السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته أمي أخيك ورحمة الله وبركاته أردت في المدينة الكربلة المدينة الإمام الحسينة عليه السلام أردت في المدينة وفي يوم صادق سلام الله عليه وسلم قال كربلا روضة من رياض الجنة أن هذا المدينة here كربلا هي المدينة في المدينة في كربلا there are many places there are many holy pilgrimage sites in which the zwar come millions and millions every year and visit behind me right now is the holy maqam of Imam Al-Mahdi المنطل العجر الله فرجو الشريف and here we are today we're going to give our dear viewers background into this holy maqam we're going to tell our dear viewers and we're going to go walk inside the maqam now إن شاء الله and we will tell them about the history of the maqam the structure, the year and how old technically speaking the maqam is now إن شاء الله if my dear viewers can follow me we will go and enter the maqam now إن شاء الله as you can see we were outside the maqam and here we are now in the holy maqam of Imam Al-Mahdi عجر الله فرجو الشريف in karpلا every piece every maqam paints us a picture of karpلا in this maqam here we see that Imam Al-Mahdi عجر الله فرجو الشريف came to this maqam it was dangerous on his life you see Imam Al-Mahdi was in his غيب الكبرى his major occultation and then a wasb in the enemies بحل البيت صلى الله عليه وسلم wanted to kill the Imam so the Imam coming in this location at this time is very dangerous on his life Imam Al-Mahdi روح له الفضا we can say that the Imam عجر الله فرجو الشريف came to karpلا to visit his great grandfather حسين بس بيابانن it is narrated by سيد بحر العلوم that on the day of ashura he witness Imam Al-Mahdi عجر الله فرجو الشريف outside during the عزاء طويريج the Imam was no turban on his head with no shoes ran with the with the azadar's Imam has this amazing connection this amazing link with his grandfather Imam Al-Mahdi he says he says that I will cry for you oh my master instead of tears tears of blood this is the Imam of our time this maqam as you can see we are about 700 meters that way we go to the Ha'ar of Imam Al-Hussain we are about 700 meters away from the Ha'ar of Imam Al-Hussain and the closest street we have here is and along running under this maqam is a نهر الحسيني which is a stem from the river of نهر الفرات which can be said or narrated somewhere here this area came to grab water for the children now when it comes to history or when it comes to telling you about how old this maqam is from the research done there is a book in this book he narrates basically the history of this holy ground he concludes that this ground from today's age till this ground what he did in his research is about 150 to 200 years old he narrates a couple of books from the historians and from the he narrates he narrates a couple of books from the historians and from the مقدرين of book of mazar of pilgrimage sites and he comes to a conclusion that he must have recorded in his books for example he gives an example from ألعام المرزن نوري in his book page 139 ألعام النوري he records in but he does not mention this maqam specifically in the book of mazarat which we can say that this mazar can be around younger not older furthermore he has a book a manuscript I'm not sure if the book itself is published or not in this book he narrates the incident of this maqam as you can see here this area right here is where this man مهدي عجر الله تعالى فرجه الشريف so the zuwar comes millions and millions of zuwar come here pay their respects to their imam and they give their salutations to their imam and pray a two unit prayer of ziyara this man narrates he says two people from the residence of karbala narrated a hadith from a man who narrated it from his father they say they saw a scholar an alem every day remember you have to imagine there was no building here no concrete, no cement just imagine this area here as mud and imagine it as palm trees around us behind us we will take you after insha'Allah behind and we will show you that the area itself used to be full of palm trees and gardens this man was seen here in this area praying this man came to him and he told him يا عالم the thing is we don't have the name of the alem what is the reason that every day I see you come to this area right here and you pray يا عالم told him do I take me talk from you do I trust you in your words if I tell you would you promise to believe me the man said yes I promise to believe you so the alem told them this alem told them I saw with my eyes مولايا صاحب العصري والزمان standing here this big place became a place of history and this was about the year we can say about the year 1352 1360 about the year in which this man was seen here praying and from that day on the lovers of Abdullah Hussein the servants began to build this place as you see now now insha'Allah we're soon going to go outside and we're going to go behind the maqam to give you sort of a history of how many times this place has been built and how many times it's been reconstructed from the ground remember like I said when you look at me here in the camera you see a shabbat made of metal of gold plate 200 years ago there was no shabbat here it was merely a ground where this pious scholar this pious man and this place became a place where millions of zawar especially in شهر شعبان شهر نصف من شعبار 15 of sharban they called the Ziyara Shabbania where in all the lovers of Imam al-Mehdi come and they pay their respects here they send their salams they read dua'a al-faraj and they enter now with me dear viewers we will read dua'a al-faraj we will read dua'a al-faraj together that our Imam insha'Allah will hasten his reappearance now with me insha'Allah بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم اللهم كل وليك الحجة ابن الحسن صلواتك عليه وعلى آبائب في هذه الساعة وفي كل الساعة وليا وحافظة وقائدا وناصرة ودليلا وعينة حتى تسكنه كا طوعا وتمتعه فيها طويلا برحمتك يا أرحمار رحمين وصلى الله على محمد والبيتي الطيبين الطاهرين اللهم صلواتك اللهم بسم الله الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن الرحيم يوم الدين ياك نعمد وياك نستين ونقافلنا وضعنا وراءنا والتحديث بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وعليكم كما يردتم نعمد وعليكم ونقافلنا ونصر بك ونقافلنا ونقافلنا ونقافلنا ونقافلنا و ماكني باقي ضرورة. أعلى أيضا، يوضعو بوبيات أيها في هذا المكان. وهي تكون باقي ضرورين و ماكنين و الفاهمورين. نحن نتفعل لنرى أن نتتحدث عن التلقى برنامج. أول أمر نتحدث عنه هو التلقى برنامج. الحجي فاض العباس الكشوان. إنه one of the thickats of Karbala and he witnessed a lot of what happened in Karbala He says that this structure here, the Muqam as you see right now started off as merely being woven pieces of wood and palm trees for cover That's the first construction The second construction, the compiler of the book المقام المام مهدي في Karbala says there was a piece of poetry written by السيد مهدي الرضي الأعراجي This piece of poetry helps us trace the date of the Muqam In the year 1347 after Hijra This piece of poetry also tells us the person who first constructed the Muqam in terms of brick and cement In the poetry he says سعى جعفر في بناء المقام فسامى السماء بأقطابها جعفر جايف in building this Muqam his work pleased the inhabitants of heaven مقام غدا مقام غدا للورا كعبة فما يحبط الروح إلا بها A building wherein later will be a Ka'ba for the lovers, for the believers for the souls to ascend for it فإنجئته فاستلم بابه وخديك عفرة باعتابها If you arrive at the Muqam ستقوم بطالب دور ونضع your cheek on its earth تمسك بها فهي باب الرجاء وباب النجاة لطالبها He says, hold on to it for it's the door of request of Hijat is in this Muqam The door of salvation to one who asks for it And then he says وَلِلْ إِذِنْ قُفْ أَرْخُواْ طَالِبَنْ فَجِبْرِيلُ مِنْ بَعْضِيْ أَبْوَابِهَ For permission, stand sincere head bent down and ask because Jibril is one of its doors This is the second construction The third construction occurred in the year 1378 by Al-Hajj Hamza Al-Khalil which was also recorded in history by poetry That's the third time it was constructed The fourth construction happened in the year 1391 The Muqam as you see right now was rehabilitated and about 2,000 meters squared of land was given And this was by Muhsin Hamid Al-Mulla Al-Wazni Al-Khafaji And this occurred also recorded in Karbala Fattariq The problem is after he finished constructing the Muqam the Saddam Regime بالانتفاضة الشعبانية in 1991 1411 after Hijra The Ba'athir Regime of Saddam عامت الله يعالية came and destroyed the Muqam and left nothing in the Muqam but ruins but a small room that is a war come Now the last and final construction of this Muqam happened by a man named Abbas Saleh who was one of the residents of Karbala He came here and he rehabilitated the Muqam and built it as you see today And at the end on the year 1424 after Hijra The Marja'iyah took responsibility for the Muqam And since that day on the Marja'iyah has taken responsibility for this Muqam Of course for it being a post reminding us The enemies of Ahl al-Biat will keep on trying and trying to destroy it And more than once the Muqam was attacked by the Wahhabi terrorists to destroy it And it's not the first time Karbala itself through the history from the time of Banu Abbas till now has been succumbed to many attacks So Alhamdulillah that we have this Muqam behind this year And Alhamdulillah Every year Millions of Zouwar in the time of 40 Millions of Zouwar in the time of Ziyara Sha'abani They come and they visit And here we are Today standing in Karbala We raise our hands in prayer And we pray to all those out there to be granted the Ziyara of the Muqam of Sahab Al-Asri And peace be upon you And the mercy of Allah And his blessings


Meet the Nigerian woman who became a general in the U.S. Army. The United States Army has elevated a Nigerian woman from Lieutenant Colonel to Brigadier General. Serving at a military installation in Fort Knox, Kentucky, is Amanda Azubuque. She enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1994 and graduated from the Army Aviation Officer Basic Course to become an aviator. A Brigadier General is a one-star general officer in the U.S. Armed Forces who ranks below a Major General and above a Colonel. General James Rainey, commander of the U.S. Army Futures Command, praised Azubuque for her strong leadership qualities and said that she makes everyone around her better. Born in London, United Kingdom to a Nigerian father and a Zimbabwean mother, Amanda Azubuque joined the U.S. Army in 1994 and became an aviator after passing the Army Aviation Officer Basic Course. Out of the total population of 1.2 million men and women of the U.S. Army, only 300 made it to the high-ranking positions of which she was meritoriously among. Hello there, thanks for sticking with Africa Reloaded. Stay with us to discover how this woman got to the top in this field dominated by men. Remember to like and subscribe as we ride on. Azubuque was promoted from Lieutenant Colonel to Brigadier General of the U.S. Army at a military base in Fort Knox, Kentucky, USA. She spent 11 years in the aviation industry before continuing her career in the Army as a Public Affairs and Relations Officer. Azubuque previously held the position of Chief of Staff, Senior Military Advisor at the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and is currently a Deputy Commanding Officer at the U.S. Army Cadet Command. She also held the positions of Director of Public Affairs at the Joint Force HQ's National Capital Region, Military District of Washington, and Chief of Public Affairs at the United States Southern Command, Fort Lauderdale Area. She also worked in public relations for the Washington Redskins, an NFL team, and as a communications consultant for the National Football League Players Association. In addition to her military training, General Azubuque holds a Master of Arts in National Security and Strategic Studies from the United States Army War College and a Master of Professional Studies in Public Relations Corporate Communications from Georgetown University. She also holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mass Communication Media Studies from the University of Central Arkansas. Amanda Azubuque began her career in the 924th Aviation Support Battalion at Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia, where she served as a platoon leader after graduating from flight school in 1995 as a Luft-1 pilot. She worked for the aviation company, multinational force, and observers in the Sinai, Egypt, first as the Flight Operations Officer, and then as the platoon leader. She served in South Korea as an Operations Officer and RC-12 pilot with the 3rd Military Intelligence Battalion, Aerial Exploitation, after completing the Fixed Wing Multi-Engine Qualification Course and Military Intelligence Captain's Career Course. She was assigned to Fort Jackson, South Carolina, as the commander of Alpha Company, Victory Brigade. She was assigned to the Coalition Forces Land Component Command in Kuwait from July 2005 through June 2006, where she served as a Public Affairs Operations Officer. Amanda was assigned to the U.S. Army Central Command's headquarters at Fort McPherson, Georgia. Azubuque served as the Chief of Media Relations and Public Affairs Operations Officer with the U.S. Army Central Command's headquarters at Fort McPherson, Georgia. In the Community Outreach Division of the Pentagon's Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, Amanda was given a job. As the Public Affairs Director for the 3rd Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia, Amanda was a student at the U.S. Army War College. She deployed to Begram, Afghanistan, with the division headquarters. As the Joint Force Headquarters Military District of Washington's Public Relations Director, Amanda was posted to Fort McNair in Washington, D.C., where she oversaw the Joint Public Affairs Team that assisted in the 58th Presidential Inauguration. She worked as the U.S. Southern Command Headquarters Chief of Public Affairs in Dural, Florida. Azubuque served as the Chief of Staff and Senior Military Assistant to the Principal Deputy in the Office of the Secretary of Defense at the Pentagon. The Army Aviator Badge, Air Assault Badge, and Parachutist Badge have all been acquired by Amanda. The Defense Superior Service Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Army Commendation Medal with three bronze oak leaf clusters, Army Achievement Medal with silver oak leaf cluster, and Joint Service Commendation Medal are just a few of the honors and decorations she has received. It is often said that determination is a major key to success. This assertion has been proven by Amanda Azubuque as she was determined in her career and became the first woman from Nigeria to climb the ladder of huge success and becoming a Brigadier General in the U.S. Army even before being granted citizenship.


Man, hold up. Man, hold up. So 20th Century Fox just dropped the new trailer for X-Man Apocalypse, both of his theaters, next Memorial Day 2016. This trailer was amazing. Let's talk about it. My name is Brandon Keith-Avery and this is just my opinion. So I love the way this trailer started off. It's interesting because 20th Century Fox has, well, I'm sure they have a lot of YouTube channels, but I'm subscribed to the one in the States and the UK. And both trailers are different. The one here in the States did not show the dream sequence of Jean when she was dreaming that the world was over, but the UK trailer showed that and that's the one that I saw first and I loved it. Usually trailers start off really slow and then they build up to the middle, to the climax at the end, but this one just started out with flashes of greatness and then we cut to Jean in the bed with Charles standing over her and she's panicking and nervous saying, oh my gosh, I saw the future. The world is gonna end and Xavier just like, no, it's just a dream and I love every moment of that. That was fantastic. It was a great way to start the trailer. I loved absolutely everything about this trailer. This trailer was fantastic. I remember when the X-Men Days of Future Past trailer first came out, I wasn't a fan of it. It wasn't like the last trailer to where I was actually on board for that film, but oh my gosh, I cannot wait to see this movie. I'm more excited for this movie than I am now about Batman v Superman, possibly because of that whack trailer they showed us last week, spoiling everything, but this is almost at the level of Captain America Civil War and that just makes me happy. All the characters in this film look great. We get to see Jean Grey. We get to see Archangel. He looks like a badass, throwing those shards out of his wings. We get to see Nightcrawler and when they first released the Stills of Nightcrawler, I did not like how it looked. I just thought it looked ridiculous, but seeing him actually on screen with the effects mostly done, I'm sure with all the cinematography and whatnot, he looked fantastic. We get to see a young Storm, a young Jubilee. She looked great. I hope that she has a pivotal role in this. Everyone looks badass. And I really like the way they're going with the story. It looks like more of my target. She knows a lot about Apocalypse and the Four Horsemen that went back into tens of thousands of years ago. I was kind of wondering, I'm like, how do you know so much about this and have all these files? But I'm sure the film will tell us that when it comes out and Bryan Singer has a plan, of course they're not going to ruin everything like in the trailers, like they did with Batman V Superman. So I'm excited about that in the story. And what I like and I'll be honest, initially in the trailer, I did not like Apocalypse voice, but towards the end, it did seem very sinister and dark and epic. But at first, even though I didn't like his voice initially, I liked his lines of dialogue where he's saying people have called me Ryze and Krishna and Yahweh. And I love that. I mean, I also love, it looks like all the X-Men were scattered apart in different parts of the country or the world. You know, they had some fallout or something like this, because this takes place 10 years after Days of Future Past. So I think 1983 to be exact, but I could be wrong. But it looks like they're scattered around and they have to come together and assemble and fight to take on Apocalypse and the Four Horsemen. Because we get to see Mystique, Jennifer Lawrence saying, Hey, you know, I'm here to fight. So I'm like, it's not like they had a team or something. I mean, look like they're coming together for the greater good. And I just cannot wait to see that something else that irked me when the stills first came out of Apocalypse was I didn't like his face. They didn't really show it too well. And this trailer, unless you kind of paused it instead at the screen. But something that bothered me is when I know, when I remember Apocalypse, he was like a tall giant or could grow his height. And they actually put that in the trailer. They didn't put too much, but I was like, yes, we're going to get a giant Apocalypse. And I just love at the end where Apocalypse is like, everything in the world will fall. And I will build a new one from it. Yes. Yes. Yes. Give me more of that. I cannot wait. This trailer looks amazing. This movie looks epic. It's about to go down. So guys, that is just my opinion for the new X-Men Apocalypse trailer. Have you seen it? If not, get on it. I put a link in the description box. It's about to go down. I cannot wait to see this. So what do you think? Do you want to see this? Have I turned you off? Have I turned you on? Do you agree with me? Or do you disagree with me? Let me know in the comment section below. Let's get this conversation going and keep it flowing. If you liked this video, go ahead and give me the thumbs up. And if you didn't like the video, that's fine. Just let me know why in the comment section below and still give me the thumbs up. Go ahead and subscribe to the YouTube channel so you can get all the content that I have to provide in the past and in the future and look at your bottom of your screen. You can find out where my website is, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, all that good stuff. And share the video. I'm not going to get mad if you share the video. But guys, thank you for tuning in. And before you go, my name is Brandon Keith Avery. And that's just my opinion. Peace.


In a bid to bring about security stability in the country, formations and units of the Nigerian Army must work in synergy to tackle and security challenges in troubled areas across the country. The outgoing general officer command in one division of the Nigerian Army, Major General Taurid Lagbaja stated this at the handing over to a new GOC of one division in Kaduna, North West Nigeria. General Lagbaja, who charged officers and soldiers of the division to support the incoming GOC, noted that there is still more to be done in bringing about lasting peace and security in the state and the nation at large. All the officers and the troops of one division for how you have worked so tirelessly in the past eight months to quickly bring stability to the division area of operational responsibility. I want to especially salute the spirit of our colleagues that have had to pay the Supreme Prize in our sojourn to bring peace to Kaduna, Nigeria and other parts of it. And join you when you work, continue to work very hard and extend the same level of cooperation to the incoming general officer command. I believe together we can bring lasting peace to the one division and even the nation in general. No doubt that the Nigerian Army is competent and we are in to go as the general officer command to continue along the trajectory of bringing lasting stability to this area. Congratulations. Now, the new GOC Major General Olufemi Akinjo Biho was full of praise for his predecessor, said the Army can only retreat in defending the integrity of the nation. It's indeed a privilege for me and coming from the Army headquarters, I have a good understanding of where we are in one division. The success is also the success of all of us sitting here and indeed our troops in the field and they were worked very hard to see to where we are today. We can only afford to move forward and I want to assure you that from Army headquarters you'll be hearing good report from you and I. I want to say that we wish him the very best. Thank you for your patience.


Hello everyone, welcome back to dentistry and more we are continuing our stainless steel topic. So last session we completed various forms of stainless steel then the properties such as passivating effect, sensitization and stabilization. So this session is about soldering, welding, flex, antiflex and brazing. So these are few shock knots being frequently asked for university exam. So we will start with soldering. So soldering is nothing but a process of joining metals by use of a filler metal. So the filler metal will be usually having less fusion temperature than the metals being joined. Okay so if this has 450 degree Celsius fusion temperature the filler will be definitely having less than 450 and soldering is always done at less than 450 degree Celsius. But sometimes we need to go for a temperature more than 450 degree Celsius which is known as brazing. So the procedure where the fusion temperature of the filler metal is greater than 450 which is known as brazing. So soldering and brazing basically the same procedure but the difference in the fusion temperatures of the intermediary metals. So this is the intermediary metal. So basically it is one or more of the same procedure but only difference is the temperature of the metal being used for joining these two metal parts. So soldering involves the flow of the molten filler metal due to the capillary attraction between these two metallic parts. So dental solders, so we are moving on to the dental solders. Dental solders are alloy that are used in intermediary or a filler metal to join two or more metallic parts used in dentistry. They should have many ideal requisites such as it should have excellent tarnish and corrosion resistant in the oral environment then the fusion temperature should be at least 50 degree to 100 degree lesser than that of the metals being joined then it should have free flowing and it should have adequately wetting properties and also the strength should be the strength of this metal should be equal to the parent metals. That is the metal actually we are trying to join and the color also should be matching with the parent metals. So most dental solders are composed of gold, silver, copper, zinc, tin and nickel. So copper gives a yellow appearance. So substitution by nickel gives a more whiter color to the solder. Now we are moving to the flex. So soldering and bracing is done. Now we are moving to flex. So flex is nothing but flow to flow, it is a Latin word. So any good solder depends on how well the dental solder flows over the parts to be joined. If this is the metal we are joining and we are keeping a solder here. So how well this flows towards the metal being joined? So dental solders do not adequately flow or wet metallic parts because of the presence of an oxide layer. So there will be an oxide layer over the metal parts being joined. So this flex, so we are going to add a flex and the function of this flex is to remove the oxidized layer. So there will be oxidized layer. So this flex will be added and it will remove the oxidized layer which is present over the metals so that the solder metal will be flowing easily over the two metals being joined. So it increases the wettability, it increases the flow of the solder. That is the basic idea of flex. And also it removes the impurities and it prevents oxidation of the metals and also significantly reduces the melting point of the dental solder. So the commonly used flex in dentistry are one is Borax, Borax glass is one commonly used but it is used at 55 percentage then boric acid and silica. Boric acid is used at 35 percentage and we have silica. Silica is used around at 10 percentage and also we have fluoride flexes which containing boric acid and potassium fluoride in one is to one ratio. So that is all about flex. It is nothing but to help the solder to easily flow over the metals. So it increases the wettability and reduces the fusion temperature of the solder. Now let us move on to the antiflex. This is a material which is used to confine the flow of the molten solder over the metals being joined. The function is to confine the flow. It is doing the opposite of flex that is why it is known as antiflex. So the commonly used antiflexes are one is lead pencil then we have graphite lead pencil markings should mark using lead pencil then graphite, graphite lines and iron roguet. These are the antiflex it is to confine the flow how much should it flow over the metals. So that is antiflex. So we learned about soldering that was the first part soldering and flex and antiflex. So we have two types of soldering one is investment type. One is investment soldering and the second one is free hand soldering. The name itself gives a clue. Hand soldering is carried out whenever the area of contact between the metallic parts being joined is large. So we have two metal parts and the area is too large we need to keep an investment between this. So the procedure involves embedding of the metallic parts in an investment. So we keep it on investment and it will be joined. So investment soldering will be having an investment over which we keep this we embed this metallic parts and do the soldering whereas the free hand soldering is the most commonly used in the industry where it is without any investment just keep the two metallic parts together after adequate stabilization and do the soldering. Then we move on to the steps of soldering. So the fundamental difference between investment and free hand free hand is it will be more closer. So this will be more closer we don't need to put an investment between these. Investment is when there is a huge gap or the gap is more between the metals. So what are the steps in soldering? The first one is cleaning the surface. First we need to clean then assemble the parts to be joined then select the right solder and flex then selection of a proper joint then application of flex heating and introduction of solder and finally quenching. So the only part which is little confusing is the last part that is quenching. Quenching is the final step. It is the assembly is immediately quenched in water so as to limit the spread of heat so it is just dipping into water and finishing the process of soldering. So basically the solder is used to join the parts of the surrounding appliances and also to tighten the attachment to bands. Now we move on to the last part that is welding. So soldering we finished now we are into welding. Soldering is the same procedure that is two metal parts are being joined but without the addition of another metal. So only two metal parts there is no introduction of intermediary metal or solder. So the same A and B or two metals are being joined. So how does it possible? So these are heated to high enough temperature so that they join together by melting and flowing. So we will keep on heating and these two will be joined by the melting and flowing without any extra solder or extra intermediary metal that is welding. So we have cold welding and hot welding. Cold welding is done by hammering or pressure. An example of cold welding is the gold foil filling. So gold foil filling is just by hammering so it will be joined. Whereas the hot welding is using the heat of sufficient intensity to melt the metals. So we apply heat here and it will be joined. So heat source is usually an oxyacetylene flame or high electricity that is hot welding and cold welding. So basically two methods are followed one is fusion welding and pressure welding. So fusion and pressure. Fusion welding when where the parts are melted and joined but without pressure that is gas and laser whereas pressure welding where the parts are heated and then applying pressure but there is no melting okay no melting here. Such as spot welding. So spot welding is an example of pressure welding and fusion welding, gas welding and laser welding. So we can classify this welding into spot welding. We already learned pressure welding, laser welding. So spot welding the two clean metal surfaces to be welded are placed together under pressure then two ends of wire or band to be welded are placed between two copper electrodes of welder and pressed together. When switch is pressed large current passes through the wires and there will be combined heat and pressure which fuses the metal pieces at that point okay. So that is spot welding whereas the pressure welding this is known as cold welding and does not require heat. We seen in case of gold foil and laser welding is nothing but by using lasers. So what are the application of this spot welding mainly to weld the stainless steel strip for making bands then secure the attachment to the bands and attaching spring to a rigid bow wire or to bands. So these are the importance of spot welding and also all other weldings are used less frequently in dentistry. So we finished the soldering, welding, flex and antiflex so in this session. So stainless steel there are lots of question will be asked. So we have learned about the first one was our types of steel then the properties sensitization, stabilization, passivating effect then we have soldering, welding then we have flex, antiflex all our shock notes various shock notes been frequently asked in this chapter. So I am winding up stainless steel and lastly guys we have started channel membership in dentistry and more channel. So you can explore various exclusives for the channel members. So you can explore various options by clicking on the join button adjacent to subscribe button. So we have options of personal whatsapp help. So you can ask any doubts you will get answered through whatsapp text messages or voice messages and we have one more option that is the pdf notes will be available. But as of now we have only the public health and dentistry topic. The more topics will be uploaded soon and the last option is one to one interaction session. 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Okay, so I'm just going to introduce our speaker today. We have Dr. Kara Booker from the Institute for Economic and Social Research. No, I'm reading the wrong thing. It's the Institute for Social and Economic Research. And she's going to introduce the youth and young adult data in the Understanding Society. So I'm going to hand over now to Kara. Thank you and thank you all for joining us today. So as was mentioned, I'm going to describe to you what's in these two different questionnaires and modules. And so briefly, my outline is to give you an introduction of the two samples, give you a description of the questions that are found in each of them, and then the questions that are commonly found in both of the youth sample and the module, a little bit about where to find the data documentation, how to access the data, and then give you an example of what can be done using this data. And then we'll have a little bit of discussion. So the youth questionnaire is given to all 10 to 15-year-olds in the household. They're invited to take this pen and paper questionnaire. They are given, they give verbal consent as well as their parents or the responsible adult. There is an attempt to have the youth complete the questionnaire either in the separate room from their parents who are also completing their own or in the same room but separately and giving the youth as much privacy as possible. And there are some questions that are asked annually and other questions that are asked on a rotating basis, and I will be indicating how that's done later on. So currently we have seven ways of data available through the UK Data Service, and here is just a table that shows you how many 10 to 15-year-olds participated in each wave, the percentage of mail across all of the waves, and the breakdown by age 10 to 15 in each of the waves. And you can see that pretty consistently there's about 16 to 17 percent sometimes it goes up and sometimes it goes down, but it's pretty consistent across all waves. The Young Adult Module is a sample of 16 to 21-year-olds who are included in the adult questionnaire and receive additional questions. This module was first implemented in Wave 2, and in Wave 2 the questions were included in the main face-to-face portion of the questionnaire. However, in Wave 3 most of the questions are included as part of the self-completion part of the questionnaire, and there are still a few questions that are included in the face-to-face that are just given to 16 and 21-year-olds. The Youth Young Adult Module was aimed to ask questions that were relevant to these young adults in the stage of their lives. So some of the questions are included in the youth questionnaire and then brought up to this age, and some of them are specific for what this age group is going through. Again, some of the questions are asked annually, and others are asked on a rotating basis, and I will be indicating that. And here is a table of the Young Adult sample from Wave 2 through 7. Again, the breakdown by gender and age shows you how it goes across the waves. Just a quick note about both of these tables. The percentages are weighted percentages, and the numbers are actually raw numbers. If you have any questions about how many individuals are in the take part in numbers of waves, I can give that to you afterwards. Next, I'm going to talk about the youth questionnaire and questions that are only included in the youth questionnaire. So these are not included in the Young Adult Module. Next to the questions, I put wave numbers, and this indicates in which wave these questions are asked. If there are no wave numbers next to the question, that means that they're asked in every wave, and I'll give an example in the next slide. And I tried to place these into themes so you kind of get an idea of the broad categories of questions that are asked. So of course, first, we ask about demographics. And so as I was saying, gender and age are asked at every wave. However, religion and ethnicity are only asked in the odd number waves. Our next category is school. And under here, we ask students, or sorry, young people, how often they play truant, how often they misbehave, how often others misbehave, how they get to school.  And if they do, how often, how many evenings during the school term, how many hours a week do they spend doing homework, how many hours during the weekend do they spend doing homework, and if they get helped doing their homework. And if they do, from whom? And this can be parents, siblings, grandparents, anybody in the house, other people. And again, there are questions here that are asked every way. For example, the truancy question, and then there are questions that are asked in alternate waves. Our next group is educational attainment aspirations. And these questions ask about the importance of doing well or what they would like to do once they hit 16 or when they go to college and university. And the last two questions, I believe, are open-ended. And these are asked at every wave. Next, we have civic engagement, cultural leisure activities. So these are asked in even waves. And they just ask whether they are, how often do they go to any of the following or participate in any of the following activities. And these responses range from most days to almost never. So for example, they'll ask how often do they watch live sports, and then they can answer accordingly. The next section is culture. And this is basically, except for one question about, or for a couple questions about books and other cultural events. So they ask about the number of books that they've read in the past month. And that's an open-ended. They can write in the number. And then how often do they do the following things, discussing books or TV programs, whether they're parents or other adults buy them books or take them to museums or sporting events or theater, dance performance or classical music. And again, these questions are asked on even years. The next group of questions covers technology use. So they're asked, youth are asked whether there is a computer at home. And if there is, do they use that computer to connect to the Internet or to play games? Do they have a games console at home? And then if they do, how many hours they play on a normal school day? If they play multiplayer games online, and then how many hours are spent watching television and whether they own a mobile phone? And just for clarification, the television question on a school day is asked at every year, at every wave. And the question about weekend watching is only asked on even waves. OK. The next group of questions asks about food consumption. The number of portions of fruits and vegetables consumed per day.  And as you can see, for example, the fresh fruit and vegetable questions, they kind of changed pattern. Most of the questions will either be asked in even waves or odd waves. And this one was asked in the first wave and then goes to even waves. And this could be due to space issues in the questionnaire or to match questions that are asked of the adults, so that you can look at consumption within families. Or as they get older, it will match with their being asked when they turn 16 to 21. Our next set of questions asks about body image and general health. So they're asked about self-reported height and weight and what their body perceptions are. So they're given a figure and ask what their current body perception is. And this goes from a skinny figure to a heavier weight figure. And they're also asked whether they ever diet or try to lose weight. And the general health question is just a, in general, how would you say your health is? And the responses range from excellent to poor. And these are given in even wave data collections. Next, we have alcohol consumption. So we ask about friends who drink regularly, whether the youth regularly drinks, whether they drink one or two drinks nearly every day, four or five drinks, either nearly every day or nearly every weekend, whether they've ever been drunk. And this is whether they've ever been drunk in their lifetime or whether they've ever been drunk in the past year. So these are two different questions. Again, there's different patterns to these questions. So some are asked in even years and some are asked in odd years. We also ask about drug use and we ask about how difficult they think it would be to get cannabis and how harmful they believe certain drug or substance use behaviors are to them. So for example, how harmful they believe smoking occasionally is or drinking five or more drinks each weekend, trying X to C, taking amphetamines regularly. And for all of these harm questions, responses are four items. And there is a don't know column. It's no risk, slight risk, moderate risk, or great risk. There are other alcohol and drug questions, but I will be talking about those later. Next, we have sports participation. So youth are asked how often they play sports through aerobics or some other activity to keep fit in wave one. And then it's switched to even waves. And additionally in the even waves, they're asked about the type of exercise they do. And these are all of the different types and they can check all that apply for the types of exercise that they do. The next category is the well-being category. So every year they are asked about their happiness with different aspects in life. And this is on a zero to six scale. And they're asked about whether they are very happy or too very unhappy about these six different areas. In the odd years, they are also given the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, the SDQ, which is a questionnaire that looks at difficulties. It can be sub-scaled into internalizing and externalizing difficulties. The next set of questions started in wave three and then continue in odd wave years. Questions regarding money and paid work. So what do they usually do with your money? And this is any money, money that's given to them, money that they earn. And then they are asked whether they did any paid work in the last week, how many hours and to estimate or give their total pay. And then there are questions surrounding caring. So whether they look after anyone who lives in the household on a regular basis. And if yes, who that is and they can indicate whether it's a parent, a sibling, grandparents, etc. How many hours per week they care for that person, again open-ended. And whether they miss school in order to care. And finally, we have some questions that I kind of have sub-categories, but I couldn't really fit them into necessarily their own themes. And this is whether they receive help with housework, whether they have a steady boyfriend or girlfriend. And the response to that is just yes or no. Whether they participate in any antisocial or criminal behavior. A little bit about their neighborhood. So whether they like living in their neighborhood and whether they would feel safe walking around alone after dark. And some brief questions about their political attitudes. Which political party would they vote for? And how interested are they at this point in politics? So that sums up the questions that are asked only in the youth questionnaire. The next set of questions I'm going to talk about are questions that are only found in the young adult module. So in the identity demographics, they are asked about sexual orientation. They will be asked in all odd waves. Sexual orientation was asked for everybody in the adult questionnaire at Wave 3. And it's now only being asked repeatedly amongst 16 to 21 year olds. We have education and future career expectations. So young adults are asked what age they expect to leave home, what type of job they would like to do once they leave, either school or full-time education or training. Who do they get career advice from? And there's a long list of individuals that they might seek career advice from. And the importance of several issues listed below to their future occupation. So how important is job security or whether the job is interesting, whether they get time with family, etc. And again, these are given in different numbers of waves and in different intervals. Next, we have future career and family expectations.  So gaining the training or university place, being successful, being long-term unemployed, whether they think they will get married or have a child or have several children. The next question is about their sense of self. So how important do they think the following are to who they are themselves? So how important is their occupation or their ethnic background, their family, their gender, their age, their stage in life? So those are the questions that are asked of the young adults that are only asked of the young adults that are not asked of the youth. And this final section that I'm going to go through are questions that are included in both the youth questionnaire and the young adult module. And next to each of these questions, I've indicated based on the colors that you see here, what waves those questions are asked. So sometimes they're asked in similar ways. Sometimes they're asked in different patterns across the two questionnaires and modules. So both the youth and the young adults are asked about their future plans, the age that they want to get married or have children, the age they expect to leave home, and what their future plans are. And again, this is an open-ended question. And you can see here there are some that are asked in the same way, for example, the future plans, and then some that are asked in different ways. For example, the age expect to leave at home, the young adults after wave three are asked at every wave while the youth are only asked in odd number waves. There are questions about their social life. So the number of close friends. Again, here I just want to reiterate that if there is a missing category, so for the number of friends I'm giving you, the young adults are asked in waves four, five, and seven, but there's nothing for the youth. That means that the youth are asked this question at every wave while the young adults have a pattern to their waves. So if there's a missing category, that just means that those people, sorry, that question is asked at every wave for that category of person. I hope that makes sense. So we asked for the number of close friends. We asked whether they have a social media profile, and if they do, how many hours they spend interacting or chatting with friends per week. The number of times they've eaten a family meal, whether they feel supported by their family, who they would turn to if upset within their family, or it could be a non-family member. And the times that they were out after 9 p.m. without their parents knowing where they were without reporting to their parents. The next questions are the questions that are commonly asked of both groups about cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. So for the smoking variable, they are asked whether they ever smoke, and if they do, the frequency of smoking per week. Again, this is asked every year of the youth and only in waves three for the young adults. And for alcohol consumption, they're asked whether they've ever had a whole drink, their frequency of drinking and their frequency of drinking is within the past month, whether they've ever been drink and also within the past month and whether they've been drunk in the past month. And if you can remember back to what I said about the youth, we have similar questions here, but the young adults weren't asked whether they had ever been drunk in their lifetime or ever been drunk in the past month. I'm sorry, in the past year, both of them are asked whether they've ever been drunk in the past month. Again, here are some drug use behaviors. So both parties are asked whether they've ever tried glue or solvents, cannabis or other illegal drugs. And if they have, how many times have they ever used these illegal drugs? On the even number waves, they are given the Rosenberg short form self esteem scale and these are the eight items included in that scale that can be added up to give a total score. The next side of questions ask about their relationships with their parents. So how often they quarrel with their parents? How often do they talk with their mother or father? Whether their parents show any interest in how they do at school, whether they attend school evenings and if they have a step parent in their house, how is their relationship with that person? We ask a few questions about bullying. This one, this set of questions is about bullying between siblings. So we ask them whether they have a sibling and if they do, how often does the sibling hit, kick or punch the person in question who's taking the questionnaire, who's filling out the questionnaire, whether they take their belongings, call them names or make fun of them and then we ask that person how often do they do those things to their siblings? So here you can determine whether the individual is either a bully or being bullied or both. And similarly for any individual that's still in school we ask about whether they get physically bullied or bullied in other ways and then how often do they physically bully others or bully others in other ways and both of these are asked in odd number waves. So that is the end of all of the questions that are in either the youth questionnaire or the young adult module. They're again broken down, some of them are only in one or the other but there are many that are included in both which is very good for longitudinal studies because then you can look at how things change as these young people become young adults. So the next few slides are about data documentation and how to access the data. Here I've given you the websites to Understanding Society, the main website, the website to the data set documentation where you can find more information about these questions, the again the waves that they're included in, their percentages, breakdown, et cetera. And also there is a link to the questionnaires if you wanna see exactly how those questions are stated at each wave. In order to access the data here's the website for the UKDS. This will take you straight to the Understanding Society page. And the youth data are all contained in their own data set so it's a underscore youth through currently we have through wave seven so g underscore youth. The young person module is included in the adult questionnaire data set so those are the a underscore and rest files through the g underscore and rest files. And all of the young person module are questions are prefixed with a wave identifier so that's a through g. And then there is an underscore and then the next two letters should be yp and that indicates that it was given to the young person and then you have the variable name after that. So sometimes you'll see the same wave identifier and just the variable name that means that it was given to everybody but if it has a yp right after the underscore then it was given to young people. So one of the advantages of Understanding Society is that we try and collect data from all members of the household which means that we can link the parents information to the children. And to do this you have the person number and the personal identifier of the parent which is included in the youth data sets and also is in the main data file for the young adult and therefore you can link the parents to the youth and this can be done using the household identifier and the person number or the personal ID and the wave. There is a code, a StataCode do file that you can find in the syntax file on the UKDS page that I provided earlier. So if you click on the syntax and it'll take you to where all the syntaxes are. There is a one that's called parent child linkage I believe and that will just give you the code on how to link across between the youth data sets and the in the rest file data sets. So just quickly, next is a table that gives you a brief look at how many mothers and fathers can be linked to children across the waves and this is the youth data set only, not the young people. So you can see we have about going from 4500 mothers to about 3400 mothers and 3000 fathers to about 2500 fathers. The numbers are not going to add up to the number of children because I believe you can only link to parents that complete the survey. So if they're not in the survey at all then you're not gonna have data on them and this came from also parents who only completed the self-completion portion so you get a bit of drop off there. Again, some youth only live with one parent and so therefore you're not gonna have any data on the non-resident parents and some youth don't live with any parents. So if they live with a grandparent or with an aunt and uncle they are not included in this data set. You can link to them but it's a little bit trickier. So briefly I'm going to give an example of some research linking parents and youth data and this comes from a paper that I published few years ago looking at limiting long-term illness and subjective wellbeing within families. This is a cross-sectional analysis so this is not longitudinal but just gives you an idea of what you can do with the data. So we wanted to look at whether there is a relationship between a parent being ill and the youth's wellbeing score. So we looked at the youth's SDQ score and we found that if there was a ill parent in the house then the youth were more likely to have more difficulties so they had higher SDQ score. So the downward arrows mean that there is a negative association. If we added in caring whether the parents cared for the child again there was still an association between whether the parent was ill but there's also an association between whether that child was being cared for and having more difficulties.   And here we found that having a parent with poor mental functioning who was also disabled was much worse for the difficulties. The child had more difficulties if their parent also had poor mental functioning. So it was a combination of being disabled and having poor mental functioning for the mental health of the young person. And then we wanted to have a look at the reverse relationship. So if there was a young person with what was the effect or what was the relationship with the parent's GHQ score which is their generalized anxiety score. And here we can see that having a young person in the household that required caring which is how we identified this person which is why the caring for the child is not significant was associated with a lower parental GHQ score which meant that they had more anxiety. And if the youth total SCQ total difficulty score was high so if that youth had more total difficulties then their parents had an even greater drop in their anxiety levels. So this is an example of kind of some of the data that you can do linking parent and child together and of course you can do this across a number of ways. You can include siblings both older and younger. And so I hope I've given you a good look at what can be done with understanding society youth data and the young adult module. So now I think we're going to open up for a bit of discussion. So thank you very much. Here is my email address if you have any questions. Again, the link to the understanding society websites and if you're using Twitter here is the understanding society Twitter ID. So we'll open it up for questions now. Okay, thank you very much. That's really interesting. I know the survey fairly well but there's always new things to learn. So that is good. If you have any questions you have a chat window which should show on the right hand side of your screen. So please do type any questions in there. While we just give you a chance to do that let's have a look at some of the other things that you can find. So if you want to access the data and you haven't already let's see if we can get the internet to play a ball. Okay, so let's have a look. So we can just type in say understanding society. If I could type it would really help. And then we can have a look at the website. So it really is very easy to find and you can navigate as Kara said there's data and documentation. You can find all the questionnaires everything that you need. And we always recommend to users of any data set before you get started do have a look through the questionnaires and the user guides. There's lots and lots of useful information in there. So we've just got a couple of questions coming in which is great. So the first one, any questions about mental health? So no, the only questions that we have that are about wellbeing essentially. So it's the SDQ and the happiness questions. We don't have any specific questions about mental health. Can we break these you've person samples done by regions and smaller geographical scales? So there are included in I think it's in the household data sets. You will get a government office region variable and you will, yes, so you get a government office region variable. Smaller geographical scales, you have to get a special license in order to get access to the LSOA data. Yeah, there's a number of different geographical areas that you can get through the special license and the best way to have a look at which one you need is to pop on to the UK data service website, find the series record. Hopefully the internet will play ball and we can have a look. Now I'm going to cheat because I know the number. So we'll just have a look. So you can just type in the search, understanding society or the series number. So this is the main end user license one, which as Kara said, is the government office region in there. Now, if you have a look at the series record for this, bear with me, the internet always goes a bit slowly when I'm demonstrating something live. So you can see here, there are a number of different special license versions and there's a whole host of different geographical areas that you can select. There are obviously a few sort of additional conditions attached to special license. You will need to fill out a proposal form, which you submit to us at the UK data service and then we send it over to the understanding society team for approval, but it's usually a fairly sort of simple process. But we will of course, if you want to make any applications, we will guide you through. Okay. The next question is whether we ask the young people to consider themselves to have a disability physical or intellectual ability. The young people themselves, we don't ask disability questions. It's not until you get into the age 16 to 21 and then older do we ask disability questions. So no, we don't. Is the technology use question only covered in the youth module and not in the young adults module? Is there similar data apart from social media available for young adults? No. So unfortunately we don't ask young adults about computers or gaming. We really should. I would suggest every few years they open up the questionnaires for consultation. So if you have any ideas about questions that should be asked, keep your eye on the main understanding society page because I think consultations will be recorded or put up on there when they come for the next consultation for questions that should be asked in any of the questionnaires. Are there questions about financial savings by youth or young adults? So the young adults also get all of the questions that are asked of all of the adults. And I think there are financial savings questions in the main questionnaire. So you will be able to link the young adults to savings questions. At this point there are no savings questions in the youth and I'm not sure if there are any plans on including that. Are there any questions about young people's use of social media? In particular, it's impact on their wellbeing. So the only questions we have right now on social media is whether they, is how many hours they interact on social media? Chatting, I should say, not watching or posting or any of that. And then it's impacts on their wellbeing. Not that specific question. You can, I've done some research that looks at that, but we don't specifically ask whether they think their interaction with social media impacts their own wellbeing. So the only sexual identity questions that we ask is the question that's asked of the young adults.  And that is given as heterosexual, gay or lesbian, bisexual, other, and prefer not to say. What disability definitions do you use those for questions? So the disability question is a two part question. They're asked whether they have a limitation or disability that they think will last more than 12 months. And if they do, they're asked what that disability is. They're given a set, I think of 12 different categories they can check or they can check other or none of the above. And these range from mobility problems to problems with their eyes, to problems socializing, et cetera. You can find more information about that question in the data documentation. Are there any plans to ask questions about gender identity beyond male and female? I really hope so. I'm going to very much start pushing that we do not include a binary gender question. However, if it does change, it's not going to be for a while. I think that the census might be changing how they ask gender. And if they do, then we will have much more push to change how we ask gender. So let's hope that we can change that. Do you ask technology used for normal adults? I don't believe we do. I don't think so. I think it's only young adults. Again, something else that we should try and ask, but we are very much limited by space and time. So it's very difficult to ask all of these questions of everybody. Is it possible to narrow by sexual orientation of parents? Yes, so this is a bit controversial because all of the individuals in way three who completed the self-completion portion of the questionnaire were asked sexual orientation. If you want to take sexual orientation as stable, then you can take the sexual orientation of the parents at way three. However, if you believe that it's fluid, then it's a bit harder to then take way three and take it out for several ways afterwards. But yes, every adult was asked at way three what their sexual orientation was. How do you guarantee the recall accuracy? For example, would most of the youths be able to access how many hours they spent engaging with social media, et cetera? That's a very good question. I don't know how we can assess it accurately. I think though that if you kind of look at our data compared to other questionnaires that ask similar questions of similar age adult or young people, we get pretty much the same answers. Also, if you're looking at trends across age, you can definitely see age trends and that's been shown in several different studies. So I think that this is always a problem, especially when you're asking younger people or asking anybody really to recall how much they're doing anything. But these are also questions that are banded. So it's not open ended. So the responses to these range from zero hours, I think it's one to three hours, three to five hours, seven, or no, I'm sorry, I did that one. One to two hours, no, that's right, three to five hours or seven or more hours. You have to look up the responses, but they are banded. So there's a top end to that question. Could adverse child experiences, questions being incorporated into the survey in the future? It's definitely something that you could advocate for. Again, consultations for questioner questions come up every few years. So if you can respond to them and make a case, there's a possibility that those questions could be added into future surveys. I'm gonna throw a bit of a curve ball in here, but we do have an innovation panel of understanding society that is about 1,500 people, includes young youth and young people. And that you can include, it's used for experiments. So you can, for that subset of people, every year there is a call to have questions included into that sample. So you could get those types of questions into a smaller sample that's also longitudinal. So it's the same people across many waves, but it won't be of the main survey. So if you wanna see how specific questions will be answered or do an experiment on how you ask specific questions, you might wanna look up the innovation panel. And again, all of that information is on the main understanding society page. You can link to all that. Do the technology questions include info on whether the children are watching alone with siblings or it's just a straight, how many hours? It's just a straight how many hours. We don't ask who they're watching or what they're doing. We don't even ask whether they're doing other things while they're on social media or watching television. What's the rough mix of social class that participates in the youth and young adults module? Oh, gosh. Gosh, if I had other information in front of me, I would say the rough mix is probably for the youth. I can tell you that I think about 20 to 25% of their parents have a degree and about, I wanna say 15 to 20%. No, probably 15% of their parents have no qualifications and then the rest are kind of in the middle. That's the best I can give you at the moment off the top of my head. If you want to look up more, you can look up in the data. When will Wave 8 come out? So I think we aim to release data every November. So Wave 8 should be out in November. Are there equivalent questions asked to the parents? Yes, so the parents are also asked about how often they talk to their children or quarrel with their children. So that's asked of both the mothers and the fathers. And there are also questions that are only asked specifically if they have, if they have a 10 year old, parents are asked about their parenting style. So you will have parenting style questions asked of parents with 10 year olds. There are also child development questions and those are asked about children who are either three, five or eight. So depending on the age of the child, the parent has asked questions that are appropriate for that. So you will get some of those questions. Other than the question about religion, are there other questions about religious practices, subscriptions to sacred texts? So not among the youth, but in the adult sample, they do ask whether they attend religious services. I think there's one other question about religion and it's not coming to mind. Again, more of this information can be found in the data documentation, but there's no other questions for youth, but there are other questions for young adults. Okay, wow. So, some excellent questions there. Oh, one more, just one more. Data unattending, I'm sorry, what is GPS? GPS. Oh, GPS. So not for the youth, but for the adults, they are asked whether they've been in the hospital, but I don't think they're asked whether they have gone to see a GP in the last year. I don't think. Okay, thank you. Any more questions for Kara? She seems to know this inside out, which is very impressive. No, I think we've run out of questions for now. Thank you, Sarah, you're welcome. Just to remind you, understanding society's website has a whole host of information on there. Do go and have a look through. There's also some examples of research, I believe, on there as well, which if you're new to the survey, might be helpful and interesting for you. There is also a user support forum on the website. I think that's under data and documentation. I think it is. We'll just show you where that is. Yeah, there we go. User support, you can go in here, then you can look at any current. This is very useful, because sometimes people ask the same question you do. So you can go and look and see how they've answered it. If you cannot find that your question, then you can go and add a question to this list. And they are very good at getting back to you and getting the people who know the information to answer your question. So this is a great source of information. And just quickly, I was talking about the innovation panel. Here is the innovation panel. And here's where you will find calls about the next wave and submitting a proposal to get questions included. So all of that information is here. Okay, I'm just going to double check, see if any other questions have come in. You're very welcome, all of you. Just one last question from me. Have you got a mailing list that people can subscribe to to keep up to date with? I should know the answer to this, but I can't remember. I believe that there is an understanding society data list. Sorry, mailing list. I probably should know this. If you can't find it, I'm sure there is a place to contact them and they will tell you whether there is one. There is a mailing list for ICER and that will also give you information about understanding society. So I would encourage you to sign up for the ICER mailing list and that will give you a lot of details about what's going on in understanding society as news comes out. Fabulous, okay. So that was a really informative webinar actually. Thank you very much, Kara for coming over. Thank you. And talking to all of us today. Just to remind you that we will make the slides available on our website and I think you'll put it on your website as well. That will hopefully be by the end of tomorrow. We will hopefully put the recording up probably sort of sometime next week. Just I always like to allow a little bit of extra time for that. But apart from that, thank you very much all of you for joining us this afternoon. Hope you found that useful and please do have a look on the UK Data Service website for any future upcoming webinars that might be of use.


So I want to take some time to go over a patreon poll By the time you see this it's likely that if there's gonna be a vote on build back better It will have already occurred. So just keep that in mind But I wanted to gauge where my viewers were at when it comes to the performance of the congressional progressive caucus overall This isn't necessarily a temperature check on the squad or Pramila Jayapal are any one individual member But just overall the collective performance of the congressional progressive caucus So here's what I asked my patreon patrons when it comes to negotiations regarding build back better and bipartisan infrastructure What are your feelings about the congressional progressive caucuses handling of negotiations? So this was conducted on November 6th. This is not a scientific poll So keep that in mind, of course So we have one vote with one person saying that I'm very satisfied We have two votes with somewhat satisfied. They could have done more We have 17 votes with satisfied with some members dissatisfied with others and Then we have dissatisfied overall six votes and I'm very dissatisfied They did not fight hard enough with 23 votes and then we have two people who haven't followed it So I would find myself in this category. I'm very dissatisfied. They did not fight hard enough now When it comes to these six members of the squad who voted against this I believe that was Jamal Bowman, Corey Bush, Ilhan Omar, Ayanna Presley, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Rashida Tlaib. I'm I'm fine with their performance I think that they did everything that they could but overall if the congressional progressive caucus is weak Then there's not much that those six individual members can do right so it You're only as strong as your weakest link and when you have almost all the links be really weak Then that's gonna that's gonna be an issue. But let me get to some of the comments here because Some of my patrons they shared their reasoning here and their insight is really I think informative So mr. Anderson says watching it go from a six trillion to three point five trillion to one point eight trillion And now a measly one trillion with the progressive caucus praising Biden and bipartisanship with every major cut I can't convince myself They put up any kind of a fight at all and that's just it I think that what makes matters worse for me is all of the praise That is being heaped on Biden from individuals like Primula Jayapal. She's just taking it too far and she's Declaring this a victory now again if build back better is passed and it's good Then she gets credit for that we'll have to wait and see but I mean after she voted for infrastructure Before the Senate passed build back better. I thought at that point That's that's bad and yet to kind of claim that you won is Bizarre and you kind of look foolish because even in DC circles when you see the articles you have corporate Democrats commenting anonymously So about how they're really perplexed as to how progressive lawmakers don't feel like they got rolled they did get rolled I think objectively so they got rolled more on this we have Dorian gray 11 who says this entire situation is gross What's the point of electing progressives if they can't hold the line and give president Joe Manchin everything he wants? Pathetic this isn't compromise. It's utter capitulation and see this is something that is so important because what progressive lawmakers do? affects the success rate in a way, I think of 2022 progressives running for Congress so anyone who I brought on my show now, you know it this Lack of performance by the CPC it hurts them because they think yeah, what's the point? Why give my hard-earned money to these people who are just gonna get in there and go along with the establishment? So that's why if this is bad not just from a policy standpoint, but because it really Depresses the progressive movement Joe 6 says rolling over and playing dead does not bode well for our democracy totally agree Anna says There are only a handful of progressives They have the entire Republican Party as well as the corporate Democrats and media against them Then there are racist no hard people out there that continue to vote for them The progressives can only yell so loud without support and it doesn't help that mansion in cinema Don't care about anything except putting money into their pockets The whole corrupted system allows mansion in cinema to be the pieces of shit that they are and look at the bullshit that happened to India Walton Buffalo, New York. She got robbed from the Democratic Party I still think we need to have that continued fight within us and show up to vote for progressives well said Chris says I voted very dissatisfied But I do give six progressives that voted against the billback better bill or bipartisan infrastructure bill rather credit Totally agree Gina says listening to Pramila Jayapal gushingly praise Biden who hasn't done much to advance his own agenda shows that Progressives are far more concerned with career advancement in the Democratic Party than with actual progressives for the country after all our hard work of getting Progressives elected we have to primary them to show them We will withhold our votes this the system is corrupt and we can only break the corporate duopoly by voting for alternative parties Open primaries ranked choice voting and end the electoral college So in order to actually have a viable alternative party We need electoral reform first and the conundrum is that to get electoral reform We have to elect more progressives, but they're not going to be elected unless they run in the Democratic Party So we're kind of in this unending cycle where you have these dominant parties and nothing really changes What I will say is that I don't necessarily agree with primarying the progressives that are good progressives But there's a lot of members in the congressional progressive caucus that definitely need to be primary in fact I don't even know why they're in the congressional progressive caucus some people are in both the congressional progressive caucus and the problem solvers caucus Or or they were in the problem solvers caucus and that just shouldn't be acceptable Like you have to have standards to accept someone into into the congressional progressive caucus otherwise, it's gonna be you know a weakened unit where there's gonna be disunity and you know, they're gonna be Susceptible to rolling over to the establishment Mari says very disappointed in representative. Jai pal. She was not our pal this time Yeah, packer craze as most of us probably expected the eventual result and generally predicted just about all the steps that happened along the way We knew the progressive wing would eventually do what they always do and fold when the when decision time arrived If anything it makes it it more frustrating to end up being right yet again But the factlessness of the left in the halls of power and that's the thing the more that we don't score victories the more that people begin to lose hope and check out and You know, that's that's really unfortunate because we need to stay engaged But if you keep getting beat down time and again, and once you're on the ground, they kick you and spit on you a Lot of people they don't take kindly to that. So I mean all of these responses here I don't see how you can read any of these responses and think that they're unreasonable Everything that they're saying here is rational and and reasonable. I have the smartest viewers by the way Jacqueline Roberts says I'm disgusted with the CPC except for our squad They may get a little wobbly But they do care and they do try and I would agree with that right? I criticized them from time to time AOC's Iron Dome vote was a catastrophe, but overall I do think that she Is headed in the right direction even if she missteps a lot, right? I think that Ilhan Omar is probably my favorite. Maybe Rashida Tlaib, but yeah I think that their heart is in the right place They just showed us how much leverage they have and we should be able to see that they need lots of new company and there's so much good They do that never gets covered. That's exactly it. While lead says I thought more will come out of holding the line I understand that what happens in public may be different from what happens in private in terms of negotiations But voting on biff bill without the reconciliation bill at the same time looks pointless from my vantage point Some provisions have been added to the biff bill, but they are less than the minimum needed For example, the current biff bill has 15 billion for replacing lead pipes even though 45 billion is needed That is such a good point. That's such a good point Christian Lissala says the fact that they held out this long was good and I agree with that And they probably could have done more media circuits going after mansion cinema, but they should have kept holding the line I think Pramila Jaipal accepting the framework was a show of naivete and the Virginia results were the final nail in the coffin Yeah, and I think that that does play a role I think that Kind of reading the room and knowing that she would be blamed and the left more broadly speaking would be blamed Pramila Jaipal probably thought I mean, we're kind of fucked So, you know, there's just overall a lot of disappointment and again I'm talking about this without information about the vote and how that goes because I'm recording this ahead of time So Maybe they'll prove me wrong. You'll know by the time you see this If there was a vote, but you know, overall it's just it's really really disappointing and It's hard to be a leftist it really is so I want you to tell me what you want To see asked I can poll my patreon patrons. We can poll our youtube members. Let me know in the comments What do you want to see and uh, yeah, let's make this a common occurrence because I like these polls I think it's important to gauge where the viewership is at Not necessarily because what they say will direct what I'm going to do or say on the show But because I think it's necessary to kind of See what other people are thinking who may not be glued to this as much as I am But I mean everything they say is pretty lined up with me We're all in lockstep. So I think it is important. So let me know what kind of poll you want to see Um My views are much higher