my second one, I'm excited. It's day two for me. Yeah, vlogmas day two. And if you're new here, hey girl, my name is Cara, do not forget to like, comment, and subscribe, and join me every day for the 25 days of Christmas with the vlogs. So yeah, so I am about to get ready to go to my facial today. I have a couple things I have to do today. But the first thing on my list is my face show. I just got ready and I just used my native deodorant. They just came out with this new candy cane scent just for the holiday season. And y'all know, native is like my go-to deodorant and I was so excited when they came out with some holiday scents. And this one is candy cane. I alternate between this one. They sent me these little mini ones. And you know, you can use these for travel. But I really, really, really love this sugar cookie one. Oh my God, y'all. It smells like just a warm vanilla. Like it just smells so good and festive for the holiday season and also it's a winter time now. So if you like holiday scents and stuff like that, hurry up and go get these because these are a holiday exclusive edition. So you don't wanna miss out on these scents. Also y'all know native is aluminum-free, paraben-free and also sulfate-free. And their main ingredients are coconut oil and shea butter. And I love coconut oil and I love shea butter because it's very moisturizing under my armpits. So I don't know if you guys know this. Native came out with plastic-free packaging and I love it so much. It's cute and compact and we're saving the earth, okay? Native is a proud partner of the 1% for the planet and commits 1% of the plastic-free purchases to environmental non-profits. So we're also giving back and saving the earth at the same time. So you'll be able to get these new native scents for the holiday season. All you need to do is click the link down below and use my code Kyra06. You'll be able to get a three pack of deodorants for $29 and it's normally $39. So that's 25% off. And then also, like I said, you can choose. You can choose the candy cane one and I really, really love the sugar cookie. I have to go back and get the full version. And then they also sent me a vanilla shy. This one smells really good. Like literally smells exactly like vanilla chai. And I've been into chai lattes lately. So that's really up my alley. So yeah, like I said, you'll be able to get these scents as well. All you need to do is click the link down below and use my code and you'll be able to get the native deodorant three pack for $29 and it's normally 39. And also with the holidays coming up, if you know somebody that is trying to get into new aluminum-free deodorants and stuff like that, you can give them. This is very good for stocking stuffers just so somebody can get introduced to aluminum-free deodorants because I know people, it's hard to find a natural good deodorant. So you can give this to somebody, stuff it in their stocking stuffer because I feel like this is a good gift to give. So yeah. So anyway, I'm about to get ready because I have to leave. I'm about to do something to my hair real quick and I will see you all once I'm on my way there because I have to go. And I'm with Marlena. I got entered, when did I meet you? Eight months? Yeah. This was when it had to be a while ago because this was when my face was breaking out like real bad. And Marlena was coaching me on how to save it. So that's how I got introduced to her. I found her on Instagram. She is like the best esthetician ever. And I had to take a break because obviously I had my BBL and I couldn't lay down for a long time. But now it's time to get it back racking because I haven't had a facial in a long time. Hey y'all, this is Marlena. So if you're in the Milwaukee area and looking for an esthetician, I'll put her Instagram on the screen and she's fine, y'all. Cribs out like a bee. Bee that's my bee. So now I'm about to be on my way to, y'all, if you have issues with any type of hair, any area, I really, really highly suggest you do laser hair removal because I had issues with my underarm for like the longest time. And when I tell you my hair does not grow back at all anymore, it's crazy how I had seen results right after the first treatment. And this one is gonna be my second one. And my underarms are so smooth and like my hair don't grow back anymore. So yeah, I'm pretty happy with my results on that so far. But yeah, it's lit. And I'm so hungry. And we were talking about, who are we talking about? I know some place that she told me to try. So I'll probably go there after my laser. But in my laser appointment, they didn't let me record last time. But this time I'm gonna act like I'm doing like an Instagram video or something on my phone so she doesn't know. So I'm gonna try and get it on camera for y'all just so y'all can see. And it's really like, it really hurts. Like I'm not gonna lie. It smells like it's burning. And I have a high pain tolerance and it's crazy because I'm like, oh my God, this hurts so bad. Y'all, so I stopped at Starbucks before my appointment and I'm trying this Irish cream. And it actually is pretty good. I add almond milk to mine. And this actually tastes like chocolate. This is really good. Anyways, I just had to show y'all that because who we're always looking at while looking for new Starbucks drinks will me. What are y'all favorite like holiday Starbucks drinks? Let me know. List them down below so I can try them. But I always gotta add almond milk cause I can't have dairy like that. It's bad for the skin. Hi, I'm here for my appointment. It sounds good. Thank you so much. Thank you. I'm just gonna wait and drink my coffee. This actually, it's not like, oh my God, this needs like more flavor. I like my stuff to taste like coffee but still have flavor. Yep, this is my second one. I'm excited. Amazing. Really good? Yes. Oh my God y'all, I had to get this on camera. I'm going to Grimaldi's to get my pizza. But oh my God, this is so cute. The most wonderful time of the year. The tree. Oh my God, that's so cute. I want to take a picture down here.  But yeah y'all, ew, my bun. But if y'all are in the Milwaukee area or like if you want to come out all the way to Brookfield, Grimaldi's, I ordered pizza. If you like pesto, they have a really good pesto pizza and just add pepperoni to it. It's so good. I had to get some.    But that is so cute. Oh my God.  It's so cute. What's up, Keith? But make sure you wash your hands when y'all come in the house because if you don't, that's nasty. Anyways, I'm gonna show y'all this pizza though. Like I'm so, so cute.   And it's like in the, what is it called? Stone oven. Yeah. Oh, a cold brick oven.  So anyways, I'm gonna eat this. Oops. I'm gonna eat this and chill and get some work done. It's only four o'clock and I might go meet up with Keisha later. So yeah, and I gotta charge my camera cause it's dying. I'll probably talk to y'all later on once I get ready for that. So I'll check with y'all after. Y'all, so yesterday I actually ended up doing nothing. But I got a few packages in. And so, I'm gonna end this vlog off with showing y'all one package that I got from Colin Terry. They sent me a few items. If you've been following me for a long time, you know that Colin Terry makes those really good.  And I took like a picture with them a long time ago and then I tried to recreate them. But she wrote me the other day and she was like, oh my God, do you need anything?  So I'm gonna see if she sent me them. And they're based out of Chicago. So it came pretty fast. So these are like, oh, good thing they're adjustable. So they adjust right here.  But they're like, what am I? Well, it's like a jean, but like, I don't know. It's like a bleach jean with like a pocket on the side right here. And I just really like this color. And especially anything like that looks like brown or anything like that is really like what I've been leaning towards with like wearing. I like chocolate, like the mocha colors this season. I'm really like into it. So I really wanted these pants. I think she gave me the matching hoodie. Yeah, she did.  This is really what I wanted too. It says call into it right here and like that. I don't even know what kind of text this is, but it's like stripped on the sleeve. And I like that it's on the sleeve and not on the actual sweatshirt. So I thought that was real cute. So this will be a cute little fit. Oh, she sent me hella shimmy.  But she sent me a lot of t-shirts. She sent me this cute long sleeve, like gold, cold and terry and monogram. She sent me some biker shorts, a few more biker shorts. Oh, I asked for this, this Columbia t-shirt. I thought it was just real cute. We're like since walking into something. Oh, and this says Chicago on the back and then on the front. It's plain. I love like black t-shirts that say stuff on the back. This will look cute with like some liquid leggings or something like that. I thought you were cute. And then she sent me like another tie-dye shirts. And then another one of those detailed in the middle. Oh, she sent me another color. Oh, I like this color with the Chicago on the back. I like this one. This one is really cute. See, I like these tones, like this taupey color and like mochas and browns. I don't know. Like it just looks really good on me. Let's see how this one looks. Let's see.   That's what it says. Cute. So shout out to her for sending me all this stuff. But anyways, y'all, I'm gonna end up this vlog and start off with a new one. So yeah, let these vlogmas vlog begin and I'll see you next video.


awfully quiet in here, just trying to understand what's happening. Well, we're just waiting for a couple of minutes before everyone joins. As you know, Kiriti is the vice chair of the group, so he's concerned that there is silence. How do I say your name? Sorry, is it Haohan? Yes, that's correct. Very rarely that people get it right on the first try. Okay. I'm pretty excited to hear a lot about AMM, so I'm doing a bit on token engineering myself as well, so I'm just really charged about trying to understand a little more about your value proposition and how you intend to solve some of the biggest problems in the world. We seem to have a pretty good audience here. 21 is the magic number, so we're going to start in a minute. First, I'm going to start recording, so I mean, I've already started recording, sorry. There are two things to say before we start. One is that we do follow the Linux Foundation's antitrust policy, so we are bound by that antitrust policy wherever we are, so if you do not wish to follow that antitrust policy, please get off the call. That is one. The second item is the code of conduct, which is that we all agree to abide by the Hyperledger code of conduct, which boils down to one thing, which is that we are not going to be disagreeable to each other even when we are disagreeing, so in a nutshell, and if you're not speaking, please go on mute because otherwise it's highly disruptive to the proceedings. I want to introduce now Haohan Zhu, who's the CEO of Epiphany and Roxy, two projects that I have written about and which you should know about. He has his legs firmly planted in both traditional finance and in the world of DeFi, so without waiting too much, let's start talking about how, I mean, Haohan is going to make his presentation. Thank you, Haohan, for showing up and let me bid you welcome. Hi, I apologize, I kind of just dropped because my internet connection went out, but I'm glad it sounds like I made it back on time. Yeah, you're right on the money with respect to, well, to use the phrase, you're right on the money. Okay, can you guys see my screen? Yes. Okay, all right, may I start? Yeah, let's give one more direction which is basically Haohan will go through the presentation and you can ask him questions after he finishes. It is not right to interrupt the flow of the presentation unless your question is so burning that you cannot restrain yourself. Anyway, without waiting too much, let's go here, Haohan, which is why we are here anyway. Okay, sure, sure. All right, so good morning to everyone who's tuning in at the moment. First of all, I want to thank Hyperledger and Dipin for giving me this opportunity. My name is Haohan, I'm the CEO and founder of two companies in the blockchain space, Epiphany and Roxy. Epiphany is a digital asset trading network. You can think of it as a change of privilege changes. We want to unify the fragmented markets in digital assets to provide traders the best liquidity and price discovery for digital assets. Roxy is a blockchain technology driven payment network that unifies the global payments systems so that central banks, payment companies and consumers can make the fastest, least expensive payment to anyone in the world. So that is a brief background about myself and my companies. So today I want to share some of my findings when building Roxy and discuss how DeFi protocols can bring additional benefits or even completely reshape the international business world. So as we all have heard, Bank of America recently joined PAXO's settlement service, which is an added proof of the entire financial industry on blockchain technology. But today I want to focus on how not only blockchain technology itself but also the blockchain applications can impact traditional finance. As some of you know, last year DeFi started to gain a lot of traction and it created a large impact on how traditional finance works. One of the most notable examples is how Uniswap a decentralized crypto exchange reshaped how crypto was traded by using its innovative automated market maker model to change the traditional central limit order book model, which equity and FX markets still use today. So last September, Uniswap surpassed Coinbase in monthly trading volume by nearly 2 billion. That is more than 10%. So this will be the agenda for today. For those of you who are very familiar with the first two parts of the agenda, please bear with me or just treat it as a quick review. Yeah, so to get into the topic, first I want to talk about how the international rhythm is where it works. So international rhythm is just another way of saying cross-border rhythm is a cross-border money transfer has many has many problems with different causes today. It is very slow, expensive, it's risky, it lacks transparency, and it's challenging for smaller banks to perform. So for the purpose of today's topic, I will focus on an expensive problem, which is partially caused by FX trading. I will explain where it is in the international process and how it can be improved with the DeFi protocols. So here's the image. Here's the image I borrowed from the internet to demonstrate the relationships between all the participants in FX trading in the international missed context. So banks constantly need to perform FX due to different business demands. So the FX may not happen every time that admitter is sending money. However, the bank usually quotes the admitter FX trade around the real-time market price. So to the admitter, it doesn't make a difference. Yeah, it'd be loose. How long? Yeah, I think we did. He may have an unstable network connection. He may have an unstable, yeah, maybe he's not even aware that he's off. Yeah, I'm going to contact him. Yeah, because sometimes when you're speaking, you're not aware. So this is kind of interesting because if we cannot manage a Zoom connection, how can we go to DeFi with maturity? Yes, so Mike, do you have anything to add to this? Because you're visible now, Mike Fertman. You're muted, Mike. No, except that it's a good thing that maybe that Zoom isn't the one running a DeFi platform, but we'll get a hold of it. But I don't think it has anything to do with Zoom. It has to do with local connectivity. Talk about decentralization in that sense that every one of us has sort of got their own connection. So if you have a poor connection, it's very difficult to take the conversation forward. Dan, you're unmuted. Is there any reason? Are you going to say something? Yeah, he's going to say that even for centralized networks is a challenge with network. Yeah, everything that relies on connectivity from unreliable sources is challenged. One of the things is that we have to talk about is, oh, how on your back? Wonderful. Oh, we were there. I apologize. This happens very rarely, and this is the worst time for this to happen. I apologize for that. Can you guys hear me? Yeah, yeah. We can hear you now. We can see you. We can see the screen. Yeah, I'm sorry. Where did you lose me? Here, when you're talking about the international remittance infrastructure as it exists today, that's when we lost you, about the fact that the banks have to court a rate, almost a real-time rate. Okay, yeah. I see. I'll just continue off there. I was saying there's no centralized exchange for FX, so FX works like an OTC market. Just like crypto trading, there's no centralized market that trades a certain FX pair. However, there are primary markets like London, New York, Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo. A lot of trading today, it's done through there and through electronic messaging or trading system effects. Like this picture shows, the foreign exchange market has a lot of participants, banks, international corporations, central banks, investment firms, hedge funds, FX brokers, and investors, et cetera. It is by far the largest market in the world, with 6.6 trillion per day volume back in 2019. When you go to the bank and most online providers to convert currencies, you most likely won't get the market price that traders or institutions get in the market. The bank exchange house or the remittance company, whatever your point of contact is, will mark up the price so that it can make a profit. The US dollar to Mexican peso price is like 19.8, like today, somewhere around there. The market is saying it costs 19.8 Mexican pesos to buy one US dollar. At the bank, however, it can cost 20.5 Mexican pesos. Banks and online remittance services are allowed to add a markup and charge fees. The difference between the market exchange rate and the exchange rate bank charge or the bank make their profit. Sometimes this costs is higher because banks have to go to brokers, and brokers will charge an additional fee as well, which later on is imposed on to you as an end user. Since it is an OTC marketing FX trading, you do not get to see the exact market price at which your currency is converted by the bank. Although as an end user, you can open multiple bank accounts in different countries, you might send money to and trade FX market yourself. It is just too much hassle for an average person. Because of all I explained above, today, remitters are losing large amounts of money to FX spreads or just hidden costs that banks charge them or just charged by other institutions to banks that impose on to you. That is a little background on the FX trading in the remittance world. What is decentralized exchange using an automated market maker model and how does it work? An automated market maker is a type of decentralized exchange protocol where the liquidity of the market comes from pools of funds that are contributed by the users. The price of the asset mathematical formula instead of supply and demand in the order book model. Instead of using an order book like a traditional exchange, assets are priced according to a price algorithm. This formula can actually vary with each protocol. For example, Uniswap uses x times y equals to k, where x is the amount of one token in the liquidity pool and y is the amount of the other token. In this formula case of fixed constant meaning the pool's total liquidity always has to remain the same. Other automated market makers will use other formulas for other use cases. Uniswap was the first one to do this. For simplicity, I will use them as example to demonstrate how it works here. An automated market maker is very similar to an order book exchange in that there's many trading pairs. For example, Ethereum against USDT. However, you don't need to have a counterparty on the other side to make a trade.  The people who are actually allowing the smart contract to make the market are the ones providing liquidity into the smart contract. These people are called liquidity providers. Liquidity providers add funds to the liquidity pools. You could think of a liquidity pool as a big pile of funds that traders can trade against. In return for providing liquidity to the protocol, liquidity providers are fees from the trades that can happen in their pool. In the case of Uniswap, liquidity providers deposit equivalent value of two tokens. For example, 50% Ethereum and 50% USDT to the Ethereum against USDT pool. The amount of each token will be determined by the pricing algorithm at the moment. When a trader is trading on Uniswap, sorry, apologize, the amount of token that you have to put in will be determined by the pricing algorithm at the moment. When a trader is trading on Uniswap, they're actually exchanging funds with the pool of liquidity. Anyone can become a market maker in this case, so as long as the person has a crypto wallet and the rewards are determined by the protocol. For example, Uniswap charges traders 0.3% fee that goes directly to liquidity providers. In summary, what Uniswap did using automated market maker was that they decentralized the role of market makers to the people and allowed people to reap the benefits of market making and take on the risk, but in a much easier way. You no longer need the sophistication nor the capital to be a market maker. How can all this be applied to international means and make it better? If you understood the previous parts, you probably already have a rough idea. We can use the AMM protocol to facilitate FX trading and benefit the international means by eliminating intermediaries like market makers and pass the benefits to the emitters. However, the solution is not as simple as just taking the entire AMM model into FX trading. It has a few tweaks. These are something we've done in Roxy, so I just want to share them. One of them would using an external oracle instead of using an equation to price the asset to improve the pricing curve. These oracles can be market data providers used by major FX markets. By using the mid-priced data as prices prior to the market data, which is consistent with the real-time prices in the FX market, the price curve generated would be smoother and provided trading price closer to the current market price, which can effectively reduce trading slippage. On the other hand, reduce traders trading losses and also reduce impermanent losses. Automated market makers pass the reliant arbitrage algorithm to adjust prices usually. The external oracle also proactively flattens the price curve in the same direction to ensure that the area around the market price remains stable. This ensures that there's sufficient liquidity to be continuously available basically. In other words, most of the funds that are concentrated near the market price, which makes trading more active and increase the utilization funds. I illustrated in one of the early slides, remitters take on most of the cost that is charged between intermediaries by their first point of contact. Remitters are getting very little under idle capital. With AMN in place, we can eliminate intermediaries while passing benefits with their mid-script and contribute liquidity to AMN protocols and earn the profits that is earned by the FX market makers usually. For those who know impermanent loss of the AMN protocol, it would be minimal since the assets themselves do not fluctuate much in value, as much as cryptocurrencies. The returns are high since FX has high volume to liquidity ratio in this case. That is all for the content I'm presenting today and I'm very open to some questions. Thank you everyone. That's a quick walkthrough of this whole space in very rapid way. There are some questions which seem to have been answered on the call itself. I think the more interesting aspects of this is one is obviously how to deal with volatility. In your curve, the construction of your curve, we have obviously tried to smooth the curve out without rapid jumps and jerks. That is a characteristic of a crypto market. Can you explain that concept a little more? That seems to be the major innovation that your solution has compared to, let's say, Uniswap or something else. So for the automated market maker protocols, you can kind of, so personally I see that as two parts. One part is the automated market maker part, which allows anyone to provide liquidity. Another part is the pricing. It's how each one of these protocols do pricing. Most of them use equations. It's a constant product model. So in that case, in that case, K has to say constant. So X and Y, sorry, I'm trying to go to the slide that explains that. Yeah, X, Y are always changing because people are always swapping funds in and out of the pool. And the pricing algorithm is dependent on these variables as well. So sometimes this slippage can be very big, as you can imagine. When you make a trade, you can have impact on the variables in the equation and the price can be impacted too. And you don't want that to happen because generally Ethereum or any other popular crypto that's being traded in Uniswap have other markets as well. And they may have better prices. And this is a problem that happens in crypto just in general. There's too many markets for the same currency. And you're just going to get bad slippage wherever you are. But Uniswap with the pricing, it's a smart model, but it can make slippage a lot worse. So a lot of protocols have done things to use different equations or what we do. We just use an external oracle. So we basically, we would just use an external market data source, probably a very trustable source used by the major FX markets. So in this case, we have a better price curve. That's no longer dictated by equations. So when users putting funds, it doesn't necessarily have to be, like what are the equation tells you? It can just be the market price. So when you're being traded against as a liquidity provider, you lose less. And when you're trading, the liquidity provider actually provides funds to a ratio that's closer to the market price. Yeah. So this is Kirti here. Just a quick question. Could you explain the mechanism for the liquidity piece? So if you go on slide eight, I'm referring to slide eight. So what are LP shares? Sorry, I didn't quite understand that. Oh, yes. Yes. So LP shares. So for a normal user, the concept of LP shares is not as important. So LP shares are basically just like a receipt of your liquidity in the pool. Okay. Yeah.   The LP shares just equates to however much liquidity you have compared to the entire pool. Yeah. Okay. Okay. So this is pretty interesting because I'm looking at the balancer protocol, which is based on the value function. I'm trying to kind of understand this broadly. It's a very similar model. So did you say this uses a different function altogether, Uniswap pool? Yeah. I think balancer uses a very different function. Balancer actually is trying to improve up on Uniswap with the equation and many other aspects. But I think Uniswap, it was the first to do the automated market maker protocol. I think that is a cool part because not only does this change things in like ethics trading and like internationalness, but also it can be done in like equity trading or other trading as well. Because usually how the markets work today is like everything is pretty much done on the central limit order book model. You just see order book and the market makers are the ones like putting in these quotes. They're the ones for selling the trades. It's very crucial to have healthy market making, to have an efficient market in a lot of these, in all assets essentially. But automated market maker essentially completely reshapes that so anyone can become a market maker. So liquidity is provided in a very different way and everyone's rewarded for providing liquidity, just like how market makers are in traditional equity or ethics. They will get rebates or can do arbitrage. Yeah. Interesting. So also another point that I wanted to touch upon is all of this stuff is non-custodial, right? So this is non-custodial and completely defying nature because it is running on completely on contracts. Yes. So I'm not sure what you mean by custodial. So I think it is custodial by the contract. Yeah. But it's not about like no like single-party custody, you know, any of the funds. So like anyone can use this as long as, you know, people have a crypto wallet and when you send your tokens to the contract, the contract will give you LP shares in return to prove that, to receive for these tokens being deposited in the pool. And the contract now has all your tokens. Yeah. Which you can redeem anytime with the LP shares. Yeah. So the contract is, in a sense, an omnibus wallet? Yes. Yeah. You can think of it like that. Yeah. Meaning it aggregates all of the different people's assets in a limited number of wallets. I don't know whether it's one or, you know, let's say five or whatever. Yeah. So for example, like the liquidity pool contract, like the setup contract for the liquidity pool for like Ethereum against USDT, let's just say, has all the funds that liquidity providers for that pair provided into it. Yeah. And they like distinguish which funds sponsor who with the LP shares. Yeah. So it seems to me another way to look at this is a little bit like you're running an auction. And I guess the question is, is the auction continuous or is it timed? Because if it's continuous, there's definitely the possibility of favorably gaining market. I can put in a certain amount to sell versus a small amount to buy that will push the market, that has to push the market down, transact a small amount, and then remove the rest of my order and then come back and go the other way. I mean. Oh, no. Maybe I didn't explain it like very clear. Or maybe you can help me understand like I'm not sure how it works as an auction in this case, because like, because like when you're trading, you're trading against the pool funds.  But the prices here are like given by the equation. Yeah. Well, the auction, the way that the auction price is determined is about by the volume that's been contributed on either side, I assume. There's a buyer, there are buyers in their sellers, and a certain volume at no price. And then a price is determined based on, you know, the liquidity, the balancing of liquidity. Right.  If I'm a buyer and you're, sorry, if I'm misunderstood, then maybe a re-explanation is the right choice rather than an example. Yeah. So, so yeah, there's no, there's really no like buyers and sellers in the protocol. So, so during any transaction, there's, there's only like two rows, just a buyer, just so like in the buying situation, just a buyer and the liquidity provider. Like that's it. Yeah. So like there's no, there's no counterparty on the other side. So, so how, so let's just say right now, there's no buyers or sellers at all. And they're, they're like, for simplicity, I'm just like oversimplifying the example.  And by the way, when you provide liquidity, you have to put in, you have to put in both tokens. So when you're providing liquidity for the Ethereum against USCT pair, you have to provide both Ethereum and USCT pair. And however much you, however much you provide is determined by the pricing equation. So after a bunch of liquidity providers provide the funds into the pool, a trade, a buyer or seller comes in. When you're, when you're buying Ethereum, you have to, you're buying with USCT, right? So you have to put USCT into the pool and take Ethereum out of the pool. So you're exchanging with the pool. Yeah. And how much the pool thinks you should pay for Ethereum? It's determined by the pricing, by the pricing equation. Yeah. So yeah. Money, maybe you can answer some of this stuff about how it's different from an auction because you are the expert. Yeah. The interesting thing is that in a centralized exchange, you are, there is a price at the exchange. In the AMM protocol, you are looking at, as if I'm a buyer or a seller, I am looking at an external price to come up and say, oh, this is better for me to buy our cell from the, from the liquidity pool. So that works as long as there's an external reference price, right? If, for example, if all centralized markets goes down, argument's safe, where is the reference price? Even for the case of automated marketing? Correct. Yeah. Because why would I want to buy, forget about the liquidity provider? I'm a trader. I look at the reference price elsewhere and I see what's in the pool is favorable to me if I buy or sell Ethereum. So then I accordingly make a decision to put dollars and take out Ethereum or put Ethereum and take out dollars. That's because I have a reference price from most likely a centralized source. Oh, I see your question. Yeah. Yeah. So I think, I think I kind of briefly mentioned, so like, in order to have like price that's healthy in the AMM protocol, these protocols kind of rely on like arbitrageers a lot of times. So like, so you're 100% right. Because there's no reference price. And like the price, the price of like Ethereum in the AMM protocol can essentially be like very, very far from like the centralized markets. However, arbitrageers will take advantage of this. So that's why like when Uniswap first came out, there were a lot of like people who are trying to copy Uniswap, so it's open source. So like, so like people just made Uniswaps and like they like the contracts were like Ethereum against USCT pool. The prices were like insanely far. Like Ethereum can be like a thousand and the pool can just be like 800.  But like as soon as people discover there were these like smaller Uniswaps out there, they just started doing arbitrage into these pools to facilitate trading volume. So like part of the reason why Uniswap became like gained so much trading volume was because of that, because of your point. Yeah, there's no reference price. Like there's no external reference price. So like the price here's determined by the algorithm. So it constantly deviates from, you know, whatever reference, referencing exchange people are using. So like arbitrageers are constantly taking advantage of this. But right now, today's very hard to do that. The market is relatively equal because, you know, Ethereum gas fee is too high. Every time you place a transaction into Uniswap, you need to pay gas fee. Yeah. So there's relatively like very little room for arbitrage. Yeah. So to add to refer to the original part of an auction, this is a continuous market, a contiguous market as opposed to an auction where there is a set period comes in, everybody contributes and then the price gets set. And that's when, you know, the auction really kicks in. This is somewhere between, let's say an auction and a centralized exchange, because in centralized exchange, assuming that it's got a lot of liquidity, it's continuously executing here, there can be moments of illiquidity in an AMM. However, I take your point as more and more AMMs gain power and it becomes almost behaves like a centralized exchange. Yes. Yes. There's like a lot of things. Yeah, AMM is just like a very different animal than, you know, centralized market. Like some like, because most of the transactions, all the transactions are on chain. And when you see large trade, you can essentially front run the trade with like more gas fee. That happens actually. So there are like thoughts that monitor trades like it's going to uniswap and they will like pay with higher gas fee to front run that large trade. Yeah. And also you need, yeah, sorry, go ahead. No, no, no problems. The gas piece is more of a temporary phenomenon. I wouldn't worry too much because you have layer two solutions coming on. And also, so it's more of, you know, how, how reliable these pools are compared to a centralized exchange. Yeah. I think, I think, yeah, the pools are relatively more reliable because it's on the contract. And, and, and, you know, like the contract's already pre written and there's no, you know, private keys to a contract. So it's very difficult to hack the pool versus a centralized exchange, like market makers or anyone on the exchange can get hacked. So that's like the issue with the centralized exchanges. So like, by in terms of pricing, yeah, the, like the pool, it can, it cannot be very reliable depending on the equation. That's why uniswap cannot be three. They were trying to improve. They came up with this thing called price bands. You can choose what, like within what price bands you want your pool to be working. Yeah. So that means some kind of a high water and low water marks that allow for trading to happen with your, with your, you know, whatever you put into the pool. I mean, I think the main point is whether centralized, decentralized, or else, else wise, the two operating principles, which is liquidity and price discovery operate no matter what. And if the deviation happens, then there are meant to be either bought based automatic trading or actual human arbitrage that will take care of that opportunity and drive the price to the mean towards the right price. At least that is the idea. But when there's huge volatility, this can, you know, this can be overthrown, right? I mean, that's a whole problem with today's market, too.  So are you aware of any such sort of feedback loops, negative feedback loops that will cost the market to swing wildly? And have there been such occasions in inside AMM protocols? Yeah. So first of all, I think if I understood correctly, so like offering more on one side and the other, the protocol wouldn't allow you to because when you're, when you're the pot, so like when you're offering liquidity into the pool, it's based on the price.  Like however much you want, you put into the pool is like determined by the protocol. So the protocol will tell you at this moment, if you want to, if you want to put in 10, you can get into the pool, you have to put in at least this much USDT. Yeah. So when you are contributing to the pool, you're kind of, it's kind of like a market maker, you're like an adverse selection, I guess. So you're kind of agreeing that it's, you're kind of agreeing that like this is the price that I want people to trade into Uniswap and utilize my funds for. So like, so when you put funds into the pool, the price is pretty much already like predetermined like the moment you do it. And then when volatility happens, so volatility on A&M protocol actually happens like in quite a few different ways. I'd say since it's very different from like traditional markets. So in the traditional market, volatility can happen due to like a huge discrepancy in like supply and demand, in like short amount of time, and like other things as well. And that of course will also affect the A&M protocol because of arbitrariers. They will constantly try to you know, equate the price between the between a centralized and decentralized. Yeah. So and also in the protocol, volatility can cause by another thing, which let's say if one day everyone really hated Uniswap, I just think like there's a huge security risk and they start removing funds from the pool. And all of a sudden now when traders come in, they realize that there aren't enough funds in the pool to trade against. So it's going to cause a lot of slippage. And all of a sudden like the constant model would change if the constant, so there's less in X and Y. So like constant will be like smaller and the prices will get affected too. So people removing funds from the pool would also affect the price because like now people are less inclined to trade because there's less liquidity and that can cause volatility too. Yeah. But the formula that X multiplied by Y is equal to K, a constant, presupposes a exchange rate between X and Y, right? I mean, otherwise. Yes, yes. So does that get constantly adjusted? Or how frequently does it get adjusted? Meaning obviously the price of Ethereum versus USDT is a changing amount. It is not constant. Yes. So like whenever trades happen, I guess, your question. So in that case, how do the liquidity providers have to act? Like does fund get withdrawn on one side because that ratio now changes if I'm the liquidity provider? Oh, okay. I see your question. So like when that changes and you haven't provided liquidity yet, like and this happens quite often during like volatile times when prices change all in your new swap. So like when the prices are changing quite frequently, you're trying to provide liquidity and you submit this transaction to the contract. The contract would tell you, oh, there's not sufficient amount of token on the other side because like at the time when you provided liquidity, the price was this. But when the timing hits the contract, it's like the price is something else. The contract is kicking back your transaction. So like, yeah, like a lot of times it doesn't work. Like when the market is volatile because the gas fee, your pain is probably also less. So it has to delay. Yeah. So to your question, when you already provided liquidity and your liquidity is in a pool.  And as like price, as the price goes up, like you can, as the price of Ethereum goes up, you can end up with like, so sorry, let me just start over again. So like, let's say you have like a thousand USCT and one Ethereum, and that's like 1% of the pool, right? And people are trading, people are buying Ethereum, and the pools, the pools having more USCT and Ethereum is getting taken out. So right now, your 1% of the pool is probably like 1,010 USCT versus like zero point however many Ethereum, but that's still 1% of the pool. Yeah. So that's how your liquidity would, how your portion of the liquidity would change as trade happens. And now, yeah, and those of you who know in permanent loss, this is like how that happens, because now you no longer have 1,000 USCT and one Ethereum, you just have 1,000 and however many USCT, and zero point whatever Ethereum and the price if you have changed. So your total dollar value also differs from what you had in the beginning. Yeah.  A lot of it is compensated by because of the fees you collect, because of the fees from the pool, transaction fees in the pool gets distributed, but still potentially you could lose some money as a liquidity provider. Not only that, there's a whole other issue of tax issues, because you were originally as a pointer or you put in one Ethereum, now you're going point A, and there's a price difference you're buying and selling. I don't know how that has an impact on your tax issues. On tax issues, you said? Yeah, on tax. Yeah, but basically, you're no longer getting back the original tokens, you're getting a completely different ratio of tokens when you pull out of the liquidity. So it creates its own tax issues. Yeah, I'm actually not sure how tax will work for Uniswap contract, and actually in the past couple of weeks, I've spoke to a couple of accountants because I use Uniswap quite a lot. And it seems like the fee you generate would just be interest, but since you're interacting with the contract, and sometimes when you're removing your funds from the contract, like you said, like the value of things can be very different, it's sort of like a very complex derivative. I guess, yeah, so I'm still not sure how it would work. Yeah. How does it all apply to the FX market?  Because in the marketplace of FX, it's a big bank that has the liquidity today because of the way the flows happen. Mm-hmm. How will this, your proposal will change that equation? Yeah, so yeah, so first I want to point out one thing about AMM. So in permanent loss, it's actually like a huge downside in AMM, and this happens mostly in like trading pairs like a stable coin against some like other crypto when like the prices change a lot. But one trading pair that's always done really, really well, uniswap, it's a USDC against USDT trading pair, because essentially just two stable coins trading is each other, right? And there's essentially zero risk, zero in permanent loss on the trading pair because it's just $1 to $1 USD. So like this trading pair has quite amount of volume also. So like if you stake in this pool, your returns are somewhere around like 8% to 10% every year, which is very, very good compared to like financial markets. So like I realized that AMM protocol actually works very well on like very stable access, which like fiat is relatively stable, like most countries. Yeah, and in FX markets, so like you said, banks are most timely liquidity providers, but if you look at how the market works, remitters or like the end users, like people with that savings, they kind of banks, they put their money in the bank. But like sometimes bank will leverage these money to like market makers and like other traders as well. And like these people who leverage money from the bank, which are yours, are getting like a crazy amount of benefits in the FX market, because they like make money trading or market making harbor. And banks also get benefits by providing liquidity to the market, either the FX market themselves or they lend that money to market makers in the FX market. So this essentially changes the whole game. So like end users who originally deposited money in the bank for the bank and those institutions to reap the benefits, like now that model has changed. The end user can now just have a crypto wallet and directly market make themselves and directly FX trade themselves into the pool. So they're trading, so they're utilizing funds that's being deposited by other users as well. And for end user, you're also putting in funds without the users to trade. You're getting much more return than what you're doing with your money at the bank today, just in the FX trading context. Yeah, so that's kind of my thought process behind that. I'm not sure if I really clarified that. That's good. It comes to the point. I mean, I just want to highlight that our hedge funds are now trying their feet into this marketplace. They're using, always creating a separate hedge pool for the institutional market. Is that something that you would be also thinking in similar terms? Yes. I follow pretty closely on DeFi. So yeah, that's something I'm thinking of. Like you said, I think that proves how well the end-end model works because it's very hassle-free. You just need the capital. You don't even need the sophistication of market makers. You don't need certain algorithm to be market making. So I think it's a very good model. I'm definitely thinking about that. I don't mean to talk about Roxy too much. But for us, every node or every partner that we work with has to be KYC. Even for consensus layer, which is our Roxy chain, we use an alliance chain model. So every node, we have to KYC every node. Because in the in the, you know, in the finance world, we need to fulfill the compliance needs. I just wanted to go back to the point on what you're proposing for the remittant, the remitters to then just be using the swap function as, because they would ultimately act like unknowing arbitruers. I mean, there'd be a central, there's a central place they could go to, which is called the currency markets, as they understood now, or they'd be looking for, I assume, a better price on these things and sort of acting as the arbitrar as their traffic is coming, is coming through. Or are you proposing that they should be liquidity providers? Just because I was thinking two reasons, they don't generally have both of the currencies, or they're trying to like submit, remit the fund. Yeah. Yeah. So like a couple of things I want to answer there. So like first, first, there are ways to provide liquidity. So you need swap, you have to provide both the tokens. There are ways to provide liquidity where you can provide only one side. And for us, we're doing that. Yeah, I think it's actually already finished. So you can provide liquidity on just one side. How it works is actually pretty complex. So maybe I won't like spend too much time into that. It's in our white paper, but yeah, but you can, yeah, you can provide liquidity to get more returns. So that's that. But if you just want to remit, there's more to it. So if you think about it, the reason why this plays so well in international needs is not because it's just a new model for trading. It's actually because how DeFi works. So if you think about it, traditionally, when you're actually going to the FX market to exchange from the currency, you need a bank account that holds that currency. Not all bank accounts holds more than one currency, right? Like in the U.S., like your bank account probably holds like can hold like Euro and a bunch of other stuff. But in most of the countries, it can't hold more than one currency. But in crypto, this works differently. So instead of using like an account-based paradigm, like where you have to open an account for each type of asset, in crypto, it's actually a token-based paradigm. So your account essentially is your wallet can hold multiple type of assets. So this changes things dramatically.  So when you're exchanging to the pool with a USD stable coin, you're already getting back the Euro stable coin in your wallet already. You don't need like a bank account to actually send the traditionally effects. You probably need like an account that holds a Euro to send it elsewhere or to just own it, to do whatever, to spend it, to do whatever you want. But in crypto, the token-based paradigm actually changes that by a lot. So that's why like another point I want to say that's been probably interesting in this. Yeah, so that's all like when CBDCs come out, like we'll really see like a good adoption in this. Yeah, because like when interoperability happens, like in a single wallet, people can hold multiple types of currencies, which is really, really good. Yeah. I just want to follow up. So if you're going to only buy one so that you're not going to get the liquidity pool token, because you're not going to actually own or will you get the liquidity pool token, even if you put one token in? Because the liquidity pool token represents a share of the pool. Yes, yes. Your liquidity pool token, yeah, not only represents the share of the pool, also it's kind of like a receipt of your participating in the pool. And you're going to the fees. Yes, yes. And yeah, so like there's other protocols also have liquidity tokens. So like a curve, balancer, a couple of other exchanges as well. They don't use a constant equation and you also don't have to, and a curve also, a curve even uses like three tokens in the pool or like four tokens in the pool. Yeah, so they can all work very differently. So like you can still provide one side and get liquidity. It maybe just represents your share differently. Yeah. Yeah, I'm just thinking about from the benefit of the remitter, because they're going to put one in and they're going to get a share based on a calculation that would give them the share of the liquidity, the portion of the pool based on a formula, I'm assuming. And then, so that's, I was just thinking about how it like economically might really improve upon what is currently the structure, because there's also intermediary functions inside of this. Yes. So you've gotten rid of intermediaries, there's those intermediary transactions that are still occurring. Yeah. Yeah, that one has like a fee attached to it. Yeah. Yeah, I think there's a lot of components in there. Yeah, I think what's happening here is that this is actually fiendishly, well, maybe not fiendishly, but complicated. We have just touched upon, you know, some of the concepts and Mark, money and QT and others have, you know, tried to get at the details of this. And this is, you know, in order to read about the Roxy, you can read their white paper or you can read my interpretation of their white paper in Forbes, which talk about the intermediate currencies and so on. And we are at the top of the hour. So unfortunately, we have to, we have to, you know, finish the session and get off, but we can always extend it by a few minutes, depending on, of course, how one's time and everybody else's time. The, I think we have to follow up on this and we have to do a deeper dive into the AMM stuff, but with an open call like this, it's very difficult because we don't know whether the same people will show up in the next call, whether we need to go over the same ground again, you know, it's always like that. So maybe we'll have a backgrounder that people are required to read before, before we start on the, you know, how the intermediate currencies work and so on and so forth.  And that's why we have it here in this capital markets, especially in this group. Of course, it can be also extended to other types of assets, which is the beauty of the capital market space that you would be able to try, trade, let's say, Tesla stock for USD, but I don't know whether you can still trade Tesla stock for IBM stock. I mean, that's, that's going to be a different thing altogether. You know, that's almost like making those assets interoperate in a novel in different ways. Because we always go to the intermediate currency, fiat currency, meaning selling Tesla for USD, then US using the USD to buy IBM, you know, something like that. But all of this is very interesting. And I think we have to continue this conversation later. And I want to thank Haohan for showing up. If there's anybody else who has anything else to add, we'll be glad to hear that. Thank you. Is there any anyone who wishes to talk about something similar, but, you know, in a short period like 30 seconds or something like that? Well, I guess right now we end the session and we'll continue our conversation on Balancer, on Avi, and of course, Roxy. And thanks to Haohan and to Eric. And we'll keep in touch. Thank you. Yeah, no, thank you for having me. Really. I'm sure people probably have a lot more questions. So my telegram and my contact info is here. And also for both of my companies also here, I do enjoy it in free time answering people's random questions about crypto trading, high frequency trading, or just blockchain or DeFi stuff in general. So feel free to DM me on Twitter or just reach out to me on Telegram hours long. Yeah. But really, thanks a lot, everyone, for being here and being really engaging as well. And yeah, again, thanks to Vipin for having me and Hyperledger for the opportunity. Yeah. Yeah, thank you. Thank you, Vipin. Eric here. I really appreciate it. Thank you. And we'll meet again soon. Kirti, you have something to say? No, not at all. Thanks, everyone. Cheers. All right. All right. Thanks, everyone. Have a great day. Bye-bye.


The shadowed protest by a coalition of non-governmental organizations against popular Yoruba actor, Ulari Waju Uminka, popularly known as Babayjeta, has been called off. According to the group, they decided to cancel their protest because the Commissioner of Police in Lagos state Hakim Odumosu assured them that the alleged offence is not a bailable one. Plus, TV Africa's correspondent Destiny Momo has more. While the last is yet to be heard on alleged sexual assault by the actor Ulari Waju Uminka, also known as Babayjeta, the Lagos police command has doused the tension relating to the rumored release of the suspect due to lack of evidence with an assurance of justice being served. The planned placard carrying peaceful protest was brought to a halt as the Commissioner of Police assured the protesters that the suspect is under their custody. But I want to assure the public that we should not be ashamed. Many people refuse to report case of gender violence because of stigmatization and that stigmatization now helps a lot of people to continue to perpetrate it. So appeal to the public, no matter how minor it is, please speak out. Some of the leaders who were satisfied by the CP's disposition say they will follow the case to a logical conclusion. But for the CP's comment and what he has said to us today, I think I am going down with that and I am okay with his comment and what he has given us that is assuring us as CSOs, as NGOs out there that we should continue to do more advocacy and also he told us that the police are ready to work with us to make sure that anyone that commits any violence against children or women will be taken to court. All the issues ironed out and tackled amicably and he has given his word that the offender will not go unpunished. So yes, we are satisfied with what he said. He debunked everything we have seen on social media so there is no need for the placard again. On that case, we placards. But for now the CP has assured us of due diligence and that this case will not be truncated. He is going to go by the tenets of the law and make sure that this case gets justice. So for now, no more placards. Antonia Ujenakbom, a survivor of sexual gender-based violence says the healing journey becomes easier with speaking out. She also addressed the argument of men being victims of sexual violence. Your healing journey becomes easier. And the first step to hear it is for you to speak out. We need to start encouraging the men to speak out. When a man speaks out, it doesn't make any waves. Placks were given to the advocates to further remind them that the police is very much interested in ensuring that sexual gender-based violence is eliminated and offenders severely punished. Destin Momo for Plus TV Africa.


We have a second dumper being put into Ridley Terminal. That also will help for the expansion of coal shipments through Ridley Terminal. Obviously a vital link for northeast British Columbia, the coal that comes out of there, the Tumblridge-Chetwinde area, but also other areas. It has expanded. It is taking coal from south of the border. It takes coal from Alberta. So the expansion with the second dumper at Ridley Terminal. Another great new story for British Columbia and certainly the people of Prince Rupert as well.


Wait mate, too late! You don't want to hear a Scottish guy, you're just needing a French guy, I think that's the biggest French. Alright, let's go Druid or something. I'm gonna try and cross. He's bare with three boys, right? No, no, no, he's bare with three boys. Okay, we go Warrior, okay? Yeah, okay. It's a small kidney. Can I fit? Yes, yes, yes. How can the main fella here? I don't know, I don't see. How about you? I'm gonna drink it. We can do the thing again. He missed on to me carefully since then. I don't know, but... Yeah. Kidney? I've got double dots. Druid's gonna resist fair. Nope. Got a perfect parthing. No, it's hot though. Okay, okay, okay, I didn't, this one. Blackout.


Hi, at the ATF we'd love you to know that we're the good guys and you might have questions and we'd love to answer them. You might be asking, why do we need an agency for alcohol, tobacco and firearms if all of those things are already legal and we're so glad you asked. A lot of people have been wondering how we could ban bump stocks and now pistol braces claiming that we're violating ex-post de facto law, which is specifically called out in the Constitution, Article 1, Section 9, however that section refers to Congress making laws and we're not Congress, so everything is quite okay. The ATF has a long and honorable history of peaceful resolution and protecting society. We want you to know that we're here to protect you and keep you safe from all of the terrible violent criminals in America. Some people have asked, how can you guys interpret law like the judicial branch and make law like the executive branch when really you're under the authority of the executive branch, but the government wouldn't give us $1.2 billion a year if they didn't want us to keep you safe.  We love those small barrels so keep it over 16 inches boys. Small barrels have less velocity and therefore making the rifles more deadly. Just remember the ATF is here to keep you safe and you can sleep comfortably knowing that we're thinking about you. We're thinking about you all the time. We'll see you soon.


Hey, what's going on guys welcome to our trending reviews So I have my iPad Pro here and I recently bought the Apple pencil now I'm going to show you the top five drawing apps for the iPad Pro using the Apple pencil Because this is quite expensive and there's probably a reason why you bought it Just using it to navigate around the iPad Pro is probably not one of them So you want to utilize this to the maximum potential now? I'm no artist myself but if you like drawing or doodling or actually doing some colored Sketches and that kind of stuff and really want to use the pencil to its full capability Then here's the top five apps, which I think are really good for for drawing sketching doodling and that kind of stuff So let's just get straight into it All right guys, so I'm gonna list you the top five apps for drawing with the Apple pencil So I'm gonna start off number five. This is an app called pigment So this is basically a coloring app So if you are kind of stressed or you're just going on long journeys Train rides road trips or even flights You just don't want to spend ages trying to think of something as a sketch then you can just basically come in and Start coloring in some various different Patterns pictures images and that kind of stuff and there's so many categories that this app comes with So all you have to do is go into pages at the bottom here along the top You have so many different tabs and categories. So you have something like for example, Disney now This is the free version. So a lot of them are not unlocked until you pay a monthly fee So you can just go on doodles and that kind of stuff. So if I just go on something like Let's say this first one here on doodles Then basically you can just start using the color palette here and start coloring in Different things. So now the free version is very limited. So this is probably just a Certain number of brushes and that kind of stuff with this app. So you'd have to subscribe You can also go through various different color palettes by hitting the right navigation icon here There is tons or on the bottom left. You can just cycle through and go straight to the next one So if for example, I go on to winter wonderland that will open it up there you can also adjust the level of darkness or lightness of that color you've selected so You can do that And then on the right hand side you have a bar here Which gives you the brush size and then also the opacity as well. So how transparent the color should be So from here the first two are free. You have pencil and marker So these are the only two brushes you can select But you see the ones here with the diamond icons those come as part of a subscription package But you can also just Play around with the ones that you currently have this filled bucket one is pretty cool. You can just fill an entire Image or segment just by tapping in there And actually this is quite therapeutic as well, which I kind of like so if you are going to use this quite a lot I do recommend that you buy the Subscribed version of this app and then start using that with various different amount of pictures for me I think Disney is probably the funnest one to do. So that's number five Number four. This is one of my first drawing apps. I downloaded it. It's called paper by a company called 53 So it's very simple. You can create multiple sketchbooks if you go in there and Just open up a blank page. You have your palette down there at the bottom. It's very simple You have a few brushes of a few color palettes that you can swipe through You have the eraser tools scissors and guidelines. So very basic. So if I just go ahead Select that ink one Hello, and then you've got the pencil. Yes, maybe do that in red You can see that this is how it comes out you've got the Highlighter here as well You've got a thin pencil marker there You've got a brush to color in with a Pasteurly watermarked color And then there also is the pro version of this app as well Which would enable a couple of these other features as well like guidelines and brushstrokes and scissoring so You can actually mix some of the colors here in the palette there, which is pretty cool like that and You'll be ready to go if you swipe the tray down You can just expand and see the full version of the page Make it easier and you can swipe back up. You can also add your own custom colors here So if you select that one for example You can double tap and select whichever color you like that to be Let's go for more of a Pastel blue very light and just use that And maybe like a highlighted one so that you can do that and then once you're finished you can Go back and it will be saved automatically and then you can create a new page So if you swipe in that will be your book when you enter you can just swipe through all the pages you've sketched So there's quite a lot of things you can do so here's some examples. I like this flicking book type of thing So there's some pretty cool things you can draw with this. Here's an example of one if you Go back you can swipe through all different pages quite quickly It's so fluid and for me It's just a really simple and awesome sketching tool to have so number three is One called Autodesk sketchbook. There is a free version here So you can just start drawing straight away with a seven-day trial So getting a little bit more advanced So you have a ton of amount of brushes here on the left-hand side panel You have a few erasers so you can just select one of that maybe Select the color from here on the right-hand side.  Let's go for maybe a green color You can do that So again tons of option you have your eraser tool as well you can brush that out But then you have some options here at the top so fill you can obviously do like a gradient or a fill thing when you have shapes in there So one thing I like about this is if you want to draw some shapes you can do that So if I select the pen tool again, and then maybe draw a circle There you go that will outline in the color that you've selected and then you can also go and fill in that So if I tap that and tap it in there, it's filled to green You have a guideline so you can use the ruler here if you want to draw some straight edges and that kind of stuff you can also tilt and rotate on different axes as well with the ellipse oval Rotating tool there and then you also have this thing called a predictive stroke So if you want to create a very curvy line, then you can just have that Smoothen out with that tool there and you have the option to add pictures and text yourself as well as video imports into this sketch file as well So there is quite a lot you can do with the free version of this app Of course, there's only a seven-day trial So it would require you to pay on sign up once that seven days has expired But if you want to quickly clear the Palette if you on the right-hand side, you've got the little sketch box there You click on that and you have various different options there So if you just click on the option called clear that will delete everything off there. So this is a really cool tool I do recommend you play around with that one Number two adobe sketch. So this is based on Photoshop So if I just open up a blank project file, it's a very minimal design Which I like it's not over expanded with so many different options Which you have to figure out sometimes when you think Photoshop you just think an overload of options But on the left-hand side you have these five brushes and the eraser very simple So if I click on the first one, I can just do like a pen tool Hello, and then if you tap that point or again, it gives you an option to change the color. You can just do that like this Maybe go for red Like that so size you can just drag down like that Hold it down and then go up and down Same with the opacity as well of the flow if you do a long hold on that You'll bring up all of the brushes that are available So you can do this on any of the five brushes there and it'll give you the same list So let's go for maybe that spray and Let's see how that looks So you have that option if I just hold it down and maybe choose smudge And maybe I will change the color on that to green Size I'll do 66 So you can just do a few smudges there click back. Maybe try one of these Maybe change that to a nicer blue That looks really realistic in terms of using a paintbrush So quite a few options and the bottom one here is the eraser tool If you select that you can set the size of this to quickly erase everything. So there we go Everything's gone And then you have the option to hide this as well from the top right bar on the menu You have this layered icon that hides the menu bar on the right-hand side Which is basically all of your layers now the good thing about this is you can add multiple layers on top of this So you can like Photoshop remove layers hide layers and that kind of stuff just to play around with it So you can do as multiple sketches layered on top of each other If you don't like one you can delete it and they would appear there on the right-hand side layer panel And you can also change the background color as well if you'd like to As you do with Photoshop, so you can make it transparent or you can actually just keep it as a solid color So this is a Adobe Photoshop sketch and it's probably one of the top ones out there right now My number one is called sketches So I'll have a link to all of these in the description below as well So if you just create a new blank sketch now this one is compatible with the Apple pencil So what that means is if you double tap it will actually move to the eraser tool as well So if you double tap it goes back to your previous brush or tool that you've selected So this is got a very enhanced amount of options as well So if you just select some of these I just feel like it's so smooth it just looks awesome and It's so easy to use as well Now if you want to change the color on the bottom right-hand side corner You can see the little blue color there if you just tap that it opens up the color bar You can just swipe up and down For all the top type of colors But if you hold it you can actually customize it to any color you'd like so You can modify that and you can also add this to that panel as well. So maybe I go for a bit of a green color Like that click add and that's added it there Let's see what other brushes you can use with this so many different things So I will select maybe an orange To color that I like the little sound effects you get as well when you're making this It's actually gives you realistic sound effects of using that particular type of brush There's a lot of patterns you can do and obviously there's a pro version of this as well So if you wanted to make patterns you can do that There's some tons of like various different things you can do Obviously you have your eraser tool blend strokes together So you've got this slice tool what that does is it will take a piece of that and move it anywhere else you'd like Such like this which is pretty cool, and then you also have your ruler as well So you can get the pro version or you can just get the standard straight line and Just put that anywhere you like so that's Pretty much everything you can do from this one again There's a few options to record your entire sketch and save it to your gallery and export it If you do this on the top right hand corner check the layers you can add multiple layers much like the adobe Photoshop sketch app as well. So that's pretty awesome so if you click on settings on there you have options to Change the different types of layers that you'd like to convert it to so that will change obviously the Type of coloring you see on the screen as well So that's about it guys So I hope that was a really useful rundown of my top favorites drawing and sketching apps on the iPad Pro If you have any questions or if you use any others that you'd like to recommend and give to all of the other people Watching this video then do drop a comment below If there's anything else you'd like me to review with the Apple pencil or in the iPad Pro in general Then let me know as well. So I hope you subscribe I hope you like this video, and I will catch you guys at the next one. Take care We'd never trip on phone


This trustee August is hotter than ever at Appalachian Wireless, as they are slashing all normal contract pricing on all smartphones by 50% when you sign up for service. Better service, bigger saving, serving you for the last 25 years at Appalachian Wireless. Emergency crews in Knot County responded to a boating accident Saturday night around 9pm on Car Creek Lake. Upon arrival, first responders were told the boat carrying five passengers crashed into the bank at a high rate of speed. Officials with the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife say it appears an equipment failure caused the crash. The boat, after we looked at it, we actually, the report was that there was a failure of the seat and we did check the seat and the seat actually was attached to the floor but it looked like there was some dry rot in the wood and undoubtedly that was probably the factor that caused the seat to collapse. Two passengers, including an 11-year-old child, were flown to Cabell Huntington Hospital with non-life-threatening injuries. Officer Pigman said alcohol was not a factor in the crash, which appears to be just an unfortunate accident. But he did say this weekend's boat crash is a perfect illustration of why all newer boats come equipped with a lanyard attached to the ignition switch. A boat of this age probably didn't come with a lanyard but that is just a critical safety factor. PWCs are required to have them and they're actually required to wire them.  It may have still hit the bank but it could have definitely lessened the impact. And with Labor Day weekend just a few weeks away and the boating season still in full swing, Officer Pigman advises everyone to follow all boating laws and use caution when on the water. Reporting in Knot County for EKB News, I'm Shannon Deskins.


Moving on as the race for the 10th National Assembly leadership of red and green chambers continue to heighten, Group Under the auspices of Arawa Young Professionals and Politics has called on the leadership of the ruling All Progressive Congress, APC, to consider zoning Senate Presidency to the South East and Speakership to the North West for political inclusion and national question. The group said it's imperative to distribute power fairly to foster a sense of belonging for every region and religion and to also prevent any divisive tension that could undermine the government's effectiveness. Addressing the press conference at the Arawa House in Kaduna, the convener of the group Malham Yusuf from Mocay says, for national peace and unity, each region must be carried along. As the Arawa Young Professionals and Politics, we are urging the APC leadership and the President Elect to carefully consider the need for political inclusion in the 2023 power equation. We call on them to, one, zone the Senate Presidency to the South Eastern part of Nigeria for political inclusion, two, zone the Speakership to the North Western part of Nigeria for political compensation, being it that the North West zone gave the highest vote to the APC government, three, ensure that the leadership of the National Assembly projects our religious diversity for national cohesion. These steps will go a long way in promoting unity and national integration. We implore the APC leadership and the President Elect to employ wisdom in making these decisions. They are that the North West contributed massive votes for the imagines of the APC President Elect and should be compensated with the Speaker of the House of Representatives positions. I'm the President from the North West, so why still giving all the Senate President? Let's give it to other regions for them to also be part of it. One of APC is from the North Central, so it's also a replication of history and the structure that we've had before, so there is no, I don't think there's problem about that. And if we have the Speaker from the North West, it will be a North compensation for the people of the North West. Then if you want to also press for that, you notice that the Kano state is not an APC state. And some people will argue that why should you give them a Senate President? Why we have a Kaduna state and some other few states that are APC states? Why wouldn't you give them a Speaker of the National Assembly? So these are part of the reasons why we are arguing and agitating that the speakership should be zoned to the North West and we should look at the people that are contesting for this position from states that are APC states. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


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So in this very short video, I'm going to share with you one thing that will change how you practice voiceovers. So you'll begin a voiceover artist who's already practicing, but you want to improve the quality that you deliver. Or this new year, one of your resolutions was that you would use your voice, learn voiceovers to earn some extra cash or become a full-time voiceover artist. Then you are the right place. You want to stick around to the end of this video to learn this one key thing that will change how you practice voiceovers and how it will change how you deliver and become a better voiceover artist. If you're completely new to this channel and to the voiceover practice, then you might want to check out some of the videos I have recorded already in the link in the description. And then you can learn more about even where to find clients, especially if you're practicing your voiceover from Ghana or Nigeria or Africa in general, how to read certain voiceover scripts, certain guiding principles and so on. But let's get into this particular one. So I chanced on this thing by accident. And by that, I mean both the crowds of voiceover and becoming a professional, as well as this key principle that I'm about to share with you. But I'll do the first one. Before I started voiceovers, I was mimicking a lot of cartoon characters, movie characters. When I would watch films, I would just literally replicate what I was hearing exactly or verbatim or lip syncing what I was hearing in movies and cartoons, my favorite parts of these particular media that I was consuming. So that's how I've been practicing voiceovers for the longest time, even before I grew or became aware of the fact that I could make money from the craft. So this is how I chanced on this thing by accident. But you don't have to do that. Let's make it easier for you to become a better voiceover artist. So one of the guiding principles, just like in movies, we have, you know, composition, we have lighting, we have sound, we have color and all these things that make movies the best they are, as well as music, the science of sound and keys and notes and everything that make music what it is also guides voiceovers. So the principle of voiceover basically is sound, sound of our voice and how we read it. So we've practiced over time to read voiceovers or scripts in such a way that it doesn't sound just as we speak or in a monotonous way in a way that engages people to want to listen to us. So we are telling stories or we are selling things or yeah, we are passing information. That is what voiceover artists do. And there are guiding principles to this. Some of the guiding principles to voiceover or becoming a learning voiceover is the principle of pauses. When to pause, how to pause, how to breathe when you're reading voiceovers, which is very essential because it also affects how people consume whatever you are reading. When you don't pause when you're talking, when you know, you don't know where exactly to pause to create maybe suspense or to give people the room to breathe, to consume more, then it becomes difficult to even understand you. There's another principle called inflections. So inflections is how, should I say, undulating is the word. How high and low the voice goes when reading a particular script. This makes it have a certain rhythm to it. And this is one thing that is also a guiding principle to reading voiceovers. No matter the type of voiceover that you're reading, whether you're reading commercials or you're reading a narration or you're reading an audiobook. There are inflections that make it not monotonous or flat so that somebody can listen for longer times or longer hours without getting bored and you still manage to engage them. There's a principle of knowing what words or which words to emphasize. All these things are guiding principles. Now, just like in music, we have notes, we have keys. And when they come together, they become the music that you hear. Your ability, the one thing that you need to know to become a better voiceover artist, your ability to replicate sound. When people ask me or when I encounter people during my coaching sessions and they ask me what they need to know to improve how they read. One of the things I tell them is that you must spend more time listening, spend more time listening to people who have already done it, spend more time listening to the kinds of voiceovers that you want to become good at. So if it's commercial voiceovers that you want to become good at, spend more time listening to a ton and ton of samples on websites again, that I've linked in the description below and in the other videos that I've done. Spend more time listening to radio to present us who you know sound a great deal of way that you like. They're able to engage you for a long, spend a lot of time watching movies. If that's not something you can do, then watch short videos or cartoons or just consume media and listen to people who already have been doing this for a long time. And if you're able to replicate exactly what you hear. Now, in replicating exactly what you hear, I don't necessarily mean that you should replicate the accent immediately. If that's not something you can do, concentrate on rather how they sound when they read whatever they read. If it's an ad and the person is saying that, do you really want to know? Then it has to sound exactly the same way, but in your voice. So the sound, the replication of that sound from the people you listen to or the professionals, is the one key thing that if you commit to over time, is going to improve your voice over drastically. This is something that I've been doing unconsciously for the longest time when I started the practice. And I only discovered that in principle, that's what I've been doing and it made my voice over is rather easier. So voice over is heavily or the craft or the art of voice over is heavily reliant on your ability to hear correctly. Hearing correctly will save you or save you more time in learning how to read voice over than having a great voice and having a great speaking voice. Everybody can speak, but not everybody can do voice over. So if you want to learn more, do check out some of the videos I've linked here. I do a detailed demonstration of how this works. But again, sound is the most important thing in your craft since you're reading and producing sound, your ability to replicate sound will improve your voice over drastically. If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below and catch you in the next one. Peace.