In this video, we will talk about charts. Let us look at here. Is this the right way to represent the information? This is a pie chart. This is a stacked bar chart. It is good. It is a lot of information. Just take a moment and think why this is not the right way to represent. The reason is there are too much information and although there are each and every colors, but still too much information for someone to observe it. I know that data might be of really complicated data. We are putting a nice pie chart. Still, we are making more complicated for students to understand or the end users to understand. Maybe how do you compare these two colors? So, what this color means, we have to look at it. So, there are a lot of complications in this particular type of representations. Similarly, in this particular charts, I want to see how this particular one variable is changing over the time and it is not easy for me to make the inference from the data. So, what type of charts to use and what are the types are there? So, there are many more types of charts or plots or graphical representations, basics ones like bar charts, stacked bar chart, pie chart, histogram, box plot, scatter plot and line charts. And when we can use these charts and when we cannot use the charts. So, we will go into each of these types of charts in detail. First, we will start with bar charts. Bar chart is nothing but pictorial representation of consisting of rectangles, represent a variable values, a different context like a time, place, etc. And it is most frequently used and it is very easy to comprehend. So, we use bar chart, we saw that everywhere. So, it is kind of this. Like I was talking about the average marks over several years, 2015, 2016, 2017, if we have a particular course and the particular course is average mark over say last 6 years, you can draw this graph chart. So, this bar chart tells you that the students performance in 2015 and 2019-20 is comparable but 2016 batch did really good. You might have did some new teaching strategy, the students are exceptionally good, something happened there. You might know what is happened there that is the diagnostic context. But by just describing this data in a bar chart, you get some indication that something good here. And here these two batches are consistently did good compared to the other three batches like 2015, 2019, and 2020. So, might be something happening in this two areas, something is reducing there. So, this kind of simple representation using rectangles is represented as a bar chart. It gives an inference that comparing one year data to other year data and different times. Also, this is most frequently used and easy to understand. So, you know bar charts, just give an example also. Now, consider when to use this bar charts and when not to use this bar charts. At least we have done two points for when to use and we have done two points for when not to use bar charts. After you writing down your answer, there should be to continue. So, when to use bar charts, like it is while tracking the variable, development of variable from say year 1 to year 2 to year 3, you can use it. For example, year child's growth in every year, every exams or the child's growth in every month, something like that. And while comparing two quantities over time, for example, you want to compare absentee rate of boys and girls in different grades, you can these kind of charts. So, here the boys data is like in a light gray color and black color in the girls data. So, you can compare this data. So, we can say consistently the absentee rate has been across grades, it is higher for boys. And class 9 students absentee rate is less compared to the class 12 students. So, you can infer more information from this graph. So, to compare and also to show the trained also to compare the data several years, the bar charts can be used. When not to use bar charts, when using more than two variables or if you want to compare students performance in seven courses of average over years. So, when you use more than two variables, better not to use the bar charts. Also, when you wish to depict the contribution made by each individual towards total quantity, bar chart is not useful information. And bar chart will not show all the statistical information of the data you provided. For example, it is case average. Who got the minimum score in that particular year? Who got the maximum score? Can we get the data on a bar chart? No. So, bar chart is not good to represent the contribution by each individual also to represent the statistical features of the data. Let us move on to pie charts. Pie charts is circular chart divided into slices. So, larger the slice, the more contribution it has made to the total quantity. Here is the example pie chart. Let us consider this is the distribution of emotions in online session. Let us consider the A is students engagement and this is students delight and less frustrated, confused board. So, if you want to represent out of the total time in the online session, say 20% of time students is engaged, 32% they are delighted and 12% they were frustrated and 12% bored. In 24% of time, they are confused. So, so data can be used to represent this kind of information. Students information in respect to the overall behavior of the students. So, similar to last activity, please pass this video and list down when to use pie chart, when not to use pie charts. So, for depicting the sections of whole that is representing the fraction of information compared to the whole information, the pie charts can be used. So, for example, in the class, what fraction of students got which grade in the class? For example, who got less than 10 marks towards the fraction, say that is a fraction of the values. And who got more than 50 marks, this is a fraction. So, to represent that the class distribution of marks is can be used pie chart. So, the important information in pie chart is make sure the sum of all the values equal to the total quantity, do not miss out the values and complete the pie chart. When not to use pie charts, we saw the example that last 6 years score, consider the average score is represented in the pie chart.  And also similar to bar chart, if you are interested on one particular type of data, one particular user's information, one user's contribution, pie chart may not help. In this video, we saw what is bar charts and what is pie charts. In subsequent videos, we will have a more detailed discussion on other type of charts. And also we will talk about which charts to be picked up for what kind of data. Thank you.


Good morning everyone welcome to our course where we are learning about you know the book of Hebrews right now Let's pray and we will continue with chapter 10 Let me just begin with the word of prayer Heavenly Father we thank you once again Lord for giving us this opportunity to Spend time in your word of God and father we know that Lord even as we engage with your word that Lord we will be changed by it or God we will be blessed by it and this morning Lord we pray that you will give us that revelation And and the depth of the understanding Father God so that Lord our lives Will be touched that our lives will be transformed we commit all things into your hands in Jesus name. We pray amen Let's go to Hebrews chapter 10 Maybe we left a few verses in Hebrews 9. I think last few verses We can quickly read it and then we can continue in Hebrews 9 the focus was on The blood of Jesus so we talked about the power of the blood of Jesus and how Though the earthly vessels of worship needed to be purified by the blood of animals and quite specifically here, you know, there is a mention of The the blood of bulls right bulls and there is that was I'm not able to find it Okay, anyway, the the blood of animals the blood of Jesus is what purifies The blood of once again verse 19 Where it says the blood of carbs and goats Right carbs and goats. So in this way the Objects of worship were purified, but the blood of Jesus is what purifies us and he has entered the heaven with his own blood So this much we've understood. Let's now read from verse 23 To 28 that would be the end of Hebrews 9 and then we can continue into Hebrews 10 So one of the quest one of us to please go ahead and read aloud Yeah Can read from verse 23 to 28 For Christ has not entered holy places made with hands which are copies of the truth But into heaven itself now to appear in the presence of God for us Know that he should offer himself often as the high priest enters the most holy place every year with a lot of unadorned He then would have had to suffer often see the foundation of the world But now once at the end of the ages he has appeared to put away seen by the sacrifice of himself and As it is appointed for men to die once but after this the judgment So Christ was offered once to bear the sins of mainly to those who Girlie wait for him. He will appear a second time apart from the force of ration Thank You, Zellie Here there is a repetition of the same thought of the purification that took place through the blood of Jesus and verse 23 says that The heavenly tabernacle is purified by something better Which is the blood of Jesus and then we saw how? Jesus died for our sins once and this is not something that he needs to repeat again and again And we've been saying we've been talking about Jesus as the high priest eight nine that he entered into heaven and you know, he makes He is there for us as a high priest. He represents us well and as a high priest He has entered in once, you know, if we don't need for him to keep doing this again and again So we looked at Jesus as the high priest mostly, but notice now There is an emphasis on him suffering and dying so verse 26 It says he has appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself so We we're observing that he is the high priest. He shed his blood And he is the sacrifice himself. So that's something amazing because so far we've not seen any of the priests being able to sacrifice themselves and pay for the sins of Forget about anyone else's they had to cleanse themselves before entering into the presence of God So it's only the Lord Jesus who could become a perfect sacrifice for us. So From verse 26 to verse 28 It shows us how God planned the redemption of the world So it says he then would have had to suffer often since the foundation of the world But now once at the end of the ages. So that is talking about The birth of our Lord Jesus here on the earth, you know, we talk about the at the fullness of time God Sent his son the Lord Jesus. So Jesus coming here for his earthly ministry is being spoken of And the plan of redemption where he became the sacrifice himself Okay, so that we understand the plan of redemption and notice Verse 27 here, uh, it says and it is appointed for men to die once but after this is judgment So generally this scripture is is um in the context here It is talking about the death of our Lord Jesus Christ, right? Uh that he sacrificed himself So it's in that context. However, uh, it very clearly States that when people die We die once so there's no question of uh, a reincarnation because in some philosophies people have that concept Where they believe that uh, you know in one life someone is Uh, a certain person and then they have another life and another life and many chances But the bible is quite categorical as far as Uh, uh, you know life and death is concerned and it says it is appointed for men to die once So that is the general rule or the general law where People are born and they die once Okay, so after this is judgment it says so, uh, when there are concepts of Being born once again in the world, uh Uh Sometimes people make that an excuse for living this life carelessly because you will get another chance as per those philosophies But that's not how it is. We know that there is judgment to follow after this one life that you and I live so, um We we can get this very clear understanding from verse 27 that ultimately people, uh men or human Beings mankind die once after that straight away, you know, um judgment is what we can foresee Then verse 28 talks about the return of jesus christ So it it shares that jesus died. He became the sacrifice So we know about him coming to the earth his earthly ministry and then it says he will appear a second time So that is about the second coming of our lord jesus christ when we say second coming You know you We may have this question like what are we? Addressing is it the secret coming of christ? Is it the second coming of christ? Well, all of that all of that we know that that is towards the end and that is the culmination of Of our life here on earth but surely he will come and He his authority and his power will be seen Like never before and that is something we can expect as believers and it gives us great Assurance and confidence that this is the god we serve That he demonstrated his love through his sacrifice Um and the perfection of his work as we've seen he did it once and that was good enough Right. So the perfection of his work and his his glory And his majesty as he comes back. So this Jesus is whom we have put our faith in now a little bit more about the sacrificial Um work of jesus continues in hebrews chapter 10 Let's read from verse one to verse three Please pick up sections and go ahead and read please. I I want to request everyone to be ready The things can never be these same sacrifices Which they offer continually year by year Like those who across Perfect for them would they not have these to be offered? For for the worship was first verified would have had no more consciousness of sins But in those sacrifices there is a reminder of sins every year Yeah, thank you. Zalee. I'll also read verse four And it says for it is not possible that the blood of bulls and goats could take away sins um, so the concept that we have here is about the Sacrifice of jesus being perfect or Jesus being the perfect sacrifice When we consider other sacrifices that uh the police made They had to repeat it often because it could not Perfect them forever Maybe for that one Entrance into the the presence of god into the temple It gave them that cleansing that they were able to go in but uh, they had to keep doing it over and over again Because there was no perfection in the sacrifice But now we are talking about perfection in the sacrifice of our lord jesus christ See verse three it says but in those sacrifices there is a reminder of sins every year So even if they did it they have to keep repeating it every year uh, and We all so the the first point is that The sacrifice of jesus is perfect That's the first Point for us here. The second point is The sacrifice of jesus um Is associated with the shedding of the blood of jesus okay, and when it comes to The blood of animals that was shared It could Power sins. Okay, so there is a term In atonement. They use that term cofer That means that The sins would be covered by the blood and then you know god would view us through the blood of those animals uh, representing An accepted sacrifice for god But in the case of our lord jesus What is the difference first? We said jesus is the perfect sacrifice That's what is coming out in these four verses Here's a second thought that's coming out in these four verses that second thought is the blood of jesus takes away sin Which the other blood could not do What could the blood of atonement of animals do? Cofer he brewed Power sin. There's a big difference Covering sin means sin is it's still there. It's not fully dealt with Okay, so you have to constantly keep covering In order to approach god but Now what has happened jesus became the perfect sacrifice and his blood Takes away sin Okay, big difference big difference. It's not uh Something temporary and god has done a permanent work Of removing sin, you know when we reach out to him. So that is what the writer is talking about So for a hebrew believer What they Should the kind of response they should have had to what is being spoken to them is like They must have been in amazement because a lifetime of practicing these rituals and All the you know temple worship Worship activities Now suddenly because of jesus coming in everything Had attained perfection and so they really did not need to go back to those things and they were just a shadow as we've been saying often and the hebrew believer Would have had to take notice that hey something greater is with with us now something more wonderful something more real something more perfect and Hopefully, you know that should have brought encouragement for the believer So that is something that the writer is doing Encouraging the discouraged hebrew believer. Let's keep reading. Let's go to versus five to eight here Could somebody please read this portion versus five to eight hebrew stem Therefore When he came into the world he said Sacrifice and offering you did not desire but a body you have prepared for me In burnt Offerings and sacrifices for sin you had no pleasure Then I said behold I have come in the volume of the book. It is written of me To do your will oh god previously saying sacrifice and offerings Burnt offerings and offerings for sin. You did not desire no hard pleasure in them Which are offered according to the law amen Amen. Amen. Thank you lubeka. So as it is reiterated once again The offerings that were made the sacrifices for sin that were made. They were not perfect Okay, but what god did is god was bringing in perfection through jesus And god gave him it says but a body you have prepared for me So we understand right that The sacrifice must be Uh a sinless lamb Isn't it that that's what was happening? But now comes a perfect sinless lamb of god And all that needed to be fulfilled. That is where jesus had to come in that physical body And uh, he had to make the sacrifice without that body. He could not have done it. Okay. So again christology substitution He substituted for those lambs and he became our perfect lamb and whatever was read right now versus five to eight It is it is quoted from sam 40 sam 40 versus six to eight Where prophetically jesus is proclaiming the insufficiency of earthly Sacrifices and offerings and then he recognizes that god has given him a body So that he can become that one time perfect sacrifice Okay, so quite understandable in itself. So we will move on Uh two versus nine and ten, but before we can get there. Uh, I see here on the chat A comment uh, jeffina says for when moses Had spoken sorry Oh, it's from hebrus nine. So we'll come back to this later Okay, then we'll come back to it. Let's proceed with hebrus 10 then We'll read verse nine and 10 I'll read it and the next section another person can become Then he said behold. I have come to do your will Oh god, he takes away the first that he may establish the second By that will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of jesus christ once for all so Same thing in continuation to it where jesus says, okay god, I am in obedience I am willing and see how Earlier it said sacrifice and offering you did not desire you remember the context of that That was more about obedience, but god desires obedience and now jesus is coming with obedience to make the sacrifice And that is so pleasing to the lord And in verse 10 He says that uh, you know the sacrifice that he makes the offering that jesus Makes through his own body that Is what sanctifies us and uh, he did it once for all for all of us now Let's go on to verses 11 to 14 Who would like to pick up and read please? This is 11 to 14 and every priest stands ministering daily and offering the bitterly the same Sacrifices which can never take away since but this man after he had offered one sacrifice persons forever sat down at the right hand of god From the time waiting till his enemies or made his food still for by one offering He has perfected forever those who are being sanctified Amen, praise god. So uh, this again is telling us about the perfection in the sacrifice of jesus Because his sacrifice his blood can take away the sins Okay, now just cover the sins so that we've understood and it talks about jesus as someone who completed That's the beauty jesus came imagine if he hadn't completed Right, but he completed the work so verse 12 says but this man after he had offered one sacrifice for sins forever Sat down at the right hand of god So this whole thing of sitting down at the right hand of god can only happen if he has Done the work that god sent him to do here. So he did it and In doing that we know verse 14 is saying that through one offering He has perfected forever those who are being sanctified So the statement is quite mysterious Because it says that he has already perfected But at the same time it says those who are being sanctified. So there is a uh, you know, like a continuous Tense in those who are being sanctified, but at the same time it says they have already been perfected So, how do we understand this when we study about who we are in christ? We know that Spiritually are standing with god is now different. We are In christ, we are redeemed. We are blessed. We are You know children of god, there are many things that we can talk about when it comes to holiness and sanctification We are made holy in christ jesus, okay So we've put that on in our spiritual being But there is also the living out of who we are in christ in our everyday lives So uh, spiritually there are these realities, but we have to also walk in it. So that's the way we understand it So it says he has already perfected forever Those who are being sanctified so living out that that holiness that has already been accomplished in the spirit Is what he is referring to here. So this is the work of jesus that one perfect sacrifice Has taken away our sins has completely Plensed us and he has completed his work and he's at the right hand of god right now And it states in verse 13 here that He's there waiting till his enemies are made his footstool. I think we discussed this earlier, isn't it? So he's already victorious jesus is already victorious But what is this waiting till his enemies are made his footstool? We understand that satan has some time on the earth Before he is completely bound and cast into the lake of fire. So that is what we are referring to So it doesn't mean that he's not defeated. It doesn't mean that he has power It just means that the binding You know like the complete Eviction of of the enemy will come later on but he's already defeated. He's already rendered powerless Okay, so that is our uh understanding from these scriptures. So we've seen Jesus as the Priest we've seen that the blood of jesus is mighty to take away sins We see that his sacrifice was so powerful that one time sacrifice was good enough There's no requirement for repetition of sacrifices So we'll move on to the next section here versus 15 to 18 Uh, I want to request someone else from the batch, please to kindly read I think zelly is red jeffina is red. Would someone else be able to read it? I'm not able to read Uh, sorry brother Not able to okay. I'm not able to read You're not okay. Okay. Okay. That's fine We'll be able to pick it up Okay, sure zelly. Please go ahead Was 15 to 18 But the holy spirit also witnessed to ask for after the after he had said before This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days says the lord I will put my laws into their hearts And in their minds, I will write them then he ends their sins and their lawless Did I will remember no no more now where there is remission of this there is no longer an offering for sin Okay, thank you. So, uh, this is just an extension of that perfect work perfect sacrifice that we are talking about we said the Work of jesus the blood of jesus took away our sins. So it's so perfect his work that Uh In verse 17 it says their sins and their lawless deeds. I will remember no more god has taken it away in such a way Okay, this is very powerful very powerful for us as believers. Uh, you know, we experienced this in our lives Uh, and imagine if we didn't experience this imagine if we had to live with the guilt of our sinfulness But thank god the way jesus has Granted us forgiveness is perfect perfect that god says It's not like he keeps us. He hides our sins and he brings it out each time. No, it's been removed I will Not remember god will not even remember our sins and our lawless deeds So in that manner god has taken away the the sins by the shedding of his blood And this perfect work of sacrifice verse 18 says, um because This the blood has been shed. There's a complete remission. There's a complete remission of our sins And therefore there is no need to make another offering Now this can also be looked at in this way, you know, there are philosophies in the world where where It It is believed that one person can make a little bit of remission And then another person has to come and make a little bit of remission. So that way what happens is Ultimately when you kind of consolidate all the work, then The complete remission happens and you know, man can experience salvation But jesus did not need any other person to come and add to his work The way his Sacrifice Cleansed us for gave us in the sight of god bought us back Right There was no need for a third person or a fourth person or a fifth person to come back in To make it better because what jesus did once for all it was perfect Right what he did was perfect and Let's also quickly look here at verse 16 This is something that we've already spoken about in hebrus 8 about the new covenant Which the lord jesus himself is a mediator of he's the co-signer of the covenant. He backs up his covenant So, uh, we know that when jesus paid the price for for our sins on the cross We now have a new life But we are walking with a new covenant With christ and what covenant is this? See in the book of jeremiah The prophet spoke in those days, you know, god will establish a new covenant. What are those days? Those days the prophet was referring to the time when jesus will redeem us jesus will You know pay in full for our sins at that time when the new covenant is established The law of god will be written in our hearts Okay, so in this way not not on tablets of stone, but on our very hearts the word of god is Written so this is part of our new covenant privilege and that is the manner in which christ jesus has Redeemed us now. Let's now move on to the next section here from verses 19 to 25. Maybe jeffina Would you please believe it Hebrew chapter 10 verse 19 to 25 Therefore brethren having boldness to enter the holiest by the blood of jesus By a new and living way which he consecrated for us through the way that is his flesh And having a high priest over the house of god that is drawn near with a true heart in full assurance of faith Having our hearts Sprinkled from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering for he he who promised us faithful And let us consider one another in order to stir up love and good works Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together as is the manner of some but Exorting one another and so much the more as you see the day approaching Yes, thank you. So, um, then the author kind of brings it to a conclusion And he says look now that I'm telling you all these things about christ and his blood and his sacrifice Um, you can have boldness Okay, now we are people of the new covenant. It's not like how it used to be under the law We are now in the period of grace So life is different now Okay times have changed uh as far as uh, uh, the calendar of god is concerned jesus has come and done the Work and so he's encouraging the believers and he's saying come on now that we're in a new period Post the sacrifice of jesus you and I can be so bold to enter the holiest by the blood of jesus Now to hear something like this for a hebrew believer who understood temple practices and their entire life and for generations They would have thought oh only the lewites can go and even among the lewites only the high priest can go once in a year You know on on the day of atonement into the holy of holies now when the author is saying forget about all that You can go boldly into the holy of holies by the blood of blood of jesus, you know, it's mind blowing to say the least okay, so uh Literally the the kind of life that the hebrew believers were in earlier before knowing christ and the life that they've come into now They're being reminded everything has changed okay You are in the reality Earlier you were in the shadow But now you are in the reality come on wake up You don't have to hold on to the shadow anymore You have a new way of living you're part of the new covenant and bold look at boldly and enter the holiest is in itself that phrase itself is mind blowing that without Fear now we all understand that whenever the high priest would go into the holy holy of holies Apparently they would tie a rope to the leg Of the high priest. I don't know if you all know that the reason is that if the offerings for sin sins were Inadequate there would be a possibility For the high priest to actually die In the holy holy of holies because god's presence was so mighty that anything any sin which was not covered Right could expose them to the wrath of god So it was quite dangerous that way and so if a high priest went in and never came out What the people would do is using that rope they would pull the body out You got it. So it was really scary to enter into the presence of god and be sinful Because it would mean death. It would mean, you know dire consequences But at this point the author is saying Enter boldly you don't have to worry about all that because a perfect sacrifice has been made for us We have now entered into a new way of living. He says verse 20 Of which he consecrated for us or which jesus dedicated for us Through the veil that is his flesh. So we talk about the the veil being toned. Isn't it when jesus In the gospels the veil was stoned. What is the concept or what what is the understanding when the veil was stoned See the temple the veil is separating Uh separating man from the presence of god But when we say the veil was stoned and when did that happen when jesus was crucified on the cross The veil being torn is opening up of the The presence of god or the holiest place for mankind or for people And how could that happen through the sacrifice of jesus? So the veil as the scripture itself clarifies for us here It says that is his flesh. So what was the veil which was torn? It was the flesh of jesus we say right the body was broken for us So jesus's body was his flesh was torn for us And he paid the price for us and that's how Uh this new way Was consecrated for us as believers verse 21 and having a high priest over the house of god That obviously is a lot jesus remember. Why is it uh encouraging or why can the believer be bold Knowing that jesus is a high priest because he's a sinless high priest. He's a compassionate high priest He's a high priest forever who understands our weaknesses, right? So while we know all of this Him being the perfect high priest our best representative in the true tabernacle It brings a lot of assurance. So with all that in mind, he says come on Having boldness to enter The holiest even earlier. He said we can enter boldly, you know into the presence of god to receive Grace right from throne of grace. So Our life now as believers is so different Because of what jesus has done and we must recognize that as a privilege Okay, instead of having an entitled mentality before jesus did all this We wouldn't receive the blessings the way we have it now. And so uh, we need revelation of that We need understanding of that and be so grateful for what jesus has done for us We can enter into god's presence boldly as children of god and verse 22 It says let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith Having our hearts sprinkled from an evil Conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. So what is that once again? It's the assurance right that of faith that we have because of what jesus has done and our hearts are sprinkled Remember earlier also when we talked about the power of the blood of jesus We said our conscience is cleansed our conscience is purged of all sins And that is possible because the the blood of jesus has power So our hearts Can be clean in god's presence through the work of his blood and it says bodies washed with pure water Bodies washed is You know more of something to do with the outer man so to speak So sometimes, you know people refer to it as Maybe the the word of god the word of god It purifies us right the word of god cleanses us but also There's a there can be a comment about baptism because we are we are baptized to recognize our salvation in god But obviously we know that being baptized is not that the The activity that is going to wash away our sins. It's just a proclamation of our Faith that we already possess in god. Okay, so the bodies Washed with pure water References are made to both of these things at times So based on this new life the author now says Verse 23 let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering for he who promised is faithful So reminding us that look when god has done so much for us Why did why did he do so much for us to give us a hope in this life? And hope in eternity Then why should we be discouraged always hold fast to the confession of our hope So we speak aligned to the promises of god. We speak aligned to The blessings of god that have come upon us in christ jesus. Okay hold fast to it hold fast Means to not give up right don't let go Why is he saying don't let go? He's saying so because there could be a possibility of us letting it go Especially in seasons of discouragement. And so he's saying no matter what happens You know, there can be some stormy weather, but don't let go hold fast To the confession of our hope. So what is the confession of our hope? We've been doing the series about speaking the word Right, so we believe the word that's wonderful But we also must speak the word believe in your heart and confess with your mouth the lord jesus And you will be saved the confession of our faith the confession of our hope Is also something that is so powerful that we must practice and he says keep doing it Don't let go Confessing or speaking about the hope that you have And on the basis of what? Do we, you know have this strong faith On the basis of everything that jesus has done and additionally As he's stating in the same verse 23 he says he who has promised is faithful And that just sheds light on the reliability of god on the trustworthiness of god where You know man can lie But scriptures tell us that God is not a man that he should lie and our god never lies, right the book of titus. We see that and therefore From every side we can be so strong as far as What the word of god is saying? Okay, because it is unshakable and our faith also must be unshakable So he is literally calling them out of discouragement and verse 24 He says and let us consider one another in order to stir up love and good works So he is encouraging the believers, but at the same time he's asking the believers to encourage One another so he says consider One another stir up love and good works meaning Okay, sorry take notice of others and help them to Be strong in their faith. So what are some ways in which we can encourage others to be strong? Okay But there any comments on how we can encourage one another. Sorry. I missed that for a moment He doesn't seem like there are any here in the chat So I suppose, you know praying for one another sharing the word speaking the word and maybe even acts of service Right that we could do for each other good works will strengthen others in the lord and Sometimes discouragement has this ability to Keep us out of fellowship. I don't know if you have ever noticed Uh people who become very discouraged with the church or discouraged with believing Fell fellowships or communities they may they may suddenly say I don't want to go there You know, I'll believe in God, but I don't want to go and be with believers because God is better, you know, so, uh That could happen when someone is so discouraged, but we see the Words of the Hebrew writer in verse 25 He says not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together meaning Even when we may feel discouraged Don't stop coming together because there is there is something about the body getting together There's something about The people of God worshiping together or you know celebrating the word together Celebrating the power of God together which can encourage us and so this thing of okay, I won't go to church You know and I I'll be a believer by myself We don't see that in scripture because the church the local church Is an expression of the body of Christ on the earth and for every believer It's so important to be a part of a believing community and we can't just you know Like in the body, we don't see parts floating around. I'm a hand. I'll be a hand. I'm happy as a hand Right, you've got to be part of the body. You need to be working with the brain and the heart and other parts So in that way Do not forsake Being in the fellowship of believers That is something very important and it says here um As the day approach as a day approaching. Okay, it's very important to not forsake assembling together As you see the day approaching meaning before the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ It may so happen that a lot of people Will tend to do this Okay, because of different things that Uh happen and the discouragement that they carry But that's not healthy and as believers we should encourage one another Right, so I'll just quickly come to our uh comments here I'll pick up uh zele's comment first. She says I was thinking why was God Why was God so strict in all testament? with the children of israel regarding sin And to follow all the rules and tradition So zele God has not changed he's holy And the requirements to have a relationship with God have not changed earlier Through the rules the traditions the sacrifices the offerings They were able to pay Right for the for the Punishment temporarily and then they were able to approach God and continue the relationship with God, you know the children of israel but now Even now requirement is there. However, Jesus has done The work once for all and because of that we are able to approach God So in that sense the strictness of God Or the requirements of God have has not changed What has changed earlier? Man was trying to uh, you know like pay for it But now Jesus has already done it In completion in perfection. So we're enjoying the fruit of that Okay, so that's how it is. Uh, but of course what you're sharing is Something related to what we read in romans that we are no longer under the law But we are under grace, but but we are under grace and uh, we are receiving from the work of jesus Okay, uh, but God's holiness remains And uh, we we cannot violate it So that that is also something to keep in mind now going to jeffina's question She says for when moses had spoken every precept to all All the people according to the law he took the blood of calves and goats with water scarlet wool and his sob and sprinkled both The book itself and all the people why moses sprinkled the book as well It makes sense to sprinkle it on the people. But why the book? So as we've read jeffina i'm thinking i am not like 100 sure about this But based on what we learned All the objects of worship were also sprinkled right For the for the sake of cleansing So I think even the book or the law What they're referring to Was part of their worship. So maybe that's why they cleansed it with the sprinkling of blood I don't know whether you're satisfied with that, but we can look it up further Right sure All right, we'll pray and close and I just want our batch to please stay online at least for a minute Post the ending of this call Could someone please pray and then we can Yeah, uh, uh, would you like to pray please? I just want to thank you for for my my grief Okay, sure Thank you so much I'm glad I'm glad. Yeah, thank you Thank you for this class Thank you for the peace of one of one audience today Thank you for the parking lot this morning See you guys What are we for me our safe? Sure. Yeah, we are going on Give it to us Give it to us and guide us and pick up some people who are alive Amen. Thank you. Um, thank you so much and I'll just end the call now


And in a kitty state, the governor of Coyote, Fayyami, has congratulated Muslims in the state and in Nigeria at large as they celebrate this year's Eid al-Kabir. He is urging that Muslim faithfuls and adherents of other faiths also emulate the obedience displayed by the Prophet Ibrahim. Fayyami has also urged Nigerians to make peaceful coexistence their watchword. Hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


All right. Good afternoon. Thank you everybody for sticking with me through your food coma After lunch. I really appreciate that. I'm really happy that here at word camp miami we're in control of Our own slides and there's not somebody else controlling our Slides. A few years ago i was giving a Presentation about roman military history to a group of Historians, room full of people who are studying history. Historians are. That's kind of a Dumb thing for me to say. Sorry about that. So giving the presentation and someone else is controlling my Slides. So i get to the point where I'm going to talk about the use of marking stamps in roman Swords and how manufacturers mark swords. And i get to the point, make the point. And all of a sudden i hear someone from the audience Go, word press. Now turn around and look.  So if i've been running my own slides, i would have caught that. I had repurposed an old word camp slide for my presentation And had missed the word camp. So in the room of people Studying roman history, at least one other person was in The word press. So that made me feel better. I'm sorry? yeah, 25% of the web. So that percentage has to be roman history. There has to be some kind of roman history websites out there. So my name is kevin stover. I am the lead developer at Wp ninjas. We are the creators of the Ninja forums plugin. We have somewhere around 300,000, 400,000 active installs. We are gaining in popularity, getting bigger. Been around for five years or so. Until recently, this is what ninja forums look like. And if you download the current version of ninja forums, this is what you'll get. It's supposed to be a laser. No, that was bad, bad, wrong button. Cool, cool, cool, cool. Ha, there we go. I will not try to use the laser pointer again because Apparently i don't know how. So this is version 2.9 of ninja Forms. If you download the current version, this is what you'll get. It is a pretty straightforward php html application. When you click on, i wish there was a, ah, there we go.  Which is probably how, if you have a plugin, that's Probably how you do it. You reload the page and the page changes. If you want to edit a field, you click the arrow and it drops Down a box and lets you make those changes. This drop down is currently being done with jQuery. And when i say jQuery, i mean the worst possible kind of JQuery spaghetti you can imagine. Like mama rosa herself created the jQuery spaghetti. It's terrible. It's terrible, terrible, terrible. But until recently, that's how, or currently, we haven't released it yet. Before version 3.0 ninja forms, that's how it functions. And the major part of that was that we weren't building it With javascript first in mind. So we built this php application. And yeah, i guess people are going to have to open that and have to type in it. So i guess we're going to have to do something. So we get on google and type jQuery hide content. JQuery show content. So until we started this process Of converting about eight months ago, that was the limit of my Javascript experience. I was no where near a javascript developer. And i'm still probably no where near a javascript developer. In fact, i feel a little bad being on this panel. Because i don't consider myself a javascript developer. And this is what ninja forms looks like now. So in addition to the ui overhaul, it is a completely backbone Underscore driven application. When you click on the tabs at the top, Instead of reloading the page, backbone changes your current State and re-renders the view and changes where you are. If you click on a field to edit it, a drawer slides open from the Right, and you can make all your changes. But again, none of that is reloading anything. And i feel a little bit better about this code because it's Not jQuery spaghetti. So that makes me feel good. So that's ninja forms 3.0. That's kind of where we are now. And i'm going to step back over the next few minutes here And talk to you about some of the things we experienced getting there. So this has taken us around eight months or so to accomplish. So i'll talk about a little bit about how we got there and some Of the things that we encountered. So the why do this? Why rewrite ninja forms as a backbone application? Well, the first thing is all in jQuery spaghetti, and alive. The current version of ninja forms front-end calculations is About 500 lines of heavily indented really bad jQuery spaghetti. So bad, in fact, that i refuse to troubleshoot it. When there are bugs, i tell people, just wait until 3.0, it'll all be fixed. That's how bad this jQuery spaghetti is. So when it comes to writing bad jQuery spaghetti, i'm the Chiefest of sinners. I have done a bad job, and i'm Trying to repent. I'm trying to do better. So the first reason to rewrite ninja forms as a backbone Application is that we had a lot of just really difficult to Track down code. And when you're being used on About 300,000 sites, people are going to find bugs and things Are going to come up. And if you can't easily track that Down, your life is going to be bad. You're going to be a very sad person if you can't track That down. We also have a really Complex user interface. So we used jQuery in my previous Example. We used jQuery to do all this, but That was a really bad idea. Because that means that we're Rewriting a lot of these views and these interfaces, these Components to use some react terminology. These components, we're rewriting them over and over And over again. So it's really inefficient and Relatively bad. So we have a really complex user interface. I might be the odd duck out here, but if you don't have a Really complex user interface, you probably don't need a jQuery Library or framework to do that. If you're just changing One or two things on your page, then you might not need This, but we have a really complex user interface. We also had the goal of separating our processing From our views and our display. So in the old example, right, This is all put together with php. So if i wanted to change the Way that one of these things looked, i'm opening a php file And i'm editing a php file. Which means that i run the Risk of severely screwing something up. Especially, again, because it's not written with that kind Of use case in mind. So this is all, you know, open php, Write your html, close php. Which is terrible. You shouldn't do that. So we wanted to separate, we wanted To separate those things. We wanted to separate our Processing from our display. So in the current version, or The new version, rather, i'm sorry, of ninja forms, and The new version, all that php handles is the processing. Everything that happens here just consumes json, and it spits Json back out. So what did we use to do this? What are the tools that we used to do this? Well, some of these have been spoken about a little bit. So we used require js. When we first started, require Js is a lot like browserify, which was talked about earlier. It's a way that you can write your code, and it's really Difficult for me to talk with two things in my hand. Got to have my hand free to wave. So if you build things with Required js, you can build them in different modules. It's the amd pattern. And every module can have its own Distinct concern. So you have a module that's Just responsible for changing specific parts of data. And that prevents a lot of pollution, and it prevents you From accessing things in places that you shouldn't. Required js has some funky things with wordpress, and we'll Talk about that in just a few minutes. Currently, we use gulp, which is a lot like grunt, which I talked about earlier, with something called almond. And if you want the details of that, talk to me later. We can get on that. We chose to use backbone and Underscore. And the main reason we chose About yonder underscore is that we have to have Compatibility. We get in trouble when we push Updates that aren't supported by php version 5.2. So compatibility for us is a big, big deal. That is the cheapest concern. Our main concern is not how Fast does this render. If your chief concern is how Fast does this render, backbone and underscore is Probably not your solution. You might want to look at React or something like that. Backbone and underscore, as has Been said several times today, are both included with wordpress, So you can accuse them and you can be sure that all the People who use your product are using the same version of Backbone and the same version of underscore. We have another product out there that uses a popular Library for use for select drop downs and changing select Drop downs. And we have all kinds of Problems with it because advanced custom fields and a few other Popular plugins use that same library but we use a different Version and we use the newest version and we get so many Support tickets just for that one issue. So using backbone and underscore gives us the best chance that What we're writing isn't going to conflict with anything else. And that's our chiefest concern. I don't think when you're Choosing your, to go back to what zack talked about a little Bit, when you're choosing your framework, you shouldn't Choose it based on what's cool. I mean, not that i would Know anything from what's cool. But you shouldn't choose it Based on just this is the coolest thing going, this is New. You should use it based on what Your actual use case is and what are your primary concerns. We also use marionette which is an add-on library for backbone And it gives you some cool stuff like nested views which zack Mentioned. It also gives you specific views for Collections. So if you're using backbone models to Store your data and using backbone collections to store Groups of data, marionette has collection views that will Automatically loop over that collection and render every one Of those for you. So in our case, i need to click Her again. You can't have it both ways. In our example, here, this entire group of fields is a Collection view. And each row is a view. Well, a sub-view. So marionette makes it easy to Build this because you just say, here's my child view. This is what i want you to use to render it. And then you create A collection view and you just pass it your collection and it Calls that child view for every thing in the collection. So it makes it really easy if you're using backbone, marionette Makes it really easy to make those kinds of complicated nested Views.  So this entire screen is a view And then it's chopped up into smaller views. So the menu bar is a view. Each one of the menu items is a View. The title is a view. The controls are a view. And backbone or marionette, Rather, lets you break those down in a way that vanilla Backbone doesn't. So marionette, if you're going to use Backbone in underscore, marionette is a really good Choice at on library for making those complex things.  So backbone radio is a Method that lets your modules communicate with each other. So if you're building discrete modules, they have to have a Way to communicate. And radio is a message bus that Let's that happen. It's a pub sub model if that Means anything to you. It might not. It might not. All right. So what are some of the things that we ran across in WordPress that you need to kind of be aware of if you're Writing these js applications inside of WordPress. In our case, we're doing it inside the admin as well as the Front end. The first one, if you have any Plug-ins out there or if you're using any plug-ins, you Probably run across really silly js errors, right? And so really poorly coded plug-ins can mess up your JavaScript. So somebody can install a Plug-in that uses really crappy js or maybe they Include their own version of jQuery that's like five Years old and that can mess up your stuff. So WordPress is an open environment, right? It's the wild west out there. People are installing plug-ins From everywhere, right? So you have to be aware when you're Writing your JavaScript code that that's an issue. So WordPress is just completely open and people can do those bad things. The other issue that we ran into was using required js with WordPress and this is something that had i been a JavaScript developer, i probably would have found really Quickly but because i'm not and i searched for required js in WordPress and google and google told me nothing. There was no answer. I couldn't find it. Earlier today, camden mentioned using a shim, right? Creating a shim if you were here for that. He mentioned returning the on-page version of backbone And underscore as a shim. Well, that's what i wound up Doing with required js, only i didn't know it was called a shim. And i didn't know what i was looking for. So you're going to run into those kinds of things with these Frameworks and WordPress because it's new, right? People haven't been doing this for a long time. I was hoping someone would scream romans but nobody screamed romans. It used to be extensible. So in our example, we need other Plug-ins to be able to modify what we're doing. So we have about 46 add-ons for our plug-in and some of those Modify the way the builder looks. And we needed something that Was going to be completely open and extensible, hence the Legos. Something that's open and Extensible and for us, backbone and underscore Fit that better than react did. Because i can overwrite templates. So, for example, some of our extensions, like multi-part forms, Will actually completely change the way this builder looks. And with backbone, that's easy because i can pass it a different View and say, okay, instead of using that view, use this view. So it's really extensible. That was one of the things that We really liked about those choices. Some more romans. Anybody tell me what monument that is? Anybody? No? Okay. This is trajan's column and it's a bunch of soldiers working Together to build a wall. We have about seven to 12 third Party developers that develop for ninja forms and we sell Their stuff in our marketplace but we didn't build it, right? And we're helping these developers learn javascript with us. And so that was a challenge if you, if your product connects With any other developers, if you have other developers who are Also using your products, keep in mind that we're all at a Different place in our javascript journey, right? Everybody knows a different amount about javascript. So for us, it's been a challenge working with those Developers and trying to figure out the best ways to Help them learn javascript in our system. So as a wordpress developer, there are certain things that Might be a hindrance to you if you're just coming straight Into javascript because i know they were for me and some of The other php developers that i have talked to. The first is the idea of a stateless system versus a Stateful system, right? if you're a php developer, when You're writing php, it's going to start at the top and It's going to go to the bottom. Done, right? So i'm not going to drop the mic because that would be rude. But the server drops the mic and it's done, right? In javascript, the objects always exist.  If you want to know about Scope, talk to nizir, he's the man he'll talk to. But those objects are persistent, right? There's a state that you can call. Kyle, who is dutifully Taking notes, our senior developer is a php man, and he Has recently been learning javascript as well. And this has tripped him up a couple times and trying to Figure out, well, do i need to go and call to get this data Because i don't have it versus, oh, i can just get that object Because that object is still there, right? So if you're coming at javascript from strictly a Service-side language like php, that might be odd. And it might take some getting used to in the writing code That there is a state that you can rely on. There weren't a lot of plug-in examples as i started this. So i couldn't google, like, how do you write a wordpress Backbone app in the admin? Like, that wasn't a thing, i could google it, but google Wasn't telling me anything. So as you create stuff, share it. Like, as you learn stuff about using wordpress, or using Javascript frameworks and libraries in wordpress, share that. Share that data. Because there's always going to be Someone out there who's looking for that information. And it can be hard to find. So if you're a wordpress developer, Connect with all the people in this room, because everybody in This room is trying to learn, if you are. There weren't a lot of js wordpress-specific resources Either. So when you're looking for stuff, You'll have to kind of expand your search phrases, right? Maybe i'm just bad at searching. You have to kind of expand Those, because there's not a lot of wordpress-specific stuff For javascript. And that can be a downside, right? That can be a downside to learning the language. Sorry, one second. There was no water. There was only sierra mist, which drives my throat out a bit Quicker, i think. There is, but it's been opened. And i don't think there's much out of it, but i'm kind of, I can't do that. It feels like a sign-field episode, but i Can't do that. All right, so those are some of the Disadvantages that you might have faced coming into this. And some of the things that i found, because again, before Eight months ago, i was not a javascript developer. But there's hope, right? We are the smartest developers, right? You're supposed to say yes and non. Yeah, there we go. It's the end of the day. I know, i'm sorry. But i say that in jest, but in reality, you're all working in A really open-source environment where lots of things can go wrong, But somehow we all figure out ways for them not to go wrong. You know what i mean? Like wordpress has a lot of areas in Which things can break, because you could use any number of Plug-ins or themes or whatever, and everybody kind of Makes that work, right? So i say that sort of in jest, but We're not too bad. The second thing is wordpress itself Is event-driven, right? So wordpress uses actions and filters, And if you're coming at javascript from a wordpress Background, those things should seem like event-driven Javascript should seem pretty familiar to you, because Wordpress utilizes those exact same ideas, that exact same Architecture, right?  So the user does this, and then this happens. The user does this and this. So it's the same. That's an advantage over perhaps other php framework or Other cms that aren't event-driven.  You can also get started really quickly. I mean, i started this Eight months ago and was able to write away, because backbone And underscore are in wordpress, i was able to very quickly Get up and running and start writing backbone code, start Writing underscore code, because it's right there. So it's really easy to get started, and it's really easy To take off there. And finally, there is the Community aspect. So, again, everybody in this Room, everybody is trying to learn javascript. We're all at different places in that journey, right? We're all at different places and learning, but everyone Here is trying to learn. And so as you learn, share that With somebody else, and if you have questions, ask Someone who knows more than you, right? That's probably not me, but find somebody else. Just kidding. So the community has always been One of wordpress' biggest assets, right? So utilize that in your learning of javascript.  Wait, to close, i'm going to close with an excerpt from One of my daughter's favorite books, which i think is apropos What we're doing. It is called the pout pout fish In the big, big, dark. i forgot the book, so my wife took A picture and sent it to me on my iphone. The whole gang gathered, feeling glorious and proud. They swam in a circle as they sang out loud. The ocean is wide and the ocean is deep, but friends Help friends, that's a promise we'll keep. We're bigger, yes, bigger, always big, big, bigger. Bigger than the javascript. Thank you. I guess i have time for questions if anybody has any. There we go. Yes, sir. Woken in my life. Right. That's really tough. The question is, if you have a Plug-in and someone else breaks something with javascript Like in queuing their own jQuery stuff, how do you mitigate Against that or prevent that as a plug-in author? And if you find the answer to that, please tell me. The problem is that there's literally nothing as a plug-in Author that i can do to keep someone else from queuing Whatever they want. So even if i could check for What they're doing, there's no guarantee that my plug-in would run Before their plug-in ran. So if their plug-in, If their plug-in name started with something that came after in In the library, like in the alphabet, then their stuff's Going to run after hours. The only thing that we can Really do is reach out to the people who are doing those Things incorrectly and ask them to correct them. But from our perspective, all we can do is use what Wordpress includes in core and then admonish everybody else to do The same thing. If anybody else has a better answer Than that, i would love to hear it. But i don't think there's Anything that we can do. I'm sorry. Maybe? Yeah. There we go. The problem with that is that you can't, while usually Plug-ins load from alphabetical, that's not guaranteed. So plug-ins can load, but even plug-ins loading, they could Still hook into an earlier hook than we use and do funky things. So, yeah, unfortunately. Anybody else? Yes, sir. Yeah, as a user, you could, If they enqueue it using wp and q, you could de-queue it. So if you want to get together later, we can talk about how you Might do that. The issue would be if they just Used a script tag, then, yeah. Cool times. Anybody else? Okay, cool. Thank you guys so much. I appreciate it.


Hello Psych2Goers. We just want to take the time to thank you for all your kind support. We are a team of dedicated, passionate, and hardworking individuals who come together every day with one goal in mind. We want to make psychology come alive for you. We are self-funded and recently launched our Patreon. If you enjoy the work we do and find it meaningful, please stick around until the end of the video for information on how to get more involved with us and all the cool rewards you can get from us. We hope you enjoy this video. Most of us know something about mental disorders, like OCD or social anxiety. However, for every well-known diagnosis, there's a handful of others, mainly coming out of 20th century Freudian psychology that haven't achieved that level of notoriety. Here's 10 of the most bizarre psychological disorders ever diagnosed by a doctor. 1. Split Brain. This is a condition occurring when the corpus callosum, the bundle of nerves connecting the left and right brain, is cut. This can be done intentionally to prevent epileptic seizures, but can also result in complications including problems with physical coordination, information processing, and even split personality. 2. Cotard Syndrome, aka Cotard's Delusion. Discovered by Dr. Jules Cotard in the 1880s, patients with this delusion believe that they have died or ceased to exist, even requesting their own funerals. This usually occurs alongside other disorders, such as schizophrenia or depression, and can be treated with medication and electroconvulsive therapy. 3. Fragoli Delusion. Commonly occurring alongside schizophrenia, this is a delusion that one is being haunted by a single person in disguise as several others, such as doctors and family. 4. Stendhal Syndrome. Named after the famous French writer who became delirious while viewing art in Florence, patients may experience dizziness, fainting, even hallucinations when presented with objects of emotional significance. 5. Dissociative Identity Disorder. This one you may have heard of as multiple personality disorder, where a person cycles between separate personalities, often entering into a fugue's state when they can't remember what happened. 6. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. This strangely named affliction entails a large set of conditions where patients' perceptions of time and body are distorted, like Alice's growing and shrinking. 7. Reduplicative Paramnesia. This is a variety of delusion related to the brain damage of certain strokes, where a patient believes that a familiar place, usually their home, has been duplicated or disguised. 8. Lima Syndrome. The opposite of the better-known Stockholm Syndrome, Lima Syndrome occurs when captors sympathize and identify with their hostage or victim. It gets its name from Peruvian psychiatrist Manuel Cuarol, whose kidnappers turned to him for psychological advice, and eventually ended up setting him free. They even gave him cab fare. 9. Triska Decaphobia. For some people, the number 13 is unlucky, but for people suffering from this stress reaction, it can induce panic attacks, often as part of a larger stress disorder. 10. The Jumping Frenchman of Maine. This is an as-yet unclassified disorder diagnosed in French-Canadian lumberjacks who showed unusually strong reactions to surprise, with anything sudden making them jump uncontrollably. Other symptoms included random bursts of mimicry, similar to dissociative identity disorder, and suddenly obeying small commands. That's it folks! Which of these rare disorders did you find interesting and want us to elaborate more on? Let us know in the comments below. We will take the comments with the most thumbs up. Until next time, stay well.


it says we're live. So, we as in me and the invisible woman. Oh, look who decided to show up. You good? Hello. That was a bit of a rush. I thought, do you know what, I've done girls know what this is. It's like when you do a little bit of makeup but it's not good for here but it's okay. I'd forgotten that I'd only done that sort of makeup. So, when I went to do my hair I was like, oh no, I've not left enough time to do my face. So, I had to quickly do it. And look how gorgeous she looks. Yeah, only because I quickly did it. I didn't have enough time to button my shirt. I'm serious. We were both running around frantically in chaos for like the last half hour trying to get ready for this. We made it. We're done. We did it. Yeah. Hello, Elizabeth and Shannon. Hello. Okay, so that live event's still not showing up. Oh, let's try this. You don't usually have to do that, do you? No, but this is, yeah, this is what the... Only me. Okay. Well, no, that's just, yeah, we gotta change that. Perfect. Thank you for noticing that. That's what it used to do to me. Okay. Hopefully that works. Let's find out. Yeah, so we're just sorting out some technical difficulties. Oh no, look, look, it's just you. Yeah, that is true. Well, I wouldn't know because... Yeah, you wouldn't know because it's just a good set for you. Can anyone else see this on my personal Facebook page? Yeah, let us know. Yeah. So hi to Elizabeth and Shannon. Thank you for joining us. Yeah. Hello. How have you been today, Elizabeth and Shannon? What have you been doing today? Welcome to Reagan Alley Live, right? We're trying not to call it date night because it's, it, I think it kind of makes it seem as if it's just about us and it's not. No, it's never had, never has been. No, never has been. It's always been whatever, you know, comes up in conversation, what's been on news, that sort of thing, isn't it? Mm-hmm. Yeah. And then in two hours, we'll be doing the global predictions. So if you guys have any questions that you'd like to ask, think about them and we'll ask you that. We didn't do it last week, did we? No, I was sick. He was falling. Yeah. Yeah, your ear. Yeah. Yeah. So cheers. Pineapple juice. I've got some water here. Cracking open. Yeah. It's got to be with ice cubes. It's lovely. Hi, Vicky. Yeah. It's so far, it's just showing one person on my personal Facebook. I wonder if I can just end it and start it over again. Yeah. Or not. Oh. Oops. That's okay. Nobody else was able to see it anyway. No. So, oh well. We might come out and then come back in completely. I think that's probably the better idea because there has been some mix-up with Facebook. So if you guys, if it's all right with you guys, come and find us in a minute. We'll be in a minute. Okay. We'll be right back. Bye. Yeah. Bye.


So the most important part of what's coming up is to guard the vote and you should go into Detroit and you should go into Philadelphia and you should go into some of these places Atlanta and you should go into some of these places and we got to watch those votes when they come in. Then they rigged and sold the election of 2020. They rigged it and they stole it and since Crooked Joe Biden got in he's been weaponizing government against his political opponents like a third world communist tyrant really no different you take a look at what's happening and but Joe Biden is not the defender of American democracy Joe Biden is the destroyer of American democracy and it's it's him and his people they're the wreckers of the American dream the American dream is dead with them in office it's sad we had such a dream we had such an American dream we had such an incredible administration but it died when these people came into office over the past few years you've watched Biden and his band of Marxist communist fascists try to crush free speech censor their critics criminalized dissent destroy attorney-client privilege which is something nobody ever thought they'd see in this country and even attempt to imprison their leading electoral rival by far on bogus charges that happens to be me in case you forget he got indicted I got indicted four times because I'm questioning a crooked election but we're not questioning it we know the results we know it and when we go through courts if we ever even have to do it because you have presidential privilege and also if we ever we should never have to do that but if we do we want to redo the election only from the standpoint we want that election we want to look at it very carefully we have so much information there was so much corruption in that election you take a look we're leading the field with 67 with disank demonious at 9 and birdbrain is at 8 she said she was another beauty she said I will never run against you sir I will never run you know I mean look birdbrain there's a reason for that name isn't it and the other guy I got him elected he was elected because of me and he forgot very quickly I got a thing and we hit him very hard and he's he's been falling out of the air like a very seriously wounded bird right to the ground and it's a very pleasant thing to see now it looks like paper ballots we want to go voter ID same-day election no more mail-in ballots we don't want mail-in ballots never happened what happened the attack on Israel would have never happened Iran was broke under the Trump administration they were broke because I wouldn't allow any country to buy oil


Good afternoon. Good morning or good night if you are attending this virtually. My name is Pandu Ajee. I work for the Azure Machine Learning Infrastructure Team at Microsoft. So we build, we run and maintain Kubernetes clusters for the Azure Machine Learning Team. We build tools to improve the speed and the reliability of the deployments and to also increase the observability of the application running in the cluster. About five years ago, we started to explore logging solutions for Kubernetes. There are two open source projects that caught our attention, FluentD and FluentBit. We went with FluentD at that time because FluentBit was missing some key features, file system buffering and then the scripting plugin. But fast forward, about a year ago, our business is growing and we are looking for more efficient logging solution. So we revisited FluentBit and we found both missing features have been supported and also we found that many people have adopted the FluentBit for their Kubernetes logging solution. So we made a switch early last year and overall we've been in Fluent ecosystem for about five years. So this is our production environment, the current state of it. Some of the interesting numbers are the overall log volume which is somewhere between 750 to 850 k per second in our busiest region. The log volume per cluster is about 80 k per second and the log volume per node is varies between 1 to 2 k per second. So today I'm going to briefly talk about our logging architectures just for a little bit of context and then I'm going to show you how we monitor the health of our logging pipeline just by using one single metric. So let's get into it. We have two logging solutions. One is the sidecar pattern. It's fairly straightforward. The application writes logs to the logging agent sidecar through forward or message pack protocol. The logging agent sidecar then sends that logs to the storage backend. The logging agent sidecar is automatically injected by the mutating admission controller. The application can enable the sidecar injection by adding annotations in their deployment spec. In our case, the logging agent sidecar is Microsoft internal agent, but technically you can replace the logging agent sidecar with Fluentbit. To send the logs to the logging agent sidecar, we instrument the application with the logging library. So one of the downside with the logging library is that when you have applications written in different languages, then you have to support multiple logging libraries. But we needed the logging library for two reasons. One is that we want all our application logs to have three defined schema just to simplify the login queries. And two is that we want to have the application to have the option to be able to write to standard auth and as well to write directly to the sidecar. So when the logging agent sees, hey, there is a sidecar on my pod, I will write directly to the sidecar. And if the application disabled the sidecar injection, then all the logs will go to the standard auth, which is then will they are handled by the second solution, the forwarder and the aggregator pattern. It is the most common pattern out there, I believe. So the forwarder is very light with a demon set that tells all the container logs on the node and then route them to the aggregator service, which is then subsequently the service will distribute the logs among the aggregator pods. So the aggregator then write those logs to the Azure storage backend. In our case it's Azure. And the aggregator actually does all the business logic to transform the logs and then send them to the sidecar. We also, for the data safety security, we enable the file system buffering on the forwarder and then also to adapt to the load, we enable the HPA on the aggregator. And next. So let's talk about fluent bit metrics. So the HTTP server on fluent bit, it exposes multiple endpoints. Two of them that we are going to talk about is the metrics endpoint that is in Prometheus format. This metrics exposes the metrics for each running plugin. The second endpoint is the storage endpoint. It exposes the storage information but they are in the JSON format. And this is the output of the storage endpoint. So we see chunks. What is chunks? Chunks is how fluent bit groups and store the logs in the file system. So there are two types of chunks, the up chunks. They exist in the file system as well as in the memory. There are chunks that are currently being processed and you can configure the maximum number of up chunks allowed in the memory. The down chunk. The down chunk only exists in the file system. So if you're logging pipeline, if they are healthy, typically the down chunks is usually zero or very close to zero. And if your pipeline is congested or slow, then the up chunks then starts to grow. And when it reach the maximum limit, then the down chunks start to accumulate. So this is actually the metrics that we use to monitor our logging pipeline. Before moving to the next slide, pay attention to the JSON path of the FS chunks up and down. It is storage layer chunks, FS chunks up or down. To export these storage metrics, we use JSON exporter deployed as a sidecar as well. You can find the JSON exporter in Prometheus Community GitHub. So this is the example of our config. So the name here, fluent bit storage layer is the metric name prefix. And the values field is the metric that you want to export. So in this case, is the FS chunks up and FS chunks down. And the exporter, to get the metric value, the exporter will follow the JSON path. Those are the ones that are in the curly braces. And if you look at it, it's the storage layer, the chunks, the FS chunks up or down. We use the kubes Prometheus stack to deploy our Prometheus. And this is our service monitor configuration. So does anyone use kubes? How many people are using kubes Prometheus stack here? Okay, cool. So service monitor is CRD. It's basically teleprometheus where to script the metrics. The first endpoint here is just the metrics endpoint on the fluent bit container. The second endpoint is the probe endpoint on the JSON sidecar container. So when Prometheus script this probe endpoint, it will fetch the JSON metrics from the target, convert them into Prometheus format, and then send the result back to the response. And to just visually test this, you can use kubectl forward. For example, this, for example, you can see on the screen. If you look at the URL, it's the probe endpoint, and then the target query parameters. And the result, you'll get the fluent bit in the Prometheus format. So it's the FS chunks up and FS chunks down. So let's take a look at our live dashboard. Let me switch for a second here. So this is our, it's still loading. So while it's loading, okay, it loads now. The top panels here, these are the global summary of the down chunks across all the cluster. So it's kind of nice to be able to see the overall health on a single pane. And you'll see that the down chunks are pretty much zero. There's most likely five, and then it dropped back down to zero. And these are from Japan East. And you can see this one is from Germany West Central. So because this is global, the drop down here doesn't work on this panel. Ideally, you can put this on a separate dashboard with the drill down. But we just consolidated this together. So the panels on the file storage group there are the down chunks and the up chunks by pod. And you can actually, this is our busiest region, which is in each US. So we can maybe switch to Brazil South, change. There is no down chunks. It's super healthy. And if you switch back to each US, and then in the IO group, the panel on the left is the input versus the output rate. And if you look at it, they are kind of like overlapping with each other, which what you expect from a healthy pipeline. Actually, why does it show? Can you switch, excuse me, can we switch the camera to the, can we switch the camera to the, like, my, how do I switch this? Okay. Since we cannot switch this, can we switch this to the other panel? Okay, never mind. I'll just go ahead and use the pre-screenshot thing. Can we get back to the presentation, please? Okay. Oops. Yeah. So this is the dashboard. The top panel is the global view, down chunks, up chunks. And then next is the input and the output rate. So if you remember, we look at the overall log volume, that's actually taken from this graph. So it doesn't include the volume from the logging agent cycle. So it's only from the forwarder. And the next two panels on the IO is the input rate and the output rate by POT. The last is the errors and the retries. We seldom use it. It's nice to have one additional diagnostic tool. Next, we'll take a look at a couple of studies. So case studies number one, you look at here the down chunks they are growing, but they are growing on only single POT. The input and the output rate are pretty stable. But then if you look at the input rate by POT there, there are kind of like two odd layers with significantly higher input rate than the rest. The last panel on the bottom right there, it's actually taken from another dashboard. I just shifted it here and took a screenshot. It's the CPU usage of the forwarder. And similar to the input rate, there are two odd layers. And if you can see the forwarder POT that has the highest CPU usage and the highest input rate, they are the same POT as the one with the accumulating down chunks. So what happened here? So there is one tenant that generated too many logs and it has a very few replicas. So it only happened on one or two nodes. It generated too many logs and it's hogging resources. So as a result, our forwarder is kind of like struggling and fail to keep up. Our mitigation is basically just add annotation to the app and onboard them to the sidecar solution. And this is case study number two. Now we see that the down chunks are growing too, but they are growing across all parts. Now if you look at the input rate, there is a very big jump like around maybe 1645, like maybe from 20K, 30K to 800K. And then if you look at the aggregator replicas panel, the aggregator seems to try to scale up, but then it scale back down again. And then if you look at the crashing POTs, most of the forwarder POTs are crashing. So this actually was pretty bad incident. So what happened here is that for some reason, the applications like scaling up rapidly, while the aggregator is adding replicas and waiting for the POTs to get ready, the existing replicas were overwhelmed and POTs are crashing. And when your POTs are crashing, the HPA is not going to work properly. So the mitigation is for us at around maybe 1845 there, we manually scale up the aggregator. And then if you look at the down chunks, it's the forwarder starts to recover. So there are a couple of fixes. One of the fixes is to make the HPA more aggressive. So the aggregator will scale up earlier. But this is just to alleviate the problem. It's not actually bullet proof because there's always a time delay from when the time the load starts to increase until all the new aggregator POTs are ready. So theoretically, we still can hit this problem. So we also make the second changes. The second change is to actually onboard few applications that both very, very chatty and they have the tendency to scale up rapidly to the sidecar solution. And what are the key takeaways here? There is actually no perfect solution for everyone. So choose a solution that works best for your environment. We have the forwarder and aggregator pattern as our default logging solution. But we also have the sidecar solution to handle the heavy application. So be creative. Second point that I want to make is that Kubernetes and Fluent Bit, they continue to progress and your production environment changed over time. So your solution must evolve and adapt to the changes. And also, for example, we added the sidecar solution just about a year ago. And also that we are exploring kind of like adding persistency to the aggregator or also the idea of merging the forwarder and the aggregator. So we only have a demand set without the aggregator. And finally, last but not least, although Kubernetes simplifies deploying containers in the cloud, it also adds infrastructure complexity. So having visibility on the infrastructure components such as Fluent Bit and also choosing the best signal for your monitoring is crucial and fundamental in production. With that, I'll open up for question. So we have about maybe six minutes for question. Yes, I couldn't hear you. Finally, we have a question. Hello. Sorry. I wanted to ask, you said you're currently using the forwarder aggregator approach, but you're switching to daemon sets? Not switching. We are exploring actually kind of like merge the forwarder and aggregator. The aggregator is if you merge that together, it's expensive on the node, right? Because all then your node then will have to do all the business logics that aggregator does. So it takes resources from the node. So we're still exploring that. Is that your question? Do I answer your question? Yeah. Thank you. But I also want to mention that the aggregator, although it is expensive, I think it works in certain scenarios, like when you're like for us in the second case study, because when you have the logging sidecar inside your pod together with your application, if your application scale up, your logging agent also scale up together at the same time. So I think that's the advantage, but it is expensive. Okay. Thanks for attending my session. If you have any further questions, feel free to talk to me afterwards. I'll be around today. Thank you. Thank you.


Don't let it touch your distant. Drink it with the maize. Taste it with the maize. No, but it's better. This is the YouTube channel. It's your favorite village boy Mr. Ghana baby right here. And it's my first time in Bono region. It used to be the cleanest city in Ghana. But I don't know what happened. I really don't know. But since I'm here for the first time, I really want to find out what really happened to Sinjani. What really happened? I don't even know. The youth. Oh, you mean the youth destroyed the city? No, we are found of throwing away some things that our mothers and fathers were doing. Okay, but still we want the title. We want the title. You want the title back? Yeah, we are competing with people. Tell them something that they need to know about Sinjani. So, yeah, Sinjani is very popular for the distribution of staple foods like maize and yam. We have a lot of farms around here. Okay. So when foods are increasing in other places here, we eat good. It doesn't affect you guys. No, we eat good. Then I guess since what the Maya is equals to food, I have to move to Sinjani. Because I really want to eat every day. But you know what I've observed in this beautiful city? It's super clean even though they don't have the title anymore. But it's still clean. It's very beautiful. And listen, they've grown more trees as compared to Accra. I mean, they've got so many trees in the city to understand. I say, look at me. I'm actually wearing a sweater on a sunny day. Because this place is also called San City, right? San City. What a Maya. I hug in the city. You don't need to go check out her YouTube channel. Subscribe and be part of an awesome channel. And everything that you want to know about Sinjani, I guess it's going to show you. Yeah. What's the name of your channel? Tatiana Aina. Aina, Tayo Aina. We are not related. You know, Tayo is called Tayo Aina and we call it Tatiana Aina. Tayo, you better look for her man. And you know something, most of the food bowlers in Ghana are from this place. Really? Yes. How I wish I have so much time to move around. Listen, I'm going to come back. Sure, you should. And I'm going to come back just because of you. Sugar. How? We have sugar with maize. So it's cooked with maize. I like how they package it. Yeah, this one. You find it in Ghana. We're not reaching. Yeah. He's familiar with it. He's a very social person. We both love it. Thank you. How does it taste? It tastes great. How does it taste? It's not good. When we have sugar, we don't eat sugar, It's not good. Oh. I can't eat it. How does it taste? It's not good. How is it? It's not good. How does it taste?  దివరిలా, మాతివాలాలిజి. ఆటరిచరిందాలా. ఱకియతాలా, ఎరిదారి. మామాల౿క క౿వరిందాలిక. మిదాలికాలి. ๧๢๒๗๟เ๠ํ๐๜๚๧๟๐๔๐้๑๔้๐็ํ๡๨๔๒์๔๔๓๛๠๠๟๔๟๔๝๨๟๏๟๚๑๔๚๑๙๋๜๚๙๑๔๜๪๹๙�.(๑´  ideia´๔๢๓๖๕๑๓๕๕๑๓๕๑๕๋๔๦๕๕๓๕๔๝๿๓๕๔๕๕๔๔๑๔๧๔๚๕๕๕๔๔๑๫๟๓๕๔๔  жиз  GORDOUisted  big table  роль                                                                                tuition                                                                                more of wine two suit and two suit this is theсе this one have tenues fifty person so shroud notes somedone its like aium two suit its like k созд that the juice from the k okay this may very and just like this one is koung its like הצchi koung it is like a much koung  Sharing                     や え   Skewer                     y       Isn                                                                     unl  adjacent   Ąa  lacks  Ąa ఠ్లుకుగు క్ల్ల్ఒన్లు త్లికులోస్నూచ్ల్గ్ Lilyатели Lily Lily Lily Lily It belongs to everybody. It belongs to everybody. Yes, so when they go there and pick the mangoes up, then they'll be selling it to us. So these are mangoes that they just went to pick it up from somewhere. Yes. It's not real for them, but it will sell it to me. Auntie, you have mangoes? Mumuwajou, I just... Maybe I'll call there. Mango where you're saying? Three cities with you away. Ten, nine. You have one city. See, the whole of this is density. Yes, yes. That's a lot of mangoes, man. This is the guy who introduced it to me. Oh wow! He said a year ago his friend told him to subscribe to my YouTube channel. And this is the friend. And you've met him. Yeah, that's life, you know. Interesting. Picture, picture. Where are we right now? We are at the everyday market. Everyday market? Yes. Because this place we distribute a lot of food around Ghana, we have Wednesday market too. Where all the villagers come here to sell their food styles to other people, they come here to buy to codivoa, Mali, codivoa Bokina. Why codivoa is close to this place? Oh wow! It's very close to this place. So people come all the way from codivoa to come and buy styles from here? Yes. But I feel like things here would be so cheap though, because it's kind of busy market. Yes. Selling green pepper, she's selling yam. Fifteen, twenty. Oh, nice. She's selling it for fifteen, twenty. What are we? What are we selling? What are we selling? Two cities. Two cities. We eat any food here. We want to play. We want to play. What are we selling? We want to play. What are you selling? I'm selling meat. What are we selling? I don't know. We are selling beef. We will sell all the food for the", වවවි� suppor of life. ව interesting.  infringement has been conserved as hit. සපෙවකකකකු යුක් ඨමහත් නාලි ක elbow. සනඳවි අති අ�午, 솔직�්ම෋ි වීේයා ඐලි ඦයා ඈවිකකි නාන්ති ලහප෫ණය ව Hao එකීයක්. preliminary 1 promptly 5 pier 1 how are you man? good to see you bro it's been an inspiration really? you're the guy out there and you have to get down nice to see you interesting man it's good to see you you based here? I'm based in Belgium I get guys about linear research videos really? you started something? here because of watching my videos I have to go and check the studio out so you just wait for me and I have to go and check it out whether you like it or not no no no I'm buying everything on your head right now what's your name? you? what's your name? no no no what's your name? what's your name? I'm from Belgium what's your name? you know me too this is something really local here that you will not find anywhere why? what is it made out of? african farm cow african farm cow maa kube what? is it orange? yes here we eat it if you don't know here we eat it and I've done a video about it how it prepared I need to go and check that out how do you say? 250 maybe 15 you can't get this anywhere in Ghana if percentage is because is that not beans or maize? maize it's eaten with maize that's the african farm that's the maa kube until my own also why is it hot? because it's hot I want to ask you all have you seen this before I mean they are telling me that they can only find this here first time I tried it it was something tried why do I have to try it here? you will have to squeeze your face excuse my face the more you drink it the more you appreciate it right now that's your first time I don't know if you are going to like it don't let it touch you drink it with the maize taste it with the maize get the maize every bit these are not real beets these are not real beets young cow what are the real beets? these are not real beets bigger ones these ones are plastic so these ones are not good but when you want beets you should get that when they mold with clay I don't know I don't know I don't know I just want to know if you are letting me watch do you have this on your waist? we have it me too I want to buy it you want to buy it let's go where can't I buy it? no you can't did you move in here? that was on last December after consuming too much of my videos designed to send this app in here what kind of services do you guys render here? we render on recovery event wedding event bed day event other photo shoots as well so how do people reach out to you? people normally contact us via our instagram page so from there you can get to reach us towards via our phone contact and via whatsapp as well is the services only in Singapore? no we render our services everywhere in Ghana and beyond the last one I shoot was in Germany in Stuttgart so we go as far as a European continent you better check out the link or go follow them on instagram if you ever need someone to shoot your wedding photos I guess is the best person to do that thank you what are you doing here? are you filming here? I am shooting here where are you from? where are you from? where are you from? are you doing video here? do you know the place? where are you from? where are you from? how are you guys? fresh from Muwati I have a good quality here why are you standing there? what are you doing? where are you from? I am here I am actually trying to find the cheapest place to live in Ghana And I believe that my audience love affordable things. And when I came in here, I think food is affordable. But the same affordability doesn't apply to housing in here. The funny thing is no. Oh wow. And the reason is very simple. If you come here, it used to be the clean city before a different city took over. And they are still working to get it back because every Saturday, they used to gather themselves up to clean. So I think maybe the next ranking I'll come up. Sunia is going to be first. Then that clean city started making people think okay, if you want a place to relax, you need a very strong place, you need a place that you can have a fresh air to breathe. And that's the reason why you see a lot of streets around. Yeah. So that started making people come here a lot. They used to say Kofordia flowers, meaning if you get to Kofordia, there's a lot of beautiful girls there. But now it's Sunia. That started making people come here. And those who came here for maybe service to work, they don't go back again. So they started renting. Because of that, most people who are also doing business, most come from Kumasi and Akra to do the business here. So they started building. And they start making, pairing the price with that of Kumasi and Akra. So for food, you get the cheap. You get your fresh air. There's clean environment that you're not going to get sick. I've never had a cold heartbreak here. But when it comes to rent, it's something that you have to pay expensively. What about buying houses? Buying houses is that cheap as compared to Akra and Kumasi. And I think the reason is, because here we don't have a very specific area or location that you say, okay, this is a rich area or this is a solar sphere, no. So you can even have, let me say, a plot in town. Like 5,000, 11, 12,000, 12,000 cities. The only time you buy a plot like, let me say, 50,000 class is when the plot is around a campus. You know, these hostels and that. Aside that, there's no area that you're going to say this is a rich area so you have to buy it, it's meant to know. Whoa. So I guess Sinyani is affordable to live in. Very, very affordable when you consider other price.  And the funny thing is, most of the rich guys here own either hardware, also tell the hostels. Okay. So I always say that if you are business man, you want to invest in hospitality. This is the best place to invest. He has a YouTube channel and tell us what you do on your channel. KissTVG is all about entertainment and then social issues. We know that in Ghana, a lot of times the hardships and the story of the hardships always bother people. So we take it upon ourselves to find a way to entertain you, to make sure that you can laugh. And also to make sure we talk about life issues, things that you can relate to, how you can develop yourself as a person. So entertain you at the same time you learn. KissTVGH is the channel. You go to YouTube, subscribe, attend on the discussion button, ask what the man like to say. It's by force. It's by force. To subscribe. To subscribe because as African brother, we are building each other. They say Koforiya is the place to find beautiful women. So I'm just going to see if I can find myself a woman. You can see single. Single. Single, I'm single. Hi. We are all single. We are all single. You know what single means? Single means you are dating and you are not married. So are you dating and not married? Maybe something like that. I want to say thank you so much for watching this video and don't forget to subscribe. And you know, I want to come to Sinyane. You know what? I've been drinking Cocoa a lot man. And I got Cocoa YouTube. Cocoa Specialist. Cocoa Whatsapp. Cocoa Tweet. If you ever come to Sinyane, make sure you come get yourself Cocoa from Nuan and Nong. Sanity. Yeah. I want to say I love you all. That's going to drop. So I want to say thank you so much and I hope you guys enjoy the Sinyane Vlog. I will see you all somewhere in Takrati. See you in the next one. My name is Mr. Ghana baby.