Welcome to learnwordpress.org and the online workshop on dashboard and documentation, where to find the answer. Okay, so our objectives for this workshop are pretty simple. To navigate the dashboard, feel more confident with navigating the dashboard. Because it is overwhelming, especially when I first started, I was like, oh, dang, like, what is all this stuff over here? Do I need to know how to use it all? So luckily, no, because I did start and design my own website and got it live and I didn't know half of it. So testament to you only need to know at least the basics, right? Learn about the updated documentation. So there's a great WordPress has really up their game on WordPress.org has up their game on their documentation for what all the different things in the dashboard are. So it's, I really like that. Feel more confident with finding answers, what each block does, where to report a problem and the forums. So I'm going to go back because these are my notes, just to have on the side so that I make sure that I'm going through. But here's my site and here's my dashboard. I need to make this smaller. All right, so our dashboard and what we're going to go through first is I'm going to make it a little bit, we're going to focus on, this is called the administration screen. And it's made up of your toolbar at the top, the main navigation on the side, and then your work area within here. Pretty simple. So we're going to look at the toolbar first. Okay. And if we hover over the icon, you can see that there is a menu that pops up. So we have several different things. So we're going to kind of look through that. And these resources you're going to see in several different places. So that's the nice thing that the information is right here. You don't have to like save bookmark pages anymore and kind of things. You can kind of, you know, if you're here, you can find the answer right from here. So our first one we're going to click on is the about WordPress. And this is a newer feature from 6.4. What they did was they created a page that has what's new. And this is nice because it tells you about the different versions and releases. And you can click on the documentation to find out what those notes are about. So if you end up like having a problem with a plugin or something, you can kind of go back and maybe troubleshoot or, you know, kind of point out different things. So the nice thing was is that it, we also released 2024 when we had the 6.4. And it kind of goes through an overview of the different highlighted features that were focused on for that. So it's a nice nice documentation about that. Okay. Also within this page, you have the credits. So everyone who worked on 6.4 and from there on, if you're new to WordPress and you don't know about the four freedoms of open source, then please go ahead and read that page by the sea. So some information about that and then get involved. So this is about because WordPress.org is an open source project, it is kind of run by volunteers. Now, some people that are part of it, they do get sponsored by their company. So they might work part-time, do some hours for their company and then some hours for here. Some it's their full-time job to work on this project depending on what company it is. So these are the different resources.  There's 20 plus teams that you can be a part of.  Like I'm on the training team. So we do all the online workshops, tutorials, courses, things like that. But like if you like to look at the tutorials, we need reviewers. We need script writers. So like if somebody could write the script for me and find all the information, then I could present it kind of thing within that.  So there's marketing, all kinds of different things. The TV, the YouTube, you know, taking care of the YouTube channel. So lots of different places to get involved. And I'll mention this a lot because we're always looking for new people because I know that, you know, people's jobs take them away and we can't always volunteer and stuff like that. And sometimes you have like your good months and your bad months kind of thing. But it's always great to at least volunteer a little bit. So it's a good thing, great community. So yeah, so the second thing is just a direct link to the Get Involved that goes right to that page. We hover over again. We have the wordpress.org. Okay, so this is going to take you to the home page of wordpress.org. And if you're new to the WordPress community, there is a difference between wordpress.com and wordpress.org. So in simple terms, and there's all kinds of videos out there to explain it a little bit more in depth, wordpress.com is a for-profit company. They have products that they make in order to make money. Wordpress.com is a place where a lot of people who are bloggers will host their site and then use those tools for that. Wordpress.org is like I said an open source project. So it was started by the same person who runs a company automatic and he wanted to have these tools accessible to everyone. So that's why it's called a project because then there aren't anything that's paid. So there's mostly three tools in on this format, all right. But if you need more information, go ahead and Google the difference between .com and .org so that you understand the difference when talking to your clients and just for your own self. Okay. All right. So this has a lot of different information. I'm not going to go through it all. Here is where I'm located in the Learn Workshop. So this has all kinds of great information about our tutorials and workshops and courses. We are going to be launching a learning pathways this summer. So we're super excited. We've been pulling together and making different categories, pathways for users, designers, and then developers. And within each of those, there are a beginner, intermediate, and advanced. So this is a great way that you'll be able to kind of go at a nice or a slow pace, but then kind of we're trying to put them in the right order so that they kind of flow together good. And we have some great people that are in charge of that. So all right, let me go back here to the dashboard. And we have next our documentation. So this is one of the new pages. And I'm super excited about this because the fact that it needs to be out there, right? We need to be able to find information without having to go and like ask people all the time.  Right. So this gives you the power, the power to find it yourself. And easily too, because a lot of times websites, especially like the government website, you like the DMV, it's like hidden what documentation you need to bring to the DMV to renew your license, you know, it's like, why can't that just be right in front? So this is very organized, very simple. Okay, it has a couple of different headings right here. But then those headings are also within the page itself. So I'm going to focus right here on this dashboard one, to get to know the control center. So when I click on that, oops. Hold on. Let me mess up my pages. Okay. So when we click on the dashboard, it gives us all the different categories of what the screen is. Okay. This one's a little bit different. Hold on. Let me get back here. Okay. And we'll kind of go through this a little bit. But I want to point out if you still have a classic editor or classic theme that uses widgets and the customizer, there is still information here. If you have a block based widget or block based theme that came out around version 5.8, there's information here for you. So it breaks it down into the different sections very nicely, which is nice. Okay. All right. Our next thing is support. So if we've gone through the documentation, still can't find it. The problem has to do with the core, not with a plugin or not with a theme. It has to do with just kind of the layouts, the blocks, the sizing and stuff like that. Then come here and please go ahead and read the get started so that you understand what questions you can ask. So like I said, a plugin is usually developed by a third party. So they're going to have their own support. And so that's why you go into the plugin page. You go, it says at the bottom, you know, support for that particular plugin. But again, here's the documentation. Get involved. I really want you to get involved. And then a couple of different highlighted forms that are specific. So installing WordPress, you know, fixing. So you can always check there first and do a search of your problem so that you can find the information. Okay. And then the last one in this area is feedback. So request and feedback is not that you have a problem, but well, kind of that you have a problem, but not that you want to find the fix. The find the fixes when you go to support request and feedback is how can we make it better? Is there something that you might have seen somewhere else or that some some step is frustrating you? How could we make it better, right? And that's where you would leave a request, you know, can you do this? Could we do this? Okay. And those are the way, you know, that's why we do these different versions is because then we take those things, we test them out in a plugin, and then we bring them into the main core of a theme so that they're easier to use. So that's what that is for. Okay.  Are there any questions, June? I don't see any question. But if anybody has some, please drop it in the chat. Awesome. All right, we're going to continue on the toolbar. So the next is our little house, and that means that this is our site. So my site name is WordPress basics. Okay. There is a drop down that says to visit the site. And what that will do is take it to the front end. And I like to do a right click and open in a new tab so that I still have my dashboard as a tab. And I have to move the toolbar here. And then I also have the front end. And I can go through, when I'm making changes, after I hit recent refresh, reload, I can see how it's looking. Okay. All right. The next is updates. So the toolbar gives you a couple of kind of shortcuts to things. So I kind of left this to show you that what an update would be like. And we're going to do look at that a little bit closer because there's a couple different places that are going to take you. So if I click on that, it's going to take you to this page. Okay. You'll also see that the page is over here too in the main navigation. So you will see some red dot. And you can see that the update has to do with a plugin. Okay. But this is nice because it's a whole update page. So it's going to tell you what your version is when it last checked for that version. If I didn't have this version, it would tell me to install it now right here. Here is where the plugins are so that all your plugins will be listed. And then your themes too. If your theme has an update, it'll be listed here. So that's nice that it's kind of all in one place. You can do it step by step. So if you have a number of plugins, always do one at a time and then kind of make sure you go to the front end, refresh your page, and double check all your pages to make sure that something's not right. So like if your page is using a form and there's an update on that form, make sure that the form didn't affect your form. Okay. The next thing is comments. So if you are blogging on your site and you've turned on the option to have people comment on your blog, then you would get a notification of how many comments are there. Okay. So that's pretty simple. The next shortcut is a plus sign with the word new. And so we can do a post media page or add a new user. And those are four things that you kind of pretty pretty much do on a regular basis. So it's nice to have that shortcut there. I do have another plugin. And that's why that's showing some of the plugins will have a shortcut up here, or it might be down in the toolbar for setting doing your settings and stuff. The last thing is over here, it's the Howdy and your, your name or whatever name you are using for your display. And then your gravitar. And I'm going to just open up this Howdy user because of the fact that it does have my personal information. So I can't open mine up on the screen. So we're going to open it up on the documentation page because it has a nice graphic. So if I was to click on that up there, you would get your Howdy, your name, a button to edit my profile, and then always to log out there. So that has the information for that. Okay. All right. So we've done everything within the top toolbar. It looks like we're good on questions. We're good on questions. Okay. So underneath the toolbar is two white buttons. And one is called the screen options and one is called help. So when we click that open, what that does is it has the different elements that are within this dashboard. So when you first log in, you'll see this Welcome to WordPress page. And most people will hit the dismiss because it does take up a lot of room and you might not want it. But it does have a link again to that page right there. Okay. So you don't have to go over and hover. And then it has where you can some shortcuts to add a new page, open the site editor and to edit your styles. And those are just shortcuts for that. So when I dismiss that, you'll see when I open up that screen options, that welcome gets unchecked. So if you'd like to see it back up, you can always check the box and it'll appear back. Now the other things are your site health, your at glance activity, quick draft, and WordPress events and news. And these were the things that you can unclick, depending on the circumstance, if you're working with a client, they don't need to see what's happening in WordPress, unless they are a techie person and would like to know events and things like that.  A quick draft, you know, if you are blogging and you have a title and maybe some notes about something that you want to, this is a great resource to have. Your site health activity, what I've posted in the last month or so. Okay. Any recent comments can be right here. They can also see at a glance. So depending on who's using this dashboard, you can set up for different people. Okay. The health. So this has two different menus. So the menu on the left is kind of just some definitions and like an overview of what the dashboard is. So we have an overview, we have the navigation, what is on the left hand side, what does it do, the layout of using the screen options, the drag and drop, to arrange the boxes. So yes, you can also arrange the boxes and close them and stuff like that. So I don't want to see the site health, but I do want to see the activity and the draft. I can move that. I can also close them all to make it a little bit cleaner, such as that. Okay. So the box controls. And then the last one is what each of those screen options, a definition of those. The menu on the right side is kind of some of the similar links that we saw when we were over in the icon. Like I said, you'll see those links several times to make it more user-friendly to find things. So we have that documentation on the dashboard. So this kind of just, it's a more in-depth article about the dashboard. But you can also see from where we're at, it's part of the documentation, the support guides, the dashboard, and dashboard screen. So this is the specific article about the dashboard screen. Can I pause you for one second? We have a question. Sure. Ed asked that he doesn't have the screen option button. Is it specific to a WordPress version? Do you have a different... Well, if you're on the WordPress dashboard, depending... I would think that it is available. Does anyone know that there's a toggle or something to turn that off altogether? I don't know. The only thing I can think of is, if it's a particular theme that you've downloaded, that's taken that away. Is it a site that somebody else built for you? Yeah, because it's almost WordPress. Right. And are you the administrator of the site, Ed? Thank you, Sally. Yes. No, you built it yourself. I see the hell, but not the screen options. Okay. Okay. Don't know about that one. I will make a note about that. I'll click around while you move through your presentation, Laura. Okay. Yep. And is your version... And you're up to date on all your versions, right? You're up to 6.4.3. That's the only thing I can think of. All right. I will ask my... Yep. Okay. So, yeah, we'll make a note of that. And I will ask people who work on the dashboard. Thank you, Ed, for appreciating that. If I always... If I have a question that I can't answer, I'll always put the answer into the meetup comments if I find an answer for it. So... All right. So, we are in the help. Okay. So, we have documentation on the dashboard. Again, support and forums. Support. Go there. And then, again, this is a different version of... This is the actual documentation that was put out on January 20, 30, about the specific version 6.4.3. So, and then there's links to the different information. And then the summary and stuff like that. So, that's the actual documentation for that specific release, as opposed to that other fancier one that was just kind of from 6.4. And we... They just added the different versions to that. So, yeah. So, we have both of those things. And we're going to move on. Sound good? Awesome. Yeah. And please, you know, if you have a question or you need me to relook at something, I'm happy to do that. So, like I said, the other thing within when you click on the dashboard between the home is that... Is the updates. So, if we go into the updates and then we can scroll down, I can click on select all and then just update the plug-in. Since I only have one, I can do a select all. Like I said previously, please do one at a time, because then if there is an issue that pops up, you'll know which plug-in was affected it so that you can troubleshoot a little bit better than if you clicked all and clicked them all at one time. All right. So, our next section is the post media pages and comments. And this and appearance is pretty much where you'll do all your work and stuff. So, the post, if you hover over, will have a all post, add new posts, categories, and tags. Right? When you click on it, those categories will appear underneath it. So, your navigation will get a little bit bigger in that instance. Okay. So, we have our list of our different posts. Okay. And you have where you can edit the page. You can do a quick edit. You can trash it or you can view it on the front end. Okay. And then we have our author and categories. You can go to either add new page within the post here or you can do an add new page over here. Now, the other thing to point out too is that you have how many pages all together and how many pages published. So, if you have some that are in draft, you'll have a notification here due of that it's only in draft. The add new post will actually take you to starting the post itself, which is nice. And then categories. So, this is something that I'm still learning about, but it's really good for SEO. And if you have a search bar on your page, so like my bakery, if I need to add like a search because it's going to have like different recipes. So, then if somebody comes to my page, I want them to be able to find the recipe they're looking for. So, having a category. So, if they need ideas for cakes, so then they could type in the search cake. So, that would be a category. Muffins and pastries. Those would be my categories. So, what we can do is in this area, we can start creating our different categories. So, we have cake and then the slug will be cake. Now, if the slug was frosted cakes, then I would do it like this and have a frosted cake. Okay. But we're just going to keep it simple for right now and we're going to add the category. So, our categories there. So, then when we're doing our post, so then when I go over here, I can do a quick edit. And now I have within my categories, I can click cake and do an uncategorize. And then the tag is kind of like subcategories for right now. But there is the thing that says categories can be selectively converted to categories if you need to. So, like my tag would be like frosted cake. It could be, let's see, oh, pound cake, right? Like a pound cake. There's different pound cake recipes. So, and then like birthday. And I can just use the word birthday to instead of just put it put in birthday cake. So, but those are the things that, you know, if you are doing blog post and stuff to research this and to see what's best. And your posts can have a bunch of different tags. So, you can, you know, do baking could be another one. So, that I have different tags. Because if people are doing a search like a Google search, then it'll pop up and stuff like that. And I pause you for a second. Yeah, I was just seeing that there was a bunch of chatter. So, yeah. So, as Sean shared a response saying that it may be the level of your account, this is going back to his question about the screen option. So, Sean, I think I pronounced that right. Apologies if not. It could be the account level. So, that may be a distinction. And then Ed also gave a click update. He said that if you click on settings, then the screen option goes away, at least for his view. And then if he clicks on a dashboard, home, it comes back again. So. Oh, okay. Okay. Yeah. Thank you, Sean. I got it right. Yay. Okay. Well, thank you, everyone, for figuring that all out. Appreciate that. All right. So, next we have media. So, the media is all of our images, audio, video, documentation, spreadsheets, things like that that you want to add. Now, just an FYI from what five people that told me, it's better to do a link for a video because a video will take up a lot of space within your database. So, set up a YouTube channel and do the link or do just a shorter, if it's a longer one. You don't want to bulk up and always optimize your images and stuff like that.  Very much. So, there's two different ways that you can look at your images depending on how you like it and things like that. You can also have a look at when you put them in. So, there's different months. And then there's an option to add a new media file and appear to add a new media file. So, pretty easy on that aspect of it. Pages. We have all pages and add new pages. So, this is kind of, you know, the wireframe the basis of your website. So, you're going to have a homepage about, I did a workshop on the group block. So, I have a page for that. A privacy policy. And this is where you're going to create that basic page. And then here is the actual version of the comments. Like I said, we have the shortcut up here, but we also have it listed here. So, you can kind of go through and you have the options of approving the comment, clicking spam if it's a spam. So, you know, there's different things to learn about if you are having that comments turned on. All right. Any questions for within that section? Looks like we're good. All right. Our next section is the appearance, plugins and users. So, our appearance will take care of the themes.  There we go. Sorry. I was trying to minimize it and it kind of got stuck. There we go. So, when you first log into a brand new dashboard and I'm using local, which is an app that I can open up and it opens up on my computer so it's not a live site. If for some reason you can't, a lot of people can't use local WordPress does have the WordPress playground, which I should have used on Tuesday. They've been working on this for the last year or so. And what this does is it's a kind of a test site so that you could test a plugin, you could, you know, try out new features without harming your live site. So, it gives you all the same functions as the dashboard that I'm on right now. So, just wanted to point that out to you if you would like to use that. It's a pretty cool feature. And let me get back to my dashboard. All right. So, we're in appearance and we have themes. So, when you open up, the default is 2024 and it also comes with the last two default themes. Now, you can also go in and add a new theme. So, if we click on here, there are over 6,000 themes.  But once you do decide on a theme, I highly recommend that you then delete the ones that you're not using because they're just taking up space, right? And file space. You don't want that because then it slows down your website when you are doing that. So, all right. So, that's pretty easy. The other thing is the editor under appearance. So, I'm not going to go into depth on this. We do have a bunch of great videos and tutorials that will take you into the different parts of it, go into designing a whole page.  But this is just the link that will take you to that site editor. Okay. We do have a couple of questions. Okay. John asked, from the dashboard and the block theme, not classic, how do you access the custom CSS file? Okay. So, if I'm going into a page, let me see if I remember this. And in the advanced. Okay. So, yeah. You have to click on the actual block. Okay. So, I'm doing the cover block. And then you scroll on the left. You click here next to for settings. And make sure that you're clicked on the block. So, we have cover and then scroll down to advanced and open that up. And then you have additional CSS right here for that particular block. There's a couple of different places to put it in. I know that other people might want to have all their CSS together. So, that's a whole different workshop to look at for the future. But great suggestion on learning about that. So, another question. I'm going to continue. So then we have plugins and we have installed plugins and we have add new. So, this is where you would go into the plugin page and search for what you're looking for. Like if you want a form, you have different versions of things like that to go through. And always, you know, read the reviews and look to see when it was last updated. Those are my two kind of key things to look at. Like how many people are using it? The reviews, what kind of problems did they have? And when's the last time it was updated? So, this one was five hours ago. And so, plugins and then our users. So, we have the all users. So, this will take you to the all users. There will be a list of the different users. Their username, their name, their emails and what their roles are. So, you can give them different roles. And those roles will then have different abilities within the dashboard. So, you could have an author that can't open up the editor. They could only open up like a post because then they would be doing like the blogging or something. A subscriber is somebody who like if you are getting people to subscribe to your site so that in order for them to comment. So, a lot of people will have that extra step for people to comment that they have to be, they have to log in for first kind of thing. So, you can have different users within that. Okay. And then add new user. So, this is where you would need a username for them and email. And then you're generating the first password, you know, for them. And then here's their role, different roles that you can have. Okay. We have a bit of a continuation on the CSS conversation in the chat. Cool. Yeah. So, continuation on that is Sally suggested that perhaps a plugin like Code Snippets is an option. And then Ed also suggested perhaps it's under the appearance and customization. There is an additional CSS. Yes. And that. Yeah, it depends on what kind of theme you have, because yeah, the customizer does have an additional CSS panel that you can add. But yeah, I've used the Code Snippets plugin.  So, like I said, all your CSS is within there. You just have to be careful with adding too much to that, because then it might mess it up too.  So, a little bit of homework that you need to do for those areas. It had a note about, where was it? Yeah, the classic editor has a widget and the customizer that you that are in the doc. And there's also links within the documentation. Block based widgets, block based themes were introduced in 5.8. So, that has the block based widgets editor, which is a kind of a different thing. So, they kind of, you know, were slowly pulling away from using the customizer and things like that. So, thank you, Sally. I appreciate all your advice, all your input. All right. And then the last one, the last thing was the, oops, way too big, is the profile. So, if you click on the profile, you'll get this page. And you can get this either from when you click on the howdy and edit your profile or from when you click on user and your profile. So, this will, I'm going to get this a little bit bigger. You can pick out your different colors. And remember, this is the admin color scheme. So, this isn't for all the users within that. And then, just the information about you, gravitar, there's a link. If you don't know how to set up a gravitar, that's the image that's going to show up in that little space. It's connected to your email. So, you're going to do that. So, documentation about how to set all that up is there. Just clean all that up. All right. So, we're on to tools. We've got about eight minutes left. All right. So, we have tools, available tools. We have the import and export. So, you can import different things. If you are switching from a different website and you need to import information, you can also export. So, if you want to export those to a different website, a more detailed site health. So, on the dashboard, we had the little site health. So, this kind of gives a little bit more in depth in some suggestions. But if you do have a managed hosting, though, like my hosting, they take care of certain things. So, there's always some site health red flags that are here. And I actually was worried when I first started and I had emailed them and said, hey, my site's not healthy. They're like, no, that's okay. It's just that they have certain things that are turned on on their end. And so, it doesn't, it affects my site health on my end kind of thing. And then there's export personal information and erase personal information. I'm not too sure about these two things. So, definitely go into the documentation. And there is a whole section about that. I believe, I'm assuming, don't quote me, that it's about when you do have people as subscribers and stuff that you need to erase their personal information. Or if you need to make a spreadsheet in order to move it to a different location, you're exporting that personal information on that user. But it goes into more detail within the documentation, which is nice. The theme file editor. So, when you pop on this, you will get this warning every time. So, if you are not comfortable, always, always make a backup before going here. But don't be scared of going in here. Because, and especially if you've made a child thing, if you need to tweak more than your themes, CSS, you might want to try making a child theme. So, a child theme is just a layer on top of the main theme. And it's a place where, like, if you're going to make a lot more changes to the parent, the parent they call it, the parent site, you'd want to make a child theme. So, like, if I could make the child theme would be the bakery shop. So, that would be my child theme. If I decided, you know, that I was making a lot of changes to the 2024 theme, which I could still use. But then I could create a child theme. And we have, again, we have documentation on that to step by step instructions on how to set that all up. So, just to realize that you understand that this is all of your, you know, these are your files that, if you mess them up, you're in trouble. Which I, and especially when you start inputting code, learn this the hard way that I went in and wanted to see something on the front end. And I changed something and then I went back and spelled the word wrong. So, the word was spelled wrong. And then I went to my front end and it was like, my whole site was messed up because of the fact that the word was spelled. So, there was a break in the code. Yeah. So, I had a day of troubleshooting on that. But it was my own site. And that's the place to do it, right? On your site or on a test site so that you can learn how to do troubleshooting, right? It should be part of your job. So, the plugins also have the same thing. So, each of your plugins is going to have that. So, this is, like I said, I have two different plugins and there's the stuff, information for that. All right. And the last section is settings. And close that. Okay. So, the settings has a general, a writing and reading. So, I can't go into general because it just had my email on it. But I'm going to go into the writing. And so, if you're doing a different post in mailing and stuff, this would be probably where the, you set this up. Sorry. The reading, I don't understand the writing as much because I don't have a mail, like, I'm not doing mail service and stuff. So, this would be if you are interested to do that, to set that all up. So, please forgive me on that part. The reading settings, this is where, since I created a home page, you're going to have this as a static page. So, that's what's going to show up first. Now, if I just had it as the last, and I reset this, it will go to the default. Okay. So, that is one thing that if you want to have a home page, you can pick what home page you want as your static page. And that will be the first thing that people see when they visit your site. Oh, I forgot to save it. Right. There we go. Always save. Look for the blue button at the bottom. Discussions. So, this is kind of connected with the comments. So, here are all the kind of different options and settings that you could have for comments. So, read through those, make sure that you understand them, and things like that. Media. So, didn't know that this was here until recently. And this is a nice resource to have, especially if you're working with somebody who might be working with a graphic designer, and you need to kind of tell them how many pixels each of the different sizes are, depending on what part of the page you're in. So, this is a nice resource to kind of share with them the different sizes, or if you want to make your sizes different, you can adjust them here. Permalinks. So, permalinks has to do, especially with post, is how you want people to be able to find it. So, right now I just have a basic post name, but if you have multiple authors, you might want to do a custom structure where you have the author's name, the title, the year maybe, you might want to have the year too. So, with that, last is privacy, just a quick little overview of that. And then, like I said, sometimes your plugins will have a settings for that. So, that would be in there. And we are out of time. Our last thing is the collapse menu. So, this is just to close that up to give you a little bit more room, and you can open it back up. So, kind of learn the icon so you know where everything is. All right. Well, thank you, everyone. Any last minute questions? I hope that this was informative. Again, the documentation page I really love. So, you know, take a look at what they're doing there. I'll make it smaller. The other fun thing, too, is the blocks. So, if you are looking at all the different blocks, if we go into the customizer, it breaks it down. There's your block editor ones. Default themes are all listed. Design blocks. I really like this page, too. The different media blocks, the text blocks. And it breaks it down into what they do. Classic block. So, I hope that we've given you a bunch of great resources to help you on your WordPress journey. Again, you can find us at learn.wordpress.org.


And Senator from Canal State Kabiru Gaia has thrown his weight behind Vice President Yemio Shimbajo's 2023 Presidential Ambition. He said that the Vice President possesses the quality and competence to lead the country and these he has demonstrated while serving as Vice President to President Mahmada Buhari in the last seven years. Senator Gaia said these raceful Professor Yemio Shimbajo is not about personal ambition but about a positive response to purpolist. Elections somewhat of Professor Yemio Shimbajo pre-degree who has direct insight into the depths of our challenges as well as current strategies and tactics being held, being laid out to tackle them. We have a great chance to move ahead without much waste of time because he is within the system. Nevertheless, a lot is being said by many.


Okay. On the last problem we were working, we added the weight of the beam almost as an afterthought. I forget how many kips of load it was carrying, four or five kips per foot. The weight of the beam was only about another 30 pounds per foot. Couldn't hardly make a difference. Sometimes it can, just the tiniest bit. If you've got a really good, efficient beam that you haven't included the weight yet because you didn't know what the weight should be, it's possible it'll put it over the limit and make you move on. Yes, sir. It doesn't matter. Let me just say this. We, no and I mean really, you know, you'll have to go back and I understand it. We're starting over basically. But we designed a beam and we're going to design another one right now. We designed a beam to handle lateral torsional buckling using those graphs. Those people that used to look like this. Of which each page in the book gives you a little tiny window on to pick a beam. That's correct. We picked a beam not knowing its weight because we didn't know what the beam was. After we found the weight of the beam it added a mere 30 pounds a foot to it. Someone asked, shouldn't you recalculate the C sub B with the new loads? You really never need to. In that case, you and I had a 192-kip-foot moment straight line, horizontal line because there was no uniform load. There were just two concentrated loads and it dropped down. I went ahead and added the weight of the beam and the 192 here went to 196.8. We took that into account when we checked to see if the beam still worked. But we didn't redo the C sub B. The C sub B now rather than being 192, 192, 192, 192, 192. If you remember that C sub B was 12.5 times M max divided by 2.5 M max plus 3 M at the quarter point plus 4 M at the half point plus 3 M at the quarter point, that was our correction factor because we were being nicer to our beam than Timoshenko's graphs were being. He was taking the worst case. So when you put in the new numbers, don't put in 192, I don't remember what this is, is 194, 195.1, 196.8. These are your new M max and your new M quarter and half and quarter points. And I just stuck them in. You can take my word for it or work it out. The added beam, of course, C sub B has always added strength. And so we got a little added strength. We got about a percent more strength coming to us than we took. We already picked the beam was okay with the added moment. You really didn't need any added strength to the beam. And so it wasn't really necessary. The point being that you can either take your C sub B on the moment diagram and excluding the weight of the beam or including it, it's not normally going to make any difference at all between the C sub B that you get to use. Here's another one, same idea. This is example 512 in your book. It's an A992 steel roll shape for this figure. There's a nine-kip service live load. And there is a three-kip per foot uniform dead load, 30% of which is dead and 70% of which is live. So three-tenths of the three you see is service dead and 70% of the three is service live. So there's two live loads on there and one dead load. He says I'm going to again neglect the beam's weight and I'll check it later. As a dead load uniform, 30% of the load shown, or .9, and 70% of that same uniform load is live. So this is your live load.  So there's a guy who's dead there. Plus 1.6 times live is 2.1. 1.6 times the 2.1 gives you 4.44 so far for the uniform load. Remember the uniform load, I'm not talking this guy, the uniform load was 30% dead and 70% live of the three shown.  So it all gets the 4.1.6 treatment times the 9. It's 14.4 kips and we're ready to draw a new load diagram. So with these numbers, here's your new load diagram.   And here is the only concentrated load was live, hence the 1.6, 14.4, 14.4. So we're trying for a real load and then a shared moment diagram so we can design the beam. But we've got to take the loads as the boss gave them to us, split them up, factor them, add them all together, and then stick them back on the beam. Now you can get the moments you need for your C sub B first place. This is a uniform load, so this is pretty much parabolic. This concentrated load in the middle is going to cause a kink in the diagram there. So it really ought to be shown probably a little lower. There ought to be a noticeable kink right there. And then it comes on down. It's not that that's going to matter much as long as you get the right quarter point, half point, three quarter point moments. It's braced at three places on this one. I don't believe the other one, it was braced in the middle. So you're going to be analyzing either this beam or this beam. They're both 12 feet, so I don't care. Due to symmetry, I don't care. Just design me a beam that'll hold up this load between brace points and it'll be okay. And then don't forget that this M max is the one that'll have to resist a plastic moment as well. Yes, sir. I will show you how to do that. If M max is outside of the range, then it will not influence your C sub B, but I got one just answering that question in a minute. Just so happens. Well, no, somebody last semester says, what happens? And I say, I don't know. Let's see. So I don't care how you get these moments from your 221 class or from your 305 class. In this case, he just took a free body. Don't guess I drew one. He took a free body. Here's the reaction. 60.48 kips. He came out an arbitrary distance, X. I thought, sure, I had that picture somewhere. He put his uniform load on there. 4.44 kip per foot. He put on the beam a positive shear and a positive moment, and he solved for the equation for a moment at any point, X. 60.48 times X minus the height, 4.44 times the base, X times the distance to the centroid, X over 2. They got a nice equation so that he can find the moment at the quarter point, moment at the half point, moment at the 3 quarter point, and the moment at the end point, M max. Here's where he cranked those numbers out. So he has M sub A, M sub B, M sub C, and M max. He then drops those into his C sub B equation. He cannot get C sub B from page 3-18. I wonder what 3-18. It seemed like 3-18 was a page with nothing but C sub Bs on it. It's the chart. Right, he's got about 4 or 5 C sub Bs on it. And you'll notice that he doesn't have one like this, does he? He's got one with nothing but this on it. But there's no way to combine the two to get the C sub B for this case. So you have to work out this equation on your own. And I tell myself, I've got a picture of this on page 210B if you still have those notes in the notebook. Sometimes I'll put one in front and it'll tell me I've got one to show you. So you put those numbers in and you get a 30% increase over what Timoshenko gives you on the graphs. It's yours. It truly is. Because you did not stress these fibers nearly as much as you could have, nor these, nor these. You don't have near as much tendency to laterally, torsionally buckle as the graphs indicate. Those graphs are for and say C sub B equals 1 and nothing else. So he says enter the unbraced length on the charts with an unbraced length of 12 feet. That's correct, brace, brace, brace, 12 feet. And he says, don't go in there with M max of 406. He says, since the charts aren't any good for C sub B not equal 1, take your moment and divide it by 1.36 on the way in. And I say, okay, I'm not sure why that would work. He says, if you go back to your equations, I don't know if I've got them here. You just can't carry all this stuff. Build the battery. I don't know how that happened. The equations, goodness, they've been way back there, though. Yeah, I don't have anything with shear equations. You got equations for M nominal according to Timoshenko. And those equations were used in plotting these graphs. I'll leave it for you to go back and dig them out. And you had a L sub P. Yes, sir. I'm sorry. Might as well. Probably didn't really kill the battery. Probably was just going dead. You have a long old equation, square root, square root, square root, those kind of things. It has a C sub B on the outside. Anybody happen to have a page number on that? Doesn't matter. I'll take it. I'll leave it for you to dig it out. But I will tell you that every one of these numbers on this thing right here, except this one, has a C sub B, such that if you want to pick a curve, you can come in with the moment, and you could come in with this one, and that thing would really be C sub B greater. Now you've got to be careful. You can multiply this number times 1.1, and you can get this, and that's okay. And you can, if C sub B is 1.2, then maybe that's okay. But if C sub B comes out 1.6, and you say great, I picked a beam with C sub B of 1, my gift is a 1.6 above Timoshenko, that number is correct. The beam will not buckle until that load is reached. But the beam will not reach that level. It'll only reach up to C sub B and sub plastic. So that's the only thing you have to worry about. The C sub Bs, you can take that present on your way into these graphs. So I'll show you what it does. You need a moment that'll go 4.6.1. I'm going to let you go into my graphs, into my charts with a 4.6.1 over 1.36, to make sure that you only need 299 kip foot of resistance of moment. Here's that graph. There's a bunch of them, of course. But the first thing I did is I looked over on the left-hand side and found somebody who had 299. And I went across the bottom where it said 12. And then I said, okay, a W18 by 50 won't work. I said a W12 by 58 will work. But there's lighter ones ahead above because this is dashed. And then a W10 by 68 will work. And then I found a solid line as a W21 by 48. A W21 by 48 will hold 311. You say, well, now, wait a minute. I'm just going to need 4.6.1. And you're telling me you're going to hand me something with only 311 capability in lateral torsionally buckling. I'm going to say I admit that. However, when you come back out of the room with your W21 by 48 beam, which only has the ability to handle 311 according to lateral torsionally buckling, at that time, you'll get to apply your Christmas present to it. You'll get to multiply 311 times 1.36. And that's what we're going to do. Here's your 311, which the beam will really carry before it buckles, except you didn't bend it as bad as those charts think, times 1.36. It will not lateral torsionally buckle before 423. Now, the only thing is, any time you apply this CCB, that's the only time you ever might go over in plastic. So you have to check this beam, which is perfectly great for lateral torsional buckling, to see if you already killed him with a plastic moment. Now, let's go back and sometimes you can do this. You can follow the W12 by 48 up, and you can find his plastic moment right there. You can also get that moment where else. Then the Z-tables, that's where you can get it. It's in there, too. And that's a good place, for instance, to get this guy's plastic moment, because when you try and trace it up there and see what its plastic moment is, it's not on this page. You could track it to the next page, then you could track it to the next page, and then it'll finally, they all do, they all finally crater out at a plastic moment. But in that case, for one of these that doesn't just come right up here and die, giving you a piece of B in plastic, then it's a good idea to be able to use the Z-tables. So I think this beam's probably going to be great. Number one, it has 311, which I really get more than 311, because I got a present coming. I really get 423, and 423 is more than I need. 423 I only need 406. And now then, let's check its plastic moment. Here's its plastic moment, it's 398. That's including the fee. So here's 398. Oh, bummer! See how I don't get as much as I need? The beam fails at 398. It fails just shy of what I need with a plastic moment. So now then I got to say, bummer, it's no good. Required, it's 406.  Available, there's only 398. It's no good. Enough to fix. If that one doesn't work, a 21 by 48, we simply scoot up here until we find a W18 by 55. W18 by 55 is a number a lot lower than the required 406, but I'm in the no c sub b office. Then as I walk into the no, out of the no c sub b office, I get my 1.36 applied to this. And of course I know it's going to work, because I already picked a number which, when multiplied by 136, is going to work. For the next trial shape, move up the charts to the next solid curve and try a W18 by 55. For 12 feet, the design chart is 335. 335 is correct. When you bring it out of the Timoshenko room, you get an extra 1.36. There's a 1.36 and 335. That's bigger than I needed. I needed 406 bigger than I need. And he says this is also greater than FISA b m sub p. Well, that's not good. That's not bad. That's okay. In other words, it won't laterally torsionally buckle until you get to 456, but it may hit a plastic moment before that. His plastic moment is back to the 18 by 55. We can fortunately track it down. It's 420. So your thought that that beam would go up to 456, it won't. It's going to die at 420. But fortunately, 420 is still bigger than you needed. And so both criteria are acceptable. Number one, it won't laterally torsionally buckle. And number two, you have not driven the beam past its plastic moment. Now, adding the beam's weight. You know, we're getting pretty close to everything here. In this case, the beam's weight could hurt us.  It'll just be another 10 minutes. We'll pick another beam. Your 406.1 plus 1 eighth. The beam weighs 55 pounds a foot. 1.2 times 55 pounds a foot. 24 WL squared over 8. So 411 kit feet is necessary. That's still less than his plastic moment. And it's obviously less than his lateral torsional buckling moment. With the Christmas present, beam is okay. Now you say, how detailed? That's true. Cutting lots up into pieces. I used to do that with my dad. Closer minus a foot, close enough, don't care. You know, out in the middle of nowhere on the salt grass in Galveston. Of course they don't do that anymore, an inch. And you're talking a million dollars now for oil royalties and things. So don't do that anymore. This stuff here is detailed, yeah. Maximum shear. This is the load on, this was the reaction we had before. Here's where we're going to add the dead load. 1.2, 55 pounds a foot, 24 foot, half goes on each end. You need 61.3 kips on that reaction. That's your ultimate requested shear. You can go to the Z-tables. Here are your Z-tables. Here's your beam, 18 by 55. You got 212 kips of shear. Therefore you're way over and you usually always are. And so the beam's good to go. Now do you see all that? Probably. Do you understand all that? Kinda. You able, be able to do that on an exam? If you don't practice with that? I don't know that. I kind of doubt it. You'll drive around the block with this new car two or three times. It's a stick shift. I think by the time you get back you will be ready to go out in traffic. Take a quiz. Here is the answer to your question. What if the maximum moment in the beam does not fall within the region that we're designing? The beam has to hold the maximum moment, period. There's no way around that. When you first look at that you say, well this is a highly loaded beam. And this is a lowly loaded beam. And so that puts the preference on this one. You back up and you say, well except that this one is 20 feet long and this one is a lot less subject to lateral torsion. Because it's only 12 feet long. I do not know which will win. You would have to design two beams. Number one, you'll have a C-sub-B in this 12 foot region. You'll get, here's your loads. Here's your loads. They're already factored. Moment of the quarter, moment of the half. M max. M at the quarter. M on the ends. Not being used here. So you need, here the numbers are 142.81 and so on. Here's C-sub-B, 12.5 M max, blah, blah, blah. I worked out C-sub-B for the left-hand short region. Here it is. I got a 25% increase over Timoshenko's graphs. And I designed the beam flat out from start to finish. When I finally picked the beam, I made sure that it had this much plastic moment capacity. And once I had all those done, including the shear and everything else, then I was through with this section. And I proposed, I didn't really carry it out that far, but I proposed the beam. Then I went over to see if this beam controlled. Because even though M max is much lower and the other moments are much, much lower. I don't know if they're much lower, but they're lower. I don't know if they're even lower. Maybe they're the same. But whatever they were, I worked them out. And I found that C-sub-B for the long section, even though it was long, was a 1.667. Much more Christmas present in Timoshenko's world. And then I did the same thing. I designed a 12-foot beam with an M max of 328 with a 1.667. And then I designed a 20-foot long beam with an M max of 262.3 for my C-sub-B. But then I had to also 3 make sure beam B-C will carry 328. Because even though this is what you call M max when you're working at your C-sub-B, this is M max for the beam you're proposing. You're proposing to run that beam all the way across there. And if it doesn't carry that moment right there, you're gone. Does that kind of answer what you were asking? All of this stuff is stuff we've already covered. Every now and then you will find that deflections will control. We already talked about deflections controlling too much vibration or the sensation that the structure is not safe. There's a typical deflection, PL cubed over 3EI. It seems like the deflection on it. That's a deflection on a cantilever beam. I don't know. But there of that form, you can find on page 328 a moment of inertia table which will help you if you've got deflection problems. I'll show you that here. He discusses 345 stuff in case you didn't take our past 345. We'll assume that's not the case. He discusses things like here's a beam and here's a beam and here's a floor beam and here's a floor beam and here's a floor beam and here's the load and that goes to that beam and halfway should be your fair share goes to that beam. Remember all of that I hope? He discusses it. He shows you what they call a tributary area. He shows you here a concrete slab on some beams. He shows you how much is that beam's fair share. Gives you an example problem. He's told me a lot right here. He has told me that this beam will or will not laterally torsionally buckle. Sir, why not? Because your I-beams are up in the concrete. That's correct. And the way they actually do that, here's your I-beam wide flange and they'll put boards here or metal pans. They'll hitch them on to the web or to the flange. Then they'll put concrete on the top and if they need more tying this piece of steel to this thing here then they'll weld in these little studs about every six or eight inches running down the beam. That's not to support the flange. This is plenty to support the flange. That would be if you want to make a composite section, one where the concrete and the steel work together. So here's where he calculates the weights. I'll leave that for you. Slab petition, live loads, dead loads. My first interest in this is 1.2 times the total W pounds per foot plus 1.6 times the total live load per foot. 350 pounds a foot, 700 pounds per foot. 1.5 kip per foot is the 345 number I'm looking for. He says these beams that we are looking at, when they come in here and frame into a girder, they have almost no resistance to bending on their ends. The reason is the way they're hitched up. Here's the beam framing into the girder. They can weld a little steel tab on here and then drill holes and bolt it or they can bolt an angle to the web and bolt this to the angle or a T. But this little piece right here just has no ability to handle much moment. Therefore, this beam is freely pinned on that end the way it would be considered. So those are simply supported beams. They're simply supported beams with a uniform load on them and they have this kind of a moment diagram and what is cease to be for that kind of a moment diagram. 1. Not really. Good guess. Cease to be is only if you've got full blast, full blast, full blast, full blast, moment diagram, full blast, full blast all the way. That's how he derived it. He could have derived it in this one and then made other corrections, but that's not what he gave to us. 1.13, where did I get that from? I could have done the equations, but you know I'm too lazy to do that. I got it out of a table. Anybody happen to have that table tabbed? The book you brought with you? The cease to be table. Christmas presents for bending. I see all these. I can't see it from here. It looks right. What page is that on? 3-18. 3-18. Thank you very much. Was it 1.13? Well, that's pretty close. Yeah, okay. I thought it was 1.13. Thank you, sir. Okay. Well, here we go. I can tell you how we're going to find out. Well, he's not going to use a cease to be on this one, is he? Why is he not going to use a cease to be when he walks through Timoshenko's door? Why? These are important questions. They really are. They test your understanding. They say, give us a break. We can't understand yet. Why? Because we ain't going through Timoshenko's door. We only go through Timoshenko's door if they beat us with a stick into the lateral torsional buckling room. If you say this is not going to lateral torsional buckling, I'm not going in there. I never did like that place. And therefore, we don't need a cease to be. All right. Total factored load. Moment off of page 3-213. W squared over 8. 173 kit feet to have continuous lateral support so we can use the Z-tables. I brought the Z-tables with me. Surely. There we go. I need a moment of 173. 173. Okay, here we go. 173. 173. Here's one that works. It's a W14 by 30. There are others up here that'll give you 173 feet of BMSPX. However, they'll be heavier. You'll notice they run in little groups. This is the lightest one for these below. This is the lightest one, the next lightest one. This is the next lightest one. This is the next lightest one. You can check that out. 31, 35, 48. So we would try a 14 by 30. 14 by 30 gives us 177. We only need 173. So we're okay. Now we add in the beam weight. Woo, that's getting really close. Adding in the beam weight gives us 177, but it's still okay. And the old days, if this said the beam weight threw it up to 178, we'd put it down in a heartbeat. We wouldn't think twice. You couldn't possibly ask for that much accuracy. But the courts do. So I don't care if a Boeing 707 crashes into the building.  That's correct. And you'll say, well, first I need to explain to you about accuracy and engineering. And he'll turn to the judge and say, Your Honor, the witness is hostile. Please have him answer yes or no. And he'll look at you and he'll nod. And he knows he's got you. And so does the other lawyer. And you'll say, no. Thank you. No more questions. And you can try and explain that when your lawyer questions you. There's no explaining it. It says 178. Go get one that's got 178. Maximum shear, half of the total load on the beam. Again, the Z-tables are also a good source for finding the capacity and shear for that beam. The capacity and shear for that beam is 112. Usually always quite a bit higher. And you only needed 23. So the beam is OK.  On my notes here, it says C-next page. Well, I got a whole bunch more calculations on it. But that's OK. We were right to here where the 112 shear was bigger than what you asked. Now then, he also has a maximum deflection requirement listed back there on the previous page. He didn't want over L over 360. L was 30 times 12 inches of the foot divided by 360. Don't want it to deflect over an inch due to the live load.  I'll camber out the dead load. And I don't care. You don't have to factor the live load.  The worst thing that could possibly happen to you is a 1.6 times this live load. Then it's going to deflect more than an inch. And people are already terrified. The worst thing in the world just happened to you, so that's not going to change much. And we don't care. But we do care if, as the people are on it day by day, you get more than an inch of deflection, then that's not acceptable. Therefore, I will tell you that the delta L out of page 213, 3-213 for a uniform load on a beam is 5384 WL4 over EI. There's 5 over 384.  We have an overkid per foot divided by 12 inches in a foot. That's what the slash 12 is for. Here's your length in inches. Here's your E in kips per square inch. And this is in kips per foot. And 291 is the moment of inertia of the beam that you recommended you did too. I heard you do it. About an inch and a half. It's not acceptable. Good beam will not fail. It won't break. But when the people go in it and they feel it shaking around, they'll go to somebody else's building. What I'm going to do is I'm just going to solve for I out of this equation to see what I need. No sense in picking another beam, finding it doesn't work. Pick another beam, finding it doesn't work. Pick another beam, no reason. Let's just go straight for the I. Solving for I is 5 WL to the fourth divided by 384 E. The I comes up here. The delta comes down there. Delta required. I think that should really say delta allowed because it's allowed to be an inch, not required. If your beam doesn't have 440 inches to the fourth, it's not going to do the job. And he has a table for plastic stuff. He also has a table for moments of inertia because engineers can do this all the time. I need a 440, 440, 440, 440. I don't know what that is. Somebody else has been using my page here. 440, 440. There's the first 440 I see. And here is the lightest one I see is a W18 by 35. Just because it's got more moment of inertia doesn't mean it'll still work for lateral torsional buckling. Not a problem in this case. Or if it's still got enough plastic moment because it's deeper doesn't mean that it might not be a problem with it. So you do need to check it. Trying a W18 by 35 has more moment of inertia than we need, so our deflection is okay. Delta is okay. Plastic moment. I'll get that right off the same Z-table I had a minute ago. It's good for 249. I only needed 177. 177. Now, that's after the load, after the dead load was applied. After the weight of the beam was applied. You don't see the 177. But it's bound to be on there somewhere. There we go. There's with the dead load of the beam's weight applied. 177. It's greater than that. And the shear is also greater than we need. It seems good to go. So notice your checks now. This is back on an earlier page. Used to be you had that many checks just practically right out of the box. Number one, you had to make sure the plastic moment was okay. After you went into and out of Timoshenko's room, you had to check lateral torsional buckling while you were in Timoshenko's room, including any Christmas presents you got coming. Cease of B. You had to check flange local buckling. You do that easily by seeing if there's a little F on the beam you're going to pick. And you didn't have to check local buckling. You probably should state WLB never a case for this class. Now you've got to check delta max, and you've got to check the shear max on the ends. It does not. I don't think so. It's suggested usually in other codes. AISC has one. Some of the other real codes as opposed to specifications have them. We just kind of draw them from there. If you look in Segui, back where we were talking about those limits, he had various and sundry kinds that are commonly used. You will get the exact specification to be used when you go to the city and say, can I bid on this building and say, here are the specs. He says, dang, you don't like this thing to reflect more than a half inch. He says, that's what we like. He says, do I have to abide by that? He takes it back from me. He says, next, you don't get to bid. All right, so these are the things. This is another way you could have found out that 14 by 30. You could have just gone to the zero foot length and run up until you find somebody who comes out here bigger than 173, and the first one would be a 14 by 30. That's just another way you can do it. It's easy to find this page with these numbers on it, and so it's really easy to find the lightest shape. You just go to the 173, and you look for the lightest shape above that. It turned out it didn't work anyway because it wasn't strong enough once you walked back out the door. The plastic moment wasn't enough. Actually, that would have told you the plastic moment. We could have found it right there. There was a moment of inertia table. We've already done all of that. We've already done holes in beams. Let me just get a start on that. First place, here is a flange that somebody has drilled some holes in the flange to attach it to a column, or perhaps it's a splice plate to attach to another beam. We will have to provide such that we get as much moment as we need, sometimes the full plastic moment. On the compression side of the beam, the bolts are in these holes, and the loads will go right on here, and if things get really bad, the stresses in this region right here can go ahead and build up a little bit, and the hole will close up on the bolt, and the load will pass right on through. If you don't have holes any place, but on the compression side of the beam, there are no holes. If on the other hand, you're having to develop the moment, then obviously you need a plate on the top and a plate on the bottom. That plate's intention, that side has holes. Whether or not you have to consider them or not depends on the following thought. Number one, before you went drilling holes in things, that flange was able to carry this much force in the flange. The web, of course, is something different, and it's got no holes in it, so we would not worry about it. But the flange intention was supposed to carry the gross area of the flange. That would be B sub F times T sub W. B sub F being the width of the flange, T sub F being the thickness of the flange. I think that B is just B, it's not B sub F. When you multiply that area times the yield stress that you admitted you were going to put in there, it had a force. And you told me that force would be there and I'd like that force. Say, well, you know, the truth is the flange area is going to, a little of it's lost. Not a lot, just a little. I say, don't give me that. How much of it is lost? Well, I'll have to find the diameter of the hole times the thickness of the flange and I'll have to take off two of them and so the flange's gross area will now reduce down to the flange's net area. And I say, okay, do you still have the same force in there? You say, well, obviously not. I don't have as much area. I say, well, let me go run a bunch of tests on this and let's just see what we can do. Now come back with the good news. The good news, if you haven't taken too much area out you can run the yield stress right on up to the ultimate stress and things still work just fine. It's not like this is a weak link. It's more like a discontinuity. Now you could drill so many holes in there that when you multiply the net area after taking out the holes times f sub u you still don't have maybe half of how much I was expecting before you drilled holes in it. And I don't care how much less you have if you can't take your net area times the ultimate strength, the ultimate stress. If it's not at least equal to how much I had planned with the gross area under yield you must include the holes in the flange. And we'll take it up there next time. Think about that.


Purdue alumnus Captain Chesley, Sully Sullenberger, never expected to make the giant leap he did during his famous flight landing safely in the Hudson River. But the accomplished pilot, instructor and aviation safety expert continues to leave footprints worldwide. The international hero praises Purdue for supporting his early passion in understanding people, becoming a lifelong learner and influential safety advocate. Well, I'm Sully Sullenberger. I think I'm best known as the captain of the US Airways Flight 1549, which of course has been called the Miracle of Hudson. Well, after I graduated from the US Air Force Academy, I had the opportunity to go to graduate school and I got to choose Purdue. And I thought it would be a perfect fit. There was a professor there who was a real mentor and great influence on me, Ernest J. McCormick, and he was in charge of the industrial psychology department, which is what they called the precursor to human factors. It was a wonderful foundation for everything that was to follow in my safety work. It was a smaller university then, in a more intimate one. And I really got a great sense of the power of knowledge. And so that was something that helped feel my passion throughout my life for learning. I think I had already a great deal of intellectual curiosity and I was able to pursue that to a great extent at Purdue. And now as a speaker in applying aviation safety methodologies that we've used with such great effect to other industries, including medical practice, including manufacturing, chemical energy, and a variety of others, I've had a chance now to talk to audiences around the world, deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of much in the world, much in life, and concentrate not just on what to do and how to do it, but why we do what we do. But it shouldn't be surprising that our challenges are so similar, because what we're all trying to do ultimately is find ways to improve human performance in complicated systems that all involve inherent risk. But I'm a very proud Purdue alum, and I had a wonderful opportunity a number of years ago to meet an even more famous Purdue alum, Neil Armstrong. It was an honor to be in the same company as someone as illustrious. I think, like most people, I didn't expect that there would be a giant leap. I had hoped that at the end of my life I would have done enough things that in aggregate they would amount to something, they would lead to having a life well lived. But of course, life can throw you a curve. And on January 15, 2009, I think our giant leap was a group of strangers, passengers, crew, rescuers, first responders, rose to the occasion and made it their mission in life to see that everyone was saved. So perhaps that was my giant leap. It's interesting that six months before the famous flight, as I was nearing the end of my airline career and having been a safety advocate and safety expert and act investigator for decades, I felt like I had made a difference in changing the cockpit culture of my airline from the bad old days where captains didn't build and lead their teams who were autocratic and arrogant, they were solo acts who didn't listen to others and the accident rate reflected that, unfortunately, to where now we teach them the human skills, the team building skills and not just the technical skills, to take a team of experts and form an effective team, which is a different skill set. So we changed the cockpit culture. I was a pioneer in that effort of my airline. But I felt like if I worked hard and was particularly diligent and a fortune smiled on me that my greatest contributions might even still lie ahead. Of course, I had no idea that this famous flight was going to be one of them. But I still feel that way, even after the famous flight. If I'm hardworking and if I keep on pushing the limits and continue to be a lifelong continuous learner, then I may still make other contributions that are worthwhile and significant. I think the best each of us can do is to try each day to do what's available to us right in front of us and with some specific goal in mind to do more than just do a job to leave something significant behind, whether it's in terms of personal relationships or advancements in science. We have an obligation to keep on learning, growing, and doing the best that we can, serving a cause greater than ourselves. That was Captain Chesley Sullenberger. Look for more stories at purdue.edu slash footprints.


The World's Most Honored Watch is Lawn Jeanne. Lawn Jeanne watches have won 10 World's Fair Grand Prizes, 28 gold medals, and more honors for accuracy than any other timepiece. Lawn Jeanne, the world's most honored watch, is made and guaranteed by the Lawn Jeanne Whittenall Watch Company. It's time for the Lawn Jeanne Chronoscope, a television journal of the important dishes of the hour. Brought to you every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. A presentation of the Lawn Jeanne Whittenall Watch Company, maker of Lawn Jeanne, the world's most honored watch, and Whittenall, distinguished companion to the world-honored Lawn Jeanne. Good evening. This is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Lawn Jeanne Chronoscope? Mr. William Bradford Huey, editor of the American Mercury, and Mr. Jesse Abramson, noted sportswriter for the New York Herald Tribune. Our distinguished guest for this evening is Mr. Aza Bushnell, secretary of the United States Olympic Committee. The opinions expressed are necessarily those of the speakers. Mr. Bushnell, after many very serious political shows, I'm sure that our audience will welcome a talk about sports and good fellowship and the possibility of making some friends this summer. Glad to be able to take part in a little change of pace for you. Now, sir, will you tell our audience just briefly, will you fill us in on the background of the Olympic Games? Just what are the Olympic Games, sir? The Olympic Games are a series of athletic contests held originally in ancient Greece for some 1,200 years prior to the year 400 AD.  And when did the modern Olympic Games begin? Olympic modern games were revived in 1896. And except then, of course, there were war years in which there were no games held. 1916. In modern times, the Olympic Games, unfortunately, have been suspended on account of war. In the old days, wars were suspended for the benefit of the Olympic Games. I see. Now, this year, this is 1952, and where will the games be held this year? Helsinki, Finland. And you've already had the winter games, and now talking of the games, you mean the summer events in Helsinki? The summer events are thought of as the Olympic Games proper. The winter events are always referred to as the winter games. They're a subsidiary of the Olympic Games. Isn't that because the winter Olympics were added to the program as late as 1920, I believe, for the first time, Mr. Bushnell? That's correct, Mr. Abenson. The first several Olympic Games celebrations included no winter sports. Now, there's been a conception in our country that we have won most of the Olympic Games, or all of them. Is that a proper conception, sir? Well, no one wins the Olympic Games, Mr. Huey. The Games are made up of separate individual contests in which there is an individual or a team winner, but there is no national winner of the Olympic Games. Now, this summer, of course, approximately how many American athletes will participate in the Games? There'll be something over 300 if we are able to amass the necessary funds to send all of them to Helsinki. Now, these 300 people are going to Helsinki and compete there, and they're going to live with athletes from other countries? The basic idea of the Olympic Games is to summon the youth of the world to a meeting point for friendly contact and competition. They'll all live together in Olympic Villies. I see. Now, I'm sure that our audience would like to know something about the actual events and what our chances are, and the chances of our star athletes. Who is expected to make the best showing for or win the most gold medals for us this summer? Well, I assume that you think first, Mr. Huey, as most of the people in this country do, of track and field. So your question probably is directed to track and field. Mr. Bushnell, you say men's track and field because we have generally had a very poor women's track and field team. Well, when we say track and field, we mean the men's team, Mr. Abramson. When we say women's track and field, that's the women's team. Well, I think that in men's track and field, it's my impression, isn't it yours, Mr. Bushnell, that we will be just as strong in 1952 as we have been ever since the Olympic Games were reorganized in 1896? I think we have a wealth of material and a great many of the events of the track and field program. Not all of them, as you well know, but in good many of the events, we have a number of the leading contenders. Well, who has been, who is the most outstanding of all American Olympic stars? For the present day? No, sir. You're in modern Olympics. Well, I should thank Jesse Owens from his performance in the 1936 Games in Berlin when he won four gold medals. I think he deserves that designation, although Mr. Abramson may have some other feeling the matter. Well, Mr. Huey said, American athlete, I would have to go along with you on Jesse Owens if you said an American athlete. But if you widen the field to others, I would have to possibly take issue with you, Mr. Bushnell, and include Paavo Nermy of Finland. We also won four gold medals in one Olympic meet, as did Jesse Owens in 1936. Well, if we had to pick the outstanding modern Olympic star, would it be Nermy or would it be Jesse Owens? I think we make out a good case for either one. We need a lot of time to discuss and debate that question because there are both men who won four gold medals in one meet and no one else ever did except Jesse Owens and Paavo Nermy. Well, now, do we have a likelihood of a repeat performance? Do we have a Jesse Owens on our team this year? I don't see that in prospect. Although, to go back to one question you asked a moment ago, it would seem to me that Bob Richards, a 15-foot pole volter, is perhaps our outstanding individual candidate at the present time for the track and field team. He not only excels in the pole vault, but he's also progressing in the calf line and should make a good showing in that. Possibly only the second best showing in the world because we have the defender from 1948, Bob Mathias of Stanford. Wouldn't you agree, Mr. Bushnell? Definitely, Mr. Abramson. I don't think we can discount Bob Mathias. He will certainly be a leading candidate for the calf line gold medal. I'm sure that our listeners have noted that this year we expect to have the Russians compete. Now, have the Russians ever competed before? Russia has never been represented as such in past Olympic Games. That's even in Tsarist days and now in the Soviet days. This will be the first occasion. Now, in sports circles, is that regarded as something that's quite hopeful that the Russians are planning to compete? Yes, we feel that whenever competitors from the different nations come together in the Olympic Games, they are bound to develop friendships which cannot help being reflected in their country folk back home. How do you and Mr. Abramson think that the Russians will do in the track and field events this summer? I would defer to Mr. Abramson as far as the answer to that question is concerned. I think he would be a better one to speak up. What are the possibilities? As far as we know from reports emanating from Russia, I do not think there will be in our general class in men's track and field, limiting the discussion to men's track and field because I believe the Russians have the greatest women athletes in the world and we do not go in for developing women athletes, not in track and field anyhow. Why is it that we haven't developed great women athletes? Well, it's not part of, I believe Mr. Bushnell will bear me out because it's not part of our college program and we do not have the same system in women's track and field as we have in men's track and field. Very little opportunity for women track and field athletes to have competition, very little chance for development. Well, why shouldn't Radcliffe and Vassar and Wellesley and the rest of the women's colleges go in for women's track and field? Well, Mr. Bushnell? I don't know the answer to that, they don't. Now, do you expect that the Russians will send their athletes and that they will live together with ours? That is the normal procedure. Athletes of all the countries come together, they not only compete together but also live together in the Olympic Games. Well now, I hope that certainly would be a hopeful development. Now, there's a problem of money and of course you as commissioner of the Eastern College Athletic Conference and as secretary, you're interested in how we're going to get the money. Now, I believe that our athletes are sent by private subscription, aren't they? That's correct, Mr. Hewley. There's no government money involved. Most of the countries in the world do help subsidize their teams for Olympic Games competition in the United Kingdom and in the United States. There is no such arrangement of that sort. We must depend entirely upon popular subscription, gifts and donations from... How much money is needed? Our budget reached what is for us an astronomical figure of 850,000 for the 1952 Games, both Winter Games and Olympic Games proper. How do we propose to raise it? We get some of our money from gate receipts at the more popular tryouts, the tryouts of the more popular sports. But the great bulk of the money must come from individual contributions from sports-minded people, from individuals throughout the country who want to make certain that our team will be able to make the trip without leaving anyone behind. Maybe either you or Mr. Abramson have any suggestions as to how our audience, our sports-minded people among our audience can help raise that money. Well, we'll be very happy to receive checks and any amount from any one of them. Mr. Bushnell, I have an idea that might be helpful. There's been a lot of agitation against the college football games and the postseason basketball tournaments, and it's a great rush every four years to get this money together. A few, as commissioner of the Eastern College Athletic Conference, suggest that the football bowls and the basketball tournaments turn over a good share of their receipts to the Olympic Fund, which is an American system. A smart suggestion, and it would help in many ways. Is there to be an event in the New York area anytime soon, in which people can help? There is an Olympic carnival of five sport carnivals to be held at Madison Square Garden on Saturday night. The kick-button, Mr. Bushnell, and the greatest track athletes in as much as it's only a six-race program that we have in this country. I'm sure that our audiences appreciate you being with us tonight, Mr. Bushnell and Mr. Abramson, and thank you very much, sir. The editorial board for this edition of the Lone Jean Chronoscope was Mr. William Bradford Huey and Mr. Jesse Abramson. Our distinguished guest was Mr. Asa Bushnell, secretary of the United States Olympic Committee. The Lone Jean with Norwatch Company was happy to afford Mr. Asa Bushnell this opportunity on the Lone Jean Chronoscope to present the United States Olympic Committee's needs for funds. Our own company will certainly make a contribution and will, in addition, provide superlative timing equipment for all of the trials of the 18 separate sports events which will be represented in the United States Olympic team. This will require some 60, one-tenth per second, Lone Jean Olympic timers with a value of $30,000. These Lone Jean Olympic timers are considered to be the finest of all sports timing watches for all sports, and each watch has its own accuracy bulletin from a government observatory. Now, for certain events, we will also make available these certified Lone Jean wrist and pocket chronographs. The choice by the United States Olympic Committee of Lone Jean Watchers to time all events for the selection of the 1952 United States Olympic team is assurance that any records made will have international acceptance. The reputation for accuracy of Lone Jean Watchers rests on a solid record of achievement. Lone Jean Watchers of all categories have been classified first by the leading government observatories over the past 75 years. So if you wish to buy for yourself or as a gift just about the finest watch made anywhere in the world, your choice might well be Lone Jean, the world's most honored watch, a creamier product of the Lone Jean Wittner Watch Company, since 1866, maker of watches of the highest character. We invite you to be with us every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday evening at this same time for the Lone Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important dishes of the hour, broadcast on behalf of Lone Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittner Distinguished Companion to the world-honored Lone Jean. This is Frank Knight again reminding you that Lone Jean and Wittner Watchers are sold and serviced from coast to coast by more than 4,000 leading jewelers who proudly display this emblem, Agency for Lone Jean Wittner Watchers. This is the CBS television network.


Highlight CU species with tunable loading supported on end-oaked TO2-C were successfully fabricated utilizing MOFs at CUPC precursors via the pre-anchor and post-pyrolysis strategy. CU species with tunable loading supported on end-oaked TO2-C were successfully fabricated utilizing MOFs at CUPC precursors via the pre-anchor and post-pyrolysis strategy. Restructured CUN4 and CU4 performed the highest NH3 yield, 88.2 mole H-1-Cata-1, and FE, 94.3%, at minus 0.75 V due to optimal adsorption of NO3- and rapid conversion of the key intermediates. This article was authored by Shwayong Ji, Kusan, Jikoo and Lu, and others.