Now, today's webinar is, They Are Older Now, a snapshot of self-identified veterans in the Canadian logistical study on aging. Welcome to our distinguished speaker, Dr. Christina Wolfen. Dr. Wolfen is a professor in the department of epidemiology, biostatistics, and occupational health in medicine at McGill University. She is a senior scientist in the brain repair and integrative neuroscience or brain program at the research institute of McGill University Health Center. Her research focuses on the study of neurological disorders in the population, such as most multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, ameliotrophic, lateral sclerosis, and dementia, with an interest in identifying the burden, frequency, and risk factors. She is also our CLSA co-principal investigator and leads the neurological conditions initiatives and Veterans Health Initiative. Finally, she is the director of the CLSA Statistical Analysis Center. Again, once more, a reminder that there will be a question and answer session at the very end of the webinar, but feel free to write in the questions. Any questions or concerns at any time during the webinar in the chat box and we'll address them then. So, now we'll turn it over and welcome Dr. Christina Wolfen. Thank you, Carol. Thanks for the introduction. I'm very pleased to be here today to make this presentation. And it's timely, November 13th, just two days away from November 11th. So, I took this opportunity to accept the invitation to present now. What I'm going to talk about is, I think, what is a unique initiative within the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, and that is a self-identified Veterans within the cohort. So, one of the first questions you might ask is, why would we be interested in studying Veterans? And there are a number of reasons for that. I mean, I think, if you think about aging studies over the last couple of decades, many, certainly in Canada and in the UK and in the United States, many of those individuals who were parts of longitudinal studies of aging were subject to wartime exposures perhaps either at home or overseas, and that could have shaped their aging. And that's why one of the reasons why one might be interested. And certainly, of course, these individuals served on behalf of the population. And it's been estimated that in Canada, there are 700,000 Canadian Armed Forces Veterans. So, that's a fairly significant proportion of the population, and these individuals are aging. Some, of course, who were overseas have returned with injuries that may now, even years later, affect their health. And there is some literature to support late life effects of earlier injuries. So, military service could be an important determinant of health and possibly of healthy aging. One of the aspects of this research that struck me is that it is actually very difficult to identify Veterans once they release from the military. And in fact, my first foray into the area of research in Veterans was spurred by work that I did on a couple of Institute of Medicine panels in the United States where I was asked to participate in panels to look at the health effects on the military of exposure to insecticides, pesticides, and solvents, and then also in a subsequent committee to look at the possible risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in returning Gulf War Veterans. Sitting around the table as the only Canadian on the panel, more than once I was asked, well, what kinds of studies do you have in Canada of Veterans? And in those days, and that was early 2000, 2003, 2006, there was really very little that I could tell them. And that sort of struck me as a gap. As Carol explained, my area of interest is in neurological diseases. So, I put aside the issue of Veterans until the CLSA came to pass when I saw that there was a unique opportunity. So just to put some of the numbers in context, in terms of service from Canada, Canadian Veterans, in World War I, there were approximately over 600,000 troops sent and one third of them were killed or wounded at World War II. And this is the part of the cohort that some of whom are included in the CLSA. More than a million troops were sent and over 100,000 were killed. Canada also participated in Korea and you'll see the numbers there. Canada did not send troops directly to Vietnam, but there were over 30,000 Canadians who volunteered and served in Vietnam. The Gulf War, Afghanistan, and of course now a lot of the troops, the Canadian Armed Forces, are involved in peacekeeping. So this is a significant portion of the population in the past and currently who are put in situations which may in the short term, of course we know, but in the longer term as they age, have some impact on their health. So what do we know about the health of Veterans in Canada? Well, I said that we knew very little and in 2013 I was working with Dr. Catherine Tansy and we put together a scoping review of the level of information of health of Veterans in Canada and there was in fact very little information. Since that time, fortunately, they've been in a couple of large-scale studies generated through Veterans Affairs Canada and Statistics Canada looking at the transition to civilian life. But these Veterans were those who were released between 1998 and 2007. So they are in fact younger Veterans than one might be interested in relation to World War II and even the Korean War. There's also some extremely interesting work that is just coming out now where Alison Mahar and Alice Aitken have identified Veterans within the administrative databases in Ontario. In fact, there is an identifier within the Health Administrative Databases in Ontario, so they have been able to start a research program looking at these individuals who were released between about 1990 and 2014. I haven't actually been able to find any large-scale research that looks at the health psychological health or physical health or health service utilization of individuals released prior to 1990. So the Canadian Launch Tunnel Study on Aging Veterans Health Initiative was something that evolved in the planning stages of the CLSA in around about 2005, 2006, 2007, where the CLSA PIs connected with the Research Directorate of Veterans Affairs to discuss possible research opportunities within the CLSA. What was really I think quite a remarkable initiative is this culminated in a partnership and Veterans Affairs Canada agreed to provide some financial support to include two supplementary modules in the baseline assessment of the CLSA to be asked of all participants in the CLSA. And that was a set of Veteran Identifier Questions and also a screening tool for post-traumatic stress disorder. I'll talk about those a little bit more later. So I know this is the CLSA webinar but I don't know if everyone on this webinar is fully familiar with the CLSA, so I do have a few slides to take you through that. So the CLSA is a strategic initiative of the CIHR. Planning began in 2001 and it took I would say close to 10 years to actually get it funded and implemented. There are three co-PIs, Carmen Durant McMaster who's the lead PI, Susan Kirkland at downtown myself. That's not to mention that there are more than 160 co-investigators from across Canada involved. It's multidisciplinary including biology, genetics, medicine, psychology, sociology, etc. It's basically trying to look at all aspects of aging and it's the largest study of its kind in Canada following currently following 51,000 participants who were aged 45 to 85 at enrollments and the goal is to follow them from baseline for at least 20 years and I'll say at least because we would hope to get funding beyond that. Well I think people after me would hope to get funding beyond that. So CLSA has both an aim and a vision and the aim is as a longitudinal study of aging to examine transitions and to capture trajectories to enable the identification of modifiable factors with the potential to inform interventions and strategies to improve the health of populations as they age. That is the fundamental aim of the study and that is how the study was designed in relation to the selection of measures that are included. CLSA also has a vision and its vision is to create a research platform and infrastructure so that what that means is that researchers across Canada and actually outside of Canada international researchers have the opportunity to obtain the data from the CLSA and eventually to obtain the biospecimens from the CLSA and to use the infrastructure for their own purposes. So just in encapsulating the design overview I put some actual numbers in here now 51,338 women and men in Canada who were aged 45 to 85 at baseline were recruited. They're recruited in two levels of data collection on the left-hand side of the slide you'll see 21,000 individuals participate by through questionnaire interviews over the questionnaire interviews over the telephone only we call that the tracking cohort. These individuals are randomly selected from all 10 provinces and are truly representative of the Canadian population insofar as that is possible with a volunteer cohort. On the right-hand side we have over 30,000 people who have more in-depth assessment than the telephone group than the tracking cohort. So these individuals undergo an in-person interview in their home and it's essentially the same interview that is done by telephone. So at the end of the day we have over 50,000 individuals who have completed the same questionnaire. They then come into one of 11 data collection sites that have been built across Canada for physical assessments and biospecimen collection. Now due to the nature of the comprehensive cohort that the individuals who come for the full physical assessment the sites are essentially around academic areas. They are not randomly distributed across the country. There are 11 sites in seven provinces and individuals for that component of the study were recruited with an geographic radius of 25 to 50 kilometers for recruitment. So as I said this is a 20-year study with follow-up every three years and we are actually currently coming towards the end of our first follow-up. So we completed the baseline assessments in 2015 turned around very quickly to begin our first follow-up on all 51,338 participants. We're also working very hard to establish data linkage with healthcare mortality and disease registries. So how do we recruit these individuals? We use three different sampling frames. We started off with a partnership with Statistics Canada through the Canadian Community Health Survey on Healthy Aging. We had Statistics Canada include a sharing question within the questionnaire and so individuals who agreed to share their contact information with the CLSA were then forwarded to the CLSA for our own recruitment. This is the first Statistics Canada had never released names to researchers in this way before. That yielded about 8,000 participants so that wasn't enough for our 50,000 planned cohort. We then entered into partnerships with provincial ministries of health using the health card registration databases. What was done there is mail-outs from the ministries of health were sent to the individuals with the framework within the types of people that we wanted, the age range, sex distribution, etc. Those individuals then returned a consent to contact form and were followed up by the CLSA. That was not a successful strategy in all provinces and so in the remaining provinces we then did random digit dialing. We're very fortunate however to have very strong methodology working group, experts and international experts in sampling and they have created sampling weights to enable us to use the full sample so not to worry about the fact that we have three sampling frames. So one important point here is to discuss the exclusion criteria at baseline or at recruitment. We had to follow the exclusion criteria put in place by the Canadian Community Health Survey in order so the rest of the sampling things had to follow that. So the first five are the exclusion criteria that come from PCHS. So we excluded residents of the three territories, those living in an institution, those living on a First Nation reserve and I've highlighted. We excluded full-time members of the armed forces and we excluded temporary visa holders. The CLSA added two more criteria in relation to the way we were going to conduct the study. Individuals who were cognitively impaired at baseline were excluded. Certainly if individuals become cognitively impaired within the study as we as we follow them up they are included because of course that's an important part unfortunate important part of aging and also we were only able to conduct the study in English and in French so if an individual is unable to communicate in French or in English they have to be excluded. So this is a very busy slide just to show you some of the modules for the baseline questionnaire that were asked of all 51,000 participants just loosely categorized them into demographic health and social. I highlighted here in the demographic we have the veteran status and in the health we have a PTSD screen. The additional assessments that were done sorry about the formatting of this slide the additional assessments that were done for those individuals who came in were some basic and symmetric measures some measures of function and then the physical measures including a blood sample and a urine sample. What I'm going to talk about today in relation to the veterans really only deals with the self-report information. We haven't yet completed the analyses using the physical measures. So how did we identify veterans in the CLSA? As I said we used to set a veteran identifier questions that were provided to us by Veterans Affairs Canada and there was a recent publication in 2006 by Linda Van Til et al that described these questions and actually recommends or I think encourages researchers to include such questions in large-scale surveys because as I said we do have a bit of a challenge identifying veterans in Canada. In the 1951 census there was a question on veterans and then again it was used in the 1961 census the 1971 census and the 1991 general social survey and in 2003 a Canadian community health survey used the questions but we really do not have a way of registering these individuals to know who they are how to find them and how to link their information with health registration databases except the work of Alison Mahar and LSA Kenan Ontario. So as I said we used a PTSD screener. This was asked of all CLSA participants not just veterans and it was used over the phone and in the face-to-face in-home interviews. It is a screening tool and these are the questions that are asked. It's very short it doesn't take very long to implement and we did determine that it had been used over the phone in other surveys. So it was validated in the US Veterans Affairs primary care setting and it's been shown to have good sensitivity and specificity compared to a clinician administered scale. It is a screening tool it is definitely not a diagnosis. It does reflect DSM-4 diagnostic criteria using a score of at least three out of four as the screening threshold. So individuals who score three or four on this tool would be determined to be PTSD screen positive. There's been some recent work to modify the tool itself to reflect DSM-5 and so that there's a revision called the PC PTSD-5. Obviously we're not using that in the CLSA because it's more recent than our implementation. So I'm going to get right to giving you some baseline data and I'm going to focus on the self-reported veterans although of course in some results I will be making comparison with the full cohort. So here we go. So here are the numbers. So I've separated out the tracking cohort from the comprehensive cohort. So you'll see we have we identified using these questions a total of 3558 Canadian veterans, 909 non-Canadian veterans for 4467 veterans in total. We did identify 68 individuals who reported current military service. They slipped through the eligibility criteria and in fact what was quite remarkable is this question was really well answered with only 12 out of 50,000 people having missing data. So some very simple descriptors looking at the age. I suspect none of you would be very surprised to see that the age of the veterans is older than the full CLSA cohort by a few years and the non-Canadian veterans are the oldest group. Interestingly enough the age range is the same. Not surprising I'm sure to anyone they're predominantly male. About 50% of the full CLSA cohort is male female. That was by sampling design. I've highlighted the number of females that we actually have amongst the veterans which I think is important because this is a very in days past there were very few female veterans so I think it's nice that we have a reasonably large size there and then I've also reported the marital status of these individuals. This is a rather busy slide. I wanted to show you where these veterans came from. In the first column you see we have the full sample so that is the individuals that were collected in the baseline all 51,000 and the distribution of individuals is in relation to our sampling scheme. The Canadian veterans are very quite similar in the sense of the distribution of where they live. Slightly more Canadian veterans living in Nova Scotia than in the full sample but otherwise maybe slightly fewer living in Quebec than in the full sample but otherwise quite similar. There is a big difference with the non-Canadian veterans which is not surprising because the non-Canadian veterans are immigrants to Canada and I suspect that this reflects at the time that they came where the most popular provinces were to immigrate to. So British Columbia was one and Ontario slightly higher. New Brunswick was quite low and Nova Scotia was low. New Zealand PEI pretty low. So I think that that just reflects the immigration patterns. I did want to take a look about the non-Canadian veterans because as far as I have been able to tell there's actually very little information in Canada on veterans who served in other countries or veterans of other armed forces. So I just have this chart here to show you the most commonly reported country of service. I don't think it surprises very many people that about a third of the non-Canadian veterans were veterans of the UK forces. 12, 13 percent from the US, 5 percent from the Netherlands, 7 to 10 percent from France and then a small percentage from Germany. They were actually looking at the raw data because we have this in open text. There were 253 countries reported in the data but I'm only reporting those with more than two or three percent. The type of service, the question, the veteran affairs, veteran identifier question asks the type of service. So we have Army, Navy, Air Force and Reserves. I didn't include the other category here because we had no understanding of what the other category can be but what you see is a difference in the percentage of service in the Army depending on whether there were Canadian veterans or non-Canadian veterans. The red refers to the non-Canadian veterans and the blue to the Canadian veterans and the green is to the total number of veterans. So most people served in the Army or in the Reserves. So what was their age at CLSA enrollment? So we're talking about between 2012 and 2015. The red bar refers to the non-Canadian veterans and the blue bar to the Canadian veterans. Again, totally consistent. The non-Canadian veterans are older. 25 percent of them are between 75 and 79 in enrollment and 20 percent of them are over the age of 80. This reflects the fact that they had to serve in another country and then came to Canada afterwards. The duration of military service, we had services a little of six months all the way up to 30 years of service within this cohort. The vast majority had service less than five years. And again, the non-Canadian veterans, nearly three quarters of them had had service reported service of less than five years. Again, this is completely consistent with individual serving and then coming to another country. So what were the join years? I think this was important because we wanted to try and get established where, you know, what conflicts these individuals may have served in. We didn't don't have that information in the question. So basically, we just had to categorize it by year. The majority of individuals in both Canadian and non-Canadian veteran groups served between 1950 and 1959. Very few recent join years. I just want to give you, these are really preliminary results. One of the things that we were able to do with these data was to actually estimate the number of veterans in Canada between the ages of 45 and 85. And the estimate that we came up with, and again, these are very preliminary results, which we have to verify approximately 700 and say 20,000 Canadian veterans between the ages of 45, 45 and 85, and 185,000 non-Canadian veterans between the ages of 45 and 85. So this is over 900,000 veterans in that particular age range that we could estimate living in Canada. I believe that these are underestimates for the total number of veterans because of our exclusion criteria. We excluded people living in institutions. We excluded the territories. We excluded people who had current cognitive impairments. We also, of course, have the age range. So we're only talking about people age 45 to 85. This doesn't include veterans younger than the age of 45 or those older than 85. And there are the average age of World War II veterans is about 93, I believe. So we would have excluded those. And also, the timing of the CLSA baseline, we're talking about 2012 to 2015. So now I want to give you a little bit of some preliminary results on health status. I put on this slide both self-reported health, which is the first set of three columns, self-reported mental health, which is the middle set of three columns, and self-reported healthy aging. You'll see that there seems to be very little difference between the non-veterans in blue, the Canadian veterans in red, and the non-Canadian veterans in green. I think if you wanted to talk about trends, one could argue that the veterans seem to be reporting slightly less, very good to excellent healthy aging. But if you look at the numbers and the percentages, they really are quite similar. So I pulled out a few conditions that we looked at within this cohort. And I didn't bring out the conditions that had a lower than a 5% prevalence. And these are age and sex adjusted. So PTSD and non-veterans, we found prevalence of 5.2%, which increased in the Canadian veterans and then was highest in the non-Canadian veterans. I think with the mental health disorders that we have, and this, of course, the anxiety mood disorder and depression are really self-reports, the depression is based on the CESD. What we do see is we do see slightly higher prevalence in the Canadian veterans and the highest prevalence in the non-Canadian veterans. And these are age and sex adjusted. My original analyses, I thought that age was responsible for this, but now that we've adjusted for age, we still see an effect. If we look at some of the physical chronic conditions, that the high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and hand, we either see very little difference or, in fact, slightly better outlook for the veterans. And again, there are lots more analyses to do on these data. So this is just your snapshot, as I said. I was, of course, very interested since we included the PTSD screening tool to look at that within the veterans. And in fact, here we look at the score. Remember, the score can be zero, one, two, three, or four. There are just five items. The vast majority of individuals in the full cohort, the non-veterans, Canadian veterans from the non-Canadian veterans did not score anything on the PTSD tool. So 75 to 76 percent scored zero. It's difficult to say that we see any real pattern here. Again, slightly higher, I think, in the non-Canadian veterans. But clearly more analyses to be done here. So one of the things that we wanted to do is to take a sort of a broad look at factors associated with PTSD screen positive versus screen negative. And again, these are cross-sectional data. So it's very difficult to make any interpretations of what comes first. I've highlighted blue and then black just to separate out the various different variables. I just wanted to show you this is the full sample. So this includes the non-veterans. What was interesting, we found that there seemed to be an increased odds ratio in relation to retirement. So PTSD screen positive more likely in those with complete retirement or partial retirement relative to not being retired. There appeared to be an association between being female and PTSD screen positive. Both the Canadian veterans and the non, well, the Canadian veterans for sure had a statistically significant odds ratio in relation to PTSD relative to the non-veterans. The Canadian veterans didn't reach statistical significance. The non-Canadian veterans didn't reach statistical significance, but that could probably be a numbers thing. Being married relative to being single appeared to be, I don't want to say protective because there's no directionality here but was associated with less likely screening positive education. We see the association such that higher levels of education seem to be associated with less likely screening positive PTSD. And there appeared to be a slight protective effect in being in the comprehensive group rather than the tracking group. So that's just looking at the full sample. So here everyone is included the non-veterans, the Canadian veterans, and the non-Canadian veterans. Then I wanted to look just at the veterans as a group themselves, looking, pooling together the Canadian veterans and the non-Canadian veterans. And this is the best fitting model. What we found was a slight association with age whereas individuals, older individuals were less likely to screen positive for PTSD. But again, we saw the retirement effect with a slightly higher odds ratio this time. So individuals who were completely retired were more likely to also screen positive on PTSD. Those who are partly retired, slightly more positive, more likely to screen positive PTSD relative to people who are not retired. So the retirement variable is coming back. Now just looking at the group of Canadian veterans, because we know that the non-Canadian veterans bring some other factors with them in relation to their heterogeneity. So what we saw just looking at the smaller group now, Canadian veterans, about 3,500 individuals, we saw the inverse association with age, the retirement variable was retained, and here there was an army indicator. So individuals who reported service in the army relative to any other grouping in the Navy, Air Force, or reserves were more likely to screen positive on the PTSD screening tool. The tool, we have no diagnosis of PTSD. So one of the things we did is to just look and see how scores on this tool and also screen positive versus screen negative on this tool were associated with other mental health measures and again cross-sectional data. We saw that we got the anticipated or at least hypothesized relationships between the screen positive and self-reportive mood, anxiety, disorder, and depression. So those individuals who screen positive were all also more likely to report having mean tool. They had a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or depression. We found the inverse association with satisfaction with life. So these individuals were less likely to report high levels of satisfaction with life, high self-rated health, high self-rated mental health, or high self-rated healthy agent. So these are sort of the anticipated relationships that we saw which were somewhat comforting, which shows that this measure seems to be at least acting in the same way as other mental health measures. So sort of what are our preliminary findings? And these are very preliminary. There's a lot more work to do. So self-reported veterans appear to be very similar to non-veterans in relation to self-reported physical conditions, at least with those with a prevalence of at least five percent. We didn't see any major differences amongst the veterans and the non-veterans. What we did see, I think, suggests a slightly higher self-reportive measures of some mental health concerns in relation to PTSD, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and depression. And just to emphasize again that these were age and sex adjusted when we presented them. And these seem to be most apparent amongst non-Canadian veterans. What was interesting was the robust finding of retirement as a correlate of positive PTSD screen. And interestingly enough, this is consistent with some other studies that have shown what has been suggested as a sort of a resurgence of PTSD symptoms following retirement or around the time of stress thinking about retirement. But as I mentioned before, these are cross-sectional data. So we don't know whether the factors that are associated with screening positive on a PTSD screening tool may actually contribute to someone retiring. So we really don't know what direction is going on here. But these data are, as I said, consistent with some other studies. There is a recent study that was reported on Vietnam veterans that, in fact, 40 years following their service, there was new evidence of PTSD that was directly linked to that war service. How we investigate this in the CLSA, I think we'll have to do further analyses to see whether this is a real finding or whether retirement is just a proxy for something else. So what are the limitations? There are a number of limitations. What we have, and I think the first thing is that we have self-reported veteran status. We don't have any way to verify that these individuals are truly veterans. I think, and the paper that I mentioned that Linda Van Til wrote in 2016, I think she suggests that there's probably no reason for people to self-report they are veterans when they're not. I think perhaps people may under-report veteran status depending on the experience they had in the military. So I suspect that there are probably more there. I certainly have anecdotal reports of individuals who served, who did compulsory military service in countries like Israel and South Africa actually would not regard themselves as veterans. So I think we probably do have some under-reporting there. Obviously right now we're just using the self-reported health measures. As I said before, the PTSD screen is not a diagnosis of PTSD. It is just a screening tool. It's been used widely and has been validated, but again, it's a screening tool. The data are cross-sectional, so we cannot really talk about cause. We can't really talk about predictors or protective factors. So what are we going to do? Well, I think we have to do much more detailed analyses to confirm the performance of the PTSD screening tool. We can look at much more detail in some other analyses in relation to some of our tools of psychological distress that we included in the CLSA. As I mentioned early on in the talk, we did not include the objective measures of health and we did not include the cognitive measures. So I think that that's probably one of the priorities. We should look at the comprehensive participants, so the individuals who came for the full assessments, and look to see whether we can confirm some of these findings in relation to the physical characteristics looking at the more objective measures. So I'm going to just want to do some acknowledgments here. Obviously the first acknowledgement is to the CLSA participants, and I should say that the data analyses that have been done here were supported by the contract from Veterans Affairs Canada and also from a CIHR catalyst grant, and here I just include the general acknowledgement for the CLSA. So overall, one of the things I want to say is I think that the data that we have on the self-reported Veterans, even with the caveats I gave, are unique resource within Canada to have a group of individuals who did not know they were going to be asked questions about whether or not they were Veterans. They answered, and in fact the answers of the Veterans have the lowest level of missing data of any of the the rest of the participants in the CLSA. So I think we have the opportunity with this sample to do some interesting work once we dig a little bit deeper. I also haven't investigated any differences between males and females in the physical health and the mental health, and I think that that's important to do. So with that, I think I'm going to stop here and certainly got plenty of time for questions. Thank you very much Dr. Wolfen. That was an excellent presentation, very interesting. I'd like to thank you for your continued leadership in the CLSA as well. We'll open it up now to questions. As a reminder, muting will remain on, but you can enter your questions into the chat box in the bottom right hand corner of the WebEx window. I don't think there's been any questions so far, so we'll go ahead and give people a little time to ask questions through the chat box, and I'll go ahead and field what for myself. So did you look at any comparisons with other countries, particularly the U.S. or European veterans, particularly with the U.S. because of the different health care programs and the different Veterans Affairs Medical care programs that might be an interesting comparison? Yeah, well that's one of the things that's going to come next, because it actually took us quite a lot of time to identify exactly, to sort of clean up exactly who were the veterans and distinguish the Canadian veterans from the non-Canadian veterans. There are a number of studies, as you can imagine, there's actually a lot of studies in the U.S., but they tend to be focused around quite reasonably specific types of veterans, so there are studies on Vietnam veterans, studies on Gulf War veterans, studies on Korean veterans, and so it's a little bit difficult to do the comparisons, as I said, that we don't really know whether the individuals were veterans of the Korean War or whether they were Canadians serving in the U.S. military in Vietnam, so some of the analyses are a little bit difficult to do. The comparisons that we made are sort of based on some of the results that we've seen, you know, we've seen in other studies looking, for instance, at obviously the mental health outcomes, and there are some things we can't look at, infections, for instance, cirrhosis we couldn't look at, but we have tried to look at some things. I want to dig deeper, look at the musculoskeletal. We didn't have enough numbers to really look at some of the neurological conditions, we couldn't really look at Parkinson's disease, and obviously dementia would have been excluded at baseline in the CLSA, so they're informed. We informed our analyses with previous data, but I think we have a sort of a unique situation here in Canada. I see a question here. Yeah, I'll go ahead and read it. Okay. Yeah, so this is a question from Allen. Yeah, so was there a difference in cancer between veterans? Oh, it looks like there was. No, we haven't had a chance to look at the subtypes yet. We do have a little bit of information in open text on the cancer subtypes, so we could look at that. So thanks. That's something we will look at. Can you mention there's a wealth of things we could, different directions we could go in? So thanks. Yeah, that's something we would look at. Or someone else could look at it because these data are available to the research community. Did you show any difference between the cancer between veterans and non-veterans? Was there a slight? There was a slight percentage difference, but we only really adjusted by age and sex, so we haven't looked at any other characteristics. So talking about kind of that future directions and work, are you going to be looking at kind of a cohort effect maybe from the different conflection questions? Yeah, well, I think follow-up to cancer, thinking of more modern issues versus cognitive decline for older veterans, that type of thing. Well, one of the things, and that raises a very important point, one of the things we haven't yet done, we've looked at them as a group, looking at the Canadian veterans and the non-Canadian veterans. One of my plans is to arrange them on timelines according to their joint year and release year and to try and establish where it's likely they might have served or what conflict they would have been in the military during. That we haven't done, we've looked at duration of service and joint year and release year, but we haven't mapped that on to the Canadian military history of when the troops were sent to various places. So we will look at that, but we don't have any Gulf War veterans in this group. Right, yeah. Well, we'll wait for a couple of other questions to come in. I was struck by how much PTSD there seemed to be for non-veterans. Was there an actual, there was a significant difference between being a veteran, a Canadian veteran and having a higher relationship with PTSD, but there's a lot of PTSD out there for the general population as well, it seems like, for older adults. Yeah, well there's a growing area of research. I hear myself echoing here. Yes, so there is, there's a growing area of a research on something called late onset stress symptomatology in older adults that can manifest itself in PTSD-like symptoms and some studies have actually shown in older adults to be as high as 12%. PTSD, of course, is a reaction to a stress and that stress can be death of a spouse, it can be a traumatic event, any kind of a traumatic event. We don't know what the traumatic event is in the individuals in the CLSA, but even retirement. So it makes sense when you think about it that older people having lived longer and having more happen in their lives could be at higher risk for PTSD-like symptoms. So yeah, so that's another thing I want to look at and that's why I'm really pleased that we asked the PTSD screener of all CLSA participants, not just those whose head that they were veterans. This allows us to make an internal comparison and you're right. I mean it is a fairly high percentage of individuals who screen positive who are not veterans. How that relates to their aging is another question and I've already seen in some analyses that other researchers are doing on the CLSA data that they have actually included this variable as a measure of mental health, which is why I think it's important that I, one of the things I really want to do is to take the PTSD screen and investigate it in relation to the other measures. You know, maybe it's a proxy for other measures, maybe the other measures are proxies for it. So I need to look at it again, but you're right. There is a higher than expected prevalence of PTSD screen positive in the non-veterans as well. So do we have any other questions from the field? We can spend a couple more minutes on question and answers. Well, I'll do one final one for myself. There's no open text information on retirement. There's no, you can't look at the reasons for the retirement or the age of retirement as kind of that. Oh, we can. We can. We can. We can. Oh, I see there's a question. Yeah. From Jim Thompson, your PTSD prevalence numbers are very interesting. Prior to Canadian general population estimates have been much lower, less than 2%, but about as expected, they should be higher. Your prevalence is based on the PCP, PTSD, symptom measures are interesting. So I think that feeds back into the conversation we were just having, but it is a very interesting finding. Yep. I mean, it seems like a small percentage, but when you round that out to, you know, how many individuals we're talking about in this age range, I think that's quite interesting. So thank you. But I just want to say one last thing. If anybody has any specific questions for me about this presentation or this whole area of research or interested in using the CLSA data in relation to the veterans, I'm very happy to communicate with anyone. It's, I think it's a unique small database, but I think it's unique. And as I've said in the very beginning, this is a research platform. So I would be really interested if we could, you know, get a kind of a consortium of people interested in veterans' health to work around these data. It'd be great. We did have another question roll in. So the health indicator preferences are very similar to the findings from CCHS 2003, which included a veterans' identifier and very different from the LASS survey in 2010. Yeah. 2013 and 2015, which looked at former CCHS members aged 20 to 65 roughly. Do you want to speak to that? Well, our folks are older. That's the only thing I can say about that. So, you know, and I think that's the transition to civilian life, the LASS surveys have individuals releasing, I think, I mean, obviously the questioner knows better than I do, but I think 1990 to 2014 or 1998, 2013. So these are mostly younger veterans. Well, they're not veterans that released a long, long time ago. Most of our people released far, well before that. Yeah. And looking at the different associations between all the things they're looking at with different surveys will be interesting in the future as well. Would you do the further analysis? Absolutely. Absolutely. I mean, I think this is really an emerging area of research in Canada. And I think it's a very important area of research. And we already have some leaders with Alice Akin and Linda Van Till and Alison Mahar doing some very interesting stuff. Well, thank you again. It was a really very, very nice presentation. So we appreciate it, particularly for this month of remembrance. Thank you. So I'd like to remind everyone that the CLSA Data Access Request applications are ongoing. If you're interested in gaining access to CLSA data, the next deadline for applications is on January 29, 2018. You can visit the CLSA website under Data Access to Review Available Data for their information and details about the application process. I'd also like to mention that our next webinar is scheduled for December 12th. We'll be talking about visual impairment, eye care and visualization, with Dr. Ellen Friedman. Please register and join our next webinar.


If vegans boycotted that burger and they took it off the menu and then there wasn't a vegan option at KFC, they've got one of the biggest reach out of any corporation on earth. That would be smart advocacy, wouldn't it? That would be clever. Nah, I'm going there and I'm eating it and I'm promoting it because it's a vegan option. I was just wondering if the vegan burger here? No. I believe that. Yeah, so they're completely sold out to the 2nd of July. Hello everyone, welcome to another video. So, I was just finishing my breakfast and my housemate came back with a little surprise for me. And yes, I'm sitting in the kitchen. KFC. KFC, Kentucky Fried Cruelty. But what have they got in here? What have we got in here? Finger licking vegan. So this is the wrap and this is the burger. Now, these have probably been in the car from London so they're probably about an hour away. So let's just see what they look like. Are they still in good condition? Finger licking vegan, I love that. Oh my God. Check it out. Check it out, dude. Look at the, um, how big the patty is. Smells like a fast food sandwich. Let's just go all in, shall we? Wow. The texture of that. That is a really decent fast food burger. Like it's really, the bun's really soft. The mayonnaise is really mellow and nice. And the patty is just like really well made. This is made of market protein which is like, you know, a mushroom. A fungus. So mushroom protein, really good. I'm really happy with that. Let's move on to the wrap here. Wow, that mayonnaise they've used is amazing. Really good. All right, so here's the wrap. Decent size. Oh yeah, there's the patty inside there. It's been cut. So the patty's been cut. Let's try that. Look at it. They nailed it. Oh my God. They nailed that patty. I'm going to give this like from fast food burgers. That's a seven and a half. This is like a nine. This is really, really good. Oh my God. I love the burger. The burger's great if you're a bit more hungry. But this here, really happy with them. Hey, really, really good. What I'm going to do is I'm going to take these out to the public and see what they think. Stay tuned. Okay, so here we are back out the front of KFC Gloss The Road. We're going to see if the imposter burger is back. Are you a vegan? Yeah. I'm happy that you're ordering a vegan burger. I don't want to ask for fancy, but I want to try it. And I'm going to create the demand. So you can travel, you know. Well, I'm doing the same thing. Yeah. Hiya. Hello, how are you? Hiya. I'm the three imposter burgers and the three of the imposter wraps. Please. Yeah. Yeah. It would take a long time. Yeah. That's fine. That's fine? Yeah. I'm not going to have the meat one. All right, here we go. We've got the imposter burger and we've got the wraps here. We're going to see what the public think. Do you want to try one of these burgers, mate? These are the imposter burger. I want you to have a crack. Let me try it. I want you to tell me what you think and if you can tell the difference. Does it taste like chickens? Yes, I think it's chicken. You think it's chicken? It's chicken. But there's no chickens in there. No. That's crazy, eh? Is that good or bad? That's chicken. That's a scallop, yes. That's chicken breast, yes. Yeah, yeah, yeah. That's what it tastes like. This is vegan. You know what vegan is? Veganess. Vegan. Like vegetarian? Vegetarian, I know. Yeah, yeah. But this is vegan. No animal product. No animal, yes. I understand that. Exactly what is soya or soya or something. This is fungus, mushroom. Fungus, mushroom, mushroom. Mushroom meat. You like it? Tastes good. Tastes like chicken. It tastes quite good. Quite good. Yeah, no cruelty, no violence, just plants. Good? Good, good, yes. Very good. Thank you very much. You want to try some, brother? What's this one? This is a new one. I'm doing taste tests on camera. You want to be on? What's this vegan? This is a new vegan one. Yeah. Have you tried it? No, no. You want to try it? What sorts of? Mushroom meat. Yeah. It's like microprotein. So this is, what's this one? Chicken. This is a burger and this is a wrap. Yeah, what's the best one?  What do you like best? You want to try one too? No, no, thanks. I thought I saw a vegan. They are. They're the new vegan but have you tried it on camera and tell me what you think? Is that the impossible, brother? It's the imposter burger. Try one. I want to get everyone's opinion, whether they can tell the difference, what you think. So where's this getting telephased in? YouTube. Just my YouTube channel. YouTube? Yeah. What do you think? That's fish, right? No, no, this is vegan. This is no animals. Right, no, but that's the fish version? No, this is chicken. It's supposed to be imitating chicken. Yeah. Are you giving me one? Yeah, I'm just trying to get people's opinion and see, you're a meat eater?  Well, I've switched over to vegan burgers, like impossible burger or beyond burger. They're amazing. So you're sort of flexitarian. In the U.S., they're coming out with the impossible Whopper. Yeah. Saw that. What do you think? They are nice. It's nice? I don't know the love of Kentucky, or any of our foods, but this is good. Do you think it tastes like the texture of chicken? That's amazing. That's amazing. Yeah. It's amazing what you can do together when you're not to kill anything. You don't have to kill anyone, do you? No. That's amazing. And it's not Kentucky Fried cruelty. This is Kentucky Fried Compassion. Kentucky Fried Compassion. Kentucky Fried Compassion. No animals killed. It will change the food. They are seeds of CCC. Yeah. Kentucky Fried Compassion. So you can't tell the difference? Are you happy with it? Would you get it again? Yeah, absolutely. Excellent. No worries, brother. Peace. So you've been incorporating more vegetarian food to... Very much so. Yeah. How does it feel to know that you can get an option like this? Would you choose this over the meat option if you had a choice nearly everywhere? I would do. Yeah. It doesn't be a treat for me to have another dinner. Yeah, brother. You know what? What you should do is not... Not tell people. No, no. What you should do is not have it all the time. Because it's junk food? Yeah. Just a treat. That's what restaurants were for, wasn't it? Yeah, a treat. That's what it meant to be a treat. Hey, brother. This is a vegan challenge. Challenge 22. Sign up on Facebook. No animal cruelty. It's good. Bless you, man. Bless you, brother. Keep up. Boom. Hey, mate. You want to try one of these? Yes. Are you a vegan? Well, I was. You were? A year and a half. Which one do you want to try? The wrap or the burger? The burger. Okay, here. Let's take the... If you can peel that off... You get a free burger. There you go. Can I try it? Yeah, and you try it on camera for me and tell me what you think. I want you to tell me if you can tell the difference. Yeah. Come in, come in, come in. Is this the veggie or vegan? Vegan. Wow. No animal cruelty? No violence? It's good. It's good. Why aren't you vegan anymore? What do you mean you were vegan and now you're not? I was... When I stopped being vegan. So I was vegan in 2014. Yeah. And then for a year and a half. But most people didn't even know what veganism was. Yeah. And it's too political every time I'd have a meal. It was like, you'd have to explain what veganism was. Yeah. So you went back to eating animals because of that? Social pressure. Yeah, social pressure. What about... I feel like it's easier to be vegan. Yeah. What do you think?  Can you tell the difference? What do you think that was a chicken? I don't eat meat. You don't eat meat?  I can't... I can tell the difference. You can tell the difference? It's a lot softer. But it's pleasant? It's still delicious. Yeah. It's got the same KFC flavour. It's not... It's not... It's nice. It's really good. It's well with the veggies. I call this Kentucky Fried Compassion. To chickens. KFC. Yeah, it's in this KFC right now. If more of us buy it, they'll keep it on. Okay. Make veganism easier. Yeah. Yeah. Hey guys. Who's... You guys are... Very fresh as well. Very fresh. Try a vegan challenge. All animal products cause violence to animals. And we try to live in a way that sort of lessens the harm to them. Yeah. And if it can be tasty and convenient, then why not? Thank you so much. Excellent. You're doing a great thing. Brother, thank you.  Yeah, I think it's unsustainable in the environment. The cruelty, I originally got into it for health. Okay. But then, you can't help it. The veganism's a moral philosophy, isn't it? Yeah. Animal cruelty. I was like, oh yeah, I let go of all like leather products. Good. Had all vegan cosmetics. See, how did you...  Was it the culture? Pressure? Yeah, a bit of everything, really. Yeah.  The way I could describe it is, you know that guy from The Matrix? You know the guy who wants to be plugged back in? Yeah. Uh-huh. And he's like, just make me forget. It was easier. Yeah, it's easier. So I think it is interesting, and I do, I think I do want to, yeah, I need to eat less meat. But I think, I think the hardest thing is how people bond over food. Yeah. So when like, say like an office event or like a work due, brings in food from home. Social situations are a bit different, a bit awkward. You could always bring vegan food, but like, do you think, are your values strong enough that you could, you can withhold those time? They were. Like I was like, yeah, I'd be asking if there was wine out by, I'd be like, is this vegan wine? Yeah. It's like, it's something like filtered through fish cuts and stuff. Wow. It's interesting how, yeah, there was like a vegan community in Brixton at the time. Yeah. 2014, I was in North London. Yeah. It was very far removed. Yeah. Quite lonely. Yeah. I think now it's huge. You speak to anyone, veganism is everywhere. Are you ever going to go back? Who knows? Who knows? Because when you say less meat, because if you, if you agree that killing animals for food is cruel and unnecessary, you're going to do less of a cruel and unnecessary thing. But do you think it's even justified to kill one animal if you don't need to? I completely agree with you. Yeah. On an ethical moral standpoint, I didn't, I didn't, like I couldn't kill that. Yeah. I spent all of today like walking my friend's dog around London. I love dogs. I didn't really get speciism. Speciism, yeah. I didn't get like why killing a cow. A loved one and killed the other.  Yeah, exactly. Exactly. I think the only way you can kind of get through it is by being switched off. Switched off? Yeah. So that's a psychology. I think what you're all doing is fantastic. You know what? Keep it up, keep it up. Vegan challenge. Thank you. Get back on it. All right. And here's my, here's my YouTube channel, brother. You can check it out and then there's plenty of community online. Get back on the ethical train. All right. Spread the message and preach compassion. Cheers, brother. Take care. Well, there you go. Seems like it was 10 out of 10 from everyone. I didn't hear anyone complain about those burgers. So why choose the cruel version when you can get Kentucky Fried Compassion? I don't really eat much fast food and I won't probably eat much of these burgers. But it's great. There's another option, isn't there? And I don't think the people who eat animals will be disappointed at all with those. They're fantastic. I'm so grateful that they put on a vegan option. Finally, they're listening to the demand of the people and people want more compassionate options. Kentucky Fried Compassion. They went from Kentucky Fried Cruelty to Kentucky Fried Compassion.  But it's amazing that there is an option for people who love KFC. They're thinking about veganism. They're trying to switch over and transition. There's an option there. Even for vegans who like a bit of fast food. Boom. You buy this. You're supporting this as a corn patty. So corn, they're a vegetarian company. But they're moving towards veganism more. So that's where they outsource these patties from. Highly recommend. I've talked about the ethics of supporting vegan options at non-vegan establishments. I think we should. And I think it's ridiculous and illogical if you don't. I understand some people don't want to walk into KFC. These patties are not fried in the same oil as the dead birds. They're in another separate little facility.  So they're baked. They're not fried. So a little bit healthier. Yeah. I think we should support vegan options wherever you go. Wherever you go. It's a non-vegan world. All the money that passes through your hands goes into the hands of some animal abuser or somewhere down the line. It came from, you know, all money is blood money. Either came from some animal abuse or it goes to some animal abuse. The best thing we can do with our money is support vegan options where we can.


And from Lagos, we move to Bios-State, where it is said that youths can only make a positive mark if they stay focused and diligent, and these were words from the southern E-Jaw stakeholders who maintained that the private sector is a large space that can accommodate more young and vibrant entrepreneurs who can create jobs. Our correspondent in Bios-State, Jesse S.C. reports. A bias untawned his back on white-collar jobs when it's made rush in to get employment at the State Civil Service. Today, his decision 13 years ago is paying off, not just for him alone, but for humanity. He's now an employer of labor through his indigenous engineering, marine and logistics company. His kinsmen celebrate him. It is not easy to attain success. If anybody tells you that success is something who just goes fast and pays 20 days and 29 and 12, you are paid 9. The MD is someone that has a vision. He has a vision to work. He has a vision. Even in the marine sector, he has done credibly well with even his position at his handling. He has used that his position to transform a lot of things in our region. You know, so I wish them well and I pray God all my days to stand by them. A tele-omyetomy, a general manager in the outfit speaks about the journey so far. God has been great. We have really worked our way out from turbid waters. You know, we started off a small company because we didn't family two, three, four persons came together and had it. But as we speak today, I'm proud to say we are known internationally. We have partners in our way that we will be able to man FPSO, which is a rare feat for indigenous companies. With the success story, perhaps this could be a booster dose for buyers and youths who may be struggling to have a clear-cut plan in bringing their business ideas to fruition. Jesse, you see, for Plus TV Africa. Subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hey guys, me here with my terrible Ryan Gosling shirt again and I've got my buddy pager here because we are going to start reviewing the Resident Evil films. Why?   It's an avalanche of putrid film waste but it's like a guilty obsession. Yeah it is. Now for me honestly I actually really never played the games the only one that I ever played was Resident Evil 5 with Boulder punching Chris. Did you play them at all? Oh I'm a huge fan of the video games like I've played everything from the originals to the remakes of the originals to all the new stuff and actually just like the film franchise it just keeps getting worse and worse but you know I'm sick. So the first one we're reviewing is the one that was released in 2002 and it was written and directed by Paul W.S. Anderson not Paul Wes Anderson not Wes Anderson the one that no one really wants to talk about. But what if Wes Anderson made a Resident Evil movie? Would that be a little silly? It'd be so hipster. The zombies would just explode in rainbows and they all have like scarves. Yeah. So the first one I always imagined or at least from when I remembered I always thought the first one was the best one but after re-watching it if that was what I thought the first so the best one was I'm not looking forward to watching the rest because this film is not aged well. It's you know for its time for a video game movie it was not bad. No actually yeah it was probably the first one that said wow they actually can make these movies well. Like he doesn't really follow the filler scheme it has tidbits here and there but really he actually took his own little idea that Alice wakes up she has no memory who she is but then the rainbow team rainbow I've got my game squad yeah the umbrella's faceless operatives they appear and then she's got amnesia for some reason and then they go down to the hive because the hive had something happen to it which actually was kind of an interesting virus escaped and the computer system locked it down and killed everyone they go down there then they find out their zombies and they have to try and get out actually quite a simplistic sort of story and that's basically it. Yeah I mean I mentioned this during the film as we were watching it where the first one leaves a little bit of mystique and a lot of unanswered questions that at the very least while a lot of it is quite cheesy you do kind of want to find out what's going on whereas in the later movies they feel the need to over explain every plot point it can get pretty uh pretty awful yeah it does get pretty awful the thing that this film has there's a few moments that are stand out like obviously when Alice fights the dogs that was really cool especially without running in the wall and jump kick are actually I can't think of anything else everything else is pretty shitty it's so interesting how she sort of suddenly remembers that she has these Jason Bourne instincts to do this crazy Jason Bourne had just come out literally a year prior so then I do not doubt that had an effect on the story because this movie suffers from plot convenient amnesia when her husband all of a sudden just remembers everything all at once whereas Alice has remembered things in pieces and it's just so stupid at the end and the other thing too that really nips me about this movie is obviously it was made with a very limited budget you can tell not just with them with the hunter the liquor yeah but also with a new liquor that they have the new liquor but just also the zombies too because at one point Michelle Rodriguez gets bit by her old boyfriend and yet all the other zombies are kind of instead of biting her they're all like at a rave for some reason all like none of them are doing anything like one it's assassin's creed mentality one at a time yeah there's one point that I'll actually don't know the actor's name but one of the umbrella operatives he's you know separated from the rest of the team and the zombies are just all after him and you think he's pretty much done yeah but for whatever reason they're just tickling him and you know like you've seen like three scenes earlier they were more than happy to just jump in and start biting but for whatever reason here it's like let's give this character a chance well yeah that's the thing too this movie was rated r but this is like the lightest r zombie film I've ever seen there's no gore really there's blood like what's it the liquor when liquor attacks uh uh Alice's husband instead of ripping him apart more so just cover something like strawberry jam but uh I would say as far as gore goes the closest thing they got was when the liquor sort of transforms they created like that new form oh yeah a little bit of animatronics and yeah and there's that one zombie who when he first appears looked towards the camera and half his face is missing with really poor like yeah that was terrible green screen um okay one point that you did point out is that guy the guy we were talking about the tech guy yeah he's the one who actually goes through the most amount of character in this film because at first he's clearly the the weakest one of the group and at the end he like when well near the end you think that he's gonna kill himself but he can't bring himself to do it and he kind of has his own like and then he saves them right and you're all like oh sweet and then he gets fudged up by the liquor yeah I would say that the best character in this film was that tech guy you I think he was likable you can clearly see that he was acted well enough that and he was relatable exactly he was relatable and then he has the worst send-off he just dying he gets he literally gets plucked out of the story and that's it oh and then Mila Joan of Jovic Jovic Jovic Mila Mila Jovic for some reason I have this thought that her husband now of Paul WS WS Anderson just keeps on talking to her in the Swedish accent even though he's he's the part of the station of skating he's got the baby he's like all right Mila now have no no facial emotion all right Mila have a deadpan face Mila it's naked scene now look at she's so deadpan we've got this whole movie yeah what do we say she she went from oh like deadpan and confused a deadpan and confused a deadpan and assertive yeah so in your thoughts like I guy said like I thought this was the best one of them and I originally of the originally and now I'm really I'm really on the fence about any of them now like how's this film age to you from when you first saw it well when it first came out I think it was okay yeah the film you could go see and say oh this was based off the video game it's not too bad and it had a great soundtrack from Marilyn Manson yeah like the music is still used yeah I mean there was one guitar riff it sounds cool but you know it's the same thing every time they bring it up so when you hear it it's like that's that riff again but it was pretty good now looking back it's bad it's really it's watchable it's watchable at least with a grain of salt yeah exactly you have to like allow yourself to accept it's that the that the budget and the effects were as awful as so all right I'm gonna be really harsh for this but my rating for this is two out of seven two out of seven yeah I know it's just kind of make me wonder is if this is two out of seven and I thought this was the best one I'm gonna tear the shit out of the next one it's gonna be bad for the record second is my favorite bad probably give us a three that's three yeah okay as a hardcore fan of the franchise there's a lot of set development that they've done to sort of recreate the feeling of some of the scenes from like the video games so I appreciate that but for the average moviegoer it's similar to the warcraft movie if you're just you know you're walking into this movie you're gonna be like what the hell's going on here this doesn't make any sense but if you like the video games you're like you know I can appreciate the way they sit off this one scene so all right guys so that's the first one we've done of our of our oh god it's gonna be seven this is gonna be the build up to the last one the final one thank god it's over but yeah so these will come out periodically before the release of the seventh one which is in january so anyways so see you guys next time


Coming up on DTS the music industry comes for twitch how to keep small businesses alive using tech and Facebook gets into game streaming This is the Daily Tech news for Monday October 26th 2020 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt and from studio Redwood adjacent. I'm Sarah Lane And I'm the shows producer Roger chain Joining us today Brett round Savelle head of merchant operations at local laboratory, and I'd like to think friend of the show Hey Brett, how's it going? Yay BFF of a show. It's great to see you guys. Yeah, it's good to have you back, man We talked about keep Oakland alive comm on the show not too long ago So we're gonna dig in a little more to what that is and what it's attempting to do We were just talking with Brett about the rules of spelling and style guides And our own personal blocks on that you can get that wider conversation on our expanded show Good day internet at patreon.com slash DTS. Let's start with a few tech things. You should know Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey will voluntarily testify before the Senate Judiciary Committee on November 17th to discuss recent content moderation decisions regarding the New York Post story on Hunter Biden's laptop Bloomberg's Mark Gurman and Debbie Woo report that according to sources Apple is working on updates to its AirPod and AirPod Pro Earbuds that have new wireless chips and new designs their sources are saying the standard Air Pods Will look similar to the current pros.  That will be reserved as a pro feature They are planned for a first half 2021 release again according to these sources and the new pros would be designed to fill the Ear with no step. They'd get a total design change as part of Microsoft a planned deprecation of Internet Explorer starting with Edge 87 a list of 1156 sites accessed and IE would automatically open in Edge This includes YouTube Instagram Twitter ESPN eHarmony and GoDaddy though enterprise users will be able to set group policies to disable the forced loading One plus announced two new phones in its mid-range Nord lineup the 349 euro and 10 5g and the 199 euro and 100 the n10 has the snapdragon 690 sock Supports sub 6 gigahertz 5g and comes with a 90 Hertz refresh rate on its screen the n100 the one that cost 199 euros has a snapdragon 460 chip 5000 milliamp hour battery and three rear cameras both of these models have rear fingerprint readers and run Android 10 the n100 comes out November 10th in the UK and Europe with the n 10 arriving later in November and both are set to come to in North America at some point unspecified at this time Twitter began placing messages at the top of a user's feed to preemptively debunk misinformation about voting by mail with plans to Add a similar message about the timing of election results on October 28th Because this won't be a contextual notification alongside a specific tweet with it misinformation Twitter is calling this pre-bunking That's what I see what they did there What a bunch of jokesters. All right, let's talk a little more about Facebook rolling out streaming games To its website and Android app for some but not all US users These streaming games are basically Newer versions of the HTML5 games in fact you're gonna find them in the same place You find their current HTML5 games remember HTML5 games replace the flash base games This is kind of the next generation streaming games that support Facebook login for gaming on their own app can save your Progression between their app and the Facebook streaming version This is cool If you have an app say on iOS for a game that is also available on Facebook game streaming You could save your game between those two platforms the launch games will be free to play and latency Tolerance so these aren't things that need to have really fast action Facebook will take a 30% Commission on all in-app purchases This is part of the platform and as part of the launch Facebook will let users go by a player name and themed avatar Instead of your real name and photo Now your player name is still linked to your real name and photo But you can not have to have your real name showing up in leaderboards and in games and that sort of thing You do have to be logged into a game using Facebook to do that But it'll work both in Facebook games as well as games that support logging in with Facebook Facebook has no plans to roll out cloud gaming to the iOS app because Apple's app store rules Forbid linking out to or using a game streaming service as we've talked about many times on DTS and Facebook points out You can't even link out to a web browser to start a cloud-based game stream So if you're in the Facebook app on iOS, you won't even know these games exists the rollout is limited to California Texas and 10 states across the Northeast and mid-Atlantic as well as Washington DC Because they want to keep them close to Facebook's data centers Which is done usually to reduce latency and improve performance, but these aren't latency sensitive. So that's kind of interesting Yeah, I mean my first reaction was like, okay, this makes sense We know that Facebook has been wanting to lean into gaming a little bit more the fact that the rollout is limited and Facebook saying listen got to be close to our data centers I mean doesn't have Facebook doesn't Facebook have lots of data centers across the world Apparently they're they're in 12 states There's more to it than that but I had to kind of chuckle at that it sounds like yeah limited rollout Let's see if the sticks and then and then you know make it a bigger thing I imagine it's just back in the day was like You know, there were there were lots of games that you could play on Facebook and a lot of that ended up being kind of data you know data issues and Just kind of spammy and that whole thing Facebook obviously has an opportunity as it does with you know lots of other things that have caught on on other platforms to be able to make a dent in this market and This makes a lot of sense to me But it's it seems kind of limited it seems like Facebook is like dip in a toe rather than and making a big splash about this I was also surprised by their lack of splash But what surprised me the most was that they were sticking to their 30% guns like in a world where we're having a lot of high-profile battles over that 30% on the app store It was a real opportunity to come in at like even 25% and be able to suck in all those developers Yeah, I get the sense from this that a lot of people forget that Facebook has games But they're very successful and so Facebook was able to say even though you don't hear about Farmville anymore We got lots of developers who want to make games Let's make it easier for you to use the game you already have and you'll just run it off our server Right, so so bread. I know you've done a bunch of you know web development apps You've you've been involved with a lot of apps Before if Facebook came to you instead instead of creating an HTML5 game for our platform You can take the app you have now and just have it run off our servers would that seems like it would be an easier implementation I mean it really depends on what you're building, right? If what you're building it doesn't need that kind of infrastructure Then all you're asking of the developer is to do more development to move it over to that platform Well, I'm what I'm guessing the pitch is you don't need to do development Just put it on the server and we'll take care of running the servers, right? I could be sure Yeah, I guess my point is there's there's really no such thing as no development. Yeah, that's right. That's fair Yeah, there's always something you have to do even if it even if it's simpler Yeah, I think comparing this to Stadia and stuff I'm sure Facebook would like to get there someday, but this seems like a smarter move for Facebook To say we're not going to get into competition with Project X cloud and Stadia and Nvidia We're going to just upgrade our HTML5 games to say like oh if you've got an Android app You can now launch that instead of having to make an HTML5 version And and they'll build from there and maybe they'll turn into a Stadia someday They say they're not ruling out doing premium games at some point Or not, maybe it'll just continue to be casual games that run on the Facebook platform like they have now Variety obtained a letter sent to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and Twitch CEO Emma Shear by the RIAA SAG-AFTRA, which is a very big entertainment industry union and several other recording industry groups claiming that Twitch has failed to properly License music the letter claims that twitch's new soundtrack tool Which provides a library of tracks from independent labels for streams lacks lacks proper sync and also mechanical licenses the letter also says that twitch let streamers use other music without authorization as Well as not responding or even acknowledging infringement notices that it receives and response twitch says it pays royalties to performing rights Organizations and licenses to labels for the use of music into which projects and productions Maintain soundtrack is personal properly licensed and says it also responds to all valid DMCA notices Yeah, so I mean point one to remember here is music licensing is complex situation There's not a music license you you get a license for a recording you have to also pay a license to the composer of that recording and There's something called the sync license that Sarah mentioned Which is even though I have the right to Stream this song and I've paid for the composition I may not have the right to sync that up in other words using it with other video behind it Which is what you do on twitch right? You're talking on video and music's playing behind you that Technically is sync usually it's meant for movies and stuff, but it's fits the profile So it's not surprising that twitch might have thought they had all their licensing issues covered and The music industry would come in and say well no actually you need to pay for this other type of license as well What I think is really going on here is the music industry is looking at twitch and saying we're not going to ignore you anymore You're a huge organization and the like we turned our attention to streaming services like Spotify a few years ago We're gonna turn our attention to you right now and try to get the best deal out of you possible We're gonna do a full court press pressure on you Yeah, it seems to me that it's would fill pay a little bit of money And everyone will kind of go back to their corners and that will probably be at least the short-term solution to this OLED TVs usually have a pixel per inch measurement Usually on televisions is about a hundred to two hundred PPI Phone displays are usually a little higher because they can afford it's a smaller screen They can afford to beef it up to like four hundred to five hundred Researchers from Stanford and Samsung had developed an OLED display with a density of more than 10,000 pixels per inch this display uses OLED films to emit light Between two reflective services and I'll get back to those reflective surfaces and why you need two of them in a second one of the surfaces though called the metasurface has 80 nanometer high pillars so very very very very small pillars Spaced less than a wavelength of light apart That's a very very small amount of space between them and those pillars are bundled together to make up the pixels of the screen So because those are so very very small Your pixels are only 2.4 microns wide which means you can fit a lot of pixels per inch in a screen Each pixel is also divided into four equal sized sub pixels Which can reflect red green or two of them can do blue So it's it's a pixel, but you can kind of turn on and turn off various parts of it to make it either be blue Red or green RGB right the light reflects back and forth between those two layers I mentioned to increase the luminescence so it kind of amplifies it and makes it more luminous Researchers say the display offers twice the luminescence efficiency of standard OLED displays with a higher color purity And that actually seems to be the big advantage of this technique researchers are saying you could use such high PPI for virtual reality augmented reality headsets To make it better immersion because you're well beyond what the eye can see no more screen door effects Based on their research the theoretical limit for the tech could be as high as 20,000 pixels per inch They think they can get it there although there's a trade-off for brightness as you make that additional density now This is not the only high PPI System out there micro LED Not in practice right now, but theoretically in the labs can also reach 10,000 to 30,000 PPI But the researchers here say we think our system with the little pillars has better color purity If you want to read up on this the findings are detailed in the October 22 issue of the journal science So dumb question, but if you say Yeah, and it will be dumb. I'm sure if you say all right We researchers are working on an OLED display with a density of more than 10,000 PPI If you go to 20,000 that's theoretically possible as well But you've got a trade-off of brightness because you have additional density Wouldn't it be brighter because there are more pixels That is a very good question. I don't know the answer. Yeah, no, and I don't put you on the spot I guess is that even though you still have the reflection in the luminescence Having to cram those in means that you are you're maybe have less power So the so the the the output is not as much at the start It also might be the relative proportion of the space between like the pillars themselves and the actual pixel So you might end up with like more of the space between relative to the actual pixel size of that density This all seems so academic though, like I can't I'm almost 40. I can't even pick out leaves on a tree What do I need 20,000? That's always the thing is like well, I can't see the difference What's what's the point and usually there there are other things you can do and say like ah, but when you see motion blurring That's because we don't have enough pixels and then and you are telling the difference even though you you know Maybe that but that's usually refresh rate stuff I would like to I would like to hear from stuff from folks in the audience who work on this stuff like yes You can't see the difference between 10 and 20,000 pixels per inch But this is what it would be able to do that would let that would bet you would notice Generally with pixel density, you'll notice there's a term called the kel factor and basically what it says is You can sit closer to something for a given resolution the tire The the pixel density is because you do not see if the image seems tighter and sharper but it comes in a resolution that is comfortable for you to see and That could allow you to do an AK display that is effectively in your face and you don't feel too close Yeah, that makes sense. Yeah That's why they want to do it in virtuality and augmented reality Folks if you want to join in the conversation in our discord, maybe you can let us know all about PPI in there Join it by Lincoln to a patreon account at patreon.com slash DTNs Back on September 29th, we did a segment about Technology being used by small businesses to help them through the pandemic Because we talked about how many small businesses have suddenly had to become e-commerce companies Even if they're allowed to be open just not as many people come into the store as there used to be While some have turned to existing offerings like just becoming an Amazon merchant or Shopify has has done some outreach to companies New platforms are also arriving tailored to the needs of small businesses themselves to help them make the transition We mentioned one such effort keep oakland alive comm which aims to connect local consumers with local shops in the Oakland area To do some online shopping Brett Rounseville. You help get this effort started That's why we wanted you to come on the show and talk a little more about it Let's start with tell people what keep Oakland alive is and why you all decided to start it Yeah, the reason the reason it came about was because Happened like the first couple weeks of lockdown I have a two-year-old and a four-year-old and the four-year-old was three at the time So I was like well if I'm gonna be locked in this home with this little girl I'm gonna front load birthday presents So we at least have something to do for who knows how long and so I walked down to the local toy store Adventure toys in Oakland to to pick something up and they were closed obviously because it was locked down I don't know what I was thinking so I just bought some stuff on Amazon and then immediately felt like a jerk and Only kept feeling worse about myself as the weeks wore on and I would walk the dog and see the shops closed with Like steep discounts in their window Everyone trying to figure out where the next sale was going to be and so my north star in all this after talking to hundreds of shops in the Bay Area and trying to figure out where we could help was was just as simple as what if What if there was a store that I could Visit online where I could put in like a light bulb and some clean underwear and a children's book or whatever I need and Buy it all at the same time It all shows up my at my door in the same package in two days Just like I would expect But I knew that all of those items were coming from my local retail stores And I knew that all of the money was staying in my local economy Then it would be my first stop ten times out of ten even if they had a fraction of the inventory I would never think to go to Amazon first Yeah, so so in other words give people the convenience of shopping at Amazon people the reason people use Amazon is I get quick delivery I can find everything I need all in one place But have it be local folks which some people might want to do just out of Alterism but other folks might be wanting to do because they rely on that they're like well, I'm used to going to adventure toys I know they have the stuff I like Yeah, and it's it's a difficult problem right like even while I was building it the a star their new season I was gonna buy a new A's hat if there's one thing. I'm gonna buy locally. It should be an A's hat So I sat down my computer and was like I I don't know where to start like I don't know which URL to type in that is going to connect me to a shop that I will know has an A's hat and To be able to aggregate all those people is a it's it's an it's an enormous undertaking Which I happen to know now Yeah, I mean did what what you've said about the fact that Amazon kind of made you feel bad is like It's not that you didn't get what you wanted there because of course that's where you can get everything But the fact that you saw personally, you know walking by local businesses and people who were running those businesses They care about and you're rooting for Hurting if you I think almost everybody if they knew enough about these sorts of options would say Oh, yeah, of course also support the local business I've just been doing it the other way for so long that I didn't really realize that I had other options So how do you get the word out on something like this? Especially because it's hyper local So somebody like me, I don't live in Alameda County So I can't really participate But how do you get someone like me to get get kind of you know amped up about this so that we can we can Offer similar solutions in other areas Yeah, there's there's a lot of community effort that goes into it I mean one thing that you have to consider is like even if you use the most The most covid tainted numbers you're going to see that like online sales account for maybe 25 to 30% of sales Which means that 70% of sales are happening in stores all the time anyway And so all of the people that shop in a local community Know that those shops exist. So those shops have some sort of contact with those people already They just have to tell them that there is this other additional Easier way to shop with them that other 30% of the time So a lot of it is is kind of this rising tide that lifts all ships effect when it comes to people talking about other people and then the other thing you have to consider is that When you really think about it at scale with these shops working together in some way There there is no advantage that Amazon has outside of pricing They're always going to be the leader on pricing because there's no way that a local Shop is going to reach the kind of scale that they have But when it comes to like customer service like knowing their demographics knowing their communities Providing like a vibrant space for their community members being able to deliver stuff quickly and in good condition There there's nowhere for Amazon to win on that if the shops are doing their part as as well as they can how do you get the shops to sign up because you know if I'm a Merchant that's you know been there for 30 years. I got an omron cash register I'm not hooked up to the internet except maybe on my phone or a browser on the PC in the back You know, how do you get somebody like that to say like here? Let me help you become a part of this online e-commerce situation even if they're desperately wanting to because they have to Yeah, there's a couple tranches of shop owners and it's it's because What makes it complicated is exactly what you're saying There's a lot of you shop owners who own brick-and-mortar stores because they want to own brick-and-mortar stores Not because they want to be online businesses They they either aren't interested in that or aren't interested in technology in general And so for the for the former it's pretty simple. We can write some software They'll like help us use their online store to to create our online store and interact with them and in their own Workflows for the shops. They're not online at all. It's more a function of being able to point to to the advantages of working with the other shops, so everyone knows That brick-and-mortar is broken during the pandemic and everyone knows that when the pandemic is solved No one's going to have a vaccine for Amazon. So it's a given that they have to come up with some other solution So the trick is giving them as low impact of a solution as all as possible when when I was building this I Wanted to make it I mean the goal was to make it completely hands-off for the shop owners The last thing I wanted to do in the middle of a pandemic election year was to give people another channel to manage So for a lot of folks Even the ones they're offline all they have to tell us is yes We would like to be involved and then from there they hand it off to us and we do everything it takes to you do all The management and all that well They do their own inventory management, but we we tap into their inventory management system So enough of them are using some kind of inventory management you could tap into presumably yeah And and there there is like the most hands-on version where it's a shop owner who writes like handwritten receipts And doesn't use a credit card processing system at all And for them it like it does involve filling out a a spreadsheet and then once their spreadsheet is filled out Then we can take over gotcha if if if folks are Looking at this and saying gosh, that's great, but you know what's still more convenient Amazon like You don't have all the shops at one or or or I you know I don't know I don't know if I trust you guys even though, you know There's a lot of trust issues with Amazon. How do you get people to to make this into a habit? I guess Yeah, I think it comes with building that utility that you were talking about so We don't need to be able to solve the problem every single time that Amazon can solve But if we can solve it a given percentage of time more than 50% of the time Then there's a reason to stop at your local shops first And if we can rewire that part in your brain then every single step we make towards having greater utility Is just going to solve that problem more often when you come and I think that's key I think I think really like people want to support their communities Their shop owners keep their communities vibrant. It's just a matter of making it as easy as possible for them Well, and how cool if anyone It gets familiar with keep Oakland alive and ends up loving a store and what their offerings are and Maybe has never visited the store even if they were a neighbor and now can do well We'll be able to do that safely in the future. That is such a win for you know that the local the local folks Yeah, absolutely. I mean that's even happened with me just in in building this system I've discovered shops that I didn't know that I've shopped at dozens of times in the last couple months So How do you get this beyond Oakland? I want to finish on that question like it If you get if you get this working for Oakland great Is it does it scale? Can you move it to Berkeley and Forestville and Portland and beyond? Yeah, that's the hope. I Don't see any reason why we couldn't we're pretty focused on the holiday season in Oakland but Yeah, reach out if you're interested All right, there you go folks Well then let's check out the mailbag. Oh, let's do it Adam from still sunny San Diego Yes, Adam you are among friends Says I feel like not enough attention is being paid to the possibility that the iPhone 12 could ruin any cards with a magnetic strip Am I the only one who thinks this is a ticking time bomb to angry customers in a month or two when their cards? Their hotel keys their licenses get messed up Mag gate anyone in case there's not a magnetically shielded Will will be a risk it Any case that's not magnetically shielded will be a risk depending on how they're situated near the phone If the magnet is strong enough I went to an Apple store via appointment today And the rep said he couldn't answer if it was safe to put a credit card next to the 12 or not Why how do they not know? Support documents for Apple state that users should remove wallet accessories before connecting to the MagSafe charger The phone doesn't seem to be as much of a problem. It's the charger citing potential risk of damage to magnetic strips or RFID chips So they're more worried about hotel key cards Honestly, then they are credit cards first of all credit card magnetic strips are a little tougher and secondly Most credit card readers are using the chip not the magnetic strip these days Apple's own magnetic wallet accessory Has some protection on it so when it's on the phone you can stick your credit cards in it But they still say that you shouldn't stick the accessory to the cards But yeah, it's something we've had to deal with for a long time Is that you don't want your phone next to your hotel card or your credit card because it might wipe off the strip And it has for me over many years I've gotten really used to putting them into very two different places So yeah, no valid question Adam and thanks for the email also Thanks to everybody who emails us whether they're questions or comments something on your mind You got a cat photo. I know I ask for it every once a once a quarter So feedback at daily tech news show comm is where to send those emails Also shout out to patrons at our master and our grandmaster levels including Andrew Bradley Ken Hayes and Brad Also, thanks to Brett roundsville. So nice to have you on the show telling us about keep Oakland alive We know you're very busy. Let folks know where they can keep up with your work Yeah, you can reach out to me a Brett at keep open the live comm or you can follow me on Twitter as am checker am tre KK er do that and reach out if you want to keep Berkeley alive or or if you're an iOS developer or a front-end developer very good very good good to know Hey folks. Oh, yes No, I said there you go. You got you know, they're hiring Would you like a DTNS hat hoodie or mouse pad? We even have masks you can find all that more at the DTNS store daily tech news show comm Slash store and always support the show at daily tech news show comm slash patreon We are live Monday through Friday for 30 p.m. Eastern 20 30 UTC We'd love to have you join us if you can you can find out more at daily tech news show comm slash live We will be back tomorrow with Charlotte Henry This show is part of the frog pants network get more at frog pants calm