Place there in Ecclesiastes chapter 4. It's kind of depressing, huh? I love Ecclesiastes.  It's like, you know, the words of the preacher, right? And it's like, if you can't learn from preaching, you know, you can't learn, right? So look, tonight, the title of the sermon tonight is, In Handful with Quietness. In Handful with Quietness. What I'm going to talk about tonight is I'm going to look at a little bit of Ecclesiastes chapter 4, and I'm going to look at walking that line of hard work and being satisfied with what, you know, the Lord provides you in your life. All right? Look, I mean, there's a spectrum out there on this thing, right? So on one hand, you have these people who just, you know, don't want to work, right? They don't want to work at all in their life, and look, there's plenty of these people. We all know it, right? They don't want to work, and then they vilify those that do work, right? They'll vilify people that work by like, oh, you know, you just love money and all this kind of stuff. And then, you know, so that's one end of the spectrum. Ecclesiastes chapter 4 talks about this whole spectrum. Okay? And that's what we're going to look at tonight. The other end of this spectrum is those that work to just pile up riches for themselves. All right?  Well, they're both wrong, all right? And that's what I'm going to show you tonight, and we're going to show you that that's what Ecclesiastes chapter 4 is going to tell us. So let's explore the Bible and the words of the preacher tonight. Look, so much can be learned by listening to preaching, preaching, especially in this case. You know, learning from the experience of others. That's why I like, you know, Ecclesiastes so much because it's the direct experience of somebody that has learned something not necessarily the easy way, the hard way, right? So let's look down at Ecclesiastes chapter 4. Let's just start in verse number 1 and just look at the beginning of Ecclesiastes chapter 4 where the Bible says, So I returned and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun. And behold the tears of such as were oppressed and they had no comforter. And on the side of their oppressors there was power, but they had no comforter. Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yet alive. Everything is so bad that, you know, I just, I praise the people that are already dead. Yea better is he than both they which had not yet been, who had not seen the evil work that is done under the sun. Again, I considered all travail and every right work that for this a man is envied of his neighbor. This also, this is also vanity and vexation of spirit. You know, those are two words that you'll see, you know, two phrases that you'll see in Ecclesiastes over and over again. Vanity, vanity meaning it's just worthless, it's just something that's just carnal for you in this life and then vexation of spirit meaning it's depressing, it gets you down to even think about these things, right? So look, he's talking about in the beginning here, he's talking about, you know, oppression. You know, oppression that is going on in the world, right? I mean, look, turn to 1 Kings chapter 12. Look, there will always be, the only lesson here is that, you know, there will always be oppression in the world. Okay, and the irony of this beginning part of Ecclesiastes chapter 4 is that even Solomon himself oppressed people. Okay, that's a little bit irony in Ecclesiastes chapter 4. Turn to 1 Kings chapter 12. If you remember his son who was about to take over the kingdom, the people came to his son and they brought this to him. And in 1 Kings chapter 12 and verse number 3, the Bible says, that they that sent and called him in Jeroboam and all the congregation of Israel came and spake unto Jeroboam saying, thy father made our yoke grievous. They're talking about Solomon. Now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father in his heavy yoke which he put upon us lighter and we will serve thee. So look, no one knows the whole truth here on how oppressive, you know, Solomon was, but this is like the first union grievance in the Bible. It's kind of the way I look at it, right? All the people got together and they tried to negotiate a better deal. They said, you know, Solomon, he's either working us too hard or taxing us too much or both and punishing us too hard or whatever it is. But look, there was some oppression there. There was some level of oppression by Solomon, right? So that's not the point of the sermon. It's just interesting as we begin. Ecclesiastes chapter 4. But now let's get back to the point of the sermon and back to this spectrum, this spectrum of either doing nothing in your life and not working and being lazy or just working to just build up riches on this other side. Ecclesiastes chapter 4 and verses number 5 through 8 give us this spectrum. Look at verse number 5. The Bible says in verse number 5, The fool foldeth his hands together and eateth his own flesh. And then in verse 6 it says, Better is in handful with quietness than both the hands full of travail and vexation of spirit. Then I returned and I saw vanity under the sun. There is one alone and there is not a second. Yea, he that hath neither child nor brother, yet there is no end of all his labor. Neither is his eye satisfied with riches. Neither saith he for whom do I labor and bereave my soul of good. This is also vanity.  Now there's a lot there. There's a lot there. But up in verse number 5, and we're not going to spend a lot of time on verse number 5, but basically in verse number 5 he says, The fool foldeth his hands together and eateth his own flesh.  And basically what he's saying is that this man who does nothing, who is slothful, who is lazy, will destroy himself. That's what he's saying in verse number 5. Now that is totally true today. I mean you can see it. You can see even men today that don't work and start to just take this free life that by the way is being offered a little bit more and more every single day, every single week, every single year. It's being enticed in front of people every single day more and more. And the more they take that free money that they did not work for, welfare you can call it, the more it destroys them. It destroys their character. It destroys their odds of ever becoming the men that we're going to talk about in the rest of the sermon. Because I mean look, if you're just sitting there and you're just getting all this free stuff, it takes a person of character to stop taking that. But look, if you have character, you wouldn't take it in the first place. Look, this isn't the point of the sermon. But if you don't think that there is an agenda out there today to get people on government assistance and get people taking free things from the government more and more and more, whether that be straight up money or food or medical care. If you don't think there's not an agenda today, you're living in a dream world. And here's what it is. It's about control. Because when they provide everything for you, they can tell you exactly what to do. And there's nothing you can say about it.  You have nothing to say about what they teach there.  That's what they'll tell you.  It's a centralized machine that cannot be controlled at the local level. It's designed that way. You can't get on the school board and change it. You can't. It's designed to not be changed. So you send your kids to public school, and that's what they're going to teach them. That's what it is. You can't change it. You go to get government health care and all this. They'll tell you what shots to get. We're paying for it. They'll tell you what insurance you can get, what they will cover, what they won't. They'll tell you what's healthy, what's not. You wait. It'll get worse and worse and worse. And there's a lot more of that coming from what we're seeing today. You just wait. It's all about control. That's not even the point of the sermon. But the point is, is that the man that does nothing that sits there and folds his hands together will destroy himself. Period. And then it says, better.  Better isn't... So he's moving through the spectrum. He's like, here's the lazy bum who wants to just have everybody do stuff for him. And then he's moving to where you should be. And he says, better is a handful with quietness than both the hands full with travail and vexation of spirit. This is a man here who's just satisfied with what the Lord has given him. All right? So verse six is where you want to be. And then from there, a line is crossed the other way. You know, this guy that he's talking about in verse number seven, in verse number eight, he's talking about this guy who doesn't have any children. He doesn't even have a brother, you know, implying he doesn't even have any friends or any of that. Yet he's just working, working, working, working to pile up riches. His eye is never satisfied. You know this guy? I know this guy. Heeping up riches. And look, it implies in verse number eight that it gets worse as he gets older. Now I've seen this, I can't tell you how many times. People that get older and they just become obsessed with their possessions. Because look, if you get to be 70, 80 years old and you've worked pretty hard in your life, look, I hate to break it to you, but if you work hard, you can still make it in this country. Well, maybe two weeks ago. But if you work hard, you can still make it in this country.  You might have some possessions. But I've seen people that are verse number eight and they just, it just, it overtakes their life.  And all you care about is stuff. I mean you would think, you would think that it would get, you would just care. I mean that's where I want to be, right? That's where you want to be. Like the older you get, I mean it doesn't even, what does it even matter? It doesn't even matter. I mean you don't even need it, right? I mean there's certain things that as we're raising families, you know, we might need a car. We might need a place to live. All these different things. As you get older and older and older, you don't even really need a lot of those things. Yet you become more and more and more obsessed. This is the person in verse number eight. Look, I mean by studies, actual secular studies show that as long as you, happiness from being poor to being rich, happiness is only really affected until you have enough. Like if you're just dirt poor and you have nothing, you know, then having a little bit more resources does make you happier. But until you have enough, and I don't know what that salary is or what that number is, basically they've found that when people have enough where they can provide a decent living for their family, then that happiness curve as they get more, it just flattens. It doesn't make them any happier. Secular people will tell you this. So this is, I mean, once again, the Bible gets no credit, right? I mean the Bible gets no credit.  And then the funny thing is, is that he doesn't even know who's going to get it. He doesn't even know who's going to, there's nobody in this case. Turn to Psalm 39.  It goes both ways. Turn to Psalm 39. Look at verse number six. So there's this idea that this guy doesn't even know, you know, he doesn't even know who's going to, he says, for whom do I labor? He doesn't even know who he's going to leave it to. He doesn't even, he doesn't know who they are. Look at Psalm 39 verse number six. He says, surely every man walketh in a vein, in a vein show, surely they are disquieted in vein. He heapeth up riches and knoweth not who shall gather them. So let me ask you this. For whom do you labor? For whom do you labor?    Right? So what is it? What is a heritage? The actual definition of a heritage is your allotted portion. Turn to Psalm 16. So the Bible says that you should want, you know, if you've been left a goodly heritage, that's good, right? Look at Psalm 16 in verse number five. So what type of heritage should you leave, first of all? Let's just look at this idea of leaving and heritage. Psalm 16, the Bible says in verse number five, the Lord is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup, thou maintainest my lot. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places. Yea, I have a goodly heritage. Turn to Psalm 61. So, I mean, I hope my kids can say that I left them a goodly heritage. So let's look at, you know, what that is, what that means. Look at Psalm 61 in verse number five. For thou, O God, hast heard my vows, thou hast given me the heritage of those that fear thy name. So here he's talking about the heritage of people that have taught him to fear the Lord. So he's talking about, you know, this idea that he had these people that passed this heritage down to him to fear the Lord. That's a goodly heritage. Turn to Psalm 119. Psalm 119. What other type of heritage should we, you know, look at leaving to the next generation? Psalm 119, look at verse 111. Psalm 119, the longest chapter in the Bible, verse number 111. The Bible says, thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever. For they are the rejoicing of my heart.   That's God's testimonies is the word of God. He's saying, you know, I've taken them as an heritage. So that's his heritage. So God's law is a heritage that you can leave to those that come after you.  You can pass along the what? The fear of the Lord and the love for his law. You can leave that heritage, period. That's a good heritage. So let's get back to, you know, the earthly possessions and these types of things. So where is this line? Where is this line? What's the application of Ecclesiastes 4 onto your life? Where is this line? So I want to apply it in two areas. I want to apply it to number one, your life on this earth and then your heritage that you leave. I want to apply it to those two things. Turn to Luke chapter 12. Let's look at your life tonight. So we're going to look at your life and we're going to look at your heritage. We're going to apply Ecclesiastes chapter 4 to those two things. Turn to Luke chapter 4. Luke chapter 12, I'm sorry. We're going to look at your life first. Luke chapter 12 in verse number 15. Very famous story in the Bible here. The Bible says in Luke 12, 15, it says, Take heed and beware of covetousness, for a man's life consisted not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth. Possesseth. And he spake a parable unto them, saying, The ground of a certain rich man brought forth plentifully. And he thought within himself, saying, What shall I do because I have no room where to bestow my fruits? And he said, This will I do. I will pull down my barns and build greater. And there will I bestow all my fruits and my goods. And I will say to my soul, soul, thou hast much good laid up for many years. Take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry. But God said unto him, Thou fool, this night thy soul shall be required of thee. Then whose shall those things be which thou hast provided? So is he that layeth up treasure for himself and is not rich toward God. So here's a man who did well and God killed him.  So what was the problem here? What was the problem here? Let's break this whole story down. Look, the ground, the ground brought forth plentifully in verse number 16. So first of all, who did that? Who did that? Who makes the works of your hand just turn into things that just work out for you? That's the Lord blessing you, right? So then he built these storehouses, right? He built these storehouses to put all his fruits and what the ground provided to put all these things in it. No, let me ask you something. Was that the issue? Was that the issue? Was that he built bigger barns and he built bigger storehouses?  Because let me tell you something. I've heard this story used to preach against financial success. I have heard this used that way. I'm going to explain it to you. There's two lessons in this story. There's two lessons here. Number one, God does not want you storing up treasure with the end game of laying around eating and drinking. I mean, this does away with most people's idea of retirement. I'm sorry. In America, anyway. I'm going to store up millions.   Are you kidding me? I mean, first of all, it's never even made secular sense to me. But no thanks. You know, look, that doesn't mean I'm not saving, though. That doesn't mean that you shouldn't save. That doesn't mean that you shouldn't be responsible with the blessings that God has given you. But look, to Americans, that's the dream. To get to this point and just do nothing but eat and drink.  I mean, that is crazy. Look, we're out soul-winning on Thursday. I mean, this isn't even part of the story. We're out soul-winning on Thursday. And that's all people are doing. I mean, people are sitting home and they're just getting drunk. They say alcohol sales since the whole lockdown thing have gone up like 60 to 80%, depending on what kind of booze or whatever there is. And it's true. We're walking up and down the streets.  I'm like, I tell Garrett, this is perfect. She's sitting in a lawn chair. There's a chain link fence right there. The fence is like that tall and she's like 10 feet on the other side of the fence. She's sitting in a lawn chair staring at the street bored out of her mind. I'm like, this is like shooting fish in a barrel. I told Garrett. And I walked up to her and I'm on the other side and I got these nice big font, things that we made and I'm like, hey, you know, would you like one of these? I get to open it because she's just like, oh, that sounds really interesting but I can't even talk now. I've been drinking all day and she couldn't even speak. She's so drunk. There's your chance. What if that was her only chance? What if that was her last chance? What if God shows her at the great white throne and says, you know what? Sent somebody to you.  I could tell she's a nice lady. Just drunk. And she, and it wasn't that she didn't want to hear. She was embarrassed that she was drunk. She was embarrassed that some church guy showed up and is standing there and she's drunk. She's like, I'm sorry. Just kicks the bottle over. I'm not in... I can't listen to the Bible right now and I'm drunk. That's what Americans are doing right now. They're eating and drinking and I don't know, is that Mary? It's pitiful. So, he does not want you storing up treasure with the end game of that. It's pitiful. Even to a secular person that should be pitiful. And number two, he wants you using this success which he provided by the way to be rich towards him. To be rich towards him.  Verse 21, he laid up treasure for himself and is not rich towards God. That was the problem. He just laid up all this riches and he wasn't rich towards God, period. I mean, look, maybe hold on to your seats here. Hold on to your seats. Maybe, just maybe if you develop a methodology in your life early of being rich towards the Lord. Maybe this will work for your kids too. Just an idea. Maybe if you develop a methodology in your life early about being rich towards the Lord when he gives you that handful maybe you will use it to enrich his kingdom and not yours. Turn to Psalm 51. Look, if I could redesign this guy in Luke 12, this is what I would do. I'm not going to change the word of God here but I'm just going to give you a hypothetical. If I could redesign this guy's heart this is what it needs to look like. Turn to Psalm 51. Psalm 51. Look at verse number 13. If I could just replace look, what did that guy say in verse 19 he said and I will say to my soul soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years take thine ease eat, drink and be merry. He's just like take it easy. I'm going to take it easy now. That's what he's saying. If I could replace that heart with Psalm 51.13 I think we might have something here. We might have a guy that didn't get killed by the Lord where the Bible says I will teach transgressors thy ways and sinners shall be converted unto thee. If that guy was like you know what I just built up all these barns and I'm going to put all this stuff in these barns he's like I don't really have to work on the farm anymore you know what I'm going to do?  I bet you he wouldn't have died because he would have used those riches that God gave him to enrich the kingdom of God on earth period. Everything would have been good. That's what God wants to see with your success. God doesn't want you to not be successful but God wants you to use it for his kingdom. Well God is not against economics. He invented it. You know I wish more people understood economics. Economics is not the stock market. Economics is like gravity. It just exists like the invisible hand.  It's God's hand. But then you know what you see with every single society as soon as they start getting whether it's avarice which is unchecked greed or it's just immoral behavior in societies I mean look at us for crying out loud. Then guess what you start to see? You start to see those societies like it doesn't work anymore. The invisible hand of economics is God's hand. Wonderful things can happen. Life sustaining societies are created but God fearing. Look God fearing is the key there. God fearing.  We deserve it. So look God wants you to use the success that he gives you to further his goals. That's what happened with the guy that God took his life. He wasn't rich towards God. It wasn't the success that was the problem. Look to preach that story in the Bible is that the success was the problem. God made the success. God made the abundance for him. God did that. So either in this life or the next look he'll you know turn to 1 Timothy chapter 5. 1 Timothy chapter 5 in verse number 18 I mean the Bible the Bible God is not against you. You know being successful. 1 Timothy chapter 5 in verse number 18 the Bible says for the scripture saith that thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn and the laborer is worthy of his reward. Look God understands that. God understands that labor is worthy of reward. So the more you know resources the Lord gives you the more of a force multiplier you can be for the kingdom of God on earth with your life. You know it's that's what God wants. You'd be rich towards him in that way. So be a good steward and use it to enrich his kingdom. That's the first point there. That's your life. That's what God wants for your life. Is to I mean he wants you to use it to bless your children and create those generations that go out and bless future generations and bless the world even if you don't see it. He wants you to do what you can with what you have in this life for his kingdom.  That's what you're to do with your handful of Ecclesiastes chapter 4. Alright now let's talk about your heritage. Your heritage. Now here's another topic another subject that can be taken too far in both directions. Right? I mean you have these people out there they're just like you know they're so irresponsible and they could never save a penny if you try to force them to and they're like I'm not going to leave my kids anything and all this kind of stuff and then you have these people that just want to just make their kids rich and just give their kids everything. Both are wrong. Once again go back to Ecclesiastes chapter 4. I mean is it bad to leave your kids? I mean look you should leave your kids with the fear of the Lord leave your kids with the love of God's word. Those are all the things that are going to exponentially bless future generations. That's what we talked about this morning. But is it wrong to leave your kids some possessions? No. It's not. Go back to Ecclesiastes chapter 4. I'm going to read for you Psalm 39 verse number 6. The Bible says I'm reading this again for you. Surely every man walketh in vain show surely they are disquieted in vain he heapeth up riches and knoweth not who shall gather them turn to Proverbs 13 keep your finger in Ecclesiastes 4 Proverbs 13 look at verse number 22 Proverbs 13 in verse number 22 The Bible says a good man inheritance to his children's children and the wealth of the sinner is laid up for the just. Now go back to Ecclesiastes chapter 4. So it's not a bad thing to lay up some possessions for your children and your children's children. That's not a bad thing. But there's a catch here. Look at Ecclesiastes chapter 4 in verse number 13 Ecclesiastes 4 in verse number 13 The Bible says better is a poor and wise child than an old and foolish king who will no longer be admonished. For out of prison he cometh to reign whereas also he that is born in his kingdom becomeeth poor. I considered all the living which walk unto the son with the second child that shall stand up in his stead. That's your child right there that will stand up after you're gone. There is no end of all the people that have been before them. They also that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this is also vanity and vexation of spirit. Look, this is spoken by a man who is not liking what he's seeing in the next generation. This is spoken by a man who is not liking what he's seeing. Look at verse 14. He's basically saying better is verse 13, sorry. Don't spoil your children. Leaving an inheritance is a good thing but you should front load that inheritance. Because look, they must understand, it'd be better that they were poor than if you just took these children that knew nothing where that came from or knew nothing of what the generation before had to do. You know we saw this with Joshua, right? As soon as that generation that couldn't see what Joshua and those elders had done as soon as they couldn't see it anymore it was disaster. It's the same here. They must understand how to work for things. You know, they must look, they must understand how to use the riches that the Lord may bless them with to further his kingdom. So in order to understand that they need to see through your testimony through your life they need to see the fear of the Lord. They need to get that heritage from you. They need to get the love of God's law from you. And then on top of that they need to know who labored for them. You see how that's a common theme here where it just says the next generation they don't even know where it came from. Who knows who this next generation is? They should know. They should know where everything came from. They should know where that fear of the Lord came from. They should know where that love for the law came from through your testimony. And then they should know if they do by God's grace inherit a few bucks from their dad or their grandfather they should know what it took to make those few bucks. Period. Turn to Luke chapter 15. Let's look at a rich and unwise child. So it says better is a poor and wise child. Let's look at a rich and unwise child and see if it's true. Look at Luke 15. Turn to verse number 11. Better is a poor and wise child. Look I mean it's not bad to grow up poor. It's not bad. Look at Luke 15 verse number 11 and he said a certain man had two sons and the younger of them said to his father father give me the portion of goods that fall with to me and he divided unto them his living and not many days after the younger son gathered all together and took his journey into a far country and there wasted his substance with riotous living and when he had spent all there arose a mighty famine in the land and he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country and he sent him into his fields to feed swine and he would have feigned to have filled his belly with the husk that the swine did eat and no man gave it to him.  You ever heard that? Well it's actually proverbs 21 20. It says there is treasure to be desired and oil in the dwelling of the wise but a foolish man spendeth it up. There's a saying when I grew up there was a saying because you would have a lot of situations where some farmer would have just worked really hard for 40 years and built this big farm or this big ranch or whatever. There was a saying when I grew up and if you would have asked anybody I grew up with whether it would have been people my age schoolmates whatever everyone knew a story like this. They said it takes one generation to make it and one to lose it.  They lost 50 years worth of work but they knoweth not. They kneweth not. Their dad was a man of character. He was a man who worked hard but he just didn't pass any of that heritage down to his son. So it didn't matter. He worked all his life. He kneweth not who he leaves it to and it was all gone in five years and who cares because it's just money anyway but I mean the point is that it's better to be a poor and wise child. A poor and wise child that's what you want. They need to understand your kids need to understand how hard it is to earn. Because look you're commanded you're commanded men to go out and earn right? How are they going to know? How are they going to know how to earn if you never show them? If everything's handed to them. It's like it's like child welfare right? It's destroying them a little bit at a time. They have to start of it. They have to start learning. You have to teach them to fish. Then when someone gives them a few fish they'll understand what it took to catch a fish. And this because look they not only knew but they were there helping catch the fish and they witnessed those fish being caught. That's how it has to work and that's what people mess up. So no it's not wrong to leave your children in inheritance like an actual physical inheritance. That's not wrong. But if you don't want to destroy them they need to know who caught the fish and they need to know how to catch those fish and what it takes. Remember Psalm 39 where it says he heaped up riches and knoweth not who shall gather them. So this guy who heaped up the riches he was just he was just heaping up the riches the whole time just like that farmer. He was just working plowing forward all the time just more land, more cattle, more whatever and he just he forgot to teach the next generation and then it was for nothing and it's all vanity and vexation of spirit. And look if you don't teach them that first heritage that heritage of you know from your testimony of loving God's law and fearing the Lord even if they do inherit something they're not going to use it to enrich the kingdom of God anyway. So it's a whole package. You're like man there's all these things I have to get exactly right. Yep. That's why so many people don't get it right.  I mean haven't you wondered haven't you looked at all these people out there and be like man that's a really good man man that's a really that's a strong Christian. Why did his kids turn out that way? Because if it was easy everybody would do it. There's a lot of things here. You have to pass on that actual heritage of the Lord or the other heritage will be wasted. They'll be begging for swine food to eat. Even if you give them a million bucks or whatever the guy gave them here it doesn't matter. And then even if you raise them to be some business man and they don't want to serve the Lord it's all wasted anyway. You still lose. Those blessings still aren't passed on like we talked about this morning. They got to have that fear of the Lord and they got to know how to work and they got to know all the things that it took to get those blessings in this world and how to manage those blessings from God. It's a lot. Are you nervous dad? You should be because it's a lot. You need to start teaching them now. You need to start teaching them now. It also says in Ecclesiastes chapter 4 for whom do I labor and bereave with my soul of good. You should know who you labor for. So we see this idea of the person getting the inheritance not even knowing how it was earned the person giving not being connected to those receiving you know look it doesn't work. There's a lot that you have to connect together here and it should make you nervous. There's a line between not working and heaping up riches. That's what we've seen. Take your handful work hard for it when the Lord gives it to you take it with quietness and use it for the Lord. And then teach your children to take that handful and if they inherit a partial handful they should already know how to use it for the Lord. They should already know how to manage it and then they will rejoice in you and they'll rejoice in their heritage from you and they will say yay the lines have fallen to me in good places. I have a goodly heritage they'll say and they'll use those riches for the Lord as well. So note God is not against financial success but it's to be used for his kingdom period. It's really simple and to pass that down. That's really kind of the conclusion of both sermons today is to pass that down successfully to the next generation. First of all, there's great reward in it. There's great reward in it for the world for the generations that come after it's an exponential force multiplier we saw but it's not the easiest thing in the world to do. Because that means that we have to walk by faith. It has to be real it can't be fake. We have to I mean we gotta do it right. This is why you have to come to church.  Let's bow our heads and have a word prayer. Dear Heavenly Father, we thank you for this church. We thank you for this evening. I pray that you just be with us as parents and be with us in this life Lord that we may just live out our faith that would just project a testimony onto the next generation and that we just get this thing right Lord. Help us always be in our Bible and learning and applying what we both read in the Bible and hear from the pulpit. Lord we love you and we thank you in Jesus' name. Amen.


And our next speaker is Jean-François LaVar of NCAR, who will be talking about modeling the couplings across the Earth's surface in CES and the community Earth's surface. Thank you. Good morning, everyone. So, I think I did a great job at introducing some of the aspects of the current model or the system model that the grid developing in NCAR and throughout the community. So, I was chosen in the same building as Jean-François LaVar, knowing what he was looking for. So, it's something that's maybe a little bit general, but hopefully it will just generate parts that people might get back to me. Unfortunately, I won't have to run right after this meeting, but please contact me. You can find my email in the description using the different word. So, CES. So, CES stands for Community Earth's System Model. And so, the real works is that even though we have a really large room at NCAR working on this model, this model can only be made and work and work well because there's a very large community of people outside NCAR that is developing and using testing writing papers. All sorts of ways we can actually make this thing work. And what is this thing? So, a slightly different version of the one I'm going to show. So, we have basically five main boxes. One is the atmosphere, land, sea, ice, ocean. We now have the land ice representation of glaciers in the model. All has been taught to each other through a coupler. And in addition to those big boxes, we have some variations. We have some versions of the atmosphere, whether it's interactive chemistry, tropospheric aerosols, ozone. We also have the very high top, which we call the whole atmosphere, which extends right now to 150 kilometers for the people who are interested in the atmosphere. I don't think there's too many in this room. But depending on the number, we're starting to get up about space weather. So, we have some variations of the stellar ability that's influencing the atmosphere. Very important for people who have stellar lights up there. And then, so there's another thing that I'm going to talk about, the biology of chemistry. So, having the representations of biology both in the ocean and on the land. And we'll be discussing today. One of the reasons being that knowing that energy is in the bottom of the ocean, most of my talk will be about land. But it can be applicable to just your raw structure to different species. So, we have this big system that we can make work with earners being coupled, or some of them being coupled. So there's a lot of flexibility because we want to start to understand how the system works. We don't just have the most complicated system all the time. We want to be able to cut things up. So, we try to start cutting those couplings and feedbacks that were discussed before, to see if I'm part of the data. And so, this system we started running for a long time at simulations. And the type of IPCC that are being used in IPCC reports and numerous papers. This is through a number of courses. And we're starting to get fairly limited in what is being done. And so, for example, we might specify greenhouse gases, some of the longer greenhouse gases and emissions. We also have volcano eruptions. We don't do these new volcanoes in use. And I started out with the event of really changing certain things that we don't have internally done. But then what we try to do is to have everything else. Everything else being explicitly represented in the model. And we've already seen attractions. And indicated that we are most of the job at talking about and talking about new attractions. So, this is just a very brief... So, this is the way we actually get things done. We have working groups which tend to focus on specific aspects. We have a group on atmosphere model. And if you want to know how the convection is being done, then this is the group. And we'll be discussing this and where to go next. And then all those groups, such as we have weekly meetings or bi-weekly meetings now, trying to work together on moving forward into the best model. And that, again, the rest of us have some work to do with this. This will be about a degree in size. Two annual meetings. We had one in February. And then we would have one in February. And then we'd make sure we go to the mountains. And then we have about 400 people. And for three days, this is where we can... And the people can talk to each other and get the coupling. There will be a couple of mechanisms to get all those people to put together. Because this is a lot of expertise. People are interested. This is the most common version of a description paper to what is to be a community versus a model. What are the boxes? And all that's done, and what it is in this model. We're generating thousands of years of simulations. For example, this is the climate model comparison project is live. So this is usually done in support of IPCC. And so this is a model in comparison. This is where we try to see where we're at. And of course I think this figure, because it's putting a lot of models at the top. Not all of them are dead. But the model is doing pretty good. This is a representation of the climate that we have a lot of people from a lot of places and a lot of different expertise using and testing the model. This is not just a small group of people. But right now, the standard configuration, similar to what Eric Lee has been discussing, the first version of the community or system model, is the atmosphere resolution. We have a degree, one degree, two degrees. Our work quality is the one degree. There's something that when we're running the intercom care, we can get about 20 years to double. Which is pretty good. Because we're going to be doing thousands of years. We do that with a seven minute time step. 32 levels from the surface to 40 kilometers. 72 to 250 kilometers. The ocean has two standard configurations. One for the degree and one degree. Ocean anglopters talk to the international. We don't want to do anything in between. So, either way, it's very resolving or we're not. So, there's no integration that we're really using routinely, at least. And then, Brownwell is... So, I wonder if it's about primary care boxes. This is a one and a half million lines of code. So, this is a big, big, really difficult, really tricky to keep track of. There's some time when we're trying to do events to people. And you can actually run this model on your laptop. But you're not going to run it at a pre-over degree. Or you might run it four times that. But, you can actually run it at a kind of a kind of breeze resolution. Really, really coarse. And just the atmosphere, not the ocean. But it's ridiculous, though. We're running a lot. And that's something that we really try hard. It's to make it usable by a large group of people. And you'll still have to compile one and a half million lines of code. Or a virtual code. And then, we try to do two. Generate good access that people can use. Because the model is only going to be as good as what you can make under the science with it. So, that's a good idea. And it's used, really, really by hundreds of people. And that will have a few years and two, really, at the end of the year. And so, we're working really hard right now on getting this going. And inevitably, not all, such as the USM, we have to deal with. For unfortunately, limited resources. We only have a computer as big as we have. But we have to balance complexity on some of the size of the line of resolution. And I mean, I've run a little bit of time discussing the sum of size and making it. Talk about it a little bit. I will make that point. And then, this is the complexity. The amount of processes that are being included into the model. And we're going to have a completely new model kind of climate models. And from the previous IPCC report. Where are the previous models? We're going to be giving different climate simulations. And to me, it's like, wow, this is amazing that we actually get something that we look at from the previous one. Because in the meantime, we've introduced so many processes that we are occurring in the real world. We're trying to represent it. The chances of things just exploding were extremely high. And yet, we were able to get something. So it's right at the base. And we're doing it through introducing processes. We're introducing them with enough information on the observations that we actually are learning something. We are representing more of a system than less of just putting things so that it works. And so we're going to continue this course towards complexity. And then this is going to standard IPCC. I could actually make this even more complicated. But this is going to blow me up having all sorts of pieces being added. The importance of internal mobility and the necessity for ensemble is critical. And it's critical in actually designing what the model should be. This is something that was done at entire and with a lot of people from Toronto. We're doing a very long control round. So this is something that's 1850 conditions. Nothing changes. The circumstances are the same. Conditions are the same. Nothing changes. Then we'll let the model go and just compute its own thing for everything else. And so I think of those regals. They're small. So for global surface temperature, they're small. They're not zero, right? They're regals. And so it's showing up here. And then regionally, it's going to be a lot more than that. So we have, I'm actually, this is an old slide. We actually have now 2,000 years. And then we started one ensemble member in 15, 19, 20. In 1920, we just started. And then we started with about 30 different ensemble members. We're defined by 10 to the minus 14 in one level audience. 10 to the minus 14 channel. So it's a bit better, huh? It's a better plan. And then we'll let the model go. So many areas are showing up. This is ensemble mean. So all those regals, all those gray lines are different ensemble. Because this is the first cross-system, most of it will kind of look the same. But that happens when you start looking at here for the trends over the 30 years. And over time, focus temperature. And so this is not a very high, we're not looking at extremes or anything here. This is just a linear trend over the 30 years of the surface temperature. And these are different ensemble members. And I'm only putting 10. And this is how different each of those can be for the early single-all calculation. And this is the ensemble mean. So if you put all of them together, these are the observations. The ensemble mean doesn't look like the observations, and lots of blue here, and not a number of blue here. But some of the ensemble members are showing. So you can start trying to, they said, what is going on? What is this one different than this one? And we need to try to understand why the odd, which in a way is a single realization of the world. And if the model was perfect, this would be just 30 realizations of the real world. And then you can start understanding how the system works, and why it's leading to the differences that you're seeing. In the meantime, when we're trying to answer what is the trend over the 30 years of the period by model, then we can just say, we can just run the model once and say this is this number. Even if we run it and change one digit in the temperature 60 years before the calculation, we'll get this. So which one is right? Is it this one or this one?  So I'm going to spend some time just to thank you to discuss this in the context of this drinking model, the carbon cycle in the US system. So again, when beyond just this kind of climate, temperatures, and precipitation, this is trying to do an air system and looking at the biology. So what is the carbon cycle? Well, there's a little bit in the atmosphere, there's a lot in reservoirs, whether they're in the ocean, they're in the salt, all sorts of flexes to going up and down. And there's actually very, very small net flexes, very large up and down flexes, very, very limited, very small numbers. And similar to what, and it was a lot of different time scales. So you can't be able to capture what is going on on the one to 10-year time scales, one to 100-year time scales on the land. And yet it will be important to know how much is being transported to the bottom of the ocean. So which is a very, very, very important for all roads. So in a cartoonish representation of here, what I'm going to be discussing, the land model, the first thing that we can include is ecosystems, how do plants actually work? How do they get similar and updated at the future and respiration? And then lastly, there are a lot of biogeochemical cycles that are going to be involved with biology. Seem to will be one, but then plants will also be emitting all sorts of stuff. Biogenics, botanical organic compounds. Soil, nitrogen emissions, methane coming out of woodwinds. So if you want to have a big picture of what is going on, then you want to start looking at the representation of those cycles. And then you can represent the background, the low ground, all sorts of processes. And then one of the big genres is obviously water. So you have to have glaciers, water, river routing, flooding, because flooding will make wetlands. Wetlands is where you're going to have wetlands emissions. So you have to be able to take all those aspects and then water ends up in the ocean. So you want to close the budget and whatever comes down from precipitation has to reach the ocean. And it's a critical part of the work that we do is very simply to just ensure conservation. Very rarely is it extremely simple that it takes hours and hours of people's time to make sure that we actually keep track of all the sources. And then it's all done under the pressure of human systems and human prohibitions. So instead of having natural vegetation, which we might be able to represent, we have to take into account the fact that crops will be used, there will be irrigation, there will be harvesting, we will make seeds which will change the albedo and the river. And so the land by where it does that is by really having a grid cell, which tends to be, in what we use for climate simulations, a one-degree grid. So that will always be one-degree grid. And then we pilot. We just try, okay, so we're over an hour, there will be a little bit of this, a little bit of this, a little bit of this, none of that, and a little bit of this. And then you start breaking down. Because then you can start having representation of all the processes in all the interactions that are going to be important to drive something that ends up being piled by groups. So we do nothing like the way that the real world is organized. But we move them and then this is then averaged. And this is what the information is given to the atmosphere. So the atmosphere will see the average sensible heat flux see what you want to represent. And so as I said, there's been a lot of time looking at everything that is being done. But these are all the processes that are now being present in the current version of CLM. A lot of work has been done on a really good representation of hydrology. Hydrology has had been a really major factor in having a good representation of biology. And so you didn't have to write the way CLP was being taken because you didn't have something as simple. It's a good representation of the soil, the distribution of soil, and where the water is. A lot of work has been done trying to get members of a couple of people with really hydrologists to have a really good hydrology model to be included in this. And this is one of the aspects of this work is that we're reaching out to more and more of the communities outside the standard climate workers to get all the information that we can. And then one of this is also there's this little piece here which actually ends up being a very large driver of the system. One of the biggest responses is the nitrogen deposition. There's more than C2 than carbon that the plants care about. They have all sorts of nutrients that they need. Nitrogen is going to be the first in order to have enough of carbon. Nitrogen. And then in nitrogen, you have to have a spectrum stream. You have to have emissions. And we can start doing those simulations in trying to have the representation over the Northeast U.S. and the pollution and what's being deposited. And then there is now nutrients that the plants can use. So we're going to be discussing the exchange of CO2 because I'm going to give you that. The other aspect of the resolution is this is a one-degree model. This is a 10-degree model. If you think of this trend of the world as being seen through this amount of kinetic energy or just the structures in this path, it's hard to know if the mean of this really leads to mean of this. So there is a need for high resolution. We have to push, we have to understand how much we are missing by using this model or our projections. And we're doing the same thing on the MSL. One of the approaches to trying to be smart once in a while at least is to go with the regular time of the regions of interest. Because in reality you might be interested in looking at things everywhere. But what are we doing here? And so if you're trying to do a little tropical cyclones, there is no tropical cyclone that just don't exist. There's nothing. But if you use those, we'll define them to 25 kilometers and then in the area where you care about and again it's where there was a point of energy to communicate, depending on the question. If your question is about tropical cyclones, are you a bit up with something with high resolution? Because then you start seeing tracks that are reasonably close in amplitude in the direction frequency to the real world. But then this is helping you but if you look this and this there's very little impact of having this high resolution over this region. So it's a limited means but this is one way in a limited amount of resources to go and start answering some of the questions that we do with all that. Well, C is the one first of all, it looks like the line is first. This is called an achievement. CSN is getting the rate of increased at normal level compared to the observation. Yet, this is a huge change in balance. Nothing that we can actually justify. This is not the price. And so we'll have the process of trying to get another hydrology, better presentation of all aspects of plants. And then this is where we started. Over the 20th century vegetation was actually a source of land. It was actually a source of the sea. So explaining at least the divergence between the two. Well, actually, the best estimate was CSN. And so now the improvements to biogeochemistry and the physics and the biophysics of the land model. Now we're getting much closer to the present day. So what I've been talking about is mostly this, where you're switching and then you have also to feedback temperature and then you can have some more information. After that it's warming. But really what we're after is something more like this. These are all the land biogeochemical feedback that are actually all in the calculus to understand the kind of system. Especially if you're interested in the regional scale. The middle scale, maybe you can just assume. And you get the complete temperature. But this is what we're after. And one of my projects is more on the ozone deposition. Because ozone, as you know since the 1950s, is actually really impacting the plant's ability to survive. And the high ozone in the plants is really effective. And so overall, in the present day, this is actually a non-ignigible part of the gross primary productivity. And this is the impunity for ozone. If you're really pushing the model and trying to reproduce some of the innovations and use all the structures, you have to start including all those processes that I've tried to highlight. So in this grant tour of CESN that I tried to show, when I looked at CESN, it was a very personal tool to explore the reactions feedbacks in the whole Earth system. And we're really showing to improve our process representation which is where interacting with people in the field and connecting with very, very different disciplines and expertise is where we're making progress. And the colleges we're working with people who grow and look at the fisheries, we have to talk to the people, we have to discuss very strongly with the hydrologists, to really understand how do we get there at the moment. And so I think this is a group that would be very well that is a very good place to have this discussion because we have to work with very different disciplines but in the end we can be able to put it all back in the kind of model we can use for our comments and reactions. Thank you. I want to talk about the audience because Jean Francois and I were talking earlier about budgets just so that we're clear we get about one million base funding and maybe three million in secondary funding so for a total of four million I'm not quite sure because it's heard in a tally up like CES and others but it may be more in the order of one million to ten million base funding and maybe 20 million in secondary funding. So the two communities are actively working to create standard models that can be shared by the communities both are very open source and this is probably the first time that CES has reached out in a proactive way to CESM to start working together and Jean Francois offered us to have the say in his sort of modeling world and I think we should take advantage of that and maybe use some of the results that they're getting so I think there's a lot of honestly things we're looking at really getting these communities work we haven't maybe reaching out to the other community that we work with CIG cyber cyber cyber infrastructure which deals for a long time right but you've probably opened it to questions because there's so many that I have I'm going to steer but I'm going to use you know I'm going to steer so I've attended many meetings between the world climate research program and since I sit on that board and the world water weather research program and I've heard these two communities and most of the people in the climate community don't even know the world whether research program exists and it's larger than theirs so that's they didn't know our community existed either so even in the climate world there's not a lot across the world but in the in the weather community you know their goal is to get to three months predictions and they think this is almost impossible the way they do their modeling but that would be their goal and at this one meeting the world climate research program said well you know our physics and our equations are based on our approach is to that would be a very tough thing for us to do to make a three-month prediction so I want to turn this over because we've had people at our meetings that have passed a doubt about the water bottles the weather research forecasting approach so maybe you could then maybe one minute on talking about climate versus weather in terms of the climate because the climate is not the weather so the answer is this is something that's been in the world over the last few years because the realization that there were very different communities and we're actually trying to test our climate models in the framework of our chemistry and usually well of course it looks terrible the head of the book is because a lot of the work that we have done in a fairly course scale but also because we've never really tried and so we might be missing some processes that we think we don't think are equivalent on the time scales that we're interested in but actually so actually the beautiful the beautiful tracks from five kilometers when they show that to the work people they're like if you get psychomes at 25 kilometers for the longest so again we actually need and right now we're building the system in such a way that we can bring the world physics into sea and the tropical cyclone projections are the way to do routinely with the weather I don't try to see what works what does and where does it break because in the end you want to have you want to make sure that what you're using is actually the representation of the physics and not just some evolution from where we started in the 1970s where we're really limited but the overall approach is as we hydrologist you sort of tried to work with CLM before and these components and parts from CLM with my own work one of the issues we've run into is that 1.5 million lines divided by the seven odd components he showed is still a really large number and so it really comes down to that each of these components are also really big monolithic frames or desires that move towards a slightly more flexible or sort of moving away from the one model to the other model and do you point with them to those pieces? Yes that's a very good point and we've heard that more than one it is the main factor some people just fight to build it and spend time to really get into it but it is a big barrier especially for students who you can't just say oh let's start looking at the code and see where your work coming from without working between modularizing the land model is actually one of them the most progress at this point is another one where for example the biogeochemistry is going to be a separate module that can exist outside the ocean model so if you're interested you can just go to it so we're working in that and then at the same time the limitation is resources because we're trying to get new releases and new things so we have just the getting dead weight of bird waste so we're moving more and more in that direction and I think the more we hear how limiting it is to actually in the end improve our model the more we can make it happen but it is in the plans and this CESM 2 we'll have moved about this far in that direction doesn't it really one of the challenges is that we face at the coastal land margin in evaluating climate change and sea level rise is how the flood plain is going to change into the future and it's really interesting the work that you're doing being able to project the tropical cyclones in the tracks and get more information on how they might intensify and what kind of regularity we're going to see into the future but do you think that what you're producing ought to be used in a design sense that it ought to be used in informing future flood plains or is it just more of a general information on how they might intensify what's your opinion on using them directly and I would probably be my overly cautious nature to be on the letter and this is there is information and this we're also trying to get statistics with different models at the county university single model and it's really with us that we can actually say that this is just a single model and it's completely dependent on our ability to present the process it really depends on the question that you're asking I had a workshop last summer with people doing this from Florida coming in a huge issue like underground water works with respect to sea water and so it looks that there is no way that whatever we can produce would be at the future for me but even in that case having the general question is it going to get drier is it going to get wet was sufficient for them to actually start thinking about what could be the issues that will be facing so ideally you would want to see things as a higher resolution with more representation of the details but in the case it was extremely good at showing this is just not insured it would be better when you start making those plots you get all those details whether it's actually working better for you is completely open and questions we don't really know it might give you the false impression that it is actually working my view has been more let's use the limited resources that we have and go with the low resolution but then with a lot more statistics that you can actually get and so again in the question you're asking it would really be more like what is it like we heard of something that would be affecting the region more than something that's specific and I think that's what we're going to be for quite a while when you go the more noise you get into your system and that's where on stumbles we can even more so you kind of start you have more resolution the more computing you have to do and the more on stumbles you have to do so that's going to be a little bit more


So, let us begin this lecture. So, in the last few lectures we discussed factification of a non-compact and locally compact topological space. So, let us say let me make a remark on what happens when x is compact. So, if x is compact. So, in the results we prove we are assumed that x is not compact, but x is locally compact. So, but what happens when fx, x is compact. So, if x is compact then x is also locally compact. This is because of silly reasons as for each x in x we can take the open set u to be x. So, remember the definition of a locally compact topological space. We need that every point small x in our space should have a neighborhood u says that the closure of u is compact. So, if we take u to be x in this case since u closure is then going to be x and x is compact. So, this will do the job. So, compact topological space is obviously locally compact and if you consider the one point compactification of x. So, then so, we construct the one point compactification in the same way. So, our x hat is going to be x disjoint union one more point p naught and the topology is given in the same way that we did that we did in the non compact case. And we can easily check that it is easily checked that this point p naught will be an open and close subset. So, if our x is for instance this sphere which we know is compact because it is closed and bounded inside r 3. So, then x hat will simply be the sphere disjoint union a point away from this. So, the conclusion is that we have this inclusion of x into x hat then I of x is not dense in x hat. So, in any case we wanted to compact if I think. So, that we get a compact space and so, if our space is already compact. So, then it is not very interesting. So, this is just a remark. So, in the previous lecture we proved the following. So, we have proved the following two results a x is everything ok. The first result we proved is let x be non compact and locally compact topological space. There exists a host of and compact topological space x hat and an inclusion from x to x hat such that the following four things happened x hat is simply I of x disjoint union one more point p naught I is continuous I of x is open in x hat and 4 I of x is dense x hat. So, if x is already compact. So, then everything else will happen only the fourth condition will fail and another result we have proved is the uniqueness of the one point compactification. So, let t. So, let me just correct this. So, in the. So, I had in the previous lecture where we proved this result b I had said that x has to be compact, but that is not necessary. So, let t be a host of space. So, I just want to correct this. So, in the previous lecture had stated this to be compact. So, compactness is not required we only need t to be a host of space ok. So, assume that there is a continuous map j from x to t such that j of x is an open subset and this map x j from x to j of x it is bijective and is a homomorphism. So, then we considered the following map f from t to the one point compactification of x. So, x is a non compact and locally compact topological space. So, x we have j over here and we have x hat this is our I and we are going to define f as follows. So, the picture we had made was the following. So, we took this open disk and let us say we put it into this closed disk this is j. Let us say I take an equator over here. So, this is the one point compactification these are additional point p naught this i. So, this equator is going to look like something like this all the points at infinity all these boundary points like everything towards the boundary is going to get collapsed to p naught right. So, as we move further and further away as we move towards the boundary of these are x out x. So, all those points are going to get collapsed to p naught ok. So, we define the map f as follows if t is in j of x right. So, then define f of t to be equal to i of j inverse t. This makes sense because j is a bijection from x to j of x. So, if t is in j of x then there is a unique j inverse t and I can just apply we can just apply i to it and if t does not belong to j of x then define f of t to be equal to p naught ok. And the assertion of our proposition was then f is continuous. So, let us see some applications of this proposition. So, this proposition we have proved in the previous lecture. So, as an application. So, let us prove that the one point compactification is unique right. So, what do we mean by that? Suppose there are two compactifications. So, we have we have x over here and here we have this inclusion i from x hat i from x to x hat. Now, suppose there is a j from x to t such that we have the following properties t is compact j of x contained in t is open 3 t minus j of x is just one point. So, let us call that point p infinity over here or let us call the q naught one point q naught and 4 j from x to x j of x is a homomorphism. So, in this case t is another compact space which is obtained by adding 1.2 which is another compact topological space and t minus j of x is just this one point and j and x is embedded inside t as an open subset. So, then by our previous proposition there is a map f. So, we may write t as j of x disjoint union this point q naught and we may write x hat as i of x disjoint union this p naught right. So, by our construction definition of the map f we have this map f right. So, here it is i compose j inverse it is a bijection and here it takes this is one point outside j of x and that is sent to p naught right by definition right. So, this implies that clearly f is a bijective map and by the previous result by the previous proposition f is continuous right. Moreover using the result as t is compact and x hat is host of we get that f is a homomorphism. So, here we have used the result use the following result. So, f from x to y is a bijective continuous map where x is compact and y is host of. So, then f is a homomorphism. So, let me make a remark it is important that y should be host of important that y is host of right which is an assumption throughout in the rest of this course unless it is stated explicitly that a space may not be host of because otherwise we can take the identity map from x to x right and give this x the trivial topology right. For instance we can take x to be Sn. So, here we can give x the usual topology and here we can give x the trivial topology right. The identity map is obviously going to be continuous because here the target has the trivial topology right and but obviously this map is not host of even obviously this map is not a homomorphism even though x is compact right. So, before we proceed let us remark that there is an important class of spaces which is not locally compact. Many of the spaces we have encountered in this course they are all subsets of Rn and Rn is locally compact and many of the spaces we will examples we have seen in this course are locally compact yeah, but there is a big collection of spaces which is not locally compact. So, namely so let us see why this is as an application of what we have learned let us see why this is not a locally compact. So, if x is locally compact. So, if you do not know what Hilbert space R you can just forget about this example. So, then there is an R positive such that the open ball the closure of this ball around of radius R around the origin this those x in x such that the norm of x is less than equal to R is compact, but this is not possible. Now, this is a compact metric if this is compact then this would be a compact metric space and therefore every sequence will have a convergent subsequence, but this is not possible as the sequence. So, we can take these vectors Eis the Eis former or the normal basis for this Hilbert space REI does not have a convergence of sequence. So, this contradicts the result we proved that every compact the result we proved every in a compact metric space every sequence has a convergence of sequence. So, this brings us to an end of our discussion on locally compact logical spaces. So, next we want to describe what the quotient of all g's. So, let us begin with a very an example from group theory which you would be familiar with. So, let g be a group or rather a concept from group theory and let n contain g be a normal subgroup. So, then we have the first we have the set g mod n which is set of equivalence classes g mod equivalence where we define x x comma y x is defined equivalent to y x and y are in g if in relief y inverse x is in this normal subgroup. So, instead of writing g mod equivalence we often write g mod n. So, moreover we can give g mod n or g mod equivalence whichever you want to write it a group structure such that the natural map. So, let us call this pi this is just a map of sets a priori to g mod equivalence which takes an element x to its equivalence class. So, in this case the equivalence class is the coset of n. So, this natural map. So, we can give g mod n a group structure such that this natural map becomes a group homomorphism that is one thing further. So, that is one nice thing which happens when n is a normal subgroup, but there is another nice thing which happens this map pi has the following property. If we have a group homomorphism which is constant on equivalence classes. So, then we get an induced map of sets g. So, we have g to h we have f and f is constant on equivalence classes. So, which means when we look at g mod equivalence we get a map of sets let us call it f bar and the important thing is that f bar from g mod n to h is a group homomorphism. Note that since f is a group homomorphism f is constant on equivalence classes if and only if the normal subgroup n is contained in the kernel of f. So, in the next lecture we will see an analog of this concept for topological spaces. So, before we end this lecture let us see one very standard application of this corollary that we saw of the uniqueness of 1 point compactification. So, let x be equal to r n right. So, then x is not compact x is locally compact. So, now we know that. So, recall the stereographic projection. So, what did we do? We had r n and we took the sphere and we deleted the north pole for instance p and for any point x on the sphere we joined p with x and we get a unique point y. So, the stereographic projection phi is from s n minus the north pole p to r n right. We had seen that phi is a homomorphism. In particular if we let t to be s n and j to be equal to the inverse of this homomorphism. So, j is phi inverse from r n to s n right. So, then the hypothesis of the previous corollary of this corollary of the above corollary are satisfied right. Because we are taking t to be s n s n minus the image of the stereographic projection is just the one point the north pole and this will imply that this will force the map from the induced map f that we get from s n to x hat is a homomorphism. Thus the one point compactification is s n. So, we will end this lecture here.


Let's get to knitting. Hey guys, Sophia here from CalTV Entertainment. Today, we're going to be knitting. So grab your yarn, grab your granny panties, and let's get on to it. Now I picked up knitting during quarantine. Like everyone else, I needed a hobby to do, you know, because everyone's just bored out of their minds.  And I thought knitting, you know, I can start knitting my own clothes. But I only knit one thing. Didn't turn out very well. Didn't turn out. I was supposed to be a hat. Let me go, let me go get it. Let me show you. Okay, here it is. So, it's supposed to be a hat. It was a hat until I messed up. But it kind of turned into an infinity scarf. So, doesn't fit over my head. But maybe you could wear it as like a bracelet, kind of cute, kind of chic. But we're not going to be messing up this time. Today, we are going to be knitting a hat. So about this little bad boy as a prop, because this is not how ours is gonna look. Ours is probably gonna look ten times worse. But I'm gonna try my best. Practice makes perfect. What we have to start off with is we have to measure our yarn. So, she said to do an elbow's length. She said five, but I'm gonna do six. Two. Okay. So with that, I'm gonna be using one for the cast on. So you can just sort of let the other one go. Okay. Over. A few moments later. Out of the way. I remember. See? What is that? What is that? What is that? What is that? Today, Junior! Muscle memory. Now knitting is very therapeutic for a lot of people. Oh my god. Why isn't it all working? You know, it relieves stress. What the heck? You know, when you're in a stressful place, I can't do this anymore. I can't do it.  Life is about living. Life is about knitting. Trademark. TM. Life is about knitting. Okay, so what I have to do now is I have to make six rounds of this. So it's probably gonna take a long time. So I'll come back to you guys when I finish that. Yeah, I know. I really honestly... Yeah, I'm pretty good at your trick. So I can't hang out. Yeah, I thought you were like, oh. I used to fall asleep pretty far. What time is it? 6 a.m.? How long was I sleeping for? Okay, I can't finish this. This is just taking forever, so... I'm sorry if I let you guys down. Sorry if I wasted your time. If I was asleep, didn't even realize how long I was sleeping for. I don't think I'll be able to finish this. It's taking way too long. I guess life is not about knitting.


seven cloud kitchen marketing channel that you must master in order for you to make sales. So keep watching. Hello friends, my name is Wilson, your friend in helping you build a thriving small business or a profitable food business. The first platform you must dominate is Instagram if you wanna start your cloud kitchen operation. Why is that the case?  On a monthly basis, there are more than one billion active users on Instagram. What does that mean? That means just because you're not in Instagram or you don't use it actively, your customers most likely are. That's the reason why you must have a presence on Instagram. The second reason why is because that's just part of the culture of how Instagram works. People take pictures of their food. The phone eats first. And the third is that you can actually bookmark and people actually do bookmark the places that they wanna try or the food that they wanna try. Sure, a quick story with you. Every time my wife and I try to figure out what to eat on the weekend and we don't know what to eat, we would always pull up our Instagram to check of different places or different shops and different foods that we wanna try that we have saved throughout the weeks. And we would choose a place from there onwards. And that's exactly how a lot of people, customers of yours are doing as well. They save these different bookmarks so then that way when the opportunity comes, they would order from them. That's the reason why you must be on Instagram. When it comes to marketing, your cloud kitchen on Instagram, these are some of the things that you must master. First of all, post drooling pictures of your food item on there and share behind the scenes with us. Utilize reels, super, super effective way to reach your customers. Utilize stories to share behind the scenes, your personality, some of your values so then that way you can connect with your audience. And next, make sure you have collaborations with influencers so then that way they can cross promote for you and you can cross promote for them. These are just some of the different areas you can utilize Instagram to market for your cloud kitchen. If you wanna learn more about that as we dive deeper, definitely check out this video right here. Second platform you must master is your website. Now, why is that the case? It is because it is much more valuable and much more of a decision maker than you think.  So that means it makes a huge difference. So if your website sucks, what does that mean? That means that your low time is very slow, takes minutes for your website to load. That's a no go because we don't have that attention span. If your website is not mobile responsive, what does that mean? That means it doesn't show up properly on your mobile phone. It's gonna turn off a lot of people. People just go elsewhere and if you have bad photos, just not appealing enough. They much rather order from places that have good pictures and on top of that, if your navigation sucks, it's out of date and people can't find your menu items. And lastly, if your website is not SEO optimized, what does that mean? That means when people Google you, they cannot find you, it is below your cloud competitors, then you're losing potentially thousands of views every single month. What does the views have to do with it? It is because when you have views, you have potential customers and if you're losing that spot to your competitor, what does that mean? That means you're losing sales to your competitors and this is a really important part because these are free traffic. You're not paying for these traffic. It is through Google that is ranking you. So that's the reason why you must pay attention to your website if you wanna build a good cloud kitchen operations and to market for you. And if you wanna learn more about how and the components that you need in a proper website, then definitely check out this video right here. The third platform you must master is PR. What does PR mean? Press release. That means getting your cloud kitchen operation and your brand featured in the local news and the local publication. Now a lot of people just sit back, wait and relax. They just think that, hey, as long as I make good food, people will come find me and feature me. That's a big myth. Why is that the case? Because PR is strategic work. So what does that mean? That means editors are always looking for a good story to write about and it is your job as a food brand to hand that story to them. You must do your research on how your editors like their content, whether it be a listicle, whether it be top five, whether it be their own experience, first hand experience that they write about. And then you also need to write down what makes you so different? Why are you existing in the marketplace? And why would the audience care about you? What problem do you solve? So what does it mean to get your cloud kitchen published and have a news article? It allows you to get much more exposure. And what does that mean? That means you get much more potential sales for your cloud kitchen business. And at the same time, this is also very great social proof to showcase to your existing customers for you to post on your Instagram and all the other platforms for you to actually boast about how great your cloud kitchen operation really is. The fourth platform to master is Google My Business. Now, Google My Business is definitely super underrated when it comes to running a cloud kitchen operation. On a monthly basis, there are more than 5.6 billion searches on Google. And out of all those searches, local intent searches have skyrocketed to more than 46%. Now, what does that mean? It means that a lot of people are stuck within their local area. That means they're searching of what to do, what to eat in their local area. So if your cloud kitchen operation can be above all everyone else that is being searched for, that means you can improve your listing. That means you potentially have more conversion and more sales and more revenue for your operations. So what are some of the ways you can utilize Google My Business to optimize? Well, to share a few points with you, make sure that you keep it up to date. That means all the information you put in there are correct. A lot of businesses don't have that aligned with their website, don't have those information up to date. Make sure you answer all the questions and utilize the Q&A feature within Google My Business because if one person has a question about your food product, majority are that other people have that question as well. And next is make sure you start posting pictures and update the post.  There are things to look at. And best of all, aside from all the reviews, aside from you being on Google, you can actually allow and link up your website and third-party apps on how people can actually order from you on your GMB listing.  You can actually direct that traffic to your website or third-party apps like Uber Eats, DoorDash, or any of those delivery services. Now, as a note for you is that not all businesses are eligible for this Google My Business listing. The ones that are only selling through third-party apps are not eligible as of today's time and today's date on Google. What does that mean? That means you must offer takeout and delivery as an option in order for you to actually list on Google My Business. For you to learn more about this, definitely check out this video where I dive deep about Google My Business and your food operations. If you guys enjoyed this video and find value in this video, make sure you guys smash the like button and let me know this is the type of content that you enjoy. Now, back to regular programming. The fifth platform that you must pay attention to and to master are review sites. Now, a lot of people, they wanna avoid having a bad experience with their food and that's the reason why they rely heavily on review sites to see, hey, is this food good or not good? So that means that y'all, TripAdvisor, Sagitt, Google My Business, these are all platforms that you must be on because they're getting hundreds of thousands of traffic every single month. That means that just because you're not using it, your customers still are.  Now, what does that mean? That means that you can potentially get thousands of dollars of sales just because of a half star. So definitely something for you to pay attention on. So now you might be thinking, how do I keep up to date with these review sites? Definitely carve out time on a weekly basis. So then that way you can check the rating for your cloud kitchen operation. Now, when you're getting reviews, definitely vet them through whether it's a good review or a bad review. When it's a good review, answer to it and know that is your strength and double down on that. Use that as marketing tactic. Use that as your ammo to post on your social media and cross promote that. On the other hand, if you're getting a bad review, there are two types of bad reviews. There are the ones that are warranted. The warranted ones are areas of improvement. Don't just shrug it off, acknowledge it and show that you're willing to learn from it. And it also allows you to build a better business. So definitely don't ignore the warranted bad reviews. On the other hand, there are troll bad reviews. What does that mean? That means that people are there just to troll you and it's up to you to choose how to reply to these troll responses. For me, I choose to really just let my character shine through. I honestly don't care and I tell them that they're a troll and tell them to get off my platform. Really, that's the way that I wanna deal with my reviews. So for you, understanding that reviews matter and for you to always constantly check it up, set alerts so whenever you get reviews for you to jump on it right away. Now when it comes to reviews, you must be strategical on how you can improve your listing. Some of the strategies include having an insert card that you put into every order to encourage your customers to leave a genuine review for their experience. Another two ways would be SMS marketing. So you can text them or write them a newsletter if you have them as an email subscriber. These are ways for you to actually improve, proactively improve your food listings. The sixth platform you must master for your cloud kitchen operation are third-party delivery apps. Now, I know a lot of people have love-hate relationship when it comes to third-party apps like Uber Eats, DoorDash and whatnot, just because of their high fees. Now, I want to be able to put that foot in the door and tell you that we must see them as an ally. That's the way we are gonna be seeing it moving forward especially if you're running a cloud kitchen operation because not only are they a logistic company for you to help you fulfill, deliver all the goods, they're also a marketing channel.  They have their sponsored listings. They have different campaigns and promotions that they are running. And on top of that, they have their own internal dashboards that you must understand how to use.  What does that mean?  That means you're gonna get majority of the sales because people are like, oh, they see you more, they have more exposure. That means they're more probability that they're gonna order from you. Now, a lot of people are not paying attention to the nuances of each of these third-party apps. That means there's a golden period that you can leverage, that you can actually subscribe to everything that they offer, pay these apps more in order for you to get more exposure and in turn, get more sales for your cloud kitchen operations. The seventh platform that you cannot sleep on and must master for your cloud kitchen operation is TikTok. Now, 2020 definitely shows us that TikTok is not just for 13-year-old kids. People are on there sharing different financial tips, how-to videos, skits, and really everyone is on TikTok. And the reason why is because TikTok's algorithm is just so wild. That means if you're putting out good content, good consistent content, you don't need a lot of followers in order for you to blow up. And we see that time and time again. It is so easy for people to get a lot of traction and exposure on TikTok. And when you do get that exposure, your life will change for the better and forever. So we decided to start our business during the pandemic. We spent our life savings and prayed for the best. And because of TikTok, this is how it went. Because that's how TikTok works. So definitely it is a platform that you don't wanna sleep on. Go on TikTok and actually put out content and do it consistently. So then that way you can get lots of sales for your cloud kitchen operations. So there you guys go. The seven cloud kitchen marketing channels that you must dominate and master if you wanna run a successful cloud kitchen operation. I really hope you guys enjoyed this. And if you guys want more training on how you can actually do it with the right fundamentals, really align your values on how you can actually create this operation and then connect with your audience and then you can explode in revenue. If you wanna learn more about that, we have an hour of free training. In the link below, completely free for you so that way you can learn the fundamentals. Definitely check it out. It is completely free for you to do so. If you find any value in this video whatsoever, make sure you guys smash like button to show some support. Otherwise I'll see you guys in the next video.


Hello. I'm here with Mikayla and Sean to Returning Complexity Weekend Facilitators and this will be their facilitator introduction videos. So let's just start with a hello and any personal introduction you'd like to provide. So hi, my name is Mikayla Amsch. I'm a biomimicry practitioner, communication specialist and a great fan of complexity in all its forms. Nice. Sean, I'm a serial organizer for Complexity Weekend Returning Facilitator, just an all-round enthusiast of the complexity weekend and complexity communities. I just love complexity in all of its forms in all the different fields. By day I work as a principal data scientist at Microsoft and then I do a lot of kind of like investment, advisement, just other fun projects to learn as much as I can in my short life. Well, we hope it's a long one. In a single word or sentence, what is exciting to you about complexity and complexity weekend in 2022? My favorite is the community, the people, the way people come together, the different disciplines, time zones, relationships to complexity applied, a theoretical, and putting all this together and making a great stew out of it. Nice, excellent. Yeah, I think for me this cycle, it's just seeing the organization evolve and seeing a lot of teamwork happen in internal kind of committees within the complexity weekend community and how those committees are starting to interface with the biannual weekend cohorts and just pulling people on to already functioning teams to kind of learn complexity by doing. We've got a lot of really exciting stuff coming up for this cycle with like complexity weekend branding and like a manifesto kind of mission statement that keeps us aligned through deep time and even some stuff that goes into organizational structuring for the community. So I'm just excited to kind of have working teams to pull people on to for all of us to be learning by doing. Awesome. So what is it to participate in complexity weekend? What is the cohort experience? What are people registering for? And we'll each share just one different facet on it. Yeah, I think the most important is the discovery of different takes on complexity from different perspectives. It can be philosophical, it can be medicine, it can be biomimicry if you are on my team and all types of different ways of interacting between the disciplines and it's going to be great this cycle because there's lots of different perspectives showing up. Bring yours. Definitely. We need yours at the table for sure because we're ultimately talking about real problems that we want to help resolve in the world and so we need everyone from every walk of life, every perspective to show up. Yeah, I think for me it's just the interactions are always front and center. Every conversation I join, every person I bump into, it surprises me and kind of gives me a new take or new way of seeing the world and ultimately it's about trying to embody complexity in a real system and tinker with it and kind of learn as much as I can in that weekend time frame by actually trying to collaborate with others or potentially joining a team and committing to something a little deeper than a weekend in terms of a deep dive. I mean, there's teams that I'm still on from past complexity weekends. So yeah, that for me is part of the background. It is just the best part of this room. And just to give a little organizers perspective there, what people are registering for is yes, joining for the weekend, which is September 23 to 25, 2022, there will be continuous activity in a gather video chat space much like the one that we're in now. And don't worry about missing anything, you're going to be able to join and leave as works for you. So all time zones in availability are welcome there at the weekend itself. Also in the weeks leading up to the weekend in the first weeks of September, there will be some sessions around people like meeting each other in one on one conversations, also sessions on the team formation process and talking through that starting to seed some teams and some facilitation training to embody peer facilitation and the kind of community that we'd like to see. So what are people registering for a few weeks of optional pre weekend events, the weekend itself as much or as little time as they'd like to participate from few hours to many hours. And then where you go after the weekend is totally up to you.  I think the only thing I'd add to that is it's not a typical conference. You're not going to be passively consuming material about complexity. There will be facilitated live sessions where portions of that might be broadcasting information, but really it's all about the interaction. So you really should come prepared to engage and learn through interaction. That's a really important mindset. Awesome. And just a last question and area of discussion for us. You're both multi returning facilitators. So what are you excited to do or bring or be in this cohort? My favorite is this time I'm co facilitating with a few people who are stepping up and daring to come with their perspective. And I'm very happy to hold their hand. And I'm sure they're going to be great, great sessions as well as having my own session on branding for complexity weekend. I've got a few different angles this time. I'm going to try out a couple different sessions. Some that have a team attached. One of them with Michaela based on some work she's done, that's really amazing on potentially rebranding complexity weekend in a certain direction. So just including as many voices and perspectives as we can on this idea, this kind of, you know, complex idea of like an emerging brand for this global community practice. That'll be really fun. But also, like I was mentioning earlier, like a kind of a manifesto or like a guiding principles document that we might even publish for complexity weekend that just make sure through deep time, you know, even if there's conflict in different organizing perspectives or facilitation approaches or event plans that we have something guiding us, that'll be really fun to work on together. And then I've got I just one other that I'm excited about kind of a continuation of the session I did last time with evaluating a project's riskiest assumptions, but potentially co-facilitating with Daniel and Jessica and others in the teams committee who've come up with a fun way to kind of predict back of the envelope success rates for teams. And I think it'll be fun to combine with that. Awesome. Anything else you'd like to add? I think everybody should come. You'll love it. And your words will come. I think a final thought for me would be, you know, the facilitators are there to really help mentor you as an individual and as a team. So really utilize them as a resource. You know, it's not just the videos that they're producing here, that content or the live sessions or, you know, the office hours. It's not that structured. It's really a much more open-ended relationship that you can form. I agree and would close that in a participatory community, the facilitators are there not just to broadcast information, though they may, as Sean has brought up, but to facilitate something. And that's your participation, your complexity journey. So if you feel like you're on a complexity journey, or you might want to be, or you're curious about what it entails, then the facilitators are those who, I guess, will be holding hands. And then I'm just thinking, well, who's dragging who? Or are we walking side by side? So it's a great space. And thank you, Makayla and Sean, for contributing so much. And for this video. So see you all around. See you soon. See you soon.