Yeah, thank you. One thing that's important to mention, I think for both Fred and I, we're fortunate to be in a unique environment where there's a high level of collaboration amongst urologists, radiologists, anesthesia, oncology, so we're fortunate to have that level of patient management available. And so on, I also need to give Fred Lee thanks because he basically taught me how to do this and taught everyone how to do it for that matter. I'm going to jump right into the outcomes following cryoablation because that's probably most important, and from that we'll take our comparisons. The long-term outcome exists in surgical literature. This has been done since the late 1990s in the operating room. Outcomes have ranged from 90 to 100 percent based on two long-term studies, five to eight years. The percutaneous experience is a little more limited with shorter published follow-up at this point, but outcomes still range in that 90 percent range. This is a heterogeneous patient population. The AUA algorithm is such that patients who have comorbid disease or prior renal cell carcinoma are being treated with this ablative technique. What's important is to look at the sporadic renal cell carcinoma, the de novo tumors. When we look at that population, our recurrence-free survival is rather remarkable. At three years, we're at about 97 percent based on a study out of our institution. As you can see, overall survival isn't quite so great, but again, these are older patients with comorbid disease, so we don't expect their survival to be equivalent with a younger, healthier population. As Fred alluded to, it's quite important to recognize that if you take an appropriate patient population, radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and cryoablation are going to be equivalent in efficacy in treating small renal masses. What do I mean by that? It's breakfast time. We've got Eggs Benedict, chocolate chip pancakes. We've got Guy Fieri. He's got decades cooking experience, product endorsements, and I bet he's got a heck of a microwave, and he can make a really nice Eggs Benedict. I've got Aunt Jemima, a nice sous chef, and we'll make you chocolate chip pancakes. What do I mean by this? It's important to appropriately apply the skill set and the tools that you have available in treating these tumors if you want to optimize your outcomes. We're fortunate that we have both radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation at our institution. We tend to treat exaphytic tumors with radiofrequency ablation and central tumors with cryoablation. There's a little overlap here, but that's kind of what we do. When we go back and look at our outcomes in treating a large number of patients, we find that our recurrence-free survival rates are rather close between the two modalities. If we look at overall recurrence-free survival, outcomes are identical between RF and cryo, although the follow-up is a little longer with RF. Actually, when we look at the renal cell carcinoma-specific rates, we actually get better outcomes with RF, and our outcomes are a little less with cryo, which is probably related to not appreciating the need for two cryoprobes for every tumor that Dr. Lee alluded to. But anyway, this being said, with appropriate selection, you can achieve equivalent outcomes. There are some possible advantages of cryoablation. One is that it's very predictable. There's a long history of irregular ablations in skipped areas with radiofrequency ablation. We can watch what's happening with cryoablation. I'll show you some examples. We can treat large tumors with cryoablation. This is kind of pushing the limit of what's considered acceptable within current guidelines. We can treat central tumors perhaps a little safer and a little more effectively compared to the heat-based techniques. While ablation can be used to treat metastases throughout the body, there might be some advantage of cryoablation, both with respect to pain and local control rates. We know cryoablation is very predictable. This is an ice ball in a little beaker of saline, and this is that same ice ball in the kidney. It's very equivalent. We know that's what we're going to get when we put it in the body. That allows us to shape ice and exactly morph the kill zone to the tumor that we're looking at. Similarly, we can watch that ice ball as it grows in the target lesion. Early on, we knew that that edge of ice is zero degrees. There's some debate on what a lethal temperature is. The closest study we have for kidney cancer is kidney cancer cells in a dish. That temperature was minus 24 degrees. We shoot for the minus 20, minus 40 isotherm. Importantly, we can see zero. We know we extend the ice beyond that. This was a small tumor in the right kidney. We put a couple probes in here, and I hope you can appreciate the ice growing beyond the tumor here. We give contrast after the 10-minute freeze, and you see a well-demarcated ablation defect, which has encompassed the tumor. What does that give you? A high level of confidence in what you have done to treat the patient at that moment. This allows single-session treatments. We don't do second treatments or stage treatments. This is all done one sitting. There are some known limitations of radiofrequency ablation in treating tumors over 3 centimeters. Success drops below 80%. This has unfortunately kind of been incorporated into AUA guidelines when giving overall recommendations. Microwave ablation is going to be better for these larger tumors, although there will probably always be some limitations in not being able to monitor the ablation. When we look at big tumors, one of the advantages we have, let's see if I can play this here. I apologize, this played earlier. It's a really cool video. We'll give it another minute, otherwise I'll just go ahead. What we can do is we can take the synergy of multiple cryoprobes going into the tumor. There's a coalescence of ice that allows us to generate massive ice balls inside the body. We can generate ice balls of 10, 11 centimeters. I'll show you in a minute. Our early outcomes show that tumors over 3 centimeters, we can get local control rates of 97%. For T1B tumors, we're going to show next month in Chicago that we can achieve 96% local recurrence-free survival rates at mean three years of follow-up. We can do this pretty effectively. We can treat these tumors that are over 7 centimeters. These are all done under general anesthesia.  The complication rate is actually quite high, as you can imagine being the comorbid disease, but these can be treated effectively. No deaths, no dialysis. We can treat central tumors with cryoablation. You can put those needles right in the middle of the kidney without concern of significant urine leak. We can generate lethal ice in the center of the kidney to overcome that warm blood flow that's moving by there at 37 degrees. We can treat these central tumors with RF and presumably microwave. There is some concern about significant urophilial injury and urine leaks, as well as overcoming those thermal sink effects and generating effective ablation. Moving on to ablation of metastases, which I know a lot of people here are interested in. You can apply this same ablative technology to treatment of tumors anywhere in the body. The group out of Wayne State published their experience in treating 72 metastases throughout the body. Based on short-term follow-up, they found 97 percent local control of these tumors. This is a very effective viable option compared to radiation. This predictability allows you to tailor that ice ball morphology to the tumor. For example, rib metastasis here, where maybe skin injury would be an issue with a radiation treatment. We can come at this with probes from either direction and generate a very nice round ball of ice to encompass that tumor with, again, that very high level of confidence that that tumor has been effectively destroyed. Similarly, we can ablate these adrenal neoplasms. We published our outcome in 12 patients with cryoablation with short-term local control of 92 percent. We're going to show our control rates with both RF and more recently cryoablation in 25 patients. Again, that's 92 percent at 21 months of follow-up. This was a tumor in the left adrenal gland. Two probes were placed into the tumor. Again, you can watch the ice grow and encompass that tumor. At 26 months, there has been no recurrence. This is an effective option. We can also palliate pain. A multi-center study led by a colleague of mine, Matt Colstrom, showed significant decreases in pain related to oseous metastatic disease, both in the worst pain and mean average pain. This was immediate and durable over months of follow-up. This was a metastasis to the acetabulum. Probes are placed into the tumor. The ice grows, encompasses that neoplasm in the acetabulum. We know that's been effectively destroyed. There's a lot of bleeding, especially with big tumors. Blood doesn't want to clot at cold temperatures, and then there's the cost that Dr. Lee alluded to with these probes. When we look at our volumes over time, we can see that cryo is largely supplanted RF. We saw our volume of blood, and we saw our volume of blood, and we saw our volume of blood, and we saw our volume of blood, and we saw our volume of blood, and we saw our volume of blood, and it was largely supplanted RF. We saw our volumes drop in 2011. What was that due to? It was that pause button when we aggressively started pursuing surveillance. Thank you.


We can see your screen. Now you can hear me, right? Yeah. I just forgot to unmute. All right. Thanks to the organizers for organizing this interesting workshop. I also would like then to start thanking the student who did the work, Dan Mulder, and also Tom Aldrich for the collaboration. So the topic is about copying. And of course, copying is fundamental to life. And perhaps the most striking example of copying is the self-replication of a single-celled organism. But also the molecular scale copying is very important, DNA replication, gene expression. But also in cell signaling, copying is a key ingredient. And to illustrate that, I would like to briefly highlight a recent result from our group, right? And so recently we've been interested in cellular prediction, this question of how accurately can cells predict future changes in the environment. And so the general setup is that shown over here. So here you have an input signal that fluctuates in time. This signal is relayed via some signaling system not shown to the output signal shown in blue. And then the system then needs to predict from the current output now what the future input will be. Now, and while the system needs to predict the future input, it can, of course, only sense the current input and remember the past input. And this immediately implies that there is a fundamental limit to how much information the system can obtain about the future, the so-called predictive information, which is set by the information, the amount of information that is extracted from the past signal. Now, this information bound does not depend on the design of the system. It only depends on the statistics of the input signal. Yet how close the system can come to this information bound, that does depend on the design of the system. In particular, to reach the information bound, the cell should extract those characteristics of the past signal that are most informative about the future signal. Moreover, the amount of information that the system extracts from the past signal or can extract, that is determined by how many resources are devoted to maintaining and operating the signaling system. So receptor proteins and readout molecules are needed. They have to be synthesized on a timescale set by the growth rate. And also, these signaling systems are typically driven out of equilibrium requiring a chemical energy cost. And these resource calls then put a bound on the amount of information that the system can extract from the past signal, which in turn will put an upper bound on the amount of information they can possibly have about the future signal. Now, what I would like to briefly highlight now is that in order to understand this, we also have to understand the energetics of copying. And more concretely, so we have recently looked at a Markovian input signal. We've also looked at non-Markovian input signals. But for now, briefly, I want to focus on the Markovian input signal. And here in black, you then see this information bound, this predictive information as set by the past information. And as I already mentioned, this is really determined. This bound is really determined by the temporal statistics of this Markovian signal. But here, highlighted in green, this region shaded in green, that is the region that is accessible to this push-pull network under a resource cost C, which in this particular example is simply given by the number of receptors and the number of readout molecules times this growth rate. And there are three points worthy of note. The first is that as you relax the resource constrained, as more readout molecules and receptor molecules can extract information, that then more information, more past information and predictive information can be obtained. That's not so surprising. But what's perhaps more interesting is that this push-pull network, it can reach this information bound. But what's perhaps even more interesting is that this system can increase both its predictive power and its past information by moving away from this information bound. And so why is this now? And to elucidate this, we can look at the design of the system along this information frontier. And remember that along this frontier, the sum of the number of receptor and readout molecules, that is constant. But what you see is that as the system moves away from the bound, the ratio of the number of readout molecules over the receptor molecules increases as well as the integration time. So really what happens is that at this information bound where theta equals 0, there the integration time is 0. So that's the time to complete a cycle. The number of readout molecules equals the number of receptor molecules. So here at the information bound, the system is an instantaneous responder. It instantly copies the input signal into the output signal. But the system can do better by moving away from this bound by trading receptor molecules for readout molecules. And then what happens is illustrated here, it basically then takes more measurements per receptor. It stores receptor states in the past in the stable chemical modification states of these readout molecules. So it copies states of the receptor in the past. It copies these into these stable chemical modification states. So copying is really what makes it possible for the system to increase its predictive power. But what now about energy? So here in this example, I've ignored the operating cost. If I now include the operating cost, what you will see is that then the system moves away from this information bound. And that can be understood very intuitively because to reach this information bound, the integration time tower should be zero because only then can the system instantly copy the current input into the current output. But that's, of course, precisely the point where this operating cost diverges. So the operating cost diverges at the information bound. And in general, including it, moves then the system away from the information bound. So this example goes to illustrate that copying is fundamentally important for cell signaling. It's really what enables time integration. And copying requires not only molecules, proteins, but it also requires energy. So does copying or taking a measurement require energy and why? Of course, this is a very old question. So at least 100 years old, it goes back all the way to Maxwell's demon, this creature that tried to create an energy gradient without having to put in any work in a parent violation of the second law from the dynamics. And then Silar basically exercised this demon by realizing that you can only extract work if you do measurements, but measurements, taking a measurement, however, costs work. And then Bennett and Landauer, they carved this out more clearly. And at the end of the day, what happens is that taking a measurement or making a copy is all about correlating the state of the system of interest, let's say the data bed, with the state of the measurement device, the memory bid. Moreover, after the measurement has been taken, you typically want to separate your measurement device from the system that you just measured and creating correlations between two systems that are separated that do not directly interact that cost free energy as shown over here. And this extra cost is given by this mutual information. And so this means that work is needed to establish correlations. It also means that free energy is stored in these correlations, which means that work in principle could also be extracted. Now, where the work is put in to create these correlations, that is actually not of primary importance. Where you do the work is really an accounting exercise. So you could first reset or erase the memory bid. So here we have, let's say, the data bid that we want to copy inside a 0 or 1. We want to copy the state of the data bid into this memory bid, which initially is maybe 0 or 1. Then we can first reset the memory such that we start the copy process with the memory in a well-defined state. Then we need to put in work to reset the memory. The copy process as such can be then for free. That's one way of doing it. But you can also decide to just omit the reset step and directly copy. And then you need to put in work to carry out this copy operation. And yeah, so it's really work. At the end of the day, you need work because work input is required because you need to establish these correlations. Now, in principle, work can also be extracted. But that's typically not what you do in a typical copy process. And it's this failure to extract work that really underlines the thermodynamic irreversibility of a canonical measurement cycle. Now, these optimal protocols, they work really by tilting energy landscapes. While the cellular systems, they typically operate at a constant non-equilibrium driving force. So the cells do their best to maintain the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and PI at constant levels. So the driving force is typically constant. But then the copying proceeds via enzymes, catalysts that reduce barriers. And this has marked implications for the thermodynamic trade-offs between energy and precision. And this is discussed in this paper shown over here. So for now, for the remaining 10 minutes or 50 minutes or so, I will now focus on these more canonical protocols that work by changing energy landscapes. And I will ask the question, what is the trade-off between work and precision when this copy now needs to be made in a finite time? Of course, there has been a lot of work on bit reset in finite time. But as I'll help to show you, copying really brings new and interesting physics into the picture. So what are the questions then that we're going to address? So if you think about it, then you may expect that there's a trade-off between minimizing the work to copy the two respective states of the data bits separately, which then immediately raises this question, what is the optimal protocol that minimizes the average work to copy the data bits? How does this protocol depend on the bias of the data bits and the speed and precision of the copy operation? And how does this optimal copy protocol depend on the steps in this whole protocol that are in time constraint? And I will elucidate that in due time. So what is the protocol that we consider? So here we have the potential of a memory bit. We then bring it into contact with the data bits. If the data bit is 0, then the sequence of steps in the top row will be followed, else the steps in the bottom row. And a typical protocol consists of first establishing the correlation between the memory bits and the data bit. And this is done by changing these energy levels. Then we need to decouple the memory bit from the data bits. This we do by raising the barrier between the two states of the memory bit, and then we can decouple. And then at some point, there will also be a decorrelation step. And I will discuss that in much more detail later. So we will model the memory bit as a two state system. The energy level difference is given by this local detail balance rule. And here we assume that when we change these respective rates, there's some remains constants. But this is really not of much importance. Another procedure where you keep the forward rate constant also only changes the backward rates. That gives very similar results. So we start now by considering copying of one state of the data bit. And the work to copy one state of the data bit is then given by these equations over here. So if you integrate by parts, then you get this term and this term. So the first term here, that's the change in internal energy. The second term is the heat. And then in the spirit of stochastic thermodynamics, this heat is the entropy change in the environment, which is minus the entropy change of the system plus the irreversible entropy production. So from this, you then obtain that the work to copy a given state of the data bit is given by the free energy change of the memory bit plus this irreversible entropy production term. And then we can derive the optimal protocol using a Lagrangian approach. We've actually used an approach that's very similar to that described by Deweyse et al. in this paper. And this problem has similarities to bit reset, although we also find some differences. But I will not go into these details here. So what do we then find? So we'll consider copying the state of one data bit. And we will assume here for now that the initial distribution of the memory bit is 50-50. The two states of the memory bit are equally likely. And this then means that the cost of copying the two states of the data bit separately is the same. And so here you see then the energy change as a function of time for different total copy times. And this dashed line, that's the energy difference that yields the desired accuracy in the quasi-static limit where you have an infinite time to carry out the copy process. That corresponds to the equilibrium distribution consistent with the required precision. And what you then see is that when the copy time gets shorter, that you have to push the system more, you have to drive it more out of equilibrium. And that's, I think, pretty intuitive. What you can see here on the right is that there's a minimal copy time, just the time at which this work diverges to reach a desired accuracy. And the larger the required accuracy, the larger this minimal copy time should be. And so copying with a desired position requires a minimum copy time. Now, what is now the average work to copy a data bit? So the average work to copy data bit where p prime is the probability that the data bit is state one. That is then just given by this simple weighted average. And if you work it out, you'll find that it's given by these three terms. So the first term on the right-hand side, that's the mutual information between the data bit and the memory bit after the copy step. So this depends on the bias, the statistics of the data bit. It also depends on the precision of the copy process, because the bias and the data bit and the precision of the copy voter, that determines the distribution of the memory after the copy step. So that's the first term. That's the mutual information. The second term, that's the Kubeck-Leibler divergence between the memory distribution after the copy process versus the memory distribution before the copy process. So this is really the non-equilibrium free energy stored in the memory, in isolation. And then the last term is this entropy, irreversible entropy production. Another point worthy of note is that this first term, as I mentioned, that's just set by the statistics of the data bit and the required precision. There's nothing to optimize here. But the second term, that depends on this final distribution. That is set by the statistics of the data bit and the precision. This cannot be optimized. But this initial distribution, the initial distribution of the memory bit, that can be optimized. The irreversible entropy production, that also depends on the initial distribution of the memory bit. And as I will show you shortly on the next slide, this leads to an interesting trade-off between these two terms. Moreover, while these two terms, the mutual information and the Kubeck-Leibler divergence, they do not depend on time. The last term, of course, does depend on time. And so what we will see is that we will get a trade-off between these last two terms that actually depends on time. So that makes it interesting. So this is then the main results. So here you see the average work to copy the data bit as a function of the initial distribution of the memory bit as quantified by the probability that initially at t equals 0, it is in state 1. So we look here at the average work to copy a data bit that is biased towards state 1. So the probability that the data bit is in state 1 is 0.9, and the required accuracy is 95%. This dark red line, that's this mutual information, which is independent on the initial distribution of the memory bit. This red line, this bright red line, that's this non-equilibrium free energy stored in the memory bit after the copy process, given by the Kuhlberg-Leibler divergence between the final and initial memory distribution. And that has a minimum around here. So this is the final distribution. This point is the final distribution as set by the data bit and the position. And when the initial distribution matches that, then this Kuhlberg-Leibler divergence is indeed minimized, then it is 0. And this offset here between this orange line and this red line, that's this irreversible entropy production when the copy time is relatively large. While this difference between the yellow line and the red line, that's the irreversible entropy production when the copy time is much shorter. And what you can now see is that indeed, when the copy time becomes much shorter, this irreversible entropy production becomes much larger. Moreover, you see that the optimal distribution of the memory bit goes down. And that's also illustrated here. So when the copy time is very, very large, then the optimal initial distribution of the memory bit basically mirrors the bias in the data bit. But then at some point, it rapidly drops to a half, which means that for short copy times, the optimal distribution of the memory bit is 50-50. And it is even actually shown that the optimal distribution for short copy times is 50-50 irrespective of the bias in the data bit. And that is because if you would not go to the symmetric distribution, then the cost of copying the unlikely state of the data bit becomes prohibitively large. You need a certain precision, which means that you need to cover a certain distance similar to a Wasserstein distance in your information space. And when the copy time just becomes very short, then you really want to minimize this distance for both states. And that's why for short copy times, this initial distribution goes to 50-50 irrespective of the bias in the data bit. Now, in the last two minutes or so, what is now the role of this decorrelation step? So far, we've looked at the work to copy, which is basically the work to go from state 1 till state 7. And what's now interesting is that of course, if you want to use the data bit, you can always reverse the protocol. You can run it backwards in time and extract work from that. And in quasi-equilibrium, you would recover all of the work. But that's typically not what you want to do in a measurement. So for example, in the cellular system, after the state of the receptor was copied in the chemical modification state of the readout, then the receptor, if then the ligand molecule unbinds, then the memory, the readout molecule, continues to remember what that state of the receptor, the data bit, was in the past. That's typically what you have. So you don't want to use the data bit again. But if you know the statistics of the data bit, which is different from, of course, knowing the state itself, but if you know the statistics and if you know that the statistics is not symmetric, so if it's a bias to 1, then you can exploit that. And you can basically extract the free energy that is stored in this state of the memory bit. And you can basically recover this Kuhlbeck-Leibler divergence. Because remember, so when the copy time was short, what you see here, then this Kuhlbeck-Leibler term, then indeed becomes important. But this you can recover in this decorrelation step by knowing statistics. And the last point, and I cannot go into that in any further detail, but if the full cycle, the full copy cycle is under a time constraint, then you basically continuously overwrite, then there is no Kuhlbeck-Leibler term. But then the overall work is higher because this irreversible entropy production becomes larger. But that's maybe too much for now to go into further detail. So let me wrap up. So there's a minimum required time that depends on the position of the copy step, the optimal initial distribution of the memory bit depends on the statistics of the data bits, the precision, and the copy time. For large copy times, the optimal distribution of the memory bit mirrors the bias in the data bit. But for short copy time, this optimal distribution becomes 50-50 irrespective of the bias in the data bit, which I think is an interesting and non-frivial result. Lastly, if you think about this, as I mentioned, the optimal distribution goes back to 50-50 for short copy times. And that is really because the cost of copying this unlikely state of the data bit becomes very large. But now you may ask, OK, this is maybe. What happens now if I now allow for asymmetric copy accuracy? So I say I now copy at constant mutual information. And then, of course, the system can give up on copying the unlikely state of the data bit in favor of copying the more likely state of the data bit more accurately. And then you can actually show that then this strategy of mirroring the bias in the data bit, which is the dominant strategy for large copy times, that that becomes useful again. OK, with that, I stop and thank you for your attention. Thank you, Peter-Rain. So we've got a couple of minutes for any questions. Rashid? Yeah, so I was wondering, since you have that at very fast copying this 50-50 being the optimal, it suggests that maybe the amount of work that you need to put into fast copying doesn't depend on anything, the distributions of anything. So is that true? Is there a very simple expression for the amount of work at a really high rate of copying? Yeah, right. So really, so what happens for short copy times when the copy speed is very high is right. So in our setup, so we have that the copy accuracy, required accuracy for the two states of the data bit is the same. And then if your memory bit would be biased towards this state, but now you copy, let's say, state 0, you basically have to tilt this landscape. And this corresponds to a certain distance. And when the copy time is just very short, you're just not able to move over this probability sufficiently rapidly. And then the best you can do is to really have your memory like this, 50-50, because then the distances for copying the two respective states becomes identical. I think it's correct. I think for his question, which is basically, does the copy cost become something that is independent of the input distribution? Yes. I think that's true. That's true. That's also what I said. Yeah. So this 50-50 becomes the optimal input distribution in this limit irrespective of the bias of the data bit. Yeah. Very quickly, Ruxiang. How? Well, OK. Can you hear me? Can you hear me, Professor? Thanks for a very interesting talk. I'm just wondering why there is a irreversible input production term in the optimal work. It is a little bit counterintuitive, since when you, if you quasi-statically copying data bit, the entropy production term means that it seems that the optimal work will diverge since you need an infinite amount of time when you do it quasi-statically. How do you explain that? So if you do quasi-statically, then the data bit is 50-50. The required accuracy is 100%. You can do it at a finite cost of KVT log 2. And really what happens, the way to understand it intuitively, you change this energy level at some, and then you're more and more likely to end up in the right state. You have less and less probability here, which means that it becomes cheaper and cheaper to raise this energy further. And so at some point, you've transferred all your probability. You can basically then raise this energy level to infinity, essentially for free, because you've already transferred your probability. And this is the reason why, in this quasi-static limit, you can do it, you get 100% accuracy for only KVT log 2. But if you do it, but if you need this desired accuracy and you have, you can only do it in a finite time, then you have to really push it out of equilibrium. You have to push harder. And the harder you have to push, the more work you have to put in. OK, very quickly from Udo then, and we will move on. Yeah, Peter Ryan, hello. Very nice. Along the first question, I mean, you pointed out that if you do it in shorter time, it will need more work. But did you look at the scaling in time? Because for many of these processes, when you want to reach something move from A to B, we and others have found that it typically goes like 1 over T for short times. Yes, we also found that. We looked at the scaling, yes, yes. OK. Yeah, so that, yes. Is it 1 over T minus some critical minimal time? Because it diverges at finite time, right? Yeah, no, but I think the 1 over T, I think that's the long time. Is that the short time limit or the long time limit? Usually it's the short. I think it's the long time limit, right? And then it's time. It depends. For continuous systems, it's actually kind of scaling, Mary. And so it's 1 over T in both limits. I think there's a fundamental thing that comes in because there's a discrete process with a we limit the maximum transition rate. And that's what gives the divergence. OK, OK. Anyway, let's thank Peter Ryan again and move on to the next speaker. Apologies that I am not being very precise with my timekeeping. Biswa does, I believe, work fluctuations and introduction of a trap-browning particle in an active-like viso-elastic bath. OK. Yeah. Yeah, may I do it? Yes, you are. Oh, yeah. So, hi.


So you just wish you could easily adjust certain particle settings, not a problem. Let's say you wanted to control the burst amount of particles without having to open this window each time. Well if you click the down arrow on the right and say Make User Parameter, you're done. Now when you drag it into your scene, under Details, you'll be able to set the value whenever you want. This also works for just about anything, you can even do it for things like color curves too. So I hope that helps and as always I hope you have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


Alright guys, can you believe we are here in September almost? So I'm gonna share with you my favorite products for the month of August. I have a purse to share and some really really good makeup products. So let's go ahead and get into it. We're gonna start off with skincare. So the first that I have is to remove makeup. This is from Inkey List and this is the old cleansing balm. You can purchase Inkey List at Target or Sephora now as well. And what's really special about this is the price point. So what I use this for is to get off makeup before I use my normal cleanser. It just kind of melts the makeup off. It's really really nice. And the best part about this is how affordable it is. It doesn't break the bank. Inkey List in general is an affordable skincare brand. And I found with other makeup melting kind of cleansers, they cause my skin to break out. This doesn't make my skin break out so that's really huge. So if you have sensitive skin, I think this is a really nice formula. For transparency, I did do a campaign with Inkey List for this product a few weeks back. I agreed to do the partnership because it was legitimately a great product. I'm not being paid to say that in this video. It is legitimately a great product. And I just love the fact that it doesn't break the bank. I love the formula if it were more expensive as well. But the price is just the cherry on top. You get so much product as well.  The next product that I have is from Fenty Skin. This is the Fat Water. They describe it as a hydrating milky toner essence. I love that they call it the Fat Water. I don't know why. But first of all, it does have a fragrance to it. So if you are sensitive to fragrance, back off of this. But to me, it has a very floral fragrance. It smells like chrysanthemum tea, which is something I grew up with in my childhood. So I feel like that's 50% of the reason why I love this product. But it's a toner for your skin that's slightly hydrating. It has a moisturizing feel to it. Now when I use this, I still feel the need to go in with my normal moisturizer. But this just adds that extra layer of hydration to lock into your skin. So I've been really enjoying this. It says this is what thirsty skin craves. It hydrates, softens, and refines the look of pores. And I really do feel like it does that. And it's formulated to help maintain the skin's moisture barrier. If you have dry skin or oily skin, I honestly think that this is great for both. Because for dry skin, it's a great additional step in the routine to add hydration. And then for oily skin, it's not something that's going to overwhelm the oiliness. Now I'm not a skincare expert, so take what I'm saying with a very big grain of salt. But I love the product. I love the scent. I love the way it makes my skin feel. I've been enjoying it a lot. It has found its way into my skincare routine for every day, which is pretty hard to do since my skin is so sensitive and reactive. I've been loving this. Okay, let's get up into the cosmetics. So I have a foundation that I've also been really enjoying. I've been talking about this recently. This is the Lancome Taun Edo Ultraware Care and Glow Foundation. If you have dry skin and you live in a humid climate, I think this foundation is really good. Or if you have oily skin, I think that this is very, very good. If you're severely dry, I don't think this is great for you. Now the reason that I say this is because this is a more dry foundation, but it does have a very subtle glow to it. So if you do have dry skin, the dryness of this product is definitely going to emphasize that. However, if you're like me where you have dry skin, but you are outside all the time, you're really sweaty, it's very hot, this is perfect. This is an extremely long wear foundation. And especially for your oily skin girls, I think you will really enjoy this. It's not a flat matte super drying finish, but it does emphasize some dryness if you have some there. But overall, if you're looking for a really nice, lightweight long wear foundation, this is great. It gives a medium coverage, not anything more. But it feels very thin and weightless on the skin, given the finish of this product. It's really beautiful. I have a whole demo on my, I think it's my Instagram and TikTok. I have a short using that now that is sponsored, but I also have a video where I do a demo on my YouTube channel as well where that's not sponsored. And this is not sponsored as well. Just like the Ingealist, I am really ecstatic that I was able to work on a campaign with them. For a product that is genuinely very, very good. There's a reason that I accepted that.  So that is what has me ecstatic. Now I have a cream bronzer next. This is actually an affordable cream bronzer for makeup revolution. It's the ultra cream bronzer. I have mine in the shade light. This has a very high quality feel to it. Now the one thing that I can kind of notice that makes it a little bit more drug store, I would say, as opposed to a high end formula is I feel like it really is very, very creamy. So I do think you will benefit from setting with a powder because it definitely does not have a cream to powder finish. It stays cream the entire day. I don't find that an issue when it comes to sweating or anything. I don't think it swims, but I just do think for a little added protection it's great to set with a powder. Nonetheless, the tone of this is so beautiful. The Amoliance is great in terms of blending out. And I think this is a really solid cream bronzer from the drug store at an affordable price point. So if you've been looking for a good cream bronzer, this makeup revolution one is a good one to go to. And I'm pretty picky about the stuff that I like for makeup revolution because I find them to be very hit and miss, more often miss than hit. This is definitely one of the few hits from the brand. Alrighty, and next up I have this powder from Sigma Beauty. This is the soft focus setting powder. Mine is in the shade vanilla bean. I am a huge powder girl even though I have dry skin. I honestly believe a good powder can completely transform this skin and blur over all of those problems and pores. And this is one that really does it. It's a very lightweight powder, but it is so blurring and it does kind of settle into the skin as the day goes on. So it doesn't remain as blurring as once you first apply it. But I find it looks even more skin like as the day goes on. And it just feels so feather light on the skin. I'm very impressed with the blurring power to this. It's really great applied with a damp sponge and really pushed and worked into the skin. And then you will literally see it combining one with the foundation that you're wearing. And it looks so thick and good. So if you're looking for a nice, lightweight blurring powder, this is really great. I would say it's not to the powers of my Maybelline Fit Me, but it is really up there. This is one of my new favorite powders. So it's very, very nice. Last product for complexion is from Kate Somerville. And I'm tentatively putting this in this video because there's a lot of cons to this product, but this is the Uncomplicated SPF Self-Focus Makeup Setting Spray. Now I'm going to start off with the cons because it's pretty bad. And I don't think a lot of you are going to like this because it's an aerosol spray cam.  Like it is very uncomfortable. You can't breathe. The scent is very, very offensive. If I'm being honest, like you can't breathe the air even after you spray it for a couple seconds. And it attaches to all of the hairs on your face that you don't even know exists and kind of creates a halo around the face. So yeah, it's pretty bad. But listen, listen, listen. After you spray it, take a sponge, push, push, push, push the product in. It will get that halo off. And then watch your skin transform. I'm telling you, this can make any dry matte complexion turn into a lively, healthy glow. This literally transforms the skin. It's very rare that I find a setting spray that actually like does something. This does it. I mean, not that my skin looked dry before, but as soon as I put this on and kind of push it in the skin, it had a glow, it had a more skin-like finish. With caution, I am recommending this. If you can't stay on fragrance, you don't like the idea of like gunna spraying your face with a hairspray, don't recommend this.  Like it literally makes your makeup look like skin. And there's SPF in it. So with caution, I recommend that. The next product that I have is for eyebrows. This is from Patrick Ta Beauty. This is the major brow defining pencil. My eyes are on Patrick Ta right now because I ordered my foundation in Powder Duo and I'm like waiting for it to come in. But I love this eyebrow pencil. I think it is so nice. It's a very, very nice thin point which really does allow for very natural hair-like strokes. It's just an ideal brow pencil for me. I don't know, it has a spoolie at the end. It's not too dry. It's not too creamy. It really is very precise. I prefer a very fine tip when it comes to my brow pencils. So it's just been everything that I need. I wouldn't say it stands out as a brow pencil in the market. But it's definitely up there in terms of having all the qualities that I like in a brow pencil. So I've been reaching for it a ton this month. Bringing me to the eyelashes that I'm wearing. So Lily Lashes came out with a collection of half lashes. So these are the dreamy lashes. And if you don't know what half lashes are, basically they're very short lashes. This is completely untrimmed. The lash starts here and it ends here. And the benefit that you get from it is that it elongates and lifts the eyes. So I have mine in the style dreamy, like I said. But there's multiple styles in the collection. They all look so beautiful. And I just think that these lashes are such high quality. I've reused these at least five times at this point. They're still ready to go for multiple uses afterwards. And you can also just get your full lash strip and cut it. But it's nice having it done for you. And I really wanted to mention this because during the Ulta 21 Days of Beauty sale, these are gonna be 50% off. So I totally will be recommending these to you. So don't buy these now. Keep an eye out on my community tab where I will let you know when these are 50% off because then it is really worth it. But look how pretty. It's not too dramatic, but it does kind of elongate the eyes. I think this is a gorgeous lash collection that they came out with. And then I'm onto eyeshadows already. There's two that I really enjoyed. The first one is from Huda Beauty. This is the Love Fest Palette. Didn't think this was gonna end up in my favorites, but honestly it is such a good quality palette. I always get excited when their nine pans are good quality because they can be inconsistent. And another con to this is this looks like a lot of other Huda Beauty palettes. If you check my original review on this, I give a couple alternatives, literally within the Huda Beauty line that are pretty much dupe for dupe, if not very, very close. So this color story's been done before, but I've been enjoying this little palette in of itself. I've been enjoying quality. I've been enjoying the looks that I've been getting with it. So even though it is doable within the Huda Beauty line, owning it individually and just using it as an individual palette, not comparing it to what is also in the line. It's a really nice palette. It is not a neutral palette, but it allows you to step outside of your comfort zone, but it still isn't too bright. You could make it bright or you could tone it down, but I love all of the textures in here. And like I said, quality is really great. So I've been enjoying this. And then the palette that I'm wearing on my eyes today is from an indie brand. I've used this palette four times now. Pretty sure I've used every color at this point. This is the Glamour Natrix Nearly Natural Palette. So this is an indie brand. In my oh my, what a gorgeous palette. So today I used, I started off with nothing to see in the crease. It's just a cool toned color. And then I used this robe in the outer corner and I blended that out to make it a very soft kind of wing style. I used stripped back, which is the only shade that I hadn't yet used on the center of my lid. And then kind of blended it to take over the whole lid. It is very pigmented, very reflective. And then since I do have on a pink shirt, I wanted some pink. So I took a little bit of Unveiled on my finger and put it in the inner corner. Honestly, it wasn't that easy to see on the eyelid after I applied it, but I did get this gorgeous look. So overall, this is a really great quality palette. I love the color story, 10 out of 10 on the color story. The only thing that I will warn you about is the mattes aren't the most pigmented, but they are buildable. So it's actually very beginner friendly. And some of the shades, they are so reflective with a lot of those reflects put in there that they aren't as different on the eyelid. So a lot of the shimmers, while as gorgeous as they are, they will look the same, but I'll tell ya. They're so gorgeous. I don't even care. I think this palette is stunning. If you do love neutral looks, I think you will enjoy this a lot. Highly recommend it, and you are going to be supporting an indie brand. They did send that to me in PR, but I'm in love with it. I think it's amazing. And I've been loving every single look that I've gotten with it so far. If you like that soft glam kind of look that I do, this palette's for you. And then the last makeup product that I have is from NYX. This is juice gloss in the shade Strawberry Flakes, though the shade doesn't matter. This is such a good gloss from the drugstore. So for one, it's kind of a novelty. It smells so good. It smells like very artificial strawberries, but in the most yummy way possible. And they have all these kind of fruit flavors. Now, it doesn't really matter what color you get, because they all kind of are pretty clear. It's just really about the scent that you want, but I love the scent so much that I want more. But the gloss itself, it's not very pigmented. It has the prettiest glossiness on the lips. It just smooths right over, and you find lines that you might have on the lips and gives your lips that very wet, slick look. Now, it's not the longest lasting, but I don't care because it's so hydrating, and I want to reapply it because of how good it smells. So this is such a yummy novelty gloss you can get from the drugstore. And it is beautiful. I love the finish of it. Do you see how wet it looks? Just smooths out the lips. It's amazing. And that's all I have for beauty. I do have a purse of the month, but I'm really sad because it is sold out, but this is the Coach Lucy Crossbody. And it's sold out within these past few days because I've been hoping that it wouldn't sell out because it's so cute and so versatile, but it has. So if you can go to your local Coach outlet, maybe see if they have it because that's where I picked it up. So I'm not going to go too much into it, but I have posted about this on my Instagram stories multiple times. So if you missed it, I'm sorry, but I've been wearing this so much. I've had to tell myself to stop wearing it because I have a lot of other handbags I need to wear, but it's just perfect for summer and it goes with every outfit. It does come with this strap. The strap goes to very short, which is really great for my petite body. It's a messenger-ish style bag with the canvas. I just think it looks so good. It's the perfect size to hold everything that I need. So this has been my go-to bag this month. I've also been really loving my Marc Jacobs tote bag. I almost put it in this video, but really the Lucy one. And of course, my Louis Vuitton Alma BB, but this is the number one for this month because of how much I used it. But anyways, you guys, those are all of the products that I have for today's video that I've been loving this month. I will have everything linked down below as well as other products that I'm wearing that I didn't feature in today's video. So yeah, thank you guys so much for liking this video and being subscribed to my channel. And I'll catch you guys in the next one. I guys have a good one.


Hey, this is Dr. Thomas See and we're so ready to go get that sample. I have to tell you this is a first for all of NASA to really go actually pick up a sample at a celestial body like an asteroid or in general. And we have been waiting for that. The team has been preparing for it and we're ready to go do this. It's a historic first for all of us. We look forward to it. This time capsule that's out there from which we try to steal a sample and bring it back to Earth to the best labs we have in all of humanity. That time capsule has been out there and has the mysteries and answers to the questions about the beginning of the solar systems. As we bring that sample back with it come answers to questions that we've had for many, many decades. And I just want to say how grateful I am to the team that got us that far. And through this, the team persevered a lot of issues both technically but also with COVID. Thanks team.


I want to spend a few minutes talking about discrepancies in the Christian scriptures. A bit of background for those of you not familiar with the Christian scriptures or what Christians call the New Testament. The first four books of the Christian scriptures, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, are collectively known as the Gospels. It's these four books that contain the narratives of the birth, life, and death of Jesus. In my discussions with born-again evangelical missionaries about the Christian scriptures, I often point out the many discrepancies, inconsistencies, and contradictions in the Gospel accounts of the crucifixion, burial, and alleged resurrection of Jesus. According to Christianity, the story goes something like this. Jesus was executed during the day on a Friday, and his body was placed in a tomb before sunset. Early the following Sunday morning, a woman named Mary went to the tomb for the purposes of anointing Jesus' body. When Mary gets there, the tomb is empty. She runs to tell the disciples, the followers of Jesus, about what happened. The risen Jesus then appears to them and announces that he has come back from the grave. This is the general story that most Christians know. However, let's examine these accounts a bit more closely, because there are some inconsistencies in the Gospel accounts, discrepancies that are very troubling. When you consider that born-again Christian, staunchly consider the New Testament to be the inerrant Word of God. Who actually goes to the tomb? Well, it depends. In the book of Matthew, it is two women, Mary Magdalene and another woman named Mary.  In Luke, it's many women.  In the book of John, it is Mary Magdalene alone. Whom do these women see? Again, it depends. In Matthew, they see an angel sitting outside the tomb. In Mark, they see a young man sitting inside the tomb. In Luke, they see two men standing inside the tomb, and according to the book of John, there's no mention of Mary seeing anyone at all. What happens then? Are you beginning to see a pattern here? In Matthew's account, the angel sitting outside the tomb announces that Jesus has risen from the dead and that Jesus' disciples are to meet him in Galilee. While Mark states, it's the young man sitting inside the tomb who says that. In Luke, the two men standing in the tomb say that Jesus has risen. In John, nothing happens at the empty tomb when Mary is first there. What happens after that? Well, we can't be certain because Matthew testifies that the two Mary's run with great joy to tell the disciples. Contrast this with Mark's account that the women leave troubled and in fear, and at first they don't tell anyone. In Luke, the women go tell the disciples. In John, Mary goes and tells Peter and the other disciples that someone has taken Jesus' body. To whom does Jesus first appear? It depends. In Matthew, Jesus appears to the two Mary's on the road as they are going to tell the disciples they are overjoyed. Jesus tells them to have the disciples meet him in Galilee. In Mark, Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene. He later appears in a different form to two of his disciples out in the country. In Luke, Jesus first appears to the two disciples while they are on their way to the village of Amas. They do not recognize Jesus. Eventually, they do recognize Jesus, but he vanishes. Later, Jesus appears to the rest of the disciples. In John, Jesus appears to a grief-stricken Mary Magdalene, weeping at the tomb after the disciples have come and gone. She doesn't recognize him. She thinks it's the gardener. Where do Jesus and the disciples meet? It depends. In Matthew, they meet in Galilee. In Luke, they meet in Jerusalem. What do Christians say about these inconsistencies? Most Christians will say there are no conflicts. There are no contradictions. There are no discrepancies. There only appear to be conflicts. And it's at this point that the Christian usually gives the witnesses to a traffic accident analogy, and it goes something like this. There's a traffic accident at an intersection. There are four witnesses, one on each corner. Because of their different perspectives, they each have a slightly different view of the accident. The witness accounts don't actually conflict with each other, they say, because the witnesses are merely recording what they see from their individual perspective. Now, that explanation may be all well and good for some aspects of the story, but doesn't hold up for other discrepancies. I'm talking about major contradictions. Stories so different, they cannot simply be a matter of viewpoint. I'll give you two examples of what I mean by a major contradiction. One example in Matthew. Jesus appears to a joy-filled Mary on the road as she's on her way to tell the disciples that the tomb is empty. Mary is so overjoyed and runs to tell the disciples what just happened. In John, however, when she gets to the disciples, she tells them someone has taken Jesus's body. Afterwards, when Mary returns to the tomb with the disciples, she's weeping. She's heartbroken. She's freaking out. Why? Because the tomb is empty, Jesus's body is missing and she does not know what happened to Jesus's body. She doesn't know what happened to Jesus's body. How can that be? According to Matthew, Mary already knows what happens because Jesus himself told her before she even got to the disciples in the first place. It's one story or the other. Either the angel told Mary when she first arrived at the tomb and later Jesus himself tells her that he has risen from the dead. Therefore, she knew he was alive or the angel and Jesus did not tell her. And that's why she told the disciples that someone had taken Jesus's body. And that's why she was weeping at the tomb because she didn't know what happened to the body. It's one set of circumstances or the other. Either Mary knew Jesus was alive when she went to tell the disciples or she didn't know when she met the disciples and still didn't know when she returned with the disciples. These two contradictory accounts cannot both be true. Put yourself in the position of a judge in a court of law where he's trying to determine the facts of a traffic accident. One witness says he sees the driver's best friend at the scene of the accident right after it happens. And the best friend is overjoyed because her friend, the driver, walked away from the accident without a scratch. Another witness says that half an hour after the accident when the ambulance arrives, this same friend is crying and upset because she doesn't know if her friend is alive or dead. It's one or the other. They cannot both be true. One more example. According to the the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, Jesus was crucified on the first day of Passover, the last supper being a Passover Seder. In John, however, Jesus is executed on the day before Passover. This is not a matter of two people seeing things from a different viewpoint. It's either on one day or the other, continuing with the traffic accident analogy. Imagine that you were a judge or a member of the jury sitting in a court and three witnesses testify that the accident occurred at noon on New Year's Day. But the other witness swears under oath that it happened at noon on New Year's Eve. They cannot both be true. As the one who has to determine the facts of the case, how do you know for certain what happened? Whom do you believe? Can you come to a definite conclusion as to what occurred? Christians are in denial when it comes to these major contradictions. We as Jews, however, are left with a question of how to deal with conflicting and contradictory evidence. Let's go a little further with the traffic accident analogy and put ourselves in the place of jury members trying to figure out the facts of the trial where there are discrepancies and contradictions in the evidence. Before we begin, I'll remind you of an important verse from the Bible's book of Proverbs. The first person to speak in court sounds right until he is cross-examined. Let's keep this in mind as we proceed. A witness testifies under oath. He promises to tell the truth. Sometimes during cross-examination, the lawyer for the other side catches the witness in inconsistencies and contradictions that lawyer then pokes holes in the witness's story. How does a jury deal with a situation where there are inconsistencies and contradictions in the evidence? Is the witness reliable? Is the witness lying? Is she wrong? How do you handle such a case? What do you do? Act trial. The judge will instruct the jury with respect to contradictions and witnesses testimony as follows. You have three choices. One, you can accept all the evidence. Two, you can pick and choose around the problem area, accepting the evidence you trust and rejecting the rest. Or three, you can reject all of the evidence. In Canada, coffee shops are virtually everywhere. They're practically a national institution.  One of the first things most people do is break open the top of the muffin.  And it's in the middle of your muffin. It's part of the muffin. It didn't just crawl up there a second ago. It's baked into the muffin. What do you do? Well, you have three choices. One, you can eat the whole muffin. Two, you can pick and choose around the problem area, eating the parts of the muffin you like and rejecting the rest. Or three, you can reject it all and send the whole muffin back. So now let's go back to the traffic accident scenario. You can stay to me wait a minute. There are four witnesses. Why don't we just believe some and not the others? Why can't we say, for example, that we will believe the Synoptic Gospels Matthew, Mark and Luke, but reject the Gospel of John? After all, it was written like 70 or so years after Jesus' death. What's the problem with that? That's an interesting question and one that takes us to a deeper and more highly important point. While we've been speaking up until now, in terms of four witnesses to the incident, it's absolutely vital to remember that to the Christian, there are not really four witnesses. To the born again evangelical fundamentalist Christian, there is only one witness. Why? Because to the Bible believe in the Christian, every word of the Gospels, regardless of the supposed author is in fact the inerrant word of God. To the Christian, it's not four witnesses giving the testimony. It's one witness. It's God himself who they say is giving the testimony through four different people. So for our purposes, we're not dealing with inconsistencies and contradictions among four different people anymore. We're dealing with inconsistencies and contradictions from the same source, the same witness. We're not picking and choosing between four different muffins as a word. It's the same muffin. A witnesses who says ABC during one part of the testimony, secondly says XYZ and gives evidence that contradicts his own previous testimony. What do we do with this evidence? The inconsistencies and contradictions we've pointed out the irreconcilable differences in dates and the inexplicable inconsistency in speech and behavior from one account to the other. That's the cockroach in the gospel muffin. That's the muffin that the Christian is offering us. That's what the Christian wants us to swallow. I suggest that you do the only sensible thing in such a situation and reject it all.


It is therefore now time for member statements and I recognize a member from Scarborough Southwest. I can't read lips that's right but it makes it top doesn't it? Please the member from Scarborough Southwest. Mr. Speaker most of the vaccine clinics which are meant to be immunizing those who are facing the highest risk in our province are only running during business hours from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. or 11 to 8 p.m. The hotline set up for registration are also only running between these are working hours and the online registration well that's a complete mess. The government has turned something as simple as securing a vaccination appointment into an unnecessarily stressful situation Mr. Speaker and not only do we not have enough available appointments these limited hours are making it difficult for essential workers the very people who are meant to be prioritized and protected to find a time to get their vaccines. Large cities like London and New York are running 24-hour vaccination clinics to ensure they can vaccinate as many people as possible. Advocates across the province especially in the hardest hit communities across the GTA have been telling us that pivoting to a 24-hour vaccination program is essential for an equitable and an effective vaccine rollout. Healthcare workers across this province have risen to the occasion to vaccinate our communities and this will be no different. People in communities like mine in Scarborough Southwest work multiple jobs work odd shifts and simply cannot accommodate some of these hours. I'm proposing that the Minister of Health set up a 24-hour vaccine clinic across this province especially in hard-hit communities along with equitable distribution of vaccine so that anyone who needs to get vaccinated in our province can get vaccinated without any barriers. Thank you Mr. Speaker. Member statements the member for Kitchener Conestoga. Well thank you very much speaker and we are in the middle of one of the sweetest times of year here in the province of Ontario and that is maple syrup season. I have the honour of representing the riding which you'll know very well speaker that hosts the largest maple syrup festival in the world the Elmira Maple syrup festival. Traditionally this past weekend we would have seen tens of thousands of people come to downtown Elmira to celebrate and support local producers in my riding and across Ontario and for a great cause too speaker. All of the proceeds raised go back to the community through donations to local charities and nonprofits. Over 1.6 million dollars has been raised over the past 56 years and in particular Elmira district community living receives a significant portion of these donations which goes to supporting their work with adults with developmental disabilities. Unfortunately last year for the first time in the festival's history it was cancelled and this year we were not able to get together in person Mr. Speaker but thanks to the hard work of the volunteers and organizers my family and I were able to enjoy a wide range of virtual activities from the comfort of our home like the maple taffy demonstration and sugar brush tour. While COVID-19 may be keeping us apart community spirit is still alive and well in Kitchener Conestoga and I'm so pleased that our traditions continue to live on albeit a little bit differently. With Ontario moving full steam ahead on the vaccine front and pending any further supply delays from the federal government I am very hopeful that next year it will be safe for all of us to get together on Arthur Street in Elmira for this special event. The next member statement the member from Michigawa James Bay. Today I'm pleased to be here to talk about the city of Capscasing. It sits on the 3D9 traditional territories of Michigawa Creek. The history of the town of Capscasing began in the early 1900s with the opening of the lands of Transcontinental Railway. After that period the first paper mill in Dam are built and with the expected population boomed the provincial government commissioned the project of the planning of the town. So Capscasing is the first provincially planned town with an idea of promote healthy living, environmental and architectural harmony. Truly Capscasing owes its designation as Garden City and the model town of the north. Of course forestry is also very present. Capscasing's history started in the 1930s purchasing spruce for power and paper by the workers in the community. There is a large Francophone community. There's a lot of arts as well. It may have forced Capscasing to celebrate virtually but it didn't take away our identity, our history and our future. Happy birthday, Bosan Capscasing. Thank you very much. Member statements, the member for Perth Wellington. Thank you speaker. Local small and medium-sized business are the backbone of our economy. This is true in every community I represent. They are employers, they are contributors and we cannot succeed without them yet they paid a high price during this pandemic many times over. Despite our government's unprecedented support programs, many businesses have not survived and many more are at risk unless conditions soon improve. Last week I received letters from members of the Stratford City Centre BIA. They raised many concerns. The immense challenge of planning around lockdowns and the costs they impose, the physical and mental health effects of trying to keep businesses afloat, retaining staff and maintaining their confidence in paying the bills without income. That's just to name a few. These challenges are not unique to businesses in Perth Wellington. They are the daily reality for businesses across the province and beyond. Our government is responding with support programs like the Ontario Small Business Support Grant and soon the Ontario Tourism and Hospitality Small Business Support Grant. I was very pleased that the government heard our call to support accommodation providers, travel agencies and others but we also know that businesses that business operators just want to do what they do best. They want to run their businesses. No support program can replace that nor can it replace what has been lost. I will continue speaking for local businesses at every opportunity. Their success matters to me every single one in every single community. We cannot do without them. Thank you. Thank you. Member statements. The member for York Southwest. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I rise in the house this morning to speak to the situation in York Southwest regarding a vaccine for our community. York Southwest is designated hotspot and one of high risk. It is home to many hard working essential workers, seniors who should not be neglected by this government's covered response. Very much like when we had to wait until September 28 for a permanent testing facility. We are now waiting for a permanent vaccine facility. Our residents need access to the vaccine and that is why we didn't wait for the government to act and we teamed up with Humber River Hospital to help organize, register and distribute vaccine to seniors, buildings, places of worship and Toronto Community Housing. I would like to thank Bob Collins and Ruben Rodriguez from Humber River Hospital for their community for their community leadership and for allowing us to assist them in their creative endeavors to deliver vaccines. We would like to continue with those efforts but the government needs to increase their vaccine supply. I urge the government to deliver more vaccines and as well to finally establish a permanent vaccine facility that is badly needed by our community. Mr. Speaker, thank you for your time. Thank you very much. Member statements? Member for Perry Salma Skolka. Thank you Mr. Speaker. I rise today to pay tribute to his Royal Highness Prince Philip the Duke of Edinburgh. Beyond being a great support to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, Prince Philip made many contributions to Ontario, Canada and the world through his 99 years. Before marrying the Queen, Prince Philip served in the Second World War with the Royal Navy. Over the course of his life, Prince Philip was associated with 992 organizations all over the world. He was most interested in science and technology, the welfare of young people, education, the environment, conservation and sports. Prince Philip leaves behind a legacy of outstanding service to society that reaches around the globe, especially through his Duke of Edinburgh awards and an international program founded in 1956 that encourages youth to develop their highest potential in all areas of life. On June 5th, 1985, during one of Prince Philip's, I believe, 38 visits to Ontario, he presented the Duke of Edinburgh Goard Awards to 100 young Canadians right here in the legislature. I wasn't one of those award winners, but the next day I was honored to meet Prince Philip during a dinner at Ontario Place, which was hosted by my father, Premier, at the time. On behalf of the people of Perry, I want to express our condolences to Her Majesty, the Queen and to all of the Royal Family. Prince Philip will be remembered fondly by people whose lives he touched here in Ontario and around the world. Thank you. Thank you so much, Speaker. And today I'd like to extend my best wishes to all of those celebrating the Holy Month of Ramadan in my writing of Toronto Centre. Ramadan is a time to reflect and worship, to connect with loved ones and to extend generosity and kindness to those in need. This is now the second Ramadan since the pandemic has started. This year it may feel especially difficult, once again, as communities will not be able to come together and celebrate in person at iftar, at prayers, and at community events. It's been inspiring though to see that the local mosques and the Muslim community organizations in my writing have still found ways to celebrate and give back even under these difficult circumstances. I want to thank our local Muslim community for your dedication and your compassion for those in need during Ramadan and all year long. Your support is especially appreciated this year. So many people in our community are experiencing so much hardship and so much loss. Speaker, I'd like to recognize Muslim Welfare Canada for their incredible work providing Regent Park Lunch Service to folks experiencing isolation and food insecurity. And I also want to recognize the Regent Park Islamic Resource Centre for their advocacy and commitments to collaboration and knowledge sharing. And I, last day, I'd like to thank all of the mosques in my writing in Toronto Centre for being really a cornerstone cornerstone in our community when people are feeling so isolated and so alone. So I sincerely hope that we can all come together next year. And to everyone in my community, I hope you have a peaceful and fulfilling Ramadan. Ramadan Mubarak, Mubarak. Member statements? Member for Sarnia Lampton. Thank you, Speaker. And it's an honour to rise today and inform everyone in the legislature and in Lampton County that there continues to be significant shipments of vaccine arriving on a weekly basis in Lampton County. I encourage everyone that is eligible to get their shot when their turn comes. This week, Lampton Public Health will receive an additional 7,500 doses of vaccine to use at their mass vaccination clinics and pop up clinics around the county. On average, over 1,000 people per day will be able to receive a vaccine through Lampton Public Health, thanks to their dedicated staff and efficient vaccine clinics. Moreover, on Sunday, I was able to announce that two additional pharmacies in Lampton County will begin registering eligible individuals and administering vaccines this week. That brings the total number of pharmacies in our community with the vaccine to five. Thousands of vaccines have been made available through the vaccine, through the pharmacies to date. They are delivered to a different supply chain and are not counted in Lampton Public Health's impressive vaccination numbers. When it comes to vaccines, the situation in Lampton County really is a positive and hopeful one. Lampton Public Health alone has administered over 30,000 doses of the vaccine to date, accounting for over 30% of the eligible individuals in Lampton County. Real progress is being made, Speaker. The way out of this pandemic is vaccines. As a province, we are leading the country at getting them in arms. I encourage everyone in Lampton County and across this province to stay tuned for more good news on vaccine supply. And as I said earlier, when your turn comes, get your shot. Thank you. Okay. Member for York Center. Thank you, Speaker. Almost three years ago, I rose in this house for my inaugural address and spoke about Canadian kindness. I believe then and I believe now that Canada is the best country in the world. And why? Because of Canadians. So kind, so gracious, so charitable. People from coast to coast, loving, respecting and caring for each other because kindness is Canadian. But, Speaker, I'm so fearful of this COVID dogma. COVID is a risky infection to some folks and we need to protect them. But this radical obsession with COVID protocols that make ordinary people, mistreat other people, is putting Canadian kindness in jeopardy.  In autocratic regimes, people don't show kindness to each other. Thugs bully people into compliance on the street. Teachers tell on children. Neighbors snitch on neighbors. Nonconformity to state edicts result in exclusion, hate and prejudice. It's unthinkable. It's evil and it's most certainly un-Canadian. So plead with all the members of this house and anyone watching. Please stop the COVID bullying. Please try to love thy neighbour again. Please remember Canadian compassion, tolerance and accommodation. Please don't be mean to people in store or in transit. Please recall what makes us Canadian and bring back the foundation for everything that's so wonderful about our country. Please try to be nice and compassionate with each other. Please bring back Canadian kindness. Thank you. The next statement, the member for Eglinton Lawrence. Thank you, Speaker. Today I rise to mark the 150th anniversary of the proclamation of the Bank Act of 1871. The act laid the groundwork for Canada to have a safe, sound, stable banking system, one that is highly regarded by global financial institutions and bodies like the IMF and the World Bank. According to Joseph E. Martin, a business historian who is also my husband's father, the Bank Act was one of, or arguably the greatest single accomplishment of our first Prime Minister, Sir John A. McDonald, other than Confederation itself, of course. Had an earlier proposed Bank Act passed from 1869, it would have given the Bank of Montreal the status of the Bank of England in the UK, thereby reducing Ontario banks to local county banks without branches. But at around that time, two banks in Ontario had folded and Ontario MPs were concerned about future banking stability. The 1871 Bank Act created a national branch banking system based on the ideas of Alexander Hamilton, founding father and first secretary of the US Treasury. McDonald had studied Hamilton's ideas and saw the wisdom of a strong central government and a national banking system. I believe there are many important things we can learn from studying our history. Although Sir John A. McDonald was undoubtedly a man of his times, we should celebrate not just his role in founding this country, but also his role in founding our sound financial system through the passage of the 1871 Bank Act, which is so important to our strong and vital economy, which we will surely need post COVID-19. Thank you very much. That concludes our member statements for this morning.


J-E-S-L-L-O! The Jell-O program starring Jack Benny with Mary Livingston, Phil Harris, Dennis Day and yours truly, Don Wilson. The orchestra opens a program with, The Sun Will Be Up in the Morning. Today, ladies and gentlemen, the word Jell-O means more than it ever did before. Today it not only stands for Jell-O, America's favorite gelatin dessert, it also means Jell-O puddings, those three swell, ready prepared puddings that have now been added to the popular Jell-O family. Both Jell-O and Jell-O puddings are unsurpassed for rich, tempting flavor. Both are easy and inexpensive to serve and delightfully good. And both bear that famous name Jell-O, a name that stands for tops in quality, a name that spells extra enjoyment and complete satisfaction. As you know, Jell-O is a trademark, the property of general foods. So be sure to mention it whenever you ask the grocer for Jell-O puddings or any of Jell-O's six delicious flavors, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, orange, lemon or lime. And by the way, if you haven't enjoyed strawberry or raspberry Jell-O recently, do so real soon, because now they taste better than ever. Each has a new improved flavor obtained by using a natural flavor base artificially enhanced. And that's what gives those two popular flavors that rich, distinctive Jell-O goodness, the goodness that made Jell-O, America's favorite gelatin dessert, played by the orchestra. And now, ladies and gentlemen, just being the hottest week of the year in Southern California, we bring you a man who can hardly stand it in his long underwear, Jack Benny. Thank you. Mm, itches. Jell-O, again, this is Jack Benny talking. And, Don, let me tell you about my underwear. I don't care what the thermometer says, I'm strictly a calendar man. When the Swallows return to Capistrano, my longies come back to me. But you're right, Don, it has been a terribly hot week. Why, in the valley where I live, it was sweltering. Well, everybody's been complaining about the heat in Beverly Hills, too. Although, when I woke up yesterday morning, there was a little red man with a tail and a pitchfork sitting at the foot of my bed. And he said, this is nothing, buddy. I didn't like him calling me buddy. Anyway, this has really been torrid weather. Well, Jack, the only thing to do when it's like this is just sit back and take it easy. Take it easy? Why, Don, this is the busiest week I've ever had. And you know what my schedule was today, don't you? No, what? Well, at four o'clock, I did our first Jell-O broadcast. Then I had to rush over and do the ScreenGill program, then home to dinner, then back here to do this repeat Jell-O show. And immediately afterwards, I've got to do the second program for the Gill. My goodness. And at 11 o'clock, I've got to emcee the opening of that new chili bowl in Tarzana. I tell you, Don, if it wasn't for vitamin B1 and the cigarettes Phil's drummer gives me, I doubt that I'd be able to carry on. Really, Don, if it... I'm not kidding that vitamin B1 sure helps. Vitamin B1 will do those pills really help you, Jack. Oh, they're marvelous and how they pep you up. Why, Don, you remember how I used to walk in my sleep night after night? I sure do. Well, now I run like a deer.  Oh, hello, Mary. Pills to go to sleep, pills to wake up, vitamin B, vitamin D, throat gargle, cough syrup. All right. Your bathroom looks like a sale at Sontag. Now, wait a minute, Mary, all the stuff I've got in my medicine chest I have good use for. Oh, sure. Why, Don, he's got everything from corn plasters to two-sake drops. Well, what's wrong with that? Your teeth will never ache again, brother.  And why is it you never let people slap you on the back? Because I'm tender, that's why. To hear you talk, you'd think I would... Oh, hello, Phil. Hiya, Jackson. Boy, have I got a whip for you. I'll bet.  I made it up myself. What's the...  All right, get to it. What's a twack? A twack? I don't know, Phil. What's a twack? It's something a twain wants on. I'm hotter in the weather tonight, folks. It's too hot for that kind of stuff. That's what you mean. Hey, Jackson, wasn't that a scorcher this week, though? Sure was. When Beverly Hills, it was just like an oven. You live close to Santa Monica. Why didn't you get out the beach? Oh, I was too busy. Yeah, Jack had to stay home and take care of his lemonade stand. It's not my lemonade stand. A couple of children came to the door and asked if they could sell lemonade on my front lawn. What do you expect me to do, turn those little kids down? No, but you didn't have to make them sign a 99-year lease. Oh, quiet. Now, Mary, I've got a very tough schedule today with all my broadcasts, so don't annoy me. Oh, that's right, Jackson. I read where you're doing the screengill show today, too. Kind of a tough grind, ain't it? You said it. It wasn't for vitamin B1. Don't listen to him, Phil. He's got a pill for everything and all kinds of medicine. All right. Jack thinks there's always something to matter with him. Oh, a hypodermiac, eh? Hypodermiac? That's hypocondriac, and I'm nothing of the kind. I just believe in taking precautions. I go to a doctor twice a month for a checkup, whether I feel bad or not. Well, that's the silliest thing I ever heard of. Oh, yeah? Now, take me. I've never been to a doctor in my life. Well, don't go, brother. You've got a shock coming. No kidding, Phil. No, Phil, really, did you ever take a good look at yourself in a mirror? Yes, and I'm gorgeous. Well, I should have had my head examined for asking that one. Yes. What? Here comes anemic on the outside. Oh, yes. Hello, Dennis. How do you feel? I'm fine, thank you. See, Mr. Benny. Have you heard this when it's going around? What's a twack? Oh, you too, eh? All right, Dennis, what's a twack? Mr. Harris won't tell me. Must be risque. Well, he told me that bright answer. So for your information, Dennis, a twack is something a train runs on. That's twain, twain. You root my gag. All right, Phil, I roomed it. I'm sorry. Say, Dennis, I meant to, uh, Dennis, I meant to ask you. You didn't forget to go down and register last Wednesday, did you? No, I was there, but I don't get it, Mr. Benny. What's it for? What's it for? Dennis, you signed up for conscription on a national emergency. If you're drafted, you get a year's training, your room and board, and $21 a month. $21 a month? Yes, sir. I'll take it up with my manager. Your manager has nothing to do with this. Say, Phil, you registered, didn't you? Yeah, and so did all the boys with my band. That's swell. That is, uh, everybody but my guitar player. Oh. Why, is he over 35? No, he made up that joke about the twack.  Say, uh, Dennis. Yes, please? We're about ready for a song. Have you got something nice prepared for us? Yeah, I'm going to sing Tweedwind. That's Tweedwind. Stay away from Harris. Sing, kid. Phil, why don't you buy a new joke book? We follow you. It was Tweedwind sung by Dennis Day. And Dennis, that was to Whippy. Thank you. Your voice positively fuelled me. All right, Don.  Don, Don, Dennis's voice positively fuelled me. OK. Ladies and gentlemen, the next time you won to your neighborhood woeser, be sure to ask him for a package of tempting and appetizing jaw wall. Yeah, well, that's right. It is not only economical and easy to make, but comes in 60 wishes favors. Swing it, kid. So always look for the big wet letters on the box. They spell jaw wall, J-E-Y-Y-O. There. Darn you, Jack Benny. Now, now, Don, that was a real cute idea of mine. And I'll tell you one thing. Any time you get a novelty and you don't take advantage of it, answer the phone, Mary. OK. And you don't take advantage of it, you're silly. Hello? Yes? Yes, Mr. Sandridge, he's right here. For you, Jack, Mark Sandridge is Paramount. Oh, my director, having a little more trouble with him. Hello? Yes, Mr. Sandridge. Well, now, look, we've been all through that before, and I don't want to be stubborn. But my name has got to be first on the screen. I don't care what that worm said. He's in New York, and I'm here. Take care of the local boy. Now, look, Mr. Sandridge, that's my ultimatum. So think it over. Goodbye. What's the matter, Jack? Oh, it's that picture I just finished with Fred Allen. Allen wants his name first. Quite a ham, huh? Quite a ham. Don, you don't know what that guy, Allen, went through to try and be better than I am in the picture. Why, he studied his lines all night long. He hired four or five extra writers. He took dramatic lessons. Why, he even bribed the cameraman to try and make him look better than me on the screen. And for what? A lot of good it did him. Yeah, he thinks he's going to steal that picture from Rochester. He's nuts. I'm not going to steal it from anybody. You know what burns me up? I give the best years of my life to Paramount. Incidentally, Jack, I do the Maxwell House program with Mary Martin.  Oh, well, Mary is an awfully sweet girl, and she's well to work with. Thanks. I don't mean you. I'm talking about Mary Martin. You know, she's from Weatherford, Texas. Are you acquainted with Miss Martinfield? Jackson, there ain't a gal in, from, or passing through that state. I don't know. The only one you know is Galveston Gertie. Always bragging. Say, Mr. Benny, I've never been in Texas. Are the girls really so beautiful down there? Yes, they are, Dennis, and there are thousands of them. Each one prettier than the other. Then why do cowboys always sing such lonesome songs? They're trying to fool us, Dennis. They don't want any competition. But getting back to Mary Martin, I really made an impression on that girl. Why, do you know in the picture, she sings a chorus of my heart belongs to daddy, and she sings it right to me? See, I love that part where she looks at me and goes, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da. She hates to say it, huh? Go on, she loves it. Well, anyway, you'll see it on the screen. Say, Phil, I don't want to give any way any more of the plot. So how about ripping through a band number in your own inimitable thank-heaven style? OK, Jackson, we're going to play a song. Who cares? Play, play. Wait a minute. Come in. Mr. Benny? Yes? I listened to your program last Sunday, and I resent all the slurs cast upon my name. Slurs? Who are you? Pure Isle J. Bano. Goodbye. I bet I know what that J stands for. Play, Phil, because the world is in my arms played by Phil Harris and his gypsy orchestra. Gypsy meaning, if he calls that an orchestra, it's a gypsy. That's almost as bad as the twain on the twack, isn't it, Phil? Bad's nothing. That's a lulu. Oh, fine. How much you offered that gag, Jackson? Oh, Phil, I couldn't sell it. I could. I said sell.  Are you directing it? No, Ernst Lubitsch will be there, but I'm doing a dramatic play with Claudette Colbert, Basil Rathbone, and Edward Arnold. You're in pretty fast company, ain't you, Joe? Tune in, Moe, and you'll find out. Well, I'm going to run along, Don. Rochester's waiting downstairs for me in the Maxwell. The Maxwell? I thought you traded that car in last week. Well, I intended to, Phil, but I decided to wait. Tell them what really happened. Never mind. Oh, is it, Mary? Well? Look, I'm very busy.  Goodbye. So long, Jack. Gee, that guy's burned up. What happened, Mary? Well, it was this way. I was over to Jack's house last Monday, and I finally persuaded him to trade in the Maxwell. Uh-huh. Well, anyway, after a long argument, we got in the car and started toward Hollywood. And all the way over to... Rochester, take it easy. OK, boys.  Now, don't back out. Say, Jack, what kind of allowance do you think I'll give you on the Maxwell? Well, if I can get $700, really, I'll be happy. $700? Yes, this car's got a lot of extras on it. Seat covers, radio, cigarette lighter. Don't forget the angle. We ain't got no brakes. The brakes are all right. Hey, what a rattle trap. It's not a rattle trap. Miss Livingston's right, boys.  Your socks. All right, our socks. That's more like it, and stay out of them. One of the new models are you going to look at? Oh, I don't know, Mary. I can't make up my mind whether to get a Rio or a Chandler. A Rio or a Chandler? Yes. Say, Jack, did you read the news? What news? Queen Isabella's that way about Columbus. Now, cut that out. Don't be funny. Why, Jack, they haven't made a Rio or a Chandler in years. They haven't. I told them that till I was black in the face. I'll find a good car. Now, Rochester, turn down here on Hollywood Boulevard. We'll come to automobile road. OK. Now what? I should have stopped there. Well, you're just lucky that a policeman that. Oh, fine. Stop the car, Rochester. I knew this would happen. Is that a policeman coming toward us? It ain't a nusher from the Pantages. Now, let me do the talking, Rochester. What can you say without your rider? I'll get by, don't worry. Oh, good morning, officer. Hey, don't you know it's against the law to turn left in a red light? Yes.  But officer, I came to Hollywood to trade in my car. This car? Yes. Well, you haven't got a minute to lose. Drive on, buddy. Thanks. Go ahead, Rochester. Got a good mind to go back and tell that cop a thing or two. Now, Rochester, there's the Packard Agency over on your left. Well, we can go right by there. Now, wait a minute. Pull into the service entrance. Well, boss, are you thinking about buying a new Packard? I certainly am. There's vitamin D for you. It's not the pills. I just feel like buying a Packard. Stop the car. Come on, Mary, you too, Rochester. I want you to help me pick one out and get a good trade. OK. Rochester, put that door back on. Quick, quick, before the man comes. Quick, quick, quick. Come on, let's go in the showroom. Wow, look at these beautiful new cars. Good morning. Good morning, sir. I'm in the market for a car. Payton, Payton, or Schmayeton? Well, I'm really interested in a convertible coupe. I see. Right over here is our 1941 model. It has the automatic top. Oh, yes. You just press a button, and the top goes up and down. Well. What are you laughing at? Your top does that without a button. Oh, God. Now, mister, I'm very much interested in the convertible. That is, if we can get together on a trade. I see. Well, what year car are you driving now? Is it a 1940? No. 1939? No. 1938? No. 1937? I'm going out to eat. This will take all day. Rochester, as a matter of fact, mister, it's a 1921 Maxwell. I beg your pardon? I said it's a Maxwell. Is that a Swiss movement? No, it's a Maxwell car, and it's an excellent condition. Well, I'll have to have it appraised. Oh, Mr. Vandermeer. Yeah, Mr. Collins. Will you go outside and appraise this gentleman's car? It's a Maxwell. You can't miss it. It says, beat me, daddy, ate to the bar. Now please, I'm in a hurry. OK, OK. The car is really in swell shape, Mr. Collins. It's always been chauffeur driven. What's the mileage on it? Well, the speedometer says 12,000 miles. You can't go by that, boys, when the speedometer reads 50, we're going 30 miles an hour. Rochester. And when it reads 60, it's half past two. Rochester, this is no time to be flippin'. Well, Mr. Collins, how much will this Packard cost me? Well, of course, that depends on how much we can allow you on your old car. Here comes Mr. Vandermeer now. Good. Oh, Mr. Vandermeer, did you look over this gentleman's car? Yes, sir. Well, what do you think? I didn't like it. Now, wait a minute. Don't be too hasty. Did you crawl under my car and take a good look? Not me. I've got a wife and kids. Not so dangerous. Now, Mr. Collins, I think my Maxwell is worth $700. And he doesn't drink. Quiet.  Well, the best I can possibly offer you on such an old car is $40. $40. Now, Jack, don't argue about it. You're getting a break, believe me. Well, what do you think, Rochester? Is $40 fair? Boss, that's fair. Just unbiased liberal generals and hand me a dictionary. Oh, all right. I'll get my checkbook. How much do I owe you, Mr. Collins? Let me see. With all the standard accessories, unless you're a $40 allowance, that comes to $1,450. $1,450, eh? OK, I'll make out the check. Packard Motor Company, $1,400. Hey, what will I do with the old Maxwell, Mr. Collins? Nothing you can do. Just take it out and junk it. And 50, junk it. What did you say about the Maxwell, Mr. Collins? I said we'll have to junk it. Now, wait a minute, Mr. Collins. That car's got a lot of life in it yet. Oh, make out the check, Jack. Mary, you can't take that little old Maxwell out and junk it. Just throw it on a pile of old scrap metal? Oh, Jack. No, no, he can't do it. Now, Mr. Benny, I didn't mean to. I don't care what you meant, Mr. Collins. I heard you tell that man to junk my car. Well, I won't stand for it. You hear? I won't stand for it. What are you going to do, boss? We're getting in that Maxwell, Rochester, and we're going home. I'm sorry, Mr. Collins. The deal is off. Come on, Mary. Junk my little Maxwell. Must have been mad to even think a party with it. Get in the car, Mary. OK. All right, Rochester, let's go. Yes, boss. Oh, boy, listen to that motor purr. I should have had my head examined for wanting to trade in, little Maxie. This was a terrible start, boy. That's the third one this week.  Someday I'm going to trade it in. James, how would you like to plan and prepare almost 1,100 meals a year? Well, if you're the average housewife, that's exactly what you'd do. No doubt about it, thinking of new ideas, but that many main users know small jobs. So just to help out a bit, we'd like to pass along a quick, easy suggestion for tomorrow's dessert. It's called cardinal pear mold, and it's a combination of delicious pears and bright red cherry jello. But yet it's as simple as it is satisfying to make it. Just prepare one package of cherry jello, as you usually do, and add 1,8 teaspoon of powdered ginger. Then mold and before serving, garnish with sections of fresh or canned pears. The result is a bang on the head. The result is a bang up good dessert, one that everybody will like, and one that costs almost nothing to make in the way of effort or expense. So for tomorrow night's dinner, try this grand new jello idea, cardinal pear mold, a vivid blend of sweet, juicy pears and rich crimson cherry jello. This is the last number of the third program in the current jello series. And we'll be with you again next Sunday night at the same time. Hey, Mary, let's go home and hear Jack's screen guilt show. Did you say he's going to do a dramatic sketch with Claudette Colbert? Yeah, what does he want anyway? Good night, folks. K-E-L-L-O. For Thrifty Housewives, log cabin syrup for less money. All three sizes now selling at lowest prices in history. Ask your grocer about his new low prices. Remember, same luscious log cabin syrup. Same high quality, same mellow flavor. Only the price has changed. Tomorrow, buy log cabin syrup at the new low price, the lowest ever. This is the national broadcasting.