Right. Hi everyone. Welcome to a new semester. It's good to see quite a few familiar faces. So this semester is an interesting one. We're going to be talking about urban church planting. And the notes are available on the stream. So if you'd like, you can feel free to download those notes. Even as we continue to go through the entire course, you can track along with us. So even before we begin, let's start with a word of prayer. Let's just submit this entire course at the God's hand. Let's pray that God ministers to us even as we learn together. Let's pray. Father, we thank you for this time. We thank you for this course that you have enabled us to study together a God. Even as we learn about urban church planting and various aspects in church planting a God, we pray God that you will empower us. You will guide us. We pray for your wisdom to lead us a God. No matter which sphere of influence we are in a God that we will be able to build your kingdom here on earth, the God. And we thank you for your word that has promised us that you will build your church on the gates of hell, shall not prevail against it.  We thank you, Lord. We give you all the praise and glory. In Jesus' name we pray. Amen. All right. So urban church planting, we're going to be talking about mostly urban churches. Again, before I start, if you have questions, feel free to just stop me. You can ask your questions or you can also post your questions in the chat. And we'll try and answer those questions as well. So urban church planting. Now, when we talk about church planting, I'm sure many of us may have different thoughts when it comes to church planting, because none of us have the same ideas. God has designed us in a way. We all have different ideas. The Holy Spirit is not limited to a certain idea. He can use different ideas, different strategies, different plans, and different people to build his church. But what we're going to do in this semester is we're going to talk about some guidelines that we can use when it comes to church planting. Now, some of us may be in cities, some of them, some of us may be in towns or even in villages where there's not much of the things that we're going to talk about, not much of urban life, but just a quick overview, right? 54% of the world's population right now is moving from a place of rural living into urban living, 54% of the world. That's more than half the world, half the population. So if you look at the growth that is happening across the entire globe, let me just take our nation of India for an example. So we've got more than 20% of villages becoming towns. How is that? Because what's happening is COVID, again, because of COVID, things going online has helped boost usage of internet. So you've got the regular farmers who know how to use the internet. You've got regular day-to-day vendors who know how to use, you know, go online, book cabs or book hotel rooms, they can do everything. Why? Because this whole thing of rural living has moved and things are getting into an urban setting. Life is changing, right? And predicted that over the next maybe or 10 years or more, this statistics is going to increase even more. So you may say, hey, I'm in a town. I can apply all these strategies to build a church. But one thing that we can understand is that, hey, towns are going to become cities. And look at this, for example, right? Five years down the line, we never knew that online, you know, we could attend online services and experience almost the same experience of being in a church, right? We never knew that we could have Zoom meetings across the entire globe. People can join from anywhere. You Zoom meetings, right? So we see that the world is getting urbanized and as a church, as a body of Christ, we must move along with what is happening around us. Right now, there are other reasons why people would also move from rural settings to urban settings. I'll just name a couple of them. One could be because of better living standards, right? Better facilities. Two could be better educational facilities, right? So you've got people who are, you know, who are studying, who want to come and study in better schools, better colleges, so they move, relocate, come to urban settings, right? And three is those who are working professionals, right? They have better opportunities, better doors, better pace, better, better, you know, everything is better in the urban sector, right? So we see that there's this constant transition from the rural to the urban, right? So even as we study this course, we're going to look at part one, we're going to look at the introduction on what is the dynamics of a church, right? Or the dynamics of urban settings. So I remember, I always say this, you know, I remember a teacher who used to say this, a good believer is one who holds God's word in one hand and God's word in another hand. So we must be able to maintain and strike a good balance, right? That we know what is happening around us, right? So we're talking about the Holy Spirit who's our leader, right? What is the objective of church planting? Then God's heart for cities, dynamics of urban settings, natural dynamics, spiritual dynamics. Now, I'm sure we all know that, you know, strategies that work in the cities and urban settings may not work in towns and villages. So we may need to, you know, tweak it accordingly. Then urban church planting and missions that we see in the book of Acts, right? So that will be section one, section two, practical aspects, section three will be spiritual aspects, right? So are we ready to start this course? Do you have any questions? Okay, so this course will be divided into two portions, like what we always do. Potion one will be for the midterm until where we cover. So you'll have a midterm test and then you'll have a final assessment towards the end of the semester. All right, so let's look at the introduction. So Pastor has just mentioned his personal journey of how he was able to pioneer all people's church and how it came about, right? So early 1980s, grade nine to grade 12, he was going to schools and colleges, preaching the gospel. In 1989 onwards, he was doing his bachelor's degree in a certain place called Manipal. There he started a Believer's Fellowship and that again grew to about 250. What started with about two or three grew very quickly. And in 1990 to 2000, he started the pioneer, the International Students Bible Study Fellowship, led in church planning teams in the English and Hispanic churches in New Jersey. And he also served in small churches. Then in 2001 was when APC as a church was planted, pioneered APC while he was still running his own business. Then served full time, started serving full time from 2014 with the church. So as a church, what did we do? We started off in the city. We started one church and slowly we were able to branch out. So right now, if you look at APC as an organization, we have in Bangalore, we have five churches, five English churches. And we call them North, South, East, and West is basically the directions. So North, South, East, West, and you have a central church. So if you've seen the recordings of our services, that's the main church. And out of that were planted these other churches and they all were pioneered over time. They were started over time. Then what happened was in 2005, we started our Bible college. And so students started coming and studying in the Bible college and they would go back to their hometowns and then they were encouraged to start churches in their settings. So in that way, we were able to start churches in Bangalore and across our nation. And looking forward, we're also looking to start churches. Many more churches, not only in Bangalore, but also in different states in our nation. And we're also coming up with world missions where we want to plant churches across the world. So that's something that we are constantly praying and thinking about as well. So much of what we have put in this book is things that we've learned over time. Some things did work, a lot of them work, a lot of them didn't work. So we put down all of it so that we can all learn together. So if anyone over here, those who are online here, you feel that, hey, I'm not called to start a church. I'm just a housewife or I'm just a working professional. I want to encourage you, these principles that we are learning can also be used for a life group setting, a small group setting. You can also start a prayer group and you can do small things. You never know how God can, I love that word, never despise meager beginnings. We may think it's very small, but God can do big things about it. So we can use these principles wherever we are, workplace, at home and God can continue to empower us to be a blessing to the body of Christ. So let's look at the beginning of this. Would you want me to present the notes? Would it be easier for you that way or is it okay this way? I hope you're able to track along with the notes. But let me know if you want me to present the notes, I can do that. Yeah, you can let me know anytime. So for now we'll just start with the Holy Spirit, our leader. Let's read Acts chapter one and verse eight. Acts one, verse eight. Yes, any one of us can read Acts chapter one and verse eight. Acts chapter one, verse eight. But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you and you shall be witnesses to me in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria and to the end of the earth. Thank you, Rosalind. So we have mentioned this many times. The Lord Jesus is doing an important work now. He's finished his task. He's done what God the Father has asked him to do. And he tells the 120 people who are waiting in the upper room. One verse eight and you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you and then you will be my witnesses. Right? So the Holy Spirit is our leader. The Holy Spirit is our strength. The Holy Spirit, of course we learned the entire course and Holy Spirit is our guide. He will enable us to the task that we have. So when we talk about planting a ministry or pioneering a ministry, pioneering a small group or being an evangelist, whatever we want to do for God's kingdom. Remember, the Holy Spirit must be our leader. That which is born of the flesh will produce flesh. That which is born of the Spirit will produce spirit. Right? So Jesus is reminding the believers, see, you can do the church, you can build a church, you can start off. But for that, you've got to wait that the power of the Holy Spirit come upon you and only then you will be able to be a witness for God's kingdom. Right? So that's interesting. You and I, if God has put something in your heart, first go back to God. Get the foundations right. Go back, pray, ask the Holy Spirit how, when, where and he will speak to us. He will lead us over time. Now, the mistake that sometimes we may make is we may think, hey, you know, Holy Spirit is not saying anything. So I'll do whatever I want. I will start it off. Right? Or we may end up being in a hurry. That can cause confusion. That can cause a delay. Right? And so we don't want to do that. We want to be led by the Holy Spirit being sensitive to the Holy Spirit. Zechariah 4, 6 and 7. This is a wonderful verse. Let's read this verse. Zechariah 4 verse 6 through 7. Yes, go ahead. Anyone can read. Zechariah 4 verse 6 and 7. So he answered and said to me, this is the word of the Lord to Zechariah 4. Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit says the Lord, Lord of hosts. Who are you, O great mountain, before Zechariah 4? You shall become a plane and he shall bring forth the capstone with shouts of grace, grace to it. Yes. Thank you. Thank you Rosalind. So we see here, it's very interesting when you read this, you know. See, Zerubbabel has a task. He's got to build a temple now. Right?  He's saying, now if I build this temple again, the enemies are going to come and cause trouble. They're going to destroy it. They're going to destroy us. It's not going to happen. We cannot do it. So God speaks to the prophet Zerubbabel through Zechariah and says, Zerubbabel, it's not by might. It's not by power. It is by the Holy Spirit that you will build the temple. So did he go on to build it? Yes, he did. The God is very clearly saying it is not our might. It is not our strength. It is not our wisdom. It is not our talents. It is not our gifts. All these are channels that God can use. But it is by the Holy Spirit. So our first dependence on everything must be the Holy Spirit. Our dependence is on God and unless he builds our efforts will be in vain. Can you believe this? Imagine we start something of the flesh. God can make it grow. It can grow. You can start a church. It can grow. But imagine if it's of the flesh. What will happen? It will disintegrate. There will be no fruit. The Lord Jesus says, you shall be known by your fruit. Fruit is something that is long lasting. Psalms 127 and verse 1. It can open to John 15, 4 and 5 as well. Psalms 127 and verse 1. All right. Psalms 127 and verse 1. Okay, I'll read it. Unless the Lord builds the house, its builders labor in vain. Unless the Lord watches over the city, the watchmen stand guard in vain. Unless the Lord builds the house, the builders build it in vain. This is such a powerful verse. Unless the Lord builds it. If we are trying to build something, we are building it in vain. Right? John 15, 4 and 5. Yes. Would anyone like to read that? Abide in me and I in you as the branch cannot be a fruit of itself. Accept it. Abide in the wine. No more candy. Accept it. Abide in me. I am the wine. We are the branches. He that abide in me and I in him. The same brings forth much fruit. For without me, you can do nothing. Right. Thank you. So, Jesus here is saying, you abide in me. Rest in me. Because he ends that whole passage by saying, without me, you can do nothing. Right? That's a strong statement, right? Without me, you can do nothing. When you think about a church or you think about some ministry that you want to do. Jesus is saying, abide in me and I will abide in you. And when you abide in me, you will bear fruit. But if you don't abide in me, there will be no fruit. And without me, you cannot do anything. So, the picture painted is very clear. It is God who is the center. And it is God who decides. It is God who orchestrates and handles things in the church. Right? So, nowhere, you know, we may look at what is happening around us. There may be persecution.  The persecution may increase. Things may happen. But who's in control? It is the Lord Jesus. Because without him, we can do nothing. First Corinthians, again, is a wonderful, wonderful example. He says, it talks about, it labour one's souls. Another man waters, another man reaps. But all increase comes from God. We labour, right? But the increase comes from God. Now, if you want to start a ministry, there are things that we have to do. Right? We have to go. We have to reach out to the people. We have to do the practical things that are involved. We have to labour. We have to labour in prayer. We have to ask God. We have to pray for the surrounding areas. We have to pray for the city, for the nation, pray for leaders, pray for families. We've got to do all the labouring. When we labour, God increases. God, all increase comes from God. We can never come to a place and say, because I prayed to us, that's why the church grew. Or because I prayed for... Did 21 days of fasting and prayers for the church grew? No. Right? It's very easy for us to say that. Because of my anointing, the church grew. No. God increases the church. We labour, God increases. Now, how he increases, it's up to him. But it's not like God is favouring. Okay, I'll give these people 20,000 and I'll give these people 200. It's not like God is favouring. And it's not that we are not labouring. He may be labouring. But that's what God has ordained for us. We'll be faithful in that. Eternal fruit can only be gathered by engaging in eternal means. Let's read 1 Corinthians 3, 12 through 15. 1 Corinthians 3, chapter 3 verse 12 through 15. 1 Corinthians 3 verse 12 through 15. Now, if any man build upon this foundation, gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble, every man's work shall be made manifest.  If any man's work abide which he had built there upon, he shall receive that reward. If any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss. But he himself shall be saved yet so as by fire. Thank you, Javina. Now, the Apostle Paul is bringing a picture of the judgment seat of Christ when we will all stand in front of the judgment seat of Christ. And he says, he brings out this whole, he's like painting a picture to the believers. He's saying, you can build with gold, silver or precious stones. And this is what is building with, a building that comes from God. Then you got wood, hay and stubble. And he goes on to explain, and all of this will be tested by fire. So, precious stones, gold, silver, precious stones, doesn't lose its value, but wood, hay and stubble is going to burn down and ashes. So, basically, he's talking about eternal fruit. We can do many things. People may recognize us and say, oh, wow, you did a wonderful job. But if it is not done in eternal purposes, when God tests it by fire, it's going to be ashes. We'll not be rewarded for that. Right? Now, it does not mean that we don't, you know, use practical methods. We can't say, okay, Instagram is carnal method. God will test it by fire. It'll burn down. No. Right? So, there are different methods. We know that we are living in a time where digital marketing is definitely a place where we, as a church, we can reach out. Right? So, all of these are methods that we're going to use. Right? So, we have, like, as a church, we have Instagram, we have Facebook, we have YouTube, we have a church website, we have digital marketing platforms that we're also going to start new ones. So, there's so much that's happening. Now, then you've got, we've got other programs that we do, like worship evenings, we do fellowship lunch, or there's so many other things. Now, it doesn't mean that they are carnal. It doesn't mean they're, like, they're in trouble. Hey, it's nothing spiritual about it. No. So, we must understand that we are not depending on those methods for church growth. We are using the tools. We are using Instagram, Facebook, all of these, social media, and all the other methods. But we're not depending on it. Right? We are not depending on these for success. We are being good stewards of what God has given us. We are laboring. But we must also strike the balance that God, it is you who will build the church. I hope we are understanding this, right? Everyone with me? So, it's nothing wrong to use these mediums, or these, you know, these different methods of reaching out to people. The moment I think to myself, okay, Facebook or Instagram, oh man, why is nobody coming from here? Why, I spent so much money. I did digital promotions for six months. Nothing has happened. If I'm only thinking of that, then there's something wrong. Because I'm not depending on the Holy Spirit. Rather, our strategy should be God. We are going to do this, right? We are going to post probably an event on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube. Lord, we are going to do a worship evening. Lord, you let this to reach people. And Holy Spirit, you speak to people's heart that they would, and you will bring them at come. Now, this is, this would be the right way to deal with it. So, you're using the tools. You're using technology. You're using everything natural means. But your dependence is on the Holy Spirit, right? So, recently, just share this. Recently, we had a worship evening in one of our church locations. And we did newspaper inserts. About, I think it was 3,000 newspaper inserts. So, the worship evening, you know, the details would go into newspapers, which reaches the apartments of about 3,000 odd houses. Right? Now, during the worship evening, nobody, none of them came who had received the newspaper inserts. It went to 3,000. It was not like 1,000 people came out of the 3,000. No. But what happened was, it's not like we used carnal methods. We prayed. But what happened was, there was two, three couples who came to church. They said we received these invites. So, they came with the invitation. They came to church. They were very happy. They said, okay, we were the thing. Also, they got to know that the church is close by. So, was it a carnal method? No. We did what we had to do. We prayed God, the Holy Spirit led people to come. So, it requires wisdom to take a city. It requires wisdom. Let's read Proverbs 21, 22. Proverbs 21 and 22. Go ahead. Anyone can read? Proverbs 21 and 22. A wise man scales the city of the mighty and brings down the trusted stronghold. A wise man brings down, says a wise man attacks the city of the mighty and pulls down the strongholds in that place. So, when you and I are, God is calling us to minister to a certain city or to pioneer a ministry. We need the wisdom of God. The wisdom of God will enable us to make the right decisions in the right way. Especially now with all that is happening around us, especially in our nation, the nation of India, where we have the anti-conversion bill. We have things coming up. There's a lot of persecution, different places, different states of our nation. And we are a minority in our nation. So, we need the wisdom of God to reach a city. We cannot do it through carnal means. Because the carnal methods can only take us to a certain place. And then what is going to happen is we will tire out, we will stress ourselves, we will get burnt out. Meaning we will get so tired, we become weary, and we are not seeing results. We say, God, what is happening? It's a natural thing, right? Because it worked so hard, and we don't see results. But when we work hard, trust in God, depend on the Holy Spirit. You're free. You're not in a place of, you know, because I didn't do this or I didn't do that. That's why the church is this way. You're free. You're free to serve the people. You're free to minister to the people. Right? So, just a question here. What are some of the challenges we struggle with in learning to do both listen and depend on the Holy Spirit? What are some of the challenges as well as research, observe, strategize, and with wisdom, execute a church plant or a ministry? So, maybe I'll just leave this time open. What are some of the challenges we struggle in terms of listening and depending on the Holy Spirit? Maybe one or two of you can share your thoughts. What are some of the challenges you face? Now, it's not to, you know, embarrass you or to make fun of it, but it is just so that we can all learn together. So, maybe two of you can share. Then I can share one aspect as well. Anyone would like to share? What are some of the challenges you faced when it comes to learning to do both listen and depend on the Holy Spirit? Okay. Subashish says a hectic schedule. Yes. Very true. Hectic schedule where you don't have time to just wait upon the Lord. It may take hours and hours or months, years together. Then we got our work that we have to do. A hectic schedule. Anyone else would like to share? Challenges in learning to do both listening and depending on the Holy Spirit as well as research, observe, strategize and with Wisdom Initiative Church Plan. Okay. Jeffy says when you listen to others' judgment on how you handle the ministry, can you just explain how do you feel that? I think sometimes we listen to people we kind of want them to love how we do the ministry and want them to understand that we are doing it for God. I have seen not every time people gets it. Sometimes they feel like we are doing something wrong but we are kind of sure we are listening to the Holy Spirit, we are kind of sure. Like how the Bible says the way doesn't look like highway sometimes it's a good path and not everyone will like a good path. So I felt it even though I feel like this is the right choice. I'm doing it for God. Some people just don't accept it. They feel like you could have it better, you could have it the other way. You have these talents, you have these opportunities but I think God doesn't want a grand way always. He just wants us to obey even if it's little.  That's what I felt. Yes, that's so true. When we listen to others' opinions it basically overpowers the voice or the leading of the Holy Spirit. Thank you. John says so many opinions around yes. There's also the opinions where there are good opinions, there are good advice as well and then there is the opinions that can either encourage or discourage. That's good. When we try to do everything oh yes, so true. We try to do everything ourselves. Very true. Maybe I'll share one and it's still open to others. I think one of the challenges for me was being in a hurry not waiting at the right time. Just being in a hurry. I said, God, okay you put this in my heart. I know it's the Lord but I didn't discern the timing. I know it's God. I know that God has spoken to me. I know that he's giving me the push but I didn't hear from him when. I know the how. He has ministered he has spoken to me but I don't know when so I've done it in a hurry and it led to there were challenges because of that. Sometimes it's also God speaks but you've got to understand how to read God's timing, read God's clock and know how to read his calendar as well. That was one of the challenges that I had struggled with. Comparing and feeling you're not doing it, oh comparing yes, comparing also yes. Right. When your ministry for God becomes a priority than having a relationship with God. Yes, very true. Now how many of us have gone through this? When your ministry for God becomes a priority than having a relationship with God. It leads us to a place of self. Right. And now sometimes we may feel okay this I'm doing ministry for God. I'm doing God's work. I'm doing God's ministry but then we're not able to spend time with God to hear about the ministry. Now for example you know somebody wants to start a church. So when we start off we are always praying, we're always seeking God, we're seeking his guidance and then the church grows, the ministry grows and then there are a lot of you know a lot of people have joined the church, then the workload increases as pastors or leaders you become busy and we sometimes you know we compromise I would say by saying that okay, if since I'm doing ministry for God, I don't have to spend two hours in God's presence. It's counted, it comes under that bracket. Or a counseling session may come under the bracket of ministry. Yes it's true but when the priority is ministry and not a relationship it will cause damages right. So God what will happen is we may end up taking the wrong step and Rosalind says when we are not being supported by our elders and our pastors right it can overpower us, our mind gets confused we feel why is this happening so yeah, all answers are true, all answers and though the learning is that you and I as believers we must learn to both listen and depend on the Holy Spirit right. So anyone else would like to share or should we just go to the next portion and then we have a good term okay, let's go to the next portion definition and objectives of church planting. Now, Matthew 28 18 through 20 common, common verse let's read that, Matthew 28 18 through 20 this is the last words of the Lord Jesus before He ascended into heaven Matthew 28 18 to 20 and Jesus came and spoke to them saying all authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth go therefore and make disciples of all the nations baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you and lo I am with you always even to the end of the age. Amen Thank you Rosalind. So it says here that then Jesus came to them and said all authority on heaven and on earth has been given to me. So you go and preach the gospel baptize in the name of the Father Son and the Holy Spirit and be obedient to the Holy Spirit. So the Lord Jesus is giving the great commission to make disciples of all nations and so that is what the church is. The church is very less a building and I'm sure all of us know this. It's not a physical structure but you and I are the church when we see in the book of Acts we see how the church unfolds right when God gives a great commission it is so wonderful to see the establishing of community of believers the book of Acts if we see the first sermon preached by Peter right Peter preaches the first sermon Acts chapter 2 he addresses the crowd and then there was 3,000 people who were added to the church so they became a community of believers right and what happened it was a church plant at that moment the church in Jerusalem and in villages, towns and cities they went proclaiming the gospel of Jesus Christ so the church is meant it is a community of believers that are in one heart, in one mind and here it says that they went out proclaiming the gospel of Jesus Christ it was in these self-sustaining communities of believers that that disciples disciples were nurtured and equipped to make more disciples that's what happened and you see in the book of Acts the church 3,000 was added into the church in Jerusalem persecution arose people went across different places some went into Sumeria, some went into Antioch, in Antioch the church was started again a church that was started there were believers added to the church so apostles there were great miracles happening in the church again from there Paul and Barnabas go there, minister there from there they sent out apostles to different places and you see the church, the community of believers just going out reaching out starting new churches so a church plant is the establishing of a self-sustaining community of believers who are growing together as disciples of Christ a self-sustaining community of believers that's what a church is it could be 2, it could be 3, it could be 5,000 but it's a church a self-sustaining community of believers who are growing together as disciples of Jesus Christ hosting God's presence influencing their city so others may come to know about Jesus and be nurtured as disciples that is what the church is so when we look at church planting this should be in our mind it should not be okay I wish all this is part and parcel the main intention should not be okay one day I will have a vision it's good to think big but that is not the focus one day I will have a stage with stage lights and this whole band on the stage and I will be preaching 10,000 people sitting that's good not against it but what does it say here a church is a self-sustaining community of believers for what for growing and discipling each other in the Lord to be to influence their city to influence their region and to nurture people from being just believers mature from being babies in Christ to making them mature in Christ what does it mean to be self-sustaining self-sustaining is basically involves leadership in the church leadership is important imagine a church with no leader what will happen is chaos to make one decision 10 people should come now all 10 people will have all 10 different opinions when will the decision be made a leadership is important strong leadership 2. self-sustaining church is a church that is able to sustain itself financially I want to say this a church we are doing God's work we need money obviously we cannot do ministry without money we need money for everything and financially God will bring us to a place initially if it's a church plan obviously we cannot do big things we cannot think of big things but as we are growing we become a self-sustaining body of Christ and then we become a community now it takes time for a community of believers that is a church plan to become self-sustaining but we must work towards it so for example you start a church you start a ministry let's say you start a church this church is 5 people the vision should be one day in this church I will have good leaders who can lead different areas of ministry two one day we will have funds to support ourselves to do various events, conferences and to reach out to people across our city and our nation three is we will be a community we will be there for one another to support and strengthen one another now all of these three things may take time it may take 2 years it may take 5 years but again it depends on the pioneer it depends on how we as pioneers are leading the ministry are we raising up the right leaders are we showing integrity in our finances are we building a community a sense of oneness among the church so all of this depends on the pioneer that's you and I we are leading the church what are the objectives let me just close quickly some of the objectives of planting local churches is to establish and host the presence of God to disciple new believers influence the region and multiply and grow to become more and more churches to be established right so we've completed chapter 1 and 2 today as we go forward it starts getting more interesting we'll dive deep into the other aspects in church planting so we'll stop here and we will catch up I think our next class we have 2 hours in the week for urban church planting so I think we'll catch up for the next class and start off with chapter 4 which is God's heart for the cities thank you so much have a great day ahead God bless you all so if you have any questions as well we can answer that next week thank you, God bless thank you God bless


Let me show you a handy application of NFC technology for embedded electronics. With the help of an NFC dynamic tag, you could access any electronic device and you could also interact with it easily with your NFC enabled smartphone. So for this demo, we have taken the ST25DV Discovery board and placed it inside the washing machine front panel to simulate the real life product. So the machine has been running fine for a number of months and let's imagine that suddenly breaks down and I want to fix it quickly but there's no technician available right now and also sending technician out in the field comes at a cost for customer help centers. So what if I could easily download the important information with my smartphone such as the controller board number or the exact error code. Upon receiving this data, the support center could tell me how to fix the problem or could decide to send a technician. So with the simple remote assistance, you have seen that you can unlock the machine with your smartphone which turns into a useful trouble shooting tool. I could even update the firmware on the board running on my machine with NFC. Now let's talk about another use case of NFC that could be used for auditing devices in the field for example. Let's take an automated laundry owner who owns multiple equipment and would like to monitor the daily usage of his machines. So with the ST25DV fast transfer mode, the mailbox mechanism will come into play and allow communication between the STM32 and your phone through the dynamic tag. This memory buffer can send up to 256 bytes of commands. You have seen the data now uploaded and the requesting information appears on the phone screen. Password protection is also possible to ensure that only the right people have access to your information. So to sum it up, we have seen that with RFID NFC technology, you can add two advantages to your products. The first one is that the factory when boards are ready to be shipped and you can still program them. And the second advantage is that you continue to benefit from your NFC circuit once the product is already in the field and you rely on the NFC technology that is already in your phone.


Hello OscillatorSync here and today we are back with the NoRam Mono. In the last video we took a fairly deep dive into looking at some of the sound design potential on this rather interesting mono synth and how every single knob on the front panel here essentially has its own LFO and envelope and what that allows you to do from a sound design perspective. In this video I want to expand upon some of the sound design ideas but also dive into a little bit more on the sequencer side of things because again in the same way that the controls sort of make it look like there's not like a whole lot going on in here similarly the sequencer looks like it's pretty basic but actually has some really really very very cool tricks up its sleeve. So what we're going to do on the way to exploring the sequencer and some more sound design ideas on the mono in a bit more depth today is as you've probably guessed from the thumbnail and title of the video we're going to turn this synth into a drum machine. Now it's pretty much my favorite thing to do with a synth, turn it into a drum machine and I've certainly done it a number of times on the channel because I think it's fun, I think it's a little bit funny to do it to be honest in some cases but also trying to get a synth to do things that on the surface it's not really designed to do necessarily is a really really fantastic way to get a really in-depth understanding of all of the features that the synth has so I'm hoping that along the way turning this into a little drum machine we can learn some useful interesting tricks as well. One thing that's definitely worth noting before we get going actually is that this synth has a feature called Mod Notes and what that allows you to do is assign a different patch to each note on the keyboard and then sequence those notes in the sequencer and you basically get a different patch on each step so something a bit like sound locks on an electron box something like that and that would be for sure definitely one approach that you could take for creating a drum machine you create a bass drum patch you create a snare drum patch you create a hi-hat patch and so on and then you just sequence them across this sequencer. That's an absolutely legitimate way of doing it and arguably a very sensible way of doing it as well that's not how I'm going to do it in this video because it means that I can't show off a bunch of features about the sequencer so we're not going to be using Mod Notes in this example instead we're going to be doing everything on a single patch and then using the sequencer to manipulate the patch in real time to get our various different sounds which is a different approach and people might have their opinions on whether or not it's the better approach but that's the approach that I want to take in this video because I personally prefer it I think it's more interesting and more performative in the real time as well so yeah Mod Notes is an option it's just not one I'm taking today. Oh just in the interest of transparency and now I've sent the mono over to me to make some videos on but I've not otherwise been paid and they've got no say in any of the video content that I make nor have they asked for that and as always I just won't feature stuff on the channel that I don't think is interesting and cool and as I mentioned in the previous video I really do think this is a very interesting synth indeed so let's make a drum machine out of it shall we? So in terms of the goals I'm setting for myself here I want a kick drum I want to snare hats and then other electronic percussion types of some metallicky stuff some woody stuff maybe some tom type stuff if we're feeling a bit fruity also just for your interest in the interest of I was going to say for the interest of brevity but we all know that's unlikely on this channel I'm going to stick to just 16 steps on the sequencer each pattern can go up to 64 steps though on on the mono and you can also do odd number meters as well so if you want to do things outside of sort of four four that's perfectly possible work just as I say for the interests of sort of keeping it more simple to demonstrate the concepts here we're just going to stick to 16 steps so let's get started so let's start by making ourselves a kick drum sound because that's always a good place to start I think so we'll just use one oscillator for this so we'll just turn down oscillator two we'll just have oscillator one halfway because remember we can drive into the filter so unity is about half here so I'm just on the initialized patch here and I'll go over to a sine wave on oscillator one there let's open up the filter just for a second there are actually some harmonics in this sine wave it's not pure sine because it's difficult to do pure sines on analog so let's let's assume that we just want to get this nice and low so we'll tune this down low but we'll still tune it to C I think that's a good place to start and let's give it that classic pitch envelope that you have on a sort of electronic kick so we'll make sure we've got the frequency selected here and we'll come over here to the X end and we'll just crank the amount just so we can hear it attack down decay moderate yeah that's sort of getting there we'll give it a longer decay and the reason we're going to give it a longer decay at the moment is because we might want to have incidental things happening within the notes because we can do that on the mono but we can tweak that as we go along let's also give this a bit of a push into the filter hello oh that's meaty isn't it yeah that's what we tweak the cutoff while we're fencing places where distorts in a really nice way that's that's pretty big isn't it um and of course we can get different flavors of it with our wave shape here great okay so let's just pop a couple of steps down like maybe something like that as a place to start so that's a good kick drum sound I think to get us started no complaints about that but now to drive the filter just makes things real meaty it's almost too big okay so that's our kick drum so let's get our snares happening next now one thing you might have noticed looking at the front panel of the mono is that there doesn't appear to be noise and you kind of want noise for a snare drum and for hats indeed as we get there and yes as in terms of sound sources there aren't but we do have on the X mod a sampling hold random source as a modulation and we can also send it into audio rate which will essentially give us noise one way or another and if we apply that to another another parameter a suitable parameter on here we can get noise going on so I thought what I would do and I'll just bring everything up just for a second but we'll start tweaking things it's a pretty cool bass sound already is actually applying noise to the frequency of oscillator 2 to get some noise happening here so if I just select frequency on oscillator 2 as our context for our X mod if we turn up the amount here okay so there's our pitch modulation going on there and if we press the wave there we go so now we have a random source on here as the wave shape obviously at the moment this doesn't sound like noise but if we tap type twice that'll guess into audio rate and we can get noise this way if we tune this differently right be able to get something a little bit higher pitched something like that now how are we going to get this into our sequencer in a way that works now probably the probably the easiest way of doing it is to actually automate the oscillator 2 knob but I kind of I do want to do that but I want to put another layer on top of that but let's let's do that first so so let's pop down places where we want some some snare so maybe on there so on five and twelve can be where our snares are happening now obviously at the moment we're hearing a bunch of kick drums with all of our snares which we don't necessarily want and we're also hearing a lot of snare with all of our kicks which again we we probably don't necessarily want so what I'm going to do is I'm going to turn oscillator 2 back down and introduce one of the features of the sequencer here which is that we have essentially parameter locks if people have played with electron gear I know a lot of viewers on my channel probably have this will be very familiar to you so on electron gear you can hold down a step in the sequencer and we can lock a parameter to a particular position on the mono it's slightly different actually because you're not locking the actual parameter position what you're doing is you're locking an offset from its current position which means rather usefully you can tweak the parameter that's locked and it will just sort of move itself into its new position which allows you to be a little bit more performative than you can maybe be on the electrons where sort of if you're tweaking a filter and you have the filter locked on a step it's going to jump back to exactly that place every time there are advantages to both approaches I like the fact that it's that the mono's gone with this approach so we've turned oscillator 2 down and so we want to get our snares on five so we can hold down step 5 and we can turn up our oscillator yeah and we want it on 12 as well we do the same what's quite neat while you're tweaking stuff is that you can kind of hear where it is okay so now we've got some stuff going on there we probably don't want to have the kicks happening or not as loud on these ones so we could also turn down the kickers so at the moment this is quite a digital sounding thing it's not necessarily hitting the way that I want it hit at the moment so one other thing that I might do is rather than have um this um x mod affecting the frequency at all times let's actually set it up so that the x mod amount is affected by the x n so we can get more sort of snappy sound on the snare that also will allow us to repurpose oscillator 2 to do other things as well so to do that so at the moment the amount is just a fixed amount if I hold down funk and tap these two buttons you should notice he says as it doesn't make sure I'm just selecting the right thing that's because I'm pressing pattern actually yeah so hold down funk tap those two buttons and you can see here that the amount knob is now flashing what that means is if I can turn this down and if I play we can hear our unaffected oscillator 2 now and if I turn up the effect here you get more dynamics into it okay so that's getting somewhere now now I might not want this to actually be happening on every step either so if I turned up oscillator 2 to be getting that sound happening on the kicks as well so we can go one step further here and we can unlink the x end from the notes which I showed in the previous video so if I hold down these two steps and tap on just those two we don't hear any difference but now if I turn up oscillator 2 now we might want to also now set these steps to be a shorter note length which we can do and now we're sounding a bit more like we're getting some more sort of drum machine stuff going on so kick into that let's get some hi hats in so hi hats are pretty easy from this perspective because we've kind of got our noise source already and it's just going to be like a higher pitched and probably shorter noise sound so let's maybe pick a higher note and we put one on three seven and fifteen that'd be where our hi hats are going to be so where those high notes are right so on these steps we're going to want to get rid of our kick drum altogether so we can and we're going to want to turn up our noise source and we're going to want to make sure that we're triggering our noise on the filter on the frequency of this oscillator so we can select this one come in here and put down trigger steps for the envelope here yeah we want to make it shorter so we can tweak the decalings for these and we probably want to make these a little bit sort of more high-passed perhaps or band-passed so we can actually lock the color control on the filter which is going to give us rather than low-pass we can have band-pass or high-pass let's try we're going to have a high-pass cool and perhaps we want this lesson to be a little bit more snappy give variation in there cool and let's um now we've got this one snappy let's also introduce another feature of the sequencer which is that we can ratchet notes as well so to ratchet a note you hold down the step that's a long stretch for step 15 so hold on the step and funk and then we've got this ratchet control on the decay knob down here and depending on where we set that we get more ratchets hi-hat's a bit loud at the moment I think so let's just turn them down a bit that's just so and because we've locked the hats to be more high-passed we can kind of take the rest of the kit out because that's all low-pass but still have the hi-hats in there which is cool okay uh and you can see here as an example I've just turned the decay up all the way or a lot higher and you can hear that our hats have got longer as well but they're still shorter than the other stuff so that's kind of what we're talking about with this sort of offset approach here pseudo reverse stuff as well with the attack really tight snappy stuff okay um let's get some sort of woody sort of metal sort of percussiony type stuff in here as well because this is starting to sound like a real thing I think okay so let's get some sort of woody plucky metallicky type stuff and that's all going to be down to sort of uh frequency modulation and audio rate modulation I think so let's um maybe let's use the uh volume of oscillator to induce some audio rate modulation of that as a way of getting some um metallicky kind of stuff in it so uh let's just put down on step six let's put down a friend there do you know what I quit quite just like that zap okay we'll get to the woody stuff in a second uh happy little accidents and all that I like that little zap there but maybe we don't want it every single time uh so yeah it's a good opportunity to uh to show off another feature of the sequence here so in the same way that we have uh ratchet we also have the ability to do probability the ability to do probability uh so if I hold down function and six and then the attack knob over here where I just turn this up this turning it up increases the probability that it will be skipped or lowers the probability that it's going to play depending on which way you want to look at so if we want it like 50 percent of the time stick in the middle and hopefully yeah skip to that time skip to that time law of averages means we're going to get this time no no it just doesn't want to come back now it will do there we go um and then we get a couple of times so we can put in these sort of interesting uh randomized bits in there okay so let's get back to sticking like a woody metallicky type plucky friend uh in here somewhere so um let's maybe just stick down something on step 11 here okay um so um what should we do on on this here let's maybe take our kick out on that step and slice it two up and um yeah how are we going to get some audio rate stuff going on here uh perhaps we can audio rate modulate the uh cutoff that might be a good way of doing it um so select our cutoff as our knob of interest and if we double tap type to come into audio rate and turn up the event we can get some interesting something on there cool yeah that's doing the trick but again we don't want this to be happening all the time that we're playing so we'll do what we did with our noise which is first um we will um have our x and be responsible for doing that modulation so funk and double tap there we'll make that flash turn that up turn the attack down okay somewhere something like that so you can kind of hear that there's like a fade in you might be wondering what's going on there and so did I uh for quite some time uh and what that is is that because the audio rate x mod is linked to the frequency of uh oscillator one and we are modulating the pitch of oscillator one we are getting uh a frequency change at the start which is kind of giving this effect of a um fade in it's not really a fade in it's just that the frequency has been modulated two different ways so the next thing we want to do is have this happen on every single uh step so we can unlink the x and and just have it on the stuff that we're interested in so that one for example okay um and uh perhaps we want this to be snappier cool just a little throaty little sound shall I like probably get that more throaty by also maybe locking resonance up on that one oh nice yes little wet little that's so cool yes uh that's awesome okay uh so uh let's hold down funk and uh maybe not have that every single time so just a property that's such a cool little sound love it okay um right we've got some more steps so let's put some stuff on other steps um so one thing I think that is a real simple thing that we could do is just maybe put like a higher note on one of these steps over here like maybe put that like really really short there and maybe again not have that happen every time and how about we try um try to get like a reverse simple thing going on um so maybe on step 10 turn down our kick turn up our oscillator to do and we also want the filter modulation for our noise happening there don't we so let's make sure we drop one of those on there turn up the attack except it's not going to reach for it each time because we've already got this kick drum happening so it's probably not the right step to do that on let's try it on step eight instead and also remove and we're done a short one isn't it so again turn that down turn that up there we go so by parameter locking the attack there get that sort of swoop up thing happening going and we don't want that every time so again probably much less than 50 percent and then we can jam a little bit okay what else can we do what else can we do let's get some more general movement going on here perhaps so obviously we can jam with stuff in real time but it might be nice to have some things just moving around generally so um um by having this wave control change over time might be um an interesting way just to get some slow variations into things so let's select the wave control here and on the x-mod just with it down slow make sure it's in the middle and turn this up full we should get some interesting variations going on there like that um we can also maybe do the same with this one but just not as far and perhaps we want that tempo synced instead so we've got this knob selected tap type one for tempo sync just a tiny bit on variation just turn it down that's fun what else can we have moving um the FM does some interesting stuff just sort of tonally so maybe have that moving just a tiny bit as well again slowly keep things interesting I really like on the filter here that we have this sort of in between points where we can get a bit of band pass and a bit of light pass or a bit of band pass and a bit of sorry a bit of low pass and a bit of high pass which is kind of like a notch filter we can use that to get a bit more clarity without compromising that bottom end we should pop a little bit of reverb we've got some delay over here which is the flash button too let's see what that sounds I just love using synths in the wrong way because I don't think you come you don't get these types of drum machine sounds by using a drum machine perhaps we'll throw just a couple more steps in here just because we can lock some stuff in here one thing that I haven't shown on here I don't know if it will come up nicely is that we also have micro shift on steps so we've got that on there we can actually set it off by make it come early or come late yeah so yeah there's there's other stuff we could do in here we could check accents in here and we can choose what the accents do might be an interesting way to get other variations in here as well I really love these tight sounds that you can get with it anyway um as you can probably tell I could play with this all day and probably will when I stop recording but I think we'll probably leave it there for today hopefully this has demonstrated some of the fun stuff we could be doing with the mono that is certainly not common 303 mono synth type stuff yeah so I hope you enjoyed that if you did then as always a like and a subscribe is massively appreciated and let me know in the comments what else you'd like to see from the mono because I'm happy to show off cool synths as much as I possibly can and this is as I say a very cool synth but until next time thank you so much for joining me and until next time take care


Hi, and welcome to theCUBE. I'm Peter Burris. I'm with Wikibon Silicon Angle, and today we're on site, on the ground at Oracle Headquarters to ultimately have some conversations with some users and some consultants about some of the things that they're doing in the big data universe. And right now, we're starting with Tony Cassidy, who's the CEO of Retease. And Tony, you're doing some really interesting work with the Irish Post, which means you've come a long way to be here. So thanks very much for being on theCUBE. How you doing? I'm good, I'm good. A little bit jet lag, but I'm here today anyway, and I'm wide awake and bushy tailed, so let's talk a bit further about the on-post journey. So tell us about it. What is it? Basically, it's a journey that started about six years ago. We started with a BI project in there. Basically, every good BI project becomes a program, which effectively happened. Thereafter, we started delving a bit more into the data layers in on-post and working with the IT function and the business. And from there, we ended up in more of a journey in terms of BI into big data. So we're on the evolution path. We've covered off the BI piece. We've got into enterprise performance management as well. We've done all the integration in terms of a new data layer and exit data with the full stack, et cetera. So 12C multi-tenant database. We've moved into advanced analytics, and we've got advanced compression, which gives a core stack for the essence of big data on a contextual data layer. Because they do more than just the big data on that platform. They use it for wider consolidation as well. And then after that, we look at the BI side of the house. It's improved dramatically since we've put the new data layer in there and exit data. So the performance times and ETLs, the batch times, the new Golden Gate aspect on the change data capture. This has all enhanced the overall initial BI program. And it's now platformed us to move to big data. So we have a journey mapped out, and we're here to present on that. That's the reason we're at Biwa. So we presented on this a number of user group events, center oracle events in Europe and also in Open World recently. So it sounds like the essence of the journey is, and Post, which is the Irish Post, has a set of BI capabilities in place, and they're trying to extend that. Now, we know that there's, if we take a look at the analytic space, there's reporting, there's dashboarding, which is often associated with traditional data warehousing, and now there's these big data capabilities. From your perspective, where is that line between the dashboarding or the BI stuff and the big data? What is that journey going to do? I think the line is very much drawn, and we've delivered the dashboarding and the disseminated information through hierarchical structure and data governance in the organization. And that's delivered under what was known and what is still is known, even in this digital world, as a BI solution center, a BI company center. And it's few and far between that you find a very successful one. We're celebrating that we have that. So the line is drawn that we're moving towards self-service analytics, so more about getting the visualizations and infographics out to the end users and letting them, you know, define their own representations in terms of visualizations and reporting. Because they've got the mainstream KPIs, PIs throughout the organization. That's very structured. And now we need to move to the more self-service basis. Any journey involves a lot of parties, a lot of decisions, a lot of moments of success or failure. Tell us a little bit about the community that ended up being built between Vertice and and Post, from a business standpoint, technology standpoint, et cetera, to at least ensure that when you start it out, you are moving in the right direction. Okay, so I'm a simple guy, so I use simple things. So for me, it's quite easy. It's a Venn diagram. You need three people involved in that room, and it's the partner article. And first and foremost, the client. So with that, we put that in play from the outset when we joined with six years ago. We continue to do that and we will continue to do that in the future. We make sure Oracle is very much integrated into our future proofing, our architecture, and also that it's an amiable basis for for and post progress with both their business requirement and business need mapped to what the Oracle product set is. So that's very much about those three people having that Venn diagram relationship in the center point being the success for us and how we do everything with every customer base. So Oracle brings some of the technology expertise, you're bringing some of the process and methodology expertise, and the customer is bringing what they want the solution to be. Is that kind of how the roles are set up? Pretty much. That's a good way of putting it. But we actually do quite a bit of the tech hands on and the architecture as well. But we do need to go back to Oracle because we are a pure play Oracle partner. We only deliver Oracle. That's all we specialize in and never change. So that's why we need to make sure everything we put out there is as good bastions of Oracle technology, but more so for the customer to ensure that they get what they need and matches that business requirement, not just now, but also in the future when they come up with the new requirements like self service analytics, like big data, starting to look at the social media feeds, starting to work on externalization of the data. So a data exchange to their customer base, which we're actually working on at the minute. So these new digital innovations around the new digital marketplace are starting to come into what was a traditional BI CompSY center solution center. And now we have to make it work for the customer. Well, that suggests that there's going to be a lot more data flows, a lot more sources, many of which may not be as predicted. They will emerge. How are you establishing an overall framework and architecture? What type of separation are you having between the various control data and other elements of this to ensure that you can plug new sources in, support new flows and ultimately deliver on the business results that Anthos is looking for? It's a very good question. In terms of particularly the client, we were fortunate that we did data discovery exercises a number of years back in relation to the different stakeholder elements. So we knew the finance and what their data sources were then. We knew what retail were, we knew what males were and operations were and HR were. So with that, we were able to identify the different data sources in the data landscape. So from that, with those early data discoveries that put us in good stead, we knew what was structured, what was semi-structured and what was unstructured. We knew where we were going to deliver the most value to the customer. And then we knew in some areas there was less value, but there were maybe some inherent value that could be used at a later stage. So we already kind of know what we're looking for in the data landscape in relation to the big data within the context of their organization. But we also know that what we're going to look out to in terms of the digital media and social media feeds as well. Now, Tony, you're either from Ireland or you're from Boston. That's a good one. I never had that one before. But how is, you know, every set of efforts involve a degree of complexity and a lot of skills. How is the local community within Ireland for both from an expertise standpoint, a knowledge of how to collaborate, how to deploy these methodologies? Are you able to find the talent you need locally and is that something that is likely to become a source of uncertainty for end post? No, it's a good question. I'm very glad you asked it, actually. So we started at the height of our session about seven years ago. That's when we started the organization. And I recognized that we didn't have enough architects of this ilk in the area to support what we needed in country. That was then, there's quite a few more now, obviously, since the market's grown and we've come out of our session, which brings with it new people have been in the marketplace. So what we did was form a kind of pan-European hub of resources. So we looked across Europe and we hired from Iberia and France and Germany and Italy. We brought it into Ireland. And that makes sense in the Irish context, because Dublin itself is pretty much a hub for IT. So it's like a mini Silicon Valley as such. And it's well recognized for that. So that let us get these people into the area to work in our area that already had a good set of skills. And since they joined us, we built in those. I always say somebody comes in good, they leave great. So we've built up the team as such to a sizable amount, which covers on post and all other customers. And we're actually in a sporadic period of growth and looking to multiple customers in both the big business analytics and big data area. So we're happy. I think on post, we're happy that we're delivering everything and looking forward to more. And they're bringing on more with their own innovations and change. On posters. Yes, it's a time of change for them as well. We very much welcome them. They've looked out to market as well. They went through deregulation a couple of years ago. And they look at the overall structure and organization, which is ongoing at the minute. But we already kind of have mapped out some technical innovations that we think can really assist them just by our own insights, not just the technical people, but people that have worked with a number of clients over the last 20 years to understand how change applies to a customer and how we can take them on that technical journey as well, that change journey. It's a chicken and egg kind of a question, but I'm going to ask it anyway. Is end posts ability to acquire these new sources of data, driving some of those changes, or is end posts need for change, driving the adoption of some of these new data capabilities? It is a good question, chicken and egg one, but I think they go hand in hand. I can't separate the two, and I think it's just a balancing act, basically, because they have a lot of the data in that data landscape I mentioned earlier on. From a few years back, we did those exercises. So we know we've got a degree of confidence there, but also the new data sources are out there, and it's just a balancing act, and I think we're already quite mature in how we're going about that. Historically, and the reason I asked the question is historically, technology professionals tended to be engineers who executed based on somebody else's vision of what was going to happen. When we started moving to this big data world, now we're seeing, I think, and I think you would agree, now we're seeing technology people actually participating in the strategy process. What is possible as a consequence of what we can do with data? Is that happening both with you and your role, and your company's role, for TISA's role, as well as some of the technology people that you're working with at OnPost? Are they becoming more involved in the strategy of the overall organization? I really like that question, because the affirmation is there, that we're a third party, we're the consultants, we advise, and we do as best we can, and it seems to be working. In terms of the recognition internally, the need for people working in data, digital area, I think that's coming, I think it's on the cost of change, and I think that the guys have recognized they needed the changes in the IT function, which is the group technology area. And I think the guys have already planned for that, so I think it's a very pertinent question and a very apt one. So Tony, I want to thank you very much for being on theCUBE. You've come a long way to tell us about OnPost's journey to new analytics with Vertice. So Tony Cassidy, CEO of Vertice, thank you very much for being on theCUBE. Thank you, Peter.