with that, we'll just open it up to some questions. My chat box open here. And for this portion, if you want to say your question, just go ahead and unmute your microphone or type in the chat box. I guess I have a question for you, Kyla. Are there any consumer level high tunnels available if I wanted to have one? Like small scale? Yes. You know, the high tunnel that we have at our dry land station would be considered, I would consider that a backyard type. The one, it was purchased from FarmTech and it was 24 by 20. So not real big. And there are various home greenhouses that you can purchase. We've seen people doing a lot of different things with those. So nothing's really ringing a bell as far as consumer, but there are things out there that you can do for your backyard gardening. There are low tunnels. I can't remember what the term is for the type of low tunnel that you can purchase that's expandable, and then you can just kind of fold it back together when you're done. And that can keep things, that can extend your season, even just putting up something like that. Does, let's see, okay. You have a question. Okay. Does my research, does your research continue for the upcoming growing season? Yes. So this grant concludes this June and we'll be putting together our final report. We are still tabulating the data and I'll be running that in our statistical system here. But then Dr. Harleen Haderman-Valenti was able to obtain another grant that started in 2016 and they will be building a high tunnel on campus. So look for that. That'll be coming in the next few months here. They're going to be constructing a high tunnel on campus and then we'll be facilitating some research with cool season crops and utilizing heating, various heating mechanisms to keeping the soil warm. So that research will be conducted this spring and then we're also kind of looking at doing some cover cropping to address the soil health issues that come up with high tunnels. So somebody asked me, how do you, did you have noticeable damage from the sun with the plastic? Was it mostly wind? I'm not sure with that question. The sun damage, the sun scald, I think just had a lot to do with our pruning. If we were heavily pruning them we were seeing more sun scald. Are you talking the tomatoes? That question is from Todd. I'm not sure. Let's see, I was talking about the plastic. Oh, okay. So degrading the plastic, we didn't see a lot of damage on our plastic. This, the plastic that we utilized for our high tunnel was a six mil holly with an anti condensate coating and an infrared coating and it was double layered with the inflated, the inflated blower fan. So there was a airspace between the two layers of plastic and we really haven't had a lot of damage on ours with the wind at all, thankfully. So yeah, we haven't even had to replace anything. And I'm talking about the high tunnel at Nessan Valley. The high tunnel at our dryland station is a single layer poly and that I've had, I've already had some tearing on that one. So how did we fertilize? We utilized a type of siphon system where we were just able to fill a five gallon bucket full of fertilizer or concentrate and then we just hooked in this siphon type. I can't even think of what brand it was. And then we were able to just siphon in our fertilizer as we were running our irrigation. We did have a storage tank, a water storage tank outside the high tunnel that was full of water and then we utilized just a regular small scale pump to push the water through the drip tape. And we did a fertilizer schedule and I don't have that with me on hand. Was there a big difference from your outside garden to your hoop house? Yes, there was. We were seeing two and three times more produce coming out of the high tunnel than we saw coming from the field. So yes, we were seeing a big difference. Does anyone use crop rotation through the high tunnels? Fruit to crop, root crop, leaf crop? Yes, there's a lot of, there are a lot of things out there on crop rotation. And we, because this was kind of our maiden voyage, if you will, with high tunnel research specific for North Dakota, we really focused on one thing at a time. And I think in the future we will be looking at different cropping systems. A good resource to look at is Michigan State and they do have a lot of great information out there with their hoop house and looking at different croppings, different rotations. I haven't run across anything with fruit crop to a vegetable crop, but there are a lot of cool season to warm season. So you'll end up with your leaf, like your lettuces and spinach and things like that, transitioning into a warm season crop and then transition to say a cool season root crop or something like that. So how much earlier did the crops mature as opposed to the open field? Okay, that's a great question. So in the 2016 season, we, we were getting things into the high tunnel later because we were still finishing the construction, but we were harvesting cucumbers at the very end of June. And in the high tunnel, on the outside of the high tunnel in the field, we weren't getting cucumber crop until oh late July. So probably a good month. And same with the tomatoes, I would say the tomatoes were closer to our peak production was in August. Here in North Dakota, when you plant tomatoes outside, slicing variety. Okay, so it takes a lot longer to get that slicing tomato. Your cherry tomatoes are going to be a lot sooner. But yeah, so our, our typical harvesting was the end of June, mid to end of June, inside the high tunnel. And then we were able to carry that research, carry that harvest all the way to the end of September. So season was definitely long. Were you able to plant earlier in the high tunnel? Yeah, we were, we were able to get those cucumbers in there in April. So, and I think, and I anticipate this season, we will be getting our cool season crops planted in there in the next month or so. Do you think the aphid infestation was directly related to high tunnel confinement versus field where you have a more open environment? I think that the infestation, because we're surrounded by agricultural crops, it's impossible to say where the infestation came from. I assume your wind direction, we, you know, that can carry aphids from this, you know, the southern United States, they get blown up here through the jet stream and things like that. But the infestation, they, the population exploded because of the high tunnel environment. So this particular aphid can reproduce by something known as parthenogenesis. They basically give birth to live young and the majority of the young are females that are already pregnant. And so they literally are giving birth to these nymphs that go through their instars and they'll go through their instars based on the temperatures. So these aphids can go through their, the particular instars in like five days. And then you've got a reproducing female that's laying or giving birth to more live young. So it's kind of a vicious cycle when it comes to aphids. But the temperatures, the lack of predators, and the lack of, say, rain splash or anything like that that can wash the aphids off all contribute to aphid infestation and then it, it can change overnight how many aphids you have. And again, there were no natural predators in there. And that's something that has to be taken into consideration when you're spraying your insecticides. Obviously a broad spectrum insecticide is going to take care of everything, including your beneficial bugs. And so towards the end of the season, we were incorporating we, with the spider mites, we were actually incorporating biological predatory mites. But it's really important to, to find your thresholds first, be looking every single day for these things and then release your predator insects sooner. And so that's where we, we needed to do that sooner. I wasn't seeing as many aphids in the open field, although there were some, but the infestations were not as prolific because those aphids weren't reproducing as quickly. So I hope you come back and share the results. Yes, I'm hoping to publish, I'm hoping to publish these results. This is actually my master's thesis. And so I'll be putting that all together and then hopefully be able to share that with you if we can get this, get the results published. So yeah, how did we promote fertilization of the fruit? All of the cultivars that we chose were minus the open pollinated varieties. Specifically, the cucumbers were all parthenal carpic. And so they did not need fertilization. And the tomatoes, we, they were all, they're, they're what, buzz pollinated. We didn't really need to worry about our pollination issues. There were bees in there. And a lot of that had to do with the flowers that were planted in there. I did see quite a few bumblebees in there. So pollination wasn't really an issue for us with that. So, but yes, bees do come in, although I've read and I've heard various opinions on or not necessarily opinions, but the way that bees can get disoriented, the different honeybees versus bumblebees can get disoriented when they're flying around inside high tunnels. We didn't release any type of pollinator insects. I saw plenty of them in the, in the flower crops. So that helped. Why do many cucumber blossoms not produce? That's a good question. Sometimes I think the heat can contribute when your temperatures rise too frequently or too rapidly during fertilization and then you can't get the flower just aborts. And then I know we were seeing flower thrips as well on some of our cucumbers. So I think that can contribute to blossom that may not produce. I don't really have a great answer for that one. I don't have the fertilizer recommendations, the fertilizer rates for the tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers. I'm sorry, I did not include that in today's research. There's so much information to share with you guys today. But if you'd like, I can probably find that information. There, the irrigation scientists down at the Nessin Valley Research was instrumental in helping me make sure everything got irrigated on a daily basis and fertilized. So my research contains the high tunnel research down at Nessin Valley, which is about 23 miles east of Williston. And then the entire dry land station, the landscaping, and I do have display gardens and small fruit research here. And so I can't be in two places at once. So I will check with our irrigation scientist Tyler and see if he can email me what he was fertilizing with. Let's see. You may have covered this, but were the slides of your high tunnels open on occasion for years? Yeah, so the high tunnel that we built, we purchased an internal thermostat system that was connected to mechanical sidewall vents. So they were set up on a thermostat, and so the side walls would roll up based on a temperature threshold. And we did that because we knew that we wouldn't be there 24-7 to maintain air temperatures in there. And so, yes, the sides of our high tunnel were open. The end walls on the two ends, we never removed anything. We had a door on the one end, and we had end wall vents up near the peak. And those would open as well on a temperature threshold. And that's how we utilized our air circulation was mostly just wind. In Northwest North Dakota, our climate is considered semi-arid. So believe it or not, we actually didn't have as much humidity inside of our high tunnel. And the circulation wasn't as big of an issue for us. On the eastern side of the state, it definitely was. And so I think having some sort of fan to move air is a good thing to look into, something that we might look into just to keep air circulating. But the roll-up sides were based on a thermostat, and they would open and close automatically. And it just depended on the temperature for how often they would roll up and down. Every once in a while, we would have to go out and manually close the roll-up sides, specifically if we had a storm coming through. And it was still really warm outside. So the temperature was saying to stay open, we would go and manually close that because if a storm blew through, we didn't want air getting up in there and causing damage. So good questions though. If anybody has any more follow-up questions, please email me or email Julie and she can forward on. And I definitely appreciate the questions and your time today. And hopefully, I shared some experiences that might save you all from what we ended up with, you know, making the mistakes for you guys. So I'd like to thank you, Kyla. This was really, really interesting. And thanks for the time you spent in pulling this together and sharing it with us. So thanks a lot. And for all of the those of you out there, please take the survey and join us again in coming weeks. Thanks a lot. Awesome. Thank you.


The weird circle. In this cave, by the restless sea, we are meant to call from out the past stories, strange, and weird. Bellkeeper, hold the bell, so all may know we are gathered again in the weird circle. Phantoms of a world gone by speak again the immortal tale. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Every man is truly two beings cursed with the struggle of good and evil within him. What will this duality be like separated? Each part living alone, the good companion, and then the pure and ugly evil of him. That you, Poole? Yes, Dr. Jekyll. And come in, come in. Did you get the salt? Yes, sir. Finally, sir. But only three pounds of it. It was all the chemist's head. Good. It will suffice. Thank you, Poole. Anything else, sir? Oh, no, no, Poole. Good night. I beg pardon, sir. If I may ask her, is the experiment nearly done? I think so, Poole. This time I think it's really nearly done. Oh, splendid, sir. Cook would be glad to hear it, too. Have a good night, sir. Yes, good night, good night. Yes, and a gram of the salt. Where's your courage, Jekyll? Drink it.  Less than your other half, Jekyll. You've given him the miracle of life. The essence of the hidden evil in a man, Dr. Jekyll. The miracle of consummate evil come to life. The hidden soul of Jekyll. I am mistaken. That night, like a shadow from an evil place, a stooped figure walked alone in the London streets. About him was a feeling of deformity and decay. He had come from the by-street door of Dr. Henry Jekyll's house from his laboratory. And it was the same door he entered again when the first light of dawn dispelled the night. But during the day, the house and the laboratory were quiet while the master slept. That evening, Mr. Utterson, the lawyer, stood before the bright fire in the library. Dr. Jekyll had sent for him. This well is preposterous, Jekyll. I am your lawyer, yes, but... There's nothing to be so concerned about, Utterson. Edward Hyde is a new friend of mine. I want to be sure he's provided for in case something happens to me, that's all. But nothing's going to happen to you. How could you just disappear as you've stated in this testament? How could I know that, Utterson? It's strange, Jekyll, but if this is the way you want it... Hyde has captured my interest, Utterson. His well-being is the one thing uppermost in my mind. I want to be certain, in case something does happen to me, that Hyde will be financially secure to carry on. I see. Well, all right, Jekyll, as you wish. The well will be ready for your signature in a few days. I'll bring it around myself. Splendid, Utterson. Now, what about that spot of wine? Thanks, no. Dr. Lanyon's expecting me. Lanyon? He was only asking about you the other evening, Jekyll. We see you so seldom these days. Well, I've been rather hard at it in the laboratory. You sure you can't stay? Another time. Good night, Jekyll. Good night. Wonder who the devil is, Edward Hyde is. Mr. Utterson was the first of many Londoners who were to wonder about the hideous specter like Mr. Hyde. They were to fear the shadows of night because of him. One evening, nearly a week later... Here, here, young fellow. What's the matter? He's a monster, sir. He struck me with his cane. Help me, sir, please. There, there, there. Nobody's going to hurt you. Now, where is this monster you speak of? He was right behind me, sir, all the way from Clement Street. Look, there, under the corner light. He'll not let him come at me again, will you, sir? Will you? No, no, my lad. No harm will come to you. He's seen us now. Wait. By George, it is a monster. Look, sir, he's making for that doorway. The small one in the shadow, just there. So he is. Hey, here, fellow. Wait a minute there. Come along, my lad. But, sir, don't let him... It's all right now. Don't be afraid. You there. Did you strike this child? If the Ruffian molests me again, I'll strike him again. What kind of a devil are you? There's no gentleman but wishes to avoid a scene. It was an accident. Maybe this pound note will ease the boy's pain. Oh, no, no. Take it, lad. Now, if you'll excuse me. Now, wait a moment. And this door? Isn't this Jekyll's laboratory? You must be Mr. Hyde. I'm an old friend of the doctor's, uh, Otterson of Gorn Street. You must have heard of me. I was just on my way to see Jekyll. How did you know I'm Mr. Hyde? No, we have common friends. Who are they? Jekyll for one. Come, let me see your face, Mr. Hyde. How well shall I know you when we meet again? We shall not meet again, Mr. Otterson. So that is Hyde. Now, my lad, run along. I've got a call to make. In this house, sir? Yes, but at the front door. I want to see if Mr. Jekyll's in.  Yes, sir. You won't, sir. Thank you. Thank you.  Good evening, Mr. Otterson. Dr. Jekyll home, fool? I'm afraid not, sir. Thought you'd be here at this late hour. The most gently he is, sir. I just saw that Hyde fellow go in by the laboratory door. Is that right when Dr. Jekyll's away from home? Quite right, Mr. Otterson. Mr. Hyde has a key. Your master seems to put a great deal of trust in him. Yes, sir, he does indeed. We all have orders to obey him, though we see himself him. He tells him he mostly comes and goes by the street door and at night, sir. Well, tell Dr. Jekyll I'd like to see him as soon as possible and give him these papers, will you, fool? Yes, sir. I was talking with him about them a few days ago. Yes, sir.  Good night, Mr. Otterson. The sword, Mr. Hyde. Hurry. Mix it well. Pour the powder in slowly. No. Gink it. No. Think through, Lord, Mr. Hyde. The triumphant strength of God. Eyes unclouding, lightning of your crooked, evil soul.  It's the last of you, Mr. Hyde. You'll never exist again. But... Is that you, Dr. Jekyll?  I'm so sorry, sir. I only just told Mr. Otterson that you were not at home.  But Mr. Hyde, sir... Mr. Hyde is gone. Oh, I see. Mr. Otterson left this paper envelope, sir. He asked also to see you as soon as possible.  Put it there.  No. No, I'll go to bed.  I've been alone too much lately. What do you say to my taking your advice and having their dinner party? Oh, that would be like old times, sir. We'll talk it over tomorrow. Splendid, sir. And, fool, I don't think Mr. Hyde will be back again. Good evening. Come right in, sir. Dr. Lanyon and Ms. Julie, come in. Hello, Jekyll. Good to see you out of that shell after all these months. This isn't going to be one of those stuffy dinner parties, is it? Pay no attention to them, Dr. Jekyll. Have some cold, Dr. Lanyon.  By the way, Jekyll, this is your walking stick, isn't it? Well, so it is.  Left yours. Did I? I am sorry. Look for Dr. Lanyon's cane, will you, fool? Yes, sir. Of course. I'd rather have this one. I am fond of canes and cherry.  Perhaps we'll arrange a swap someday. Well, Dr. Jekyll, good evening. Good, sir. Andrew, hello there. Where have you been hiding all these weeks? Hiding? Oh, right here, Sandra, right here. Well, we've missed you. Mrs. Fielding's dinners aren't the same without Dr. Jekyll. Well, I must say it's good to see you, Jekyll. I'm not evading me this time. Been trying to see you all week. Why, something on your mind? Not here, old fella. Come along. We can steal out a few minutes before dinner. But only a few. I've got a house full of guests, remember? Oh, look, there's nobody here in the laboratory. Sit down. By the fire. My word. It does look like you've been working. Well, it takes a lot of equipment for chemical experiments. Now, what's up? You should know without asking. That will, of course. Oh, that. I don't like it, Jekyll. You never did. And especially since I've met your Mr. Hyde. He's a bipolar, Jekyll. The other night... Let's not talk about it, Anderson. It's not as you fancy. I can be rid of Hyde. The moment I choose... What's the matter? I'm just going to say it. Let's leave the will as it is. And will you promise me one thing? What's that? I still take a great interest in Hyde and I only ask for justice for you to help him if the time comes when I'm no longer here. Oh, the whole thing's preposterous, but... Yeah, it's a promise. I'll do my best. Well, look here, Jekyll. Are you ill? No. No, I... What? Your face, man. Your face... Don't look at me, Anderson! Jekyll, wait a minute! I saw you, Mr. Hyde. My eyes... Let me alone. Let me alone. You've got to die. And stay there forever. You're afraid, Mr. Hyde. Afraid of him. Can you kill the strongest force in the world? You've got to have the strength of Hyde to murder the inordinate strength of Hyde. You can kill me, Jekyll. The good in you can never kill her. And I shall never die. Not as long as you can live. He had a bath, ma'am. He had to come out to the balcony, Dr. Lanyon. Watched in the moonlight. Ever since you and Dr. Lanyon came back from Dr. Jekyll's party, then the white-haired gentleman came along. And this monster...  And then kicked him. People came out from the houses, and he looked round like an animal, and then ran away. Oh, he might come back with Julia. Now, what's happened? There's a poor blight. Such an old man. He's been murdered, Dr. Lanyon. Good Lord. It's Sir Andrew Karoo. Looks like he was on his way to the post. Some madman attacked him. Here you are. Call an officer. Already been called. Look at this. What is it? A walking cane. What the murder was done with most likely. It broke plumbing, too. Here. Let me see that. Heavy sort of cane. Do a murder with that. How terrible. Some maniacs done this. That, Mr. Hyde, we've heard so much about. And some folks have seen. That's who's done it. Mr. Hyde. Mr. Hyde. Sherry Kane. With a dog's head carved in the handle. Why? This is Dr. Jekyll's. Clark, let me have a room. Right away. And I want a note delivered immediately. Will you register, sir? That's the time, I tell you. Give me a room and send me a message a quick. But, sir, I... Do you want these, or will you do as I say? Yes, sir, yes, sir. Sam, show this gentleman up to 210 and wait for a note he wants delivered. Oh, my word. Fingers around my throat. My God, you really meant it. I cannot impress upon you too strongly the importance of this note, Dr. Lanyon. You have been a dear friend, and now my life is in your hands. Go immediately to my house. Pool will admit you. From my laboratory cabinet, remove the fourth drawer from the top with all its contents intact and take it to your house where a man will present himself in my name at exactly midnight tonight. You must not fail me. Henry Jekyll. What an extraordinary thing. Well, I've done, as Jekyll said. Now we'll see. Oh, right on the dot. Who's there? It's me. Are you from Jekyll? Yes, it's me. I have, but look here. I have to draw. It's in my study, through that door there. Where is it? There, on the table. A graduated glass. On the shelf beside you, but what are you going to do?  Look here. Jekyll didn't say anything about, if this is some fiendish thing Jekyll's cooked up, I'll be no partner to it. Who are you anyway? Look at you, Dr. Lanyon. Answer me. Who are you? You're curiosity great enough to watch me drink this potion. What are you talking about?  If you watch me, a new knowledge will be open to you, Dr. Lanyon. And in this room, this instant, your sight will be blasted by a prodigy that would stagger the unbelief of Stakin himself.  Get out of my house. Now watch, Dr. Lanyon. Now watch. Heaven's name. It's you. For your eyes. To see why I hid myself away. What are you saying? At first he took his strong dart to the formula to bring him to life. Weeks ago, that was. But now he's too strong. Now the Jekyll you see before you hasn't the power to keep him back. Two hours from now, Dr. Lanyon, I'll be Mr. Hyde again. And no strength of my will can stop it. Jekyll, you're mad. Leave me alone. I've got to go. All of the power, Dr. Lanyon, in Heaven's name, don't you see, I've got to find more of the power of this was the last of it. Now we can do it, Dr. Lanyon. Pool got the powder for me, but the shop where he got it has no more. It must have contained some impurity that did the trick. You've got to help me find out what that impurity was, Dr. Lanyon. You've got to help me murder this evil Hyde in my soul. Jekyll, stop. Stop. Dr. Lanyon. Dr. Lanyon. Of your miracle, Dr. Jekyll, you have killed him. A man who could save your life is dead. Bless you, Mr. Utterson, for coming so quickly. Oh, what on earth happened, Pool? I'm sully afraid Dr. Jekyll's been murdered, sir. What? Murdered? Come with me, sir. Don't make a noise. We mustn't be heard. But where are you taking me? Here's a candle, sir, to Dr. Jekyll's laboratory. And if by any chance he asks you in, don't go, Mr. Utterson. Don't go. But how could Jekyll be dead? Quiet, sir. I beg of you.   Here's the door. Mr. Utterson, sir, asking to see you. Tell him I can't see anyone. Yes, sir. Pool, that isn't... Well, that doesn't sound like Jekyll to me. No, sir, I'm glad to hear you say so, because Mr. Utterson, whatever is in there, cries to heaven for help, and wails, and so on. Driving at Pool. Well, sir, it all began early this morning, after they'd found Dr. Lanyon dead. Yes, yes, I saw him. Such terror in his face. Well, sir, it was sometimes Dr. Jekyll's way to leave orders on a sheet of paper outside this door. And since early this morning, sir, we've had nothing else except notes and a closed door and food left outside to be smuggled in when nobody was looking. A dozen times, Mr. Utterson, those notes were sent me flying all over London to hold sale-chemists for a certain powder. But every time, soon after I brought it back, there'd be another paper telling me to return it because it wasn't right, sir. And this drug, sir, is wanted very badly. Then maybe it is, Jekyll. Maybe... Oh, sir, do you think I wouldn't know my master after 20 years? That thing in there, Mr. Utterson, had done away with Dr. Jekyll. Then who do you think it is in there? I'll give you my Bible word, Mr. Utterson. It's that monster, Mr. Hyde. That's what I thought. Come on, we've got to break in. Yes, sir. We need an axe, something to pry the door with. Well, I have the tools here. I've also taken liberty of sending a footman with a boy around by the by-state entrance, just in case. And I have a gun here, sir. Can they catch him if he tries to escape? They can, sir. Here's the axe. Here, here. Hold the candle. I'm going to knock first. Mr. Hyde, will you let me in? I can't see anybody. Go away. If you don't open the door, I'm going to break it down. Mr. Utterson, it happens. They will have mercy. Leave the room. Oh, stand back. We're coming in there, Mr. Hyde. Stand behind me, Paul. I'm going to push it open. It's the monster. Mr. Utterson has got a knife. Stay back from us, Mr. Hyde. Evil incarnate, Mr. Utterson. And murder is my forte. So you have murdered Dr. Jekyll? Because he wished me dead.  It's coming at us, sir. Stay back, Mr. Hyde. Mr. Utterson, look out. He's dead, Paul. Then we must find Dr. Jekyll. His body must be here somewhere in the laboratory. Wait. Look. It's... You're looking at the shell of an evil soul, Paul. Dissolving, turning back to the form of its creator. But it means the evil man is dead, Paul. For here lies the better half of his duality. Triumphant. From the time-worn pages of the past, we have brought you the story Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dell Keeper. Pull the bell.