The oxygen reduction reaction, OR, is a key process in many sustainable energy conversion systems, such as fuel cells and metal, air batteries. Carbon-based electrocatalysts derived from metal, organic frameworks, MOFs, have recently gained significant interest due to their superior catalytic activity and intriguing structural features. This review focuses on the development of MOF-derived heteroatom-doped carbon-based electrocatalysts, which include non-metal, N, S, B, and P, and metal, Fe and Co., doped carbon materials. These materials show enhanced ORR performance, which is attributed to their favorably designed porous structures, large surface areas, and high density of active sites. Future research should focus on developing a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind the improved ORR performance of these MOF-derived electrocatalysts. This article was authored by Chen Ren, Huihuang, Shuefeng Liu, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


other games don't and they have the ps4 pro now so ps4 pro has better welcome it's better equipped to do 60 in more games like i think on this game ps4 pro has better performance but i'm not sure how much yeah sure you do did he actually just say that how do you see the water ones that was cool i love that jump yes i'm in pursuit of martin lee i think he's got dr michael's and the devil's breath copy that four units coming your way he took michael's alive so that's good probably so we can force him to make more devil's breath i have to stop that truck tank whatever i'm like going too fast there we go can i can i there we go trying physics chat physics anybody who took basic physics know what would happen when he jumped up there off of my property that's a video game we we you know we forgive it we forgive it oh crap oh i was pressing the wrong button wait the web bomb did nothing this guy knocked these guys off what's that red line appropriate oh oh oh that was a poster a punch punch we're surfing chat uh i can't reach it there we go ram everything i was hoping to bring you here my abilities lend me a certain persuasiveness i've been watching i was waiting for you at city hall you never came where were you this is real it was a shame so many had to die with no heroes to save them that officer saved your life didn't he he was here because of well crazy game i don't know where to go where you go kind of lost them i guess i'm going up here norman wanted to use a feudal gesture and where was norman during all this slinking was going to happen norman is a hidden cancer on this city he must be excised with no trace of his corruption to return norman hides behind his mask of lies i will break it apart become one of us one way or the other i don't know what to do get off me get off me get off me get off me get off me okay i think resistors may be feudal chat this is the full game thanks joseph for the follow come on what about okay let's try something different deal before zod wow my family marion pretty dark and light because you're negative what's with spider-man all his friends becoming evil that is that comic in the nutshell man that is spider-man the nutshell is like a lot most of the villains are his former friends not most quite a few of them are that's spider-man he's got some parallels to batman batman has some uh some villains that are friends too professor Xavier is another one with magneto and other people did they get the breath of the devil are you okay yes how worried should i be very spider-man calls this you're a popular so-called superhuman i think you save people but you just make it worse this is your fault see my fault he was under your protection you really need two of those snap we need to brief mr osborne now i'll go with her i'll remember you can kick the death by this girl you should boy you need to chill she that's the second time she's beat him up and she's disabled i'm so he's i don't know if he's hmm yeah urie tell me you've got to leave more than leaves location hopped into a black sedan after the crash four skill points i didn't get on that you're a good cop urie i'm on my way she'll need you to tell her that suits i got a new one oh no no uh let's see we got bio mesh absorbs some incoming damage without resetting the combo counter and we've got reduces incoming blasts and rocket damage from blast plates they're using way too many napkins chat well we can upgrade our spider bots our spider drones they deal more damage i think they may have used like all of my challenge points web bomb increase the blast radius i'll take that too it's good stuff i got four skill points so we're gonna go ahead and get the the charge jump bunker buster air attack knockback air launch not oh okay okay i know what that is um perfect dodging and then we got me perform oh i want the second finisher can i get that now no i want the second finisher i don't want rocket return i'm never gonna use it dr michael's i'm just gonna dodge him we release points for devil's breath train stations it'll spread like wildfire from there why the hell is oscorp developing a bio weapon in the wrong button i'm trying to do tricks be in an arctic bunker devil's breath the project breaks every state and federal regulations on the books but he doesn't care if the city finds out he can kiss reelection goodbye never mind reelection why are you telling me all this aren't you just as culpable as norman yes i got a couple sidequests i can do tick tock and snipe on let's do that change my mind chat we're going this way we've got a crime psych i thought i was going there but we got crime in progress i don't like the sound of that who's a check on doc when i get a chance oh there he goes hi buddy that's kind of rude you didn't i keep trying to do the flips and i pressed the wrong two buttons there's the two buttons that make you go to the ground okay sup copper i'm on it see if you can get more info out of our friend here and contact me at this number peter just give his number out to everybody i need to hurry the attack on the courthouse could come any second save the citizen the sniper sees me near the target he'll take the shot only chance is to take out the gunman before he can fire can i do it can i do this that's it nobody likes a camp he said that chat he said nobody likes a camper send me what you got multiple snipers one spider man i need to move fast you need spider cop as we need worked on norman's campaign is a potential target now that's one way to destroy osborn i guess i think it's a nobody wants to be around this is the place now where's the assassin i can't go near the target the gunman would shoot him before i get there wait what's marked the target of the sniper i don't know where he is oh there he is oh crap two one down two to go wait i thought it was two down can you count spidey snipers gotta be around here somewhere i don't know if i can just sneak up on them well let's try to just sneak up on them chat i can do headstand target safe only one to go if i'm too slow people die i guess that's a hint for me to speed up why can't assassins ever try and work around my schedule gotta check out all possible vantage points for snipers oh my god she was right there one sniper left gotta check out all possible vantage points for snipers just in time just in case officer all three snipers are down are we in the clear not quite our purposes is if they see cops they'll start shooting act like you're negotiating stall them i'll take away their bargaining chips i get my meter back they won't leave witnesses oh a burger no uh what what what options oranges i think oranges will work well i've cooked me a burger chat a boy yeah just before i get club just three am burger it's the best kind all right what i gotta do if i'm spot those hostages are dead still take out these guys quietly i got this chat i got this how do i are three there we go these dangers so we're gonna that guy however is safe so we're gonna uh we're gonna go up here and we're gonna pull him up here because he's uh possibly pull him up because he can't see me for some reason he won't be pulled i don't know what's going on chat i don't know what's going on it won't let me pull him up chat i think i know i think i i think i blew my cover chat okay that was not what i wanted to do let me get this guy i hope okay won't let me get him either i'm really trying to squirt this guy safe why oh my gosh why can i stealth any of these guys okay here we go i can't stealth them come here you shut up i'm gonna go get this guy bum bum bum bum bum bum bum bum is it now things anything you didn't see anything it was just a fast flip okay you didn't see anything you think there's no time limit chat i guess i have to triangle these guys and support this guy back in a phobia chat don't don't don't don't don't bum bum bum i kind of messed that up chat i kind of messed that i tried to go to the one guy and then i just jumped way over there and i was supposed to go way over there and i tried to jump back and then it all went downhill from there and then everybody died spider man was blamed jay jones jason has a field day chat those hostages are dead gotta take out these guys quietly crap he changed the danger come on he changed the danger right there come on come on came in he was safe i went at him and then he changed the danger stranger danger chat those hostages are dead really didn't see that coming i'm making noise chat good thing he was safe bum bum bum do be do be do be do bum bum bum bum huh so what i can do heal do the same skill again which is sound of silence right like this come here that's not how that ability supposed to work he's not supposed to learn anybody when he gets unless the guy sees me do it i guess that's what happened i guess the guy saw me do it and then it had doesn't matter if i use the sound of silence because if i'm spotted those hostages no wrong guy you know what i don't like this game thank you spotted those hostages you gotta take out these guys quietly and then you and then you then your boy and then you i don't care about you either anybody else oh wait all right so again run the flag we got three dudes okay what do you do i could do a distraction let's do that hop over there check it out well he was safe until this guy showed up all right so that's the valid tactic wait he's still safe come here we got this guy this guy well you know he's dangerous he's dangerous he's dangerous he's dangerous okay so go over there done done done done he did i used my ability by accident chat is he safe yes wait i wouldn't have known about it if not for you you make a good team officer hey see if you can convince more of your buddies to work with me instead of shooting at me okay


Hello everyone, welcome to NPTEL course on groundwater hydrology and management. This is week 6 lecture 4. In this course we are looking at more importantly groundwater as a component, how it recharges discharges and then management. How we break in this course is until week 6 you look at most of the important concepts of groundwater then we will jump into managing the groundwater resource. On that note we have been looking at the groundwater recharge and discharge properties in this week's lecture. In the past couple of days lecture we have looked at the last three lectures we have looked at groundwater recharge concepts, how is it recharging, what are the different methods to recharge and how to estimate. Let's move on and look at some more estimation methods. Ground on recharge from seepage, why is this very important? This forms a very important task in environments where there is a water body because a water body can influence the groundwater movement both recharge and discharge. So in this term we are going to look at recharge and as I said in the previous lecture just before the end of the lecture I mentioned that recharge and discharge are happening through similar monitoring process which is the water level. At what time line it happens may be different, what is driving the recharge or discharge may be different but monitoring is almost same because you are going to use a similar methods. Here the physics that drives it is just opposite. For example in a recharge water goes in and discharge water comes out. You push water in that is recharged, you pump water out that is discharged. Similarly in a natural environment where there is a water body and a high elevation land with groundwater table, water table would flow into the stream, river, network, whatever you call it, lakes, ponds, etc. and that is groundwater recharge into the stream but it is a discharge for the groundwater. In this lecture we are looking at groundwater recharge. So let's take this example where you have a land which is also at high elevation however the water table is at a low elevation compared to the stream. So when water comes in the stream it tends to flow down and recharge your aquifer. So to prevent this think of this as a canal to prevent this in regions like Gujarat they put lining which is cement to prevent the water to recharge into the ground. They don't want it they won't take it to the farm which is also why they built the canal. So now coming back depending on the use you can make a canal recharge or just take the water. Now let's look at the recharge concept. So water is seeping into the groundwater table, you can see here water is seeping into it. It is not infiltration it is not percolation it is seepage because infiltration percolation happens in the medium where there is four spaces and then the water has to push through those medium and calm. Whereas in seepage it is water that is pushing water at a good table look at it there is a good water level and then it pushes itself it seeps leaks into the groundwater that is groundwater recharge through seepage. So let's see how we can measure it. This is a method as given by Monty and Winter and promoted in the USGS book. So USGS has a manual for all these different different things for recharge estimation discharge estimation for rainfall etc and most are used in Indian terms with slight modifications. So let's look at how recharge is estimated through seepage. So this is your sediment surface or your stream bed okay right here on the stream bed you will put the meter in and here the meter is like a pipe with a screen interval of three centimeters and that is where water can move in or out okay. So in this example your potentiometric surface or the groundwater head is at a higher elevation compared to the surface so it is this example okay and what happens is because of the potential difference because water wants to flow from high to low potential water would seep in from groundwater and then come out and join your surface water and this can be monitored through the pipe here and the pipe has some meters which actually monitors how fast water is seeping through okay and the manometer is a meter which is also looking at how fast the suction happens the suction or how fast the water moves through this tube and a reading is given for the velocity of water discharge of water etc. So these seepage meters are kind of expensive and doesn't give you the right picture all the time why because it depends on where you put it in the land so you can put it here you can get a different seepage you can put it on this point you can get a different seepage because the rocks and bed rocks are not the same everywhere so that is why in most terms it is just simple enough to estimate it rather than putting a meter and estimating the rare data more or less it gives a different flavor the easier way to look at it is you have a river flowing okay a river flowing and you take a discharge measurement how much water comes in the river at point A and take a reading at point B okay you have two discharge now QA QB if QA is equal to QB there is no recharge there's no discharge which means the water is not losing water is not gaining however if A is less than B that means water is losing into the ground which is discharge of the stream water into the ground which is a recharge for us so that is the case where you have A is less than B okay and the subtraction of B minus A okay B minus A would give you the actual water which is gained in the stream because of ground water coming into the river this is a discharge if you want to recharge A is greater than B okay if A is greater than B what is happening water is losing into the ground water which means groundwater is getting recharged so A minus B is the total volume lost by the river but gained by the groundwater and that gaining is groundwater recharge okay for groundwater discharge how do you do let's take a system where the water is coming in groundwater is giving water into the river so A is less than B or B is greater than A B minus A is the net volume of water recharged because of this length on a non-rainy day so all these equations should apply on a no rainy day because the rain is happening and water is just picking up because of rain so you need to take it in a non-raining day okay so here we are we can estimate the actual groundwater recharge just looking at two sections in the river and making see the connection of how the water is recharging or discharging the groundwater activity again a lot of people don't actually do these they just estimate it because it's a lot of data it's not one point data you have to take multiple data what they do they go on the riverbed they look at the river's material the riverbed material and then they estimate a value and the other easiest way which is really in some ways is okay is they say for example this is the river they say water groundwater is giving into in this location and groundwater is giving out into this location which means Q A or here let's say G for groundwater so G A which comes into the river is equal to G B which leaves the river so G A is equal to G B no changes the river is now gaining or losing in the long run which is a good estimate one would say so you can see how estimations and assumptions can make your life easy in terms of groundwater recharge and you're not that particular about groundwater recharge happening along the river because your lands are away from the river or your house for the water level is away so it's more on how you want to use your recharge however so now here comes the tricky part what if no data is there no meters no money for meters no time and no budget which is money put on the meters if nothing is there what happens this is a concerning part which is crippling a lot of places because India is the most highest groundwater user in the world however if you look at monitoring per centimeter area of your map or let's say per kilometer area it is not much it's very less compared to the other countries that are actually monitoring groundwater pretty well so here's where we are in this situation what if no data exists and again think about only four months we are monitoring what if no data exists no meters are there in some locations and budget is less to augment or add meters what do you do if you simply GSE has given you that option also that you can simply estimate the recharge from rainfall because rainfall for sure you'll have and these satellite products have given you a lot of rainfall data for a lot of years at least 1857 till date so around 150 years of data you have for rainfall and you know the soil material the rock material because those don't change you can use the GSI geological survey of India maps all these are in my slides please go and look at these maps and when I'm teaching the groundwater data I will show you how to take rainfall data so what you will do is you can see that your recharge happens as a function of your rainfall so this is a simple uh logical uh hypothesis given by geese geese says your rainfall is what is recharging of groundwater let's put a percentage a percentage of the rainfall goes in and based on the physical setting of the aquifer the land surface the land cover etc and the rainfall you can estimate how much is your recharge again let's do this exercise they have divided India into two major hard rock formations rock formations one is hard rock and the other is aloe vera aloe vera takes around 20 to 30 percent of the land whereas the remaining is mostly hard rock aquifers so the aloe vera are mostly in the river delta regions belts etc ganges those regions have aloe vera sediments and formations and of that indo gangetic has the major formations because it is big and the river flows every day every year so it brings a lot of sediments and still it's a young river because it flows it cuts through and also brings a lot of sediments which form the aloe vera aquifers so they say that if there is rainfall say for example 100 mm rainfall 22 percent of that is your recharge in the previous example we looked at infiltration if you don't know the rock material it is going to be very hard so you have to know the rock material which is found by the map if you all you have to know is the location for example if I say Mumbai or Chennai I go to the map I look at the aloe vera or hard rock area type what is the rock type and then I look at the rainfall and then I can estimate it in the last lecture we looked at what is the infiltration rate infiltration rate is different recharge is different because infiltration is the water going into the ground and then plants take it soil take it and then still further water has to move down so you see that infiltration percentage from rainfall is much bigger than your recharge from rainfall because recharge groundwater still has to move further and after plant uptake soil uptake etc so let's look at some examples so you have the indo-ganzitic and inland areas suppose 100 mm rainfall so for example in the indo-ganzitic you have 1500 mm rainfall 22 percent of that the recommend value is recharging into the groundwater so if you have your rainfall as millimeters you can have your recharge is also millimeters so 100 mm rainfall gives you 22 millimeters of recharge what happens to the rest it goes as ET and surface runoff then you have the east coast and west coast as I said along the east and west you have a lot of rivers actually flowing out and those are alluvial aquifers like Kaveri the Penar on the east coast on the west coast you have Narmalathapthi and other rivers the hard rock are the central part of India and you could see that there is a lot of these multiple types whether whether granite granulite vascular whether basalt let's try etc and depending on the rock type there is a fracture percentage all this has been done by GSI and other studies across the world and they have estimated how much infiltration happens and how much of that goes further in the groundwater recharge and this is the value okay so 11 percent of the rainfall eight percent of the rainfall etc so now I'm giving you the volume but what is the time that is hard to do so I can say I give you 100 mm rainfall in an alluvial aquifer you get 22 mm as recharge but is it going to happen the next day the rainfall happens no because it is a process which takes slow slow time to go in so it is better to say annual annually Kolkata in the Ganges Belsen gets 100 mm rainfall for example it takes much more and it gets around 22 percent of the annual rainfall which is 22 millimeters of rain of recharge from rainfall in a year so that is a good way to tell you cannot say that tomorrow there is rain the day after tomorrow it will be recharged no so if I take 100 mm rainfall today today I'm getting 100 mm rainfall which is like a flood does that mean tomorrow I'll get 88 percent as runoff and 22 percent which is 22 mm in my groundwater recharge not it will take some more time okay so please think this out and when you discuss this with others make sure there's a time aspect and the time no one can tell only you would be able to estimate it but again at the end of the day they want annual recharge if you look at the last lecture I gave the groundwater board has given you recharge annually okay so take annually that is fine but for understanding the physical process you need to understand that it is not a daily process it takes time and the last part I would like to say after we did the estimations through water budgets through your meters see page meters etc and water flow fluctuations the last part is models multiple models that can easily estimate your groundwater recharge based on the driving factors which is your land use man cover your rainfall the type of aquifer or the type of rocks or ale etc and those can be taken from these open source models so the link I'm giving here in the bottom if you just go there all these models are already there and you can click on the title and it goes into the model where you can learn it for free okay so it is very important that these models have their own positives and negatives you can look at the rate and there are multiple models for a single parameter which is groundwater recharge please understand that it is because of the changes in the modeling world because the computers have become faster the data has become more accessible you see more models coming up every a couple of years once so you have around 1988 there's a model and then there's some new models in 2002 etc so you have to read about these models the suitability for your research area and then you pick and choose your research model now someone can ask me which is the best model as a faculty what do you teach I would say the best model for groundwater as an open source and widely used as mod flow it runs on Darcy's law which we have already explained and it is a very simple model less data intensive however it has been very successful in getting groundwater estimates across the world not only in US or India wherever the groundwater extraction is happening but most of the studies have used mod flow whereas some have actually gone out or outdated etc some of the models so what is a recharge estimation model not a groundwater model but it is a very good surface water model so surface water you have rainfall converting to runoff and then infiltration after infiltration it goes into recharge where mod flow comes in mod FL OW this one so there is also a good model but mod flow is widely known as a very good model it's a 3D model also we will see some of these models how to set it up etc in the class so now we have looked at recharge estimates and how to do recharge etc what are the different methods and then we came to models but the important question is is net groundwater recharge enough okay what is your net groundwater recharge so this is your time on your x-axis and then you are on y-axis you have your h which is hydraulic head okay let's do jan to december normally you do water here which means at least here in monsoon starts in june so i'll do june to june but let's do calendar because most of you would like to have calendar here so the water would start around here and then come down during your summer and then rise up during your monsoon and then come back to the same value okay so if this is happening the the downfall of the water level is because of discharge and pumping etc and then your recharge happens because of monsoon okay what is net net is not only the groundwater recharge happening through your rainfall but also the c-page dams etc and you have to also calculate your water used because that is also being taken for from your net groundwater recharge correct it has been taken for your agriculture but it is taken from a recharged well so that is what net recharge is so you have to take it from here so from here the recharge is happening you cannot say that oh no no i'll start here because i don't take into consider the water i used for agriculture etc so you have to take from this and also include the water that you have taken out for recharge and groundwater irrigation etc it is very important to understand that net groundwater recharge is it enough is it stable is the question and as you would know as we spoke the groundwater use has always been increasing in India so definitely the groundwater recharge is not enough it is going down the rainfall patterns have changed the climate patterns have changed and then the monsoon level which is before your monsoon before your monsoon which is from your peak monsoon to your next monsoon the water that you have used in summertime if you look at it it is a drastic condition most regions are red in comparisons from 2014 to 2016 the index is the same the colors are the same so what it means is those areas which were green having healthy groundwater levels of 2 to 5 so within 2 to 5 meters you'll have groundwater all those are changing into yellow and pink and red which is not sustainable in the long run so it is very important to do more groundwater recharge so here's the question is it possible to do more groundwater recharge because the rainfall patterns are changing naturally it is not going to be enough okay and that is why there are a lot of schemes just look at the central part of India yeah this red part where Afghanistan and Punjab and other regions you have a lot of groundwater use a lot of agricultural activities but look at central India so where the hard rock aquifers are so much water used and that is why it shows a big drop in the pre-monsoon level so the net recharge is not enough okay or you're using more water even though the rainfall is same you made me using too much of water so the net recharge is not enough and as I said the climate changed within even couple of years you're seeing the groundwater available for irrigation is being unsustainably used and your rainfall is giving less into the recharge because faster rainfall is coming flash floods are coming so all this has to be accounted for in the groundwater management let's look at the situation of the number of blocks that have been turned as critical or semi-critical over exploited means you are exploiting more than 100 percent of the groundwater that is recharge okay and critical is somewhere around your 100 percent 70 to 100 percent and 70 percent semi-critical below that it is safe so what do you recommend now so in India is it safe yes because of the water level if you look at India level it what it was it was 62 percent okay of 433 billion cubic meters you're using 245 billion cubic meters as per cgwb it is outdated but it's okay it is a 62 percent use of groundwater in the country which is fine and they said okay it is safe however if you look at certain blocks it is really bad and it is in the over exploited condition and that is why it is important to artificially recharge groundwater I'll continue with these methods in the next class but let me give you an introduction to what is artificial recharge as the name suggests artificial means it is not natural meaning it will take more time for the groundwater to go in within a natural setting and that cannot be sustained for the life forms agriculture in the current India you need to push methods that can augment groundwater and increase groundwater recharge and luckily the GEC the groundwater estimation committee and the groundwater board the central groundwater board have made these kind of very useful documents with live examples you could see here pictures of examples from study areas on how you could increase the groundwater recharge using artificial means anything you construct on land is artificial because it is not natural recharge okay in the next class I will start with the introduction of natural recharge versus artificial recharge and then we'll look at some examples and wrap up v6 with this I'd control today's lecture thank you


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I'm not here to buy. I'm thinking about holding off on right now. I don't want to settle without getting all the features that I want. I think the price is too high. Multiple different ways. I don't want to drive that far. I never buy it in my first stop. We got to test drive a few more cars. I need to sleep on it. I'm just going to have to wait to sell my car out right. What's your best price? What's your interest rate? I don't want to pay that interest rate. Don't like the car facts. Hey, give me your best price so I can go down the road and shop it. Your competitor is off to a bigger discount. What's my payment going to be? Guys, I pegged and covered it all. I literally am a sales pro. Number one, I'm a high achiever. I was an underdog.  We have a $100 million company and you know what? Every single day, I feel like and I run like I'm broke. I want to tell you something right now. If you're watching this right now and you want to be undeniably the best in the world, it means I don't care what anybody says about you, but you just want to be undeniably the best or you want to be an undeniable leader or GM and have the best team. My training platform will help you get there. Now, listen to me. If you're watching this, if you'd like me to personally demo this platform for you, I'll do it for you. My cell phone texts me. It's<PHONE_NUMBER>.<PHONE_NUMBER>. Shoot me a text saying, Andy, I want to demo the platform for my team, for my company.  There's no fee to train with me here except for, just pay the fee forward and send this video over to your GM or manager and tell them, I would like to train with Andy Elliott. I think it would be great for our team. Before I get into this, can I go over something with you so we can get this out of the way? Because I want you to continue to watch. Number one, I'm going to ruin the value of money for you. I'm going to ruin the value of money for you. My goal is that within the first 30 days is to triple your sales team skill. Triple in the first 30 days. Number one, I don't have a contract. So you're not going to sign anything with me when you do the training. A month to month, it's the only way I do things. If I do my job right, and you make a ton of money, your team becomes the best, you're going to be with me until you die. That's called a partnership right there. Not, I show up, close you on a deal, and then six months later, my content's outdated. And guess what, you've got three more years with me. Welcome to doing business with everybody else. Welcome to doing business with Andy Elliott. So the biggest thing is, as you guys are watching this, understanding this, I have no contract. So write that down, Andy has no contract. Number two, how much does it cost? Let me tell you, it's 1997 a month. That's it. Unlimited, use your aims and passwords. What does unlimited mean? As many as you want. Got 100 people in your store? Good, you're going to sign them 100, use your names and passwords. Everybody's going to be training on it. You say, Andy, wow. So there's no set up fee, it's 1997 a month, there's no contract, and also, you get me.  You are going to have me personally launch your team.  I'm not a vendor, I'm your brother. That's the way I operate. And I only play to win. So as I go to click this Start button, the Start Training button, you guys know now how much it costs. It's 1997. You know there's no contract, you know there's no set up fee, and guess what? If I do my job, we'll be there forever together. That's the best partnership in the world. And by the way, I have one goal. Let's just be clear about this. I want to crush the scoreboard, yes, but here's my goal. Is to make your sales team so great, we make your competition look like amateurs. That's it. That's all I want to do. And I will do it, and I'm doing it now all across the country. We're training 350,000 salespeople. I currently have 6,000 dealers on the platform, never out of cancellation. Let me show you what they're seeing, OK? All right, so list number one, I'm going to click the Start Training button. Guys, I cover everything you could possibly want. I'm going to go through this fast. If you like certifications, what does that mean? Andy, my guys want a certified certificate when they pass a certain amount of tests. First of all, every interactive sales training video with me, Andy Elliott, you're pretty much going to be living with me, because every time you log in, you're going to be seeing me, and it's interactive. When you see this, and you train on this, when the video's over, they're going to have to pass a test. They're going to have to pass a quiz on that video. They don't pass, they don't get credit, OK? But guess what? They pass the test, they pass sections, boom, they get certified. So we're going to go through, get certified. Become a salesman, that's certified. Become a closer, that's certified. Become a master closer, that's certified. Become a grand master closer. Those are the four levels. Guys, there's 1,800 training modules on my platform. I upload 60 to 80 new training videos every single month. Boom, baby. Also, you guys see how this says, get certified, right? And then I'm going down here to the rest of the training. I want you to understand this. Like, all the Berkshell Hathaway stores, all the Lenthea Motors stores, all the big companies around the world are training with us. Listen, a lot of them have their own training section and what they like to do is, like, new hire training, to give you an example, OK? It would say, right here as you look at my screen, it would say, Lithium Motors. It would say, new hire training. And guess what? It would say, how to stock in a trade. How to write up a, how to do a write-up sheet, right? How to work the CRM. Compliances. You guys, it can have anything in here. And they have to go through and take the test. And they have to pass the quizzes to pass it. Also, if you just want to upload your own content, like sales meetings and all that you have, guys, you can store that stuff in here forever. On-boarding a salesperson with this program has never been easier.  Boom. Man, time and experience means nothing. They become the best in the world, just like that. You're veterans, they're going to love this. Why? Number one, perfect sales process. What does that mean? I'm going to show them Andy Elliott live in the dealership, showing up from A to Z, over hundreds of videos on how to sell any customer and navigate and work through any scenario. Watch this. Mindset of a top earner, mindset is key. Planning your day. Look, people don't plan to fail, they fail to plan.  That means I'm going to show them how to kill anything that isn't making them money or making them better. That's all we're going to do. You guys got plenty of time to train. They got plenty of time.  We're only asking them to train 10 or 15 minutes a day. And here's the goal. The training's so good, when you start clicking on it, you're literally going to drink the Kool-Aid and you're going to want to become great. Isn't that the whole goal to make our team want to become the best in the world? Yes, we're going to do that. When they become great, you're going to notice they're going to go home at night and they're going to be training for an hour at night. They're going to become addicted to self-improving and they're going to do it for you. Man, there's nothing you can ever do better than invest in your team. Your team wants to be the best. You may say, Andy, we don't have a training culture because you've never had a training program in your store that really blew your team away until now. Now look, mindset of a top earner, plan your day, leveraging social media, prospect follow-up, common phone objections, meet and greet, backfire and qualify, how to build a best friend in two minutes, vehicle presentation test drive. Let me click into one of these real quick so you guys can see this. So, vehicle selection, pretty simple, how to select a vehicle. I'm going to show them how to take a customer out after the fact I'm qualified and how to select a vehicle and land the customer on the right car every time. Managers, how important is that? Isolate the vehicle. I'm going to show them.  Would you like to drive it? No, I'm going to show them how to isolate it and put on a show worth paying for. I'm going to show them on the walk around right here, right? How to do what? How to get excited? How to get the customer to envision this car owning it for the very first time when they see it. Also, how to put the customer in a buying state. What does that mean? People say yes and good moods are bad moods. They say yes and good moods. Whose job is it to put them in a good mood? It's the sales person's job. And if the sales person's got the winning energy, they know what to do. The customer came to buy, they're going to buy, and they will buy as long as the sales person does their job on the walk around. Right now, there should be a show and fireworks going off. The customers are getting happy and excited. They're envisioning themselves owning the car. And guess what? They're going to buy it. How's that going to happen? Trained sales warriors. Watch. I'm going to go here to walk around, and I'm going to click on this, and I want to show you what the training looks like. Okay guys, this is going to be the walk around. Now obviously, look, what did I do? I just pulled the car and I isolated it. Now check this out. Here's the car. Now walk over here with me and take control. By the way, this is a time for you to really elevate your skill, elevate your energy, elevate your game. Do you have enough energy in the deal to sustain the deal, to continue to go to new levels and keep building? We're about to get into the roller coaster ride, which is the test drive. All right, watch this. Back up, come here. I'm going to pass forward here. Look at that. You see that redesigned body style? Isn't that slick?  Send these videos to your managers and your GMs, okay? You're worth them sight. They'll sign up on this platform. Unless they sign up, there's nothing to sign. They'll get this training for you guys because they want you to be the best. So send this video to them.  Watch me and imagine if we could get your whole team to duplicate this, which they can because they can watch me and I'm going to personally launch your team. Your team wants to be great. This is going to show them how. The lights go out to the side so it's safer when you're driving. Don't you like to see more of the road? Oh yeah. Me too. Check this out. Grab this. Go ahead. I'll give you a million dollars and you can pull that off. Ain't gonna happen, man.  We talked about sport.  You probably like to sleek your nicer looking stuff, right? Honeycomb grill, super slick. We all know Chevrolet loves that honeycomb grill, but it's all blacked out so it's nice and clean. Redesign hood, you see how sleek it is? That's a new body style look. Everybody loves it. Come on over here. Go ahead. See how deep that is. Put your whole hand in that tire tread. That's how deep it is. You see these wheels? These are the shoes of the car. Now listen, I want you to understand this. You get an SUV, you get some plain, dull, mind-blowing wheels. You know what you got? Interaction.   You see this one? What do you got? Coming out. Sexy. Looks good. What's it gonna look like in your driveway? Come back here with me. Come here. Notice I'm feeling nice and cool the whole time. Step back here with me. How's that look? Yeah, looks good. Looks good. Looks great. I think great's a better word. Come on. Let me show you more. Check this out. Come on over here. I'm gonna play this for another 30 seconds. Watch how I have a little humor when I do a walk around. How much you weigh? 260 pounds? Yeah. Have you ever stood on a car like that? 260 pounds and it didn't tilt. You know what? You just did today. That's the only one. You know why? Chevrolet, they're made strong. They're made tougher.  Now get out. Come on, man. You can't climb on top of the car. Check this out. Now watch. Now look, as you're checking this out, okay? I played this just for a minute. That's not the whole goal. But I wanted you to see this is a multi-million dollar training platform, okay? The best videos in the world. Best footage all in 4K. Everything you can imagine. But here's the thing. The content I put in it is insane. I know the struggles that salespeople go through. When somebody says no, it's devastating. They don't want that. They want to close everybody. I know when they show up to work that they want to know what to do. And they want to be the best at what they do. Whether they say they do or they don't. That's why they get so frustrated when they don't know what to do. And when somebody hasn't given them good leadership, they don't know what to do. So guess what happens? They try to do it on their own and they fail. Listen, my mentors in life are people that have gone where I want to go. In a bad market, I made 716 grand. I am showing your team right now how not only can they make more money than they ever want, but they can be the best in the world at what they do. And you guys, an individual can be beat, but a team can't be beat. We've got to build our whole team this way, okay? So as I go back here, right, I'm going down, and by the way, let's say you're going to present the pencil even on the inside of the store, look at this. Check this out. Okay guys, so this right here is gonna be, let's say I get a 550 commitment out of Ryan, okay? I'm at 600. Now I want you to think about something, right? Ryan wanted to be at 400 a month. I got him to 550. He's sitting here at 10 and it's his wife and he's got his three kids, whatever, right? And I'm sitting here and I've got him at 550. When I go back to the desk and say, hey Ryan, if you're going to sign right here, let me go back and show you and get that done. I'll be right back with you.  Watch this. The training that I use, everything that I go through will fill in the gaps in the holes from what your sales team has always struggled with. The things that they've thought, man, that's why I got lost right there. That was the problem I had. Great, I identified it. My goal as we're going through the training and I want you to understand this, is to find leaks. What is that, holes in your game? Find opportunities, new opportunities that we're not currently attacking, how we can attack those and make even more. Remember, there's only two ways to make more money in the card business. Sell more cards or increase your growth. That's it, okay? But also, your team, selling more cards and increasing your growth in any market, good or bad, will always fall back on the skill level of your team. You're in a 100% sales organization. Teach your guys how to influence, persuade, sell, close and negotiate. And by the way, you may say, Andy, we already have a corporate trainer in our company. Great, so you already believe in training. Don't you think your corporate trainer would like some new content, some new stuff to train on, some things to keep him fresh and sharp? Who's he learning from? That's this. So if you're watching this, all leaders, this is called training the trainer. I want to train you how to train your team. I want to make you the best in the world and guess what? We got a killer ego, we got a killer pride, we got to have the growth mindset. We honestly got to get ready for a recession that's about to come back up and we got to make sure that, boom, we stay on top of the game and we kill it. We can never think that we've got that arrived feeling. Like, I've arrived because you're doing good. No, man.  You have to get sharper every day, okay? So this will allow you to stay lightning sharp, okay? So it's perfect sales process, me training a lot in the dealership. Branding and marketing, trying to teach your team how to generate 10 to 20 leads a day, straight to their cell phone so they can prospect and create their own leads. Road to the cell, look, I'm a visual person. I like watching somebody live do something, but also I like whiteboard work. I like somebody to write stuff down. All the PDFs I showed you in the very beginning, all the word tracks, you can print those out while you're doing the training here on the road to the cell. See, mindset of a top earner, what you must learn first, meet and greet, write vehicle selection, walk around again, but it's all whiteboard work. I'm gonna give them the exact word tracks, how to build the best print in two minutes, et cetera. Mastering the clothes, now we're getting into the meat and potatoes and stuff I like. I'm gonna show you how to close any customer on the pencil, on the pencil. Price, trade, payments, don't care, got a bumper customer, $500 a month, don't care, got a bumper customer, 10 grand on price, don't care. I'm gonna show you how to do it. I will personally demo this platform with you and answer any questions you have if you're watching this right now. Shoot me a text,<PHONE_NUMBER>. Let me show you the best world class, number one sales training program in the world. I'll show it to you for free. You check it out, if you love it, I'll level up your team, triple their skill in 30 days and guess what, there's no contract.<PHONE_NUMBER>, my competition can't hang. You know why? Because number one, I don't have contracts, I don't have anything for your site. Number two, I'm very affordable. Number three, my training, it is so good, you're gonna ask Andy, why isn't it more expensive? You know why? I got 350,000 salespeople on my platform. I'm already making more money and I know what to do. If you know what it's time to do, it's time to make you guys a lot of money. That's it, it's all I care about. I wanna make the best salespeople in the world.  I don't play to play, I don't play to get better. I don't try to do better every day. I play to win, that's it. I don't lose and I don't want you to lose either.  Well that's me, okay? So mastering the clothes, objection handling. I broke it down a lot, pencil foam. So I break it down to three different categories. One person's on the lot, hey Andy, I appreciate anything you think about, I'm gonna give back to you. That's in a lot of objection. A pencil objection, they're like, hey Andy, I think the price is too high, can you come down? That's a pencil objection, phone objection. Hey Andy, I appreciate it. I didn't realize you're three hours away, you're just a little bit too far away, I'm gonna look for one closer. That's a phone objection, okay? I broke them all down so your people can go right where they wanna go to learn what they're currently struggling with. We wanted to grow as fast as possible. Now look, internet, BDC departments, check this out. Phone skills, internet skills, BDC and phone training. Oh my goodness. How to be unstoppable on the phone and then how to handle every objection on the phone. I've got it all here. Also, supplement training, objection handling, mindset motivation, closing, prospect. Guys, I've got it from A to Z. Everything, it's all here. Everything you could ever imagine, you're gonna see it. Lastly, I wanna cover one thing that I've recently started to put out. It's called the A to Z, new market closes, how to become recession-proof. This is crazy. Since we've released this, everybody's texting me every day and they're saying, Andy, my teams are absolutely going insane.  You want to know how to generate your own business. You want to see them win at the highest level. Every new market objection that's come in and getting used to recession proof, this course is wicked. It is deadly and it's interactive and I'm gonna show it to you for just a second, okay? By the way, covers all the negotiation parts, okay? Closing on payments, check this out. Addendums and aftermarket products, okay? Do you got a market adjustment on the car? Do you got an addendum? Do you got anything? Do you think your guys feel comfortable handling that? They should, they should, but they don't and I know they don't. So guess what? I recorded this training for you. Check this out, this is dangerous guys, this is dangerous. You can't buy this training anywhere except for on the dealer platform, that's it.<PHONE_NUMBER>, text me right now. All right guys, in this video I want to talk to you about addendums and aftermarkets, all right, now let me explain this to you. Let's not geek out on what it is. I'm gonna give you an example and I want you to think about your company, your store, what happens there, okay? If this doesn't happen to your store, maybe you can learn it now, okay? But there's a good chance that it probably exists in your company, right? Especially right now where prices are so high, every dealer is really capitalizing on getting the most profit possible right now. Now watch this guys. I'm telling you, everybody's calling me and they're saying, Andy, honestly man, I'm gonna tell you this. I didn't tell anybody I was scared, like I'm not scared, but I didn't know how to handle it. I was getting in there, I'm stuttering, I didn't know how to handle certain things. My word tracks weren't on point. Honestly, I spent two hours building a great relationship with this customer and then they're like, hey, I'm not paying that. And then guess what? I would lock up. I lost all credibility within seconds. When I watched this training, Andy, I memorized what you told me to say and my life has shifted and changed. Not only have I made more money, but my managers, my GMs and everybody in my store say, man, you're doing such a great job. Everything's changed. You know why? Because I was fearing this every single time. Guess what? I cover everything that I know that your salespeople want to cover. That's all I care about. Listen to me. Leadership, it's everything. You gotta be a great leader in order to have a winning dealership. But what I wanna tell you is this. Your sales team is what matters. And you have a 100% sales organization. I train on management. I train on service drive training. I train on salespeople. I train on internet, BDCs. I train on everything. Email only leads, I don't care what it is. I've got the first, look, somebody sends an email only lead, email only, no phone number. I've got the first seven emails already wrote out, ready to fire out, write out the date in here. Guaranteed to get their cell phone number before anybody does. Listen guys, lions train lions. I'm not interested in training sheep.  I can't turn a sheep into a lion. I'm here to wake up the lions. So if you're watching this and you're like, man, I'm ready to go to another level. Guess what?  We're dying to self-improve, okay? Leaders, if you're watching this, okay? And you followed me for a while, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, wherever you're finding this on YouTube. I just want to tell you I'm grateful for you. And I have one thing, to be by your side until I die and help you build the best team in the world, I'm ready to go to war with you.  I am an underdog and I'm ready to fight. Remember, there's all of us. We can always go back to zero. Every day we can go back to zero and you can lose it all. So we need to go back to zero right now. We need to lose any pride that we have and we need to build our team and become battle-tested. Appreciate your time. If you've made it this far in the video, you are one of the top 1%ers in the world. Number one, you're serious about winning and you are going to win. You're the kind of people I want to partner with. My cell phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Guys, do me a favor, shoot me a text message. Say, hey, Andy, it's Bob, Jeep Chrysler Dodge Ram. Please reach out to me. I'd like to do a quick five minute demo in your video. I'll see you on the Zoom meeting. I'll go over everything with you and then in the end it's your decision, okay? But I'm going to tell you this right now. You know the pricing. You know what it looks like. You've met me. You know I'm going to personally launch your team. You want to train and partner with the best in the world? Welcome to Andy Elliott and the Elliott Group. Guys, I love you. Have a great day. Share this with anybody you know that needs it. Comment below if you need anything. Reach out and also you can always shoot me a text message.<PHONE_NUMBER>. Anything that should be done today should be put off for tomorrow. If you know you need to train your team. Text me right now. Let's jump on a call. See ya.


to Inside Leather History, a fireside chat. I'm Doug O'Keefe, the host and producer of the chats with Mistress Joanne Gatti. The fireside chats are a program of the Leather Archives and Museum. Now today, I'm doing an interview with Dee Chrissomalus, who is in Melbourne, Australia. Dee was the second Mr. International Transgender Leather. All right, Dee, would you tell us a little bit about, firstly, where you're from, a little bit about your life growing up? All right, so I was born in Melbourne, Australia, in a place called Fertree Gully, so closer to the Dandenong Hills. Let me see, I was the first of the elders of five children. A Greek background, obviously by my surname. My father is Greek, so, you know, at a younger age, there was plenty of family and food and all of those things. That sadly, due to my lifestyle or chosen paths, I didn't fit into the Greek side of things, so that was removed by the time I was 16. I started work at an early age. I left school and I started work at an early age to support my mother and the other kids, so I very much became the parent for a long time.  That was kind of my childhood, didn't exist of a lot of childhood things. How did things evolve for you? You mentioned that you had a little bit of an issue with alcohol. So the first time I remember actually getting drunk was I was seven and I was allowed to have a little bit of alcohol at Christmas lunch. But I also remember that day because I was made to wear a dress and I was devastated. And that's how I remember that day. So for me, I found alcohol and I found out, on that point in time, I remember going, oh, this takes away all of my feelings on this. It all of a sudden, it didn't matter. It was only a small amount of alcohol, I'm sure, but it took away all of these horrible feelings that I had and uncomfortable feelings that I had. And so from that point on, I remember chasing alcohol. Well, I spent 23 years daily drinking except for 10 days and at the age of 39, I got sober. And that was a road in itself and took a fair bit. I went into AA program and with the support of a partner at the time, I managed to get sober. Wow. Yeah. So several years, obviously, into my sobriety, 37 to be exact, into my sobriety, I found that there were transgender guys around me had no idea. I didn't have any idea they were transgender, they were guys. So having found this out and I know it sounds like I lived under a rock, I felt like I did, but timing is everything. I approached one of them and asked questions to kind of get a feel about it, but not directly because at this point, I wasn't totally sure. I had put myself in the box of the lesbian world and that was the only place I felt not comfortable, but the only place I felt upfitted to a degree and all of a sudden, this world opened up to me. So hence, went to my GP who had taken me through my sobriety, so we'd known each other pretty strongly, walked into his office, turned around and said, I can't do this female thing. So I had gone by the name of Dee Always, not my birth name. So I had very much presented myself and was accepted very much in that way. I hadn't changed my pronouns at that point, but very much used male, sir, master style. So hence my journey began and it began very rapidly from that point. Let's back up and look at that a little bit. Tell me how that developed for you. So for me, from a very early age, I've always considered myself more tomboy-like, more male work-orientated, all of these things. I mean, from an early age, I was with my father pulling carburetors apart on cars and putting them back together. I was concreting and building fences and all of these things. So for me, from a very early age, I've always been that way. How long did you struggle with your identity before you were able to address that and do anything about it? I didn't actually really understand that I could transition and I know this is gonna sound crazy until I was 45. How well was this information known to you and information known in Australia at that time? Most of the guys or transgender guys within Australia at this point and in this point in time, they blended in and that's how they liked it. They just blended into the environment and weren't noticed and naturally because they passed well, they guys. So it was very difficult to get any actual, true feeling stuff. And I found that very difficult because there wasn't anything in Australia. That's fascinating. Go on. I'm just saying that's fascinating.  How about the other guys you were mentioning? Was there no support structure among them? So there wasn't in Australia at all and especially not in Victoria or Melbourne. There were four guys that started meeting up and I jumped in not long after that and we started up a group called the FTM Shed now called the Shed. That group grew like talk about needing to fill a space. This group just took off and took off like wildfire and there were just so many guys coming and getting like we'd meet once a month face to face in a meeting room and we talk about the feelings of it all and haven't learned how to shave and all of these things that group still runs today and the best thing that ever happened here and I learned a lot and not only that shared a lot in my journey. What did you learn? Well, I learned that what I felt wasn't unusual. I mean, changing and going on to hormones and doing that kind of transition is not a simple transition. It's very scary. It's very emotional and not emotional. Learning that one of the things I always shared was when I got sober, I went to AA and I did the 12 step program. It saved my life for me and I learned in that program that there were hundreds of feelings because in my drinking, I had three and all of a sudden there were all these feelings and they actually had names. When I started my transition, what I felt was I lost some of those because I feel because as men, we don't necessarily need all of those. We look at them differently. We adjust to them differently. We express them differently and so, you know, talking about those adjustments from going from a female headspace to a male headspace and emotions and everything that evolve into that can only be expressed face to face, I believe and in a space that we can share safely without being seen as so different. Well, for example, what were some of the emotions that were different female to male? So for me, I express things in less words. I didn't go on and on about something I would just say, well, you know, that really annoys me. I don't like that. Instead of going into a whole essay on talking about it and that's why it annoys me. I see. It's also about the, it's really tricky to explain. It's also about the feelings behind that because it's almost like you feel it, you say it, it's gone where prior, I would probably have stewed about it over in my head for a week or more trying to figure out all the things over and over again and then get to a point where it comes out at a bad time. And now for me, it's very more direct. It's very much more direct and it's just simple and direct.   You know, and that was kind of the start of the change of how I did things, which was very different. And it's also the feelings in it. The feelings don't stick. They don't stay rolling over and over and over and over again. They are there, spoken about, gone. Now, do you feel that that is a result of the hormones or is that a result of just, okay. No, it's the hormones. For me, it's the hormones, definitely. My way of thinking, my way of feeling is definitely. And it's also a big part of, I think, of me being true to me and not being as messy prior. Okay.  So all of that time was very messy. And I think coming into being true and living with me. Yes. Before we explore that, you said you came back to the leather community. What was your experience in that before? It felt like a different world because when I was definitely into my drinking and at that point also I was into drugs because I needed to do the drugs to drink more. So it was a very messy world and my understanding and the way that it went. Look, it was true for me at that point in time, but it was certainly not the leather world I understand today. Tell us about the scene that you discovered in Melbourne at that time. A lot stronger, pansexual-wise at that point in time. It was a lot closer in unity, I suppose, at that point in time. And also remembering that I had, I did not have a lot to do with the gay leather community at this point in time. The gay men. So obviously this was my little corner over here and I felt definitely that's where I belonged. It was instant. That's where I belonged. Tell us about the next step. Tell us how you began to explore your true gender, your true self. So once I heard about it, obviously, what do you do? You Google.  I was also living outside of Melbourne in a country town. Okay. So I wasn't in the thick of all of this, where I am now in Melbourne. I was in a country town, so I wasn't kind of walking the streets, going, whoa, I was very quiet about it. I was very much accepted as a lesbian at this point in the town, but I wasn't kind of ready to be out as possibly being transgender. And also at that point, I kind of went, well, I've done so much in my life, getting over sexual abuse, getting over alcoholism. I mean, do I really want to do this? Okay. I said to my GP, I can't do this female thing. He laughed and went about time, and that's exactly what he said. And I sat there going, I'm serious. He goes, so am I. Wow. And please remember, my GP and I had been on a 20-year journey, so he knew me. And that was it. I asked to see a counsellor. I wanted to make sure that my headspace was correct, and I seeked counselling for a few sessions just to make sure that this was the correct move. I went back to him and he rode out the hormones. How did it affect you emotionally, psychologically? In most cases during the first beginnings of the transition, I would always have almost two different thoughts on the same subject. There'd be one reaction and also another reaction, and it's like, well, which one is it? It's hard to explain. It's almost like I would have my old responses, and then I'd have another response because the hormones were changing. So was my thinking. And because my thinking, my feelings were changing, my thinking was changing, and so you almost feel like you're two split personalities. You almost can't trust anything. It's like when I was in the AA program, you know, the first 12 months ago, for the first 12 months, you make no major decisions, none, zero. Well, it's almost like you need to do that in the transition too, because you're not fully aware of, you're not fully in control at this point in time of what's going on in your head and your feelings. They're messy. They're messy. Well, for me, for me, and I don't believe it's just for me, but I will just talk for me. So psychologically, I just didn't know where to go. It was very confusing time and incredibly confusing time. I didn't know exactly who I was, but I knew I was heading there. Would it be very different, do you think, for a younger person? I think for the younger people, it's less of a rollercoaster. But I'd already done it, a chunk of life. Yeah. And also, I think there's not only the experience of life, but there's the awareness of it. And I think for, in the shed, we were having like 16-year-olds come in, starting their, well, they're in blockers and starting their transition. And I'm like, they have no, like their body is only going to really know the transition. Yeah. My body had already gone through this chunk, so yes, I believe the age made a difference, yes. I have infinite things to learn about all of this. So... Not easy. No, it isn't, but that's why I ask people who can teach me something. That's why I ask. So... But... Sorry. I was going to probably say, I think the hardest part in the transition, I mean, for very much, it's the internal trauma, like turmoil going on. But if you're younger, it's not so much. But it's certainly being excited for their firsts. And I'm going to say my... I remember the first time I passed in public. Passed in public, yeah. I was at Christmas lunch with my sister.  And I remember saying to my sister, I've got to go to the bathroom. I've got the stairs. The male toilet, the male bathroom door was direct ahead. The female bathroom door was off to the right, at the top of the stairs. And I remember walking up, and as I walked up, there was another guy coming out of the male toilets and he held the door open. Mm-hmm. That was the most exciting thing. I ever felt it was like, I'm done, I'm in. Oh, wow. How wonderful. Because all of my life, all of my, and all of my life, I have always gone to the female toilets and been told I didn't belong there. Yeah, yeah. But I didn't belong in the male arena. And that had happened all my life and all of a sudden, here I am. Yeah. The door's open. But had to have been an amazing for you. Big moment. From what I'm trying to say here is it's those moments, you have to get really, really excited for anyone that's transitioning. It's those moments, because those moments are going to be in their head forever. Yeah, yeah. You mentioned that that was the first time you passed in public. But I read on your Facebook page that there was a magical moment of gratitude. Yes. Tell us about that, because it's very profound what you have there. I was fortunate enough to be able to get chest surgery early in my transition. Very fortunate. And it was actually due to being slack and not doing my tax returns. And when I finally got around to doing it, the taxation department owed me. It was like having money in the bank. So I was able to actually get my chest surgery done. The moment that I talk about in the gratitude I had was the moment that I had had my chest surgery. I'd come out of the hospital. I was recuperating at home. And I was allowed to have a shower for the first time after surgery. And I came out of the shower and I had an ensuite. So I had a huge mirror opposite the shower. And I came out of the shower and I looked. And I think and I still get goosebumps and the gratitude was huge because I looked at myself for the very first time I actually saw myself. And I will never, ever forget it. And it was an incredibly emotional moment as I stood there. And I don't think I'd actually ever really looked at myself in a mirror for all of the years prior. Like I glanced, but I didn't look.  And I still get emotional about it. Because finally I was on this path that was me. It was me. How amazing for you though. Oh, that has been incredible. Yeah, it was. Wow. Moving forward a little bit. Certainly. At what point did you become interested in perhaps running for a title in the community? I'm not actually really sure on the exact on how it began. But I am aware that the producer, Wayne, wanted a transgender leather title. And I think we really need to remember at this point in time, transgender, especially transgender guys, was not really well known. It wasn't like it is today. So allowing a title for transgender alone, I think it did cause a little bit of upset over there. But Wayne went ahead and stood for the transgender leather titles. So I was still going through a lot of adjustments and changes within my world. The leather community was still very much a part of my support and very much part of my world. But I never ever, like in Australia, I wasn't involved with the gay men's community, leather community. So I didn't know there was titles. Oh, I see. No, no, no, I'm going to step back a bit. Yes, I knew there were titles in the US because I'd gone over there to the master slaves in South Plains. I knew there were titles, but I never knew there was a title that I would run. OK, OK. They were all over your way, not over this way. So when Ian approached me, having met Ian a couple of times over there at South Plains. He was the first. Correct. Mr International Transgender Leather. He was the first one. OK. He was the first one. Correct. So when he actually messaged me and said, you need to run for this title. And I went laugh out loud in capital letters and sent it back. He goes, no, I'm serious. I went, yeah, very funny. Just went. So there was a little bit backwards and forwards on that. And and sadly, what happened in that was my fear of running for the title and not being worthy of it was so huge. I knew I had to run for it. Wow. I knew I had to step up. I didn't know how I was going to do that. But I knew that my fear was so big, I needed to do it. That's a profound statement. So I came back to him and said, yes, I will. Now, in me in that point in time when I said, yes, it was 26 days to the title. OK. Not much time to prepare. My body had changed quite dramatically. So my leathers or my boots in particular no longer fitted me.  So at this point in time, I prepared everything that I could and got on the plane and headed to Atlanta 26 days. I'd never run for a title. I'd only ever seen the master slave title at South Plains. Now, had you no knowledge of any kind of contests going on there in Melbourne? I mean, they have, however, many a year at this point in time, I there wasn't. So they had they had at this point in time, they had led Leatherman and that was it that I knew of. Did you go and see the contest? No, because I wasn't male at that point. Oh, I see. OK. I find fascinating that I'm unfortunately bringing an American point of view on this that you would not have felt welcome. To go into that situation, that's fascinating to me. My issue was me. OK, got it. My issue was I didn't feel male enough to be in the lead. I didn't know how I how I was going to coordinate going to the bathroom. I didn't know. All of those things and it was too, too big of an effort trying to figure out even and even I didn't even have a great deal of gay male friends in the leather community to actually take me in at this point. Wow. Wow. So it was unless it was an open day which they do have a couple of times a year where females are allowed in and to a certain amount, certain time. I wasn't comfortable in going in. Fascinating. Yeah, but it was from my point of view, my thought process. And that's valid. Yeah. So with very little preparation, you've now traveled all the way to the US. What did you even know about the Mr. transgender leather contest? Did you have any concept of what it was all about, what it did? Well, I knew I knew very much that it was an educational teaching awareness title. So that worked for me. I'd already done a huge amount of that kind of work within Australia anyway. So the basis of what they were requiring from me in regards to the title I was already doing.  Answering questions. And was I worthy of it? That was my biggest thing. I knew that there were certain sections that I had to, you know, kind of do.  Right. Did you ever discuss with Ian why he wanted you to do this? What he saw in you? I don't know. I think sometimes you just connect with people from a level, a sole level that you'll never understand. It just happens. Oh, OK. And and I think because it's an international title and he really wanted Australia to be a part of that. He went for it. He went for it and he believed in me more than I believed in me. How was the contest conducted? There was the meet and greet, obviously. So you meet and greet the judges. They check you out, see how you perform, you know, all of these things. And of course, I don't drink. So, you know, I'm hanging out at the pub, you know. Once again, I was supported. So, you know, I was looked after. And, you know, then there was obviously the the interviewing side of it. That went for for quite some time.  And with my hands behind my back. And by the time they finished, I couldn't move my legs because I stood so stiffly in that position that I could just couldn't release them. And it was very interesting because the questions and some of the questions they were asking about, like, so, you know, one of the questions in particular, and I remember them asking, so who mentored you? I went mentored me where? Like, I didn't understand that question because I didn't understand what a mentor meant. Oh, I see. OK. Because here we didn't have that.  So we didn't kind of really have that when, you know. So that was one of them. I remember they asked, you know, can you name so many US leather events? Luckily, I knew them. Don't know why or how, but I did. So there were questions that didn't relate necessarily to me being an Australian, but they adjusted well and they heard me, which was fantastic. OK. So that was really, really great. It was very intense. The interviewing, because, you know, they're all prominent leather people that I kind of pretty well knew. Fish. Do you remember how many contestants there were? Yeah, I do. There was only one of me. Oh, OK. OK. OK. But you still have to hit all the marks to win that. That's what they said. That's what they said. Oh, and look, you know, I know people kind of go, well, there's only one will actually, you know, it doesn't work that way. Right. You do have to. You do have to. You do have to hit the marks. And, you know, honestly, I earned it. Yes, I believe that. What did you do during your title year? What did you do with that title? Most of most of my my work or education, apart from online, was actually in Australia. It wasn't until the next year that I had the opportunity to actually do more. So I felt like I didn't really do enough. And that's not what anyone else said. That was my personal side on it. I would have loved to have done a lot more, but I didn't feel like I did any more than what I was already doing within and also remembering at this point in time, too, I still wasn't in the lead. I still wasn't amongst, you know, the gay leather men at this point in time, either. So the title was really here, wasn't even recognised a great deal. Certainly amongst, you know, my smaller weather community and pansexual side of it. And they were very happy. And the, you know, the F to M shed were stoked that I got a look, even though they didn't even understand it, because they're not leathermen. You know, there was lots of excitement on that basis. And I came back to, you know, my leather family and peers who, you know, did a covering ceremony and, you know, was presented all in that way. But at this point, the title itself here. Wasn't really anything. That's disappointing to hear. You're one of, to my knowledge, you're one of only three international title holders from Australia. If there are more, I am not aware of that. No, I don't think there is more. There is. I think there's only three. Yes, only three. Yeah, there was the second IML from Sydney. Yep. I am ignorant of his name at the moment. There's you. So am I. And then there's girl, Ange, who was an IMSL. That's correct. Yeah, correct. That title should have received infinitely more attention. But at this point in time also, and I've got it, yes, I agree. I was sad about it. But at this point in time to like titles weren't big here either. You know, they really weren't. It was it was very minimum and it was very isolated to the. The lead and the gay Leatherman there. Like, you know, even the rubber title didn't exist. Like all the ones that are happening in in Brisbane and Sydney and Adelaide now, these didn't exist at this point in time. Oh, I understand. OK. So the type, the only titles that I'm aware of. Fully. Was at the ledge. OK. Wow.  How long were you the international title holding there? Well, sadly, I'm the last one. Yeah, only the two of the following. Correct. So the following year. No, I managed to tick all the boxes for both titles. So my title wife, Tiff, and I held the title over for another year. And in that particular year, I got to do a lot more.  I, you know, traveled around further. I presented it beyond and, you know. So while I was over there for that judging of the next taking, you know, my step down, I was able to do some extra stuff and, you know, get up on stage and talk about the title and so forth, which was which was a fantastic opportunity. And I felt like I was able to tick off some of the boxes I would have loved to have done on my first year. Sadly, after that, it's due to I'm going to say personal reasons the title producers stopped. And I don't know those exact details, and it's not my story to tell. But it did stop. And the sad part, I think, about that was about a year later, I had got approached by so many trans guys wanting to run for the title and wanted to run anymore. And I mean, you know, like messages and messages and all I could say was I don't know what to say. But that was really sad because at this point, the trans guy community and also awareness had grown so much. There was a lot more comfortability in stepping out. We see numerous trans title holders now. What are your thoughts on that? I mean, to my knowledge, we have at least two people from IML. I know. And it's and it's fantastic.   And that journey and that thought process is always with you and to be able to step on that stage, especially IML, especially IML, to step on that stage and own it. And then walk away with the title spray of takes courage. Do you how do you feel in the in the local community now? So that's come a long way, you know, it took. It took a journey for me. To get comfortable in the lead, which is gay male space, leather and rubber and all the all the bears and everyone to be comfortable to walk in and out of there without a hitch. I'm part of a small leather group or just a few of us guys that, you know, are all into the leather that we like out our style of leather.  And we just do things amongst the lead and the man and man house. And and. And I can walk in and out without a problem. And once again, as I said, the lead don't don't have a problem with that. It was my journey to get there and be comfortable with walking in as one of the guys. One of the biggest things I found for myself was once I decided I wanted to go there, I wanted it all speed ahead. And that caused me a lot more grief than going, OK, this is my next step. This is my next step and just doing those steps and being excited about the little wins, the little wins the first time you pass the first time you get called he.  What's the biggest misconception about you? It takes me a while to warm up and so I may seem cold. But I'm not. I just don't know how to do it. Why did you agree to this interview? Because I want the title to actually go down in history and you seem like a really nice person to talk to. I've watched I've watched a lot of your your your chats and I like I like the kind of more relaxed manner in which it's done and it's kind of fun. So when I want it recorded, I think it needs to be. Well, thank you very much. I appreciate it. Thank you. Thank you. So that's why. How do you want to be remembered by the leather community? When fear presents itself, I walk forward into it and I will always, always offer any help and education that I can. How do you want to be remembered by the trans community? To make a safe space. For those that. Needed it's a safe, just a safe space, just a safe space for those that come up, you know. Behind me, because I didn't I didn't have that. I didn't have that part of it and to be remembered as someone who was up front, allowing that to happen for those that came behind me. Yes.