What do you do if your YouTube channel account has been hacked? How can you protect your channel from hacking attempts? Find out in this video so that you can keep your channel safe and monetized. Hi there, this is Freedom Quick Tips, your trusted source of information for everything YouTube related. And in this video, we'll talk about how to recover your channel when it's been hacked and the steps you can take to protect it. Let's get started. From kings and princesses requiring your help with their mountains of money to winning lotteries you never entered, to request to update your banking information or else your account would be frozen for reals. Online scams are an internet hazard that we're all familiar with and to some extent have gotten used to. Much like random monster encounters in role-playing games, but this real world role-playing game could cost you a lot of money. One of the more prevalent techniques that these monsters, I mean hackers, use is phishing. No, not phishing with an F, phishing with a PH. Alright, metaphors over. Phishing, for the uninitiated, is the fraudulent practice of sending emails perpating to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers, as per the Oxford English Dictionary. According to the cybersecurity experts, Phil's lab 2018 saw an upsurge in phishing attacks from the prior year with an increase as high as the 107% in Canada and even 905% in Turkey. With more and more people integrating the internet in their daily lives, cybercrime has kept pace. In early March of this year, popular lifestyle vlogger and podcast Megan Rinks reported that her secondary channel had been hacked. After her email account was compromised while she has since regained control of her channel, her videos are yet to be recovered. In another incident reported in Forbes, YouTuber Marco Stile had his gaming channel hacked back in 2019. After clicking on a link in a sponsorship offer email he received, he was also eventually able to recover his channel and was actually fortunate enough to get back all of his videos as well. So what can you do to protect against phishing? Here are some practical tips to help secure your account. Make sure to keep your antivirus protection up to date, same with your browser and operating system. Turn off the option to automatically download attachments for your email. Turn on two-step verification, also known as two-factor authentication or multi-factor authorization. Ensure that you have a strong password. Don't use common words or personal information like your birthday. Ideally, use different passwords for different sites. That way you won't be compromised in one fell swoop. HaveIbeenPon.com is one of the sites you can use to check if your password has been previously compromised. While the Comparitech password strength test can help you determine if the password you're using is up to snuff and can even help you generate one. And yes, both sites don't store the password information if you're a Chrome user. There's also an extension called Password Alert that will send you automatic alerts when your Google password is used to sign into non-Google sites. Be wary of messages asking for your credentials. Your emails only come from at youtube.com or at google.com addresses. Don't click on links or open attachments from unknown sources. Verify offers or requests by contacting the company or individual directly. Also have a different email address for business offers on your channel and use it only for that.  What can you do then? If that's the case, just follow these steps from YouTube's help article on fixing a hacked account. If you can still sign into your Google account, go to this website, link in the description below and follow the instructions on the page. If you can't sign into your Google account, go to this website, link below as well, and follow the instructions there. You'll be asked some questions to confirm it's your account and it's important that you answer as completely and as best as you can. If you are a Freedom Partner, you can always email us at supportatfreedom.tm and we can contact YouTube on your behalf to help you in getting your channel back. And however, that it will take some time for YouTube's internal team to validate and recover hijacked accounts, generally several weeks, and there's no guarantee that they can get your videos back if the hackers have deleted them. So in this situation, prevention is better than the cure. Alright, let's summarize. You can help prevent getting your account hacked or hijacked by keeping your security and critical software up to date, ensuring that you have a strong password and being extremely careful with which email you open or reply to. If you do end up with your channel hacked, immediately report it to YouTube following the proper steps we discussed earlier and provide as much information as required. If you have any questions, do let us know in the comment section below and don't forget to like, subscribe, and ring that notification bell icon. This has been Freedom Quick Tips, guys, and we'll be seeing you in the next episode. Goodbye!


And resident doctors at the Iquiti State University Teaching Hospital have started an indefinite strike. They are complaining about the reduction in the subvention to the institution and the non-payment of two bond salaries to doctors. The chairman of the association of resident doctors in the hospital, Dr. Ni Olaoyi, also disclosed that the doctors are yet to receive a full salary since 2018. And don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hi everyone, this is a short training video for all our project staff and partners who are working on the Sustainable Wildlife Management Program. If you're not familiar with the program, please check out our web portal. In this tutorial, we are going to share the nine top tips to improve the quality of your photographs and video stories. The aim is to effectively communicate the project we're developing in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. By producing better photos and videos, we will be able to effectively share our stories and solutions to achieve a brighter future for people and wildlife. You don't need to have expensive professional equipment to make the most of this course. In fact, with these nine top tips, you will be able to turn your smartphone or digital camera into a powerful filming tool. Okay, with that, let's dive in. Our first tip focuses on how to tell a visual story. Good stories grab one's attention, they rouse emotions and are remembered. To help show what we are doing and to encourage good sustainable wildlife management practices, we need to tell engaging stories. These can combine images, video, words to become multimedia stories. So the first question to ask is what do you want to say? Or in other words, what is your story about? It's important to think about this and write down your ideas before you pick your smartphone or digital camera. Try and answer this question in your notes. Who, when, where, what, how and why? These will be the building blocks for your story. So once we have identified these elements, how do we structure our story? Think about how you would tell the story to a friend or a relative in an easy to understand and captivating way. One simple and effective storytelling approach is to use a three act structure where you plan a beginning, middle and end or an opening, challenge and resolution. For example, in the opening, at the beginning we present our characters and the place where the story is set. Secondly for the challenges, in the middle we discover what they are facing and show how they are trying to overcome the challenges. Thirdly in the resolution, at the end, we draw together the lessons learned and maybe include a call to action. Here is a simple example using video clips from our SWM project in Guyana. At the beginning, we meet our main character, Asaf. We show where he lives and find out that he is an indigenous hunter and conservationist. In the middle, we discover that wildlife populations are in decline and that they are threatened by wildfires and access roads. At the end, we see that there is hope for the futures if the conservation measures he advocates are put in place. The second tip focuses on equipment. Our tip is to keep it simple. The SWM project sites are typically in remote and difficult to access places. There may be no regular electricity supply to recharge batteries and no vehicles to carry your equipment. The two main setups we will focus on here are the digital camera and the smartphone. There are advantages and disadvantages to both. Both are highly portable, easy to use and not very intrusive. On the other hand, digital cameras allow you to use different lenses and have more settings to help you control your work. You can take great photos and capture great video with both. Whichever you are using, remember to set it at the highest possible quality. For video, this means either 4K or 1080p. Your photographs shoot it in RAW rather than compressed GPEC files if you can. If you're using a smartphone, hold it horizontally when you're shooting as most TVs and computer screens are horizontal. Here are some simple yet essential accessories. A tripod. You'll need a tripod to keep the camera or smartphone stable, particularly when filming an interview or when you are taking pictures in low light or at night. Microphone and headphones. Clear audio makes or breaks a video. For interviews, it's best to use a Lavalier microphone that can be clipped onto a character's shirt or dress. This will help you capture the richness of the character's voice and reduce background sounds. Use a good set of headphones to check the audio. Batteries. Also remember to have backup batteries if you are using a digital camera and a portable charger if you are using a smartphone. Soft cloth. Remember always to keep your lens clean. A soft cloth is all that's needed. Third tip is to find the light. Light is everything in photography and filming. But if you're relying on outdoor natural light, as most of us will be in the SWM program, then you have to be mindful about when you go out to shoot. Different times of day obviously have different light and you need to try and use this light to help convey different feelings to support your story. For example, one type of light is called the Golden Hour. This is the light around sunrise or sunset. Light can help convey calm and happiness. Second, during the middle of the day, when the sun is overhead and at its strongest, the light tends to be harsh. This type of light can help you show tough reality. Third, overcast light on a dull or rainy day create flat images without deep shadows and strong highlights. This type of light can help you show sadness or create a melancholy atmosphere. Finally, there is twilight or dusk, when the sun has just set and before it becomes dark. This can be a special time in the day which can help you show mystery, emotion and magic. Finding the right light refers not only to the time of day, but also to the best or most appropriate light to show your subject. For example, for portrait shots or interviews, avoid placing your character in front of the light source. If you do, they will appear as a silhouette. Think of the sun as you would a light stand. It should be illuminating your subject, but not from behind. However, be mindful of the sun's position and height in the sky, so your subject is not looking directly into it. To improve your image, also look at the shapes created by shadows and use them to emphasize points of light. As we can see in this example, it can be interesting to have a background and shadow so that a subject emerges from the darkness. To sum up, it's important to plan your shooting day carefully, taking into account the light. It's essential that the subject of our photo or video is properly focused and lit. Often you only have one chance to get this right. Exposure is essentially how much light you allow onto the sensor. With too much light, the image will be overexposed, and too little light, it will be underexposed. Here are some good examples and some bad examples. If you are using a smartphone, you can choose the focus point manually by tapping on the screen where the subject appears. This will also adjust the exposure or how much light is allowed into the frame. On most smartphones, another way to correct the exposure more precisely is using a slider on a graduated line. If you're using a digital camera, a simple way to improve focus is by moving the small rectangle that indicates the point of focus. In automatic mode, this will adjust the focus and also adjust the exposure so that the subject is not too dark or too bright. Of course, if you want to have more control, you can also adjust the exposure manually using the iris thumb wheel. Note that changes in exposure will also affect the depth of field of your picture. This is the zone within a photo that will appear in focus. Our fifth tip is to compose your images carefully. To make your photographs and video footage stronger and more balanced, you should keep the following questions in mind. Where should I put the subject in the frame? And how best can I arrange the elements? There are many rules of composition. One of the most well-known and effective ones is the rule of thirds. Here, you divide the frame into nine equal parts using two horizontal lines and two vertical lines. The key is to place your subject along these lines or at the point where these lines intersect. Many smartphones and digital cameras have these grid lines to help you compose. So turn them on. A second rule is to use leading lines. This approach will help you to create a visual journey that leads the viewer from one part of the image to another. Leading lines should take the viewer towards your subject or point of interest. For example, you can use roads, walls or rivers as leading lines or anything that appears in rows, such as lamp posts or planted trees. But don't be tied to the rules either. Learn to experiment and see what works best for you. Composition rules are there to be broken. Tip number six is to film and photograph from a variety of angles. This involves moving around. Find interesting angles rather than relying on the camera zoom. Rather than keeping the camera or smartphone at eye level, film from the ground level upwards or from above to get a bird's eye view. Shooting from below makes the subject more dominant. Shooting from above gives the viewer a feeling of superiority. It's really important to get close up to your subjects, moving close to show important details and facial expressions, as well as actions and emotions. Use all these tips to help tell your story. It will also help give your audience a different point of view and add interest to the images. Tip number seven builds on the last tip and is about filming sequences of shots. Shooting video is different from taking photographs. You need to think about the different shots you're going to combine and edit together to tell your story. These will become your sequences, which you will be able to combine with your interviews in the editing. These shots are what are technically called B-roll. During the editing work, B-roll footage will be important to introduce your character in this country, giving strength and concreteness to the interview audio. When you are shooting B-roll, remember to ask yourself what you really need to film in order to show what you want to tell. B-roll usually includes extreme wide shots or wide shots to show where the action is taking place. Medium shots to provide more information and details about your characters and close-up and extreme close-ups of hands, equipment or faces. I can't emphasise enough the importance of close-ups of hands and faces. The more close-ups you can get, the better. Over the shoulder, this is a valuable shot to help show what someone is working on or doing. Remember, a good rule of thumb is to film each clip for a minimum of 10 seconds. One filming, you don't need to move your camera every time. In fact, it is better to keep your camera or smartphone still, ideally using your tripod. The movement or action can then happen inside a fixed frame and you will avoid having shaky footage. If you decide to move your camera, do it smoothly. And before doing so, ask yourself why do you decided to make this movement? Tip number eight is to plan your video interviews carefully. They will be a critical part of your stories. Most of the time, you will not have presenters or narrators, so you will need to rely on interviews to tell your story. Here are some basic tips to help make them a success. Plan to do the interview once you have established a relationship with your characters and they're at ease, ideally once you know them. It's so important that they're relaxed and can enjoy the experience. Plan in advance where you want to do the interview and at what time of day, under what type of light and with a background, there will not be a distraction. Don't start your interview too late in the day as you may run out of light. Make sure there are no background sounds that will disturb the interview, such as car engines or other people talking. Plan a simple camera setup for an interview, for example, using the rule of thirds composition. The subject should be looking into the open space of the frame. Compose a mid-shop from the waist up to the head. If you're asking the questions, then the interviewer should be talking and looking directly at you and not at the camera. Keep the camera at the same heights as the eyes of the interviewer. Place a Lavalier microphone in the subject's clothes, ideally out of sight, just behind the collar or buttons. Double-check on your headphones that the microphone does not scratch against them. Plan your questions in advance, but be ready to improvise and ask new questions if the interview takes you down an interesting new path. Ask people to repeat the subject of the question at the beginning of their answer. One trick is to ask them two questions at once, so they will automatically respond with the question. For example, what is your name and where are you from? My name is Cindy and I am from Canada. It's also a good idea to kindly ask them not to use acronyms or jargon. If you're using a smartphone, remember to switch to airplane mode to avoid any calls interrupting the interview. One, finally, and very important thing to remember is tip number nine, and that is to request the consent from the people you photograph and film. You should respect the identity and privacy of anyone being filmed, photographed, or named in your stories. You should always explain to them what you will be doing and how the story will be used, and then request their written consent. Ultimately, you are creating part of their online digital fingerprint. Here is the consent form we use on the Sustainable Wildlife Management Programme. It shows images to help illustrate what we are asking. It has also been translated into the local language. If you are photographing children, then it's important to seek the consent from an adult who is responsible for the child. In addition to being respectful, our program donors will ask for these consent forms before they are able to use and share our videos and photographs. That's all for now, so thank you for listening to these nine top tips. So just a recap. Remember to... Plan your story. Keep your equipment simple. Find the light. Focus and expose correctly. Compose carefully. Seek a variety of angles. Think sequences when filming. Plan your video interviews. Be polite and request consent. If you have any doubts or questions, please contact us via email. Above all, go out and enjoy making great photos and videos.


Should have won in the Narodobi Unlucky not to it was restarted and Fridley Lingman came out on top that night Lingman's actually got a very good record on temporary tracks always seems to perform well Has won in the Narodobi on two occasions Done the business here of course in the past Fridley He knows what it takes Every chance from the outside absolutely is the right place to be now in the track has had a couple of races Jack holder gates who smart Nick although he's now won a race. It hasn't made a start all night So if Jack holder can drop it across it and survive the first term without Freddie rounding him up Fancy further here. I really do. I think the opportunity to swing the shot the opposition is there for him Smart a couple inside in red Jack holder out of gate number two in blue Martin Vashley Gate number three in white and lingon Out of the outside in the yellow helmet color as you rightly said Four riders in the top five in the world championship top two going head to head Martin Vashley can third what a lineup a fitting lineup to conclude the night here in the principality It's been a fabulous night We had drama last year the track just didn't behave itself very different in 23 Congratulations to Ollie Olson and his staff. They've done a fine job here to produce a stunning race surface And as a consequence, we have witnessed some terrific speedway It's been a pleasure to be here and it's been a credit to the sport tonight. Absolutely back in Cardiff Yeah, it's been a super track super racing. Yep super event and it's all coming down to this one last four laps of the night Then who's going to be the winner? Whatever it's marzling fancy pretty on the outside here. We go there last time takes her up Vashling's made a good start. What a start from gate number three.  Martin Vashley had a gate number three a standing performance Sparsely has gone to the back jack holder hanging on his second bench But look at lingon coming on strong in third Unbelievable opening lap. I don't know how they all stayed on. I've got to see that one again Here comes lingon around the outside. No door has been shut by jack holder martin vashling comfortably out front I can't see him getting past. I'll tell you what jack holder's putting the pressure on Yep, not a disaster for smash. They go back in fourth place with lingon in third One more lap to go martin vashling looking to pick up his second Grand Prix victory of the year quite possibly his best performance Particularly when you consider he's come to the worst gate martin vashling Wins in the principality in cardiff in 23. What a night for him. Sparsely puts himself on the podium around the last time What a last cast move from sparsely as well. Never knows when he's beat got the better of lingon Oh my goodness What a night of speed where it is many congratulations to that man He is going to get a medal this year, isn't he? He is going along great guns Sparsely's had to work overtime for his rough brostrum position Jack holder He's an absolute agony He will be second ahead tomorrow. That's for sure But what an artist be where it is it belongs to martin vashling. It's been a terrific performance. It's a stunning start I can't wait to see it again Absolutely nailed it. I'll tell you about it. Here's the last move on the last corner with sparsely Just getting the better freddy lingon and as a consequence will extend his lead in the world championship 18 for freddy lingon but a cracking race I want to see that opening up again because it was so tight going into turn three on the first lap It was indeed former team mates of course in gorge of sparsely can martin vashling loads of respect between those two Many congratulations to jack holder that's almost like a win itself picking up 18 championship points tonight But that man clearly overjoyed it's a special place to race and of course it's extra special to win here That you see the reaction. It's all we're gonna sink in now And martin vashling at the age of 33 is really beginning to Mature like a fine wine. Look at that stunning start from gate three Yeah, I'll look at that there from sparsely because he lifts gets the bike under control so quickly Many other riders couldn't have reacted that quick and that could have resulted in a big big crash But martin vashling we hadn't mentioned him before the race there. Look at that. Well, how quickly does he react to get that thing under control? Could have gone horribly wrong, but it's all about martin vashling out front He's won the big one. He's won it carded cracking ride from him Yeah, and as you might say barter smiles, it never knows when he's beaten and he actually passes pretty lingering late on in the Final here with the last glass running outside to make pretty lingering The 16 points and barter smiles it will go away with a 24 point lead in the championship Fabulous effort from jack holder Miraculous effort i would suggest from jack holder to finish second here After the injury he's sustained back in the world cup last month But for martin vashling, this is a special moment. This will live long in the memory And as i say he won in Prague, which effectively is his home ground free He won back to back there. He won the previous year as well But vashling wins in fine style with a stunning start jack holder Finishes second here in the principality. That is a stunning effort barter smiles Like miraculously comes through into third place when he wasn't looked like he was going to even make the semi finals And freddy lingman unfortunately doesn't get on the rostrum here this evening We have done the principality prowl tonight. Yeah There the points handed out for this evening's event smart I'm uh martin vashling with 20 points jack holder 18 smiles that gets 16 14 for freddy Lambert gets 12 kim nilsson will be pleased with 11 points patrick dudek 10 max frick on nine It's all beginning to take shape now, but for barter schmarslich two rounds to go He's in the driving seat that man there looking like he could potentially pick up bronze freddy lingman looking pretty safe in second place You'll see the overall championship standings as well, which is uh gonna make uh interesting reading indeed Here we go then 138 for barter schmarslich 114 for lingman 105 of vashlich So all of a sudden looking a little bit more comfortable great move by jack holder the move in the fourth place Jason dahl slipping to fifth purely hanging on in sixth place with lambit in seventh and leon madsen in eighth Ty wolffenden just slipping back to tenth and that's tough because he might not be fit to ride in boyans May well need a wild card for next year now um dudek janofski disappointing once again and anders thompson on the injury list of course And probably won't see him again this year So we can make our way down to the infield now where scott nickles is joined by the winner martin vashalik Yeah, your winner here in cardis principality stadium is martin vashalik martin You had the worst gate and you after you smashed it Well made what an amazing feeling i'm in seven heaven now and uh i'm super happy so pleased for For this day i wanted them i'm very happy it is amazing feeling win here It was always one of my dream Since my kid's time when i watching grand prix in the tv all my idols here Winning and in my mind that time was one day. I very would like to try it So the day i did it and i'm so happy. Thank you very much to all crown today. It was amazing and Wow pretty special martin you made such a good start and all the chaos is behind you Could you see it on the tv screen what was happening behind? No, mate. I was so stable for a while So, uh, I just keep focused to don't make uh some uh mistake and uh, no I was just keep focusing myself. Well, thanks ma'am. I'm really happy for you.  Well done Thank you very much. Thank you cardiff Well spoke uh eloquently there And martin bashalik the real deal these days and i say some of his progress has been haunted by injury at times But uh, he's fully fit this year and he's going along nicely and looking like a top three finisher in the world championship in 2023


This study examined the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, AMF, rhizophagus interattus' inoculum on pepper growth and physiological parameters under elevated soil P concentrations from organic greenhouse production with enhanced soil salinity. The study found that AMF inoculation generally enhanced growth, fruit yield, and number of fruits per plant when applied at planting time in CV raco cultivated in high P saline soil, but did not have any significant differences in comparison with non-mycorrhizal inoculated plants in CV arloquin grown under the same conditions. The study highlights the potential of AMF in enhancing pepper growth and yield even in high soil P, but also emphasizes the complexity and interaction of involved genotypes of pepper and AMF, the method and time of inoculation, the system of pepper production, and environmental conditions, as well as assays that need to be performed to verify positive effects. This article was authored by Nicolaus Copoulos, Zoran S. Illich, Athanasius Cocunaris, and others.


Hi guys, welcome back to Siano. I say it's mechs from the mechs creation. If it's your first time, please support this Siano by subscribing. By the way, don't forget to hit that notification bell because your is being updated already by uploading the video. In today's video, as requested by one of the subscribers, let us talk about driving in Qatar. By the way, do you know the benefits that you are accrued as a driver in Qatar? What is the salary of a driver in Qatar? What is the salary range? How can you get a driver's license? What are the opportunities? All those are going to be talked about in the video. But something that I need to let you know, driving in the Gulf countries, Nontoni in Qatar is one of the good jobs that you can get. It's one of what you can see the profession. It is much easier for you to get the opportunities. You can always get those opportunities with a good amount of money. Now we are looking at a person who comes on what you call a driver's license. There are two different scenarios that we may talk about or you need to understand. There is someone who is recruited straight from his own country and the work visa is on what you call a driver's license. Or it's going to come as a driver. That one is so different from a person who comes inside the country and he applies for a driving license. Those are two different categories of people. So let us try to talk about one by one category you understand. So when you come as if you are recruited by a company or a sponsor as a driver, you will come from your country. Remember all those things, the Qatar ID, the medical and the risk getting the driver's license, they will be done by your company. You will take you for driving license tests, classes tests, you will go by the company. That means you have a signature for you to get the driver's license. The medical will be done by the company. So accommodation will be provided by the company and depending on which kind of agreement that you have signed with that company or how many hours you have signed with that company then definitely that is the one way to go. It's very beautiful. Remember when we are talking about salary. Salary is always very attractive because people have worked as drivers here in Qatar. You find that the salary range you lower is beginning from 2500. Up to maximum of 5000, you just can't imagine. Remember when you are talking about driving still, don't forget we have different driving licenses that are being given out in Qatar. We have for the light vehicles, we have for motorcycles, we have licenses for heavyweight vehicles. The forklifters, the trailers, we know those according to different classes. Remember the startup driving license for you to have in Qatar here is going to be a motorcycle driving license. Anyone can get a driving license for motorcycle. It's one that is very common because we have very many delivery people that come. Remember still we can also have the delivery people driving but still they have driver's license. So that's you being recruited by a company. It can be one opportunity or one way for you to come as a driver. Then two, you can come as a driver inside the country. Then you apply for what you call a driving license. But remember for you to apply for a driving license in Qatar if you are on an individual basis.  You will get a driving license. You can be recommended by someone. Especially if it is a national can recommend you to get a driving license. But remember you will pay up the charges yourself. The driving license fee, the test fee, you pay them out yourself. You will go under classes including the eye test, including a sign test, road test until when you pass them depending on which kind of appointment you are given, then they recommend you and you will have a license for yourself.  And at that same situation you are given a number of attempts. So that means you have to make sure that you don't fall all the attempts given to you. That in case you get to fail the attempts, that means you will have to redo the driving test. That is another disadvantage advantage if you are going to do as what you call an individual. Hope I am trying to share something with you in the same line. Then something that you need to know if you are going to do it on an individual. There is also what you call requirements. There are requirements that you need to have to drive or to apply for the driving license. Here in Katal. And something still I need to let you know when we are talking about driving not all professions in Katal are allowed to drive. Not all visa types are allowed to drive in Katal. For example if you are recruited as a cleaner you are not allowed to drive in Katal. You cannot be even given a driving license. If for example you came as a shambabo, you came as a security guard, there is no way they will give you a driving license. Why? Because why it is met like that? Why it is done like that? I think the traffic department or as the Katal government itself was one way to avoid what we call traffic congestion. Because if for example they accepted if for example they accepted everyone to have a driving license many people from Asia drivers many people from Bangladesh drivers many people from parts of Africa from parts of Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya are drivers. But it is one way to stop what you call the congestion in one world here. It is that the professions that are not allowed to have what you call driving licenses in one world here. So that is one part of the way they try to ease what you call the traffic congestion in the country. Unless otherwise to some extent you may be recommended or you may have a recommender that will allow you to drive on a different kind of profession that may be approved in what you call given a consideration what you call an extra consideration in one world here. Which partially comes in one world here. So you find that in old situations or you find yourself in old situations that you cannot have a driving license because your profession or your job does not allow you to have what you call a driving license in that matter. So you will end up meaning that you either come as a full driver with a company visa or you can apply the driving license by yourself in one world here. That is what normally happens. Something that still you need to understand the salary, the salary is always very good and there are a lot of driving opportunities around in Kata. The salary ranges from 2000 after people are getting 5000 and the salary with the driver depending on which kind of company you are working that is one what kind of role, what experience what is your driving category. You are driving a light vehicle or you are driving heavy vehicle that is also different types. We also look at are you working for the company you are working as an individual because there are a lot of driving opportunities. We look at limo in cars we look at limo in companies we look at private companies we look at government companies we look at special entities all these come in fact you come in a kind of situation that it shows you that the job opportunities available are quite very many in one way or the other that you can have those opportunities to do in one way or the other so meaning that you have a wide range to choose from when you come to a driver there are a lot of we have domestic we have house drivers that those are also opportunities as a driver and when you come as a driver definitely something that you need to know you learn how to drive different types of cars that is also another opportunity in one way or the other or that may not belong to you as a person but you learn but still something that you also need to know that if you have a driver's license you can buy your own car yes you can buy your own car I've seen people who have driving license but they have their own car and yet some cars in Katahia not that very expensive you can access a car of 3000 someone is selling a car of 4000 which in your country may be even more than that so meaning that you can access it in any way or the other that is what he calls for someone to ask about driving so remember something that you need to understand or something that you need to know when you have to have a driving here you need to have what you call if you are going to have a driving license as an individual you need to get what you call requirements there are some requirements for you to have what you call driving license and some of these requirements include you must have what you call illegal age for you to drive in Katahia you must have illegal age that is allowed to drive for the age that is allowed to drive in Katahia you must be 18 years for light vehicles if you are 18 years and above you can drive in Katahia if you are driving what you call light vehicles and if you are 20 years and above you can drive what you call heavy you can try to drive you can apply for license for what you call heavy weight vehicles like the forklifters the buses all those categories that have been mentioned in that way or the other then something still you need to have is what you need to have what you call a residence permit is one of the requirements when you are going to apply for a driving license in Katahia as an individual you must have what you call you must have what you call a Katahia ID or residence permit then also you must have what you call a passport copy a valid passport copy which has which has more than 6 months before it's expired then also something that you need to understand you need to have what you call a copy of the ID of your sponsor this is where things come in very tricky that I told you can have a resident you have a national that is going to recommend you normally these are Katahia these are nationals of the citizens of the country they want to recommend you but before you think of being recommended in one or the other that person needs to give you an attachment on the document as required this person needs to attach what you call his ID to show proof that is person that is recommending you to have what you call a driving then also you need to have what you call a letter of approval from your sponsor that is where the driving part of it now comes in a little bit difficult and very very very very difficult people to access because all these documents must be assessed must be attacked before they can be approved in one or the other so that letter of a sponsor should be attached if you are renewing if you want to apply for a driving license meaning that you are getting what you call the approval then still something that you need to know you should have three recent colored photos to be attached on your document that should portray you as the person then also something that you need to remember that there are some professions that are not allowed to drive they are not allowed to apply for a driving license by the way something that you need to note much as you know how to drive much as you may not know how you may know to drive from your country from wherever so long as you are not allowed to have a driving license it's also prohibited to drive a car sit on a steering wheel because it is panshebo by law and you definitely get a fine that is what you need to understand so meaning that carefully in one word the other you need to be a little bit very careful you need to be very careful to save yourself so hope I've tried to share for people who are coming with the driving if you have an opportunity to come as a driver come there are a lot of opportunities and salary is very good yes I told the salary ranging from 2500 to a maximum of 5000 and the opportunities are very many we have very many companies the school bus we have hospitals we have catering companies we have hotels we have warehouses all these are areas where they need drivers every single day so if you having what you call a driving license if for example they are recruiting locally or within the country you are supposed to have what you call a driving license for you to access these opportunities or in case you are changing from one job to another then you can have what you call a no objection certificate and something that you need to remember that the driving what you call the driving what you call the driving is that driving is very good is that it is very easy to change job from one job to another that is the good the other part of it all so hope I've tried to share something for you thank you so much for coming back to Sisyano by the way don't forget to put a comment in the comment section otherwise be very important and glad to get back to you if it's your first time to come across Sisyano support Sisyano by subscribing by the way do not forget to hit that notification bell because you'll always be updated wherever you are be updated wherever we upload a new video thank you so much see you again in the next video it's makes from the makes creation


How you guys welcome back to the sew along even though this is episode one and you would think well this is the very first video it's actually not this is our second video because I'd like to do an episode zero that includes all the prep work that you need to do leading up to today so if you haven't seen that video if you have not for example cut out your fabric you're going to be way behind today so go back to episode zero i've got it linked here i've got it linked in the description box can't miss it but for everyone else that's all ready to go you have your um interfacing adhered to the appropriate fabric pieces you've got zippers you've got everything cut out and ready to sew you have your machine um needles changed and if for everyone else if we are going by the mccalls 8 1 2 1 sew along workbook then you know to buy today we should have a lot of stuff done already if you don't have this workbook it's a hundred percent free um i created it just for this sew along and just for this jacket that we are working on today um all right so we should have from this list here most of this stuff done already our entire shopping list is done all of our planning is done our prep work is done every single one of these boxes should be checked off at this point and today we are starting with the very first day of the sewing and if you flip to the next page of your workbook then you know exactly what we are going to be sewing each and every day so today tuesday we've got the right front the right front band left front left front band and we're also going to sew the welts these videos are very long i'm not going to take up too much time i just want to point out there are chapters so if you start and stop your sewing you don't sew all of this today or you sew part of it in the morning and part in the evening you can stop and start with the chapters and pick up right where you left off and not have to like skim through the video and try and figure out where it is that you left off so check the chapters if you're coming back for a second view um otherwise let's get to the cutting table to the work table so that we can start sewing oh and turn on your irons alright so first things first we're gonna be grabbing pattern piece number one here she is here and we're going to be stay stitching the side front edge of piece number one now because we have so many pattern pieces that are one layer meaning the right side of the wrong side is very important um if you sew something backwards then you're going to end up with a garment where it has like two lefts or whatever okay so we want to make sure we mark all of our right sides so the right sides on all of these should be facing up so i'm just going to put a pin and piece number one like this so our very first step here is to stay stitch this front edge because we're getting ready to ease this into the side piece we want to make sure we stay stitch it so when we clip into this seam we have a guide as to where not to clip through all right so now that we have our stay stitching you can barely see it because my thread matches so well we're going to be taking piece number two which is your side piece again i have the right sides marked and we're going to be placing it right sides together with your right front now there is a left and right side to the side piece so you see how one has one notch another has two notches we want to make sure we're matching up the one with one notch to this piece here so you can get them backwards if you try really hard but see how this has the two notches so i know that this side over here is what gets gets attached to the back side and this is what gets attached to the front side and since we're going right sides together because i have my pins touching i know that this is the way that it goes in all right so this top line gets lined up our raw edges get lined up there and then our bottom edges get lined up below here and i'm trying to also keep my little plaids lined up best i can i might not be perfect throughout but we're going to do our best okay and so now we need to ease all the rest of this stuff in together there is a notch is it here that goes with this notch here you can see kind of the situation we have is that the what piece is this the bottom one the right front is kind of nice and taut but the side piece is loose so we need to clip into piece number one the right front every inch or so right up to that seam line and that way when we do that i'll show you and then you lay these on top of each other now all of a sudden the back the right front is spreading out so that it lays nice and flat with the side piece this is just kind of like princess seam curve sewing when you're when you're trying to sew a convex curve into a concave curve this is what you are going to need to do anytime you do princess seams sometimes collars you know all of that kind of stuff so this is a good trick to practice and learn okay cool so now we're going to our machine we're stitching this here we're putting this to the side for later the other side of side the side piece and then you have the option to also top stitch the seam whenever you get done so if you cannot press your seam allowance as well top sticking stitching is a really good choice mine are going to press like a dream so i'm not worried about that too much all right so here's what we have removing these seam allowances i mean these pins from the seam allowance and you can see now we have we can we know which ones are right side because we have a seam there and we have this beautiful seam where you can see nice and flat on both sides so i'm going to go press all of mine open again if you were top stitching then you were going to want to press to the front piece and then top stitch 1 16th 1 8th from this seam line like a dream and i did pretty good matching them i'm not going to be able to match all the way across because again these are curves and so you just you can't match straight lines with curves but not bad and then if you want to clip your threads as you go that's also a really good practice i'm not going to be the best at that either but we're going to try okay all right so now we've got piece number three we're on step number five where we are going to be attaching the right front band to the lower edge of this piece that that we've just created so we're going to match notches stitch trim seam allowances and then press seam allowances toward the band which is going to be down okay so we have a little notch here right and then in our front piece or right front there should be a notch down here somewhere as well it's right there so those are the things that we are lining up again all right and there she is you can see i cut this on the bias so it's looking super cute and preppy already so exciting to see it come together okay so now we're going to be working on the welt pockets but what they want us to do is reinforce this here so we are going to be stitching a little stitching line right between these two small dots you can see where those dots were marked and i'm going to be stitching in between them like in between the two pins vertically um and then we are going to take our piece number four interfaced interfaced welt pockets and we are going to press them wrong sides together okay uh we are going to match up the long edges and we are going to baste all along this uh long edge here at a quarter inch seam allowance okay so now that we have those in place okay so we've got our line marked and we're going to be placing the welt on the fabric with the seam the basting line that we just made along the lower stitching line so there's the upper stitching line and then the lower stitching line the basting that we just did literally gets placed right on top of this okay like so and we are going to be stitching between the small circles all right so stitch across here only in between your dots your small dots okay i want to show you up close what we've got here so we have our welt folded wrong sides together the folded edge is toward the band of your jacket the raw edge of the welt is facing like your shoulder then you have um the ends of the welt five eighths inch of them are loops not sewn down at all on either end okay and then we have it stitched through and through uh where is it right here along the quarter inch seam line of the welt and we can kind of set this aside for a minute because we are going to be finishing the lower edge of the pocket facing with a zigzag or overlock stitch let's mark our right sides and now i know that i'm going to be finishing down here along these two edges okay so the pocket facings are finished along that bottom edge they go like this and we also need to grab piece number six on number six you should have your stitching lines traced on i've got mine drawn on here but we are placing the wrong side of the pocket facing this guy to the right side here like so we are going to stitch we're going to go ahead and do this to both of these to go ahead and get them prepared we have our raw edges all lined up remember your finished edge goes towards the bottom and we are going to stitch along the seam line basting these two things together along this uh raw edges here here and here same for this guy and then we're going to stitch one eighth of an inch seam allowance along here just to get these two things adhered to each other then all right so we've got our jacket we've got our pocket now the right side of the pocket has the facing on it we are replacing this right sides together on our jacket but this guy goes on the bottom edge so it actually gets placed right sides together with this thing facing toward you and away from the pocket you should also have your little box for the welt um traced on do you remember the stitching line we made on the actual welt itself we have our small dots and then what do you know we have small dots here too so that is what we're going to be matching up we're matching the lower edge of our piece six box on the edge of stitching that we've got at our welt boom okay so now we're going to our sewing machine and we are stitching only the long edge the top long edge and the bottom long edge we're leaving the middle line just as it is so just stitch along the top and the bottom line that's it do not stitch these side edges either right so this is when things get scary i don't know how else to say it we're going to be cutting through all of this fabric so if you are feeling at any at all insecure about this and you're like i don't know if i've got my line straight i don't know if i feel confident about this abort now um just go ahead and rip everything out and you just won't have pockets and you can skip all of this pocketing instructions for everyone else we are going to cut through the middle line not past where these little triangles are just through the middle line that says i think it says slash on your pattern piece once you do that and then you cut through your jacket as well you cut through the jacket as well i know it's a lot and then we also cut through to these little diagonal lines just get some really sharp scissors these are failing me at the tips they need to be sharp all the way to the very very edge so you can get right in there and again do not clip the welt and then once you're done with all of this clipping then everything gets turned through to the wrong side and that's how you get a beautiful welt pocket okay accuracy accuracy accuracy okay the cutting is accurate the sewing is accurate it's all accurate all right so now all of this gets turned to the wrong side okay this is a sloppy rendition of it but this is what we're going for you need to spend a lot of time at your iron pressing these little corners clipping them even more if you need to to make sure that everything is nice and flat obviously this hasn't been pressed at all and then once all that gets pressed nice and beautifully this guy here gets turned up and the the raw edges that are up top here this guy this raw edge here and this raw edge with the facing those get sewn together along the top and down the sides now when you're going down the sides you are catching everything you've got the little itty bitty triangle pieces from the corners of here these little triangles that are left over all of that gets stitched in all of that gets stitched down here the only thing that's free is the actual jacket itself so then you're going to stitch along here and same thing on this other side and of course like I said across the top so spend a good amount of time on your welt pockets pressing them clipping them and getting them to be as accurate as possible all right I fibbed a little earlier so I've got my sides of my little pocket bag sewn what we're actually going to do is we're going to sew across the top but we're going to leave this little flappy part free oops we're going to leave this little flappy part free so we're going to stitch across here we can even baste it leave this little part free okay so after you stitch the pocket bag then you turn this guy down oh how do I explain it almost kind of like under stitching in a way so it stays where it's supposed to stay okay and once you're done with the right side then you're going to do everything again for the left side you're going to be stay stitching this guy here sewing these pieces together sewing the band on and then doing your welt for the left side as well okay so I finished my left side and my best advice for you here my best little bit of encouragement is to not try and be too perfect about it we are going to see imperfections that no one else is going to see especially from like far away nobody is going to be this up close to your pockets I promise and just be proud that you even did a welt they get easier as the more times you do them meaning like the understanding of the construction gets simpler execution is still very difficult if you're a perfectionist and you want to keep practicing this my best advice is just again with the accuracy like accuracy of transferring the dots of transferring the lines and the markings transfer our accuracy and cutting the little triangles all of that super super super accurate and that's how you're going to get perfect welds they are difficult they are not meant to like I'm not sugarcoating anything here they're hard to do and you can even tell mine aren't perfect like it's a little bit of a humbling experience even for me so if you attempted them I'm so proud of you you should be so proud of yourself too if you didn't and you just have a jacket without pockets that's fine also totally totally fine so there we have our right front and left front all right so Tuesday's checklist is totally done we have sewn everything in the Tuesday category yay go us so as we make our way through the process of making this jacket I want to encourage you to use the entire workbook this will help you stay motivated this will help you stay accountable to yourself and it'll help you stay on track there is a task checklist that again is um meant for you to kind of track your progress so are you in the planning phase of it is it in progress or is it totally done so but this will help you know where you are if you have to stop and come back to it this will help you know where you are plus checking off progress is I don't know so satisfying we also have a social media checklist um where you can uh post whatever you want throughout the week but I've given little prompts um of different aspects of the sew along of the jacket as you're sewing it um that you can take a picture of and post so that you don't have to think about well what do people want to see um so just brag on yourself a little bit look at these well pockets I made look at this zipper I put in you know all of that fun stuff uh hashtags and uh my handle is at the bottom as well to make sure that I see what you're posting and that others who are following along can see what you're posting as well and then we have a really fun daily checklist so every day we are going to be watching the video sewing the specific steps for that day then you must tidy your sewing room after every day you have to um post the social pic that I just talked about and then celebrate celebrate each day you guys celebrate accomplishing something in your sewing room every single day I created this workbook not only to just like give you something to do during the sew along but to really change the way you think about sewing and making progress in your sewing room and doing something amazing you guys what we do is amazing and that should be celebrated tomorrow we will be back for Wednesday's checklist um so get all of that stuff ready to go for tomorrow grab your zippers all of that kind of stuff um and I'll meet you back here tomorrow for the next part of this sew along


Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you very much for the opportunity today. As mentioned, our individual proposal today is from Shannon College of Hotel Management. This is a school of the College of Business, Public Policy and Law in NUI-Gaue. Our project today is number two, under number three, it's an individual project. It's called EXIS. This is an online executive skills development program. Our project team. Firstly, my own name is Trevor McCarthy. I'm the program leader for our core programs in Shannon College of Hotel Management. I lecture in hotel operations, facilities and hotel law. My colleague presenting today with me is Gwen Ryan, the Librarian and Disability Student Support Officer. As you can see from our project team, it's quite varied in our skills and covers very different people and skillsets within our school from inter-cultural communication skills, life skills, operations, accountancy, library and other supports. And we think this adds to the whole development of the online program. Now, I'll just pass you over to my colleague, Gwen, right now to continue with the presentation. Okay, so Shannon College has a very diverse international student body. I don't know the exact percentages, but I think over 60% of the student body are non-Irish. So we have quite a substantial number of Indian students, Chinese students, students from other Asian countries, students from other European countries, North America or whatever. We also then would have a number of students who have disclosed learning disabilities and other conditions like ADHD, like anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorders. And I'm sure there are a lot of other students as well within our population that maybe have conditions that are undiagnosed or undisclosed. So the college is quite small and I think all of us are very, very interested in student engagement. So we wonder why there are certain students that find it difficult to make lectures, why some students find it difficult to get assignments in on time or there might be difficulties with group work, students not wanting to work with other students, or why maybe a lot of the Chinese students opt to kind of socialize together rather than integrating into the rest of the college community. So we know that academic ability is not a factor here because everybody has reached the level to get into the college. So we think that perhaps the problem might be with personal skills or personal self-management. So that's what this executive skill proposal is about. So would you be familiar with the concept of executive skills? So we'd all be familiar with organization, planning and prioritization, time management. These types of skills would often be included in academic skills offerings. But there are actually about 12 different executive skills. So the other ones would be task initiation, goal directed persistence, metacognition, working memory, sustained attention, emotional control, response, inhibition, flexibility and stress tolerance. So we all as individuals have both strengths and weaknesses across all of these skills. So this project is about, I suppose, helping people to become more aware of their strengths and weaknesses. So for instance, somebody who is very strong and sustained attention, they'll maintain focus despite distractibility, fatigue or boredom, they'll complete tasks even when they find them tedious or difficult. They can avoid distractions, delay gratification. Whereas on the other hand, people where this might be a problem, they will get distracted easily, perhaps don't finish tasks or whatever. So realizing this as a problem can allow that individual to put steps into place such as modifying the task, dividing it into discrete chunks so that it can be done and swapped with other things or whatever. For myself, I suppose working memory I think is a problem for me over the years, manifesting itself in forgetfulness. So nowadays I make lists for myself, I have reminders in my calendar, I always put my keys and my phone in the same place so I don't forget them in the morning. So I suppose by middle adulthood a lot of us are aware of the problems we have and our strengths. And we've either worked on things or we've life hacks like I've just described to kind of compensate for them. So this program will give our students this self-awareness. Similarly, we understand that intercultural communication skills are essential for working in today's global workplace and they're successful for collaborative work in college. So I guess this project is all about developing this online suite of tools that will help students to transition into the multicultural third-level learning environment that is Shannon College by helping them with both their intercultural competence and then in developing their executive skills so that they can self-manage, self-regulate and hopefully be successful academically. So in terms of what we hope to deliver, first of all it is this online executive skills development program so it will be an online tool moderated by academic staff and we're hoping to include some sort of anonymous peer coaching as well. And again these skills we believe are critical for personal success. As well as working through maybe the different skills that the students decide they need to work on they'll also understand the contribution of these executive skills or executive functioning to personal success both in college and work, life, relationships and they'll be able to develop these skills by working through personally relevant content. So they'll do an online self-assessment first only they will have the answers to this. This will let them know where their strengths are and their weaknesses and suggest then the areas that they might like to work through and then they will set themselves a smart goal so that's a specific, measurable, I never remember what A is, achievable, relevant and time limited goal to work towards. So I suppose the moderation and the peer coaching comes in here to help them achieve their goals. We also want to, we have a great student environment it's very multicultural, it is on the whole integrated but we would like to improve on that, there's always room for improvement. So the intercultural communication content will help students to think and reflect on the issues relating to their own cultural values, beliefs and perceptions in order to develop their own awareness of how they communicate with others in the student community and then beyond in the wider multicultural environments that they'll be working in. The project then will also have some professional development opportunities for the academic staff that are engaged in this project. So there will be a little bit of training there'll be a refresher training and intercultural awareness all staff will get a good overview of executive functioning and the types of things we can do to improve and compensate for weaknesses. We will also have training in how to moderate online environments and I suppose as was alluded to at the start this is a new process for us. Shannon College is only part of Ennio Aigawa for the last three years or so so we're trying to build new capacities particularly in the area of research so we're also hoping in this project we'll have two published outcomes which would be new for the project team and then also we believe that this type of content would be useful and valuable across all disciplines so we would hope to make the online content available at the end on open access for other higher educational institutions to use so the individual packages would be created as scoring packages and we were very taken by the allaboard.ie program there so it'll be sort of have that kind of look and feel I would imagine. Just moving on to the next aspect the plan for what we're doing over the four quarters I suppose in quarter one we look at the whole development of the project team that are taking this project on building the academic staff and their competencies we'll be looking at the needs analysis training workshops in the first quarter but also laying out a plan for the following three quarters and looking what we need to achieve and plan setting up the spec and the plan for what we need from web developer to bring this content forward quarter two and quarter three will look at the whole development so this will be the individual development of the modules the tool and then bringing the content together and this will be over the two quarters two and three quarter three will be the deployment of this content and the testing so the plan for this is that it'll be worked with our year one students a hundred of them in our BBS and B.B.Com hotel management and international hotel management and that'll be used as the first 100 people to use it and evaluate it by the end of quarter four this is where we'll evaluate we'll look at this intervention how it has worked looking through how individuals have engaged with us and the feedback also from the students as well and this will also come into play where we look at the promotional aspect of how we can spread this out and bring it out to further institutes throughout the country so the impact and sustainability I suppose the impact and sustainability is that it will create an online platform it'll be developed and updated on a regular basis and also looking at specifically certain modules whether it's intercultural or certain behaviors that have to change for a certain time that allows us to update and change it so it's a long lasting impact so individual access modules will be made available and can be downloadable so this makes it more achievable for other institutes whether they want to use all the modules or individuals and applying to their Blackboard, Boodle or Canvas or etc what they use their individual institutes the academic staff will receive training they'll receive training executive skills enhancement and I think already from our project team when we've sat and we've met and discussed together it's already improved our total awareness of all different modules that we're now starting to share and learn together and so this will continue to the platform over the years and make it long lasting so there's a long sustainable achievement from this platform so the instructor materials will be produced they'll provide support and advice workshops will be structured so they'll be identified and already have been tested so they can be rolled out and used elsewhere so again it looks at the sustainability of this excess platform following this post project evaluation as my colleague mentioned as well Shannon College is now moving into an area where we need to look at research to bring our research levels up to the National University of Galway and this is our opportunity that can we look for developing research publications and bringing it out to you know promotional conferences and gives us the opportunity to build our level at the research so just bringing back the feedback that we received we thank you very much for your feedback and for a college that we are very much student led and student involved we feel that it's something that we need to engage more with and bring our students more involved with what we're trying to do with this platform so again as mentioned earlier we mentioned about the peer student anonymous support in this platform I think with this is online it is individual that people will work through it at their own pace and in a personal capacity but there's also the possibility to bring student involvement with anonymous support with each other also we looked at student involvement participation in the project in somewhat underdeveloped again we look at the possibility that we could look in quarter two where there is a bulk development of individual modules and content and we could look at getting a student research assistant as part of this overall and a key part of what we have in Shannon is that we have a very strong teach and learn committee this represents each of our years that are in the college so there's representations from students and from staff and this allows us to meet on a regular basis to share and discuss what's happening so this platform of access would become a very strong part of our committee going forward in the direction and engagement between our students and our staff at a teaching and learning level so ladies and gentlemen I thank you today for your time this is our program we hope it falls into the category of success we feel it would be a great advantage for our students and our staff and I suppose going back to NUI Galway our strategy for vision 2020 is very much focused and centered around people and that's why we feel that this is very much focused around people and students and we hope this can bring and develop us forward thank you very much


Hey folks, this is Captain Jeremy Shambly. I'm the Executive Officer of Board USS Gerald R. Ford and we are out underway right now doing our shock trials that we had planned for summer 21 and today I got one of our best sailors from Air Department with us. So can you go ahead and introduce yourself and tell us what it is you do on board our ship? I'm A.B.H. 2. Jeffrey Franklin from Bronzeville, Georgia, way of Atlanta. I am currently responsible for the Hanger Bay. I'm a Hanger Bay Petty Officer. I make sure all missile hazards are tied down and stored for sea and ensure that all deck edge elevator doors are properly functioning and the division of doors. So the shock happened and what was your initial impression of the immediate aftermath after that? Surprising. It was unexpected. And then what was the team's here response? It afterwards, after the shock happened, we had to ensure that safety of personnel and to check all doors and make sure that it was functioning. Yeah, I was in a different location on the ship but a very similar reaction. I was surprised how quick it was, it happened and it was over and then especially after the months of training we had then moved up to that but what I can also say is that having gone through that and seeing the ship's response to it really boosted my confidence and renewed my confidence in how well these ships are designed, how well they can handle underwater shock and then most importantly how well the crew responds to it to include individuals here like ABH-2 Franklin. So thanks for being here today. Thank you. I'm ABH-2 Jeffrey Franklin and this is Ford Class.


da se postavimo oseledek, to je jazda, da si postavimo ergodiziti. Sreč, to je tko, sreč, oseledek je tezvonega ergodizira in za živosti sofistikati stah, zelo bodo, OK, zelo so, zelo so z X t plus 1, zelo se z X t. OK, znažite, zato sem z X 0, I generate x t. Then I start from x0 plus x0 prime equal x0 plus delta 0, and I generate x prime t, which will be equal to x t plus something by definition. You want to understand this stuff. This is very simple. You consider this equation, you want to see x prime t plus 1 is equal fx prime t. So this is x t plus 1 plus delta t plus 1 equal to f or x t plus delta t.  So if you assume that this is small, if you assume that this is small, you just simplify this with this, and you have delta t plus 1 is equal f prime x t delta t. Street-ree-speaking, you have also this step. So you have this equation. So this equation is tautological true, but you have this part which is disturbing. So the idea is to define the Lyapunl-sponent in a proper way, in this way, let me call lambda. In this case, there is only one lambda, but the official name is the maximum characteristic exponent, but just for friend, the Lyapunl-sponent. So this is defined as the limit t go to infinity, of the log of delta t over delta 0, 1 over t, but before this limit, I take the limit delta 0 go to 0. So I assume that delta 0 is small, before I take delta 0 small, and then the limit t go to infinity. So in the picture, sorry, you remember the picture before, we have something like that. I take delta 0 very small. I take delta 0 very small, in such a way the interval time for which you have the exponential is very large. I have this stuff. So this is the trick to take before this limit and then this. So the mathematician, who like to invent Pompu's name, consider another equation where this is removed, so they call the term tangent vector. Sorry, Angelo, this depends on x t, on where you start. Yeah, yeah, exact. This can depend on x 0. Then I show you that, in principle, this can depend on x 0. Yeah, absolutely. Thanks. I forget to make this. So the tangent vector, in this case, it's not a vector, but the tangent vector z t, and tangent vector z t evolve in this way. So practically is the previous equation where I just delete the term order delta. So this is the first derivative delta, right? Fortunately, I have the German, which is very precise, and this means that z t is delta t. It's delta t, but delta t is small at any time. But how is possible to have small at any time? You have to take extremely small delta 0 and so on. So in this way, this is automatically is true. So if you introduce this trick, it's not necessary to perform this, because automatically you have performed this limit. This is the trick. I think you see in this way, automatically you have this limit. And so, and then you have the leopon, oops, the leopon exponent, which of course depend on x 0, is the limit, the limit t go to infinite 1 over t log z t over z 0. Okay, you have this now. Okay, now this depend only from x 0. This quantity has a strong relation with the ergodicity. This is not obvious, we don't see. You don't see, but if you look carefully, carefully, if you look enough, I show you in 20 second that this quantity is not about the time average. Doesn't appear time average, but I can write this as time average. Why? Because just log of z, let me write in this way, z of t, z t minus 1, z t minus 1, z t minus 2, z 1, z 0, 0. It's the same, you see? It's the same, because you simplify this with this, this, okay. So, bonus. So you see that you can write in this way, you see? But now, okay, I remind the definition of this, this is limit t go to infinite, 1 over t sum j from 0 to t minus 1, log of f prime x t, x j modules. Now, you see, this is time average. This is time average. So, now, remind me the first Birkhoff-Neumon theorem. This, for sure, there exists. This, for sure, there exists. And, in principle, is a function of lambda 0, or x 0, in principle, okay? Now, you can wonder, is really a function of x 0 or not? Okay, it depends. If the system is ergodic, it's not a function of x 0. They prove that it is ergodic, another story. So, you have it. Now, if the system is ergodic, then you have that lambda is equal to... So, lambda, you see that lambda is this quantity. If it is ergodic, this is the integral of rho invariant, x log f prime. If this is invariant, then you have a precise... Okay, and you can compute. Okay, compute in turbulent invariant distribution. And that's it. So, for example, in the case of the... Just trivial exercise. In the case of the 10 map, in the case of the 10 map, so you have the f prime is 2, so, and this is constant. This is immediately, this is just log 2. Okay, in this case, you are just log 2. Okay, and you can wonder, what is the... The Lyapunosponent of the logistic map is still log 2. Why? So, you can perform brute force just using this formula and performing some integral, if you are clever enough or some trick, or you can wonder a general, more general question. What happens if I have a system and I perform a topology agonugation? The Lyapunosponent remain the same or not? The answer is, yes, remain the same. It's possible to prove, it's not difficult to just...  So, you have that the Lyapunosponent is invariant under topological agonugation. This is very important because it means that it's not important if you use a variable x or x cubed. It's the same. So, this is an intrinsic property. It doesn't change if you change the language. Okay? So, the Lyapunosponent is an intrinsic property. It's an intrinsic property. It's not a property which depends on the variable you are using.   Okay? This is the result, without proof, but so. Angelo, we have a question on the chart. On Poincaré-Bendisson, as I said, it's valid only for integer dimensions. The question is, can we have a tractor in a dimension between 1 and 2? No, no, okay. So, it's necessary to distinguish the situation with continuous time or discrete time. With continuous time differential equation, you need at least three dimension. This is as a consequence of Poincaré-Bendisson theory. On the contrary, in one dimension, in discrete time, one variable is enough. So, this is what we prove. This is the proof, no? This is the proof because it's the front map. Yes, then from the intuitive proof we gave, I understand 2D should be taken something like a lower bound to a lower radial dimension for cows. Okay, it's what I said before. The question, I can have an attractor. Yeah, dimension between 1 and 2. Yes, we discussed tomorrow. Tomorrow, for example, in the n-map, in the n-map, the dimension is between 1 and 2. It depends on the value. The usual parameter you find on the book, the fractal dimension is something like 1.25. I know very well because when I was young, I compute many, many times this stuff, inventing some method and so on. Yeah, in n-map is a archetype of two-dimensional cowdy system, this typically. And the dimension is between 1 and 2. Okay, so the lambda is invariant and topology of conservation. In 1D, the proof is just a direct checking, but it is valid in n-dimensional. So the upon-exponent is something, I define all this. This is the upon-exponent in 1D. So the upon-exponent in 1D, there is no particular difficulty. It's just this stuff. Now you wonder, what happened if I consider, let me discuss for maps, for the differential equation, the situation is very similar. But if you consider a two-dimensional map, for example, an n-map, immediately you realize a terrible problem. Why? Why? The problem is the following. Let me write the n-map. Okay, this is the n-map. And the idea is just to repeat the approach before and to write the tangent vector. So the tangent vector means delta x, okay? So if I had the tangent vector, zeta 1, zeta 1 is associated to x, zeta 1 t plus 1 is equal to minus 2 A x t zeta 1 t plus zeta 2 t zeta. I guess if I write in compact way, z vector t plus 1 is equal to a matrix, which is minus 2 A x t 1 b 0 zeta t. Okay, I have this equation. So for the tangent vector, tangent vector means zeta, means delta x, repeating the argument before. So I have that the evolution of the tangent vector is given applying a certain matrix to the previous time. Note, this is the matrix, so the structure of the problem is the following. In the structure of the problem, so in 1D, in 1D, we have this structure. In d2, we have z z plus 1 is equal to a certain matrix, which depend of x t. We have this, this is the structure. So and now you want to understand what you want to understand how behave z in time, okay? And so the problem is the following. Imagine that you started with a certain x 0 and you started with a certain z 0, okay? You compute all this stuff and then you look at the limit t go to infinite 1 over t log of modulus. Okay, so the time is just modulus of this over modulus. You look at this quantity. So, of course, this quantity must depend from x 0 and z 0. So these are called Lyapun exponents. So, of course, in the problem is that this quantity, which depend of these two stuff, okay? And so you see that the difference in the one-dimensional case is related to the fact that in general, a, this matrix does not commute. So if the matrix commutes, the problem is trivial. The problem is trivial. The entire situation is when the matrix does not commute. Because if it commutes, you are back to the people's case. Just diagonalize for this component. Because in this case, what we have, z t is equal to the product of f prime x j, j from 0 to t minus 1, z 0. You have this. If you repeat here, you have the same. You have the same. But the problem is that now the product must be computed in the correct chronological order, where here is not important. So you have this problem, this might be a x t minus 1, a x t minus 2, up to a x 1, z 0. So you have this product of matrices in a proper order. If it's possible, if this commutes, the problem is trivial. But the fact that in this case, you see, this doesn't commute. This doesn't compute because it depends on the evolution of x t. So the computation of this stuff is absolutely not trivial. And the first point is necessary to prove that there exists this stuff. The existence of this stuff is not trivial, because before it was just a consequence of ergodicity. Now also in this case, the consequence of ergodicity, but the proof is necessary to invoke a non-trivial theorem. The non-trivial theorem is the theorem of Zellig. The theorem of Zellig is following. The theorem of Zellig is that. When you perform this quantity, now look at the dependence of z 0. So in principle, you can expect that you can have all the possible value depending of z 0. But actually, the possible result are only 2 in this case. We are in two dimension, in d dimension, d value. So the way to mention the Oceledek theorem without entering in the detail, without entering in the detail, the Oceledek theorem in this case, say that the limit t to infinite 1 over t log of z t modulus z 0 is equal to lambda 1. We can depend on lambda 0 or lambda 2, which depends on lambda 0. Only two possibilities, depending of z 0. So if, depending of z 0. And so, and what that is the following, that for almost all z 0, you have this one. In order to have, and this let me call it smaller than lambda 1, lambda 1 and lambda 2 are called liapron exponents. The liapron characteristic exponents. This is the first liapron point, this is the second characteristic. And so, in the, so, in more than one dimension, we have the first, the second, and so on. So you had the number of liapron exponents, how many degree of freedom you have. And this depends on z 0. So, and in order to understand the trouble, this is not a proof, this is just to have the intuition. Let us consider the case where a is constant, doesn't depend on time. So if it doesn't depend on time, you have that z of t is equal to a to t z 0. And then, if you consider the eigenvalue problem, this is equal to alpha. Imagine that you find alpha 1, alpha 2. And so you write z 0 as z 0 as a certain c 1 v 1 plus t c 2 v 2. So the evolution of z of t, z of t is c 1 alpha 1 to t v 1 plus c 2 alpha 2 v 2. Now, let me assume that alpha 1 modulus is larger than alpha 2. So in this case, what happened? If c 1 is different from 0, so z 0 has non-zero projection on the most expanding direction, the leading term is this one. So in this case, you have the z t vave, like alpha 1. So on the contrary, if c 1 is equal to 0, you have alpha 2. So you see that this is selected almost sure, apart of the very strange situation. But if you wonder, this is the essence of the theorem. So no, this is not a theorem. This is just why you have this dependence of z 0. This is just the definition. This is just the theorem. Then you can wonder, OK, but how can compute this stuff? How can compute this? Possible to compute in some efficient way this stuff? This is another story. May, now the fact that there exist this limit is a sort of ergodic property, and is strictly associated to the statistical mechanics of this sort of system. Maybe let me spend the rest of this class to show you why this problem of the product of random matrices are common both to chaotic system to the sort of system.  Just for denotation, and let me, so I, OK, let us consider a one dimensional spin glass, OK? Is a tribute to Giorgio Parisi, my professor. So you have a 1D random easy model. So there is something like that. So you have some random coupling and random magnetic field. And, OK, you have to write the partition function. So the partition function will depend on the temperature. It will depend on all these coupling and all these stuff, OK? And you write sigma 1, sigma n, exponential of these things. So here you have the sum on n, beta, jn, sigma n, sigma n plus 1, plus beta, hn, sigma n, here this. And then you can just close, just take on the circle. So sigma n plus 1 is sigma 1, something like that, OK? So now you note that you can write this quantity using the trick of the transfer matrix. So if you introduce this, let me introduce this sigma, sigma prime, let me put here n here, beta, jn, sigma, sigma prime plus beta, hn, sigma. If I introduce this, I have that zn is the sum of sigma 1, sigma of t sigma 1, sigma 2, t sigma 2, sigma 3, n, minus 1, sigma n, OK? No, let me put this one, sigma n, OK? So you see that, you see? And this is, so you see that you can write this as the trace, the trace of this product. Sorry, this is 1, this is 2, this is n. You have the product of this stuff. You have the product and stuff. So now you, OK, if these are constant, if these are constant, it's enough to compute the first and second, no? In the case, in the case, this is, in the case, they are constant, it's just lambda 1 n plus lambda 2 n, where lambda 1 and lambda 2 are the eigenvalue of t. And this is, this is simple. And so you see that what is real important is only lambda 1 and the maximum 1, because when you take the free energy, take the free energy per particle, kt log of z n over n, you have this, this is just minus kt log lambda 1 plus smaller term, OK? So you see that the free energy, the free energy is given by the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix. OK, this is for the real case. Now repeat the game for the random case. So if you repeat the game for random case and you don't know, you are very naive, you are not familiar with this problem of the system, what you have, that you have f n equal to minus k log z n over n, OK, this is the, this is the main kt log of the trace of this product divided by n. Of course, this quantity, this quantity, if you don't know nothing, is a function, you know what, is a function of n, is a function of t, is a function of all j and all h, right? Here is one. So if you are completely naive, you have this stuff, but what is important, so this is the, then you can wonder, but if I take this quantity and I perform an average, the average on what? On this quantity here, OK, this stuff, and then the probability of all the j, the probability of, and this, I write in a formal way, it's clear what it means, it's all there. I have a number, I have a number, OK? I have a number, but of course this is horrible. So this is horrible, and from the concept of point of view means that you have an experiment, you have a disorder system with the gold, with some purity of iron, and then you move the impurity and compute the free energy, and then perform the average on all the possible way to compute the impurity. It's ridiculous, nobody is able to do this. Then you can wonder, you can wonder, if I perform a unique experiment, unique experiment means that with the unique realization of the disorder, with n large enough, what I have. No, if I take this, if I take this, and I look at the limit n, go to infinite, I obtain this or not, OK? This is from a physical point of view, it's a very precise question, because this means that I have just one situation, and this is representative of the ensemble. This is enough, OK? So you see that the answer from physical point of view is yes, I hope this, I hope this, and the mathematical point of view, why I can say yes, I can say yes, because of a selected tier, because at the end of the story, this is a part of the decoration, a part of the decoration, this is the logarithm, this is the Japanese point, or the logarithm of the Japanese point, because when you perform this product, a part of a very rare situation, I obtain always the average, is like in large number theory, the theory of large number, so you perform the sum of, in principle you can obtain everything, but you obtain always the good value, which is the tm value, this is exactly the same, but of course it is highly non-trivial, this is the consequence of this, Ocelial theorem, the official name is multiplicative ergodic theorem, because it is associated with some multiplication. The non-trivial part is associated with the fact that the matrix doesn't commute, OK? This is the, so this is the connection with the two fields, OK? This is the connection to the field, then next step is how you can compute, this is another story, how you can compute this number, you can try to compute it with some analytical effort, I spent some years when I was young on this, I also write a book, I can send to you the book, and all there are some analytical method, approximation, which, whose difficulty does not depend on the dimension of the system, even 2D, the problem is difficult, it's not the fact that 2D is simple in 20, no. No, 2D is simple, it's difficult, it's difficult, that's it, sorry. There are not systematic approach, there are some methods developed by many people, they redow work a lot on this stuff. And, OK, but I don't want to discuss about the analytical method, I just want to discuss about how to compute numerically, how to compute numerically, and then, what is the connection with the other problem? Because apparently, I split the problem in the time and space, but actually there is a connection. These are not two split problems, two aspects of the same stuff, and there is a bridge between these two. So, before to, let me spend the last 10 years, just discussing the method due to Benetin and the other people, and which is a computational translation of the oscillator theorem. OK, I discuss this in the case of the NOMAP, and then you can generalize it. When you will have time, maybe you can play with this, and you can write, the code is very exterior, it's just a few lines. So, started with, let me write the, this we are in 2D, OK? We are in 2D, then I write the Z equation, the Z is equal to a certain matrix, which depends on X, Z, or T. How is this matrix? This matrix is just i, j, it's just the derivative of f, i, put along the trajectory. That's it, OK? In the case of NOMAP, because this A is minus AX, no, there is a factor 2, maybe there is a factor 2 here, I don't remember. Yeah, there is a factor 2. Apparently, there is an innocent structure, but it's not innocent at all, OK? Apparently it's very, so this problem of random matrix, when you read for the first time, it's like, come on, I had to manage 2D matrix, but I didn't care. It's not so. And, OK, you had this. Then the computation of the first one, OK? First characteristic diagonal exponent, lambda 1. Lambda 1 is defined in the same way. So you started with a certain X0. So let's assume that this is a gotic, otherwise it remains independent of X0. And you started with Z0. So you iterate this. You need to iterate both. You see? In order to compute the exponent, you have to iterate the system, because you need these matrix.  And this, with probability 1, you take lambda 1. This approach, this for T, go to infinite. This approach to lambda 1, with probability 1, in the sense that unless you are so unlucky, that you consider Z0 perpendicular to the most expanding, you take lambda 1. But don't worry, if you are unlucky, the computer will solve your trouble. So, I mean, if I think of doing this, I mean, I will have ZT, which is exponentially larger than Z0, and then maybe I will get a round of errors. Right, so this is the technical, no, technical, this is the practical trick. OK, this is just, now, I will solve the practical trick, this problem, this is very simple. And this trick is a clean trick, it's not a dirty trick, so there are two kinds of tricks, the trick where you are cheating, but this trick you are not cheating, OK? You observe the following, so you see, of course, this increase a lot, you expect to have trouble with the numerics, but you look at this argument, so you can write this as, you can fix a certain time tau, which is not important, it depends only on your computer, maybe 3, 5, 10, even 1, if you like. And so you can write this way, you can write this as ZT, ZT minus tau, ZT minus tau, and so on, OK? So, let me call this, let me call this, so here you have that, this is the sum of log of Z, let me call this Tn Tn minus 1, where Tn is equal to n tau, and here I write this way, OK? So, and then I take the limit capital N, go to infinite, then why this is nice, is nice the fact that note that this quantity, if I change this, this change, but the ratio doesn't change, why? Because the dynamics of the tangent vector is linear, so this means that I can, I can use the following trick, the following clean trick, I start with Z, Z at 0, for example, modulus equal 1, why not? Then I compute, I compute Z at 91, OK? And then I have alpha 1, and then I have alpha 1, which is the stuff, then I rescale, then I rescale, then instead to consider, then I rescale, then zeta prime, zeta prime at T1 is equal to Z at T1 divided by alpha 1. In such a way zeta prime has a modulus 1, and then repeat, and then I have alpha 2, and so. And this is a clean trick, because I just use the fact that the evolution of this stuff is linear. So at the end of the story, I have limit n go to infinity, 1n tau, sum of log of alpha j, alpha n, OK? And this is a way to avoid numerical overflow, because you can take also this, even 1, if you like. OK, then you have to decide, if to rescale too often, you spend your time, but in this way, you avoid the trouble, you avoid the trouble of the overflow. Now you can, how you can compute the second one? The second one is more complicated. OK, but let's start with the idea, so I... The second, the computation of the second, so the idea is to start with zeta 1, 0, and another zeta 2, 0. This is perpendicular. So you start with these two, so this is zeta 1. So you know that asymptotically this will increase in some direction. OK, then if you start at random, even this will collapse very close to this. Of course, it's impossible to avoid. OK, but if you start now, instead of looking at the distance, you look at the area between these two stuff, you realize that this area, the growth of this area, the growth of the area increase as the sum of the liaponsponent. So this area, area at time t is the area at time 0 exponentially, lambda 1 plus lambda 2 at time t. Of course, here you have horrible, horrible problem with the underflow, because now this increase became infinite, but this angle became zero. So the trick is to perform a ground speed or to normalization. So you repeat that came, not only to rescale this, but also to or to normalize after a certain time. OK, you start from this, you arrive to a situation like this and you perform an or to normalization. So these remain, and so on. And you compute the area and blah, blah, blah. But so the problem is that if you want to compute the second liaponsponent, you cannot compute the second liaponsponent if you don't know the first. So I am interested in a system with 200,000 liaponsponent. I want to compute the liaponsponent 1,023. OK, you can do, but you have to compute the previous one. OK, this is the method. Which is not impossible. So for example, when I was younger we compute some 1,000 with Stefan Ruffo. It was in our game when we were young to compute many liaponsponent. It's not particularly difficult. It's just long. OK, tomorrow I'll continue to discuss this stuff. But in addition, the liaponsponent has some property and I forget. I need to discuss the property of the liaponsponent. Tomorrow I'll continue. OK, thank you very much. So we continue tomorrow. Today some of you will go to CISA. And there were some questions on how to go to CISA. I think you will receive shortly some instruction on where the bus will be, et cetera, et cetera. OK, thank you very much.