How's it going everybody we're back and this time I got a match right away So we got to jump in real quick here. No intro. No intro. We just jumping into a match Right after this loading screen that is ooh looking nice in the black trunks.  All right, we're hoppin in That was not what I wanted to do. This is my first match of the day and two mistakes Nice got some damage. Oh Nice down heavy probably probably should just held block on there if I was gonna jump from so far away. Oh should have block low Too busy worrying about the Vegeta assist. It's dead Level one level one. Oh Didn't oh I could have lived Whoa, he got to hit a button that quickly after that. Yeah, I'm making a lot of mistakes here This guy's also playing very well Damn it. I don't know. I don't know enough about piccolo. Hi. We in there. Okay. We got the Krillin combos nice Pulled it off in the clutch. That means I'm getting better at that combo and with that we have we took the lead back. Oh No, no Vegeta system means we're going in. Oh, I thought it was gonna go for the beams again Get the hard knockdown. Oh my down heavy didn't go off. Oh, and we got him put on the pressure. All right Down to his last character Vegeta does have full health though and six bars. So we got to watch out for that Play it safe. Play it safe. Ooh, it's not gonna last long enough. Okay. We got a Nice the after image coming in clutch Okay, level three Get as much of that blue health away as we can and then come in, huh? I want him to go on the offensive now. So we just jab me out of it. All right. I can respect that. Oh I already click vanish. We out of there. Yeah, I'm actually not gonna call anymore assist I'm worried. I'm gonna hit by a stray final flash Who can't click buttons after this? No, no, no. All right. Nice pretty rough match for me could have played a lot better My opponent was taking advantage of some things. I was doing wrong. So let's try to correct that and Maybe not call out Yamcha so early on in this next match That was a really rough done heavy for me Could have gotten punished for that pretty easily Can't click buttons Take your time here darn, oh We can get out of here pretty easy Nice got him. I'm guessing he was trying to switch out there I know I would have I would have been trying to get out of there, too. Oh Wow, what happened there? Get the hard knock down. I'm fine with spending the meter How did he block that? Oh, that didn't work. Oh Tiny arms nice. All right Whoo, man, I'm not talking a lot because I am I don't know why I'm thinking so hard for this first game. Oh That was nice He's not recovering anything though. He popped that strictly for the combo. Oh, no We're fine. We're fine. We're fine Getting some some random like here. We haven't had lag all game.  I think I clicked a button Where's this lag coming from? It's all blue health. Oh wrong button Behind the back. Hey, I haven't done that all match A lot of people just don't play against Yamcha. So they get caught by that pretty easily And we're back with our match against Albino polar bear There's also a demon and a slightly higher in BP than me. So it should be a good match Damn, I forgot to look at his team Gohan Gohan and Vegeta blue. Okay, we are in there. They ain't going in for the the classics. Here we go Krillin time. Oh How did I mess up that badly? Okay, should I switch in Gohan here? Yeah, I'm gonna switch in Gohan here.  Oh Nice Wow, they didn't hit. Oh my dead. I am dead Big bang attack. Oh, never mind. He doesn't have big bang attack. Just Drag me to the ground and pummel me up Good stuff. Wow lost Krillin. Now I'm in a real bad spot. Okay, swap out for Yamcha here nice, okay Vegeta down Vegeta down. Also, that wasn't a What was they thinking there? That was not a the smartest decision I've ever made Yup, I saw that one coming if he was gonna press a button there I was just gonna level three right through it Right behind them Oh, and I messed up probably should have down heavy there Too high too high. I don't want to use my sparking blast before he does Oh, you kidding me. I dropped that Yeah, I'm not gonna be able to damn. I gotta gotta remember Masha Yeah, I got a pop sparking here pretty soon. Wow that hit me. Am I dead?  I actually would have survived had he not level five man Wow, and now I'm in a bad way No level one nice random guess Just felt he was gonna superdash there Let's run that back. Let's run that back cuz that was not a clean match on anybody's side Here we go. Let's let's try to do more work with Krillin this time. I'm really charging up. Oh Yeah, I gotta go out of here. Nice got the hard knock done. Oh Really? Oh my down heavy didn't go off. Oh, that was really bad Going up. Okay. Here we go.  Oh, yeah, I'm chip Damn Yeah, I've really need to call in a sense of being or something Nice nice nice. We got him. How did I miss that up? Okay? Let's get him back closer to us Okay, drag back and go on here. Come on. Let me get going. Oh wait. Wait. Oh, no Nice nice nice. Okay. Whoo Again, this is a really bad match for me Yeah, I'm gonna level three. I'm In case that wasn't clear. That's what's going through my mind. I'm level three and I'm if I live. Oh Bad input. No Wow, well deserved on that one. I got so many bars to spend.  I Hope you guys are ready for the Krillin show because that's what it's going to need to be right now the absolute Krillin show nice Krillin coming in clutch Didn't even need to use a bar there, which I mean, it's not like I don't have enough No No No, I messed it up. That was supposed to be a hard knock down into a level three Don't kill me.   Come on. Come on. Come on Come on. Come on. Come on. Come on. He'll heal. He'll heal. He'll heal. Oh Nope.  Let's go Whoo a well-deserved victory by me. I didn't even panic. Wow, that was so bad Damn it Thanks for watching these videos as always and I hope you enjoyed this one I really didn't play too well today, but hopefully you can see that even when you make some mistakes You can still come through with the victory in these and yeah, thanks for watching See you guys in the comments


The study found that late-life depression is a significant public health issue in South Africa, with an estimated prevalence rate of 4%. Factors such as functional disability, lack of quality of life, and chronic conditions, angina, asthma, arthritis, and nocturnal sleep problems, were associated with depressive symptoms in the past year. These findings suggest that interventions should focus on improving quality of life among older adults, particularly those with functional disabilities, lack of quality of life, and chronic conditions. This article was authored by Karl Pelzer, and now in Sifaswanamafuya.


This has happened a lot in the last few years. It's happening again right now, where the public is so fixated on a certain divisive polarizing issue that anything you say gets put through the filter of that side's taking. So often the two polarized sides are not actually in disagreement on a deep level. They're both taking something for granted. That isn't true. So I like to point out that deeper thing. And I might not be able to do that directly. I am purposely not taking a public stand on one side or another of the debate, as it is called, or the issue, because who decides that that is the issue that everyone should focus their attention on? And what gets left out when we focus on the thing that the news tells us to focus on, when we buy into their idea of what's important and what is not? I know that your show is a lot about empowering women. Well, guess who has been considered not important for an awful long time? Not only because of your biological sex, but because of the kinds of emotional, spiritual orientation that women typically have. Like those in the Patriarchy are considered unimportant. But let's go back to non-binary beings and so forth. It's another one of these divisive things that it's almost designed to get people really angry at each other. It taps into a deeper patterning, which is, you could call it personal blame or the concept of fault and the concept of right and wrong. Non-binary folks have been oppressed and persecuted in a lot of ways for a long time. And for people of compassion and conscience, that hurts. We want to validate their choices. And it's like the only way we know how to do that culturally is to normalize or draw some broader principle, some big intellectual construct about binarism in the abstract and to try to make sense of it all in some moral framework. This is one of the things that's tearing society apart. By establishing some moral principle, then you're gonna put other people outside of that moral principle and make them wrong. In the whole trans issue, you have a lot of women, a lot of gay people feeling themselves really marginalized and invalidated by the new ideology. And so then they start fighting with each other. Meanwhile, the planet proceeds toward ruin. Again, it's like this issue of what gets left out, what is not talked about when we focus on the hot button issues and what defines these issues and what power channels so much of our psychic energy toward these contentious issues.


Hi there, so I'm John M, title of my talk is Hand for Hackers. Stamature Extra, it's the highest class of license in the United States. I've been operating since about 2000. Radio is just one of my hobbies, stuff where a security consultant intends to pay more. So if you want to play with wireless, say you want to do remote control, you want to have data links, or you want to just talk to people, or say you're building a robot and you want telemetry, what are your options really? So here's the U.S. frequency allocation from about zero to 300 gigahertz. So what do you have to play with? What's completely open for you to do? Nothing. All of it is restricted in one way or another. There's no electromagnetic spectrum is a shared resource. The government locks it down pretty tightly. Listening is unrestricted though.   So if you're just experimenting, what can you use? There's a couple that are dedicated to unlicensed use. FCC Part 95 defines the personal radio services, which is CB and FRS. These are generally low power, short range. You're going to get about a couple of miles and they're voice only. There's also only a few channels for each service. So in crowded areas there's a lot of competition for using these frequencies. FCC Part 15 covers your unlicensed RF devices. This is everything from Wi-Fi to your garage door over cordless phones, remote control cars, all of that stuff is FCC Part 15. It's very limited power. Generally you can't have any kind of amplification or directional antenna. There's a number of frequencies available, but there's a lot of users and generally it's secondary use. So there's a primary user that can stomp all over you all they like and you're not going to be able to do much. So to make a long story short, unlicensed operations are restricted. You're not going to have much range. You're going to have a lot of competence. You have to take it.  And this is no joke. The FCC has very strong powers with regards to interfering transmitters. You knock on your door and say, let me see your transmitter and you have to let them in now. No time to flush your transmitter down the toilet or anything like that. They can do that. That's their power. So unlicensed operations, if you're violating that and you're causing lots of problems for the people, so enter amateur radio. FCC Part 97 defines the amateur radio service. The upside, you get to use a lot more power and you have primary use on a number of bands, which means that you are the authorized user for that band. If someone else is causing you interference, they have to stop. The downsides are you have to be licensed and you have to follow operating procedures. So amateur radio created four hackers. Back when they created the FCC, they created people who were doing whatever they wanted on anywhere on the radio frequencies. And it was a big mess. They created the FCC lockdown spectrum, but they still wanted to have that free experimentation that was going on with radio. And so they created the amateur radio service. And the stated purpose is the continuation and extension of the amateur's proven ability to contribute to the advancement of radio art. So it was created to provide skilled individuals with a form for experimentation and technical advancement. Limitations. There are a couple of key ones. First and foremost, you have to identify yourself. There's no anonymity in amateur radio. And there's no secrecy and there's no encryption. The only time you can use encryption is when you're controlling a satellite station, like up in space. Otherwise, there's no secrecy, no encryption. You can't broadcast, especially not music. The only time you can send music is when you're rebroadcasting space station transmissions, and it's in the background. The biggest one in the area. So you can't, it's non-commercial. You can't make money off of it. You can't sell access to it. But you can develop technologies and sell those technologies to other people. That's perfectly fine. And one last thing, you really, they have this thing about profanity. It's kind of lame, but you can't swear. So there's three levels of license. You've got technician, which is the entry level, general and extra. If you just want to experiment, the technician license will give you full privileges on all the bands above 50 megahertz. So 50 megahertz up into the gigahertz ranges. You can use 1,500 watts of power if you need to, compared to, say, a couple of milliwatts for your Wi-Fi transmitter. And you can use unlimited bandwidth above 900 megahertz. The higher levels of licensing give you access to the high frequency bands, which is everything below 30 megahertz. These bands get, is what you traditionally associate with amateur radio. These are the people that are talking around the world. Using 5 watts of power. So these are really long propagation bands.  The tests are pretty straightforward. They're multiple choice. The entire question pool is published and freely available. 75% is a passing grade. The technician exam is only 35 questions. So if you can answer 26 out of 35 multiple choice questions, you can get a technician license. And in fact, at noon today, upstairs in one of the sky boxes, we're giving it a testing session if you're interested. So I know what you're thinking. Isn't ham radio for losers? Isn't it full of old men who wear suspenders? They sit around talking about what they're going to buy when they go into the city? Well, yeah, these guys really do exist. But you don't have to be that guy. And as long as you're following the rules yourself, they'll leave you alone. And some of them are actually pretty smart and they know a lot that they can share with you. The other question is, isn't the technology outdated? Well, yeah, so let's compare these two devices. In this hand, I've got a standard handheld radio. In this hand, I've got a cell phone. Analog signaling FM modulation. I can talk on a single frequency at one time. I can listen to two frequencies. When I transmit, people hear me. When they want to talk to me, they're going to finish. Here I've got a cell phone. It's high-efficient, high-quality, efficient digital codecs, having spread spectrum. Multiplexing allows multiple people to use the same frequency at once. And that's not even talking about the software these devices run. I mean, this is a single-purpose device. I can't install Java on this. I can browse the web with this. And the cost is about the same. But there's a lot of cool stuff happening on Amateur Radio. Things I've done, I've talked across country using satellites about this size. Bouncing up to a satellite, talking to someone all the way on the east coast. I've used it for tracking high-altitude balloons that we've sent up to the edge of space. I've used $20 for the hardware to pick up signals from across the country as well. I've added emergency beaconing to my motorcycle so that if I crash, my wife knows where to find me. And there's a lot of cool new technologies being brought into Amateur Radio. Spread spectrum. A lot of you know what's used in your Wi-Fi cards.  It gives you less interference, more bandwidth, it's generally more reliable. It's kind of dead in Amateur Radio, though. There was a peak in the late 90s when the hardware started approving its use. Since then, interest has waned and the kits are pretty much out of production. Digital modes are picking up, though. So DSTAR is a new standard for digital communication of ATM. You can get up to 128 kilobits per second over long distances. It's just like 100 miles with repeaters, you're sending high-speed data point to point. It uses a proprietary codec, which is pretty sucky, but it gives you 4,800 bits per second digital voice. The proprietary codec is kind of a sticking point with DSTAR because only one manufacturer is willing to pay the $25 license fee for the codec. The plethora of Adlon services, you've got position reporting, image transferring, text messaging. So it's kind of an indication of where Amateur Radio is going, especially with the digital modes, but it's kind of a false start right now. What's really cool in my mind is software-defined radio. So instead of doing all your single processing and electronic circuitry, do it in software. It makes for a much more versatile radio. You can implement new modulation schemes just by patching your software, and you can implement really strong algorithms, too. And because the software does the heavy lifting, the hardware becomes much cheaper. So for an example, you've got the new radio. It's an open-source software-defined radio package. It uses the USRP universal software radio peripheral. And it's basically an FPGA, some really high-quality digital analog converters and analog digital converters, and a dotted board interface. You plug in the dotted boards for different frequencies, and you can get coverage from 0 to 2.4 GHz. It has support for many different modulations and encodings, and it's not $2,800 for your base USRP. A lot of people are using these, but they're only doing really simple things like using them to sniff GSM traffic. And there's so much more you can do with these. I mean, imagine what you could do fuzzing the low-level Wi-Fi RF interfaces, things like that. So it opens up... it's really cool technology. So you're thinking $700 plus an extra $150 for each RF module isn't that kind of expensive? Well, that radio there costs $13,000, and it doesn't have much more functionality. It gives a little more power, but that's about it. So there's another one called the HP SDR. It's a modular platform like the USRP. It's built much more focused on amateur radio. Price for a full 0 to 55 MHz transceiver should be in the $800 range. But even that's pretty expensive. It kind of moves it out of the range of casual experimentation. So the next is what's called in-phase quadrature demodulation, IQ demodulation. So why do you need a high-power FPGA when you've got a pretty strong processor on your computer? So you use a very cheap board to grab a chunk of RF spectrum and feed it into your sound card. The software then performs the demodulation and decoding, and your bandwidth is pretty much limited by your sound card. And the frequency is limited practically by what clock source you can generate in a clean way. 50 MHz is pretty much the practical limit for low-cost hardware. Soft rock radios, I have one, but it didn't bring with me. Really low-cost kits, $10 for a single-band receiver, $30 for a single-band transceiver. For $50 you can get a frequency agile transceiver kit that'll do from 0 to 30 MHz. And you have a variety of software packages to process the signals. So you go from this, where you tune across the band, you find a signal, you listen to it, you kind of filter out the noise in your head, you copy the Morse down to paper, because on the higher frequencies people use that because it's a very spectrally efficient method of communication. So you go from that to this. You start the software, you see the Morse code scroll across the screen, and you scroll through the spectrum and read the text.  And because we're in a building, I can't give you a live demonstration, but I've got this nice recording that someone made of a nice pile-up demonstrates what this software can do. So this is about 30 or 40 different stations transmitting Morse, and you just click and you say, oh, okay, well, that person's sending this. You can see what they're sending down here. And it's kind of turning amateur radio into IRC. I mean, this is really cool because it brings it down to the level of people who are much more what you can do with the technology than how many people you can talk to in one day. So, and this is all freely available software. This particular package is commercial, but it's not that expensive. But it's something you can do with $12 with a hardware. So software-defined radio is pretty cool. So this is my call to arms. The kind of tone of my talk is that there's a lot of potential for cool radio, but the fact of the matter is that the average age of the amateur radio operator goes up by a year, almost exactly every year, which means that these people are getting older and there aren't new people doing anything with it.  So we're jumping at the bit left and right to buy this spectrum and use it for commercial uses. But it's our last hope for radio experimentation. They're not making good use of it anyways, but we can do cool things with it. So let's keep it open for experimentation and do cool things with it. We can make it better. We can bring existing technologies that we all know and love into the amateur radio space. We can use the spectrum more efficiently. We can do higher data rates. So what's next? Get your license. It's really easy. If you don't do it today, do it in any major town, and most of the minor ones, there's a test session every month. So get your license. Start experimenting. Build some kits. Play with software. Repurpose existing hardware. So what's next? Get your license. It's really easy. If you don't do it today, do it in any major town, and most of the minor ones, there's a test session every month. So get your license. If you don't know, amateur radio has a primary use on the 2.4 gigahertz band, which means if you have your license and you follow all the other operating procedures, you can use 1,500 watts of power on your Wi-Fi connection. I mean, how would you like that? I mean, so bring amateur radio back into the realm of hackers and experimenters. That's what I want people to do. That's what I want you to do coming out of here. Any questions? Yeah. Pardon? Which one's that? Yeah. Yeah, yeah. That's also a commercial one. The one I'm curious about is the Speaks codec, which is an open implementation. And that'd be really cool to see someone implement in a low-cost hardware environment. Yeah. How much does the test cost? The test is $14. The test is upstairs in room 3. Yes. Yeah. People are writing extensions for it, but no one's going as far as hacking the firmware. The codec is sold as a chip. It's an ASIC, so there's not much hacking you can do with that. But you can hack the protocol, certainly. Yeah. It is not open source, unfortunately. A lot of open source software to do the IQ demodulation, and so it's not that big of a step to do an open source implementation of CW Scammer. Yeah, in the back. Yeah. Yeah, Amateur Radio has been doing digital modes, packaged digital modes for a long time, and there are drivers and things like that in the Linux kernel for doing AX25 and things like that, definitely. Yes. Yeah. Most of them are very much software-defined radios, and you can apply your own firmware. Same thing with Bluetooth. All of those consumer digital communications devices tend to be software radio. Yes. Pardon? So, what's that? So, the A double RL, Amateur Radio Relay League, is a facto, it's kind of like the radio equivalent of the EFF. They are the lobbying organization within the United States for amateur radio. They also do a lot of administering of the licensing sections, and they have taken over a lot of the responsibility for administering amateur radio from the FCC, because the FCC has decided that they have been... It is a good idea, and... We'll talk to you later. I'll give you my call sign. All right, any other questions?


I just finished Star Wars Clone Wars season 7. The final episode. I am so happy that this show finally has a proper ending to it. Sorry, it is 2 in the morning. I am extremely tired and delirious because, you know, it's 2 in the morning. But, you know, anyway, I just watched the final episode of Star Wars Clone Wars. So, here's the thing. I guess it premiered at midnight. I'm not exactly sure. All I know is it was going to premiere today, which is May the 4th, in fact. And I went online to see if it was up. And it was. So I watched it. At 2 in the morning. Yeah, my sleep schedule is completely fine. But anyway, that is beside the point. What I am here to talk about is the final season of Star Wars the Clone Wars. Which, I can say, is pretty middle ground season. Overall, season is pretty decent. With it originally supposed... So, season 7 was originally supposed to consist of the final 3 arcs to season 6. At least, that's to my knowledge. Because, when they made season 6, they only got the 12 episodes out. But so, the 3 arcs that we got for season 7 were the Bad Batch arc, what I'm going to call Ahsoka's personal arc, and then the final arc. The Bad Batch arc follows Rex as he realizes that plans to separate us are using, or ones that him and Echo came up with. Which, a lot of characters are like, hey, that's just coincidence because Echo's dead. And he's like, yeah, I know, but I can't shake this feeling that he's not. And so, they go to like... So, he basically commits Anakin to help him figure out what the heck is going on. And they end up getting help from the Clone Group, known as the Bad Batch. A group of clones that have been genetically modified to basically work in specific ways. You have the leader Hunter who, his modification is basically, he's able to genetically basically go into a computer room and just sense the energy and be able to accurately pull up a battle map in his head.  Which, if this works, why do you not give this ability to every clone? That makes no sense to me, just give it to all of them. And you've also got the sharpshooter whose name I can't remember. Tech and Wrecker.  Tech is like the smartest one. He basically has glasses in his face, but he's so freaking intelligent that he was able to pull up a translation for an alien species that none of them had ever met, and like, speak it to them. The first time he tried it. Which is great. That whole arc goes how you expect. They end up saving Echo, and then Echo chooses to join the Bad Batch, which officially makes the Bad Batch my personal favorite trope of all time, the Five Man Band. Yes, it is the greatest thing! Woohoo! I am sorry. The Five Man Band is like my favorite trope, I think, just because I ended up watching a number of shows with the Five Man Band trope when I was a kid. Uyo is a perfect example of it. The Power Rangers are a great example of Five Man Band, Teenage Mutant Ninja Shirtles. So like, I guess because I just watched a ton of shows with that trope in it, like using that structure that it just became like my favorite trope of all time. Sorry, got a little sidetracked there. That is not what I am, that is not the important bit, that is not what I'm talking to you about. Second arc of the final season basically follows Ahsoka as she meets these two sisters who live on the lower levels of Coruscant. And their entire thing is that they are just trying to get by. They are trying to make them enough money to get out of the rat hole that they find themselves in so that they can pretty much, you know, survive and make it on their own. As it turns out, they are orphaned because of their parents died towards the beginning of the war because of Zero. That arc, the final like, the final two episodes of the first season of Clone Wars when you meet basically, when Zero is getting freed from prison and all that, when they ended up accidentally crashing one of the Star Cruisers into one of the hyperspace lanes, apparently these two sisters, their parents lived outside, like right on the other side, the family lived right outside the hyperspace lane and it crashed directly into it, killing the parents and the sisters managed to get out. So they don't like the Jedi. So the entire arc is really, really cool because like it's going through and it's like Ahsoka basically having to hide the fact that she's a Jedi because she's actually ashamed of it, she doesn't want to reveal it to these people that she actually likes a little bit. And at this point, remember, she has left the order so like she doesn't consider herself a Jedi anymore. And so like her basically, I don't know, it was really amazing for like her to go and like interact with people who dislike the Jedi just because of like what happened to them. It was really awesome. But then the final arc, it's probably, no, not even probably, it is the best arc of the entire series, hands down full stop. I am not going to, no, you cannot argue this with me. It is the best arc. It is the greatest one. Oh my God, it literally shows the final movie from Ahsoka's perspective. It is one of the best things ever to happen. It is amazing and I love it and it is great. It will never not be awesome. Okay, so explaining what happened. Basically what ended up occurring is at the end of Ahsoka's like four episode journey with the Spice Running sisters. She ends up running into Satine's sister, the Death Watch, one of the Previzal's Death Watch members who hates Maul for killing Previzal and her sister and like taking over Mandalore because of it. So she basically is like, hey Jedi, so Maul is on this planet. Help us capture him and you can have him. And they're like, cool, that's a great idea. And Anakin and Obi-Wan get the call. It's like, hey, so the Chancellor has been taken by Grievous. We need you guys here to help us.  Hey, and Anakin's like, hey, I have an idea. Let's give a Detachment of Clones to Ahsoka and she can go to Mandalore and help them. And Obi-Wan's like, hmm, but she's not a part of the enemy. He's like, fine, we'll make Rex commander and then give him the command and she can tag along as a consultant. He's like, that'll work. So they go to Mandalore, they capture Maul and then Order 66 is given as they're on their way to Coruscant.  And it's amazing. Oh my God. I love it so much. Sorry. I'm not biased towards this season at all. What they do with the final four episodes is the way that they're presented comes off as its own movie as opposed to an arc of a show. Does that make sense? The way that it gets presented is Ahsoka's perspective. But each episode ends on like a cliffhanger that will keep you hooked for next episode. But the thing is, none of the episodes start the way that every other episode of Clone Wars started. They don't start with it quick. Here's the setup to get you in. They go right into the story and they end and it leads perfectly into the next one. Like you could have released these four episodes as its own singular movie and I would have loved it. Like it works so well. Like this is the Clone Wars movie that we should have got instead of the Clone Wars movie. That being 2008 movie Clone Wars that predated Clone Wars as a show. It's basically the first episode and it's not that good. It's pretty much leads to the worst arc of the show. I am not a fan of Zero. I am however a fan of the bounty hunter that frees him whose name I cannot remember. But I'll get into that later at some point. Anyway, the final four episodes make up for every misstep that the season had up to this point. It's so good. The biggest misstep in this season was when Ahsoka was with the sisters. They aren't bad characters by any means. They're really really good. They're actually really great characters. It's that it felt like they were trying to force character development onto Ahsoka rather than letting her like naturally evolve almost. I don't know. It's slightly hard to explain because some of her actions felt forced despite that that was kind of me. But the way she acts in these final four episodes are so perfect for her character.   She refuses to let Rex kill them. She refuses to surrender to them because it could get pretty much everyone killed. It's a great moment. It was perfect for her character. The way the season ends, I'm not going to spoil the way the season ends for the very final shot of the season. It is perfectly brilliant. There's like almost no dialogue in it. It is one of the greatest mirror shots I have ever seen and I loved it so much. It was the perfect way to wrap up the show in my opinion. And as you can tell, I'm a massive Star Wars fan and Clone Wars is one of my favorite cartoons from when I was a child. Meaning I have zero biases about this at all whatsoever. I am totally making this clear-minded too. No, but really. Okay, my personal bias towards Clone Wars aside, I was probably going to like whatever final bits they came up with. But seeing Order 66 being given from another perspective, from the perspective of someone who is like, holy shit but doesn't want to kill anyone, I loved it. I loved seeing it from a Soak's perspective. And it just added so much to her character. It felt like she actually was her. She didn't feel too different from how she was. I know that doesn't make a ton of sense, but I don't want to get into too much spoilers. If you guys haven't seen it, I plan on doing a full and proper review for the final four episodes of Clone Wars. Eventually, just they're so good. I have to say that overall the final season of Clone Wars is the best season that we've gotten so far. If only for the final four episodes. As much as I love the Bad Batch arc, unfortunately they're not in it enough to truly be amazing characters that everyone is going to remember. I will remember the Bad Batch for the rest of time because again, trope of the 5-man band that is my favorite thing, but I understand if people don't remember them. I can understand people disliking the Spice Running arc a little bit because that doesn't do a ton, but I enjoy it overall and it gave personal growth to Ahsoka overall which I personally love. And then the final four episodes with Siege of Mandalore and seeing Order 66 given out and done by the clones from Ahsoka's perspective that affected her, I thought was a perfect way to end the show and it was so, so much fun to watch overall. For me, with everything in consideration, the final season of Clone Wars rolls a 19.  Even if I don't go back to the rest of the show which I will eventually do, it's one of my favorites, I love it so much. But the final four, with everything is just, I thought it was amazing and if you haven't seen it for whatever reason and you're a fan of Star Wars, go watch it now. It is well, well, well worth your time. Yeah, that's all that I have for you now guys.  If you like the content that I put out on this channel and you would like to continue to follow me, please hit the subscription button down below. If you would like to see more videos in the vein of this, what I call my critical reviews, you can click the playlist right here. If you'd like to see another Star Wars video specifically on what I do not believe that The Last Jedi is that bad of a film, you can click right here. If you'd like to follow me on Twitter or Instagram, links to both of those are going to be in the description down below as always. And that's all I have for now. So, I hope that you guys have a great day. Don't forget to love each other and as always guys, peace out.


Okay, we are live. Nico, do you wanna do an introduction and then we'll take it away? Sure, I'm happy to do so. Yep, my name is Nico Geier and I'd just like to also introduce Shadman today who is the manager of emerging technologies at CGI Federal. And Shadman and his team at CGI Federal have been using Firefly for a while and have found it has really accelerated a lot of different use cases in their business with some of their clients and just really excited to have him here today to present to talk to you all about the different ways that they've found Firefly to be useful and to accelerate their business. So the first part of this webinar, Shadman is gonna talk and kind of describe some of those use cases.  Maybe you've seen it in action before. Hope this is probably a slightly newer demo than maybe one you've seen before. And so we're gonna really focus on like the developer power of Hyperledger Firefly and how it accelerates development. And I'm gonna try to tie that back to use cases that Shadman is talking about. So that's kind of the plan for this webinar. And Shadman, thank you so much for being here and I'll turn it over to you. Thank you for having me, Nico. This is really exciting to just share the journey that I've had within this space. So I'll go ahead and get started. I'll be talking about driving digital transformation within government with Hyperledger Firefly. So as Nico mentioned, I'm a manager within the emerging technology practice at CGI Federal. And the agenda today that I'll be going over is if I could get my slides to go to the next one. Sorry, there we go. I'll just do a brief introduction of CGI Federal and then talk about setting up the stage with Web 3 and Zero Trust. Why governments need Web 3 and then I'll be diving into some of the use cases that we're focused on. And then how Hyperledger Firefly enables us to move at the speed of mission and then open it up for CQ&A. So CGI Federal, CGI is actually one of the best kept secrets if you haven't heard but CGI Federal is a subsidiary specifically focused in the US market. We're about 7,000 members within CGI Federal and we have hundreds of clients within the federal government from Air Force, Navy, Marines to civil. We run all the financial platforms for a lot of these agencies. So just wanted to be cognizant of the CGI Federal footprint. We have offices all over the United States as well as the global footprint. Now what my team focuses on specifically is the emerging tech around Web 3.  So I'm not going to go deep but just as a refresher for anybody new, Web 1 was in the early 90s and then we went to Web 2 and now we're moving towards this decentralized version of the web. Now we're calling this Web 3 and many people just focused on just the blockchain aspect of Web 3 but the definition of Web 3 to me includes AI driven data services, edge compute as well as the talks of metaverse. So Web 3 just isn't about blockchain but this talk will be focused specifically on the blockchain aspect of Web 3.1. That's what my team focuses on. So this is the bigger vision that we have is how do we enable digital transformation across industries, whether that's defense, supply chains, academia, healthcare networks. Imagine a world where you can integrate these different systems across different industries without needing to trust anyone. And this idea of zero trust that you have to verify before access. You don't trust any user. You don't trust any device. You don't trust any network without verification. And that's the bigger vision of zero trust. And I think Web 3 will play a big role in making this vision come to reality. Now the question is why do governments need to move from Web 2 to Web 3? As you know, Web 2, the biggest problem we see is the architecture. The main problem is the data silos prevent data sharing in real time. We have all these point-to-point connections everywhere. And that's the reason why very few companies and government agencies have been truly able to collaborate and leverage their data. Now on the right hand side, you see this Web 3.0 architecture. And this decentralized architecture is designed to break down these data silos. And you see Hyperledger Fireflies, the center of it all, that's sort of connecting this whole ecosystem. And we're focused on four things primarily, which is trusting the untrusted. How do you allow interoperability between these systems that don't inherently trust each other? How do you get auditability and traceability? That's the huge aspect of blockchain and immutability aspect. How do you collaborate in real time with incentives, with aligned incentives for all the parties? And how do you do all of this at the speed of mission? That's what Web 3.0 truly enables. And so this is sort of what I think the building blocks of Web 3.0 is specifically in government. And these are layers that I've identified not necessarily something that you as a blockchain project need to have all the layers, but this is where you would have to start at some point. And now this could happen at the identity layer or the governance layer, but let me walk through these layers. So the identity layer, as you know, is this digital identity or decentralized identities for all humans, devices, assets, and it could eventually be AI agents as well, right? So this identity layer sort of is the first anchor point. Into your Web 3.0 journey. Now, the United States DHS and few others are looking at implementing identities and with zero knowledge and privacy aspects. And this is something that the government is actively seeking and we need solutions at this layer. And then from the identity layer, you move on to the access control layer. How do you put granular access controls on the identities itself? And then you move on to the immersive layer. Now, there's some people might call this the metaverse layer, but this is now the visualizations of all the data, whether that's your identities, who's accessing what. Once you have the immersive layer built in, the next layer is the incentive layer. And this is where you leverage the idea of tokenization, certification, NFTs, sort of aligning the incentives in the ecosystem. And the last, but the most challenging layer, in my opinion, is the governance layer. Now, this is the infrastructure layer where collectively communities are deciding what to upgrade in the ecosystem. Now, I include that as the last and the most challenging layer, but you sort of think about this, this is not a linear building block. This could almost be a circular layers of building block where each is building on top of the other. So with the building blocks, now let's talk about how we're leveraging Firefly for zero trust use cases. For some of you that don't know, there's an executive order by the president on improving the nation's cybersecurity. There's a, for the adoption of zero trust architecture, it's known as CTA. So all federal government agencies are mandated to move the government systems toward a zero trust architecture. So my team is leveraging Hyperledger Firefly to implement these zero trust principles for our federal clients. Now, let's talk about one of the first use cases that we're focused on, which is in defense. How do we transform the DOD supply chain with zero trust? The problem is there's a huge lack of trust as well as audit compliance within defense and DOD supply chain. The DOD has never passed an audit ever in its history. And it's not that there isn't data, the data is there, but how do we make the data auditable, trustable? So the question we like to ask is, can we bring this trust to DOD supply chain with Web3 technologies? I believe we can. And using things like Firefly, we can establish those trusted identities, trusted assets and transactions that will improve the traceability, the visibility and transparency into the DOD supply chain. Now, this could be a bit controversial, but I believe this will help the DOD better maintain and get transparency within their supply chain as well as help them pass audits using a Web3-based system to keep track of the supply chain. The second use case that I'm super excited about is in space. Now, there's a lot of push towards space startups, lots of folks are getting involved. And this is the new economy is being created. But the problem is, how do you trust what's coming from space? How do you trust space data? So one of the things we're looking at is tokenizing space data, whether that's images, assets, that's coming up from space. Tokenizing the data allows us to then trace what's really happening and trust that data. The other part of this is enabling democratization of liquidity into the space economy. So now imagine if we open up a ecosystem for the space economy that enables anybody in the world to invest in these space companies, invest in these space assets, that's where Web3 can really open up new opportunities. You get increased liquidity, accessibility, and transparency and trust. Now that there's of course challenges, how do you scale with limited computing and all that? But I believe we are at a point where we can address these challenges with these scalability solutions such as zero knowledge. But I believe there's a big opportunity to create the space economy with Web3. So the question, and I'm super proud of this, but can we create a zero trust economies in zero gravity environments? And this is to just feed your imaginations, right? What are the possibilities? And I think there's a massive opportunity at this intersection. And my team is doing some awesome things in this specific space around tokenizing space assets. The next one I'd like to talk about is the metaverse. So as you know with AR, VR, and you might have heard of digital twins, these assets that we're creating that replicate the real world could be very, very sensitive. So how do you maintain the security and the integrity of these metaverse objects and these digital twins in the metaverse? You might have seen certain platforms are already using blockchain based systems as the backend for their metaverse. So we're leveraging Hyperledger Firefly as that framework for creating, securing, tracking, and managing these metaverse assets with specific access controls. Now, the benefits we get is you get enhanced digital twin security, you get that provenance, you get that interoperability and compliance. And so when it comes to building very sensitive metaverse objects, the question becomes how do you then safeguard these sensitive metaverse assets from theft, from potential tampering, from potential unauthorized access? And so this is a big conversation because public blockchains don't necessarily have those access controls. So if you're creating these super sensitive metaverse assets, how do you then put access controls on it? So only specific individuals that have the right to see it and access it and see it, nobody else. And this is where we've done a lot of work with universities, specifically with George Mason University to build out what we call Beacon, blockchain-enabled access control leveraging Hyperledger Firefly to enable this capability. The next one I'd like to talk about is healthcare. Now we know healthcare is super outdated and it's super painful every time you go to a doctor's office, you sort of have to keep creating and submitting the same forms over and over again. And so if you switch hospitals, same issue occurs. You have to sort of transfer all that data to a new provider. And you have all these data silos that cause these issues and privacy concerns in healthcare. And I believe using Hyperledger Firefly, you can create secure and compliant data sharing platforms using these zero trust principles that would give you the patients or the physicians power, whether that's owning the power back for the patients to give access to the data to the doctor.  And this enables this accelerated medical research. That's the other aspect of this is, when the pandemic happened, COVID, how do we share data from across continents, across Europe, across the US, across Asia, collaborate to figure out what's really happening in the vaccine supply chain, in the medical research. And so Web 3 could really disrupt this healthcare space by accelerating the data sharing in a zero trusted way that would also enable privacy. And of course, you want to make sure that this all follows the regulations, whether that's GDPR or PII laws. And this is where not just the transparency, but the privacy aspects and the promises of things such as your knowledge proofs really shine. And last year we created a digital, we call it healthcare, a digital wallet with University of Tennessee that created a proof of concept to enable a digital wallet where you can store all your healthcare records, whether that's X-rays, your own yearly checkups. Imagine giving access to the doctors or the hospitals or somebody that needs to see that data for medical research. Imagine you being in control, right? That's the vision that Web 3 would allow specifically in healthcare. And I know that healthcare industry is one of the toughest industries to disrupt, but I think this is where all the citizens of the world can benefit and also scientific progress can happen at an accelerated rate. Now I saved the best for last. And this is around the topic of AI. As you know, AI is the biggest hype and the biggest buzzword right now. And everybody's talking about AI, but nobody is necessarily focused on responsible AI. And the biggest problem that I see right now is the lack of transparency within the AI systems, whether that's open AI, whether that's Google, whether that's unthropic, all their AI development right now is in a black box. And we're sort of trusting their processes and they're claiming that they've gone through audits, they're compliant, but how do we know that's true? How can we actually verify and validate that they do not have biases, right? And so this is one of the biggest problems that I see that Web 3 can actually fix. And I see this as one of the biggest use cases for blockchain systems, specifically public blockchains, but of course with privacy functionality. And I think Hypervisor, Firefly and just Web 3 in general can enable this transparency and accountability in AI. We can use not just for transparency, but other benefits such as protecting against bias. Is it being done ethically? We can potentially even rewind an AI's decision using that audit trail.  And I think that's a win for humanity. And so the question now becomes, how do we create these transparent, accountable, ethical AI systems for government use cases without stifling that innovation? And you might know these, the CEOs of these large companies are meeting with Congress and having these discussions, but most of these discussions are also happening behind closed doors. And so that's one of the problem is we need to get transparency into the development of these systems because if you watch the movie SkyNet, sorry, Terminator, SkyNet, that's where we might be headed. And a lot of folks such as Elon share that sentiment that if we do not put guardrails around AI development, we are going to go down a dark path. But the beauty is we have the technology. We have Web3 as even a concept that can solve these issues that we as citizens of the world need to come together and demand that transparency, demand that accountability within the development of these AI systems because you know, this is going to affect all of us. So with that, I would like to just summarize how Hyperledic Fireflies just enabled my team to focus truly on the business use cases. As you saw all the business use cases that I've talked about would have taken years to just build one of those. But with something like Firefly and the power of open source, it's truly enabled us to just focus on the use case and focus on the mission. Instead of focusing on building all the off chain plumbing, spending two years building all of these things and scratch, our team within a week has been able to create new use cases as we talk about identifying problems with our clients. We can create POCs and show that ROI within weeks. And so that's, technology has accelerated the adoption of everything. And now having something like Firefly will save any team, but specifically our team has saved, I would say thousands of development hours as well as resources and has accelerated our clients return on their investments. And so with that, I will, you know, invite everybody to join us in transforming the government's, you know, using progressive decentralization and Web3 technologies. And I'll yield back to Ika. Awesome, thank you so much, Shedman. Do you want to pause for Q and A on the slides now or do you want to jump over to the demo now and then do Q and A for everything at the end? We can pause and go into some Q and A. I think we have folks from all around the world. So let's see what we got. And maybe we'll cap it at the bottom of the hour. So that gives us, you know, roughly 10 minutes of Q and A and then we'll switch to the demo. Does that sound good? Sure. Okay, awesome. If folks have questions, you're welcome to drop them in the chat or you should have the ability to unmute and ask your question. If you just want to raise your hand, I'll try to call on you here as well. Shedman, how do you manage the user in zero trust? The question in the chat. Well, that's a great question. So there's a concept of, you know, admins, right? There's administrators everywhere that would, you know, in the Web 2 world sort of play that role as management of users and access control. And there's this notion of multi signatures within, you know, the Web 3 space. And so one of the, from our research with George Mason University when we created that beacon module, there was several approaches we took. One of the approaches was a multi-signature, almost a DAO-based administrating that would enable the users to be managed under that zero trust principle. Because, you know, at the end of the day, you don't want a single admin to have super user rights, right? So that's sort of a problem where, you know, you can do insider threat, insider attacks. You can pay a systems administrator to maybe delete a record or add a record. So having multiple checks, having multiple approvals and not necessarily having a sort of super user would be the way you manage that the users in your trust manner. I hope that answers the question. Awesome, thanks. Next we got, what VC types do you create for trust verification in zero trust use cases? Well, that's a great question. So VC types, they're talking about verifiable credentials, I believe, not venture capitalists, right? I think so, yeah. Yeah, so when it comes to verifiable credentials is, you know, there's this, you know, verifiable credential data model that's out there. And there are different implementations of this. And so when you read and look at the verifiable credential data model with the verifier, the holder, and then the issuer, you have different ways you can implement it. And so that truly depends on the use case. And there's actually been a program from CBP Customs and Border Protection within DHS to create a privacy preserving digital wallet that would enable the United States, anybody coming in and out of the country to sort of validate and verify your identity. And so this problem has not actually been figured out yet, but I believe things like zero knowledge would be critical in that verifiable credential architecture where you can, you know, hide the key details around, you know, your birth date, where you're coming from, but be able to mathematically prove that you are saying that the true information. So I think there's still a lot of R&D that needs to happen within the verifiable credential ecosystem specifically at the verifier layer. So if you're a verifier, how do you verify that the holder actually has that correct asset? So, you know, I don't have a clear answer to be honest, but there is, you know, R&D specifically at that intersection of verifiable credentials and zero trust and how to do it in a privacy preserving way. So if you're focusing on that problem, I think that is a great problem to focus on. Awesome, thanks. Just a couple of other questions here. Is the idea to use an ecosystem or open platform in both sides? And how can blockchain, oops, sorry, the chat's moving. How with blockchain can developers build on this? I'll actually take a quick stab at answering this question and then happy to let you add any detail to it. But the idea with Firefly is it's both. It can be both. You can have, and it allows you to build applications and networks that span both private what we call multi-party networks that maybe have very sensitive data in them. And you wanna run at high transaction throughput, high speed, zero gas cost within a private chain. But you may also need to at the same time connect to a public chain to provide that transparency or that trust to the rest of the world. And Firefly allows you to connect to both types of networks at the same time. And so we've seen some really interesting flows where you can be performing your business transactions within a private chain at high speed and at high throughput with zero fees so that you can control costs. And then pin data that's happening on that private chain to the public chain or rolling up data. And there's lots of different strategies there about how do I push data in a way that still preserves the privacy of the original data in my private network but puts proof of something that happened in that network on a public chain that anyone could verify. And so Firefly can enable these types of use cases really well. Shadmin, I don't know if you have anything that you wanted to add to that. The only thing I wanted to add there, I mean, you hit it on the nail. Only thing I wanted to add there was the fact that I see this whole space as a spectrum when we say decentralization with public and private. The goal is you can start up private and work with customers that aren't comfortable with putting all their data on the public chain. But the goal is to progressively decentralize and have that ecosystem where private, permissioned, public and all sort of work together in one ecosystem. And Firefly is a great connector for that. Awesome. We've got a few more questions here in the chat. Just wanna be cognizant of time and we'll probably take one more question. Shadmin, I don't know if you wanna, if you're keeping an eye on the chat here if there's one of these that you wanna take before we switch over to the demo. Well, somebody's asking I see about the healthcare wallet. It's still in the testing phase. So it's not out for release to be used by a patient, but also healthcare is one of the slowest changing industries. So that's going to be an uphill battle. I don't think it will be ready anytime soon. Let's see. In terms of viewing the data house, is it ZK based? Yes, the healthcare aspect, I think zero knowledge is going to play a big role and not just ZK, I think other privacy preserving mechanisms you might have heard of homomorphic encryption, potentially things like trusted execution environments. So I think it's not just zero knowledge, but it's going to be a combination of these privacy preserving techniques that they're out there that will address that issue around recovery, compromise keys. I think that specific aspect, if you look at MPC and multi-party computation, I think, Nico, feel free to add in here, but Firefly is a great multi-party computation platform that will also enable you to address those concerns. Yeah, absolutely. Just one other quick question here. Somebody asked, how can we collaborate? I'll just drop a quick link here to the Hyperledger Discord server, and you can find the Firefly community and there's a Firefly channel there. I'm in there every day and as well as the other Firefly maintainers. If there's something here that you're like, hey, that sounds really exciting and I want to have a conversation after this with someone to continue the conversation. That's a great place to get plugged in to chat with us in real time, ask questions. If you see the demo today here that I'm about to do and you want to go try it out and you need help walking through it, feel free to find me there, but that's a great place to get plugged in with the broader Firefly community. All right, with that, just due to time, I'm going to switch over and we're going to do some hands-on demo now. And I just loved all the different use cases that Shadmin walked through and some of the really exciting things that can be done with Web3 and how Firefly is enabling those use cases for his team at CGI Federal. And so what I'd love to do is just walk through now how easy it is to get started with Firefly and I'm not going to build out an entire use case that Shadmin has described but hopefully just give you the taste for like this is how easy it is to track something in Firefly to tokenize an asset and to track that through the system and to exchange data and sort of give you a feel for like this is how the building blocks of the system work. And then hopefully from there your creativity can take over and you can imagine how to build the rest of your use case using Firefly. So I'm going to go ahead and share my screen and what I have done in the background is I've just gone through the getting started guide of Firefly. So I've gone through getting started and I've set up the Firefly CLI on my machine and I've started up an environment and so I have two Firefly nodes running on my machine and I just did that ahead of time to save some time. So if we go look over here at, I take that back. I actually haven't started it. So I'll start that up while I talk here. So that's going to start and while that's starting up I'm going to briefly talk about the demo that we're going to walk through. So I have open in VS code and if you're not a coder, that's okay. Bear with me. My goal is to show very little code and that the point of this demo is to show how much you can do with Firefly with very little code. This is one of the things that Shadman was talking about how many thousands of hours of development time that Firefly has saved his team. So today I want to show you one of the samples from the Firefly samples repo and if we go into this directory here, fungible to non-fungible. We just have a little demo. It's a very simple TypeScript app. I was originally demoed with a polygon testnet on a public network. Today I'm just going to be running everything locally though because that's a little bit more streamlined but the gist of it is the same. So you can ignore the fact that this is polygon but essentially what we're going to do is we're going to deploy two separate token contracts to the chain. We're going to have Firefly running here and then we're going to have our sample app running over here. This is the sample TypeScript code that I'm about to show. And what's going to happen is we're going to subscribe to events from both of these contracts. And when someone transfers some ERC-20 tokens, this is a fungible token. So you can think of this as like coins or maybe credits within this network that we're building. We're going to mint an NFT and send that back to whoever sent us the ERC-20 tokens. So you can imagine this use case is like, maybe this is a data marketplace and you have an ERC-20 contract that tracks maybe your credits that you have earned in the marketplace or in this ecosystem of organizations that are working together and the ERC-721, the NFT represents your ownership of some sort of asset or something that you have earned. Maybe it's a badge, maybe it's the rights to a certain data set within the network. The token can represent whatever you need it to in your particular use case and it can point to whatever off-chain data you need it to point to. So the goal here is to demonstrate the mechanics of like, this is how we can swap from a fungible token to a non-fungible token and perform that exchange. So the app is going to be listening to events that are emitted from Firefly and then when certain conditions are met it will tell Firefly, okay, great, go mint this token, send it back to them. I'm gonna demonstrate this with both sending and receiving the tokens from Firefly and I'm not gonna use a mobile app but I will use a separate wallet app as well and we'll come back to this picture in just a little bit as we go along to help people track where we're at. Okay, so in the background, while I've been talking that our Firefly nodes have started up here and I can open up the Explorer here for this Firefly node. So I've gone ahead and just for clarity I have, sorry, I'm gonna try to move this little zoom window out of my way here so I can click on things. I've named my organizations in the network, I've named them Alpha and Bravo. So this is the Alpha node and if I go over here this is the Bravo node and each one belongs to a different organization we have with Alpha Corp and Bravo Inc are the two organizations in our network here. So we can see those in the network map here just to be able to see on the dashboard which Firefly organization we're looking at. Okay, so we've got that running, that's great.  Here's what's gonna happen. So like I said, my goal is to show very little code. So this is one file, this is TypeScript and we're just gonna be using the Firefly SDK here. When our app starts up, it's going to create a subscription and we're gonna filter on token transfer confirmed events. In Firefly there's lots of different types of events that you can subscribe to depending on what your application needs and you can get pretty granular with filtering those down to just the very specific things you need and to optimize your app. But right now we're just gonna be looking at token transfer confirms and then we're gonna tell Firefly to start listening, sorry, the Firefly SDK to start listening for events. And we just have a really simple event handler function here. So basically we're looking for, is this a transfer to our fungible pool? And if it is, then was it, was the amount sent with basically we were defined over here in our constants and NFT costs 10 tokens. So if you send 10 ERC 20 tokens, we're gonna mint you an NFT, okay? So that's what that math is doing here. We're gonna log that, we received however many tokens were received from the address that sent it. And then if the amount is greater than or equal to the cost, then we'll tell Firefly mint a token and we'll mint one in the non fungible pool and we'll send it to the purchaser. And then we'll log that we minted it. And then the app will just close when we hit control C, that's all this code does. So that's it, that's the whole app. So this is a, how to bridge ERC 20 to ERC 721 and 65 lines of code. Obviously for production use case, there's a lot more things that you would wanna check and a lot more that you would wanna put in to make it robust, but like this is the kernel of the functionality here. And this is what I wanted to show today. Okay, so to set this up, we just need to grab a few of these environment variables here. So what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go back to when I ran everything, it also gave me this URL to the Firefly Sandbox. Firefly Sandbox, if you haven't seen it before is a great little tool to kind of try out Firefly rather than making HTTP requests manually with something like Postman or something like that. You can actually try various Firefly functions right here in the web UI in the Sandbox. So I'm gonna actually create my two contracts here. I'm gonna create a, we'll call this one credits and we'll just make the symbol cred and I'm gonna hit run. This is actually gonna deploy in ERC 20 using a factory contract that was set up automatically by the Firefly CLI. And then I'm gonna create one called assets and this is gonna be a non-fungible token here. Okay, great. So those are both created. I just need to grab the token pool IDs for these so I can look in this thing right here. And then if I go back and read the readme for this code that I'm running, it will tell us that we need to set some environment variables. So I'm just gonna set those real quick. Set our fungible pool ID and I'm gonna do this in my VS code window here. I'm gonna go through this quick. This is being recorded. So if you wanna go back and try this yourself later you'll have the recording to reference but sorry, sandbox, here we go. Okay, so this is our fungible pool ID. Put that in my environment variables here and then export the non-fungible pool ID and set this one to this one right here. Okay, and the last thing we need to do is tell the sample app what our Firefly address is what the wallet is that it's using. There's a couple ways you can get that. You can look in the Firefly Explorer you can go down to network organizations and you can see, so we're looking at this is the Bravo org here. Let's look at the Alpha org because that's the one that we just that's the one that we just deployed the contracts with so we're gonna do that one. So if we look in network organizations Alpha corp is here's the Ethereum address under the verifiers here that Alpha corp will use when it signs transactions. So we're gonna tell there's one more environment variable that we need to export that is Firefly address and that just tells our sample app what address it should be looking for transfers to. Okay, so that should be it. If you've just cloned this you'll also need to run NPM install. I've already done that. So I should be able to run NPM start now and this will start up. Okay, it's running says Firefly WebSocket connected. And so the app is just listening now. Okay, that's great. So now what we need to do is we're gonna go mint some tokens. We're gonna give the, we're gonna give Bravo, Inc a set of credits within our network. And then Bravo, Inc will be able to exchange some of those credits for an NFT. Okay, so to do that I'm gonna show you a slightly different interface now. So instead of going to slash UI I go to slash API I can see the Swagger API for this is for my so this is I'm using Firefly the Firefly Alpha node here the Alpha corp organization. And I'm gonna scroll down to the tokens endpoints and I'm gonna do a token mint. And so I'm gonna mint some tokens directly to Bravo and give them some credits. So I'm gonna set the amount here to I'm gonna give them a hundred. This particular contract has 18 decimal places. So okay, 18 zeros after that if you're familiar with how Ethereum works you'll know why I did that. There's no floating point math in Ethereum is the short version of that. Okay, I'm gonna take a couple of these extra with some of these fields we don't need they're optional. So I'm just gonna take those out and for if this were a non-fungible we would add the token index and URI but it's not so we don't need that. Okay, so here we need to tell it what token pool we need to mint these in. And this is gonna be in our fungible pool for ERC 20, I'm gonna copy this ID here. And then we have to tell it who we're sending this to. And so for that, I'm gonna go get the... I'm gonna go back and look at my organizations and grab Bravo's Ethereum address. So we didn't copy that earlier. Okay, and I'll put that in the two field. Okay, so we're gonna mint. This is a hundred followed by 18 zeros in the ERC 20 pool and we're sending it to Bravo. We're gonna run this. Okay, it was accepted. So a token transfer. And let's go check our Firefly Explorer now and see if we can see that in there. Indeed, we see a token transfer that was confirmed. And if we go look at our tokens tab I didn't show you this earlier but we've got our two token pools here. We can see those here. So here's our credits and our assets. If we go into this one, credits, we can see that there was a mint of a hundred. And it was from the zero X address. That means it was a mint that these were new tokens that just came into existence and we sent it to Bravo Inc over here. Okay, so Bravo has some credits now in our ecosystem that they can do something with. That's great. What we're gonna do is I'm gonna open up Bravo's API and I'm gonna transfer some of those back. Actually, I can do this even quicker from Bravo's sandbox.  So I have some credits here. I'm gonna send, I'm gonna send 10 because that was what we set the cost of the NFT to be. And I'm gonna set the recipient to AlphaCorp. So we minted a hundred to Bravo and now we're gonna send 10 back to buy this NFT. And let's just take a peek over here. So haven't logged anything in our app yet. Firefly WebSocket is connected. So our app is listening. And when we run this, we should see over here, we received 10 from this is Bravo Inc's address and minted an NFT to Bravo Inc. Okay, cool. The app saw that and it did the NFT mint there. Now we should be able to go back and look at our asset token pool. And now we can see that mint right there. So now we have one asset that we've created. It was just purchased by Bravo and this was token index one. And we can see that it was, this was the signing key that created it. This was AlphaCorp and sent it to Bravo Inc right here. So that's pretty cool. And this is demonstrating two different Firefly nodes that are sort of working together. However, like one of the questions that was asked earlier and one of the use cases that Shadman brought up was integration, like one of the really cool things about blockchain is interoperability and it's decentralization. So to interact with these contracts doesn't require that every end user actually be using Firefly. So as a developer, I can build, I can write my smart contract, I can deploy it and I can build an app that uses Firefly as my platform to build all my web three infrastructure. And then other people can interact with my smart contract on a public chain or in a private consortium chain if they need to. And my app can still see all those transactions because they're on the blockchain and Firefly is listening to that chain. So what I'm gonna do now is I'm gonna, I have my MetaMask wallet over here as well. And before the demo started, I've gone ahead and I've connected my MetaMask wallet to the local chain that I'm using on my machine right now for this demo. You can connect MetaMask to a variety of chains. There is a tutorial in the docs on how to do that specifically for the sake of time don't have time to show you how to configure that but there is a page in the docs that goes over that. So what I'm gonna do now is I'm gonna copy my MetaMask address and I'm gonna do the same thing that I did earlier. I'm gonna go back to the Swagger UI here. And now I'm gonna send, instead of sending it to the other Firefly node, I'm gonna send a hundred tokens to my MetaMask wallet. Now MetaMask when it's running against a local chain it doesn't have contract discovery enabled. That's one of the features that it relies on some other infrastructure for on public chains. So we have to tell MetaMask, hey, there's this contract address out here that I want you to pay attention to. We can find that by looking in our token pools page under the credits pool. And we can see our contract address is right here under the pool info. So I'm gonna copy that and then I'm gonna go tell MetaMask to import a token and I'm just gonna paste the address in and it automatically discovers on the chain. Oh, this is the credit token and it has 18 decimal places. So we'll import it here. Okay. Oh, and it sees already that I have a hundred of them. That's cool. So now I should be able to using MetaMask. I said that we were gonna refer back to our picture. Let's go back and look at this picture. So up until now we've just been working with sample app and Firefly nodes. Now we're gonna introduce a completely third party wallet. It's not running on a mobile phone right now, but for the sake of the argument, it could very well be. It's just another wallet app that's connected to the same chain. Now this wallet app has a hundred credits and it's going to transfer a hundred of those credits to my Firefly address. And then the app will mint a NFT to that MetaMask wallet. I don't have a fancy picture set up to see it in MetaMask, but we'll be able to see that it shows up there still. Okay, so what I'm gonna do now is I'm gonna hit send and I need the address of Alpha Inc. So I'm gonna go back to my organizations tab here. Sorry, Alpha Corp, what I called it. Copy that. And I'm gonna send 10 credits. The limit on the gas here, gas is free on this chain. So I'm gonna set the price to zero and just put in a big limit. It doesn't need to be that high, just to get MetaMask to submit the transaction. So I have a hundred, I'm sending 10 because it's a private chain running on my machine, gas is free, I'm gonna hit next. There's no conversion rate, yeah, that's fine. And I'm gonna confirm the transaction and it's currently pending. This one from yesterday was me testing this. So don't worry about that. And let's go back here to our app and hasn't seen it yet. This did work yesterday, I tested it. Let's, come on MetaMask. I don't think so speeding it up would add more gas but I don't think that is the issue. We can try it. I don't think that's gonna do anything though. I suspect me resetting the chain before the demo has confused MetaMask because it was previously connected to the chain and it doesn't realize that it's a brand new chain. So unfortunately this last step of the demo doesn't quite transfer but I can assure you that it does when MetaMask is working right, it, our app sees the transaction here and will also mint an NFT back to MetaMask. Unfortunately that it's not gonna go through at this time but it's just a cool visual example of like how you can work with both transactions within a Firefly network and transferring these things between different organizations that are using Firefly and the third party. So we were able to see that. We were able to see in our MetaMask wallet that we were able to mint tokens and send them to the MetaMask wallet. There's just currently an issue with this wallet submitting transfers itself but we can see that interoperability working there. So that's, that is what I wanted to demo today. Thank you very much for watching and hopefully you're able to kind of follow along. I know it was moving through that really quickly. Again, this is being recorded and the source code for this is available on GitHub. This is in the Firefly samples repo. It's at github.com slash hyperledger slash Firefly samples. And again, this is the fungible to non-fungible token sample here. And so you're welcome to run this on your own machine if you'd like and go back and watch this video as a walkthrough on how to set everything up and the docs should provide pages on how to set everything up on your machine if you're curious and wanna try this yourself. But that's what I wanted to walk through as the demo today. So thank you very much. And we've got a few minutes left and I'll save the rest of the time for a bit of Q and A here at the end. Well, I'm gonna catch up on this. You got some good questions around Firefly if it's built on multiple blockchains or not. Awesome. And apparently I named the pool name assert that maybe my love of unit tests is leaking through there a little bit or maybe I'm just bad at typing in real time. Sorry about that. Is this polygon edge? No, so this specific, what I'd showed today was actually a local private chain running on my own machine.  Sorry, I skipped over that detail, but it certainly can work with polygon edge. It can work with any Firefly works today with any EVM compatible chain through the EVM connect blockchain connector. It also works with hyperledger fabric. It works and that there's a brand new Tezos blockchain connector as well, which is still it's functional and it's deployed in some production use cases, but there are still some features that need to get implemented on that one. So does Firefly work with multiple blockchains? Absolutely. So the way Firefly works with multiple blockchains is in Firefly, we have this concept of a namespace and there's a great page in the docs that talks about namespaces, how they work, how to configure them and that sort of thing, but each Firefly namespace can use a different blockchain plugin and connect to a different blockchain and you could build apps that work across namespaces. So you might have one namespace set up to be your private multi-party consortium network and you might have another namespace set up to be your, a Web3 gateway to a public chain and you might have an app that's performing transactions on both of those. Okay, let me just scan through the rest of the questions here. Will Firefly support? Yeah, be 437 account wallet services at some point versus while it's like minimask. Potentially, it's a great question. Let's take that one offline. That would be great to talk through a non creds framework. Fabric work with Firefly, I personally don't, I'm actually not familiar with the non creds framework. So off the top of my head, I'm not sure how that would work, it may, but would love to chat about that one too. Thanks, Jim. Great questions. Sorry, I don't have an answer off the top of my head on those. Is there any drawbacks to just monitoring events on a token contract without creating a token pool? There are a couple of cool features that Firefly enables that you don't get. So it's a great question. So there's two ways you can work with custom contracts in Firefly. One is the, there's sort of a more bare bones, custom contract API and it lets you run, invoke any function on your contract. It lets you listen and subscribe to any event from your contract and you can work with a token contract that way. If sometimes actually with a complex contract, these are really simple token contracts. But if I had custom functions that I had added on top of what's defined in like ERC 20 or 721, I might actually do both. I might create an API for it and invoke my very custom functions in my contract. But the things that I'll just share my screen real quick one more time. The things that using the tokens APIs through Firefly gives you are automatic indexing of the token contract and tracking balances. So if we go in here to the credits, we can see the accounts in the pool and who has Firefly actually tracks the balances. So as tokens are being transferred back and forth, we can see them updated in real time. This is one major feature that you get with using Firefly's token connectors and the tokens APIs above just subscribing directly to the transfer events from your application itself. So hopefully that answers that question there. All right, we're at the top of the hour. I've got maybe time for one more question though. And yeah, great questions, great engagement. Thank you everybody. Okay, well, if that's it for questions, then I think we can wrap it up. Thank you everyone so much for coming. Shadman, thank you especially for just a really great presentation and just super excited to see all the cool use cases that are being enabled by Firefly and accelerated by Firefly in your business. So thank you so much for coming and presenting today. It was great to have you. Yeah, thank you for having me. All right, well, thanks everybody. We're gonna go ahead and wrap it up here. If you weren't able to catch all of it, this is being live streamed on YouTube and you can find that in the Hyperledger YouTube channel and it will be preserved there as well. So if you wanna go back and watch the recording later. And so thanks again for coming out and we're gonna wrap it up. Thank you so much. Have a great rest of your day. Bye everybody.