I will talk about should hopefully be recap of some portion of 2 20. It is basically about pipeline, it is basics of pipeline. And keep in mind that essentially we are trying to implement the instruction set that we discussed and we will be focusing mostly on bits. So, we start with a very simple operation or rather a function which is a cubing function. So, we have to compute x cube given x. So, try to see how we can implement such a function. So, we can write f x as m of n, where m of x y is x times 1. That is your cubing. So, this decomposition of f allows us to implement f with 2 c del e connected multipliers. So, this is how it looks like. So, first we apply m and the output of it we apply m a. So, this is clear and suppose the multiplier latency is m nanosecond. Then the question arises how frequently can I input can a new input be sent to this hardware, how frequently should the output be sampled. So, keep in mind that this is a purely combinational circuit. There is no clock nothing, you give x after sometime comes out f x. However, it is very important to realize that in real world there is nothing that is purely combinational. Because a hardware that is useful will be used repeatedly. It will be reused and that essentially means that I give an input I get an output f x. I will probably give it one more input get one more output f x give one more input give one more output f x and immediately when you start doing that these two questions become very relevant. But how fast can I reuse this machine reuse this particular piece of hardware. I give x can I give the next x in one microsecond time. So, that is a very useful question and. So, in this case what is the answer to this 2 n right. So, I give x output comes out after 2 m nanosecond and without any difficulty I should be able to give one more x once the previous x has already been computed. So, in this case I should be providing inputs at a rate slower than or equal to 2 m nanosecond. It is 1 for 2 m nanosecond and I should be finding my output also at the same rate. So, what happens if I if I provide input at a faster rate. So, suppose I give x and after less than 2 m nanosecond I provide the second x what will happen what do you think what is the incorrect result. So, what will be the result will it be something wrong. So, there is no register here. So, this is a multiplier it takes x gives me x square and it takes x square and x gives me s cube. So, I give x and within less than 2 m nanosecond I give the second x what will happen in the computation what do you expect to see here. What do you see here is it there is nothing already right. So, what what value am I going to get here now I am saying I give x and before I reach 2 m nanosecond before that I give the second x what will happen here what value am I going to get. So, it depends on when I sample here right and how exactly how fast what the paths are through this hardware. How fast this this particular line is going to be affected by this new report. So, to be safe we have to obey this particular law that for this particular circuit I should not be providing inputs at a rate faster than 1 over 2 m nanosecond and I should be sampling my output at the same rate. So, that so the take a point here I am trying to say is that there is nothing that is purely combinational in real world there is nothing like that there has to be a sampling rate somewhere where you provide inputs you will sample outputs. So, this is what it looks like these are some funny structures, but very important what are they called flip flops that is one way to realize this these are usually called latches often they will be called pipeline resistance. So, I will be using all these synonyms in this course. So, the function of this is that very interesting for this signal is present it will take the value here and transfer the value to the output after some delay. So, that is what it does. So, and in this particular course we will be using one particular type of these that is we will assume that the signal given here in the square wave square wave signal and this one is going to transfer the input to the output only either on a rising edge or on a falling edge that is called an edge triggered latch whenever the clock. So, this is called a clock whenever the clock it strikes it will take this input value here after a small delay that will appear here and we will also distinguish between positive edge triggered latches and negative edge triggered latches. So, the ones that operate on the positive edge. So, these are the positive edges these are the negative edges. So, this is my cubing combinational cubing circuit I will continue to call it combinational even though I have two latches separating these combinational circuit from the environment. So, environment is providing me x I am giving of f x to the environment and I am doing that in a combinational fashion frequencies 0.5 over m v guards that is 1 over 2 m throughput is 1 output every 2 m nanosecond any questions so far. So, one obvious observation that we can make here is exactly one multiplier is active at any point in time I give an input this one computes the square then this goes idle this one computes the cube and then when this one computes the square this means idle. So, why not use just one multiplier obvious question. So, if we want to do that we will require some sequencing logic and offer slightly more throughput at almost half area cost. So, let us see what that means. So, conceptually what we really want to do is we will first use this multiplier to compute the square and we have to remember the output of that and feed it back to this that is what we roughly want to do. So, first I am showing it here in a conceptual fashion that is by unfolding the whole thing. So, we still have two multipliers, but I have introduced this now in the middle. So, that is a pair of latches latching x and latching x square and this one has to be operated faster because this one has to be operated at 1 over m v guards because this one gets ready in m nanosecond. So, I must take a clock and latch it so that in the next m nanosecond this guy can work. So, the frequency seen by the environment is still 0.5 over m nerds. So, output is one output every 12 nanosecond. In reality throughput will be actually slightly worse. Why is that? Well, we have not gone there. I am just talking about this one now. We have a latching between, but I still have two multipliers. So, in the next slide I am going to fold them actually, but about this I am just talking about this one now. Why is it worse? Exactly. So, there will be some delay going through these propagation delay of these. So, what will happen is that at every m nanosecond this clock is going to strike. So, on the rising edge I will take whatever value is here, but after only some delay this value will be at here here. So, that delay will take you to get out when that will be possible. You can see all this stuff. Is there a theory of meaning? Have you introduced hardware? It is not coming for free. You are losing time there. So, here still we waste half the work unless each multiplier is gated in alternate internal cycles. So, that is one option. I can say that well at every internal every alternate internal cycle I will disable this multiplier if there is some way of doing that. So, then essentially that will go to sleep. I will not waste any energy or power which is that multiplier. So, of course, the obvious solution is to fold them together. So, let us see what that looks like. So, the circuit gets slightly more complicated. So, let us see why that is so. So, essentially I have brought this multiplier and put it on that. So, the latch remains unchanged here. The only problem now is you have to resolve for the second input is going to be to this multiplier. One input was x of course. So, if you look at the second multiplier it was still taking x as one input for the other input was x square. And if you look at this multiplier both the inputs are x. So, when you bring this here you have to now resolve the input So, let us see how to do that. We put a multiplexer here. So, one input is x all the time. The other input switches between x square and x and this is a toggle latch which will keep on toggling at every side 0 1 0 1. So, whenever this goes 0 it will pick up x whenever this goes 1 it will pick up x 1. So, that is the sequence in large in a toggle latch. So, otherwise everything else remains unchanged. The only thing that we have done here is that we have added some more latency in the circuit. So, it is going to be even worse than a previous one. You have this latch now and you have this multiplier now in a critical latch. This toggle latch is not exactly in a critical latch, but this multiplier will be seen in a critical part of the combination. Unless because the second input has to go to the multiplier before getting there multiplexer. So, this is a multi-cycle design that is what and the reason is obvious that I have a faster clock 1 over in the universe, but I take multiple cycle of that clock to compute this output. However, if you look at the environment, the environment still sees the same sampling rate. It does not improve because of course, it should not improve. We have not done anything smart here. We have just folded one multiplier of the other. We are just using that multiplier twice. So, the environment still sees the same sampling rate. The overall throughput will be worse than 2 m because now the critical path involves this multiplexer and this latch. So, multi-cycle design makes sense only if there is a chance of reusing hardware. So, that we can save it. Otherwise, there is a point doing a multi-cycle design. Here, we could actually use one multiplier. That is why we did a multi-cycle design. So, multi-cycle design will actually go through the multiple times before providing the object. Otherwise, we will lose in throughput. As you can see here, we will lose in throughput and increase area compared to a combinational design. So, now, if you go back to the one that we started with this one, this one still gives you the best throughput actually out of all these three options that we have evaluated till now. This will be very close to 2 m. And what I have done gradually is that I have reduced area, but I have increased my throughput. I have increased my latency to result. So, that is exactly the point I am trying to make here that you should be doing such an optimization only if there is a chance of winning in some department. In this case, we will lose in terms of area of the circuit, but we are losing in throughput compared to the combinational design. So, as a different example, suppose fx is this, g of x times x. And let's suppose latency of g is g. So, before we move on to look at this particular function, any question of this? Is it clear? So, you are saying that this toggle latch and the multiplexer is a control. So, then the entire circuit is part of functional unit or there is a control. Well, then you can make a logical division, but that is an abstraction. In reality, things will be all together sitting side by side depending on. So, the one primary optimization goal will be to minimize the wear length, because we talked about in the first lecture that wear is so slow. Communication is slow. So, where exactly this will sit, this is still very high level. In the float plan, this may go somewhere else. Any other question on this? Is multi cycle design of the Turing function? Is it clear to you? So, let's take this one now. This is slightly different. The difference comes in the fact that it doesn't really use a multiplier second time. It invokes a different function g second time after using the multiplier. So, this is my combinational design. My environment has to be simple at the rate of 1 over m plus g. It should not be faster than this separate. And throughput is going to be 1 output every m plus g nanosecond. So, now if I ask you, should I go for a multi cycle design with this? What do you think? This is what it looks like. I have an internal clock. I have an external clock and internally I essentially latch this. Of course, I cannot fold it onto this because these two are different. So, this is all I can get. So, now the question is what do I gain by doing this? Clearly I don't gain anything in terms of area. I actually lose in terms of area because I have an external latch here. Do I gain in terms of throughput? So, how do you resolve these two question marks here? What are these three questions? Start with the internal clock. How fast should I clock this one? What are the options we have?  Any other option? So, he says m plus g. Both places m plus g? Yes. Are you sure? But with some shift, the second clock will be with some initial shift. Initial shift? Yes, it will be there. Sorry, what? For the first loop, my starting point will be slightly shifted from the first loop. Why is that needed? Because the second clock m plus g cycle is different from the first loop m plus g. That is ok. So, you are worried about the fact that the first output may be guarded. But, forget about that. A plus g? Yes. Is that good to think? Why is it m plus g this one? What is the reason? So, if you go back to the previous one, internal clock was 1 over m here. It was not 1 over 2 m. And this is correct, right? Is everybody convinced or are you just believing what I was saying? You can argue that that this is correct. It is going to produce connected out. So, yes, I could do 1 over 2 m. That would still be correct. But, then it will slow down your economy. So, what should I do here? What is the correct thing to do? What is the fastest clock that I can feed here? What about m? Why? Because the output of the m part will be available after 1 second. Is that enough? Whichever is the slower one? Yes. So, this is going to be 1 over max of n comma g. Whichever is the slower one. We have to make sure that when I sample the output of this one here, this is better to be free. We should not be working on something. Otherwise, I will mess up that whatever computation is going to be. Is this better everybody? The slower one. What about this one?  Are you sure? I sample it at 1 over max m comma g. Am I going to get an output by m plus g? How long it is going to take? Next class m. See, once you realize that these two clocks are actually tied together. They depend on each other. You cannot decide them independently. You can cancel immediately. When you say this is 1 over max m comma g, how fast can you swap the input of max? Louder. Max plus g. Does anybody see problem with max plus g? 1 over twice of max. What is the problem with this solution? Max plus g. Exactly. There is a chance of overwriting the computation actually. This one actually has to be 1 over twice max m plus g, m comma g. This is what it looks like. What have we gained by doing this? There is a lot of wasted work and energy. Because half the time, only one unit is working. No improvement at all over combinational design. In fact, it is worse in all departments. Look at the throughput. It is going to be worse.  Bigger than equal to m plus g. Area, we are worse. We have added latches. And energy, they are probably going to be worse because of the energy consumed by the latch. Yes, but I cannot get the latch. The latch has to be working. So, this is a typical scenario where you should not be going to a multi-cycle design. Whatever may be the case. Now, moving on to pipeline. That is the next enhancement. Multi-cycle design gave you age in terms of median, but you lost in terms of throughput. Now, if you pipeline it, of course, we will actually put the multiplier back. We need two multipliers. Because this is going to be one stage of the pipeline. This is going to be the second stage of the pipeline. Now, we actually see the environmental improvement. That is the final goal. I want the environment to see the improvement. This is the only case when you actually start seeing the environment improving. So, now I can actually sample the input and output at a much faster rate. That is 1 over n. Because what I can do is that I take the input, feed this multiplier, while this multiplier is working on the previous input. And throughput is one output every n nanosecond. In reality, again, the throughput will be slightly worse because of this latch delay. So, the fundamental requirement of pipelining is that you should be able to decompose a function to be computed into a series of functions. So, in other words, you should be able to express fx as such a series sequence of functions. So, in one stage, I will do fkx. In the next stage, I will do fk of k minus 1 of that. Ideally, you want to expect a k times faster clock and k times higher clock. Is it clear? The basic of pipelining. That is how you should start. You can pipeline any computation. But the computation should be able to be broken down into such a form. Question? Yes. Sir, the previous slide is going to be discussed in the M and G group. So, combination circuit output remains the… Suppose that G is greater than n. And so, we are talking at 1 upon G. So, the M, the multiplier latency is M cyclopsychological. So, the output will be… The combination of circuit for M will keep on outputting the same… Yes, it will be. Yes, it will keep on computing the same thing. So, as long as you sample at 1 over 2G, you are still going to collect this. Anything else you do will make it incorrect. Pipelining. So, going back to the other one. How do you pipeline this one? So, here this is how you pipeline this computation. And your environment will also see the improvement immediately. It will be 1 over max in combination circuit. So, that is a definite improvement over combination circuit, which you are seeing a throughput of M plus… Mass M comma G is going to be less than equal to M plus G. So, frequency is 1 over max M comma G here. So, throughput is 1 output every max M comma G nanosecond. And again, in reality throughput will be slightly worse, but still better than the combinational implementation. That is the whole point. So, pipelining, if done well, should always bring benefit over combinational implementation in terms of throughput. We are not commenting anything on area because in most cases, we will actually end up increasing the area because we have to introduce latches.  Imagine feeding a series of inputs X to a k-stage pipelining implementation of some computation Fx. So, usually you want to expect the computation on two inputs to be independent of each other. We feed X1, the pipeline X of X1 completes Fx1. And next I give X2, pipeline X2 and so on. So, usually you want to expect that the computation of two inputs would be independent of each other. This is true for some class of functions which are called stateless or memoryless. That is, when you are computing F of X1, whatever states you produce, you forget them. And that does not influence your computation of F of X2. So, these are called stateless or memoryless functions. Consider the following function with a global state R. So, now we will start talking about functions which are state-holding. And let us see how pipeline gets complicated when you bring in such states. So, here is a function definition. Fx returns Y and what does Fx do? If R equal to 0, so there is a global state R. If R is 0, then it computes Y equal to X cube. Else, it computes Y equal to 3X. It either multiplies these three values or adds three values. And finally, updates R equal to Y mod 3. So, now what do you think? I feed X1. What I do for X2 is not really known until I finish computing F of X1. So, how to pipeline this function? So, we will assume that we have two multipliers and two adders. Computation of one input depends on the previous one. That is pretty obvious, right? Because the value of R is going to change. So, these are called pipeline hazards. That is now the two inputs cannot be computed independently. And cannot compute a particular value ignoring the history of the pipeline. That is impossible. So, let us see how to pipeline this one. So, first we will start as usual with a combinational representation of F. So, this one computes X square. This one computes 2X. This one computes X cube. This one computes 3X. Then I take R, feed it to a multiplexer. Select based on R, which one I should do. And then apply this one to a mod 3 block to update R. And this one is my output Y. Clear to everybody? So, what is the latency of this? This latency is going to be 2 of twice max M comma A. So, these two are going to be concurrent. Plus the multiplexer latency. Plus the modular latency. Now, there is a question here. Should I include this one to my latency or not? Because my output is actually ready at this point. This is why the environment gets marked. What do you think? Should the modular class be inside my latency or not? And the latency will decide at what rate my input and output will be sampled actually. It should be. It should be why? It depends on R. Okay. R is delayed. It might be calculated. Exactly right. Well, but remember that I am using R much later. Because my modular function may be so slow, if the next input comes in, finishes computation and at the multiplexer, I haven't yet updated R. That may be possible actually. So, it is always safe to include this in my latency. So, it determines the throughput and IO sampling rate. So, as you can see here, there is a lot of wasted work. Because, you know, I will be either taking this one or taking this one, right? But I am computing both. But I have done it in this way because it is somewhat easy to pipeline. Otherwise, what you could do is, you could get M or A based on the value of R. That is, disable whichever path you want to disable. And you could move the multiplexer to front. Okay. And you select which path to take. All right. But that becomes very, very difficult to pipeline. We will see this protocol exactly this case when piping your pipeline in your processor. Okay. Because here the fundamental problem is that when X comes in, we do not know which way to go. We do not know whether we should take this path or we should take this path until and unless we know the value of R. So, we will stick to this particular design. We will waste a lot of hardware, but this is easier to pipeline. Any question on this? So, let us see. First option, let us suppose we want a two-stage pipeline. So, we put a pipeline latch here. Okay. So, first question that will be answered whenever you try to pipeline something, does it produce a correct result? Forget about problems. That is the first question. What do you think? How do you analyze this for yourself? Okay. I assume that you will think in future. So, I will tell you the answer. Yes, it does. Because this one computes your X square and 2X. That passes on to the next stage. And I will take in the next input here. All right. And there is no problem as such. The only question was about R, but there is no issue with R. Because if you notice, I am clocking R with the same clock. So, this one gets modified only after I read out my output. It is the same clock. So, the R value that we fed in the multiplexer is the value that the latch had when the computer started. There is no problem with this. What about performance? How good is this pipeline? What is the clock rate of this pipeline? How fast can I run this pipeline? Which stage is going to determine the pipeline through a frequency, you think? This one, right? Why is that? And it is found that you have something more extra here. So, this is going to be the slower stage. So, as we have already seen, we should take the max of 2, right? Okay. So, that means, so these are often called unbalanced pipelines. We have two stages which are not balanced. And that means, there is a chance of improving. Because I should be able, if I can balance them, I must be able to gain clock frequency, right? Because the slower stage is going to be my clock frequency. So, I make it a three stage pipeline. So, again the same question you have to ask, is it correct? Is it still correct? Because as I just mentioned, the value of r that particular value of x is going to be used, is going to be correct. So, because r is modified only here and the value read out, will be before that. So, but you have to be a little careful here. That is, you are reading from and writing to the same register in the same pipe stage. That was true even for the previous one. So, we were writing to this particular register and reading from this register in the same pipe stage. So, if you want to see what happens exactly. So, let us call this s 1 and s 2, two stages. So, time goes in this direction. So, for a particular value of x, let us say s 1.  X 2 starts here. So, when x 1 is doing s 2, x 2 will be s 1. And then it does s 2 here. So, that is the problem because the value of r that s 1 is going to use here has already been modified. Does everybody see that? So, because what really is going to happen is that, if you, this is where x 1 gets sampled. This is where this last will be sampled. This is where the r value will be updated. And this is exactly where x 2 will start executing. What about performance? Did we improve upon the previous pipeline? What is the expected throughput of the clock frequency? Who determines the clock frequency of this pipeline? Max of all three. So, this is definitely going to be better than the previous one. Because the longest one in the previous case has been broken down to 2 now. And if all the algorithms are same, you can expect that either this or this will be the intermediate stage. Because this is going to be a very fast stage. Doing a mod 3 operation and a multidimensional. Suppose I had a mod 3 implemented as a divide. So, you say that well, let me isolate that. Is this correct? Are we good yet? There is some problem with this one. There is a comment here. Say the back edge crosses a pipeline latch. Why is it important? What is the problem? He says that there is some problem with the r value. What is the problem? Can you explain it more? Might be in the case mod 3 is faster. There is a might be case here. I tell you that it is wrong under all the details. So, if you try to do this again for this pipeline. We have S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 1, S 2. So, I need the value of r at S 3 stage. So, S 2 needs this value here. The value is latched here after S 4. So, there is no way to get the right value. So, X 2 is actually going to get the value of X naught previously. So, keep this in mind. Whenever you see that in your design. A value is getting produced in a stage which comes after the stage that consumes the value. You know that there is a problem. This pipeline is not going to work. And that essentially translates to a back edge crossing a pipeline latch in a patterned pipeline. So, these are called pipeline hazards. And dissolving this one is not going to work. There is no easy way to resolve this. You need a value here which is latched here. Which is in fact, which stabilizes at the end of S 4. I need the value at the beginning of S 3. There is no easy solution. So, here is another hazard of slightly different nature. So, in the actual hazard, the problem was that given X, we did not know what to do with this X. Which way to go? And which way to go depends on the computation of the previous X. Here we know what to do, but we may not have the data ready to do that. So, here is the function. Defines fx returns y, where y is x square times r. And r is y mod 3. So, here the danger of computation is known, but the required data may not be available. So, when we try to pipeline, we realize that. Another similar example, where we make it x times r square as opposed to x square times r. And r is again y mod 3. So, let us see how to pipeline these two. This is y is x square times r. So, again we will start with the combinational circuit. So, we have two multipliers. Take the input from r in the second multiplier. And the remaining things are same. Latency is 2 m plus modulo. Modulo, let me see. That determines your throughput and I will sample rate. So, I put the pipeline last there. Are we good? Yes, we are good. There is a problem there. R is consumed and produced and consumed in the same pipe stage. So, we should be fine. Are we good? No, we are not. So, here we have a back edge. Crossing this and if you look at what is actually happening, r is essentially not ready when you need it. The data is not ready. So, here is the hazard rule. Keep this in mind. Source stage of a data comes after the frustration stage. That creates major problem in pipelines. And there is no easy solution that can win back the last performance because of this. The only solution is that you have to wait for one cycle. So, in general, you have to wait for number of cycles equal to distance between the source stage and the distribution stage. So, in this case, the distance is 1. If you stall this particular stage for one cycle, you will get that outcome. The other one, x times r square. So, here you can easily see the problem. r has far-reaching influence. It goes to the first stage actually. You need from the very beginning of the computation. So, let us see the same 2M plus mod. So, when I try to pipeline it, there is a problem. So, this is okay, right? So, you have the same problem. We have a problem. So, this is somewhat easier to pipeline computation. So, we keep x equal to x into r square, but we change r to be equal to x mod instead of y mod. So, I can compute r first. But remember that the computation of 1x still depends on the previous computation because the r value comes from the previous x actually. It is not this r that we are using in the computation. So, there is still a dependence that remains on the previous computation. So, can we pipeline it? And answer is yes. Let us see how to do that. So, this is my combinational circuit. I bring the mod block here. I take x, produce r, everything else is unchanged. And now my delay becomes max of 2M comma mod. Because I can run this one in parallel with this 2M. So, I put a latch there. Are you good? Yes? Yes. Why? How can it be? I mean, what value of r am I using? I can logically drag it here, right? That is what we suggested. So, if you look at it, the latch also crosses a forward edge. So, that means what I can do is, when this cycle finishes, I can latch the value of r so that the next cycle can take the value of r from here, right? That is called a bypass path. So, if the source stage of data comes before or equal to the destination stage, even if the data is written to storage element in the later stage, we are fine. Can be handled with the bypass path. So, in this case, this is a stage that is producing the value. That is written after a long time. But the value is here, actually, ready for you to consume. So, if the destination stage is equal to this or before this, we are okay. We can handle that. Is it clear to everybody? Resolving hazard with bypass. So, I think I am going to stop here. We have covered pretty much all the cases of pipelining that you see when you are pipelining a processor. So, believe me, pipelining a processor is orders of magnitude more difficult than pipelining these simple computations. So, you see the problems. Before we go into that, I will spend a few minutes next lecture trying to explain how to simulate a pipeline. Because as we discussed in the first lecture, in a computer design cycle, you usually start with simulations before you finalize the design, before it goes to the concrete or design. So, you have to understand how to simulate a pipeline. It may seem very trivial, but why should it be in a particular? So, we will talk about that for a few minutes next class, and then we will take up pipelining a little bit.


What is going on guys today? I am back with another destiny 2 video and today I have something that's pretty Amazing and that is a friend of mine easy now one three three seven managed to get five Exhaustic drops in about five to ten minutes. Yes as crazy as that sounds It actually happened and I have the full Gameplay right here in the background for you guys to see all happening. It's absolutely ridiculous Now before we go into actually how we think this happened a few guys do enjoy the video leaving a like really Does help me out and if you want to be with a chance of winning a rock star destiny to exclusively in-game Be a chord simply drop a like and a video and leave a comment down below Okay, so me and easy now we're playing yesterday. We were just messing about doing public events And he actually we did two public events in a row Both dropping exotics for him now This isn't including the legend that also dropped as well while he was doing the public event So so far within about two three minutes. He already stacked up two exotics and a legend So it makes his way through the tower and as you're seeing in the background now He decrypts that legendary and gets an exotic out of it. He then decrypts his two exotics And obviously it's exotics.  What does he get? He gets an exotic He then goes and sees cage six and guess what guys he gets another exotic five exotics in literally five minutes If that now we think we know how this has happened if you didn't know guys when you complete the story You get something called a fireteam medallion these states Increased XP gains and loot for you and members of your fireteam or match from strikes Public events and the crucible effect lasts for four hours Now we both had one of these on and I have heard that they stack up to two times Even if you're in a fireteam of three they stack up to two times it could be three So that's what we're going with but we both had one of these on and he's Drops were absolutely unbelievable. Now whether this fireteam medallion helped him out. Who knows? But for damn sure it seemed like it did now We all have that one friend who's just absolutely lucky while you're there not getting no loot You've always got that one member of your fireteam. He gets absolutely everything drop in this instance guys It was easy now one through three seven But like I said, he's either seriously lucky or bungee a far sorry for him and not his RNG number to give him more Epic loot and that or these fireteam medallions obviously work But if you have used these let me know your experience with them I'm gonna pop another two layer and grind public events and see if I get any exotic engrams drop I actually got so mad with him at the beginning of the video You would have saw he left a fireteam that was actually me kicking him I kicked him from the fireteam for the simple fact He got one legendary into exhaust its drop in a matter of minutes and when you in my fireteam I ain't having that especially when I don't get nothing But yes guys, it seems as though these fireteam medallions do indeed work in giving you extra loot Try them out for yourselves if you have any left if you don't you can always purchase them from tests ever first But they do cost that silver, but yes guys that is the end of the video I hope you enjoyed it if you're new around here and enjoy daily destiny videos Be sure to subscribe and hopefully people I will see you on that next one


A little bit of thirst, but not for what you think. Ooh, that's a hot mug, guys! Hey guys, this is my review for Bloodlust, the third episode of Supernatural Season 2. This was the introduction of Gordon Walker, played by Sterling K. Brown, who has considerably done well with his career. He's been nominated several times. He's won an Emmy. He's won a Golden Globe. The guy has proved himself to be a very, very good actor.  Now, this wasn't really the start of his career, but this is what introduced a lot of Supernatural fans to him, and it introduced a lot of the film industry to him in terms of being able to play a character with underlying tones. And I like the character of Gordon Walker. He's probably one of the best villains this show has had of a human villain. A great character who brings up this emotional divide with Dean. Dean is obviously not dealing well with his father's death, and he's kind of seeing Gordon as a means to fill in the void because he is also a fellow hunter, and they have many similarities, whereas Sam is more of the humanist sort of idea, and he realized that there is something up with Gordon when they're hunting these vampires who turn out to be trying to live a normal life. They're trying to live off of animals' blood, which mid-league farmers probably wouldn't agree with, but they're not hunting humans anymore. There's this discussion of what is black and white, what is gray, and it's funny considering Dean has this kind of revelation to himself in this episode, especially at the end where he realizes what if the things we were hunting weren't actually hurting people when we were hunting with dad, and this constantly comes into play when Dean goes on a kill, spree, or is, yeah, we gotta kill it later, seasons, considering the death that the character got in this episode. Some of the writing is a little bit fisted, a little bit forced, especially with Gordon and Dean's dialogue. There's so many actions that happen in their conversation at the bar, which is Billy Miner Pub, which is in Maple Ridge, by the way, and holy crap, this thing has definitely gotten an upgrade. It looked like garbage back in the day, at least in this episode, which what, 2006, 2007? Holy God, it looks awful. Now it actually looks really nice, but wow, it looked pretty shitty on the outside. With this bar conversation, there's so much dialogue that's very, very forced. It's very nail on the head. Sarah Gamble was a great writer for the show, and I do like what she does with this episode. There's just a few things that, it's TV show writing production, really. And the farmhouse at the end of the episode where they tie Gordon up and they drive away, that actually is a farmhouse farm location that's in Walnut Grove that I actually got to work on quite recently. I can't show you any photos of it, but it was really cool to see this building be like, hey, I've worked there, admittedly 14 years later. I like this episode. I like the dynamic that it has with Gordon. I like the action that's in this. There's also a very toned down death where he uses a saw to chop the vampire's head off. There's just a little bit of blood on Dean's face. You should be just drenched in it, like something from Evil Dead, but you know, it's a TV show. The writing again is not exactly the strongest in certain aspects, but overall this is a very good episode. And again, Gordon was such a great character. I'm gonna give Bloodlust a five out of seven. Now let's see what you guys had to say in the comments. I got a lot of them, admittedly I can't say all of them, but I got a lot of comments from you guys. Okay, so our first comment here is Tom. I'm gonna just skip to where his part is. Episode three was epic and who knew we had an Oscar winner in our midst? It's an Emmy, Golden Globe winner, but still he's an award winner. Overall season two was sneaky underrated, but it was so important for establishing lower characters, et cetera for the rest of the series. We wouldn't have seasons four and five without it. Yes, I totally agree with you there. We got another one here from Joe Malia. Bloodlust introduced Gordon, who is the only human that is an actual threat to the brothers that has to be turned into a vampire in order to be defeated later in season three because of his non-sympathetic feelings towards any supernatural being. And because of Gordon, the show creates a gray area on what supernatural beings are actually evil. I also really like Sterling K. Brown, which is why I probably like Gordon. Yes, I definitely agree with you there. He was a really great character, had a lot of really great parts, and yeah, that gray area that he adds to the show. Got one here from Joe Balashia. Bloodlust is one of those instances where the humans are the villain, but it's done right. Gordon Walker is definitely a serial killer, scary, and ironically has a bloodlust for vampires. Good point. I love that this is a Dean-centric episode showing the darker side of Dean, one of the shots that is unforgettable for me and the entire show is the lighting that zooms in on Dean's face. Solid episode to paint a morally gray dilemma that has the best human villain the show has ever had. But Karen C. got a really big one here, so I'm just gonna go with the last one here. In the final fight scene, when he puts down the knife to suggest a fair fight and Dean puts down his gun, every time I watch and see him pick the knife back up again, I just want Dean to kill the bastard. But Dean ramming his head into the wall and giving him that extra punch is a good and more appropriate second option. I love it when he walks him into the wall, but oops. That's a great part. Thank you guys for your comments and then something else I should mention too is there's this very slow kind of pull into Dean and it's got that ring, kind of a lens flare ring from the sun and he's looking back at the camera because, and this is after Sam says, I guess I'm just gonna be a pain in your ass. And Dean looks at the camera and now having re-watched the season so many times I realized he is thinking, you might not just be a pain in my ass, I might just have to kill you and I love that they keep alluding to this and seeing it now is just so much more there. The next episode is children shouldn't play with dead things. This is the first time zombies are introduced to the show so make sure to give me your comments about that and I'll read off the best ones I can find in the comments when I do the episode next. Thanks again for watching the video guys. If you liked it, leave a like and if you're interested in more, maybe subscribe. Otherwise, I'll see you guys in the next one. Thanks for watching the video. My name is Knitz and you might remember me from the animated cult classic TV show, Undergrads. It's been a while but I'm happy to say the click is finally getting back together in an all new movie. Thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign but we are still asking for your support. To see any and all updates about the upcoming Undergrads movie, be sure to check out and like the Bring Back Undergrads Facebook page and with any luck, we'll see you guys soon.


will be a modern journey by a modern president, LBJ, but it will also be a journey back to a time when this president became the eyes and ears of another president. When President Johnson set out on this Asian tour, it was to be a journey which would be unique in history. It would be the longest trip taken by a president, 27,000 miles in 17 days. As the journey progressed across the vast regions of the Pacific, weighty problems of world peace filled the president's mind, but there were moments too for anticipating the renewal of old friendships. Australia held a special meeting for President Johnson. He had been here before during another world crisis, when the Pacific set at the second table and was almost a forgotten area. This time, Australia and its people greeted President and Mrs. Johnson with open hands and open hearts. It was deep affection for the man Australia remembered as a visitor in 1942. Obviously, the president enjoyed the reception. Still his memory went back to the time of another crisis. Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, when Japan shattered the peace of the Pacific. Quickly, Congress heard and granted the request for a declaration of war. Next day, Congressman Lyndon Johnson resigned from office and took his oath as a Lieutenant Commander in the Navy. As such, he was sent to Australia as FDR's Special Emissary. During his stay, he traveled the length and breadth of the land down under, trying to get the answers his chief needed. A major problem of those days was knowing exactly what we were up against in the Pacific. Communications were disorganized and uncertain. Mr. Roosevelt was having trouble getting the facts. Clear cold facts free from hearsay were needed. Commander Johnson's mission was to get below the top brass and see what we were really up against. Seeking out this information meant digging deep. Since FDR wanted answers below the top brass level, the tall tower housing MacArthur's headquarters was passed by. The opinions of officers who had seen action first hand, such as Colonel Stevens and General Marquot, were important. He would talk to generals, GIs and civilians, people who knew from personal experience how little we had and how much was needed. German officers had seen our equipment in combat against superior enemy equipment, and they knew the overwhelming problems of putting us on a par with those who would destroy us. So Commander Johnson sought them out and gained their confidence. But there was also some time for fun and frolic. For a few ships in the harbor, not nearly enough. It would take thousands of vessels to carry the material of war to stop the drive of the Japanese. The commander was emphatic on that point. The pace was fast, meetings numerous. Even hospitals were few, their facilities crowded and inadequate. These men knew the horrors of war, yet those who had sustained wounds set about their recovery with the same spirit that had carried them into battle. This war was an air war, so emergency strips were hewn from New Guinea sugarcane fields. Pre-fabricated materials proved quickest. Ladies and villagers alike set to the task, with only a little time out for recreation. Once the air strips were finished, no time was lost in ticking off for air strikes at the enemy. The best way to observe the air war was from the air. So Commander Johnson went along with the airmen. Press court would be of some comfort for those in the slower, more cumbersome bombers. Said on someone else's gear, might have been more careful had he known it belonged to a future president. This mission they had gone looking for the enemy and had found him. For a lost, others limped home badly damaged. Was pretty well shot up. But a daring pilot brought her in despite 17 holes from Japanese 20 millimeter cannon. Several planes are still missing, but there's one more coming in for a belly landing. One holds their breath, dies down. He's safe. Brass applauds his bravery. The pilot, Major Divine, asks his name not be mentioned. His wife back in New York might be worried. There were others who would not come back. Colonel Stevens, who had sat on the duffel bag, had been shot down in a shark infested sea. Superstitions may not count in war. Still it gives pause to unpack and find the shaving that are broken. These enemy planes were superior in strength and numbers. So without serious opposition, the Japanese had a clear shot at Darwin, but the smoke had barely cleared away when Commander Johnson flew in to inspect the damage. Knowledge could be gained here. Knowledge of the explosive power of enemy bombs and the accuracy of his target sites. Mute testimony to the striking power of the enemy and the nearly defenseless facilities of our Australian allies. Commander Johnson was learning about the destruction of war firsthand. In military annals, this was a new kind of war where soldier and civilians suffered equally. Yesterday these were beautiful Darwin homes. Today, charred rubble. The owner is now homeless. Problems of supply and materials were increased by damage to docking facilities. But even before repairs were complete, ships were unloading again. After barracks were knocked out, our fighting men lived in makeshift quarters. Efforts were ceaseless to restore some kind of order. At all the work, the men had the peculiar and constant feeling that they were being watched. And they were. Planes were hidden and camouflaged as best they could be. Hoping the enemy wouldn't be back too soon. An oven improvised from a burned-out stump served Commander Johnson as a stove. But there wasn't enough time to eat the meal. A new alert proclaims the Japanese are on the prowl again. Planes are quickly manned to try and seek the enemy out and stop him. In expansive surveillance, the enemy is in sight. But the search had covered hundreds of miles of ocean. Some place along the line, the navigator had missed his bearings. Force to report to the pilot that they were hopelessly lost. No airstrip around. So they headed for the flat interior of Australia, looking for a place to set her down. With gas running low, the pilot, Major Frank Kurtz, picked the smoothest spot he could find. Then they were safely down. It didn't seem possible there could be people within a hundred miles. However, it wasn't long before a welcoming committee did arrive. It took only one look for them to decide they couldn't help or wouldn't. It looked as though somebody would have a mighty long walk, then a miracle. Ranchers from out back arrived. They were a welcome sight. In one rather battered vehicle, some members of the plane crew set off for the nearest town, 35 miles away. Along the way, they passed Ayers Rock, a unique landmark, a single monolith reaching 3,000 feet above the desert floor. In Eucalyptus Forest, they saw some of the odd birds of Australia and even a flying squirrel. A distant mountain range proved to be the home of the Australian Aborigines, one of the oldest races on Earth. And along the way, livestock herds were reminiscent of the American West. At last they reached the town. This was North Gregory. The people were friendly and eager to help. It was a small town, similar in many respects to the frontier towns of Texas. Get the plane with a new load of fuel, the crew and their passengers set a grateful goodbye and prepared for the takeoff. Marys of long ago came back to President Lyndon B. Johnson as he paid a second visit to Australia, the scene of his presidential mission in 1942. So he set a fond farewell as the people offered him wishes for a speedy return, then back across the Pacific to the Manila Conference, to Alaska and home.


What is Electoral Bonds and how this brings transparency in political funding? To find answer to these questions watch this video continuously. First let's see why the Electoral Bonds was introduced in India. See before the introduction of Electoral Bonds if a political party received a donation of less than rupees 20,000 from your donor then it was not mandatory to reveal the source of funds. So this rule was misused by all the political parties. The political parties said that they received 90 percentage of their political fund in the denomination of less than rupees 20,000. Due to this large amount of black money went into electoral funding and used in the election process. So a huge amount of black money was generated and used in the election campaigning. Now coming to the Electoral Bonds according to the union government the Electoral Bond scheme was brought up to put check on the decades old under the table donations and to bring transparency and accountability in the system of political donations in the country. Now coming to the features of Electoral Bonds see Electoral Bond would be a bearer instrument in the nature of a promissory note which is also an interest free banking instrument. Now let's see who can purchase the bond. Here note that the Electoral Bond may be purchased by a person who is a citizen of India or it may be purchased by a body incorporated or established in India. Here the definition of person includes an individual or a company or an association of persons or a body of individuals or any agency office or branch owned or controlled by such person. Now coming to the question where Electoral Bonds can be purchased. See Electoral Bonds can be purchased for any value in multiples of thousand, ten thousand, one lakh, ten lakh and one crore from the specified branches of the state bank of India. See the purchaser would be allowed to buy Electoral Bonds only on due fulfillment of the KYC norms. Also note that Electoral Bond will not carry the name of payee. This provision of the scheme is hotly contested as it will lead to corporate funding of the elections. Now let's see who is eligible to get donation. See Electoral Bonds would have a life of only 15 days during which can be used for making donation only to the political parties registered under section 29A of the representation of People Act and the political parties which secured not less than one percent of the votes polled in the last general election to the Lokshaba or the State Legislative Assembly. See the bonds under the scheme shall be available for purchase for a period of 10 days each in the months of January, April, July and October. Note that an additional period of 30 days shall be specified by the central government in the year of the general election to the Lokshaba. Now coming to the redemption of bonds the bond shall be encached by any eligible political party only through a designated bank account with the authorized bank. I hope now you could be able to find the answer for the question what is Electoral Bond and how they bring transparency. To have a strong hold over current affairs, do watch Shankar AIS Academy's Hindu News Analysis regularly. Thank you.


Once upon a time there was Frank and Frank is going to help us memorize the seven ways that you can get to first base This is Frank's wife.  We're talking about the seven ways you can get to first base and baseball here Frank's two favorite things were eggnog and baseball and one day He drank so much eggnog that he accidentally threw a ball through a window in his house Needless to say Frank's wife was irate She got so upset that she suddenly took his eggnog away from him and hid it somewhere where he could not find it Frank looked high and Frank looked low But then he stopped because this story has gone a long enough and we've arrived at our lesson which is Frank's irate wife Suddenly hid his eggnog Sound silly Yes, it is, but it's also educational because as you can see we can use this acronym of foo she To help us remember fielders choice interference walk strike out hit hit by pitch air There you have it the seven ways you can reach first base Remember them and remember our wonderful teacher Frank's wife


Literally, Jesus' last assignment has to be, as the church, our first priority. The Great Commission.  And it's not just the Great Commission, church, it's the only commission. Jesus didn't give us four commissions. Jesus gave us one Great Commission that has four parts to it. And here's what's sad is that modern research has revealed that over the last 20, 25 years, the church in the West has lost touch with that priority. We become obsessed with other things. We've begun to create Christianity as a self-improvement program. We've turned Christianity into a self-help behavior modification system. And we've turned Jesus into a life enhancement coach instead of Jesus being the savior and the gospel being our salvation and the Great Commission being our priority. Most recent research shows that today, as of today, almost 60% of evangelical Christians do not and cannot describe what the Great Commission is. So if you were to ask six out of 10 Christians in America right now or in the West, hey, what is the Great Commission? What is the one thing that Jesus left to his church to prioritize our lives around? If you were to ask him, six out of 10 would not be able to tell you that. But yet it's the one and the ultimate commission mandate that Jesus gave the church. And we just read it, Matthew 28. You can read it in Luke 24. You can read Acts chapter one. You can read it in Mark 16. All of the gospels have it. The book of Acts has it, but yet we have lost it because we've prioritized other things. Church, we gotta get back to the one thing that Jesus called us to prioritize our life with because when Jesus returns, he's not gonna ask us how's your behavior? How's your modification plan? How's your, you know, all the different things that we think it's about. He's gonna say, what did you do with the time, the talent, the resources and the opportunities I gave you? Did you use it to win the lost? You know, Proverbs says that the person that wins souls is wise. Did you win souls? Did you proclaim the gospel? Did you do the things that Jesus gave us as a commandment or did we begin to shift gears and look at it simply through a selfish lens? Today I want to help us recalibrate our hearts around this first priority. This is in the heart of God. And wherever God's heart is, that's where we want our hearts. You ask, if you were to really take a look at the scriptures and everything that we know about God, from the pages of the Bible and even personal experience and you were to narrow it down to what's the one thing that God obsesses about? It would be people because Jesus did not come to build some time sensitive expiration date institution. Jesus came to seek and to save people, real people, people that live here, people that are in this room, people that live on the other side of the planet that you and I have never met and will never meet. Jesus came to die and to ransom back to God, people in Africa, people in Europe, people in Iceland, people in India, people in Asia, people in Papua New Guinea, people in Australia, people in Central and South America, people in North America, people in Canada, every nation on the face of the earth, Jesus came to win them and to save them. When John 3.16 tells us that God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son, we need to see the value that God places on people through the filter of the gift that he gave, which was Jesus. Because oh, what an incredible gift that was. You don't just give that level of sacrifice, of laying down the life of your son and laying down the Lord of heaven and earth if you don't love people, but God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son. And he calls us to love people and to give our lives to what he loves. But if we're being honest, it's really easy for us to become self-centered and also callous when it comes to the lostness of the world that we're living in, or to the fact that there are people that have never heard the name of Jesus. They've never heard a clear presentation of the gospel. And oftentimes when we think of missions, we think of on the other side of the world and that's true. But do you know that North America by percentage, North America, the country that you and I live in is actually by percentage the fourth largest mission field of unreached people in the entire world. So we have the fourth largest, the first, the most unreached area of the world is Asia is primarily that and then number two is the Middle East and number three is areas in Northern Africa and number four is North America by percentage. Church, why did Jesus put you and I in the country and the culture at the time and the place that we live at? He put us here because people that he loves who have never had an opportunity to make him, their Lord and Savior, need us to be committed to the first priority, the great commission that is on God's heart. So that they too can experience their broken heart being healed. So that they too can experience good news in a world where bad news is plaguing people. They need to hear deliverance from things that have kept them bound, recovery of sight to spiritual truth so that Jesus can save them and deliver them from the stronghold of the enemy. In order for us to do that though, we've got to understand what the great commission is and then we've got to embrace it as our first priority.


Thank you very much for joining this community call so dedicated to the open air content providers, managers, basically targeting the repository managers, the create system managers and other content providers and data sources that are contributing to open air. So it's always a pleasure so feel free to ask questions in the chat using your microphone, no problems, we want always to have it as an interactive session, usually we don't have so many interactions that people make questions and put it in the chat but feel free to do it in the audio. So basically today we don't have a specific topic to discuss but we have two important highlights some one the first one dedicated to some updates that we did in the dashboard. So and we did it really recently, a bit invasive in some areas, particularly in the registration part and the update of the way IPM edge interfaces from your data sources so we would like to share with you those updates and to check and also to inform you that if you find some problems please please contact us because we we in fact identify some issues and we are we solve it but but we may have some more. But so we are happy with this recent update that we did and also share with you that due to the improvement of the quality of the data that we have in open air research graph, and particularly with the alignment with the the yoske catalog. We have decided to push for a campaign regarding the upgrade of the compliance. Particularly dedicated to the basic compliance and to 2.0 compliance so we would like to have your support for that so so and we will present these repositories compliance upgrade campaign or process, whatever we want to call it. So, first, let's just check the agenda. So these updates and the campaign upgrade so together with my colleague and drive the idea, we will manage these updates in the dashboard just to make some highlights. And then, with our colleague Leonidas Piringas from open air, we will talk about this this campaign and why we are doing this what are the rationale, the integration in the yoske for you to understand so you already heard in previous community calls about the the yoske research product catalog by Paul umangi or the integration of the open air services in the yoske ecosystem so you are aware of the importance of the open air services inside us you are aware of the, our relevant provide will be in the onboarding process of of data sources in yoske so we will try to make it more explicit and now this, this is why this campaign is needed. And if you have any, any comment. Any question, of course, you can put it in the chat but we have also a Google document where you can also put because if you are not able to reply to you properly in this, in this meeting we can put the reply there and the, and the inform you can also put the link here for this Google document that very usually gather some questions. So, about some recent news just some alerts or reminder so it's always important to say and we try to be transparent about that you know that we would like to have an index update of our content every month. But sometimes due to integrations of services and now due to this invasive alignment with the the yoske interoperability framework and the the some changes that we need to apply an open air so the the last content update that is visible in your side when we talk about enrichments etc. And when we talk about numbers of aggregated content is from 26 September we will have it. We will have a new one in the coming days so hopefully that will be this will be managed so you can check this for some updates and for some of you that I have in fact that usually receive notifications you will be aware of that also receiving the enrichment notifications for example. But we put this information also available in the portal and in some pages. Then the other. The other novelty is the upgrade that we did to the interface mainly is related with the registration process and with the the fact that we now have this collaboration with between open air and fair sharing with that the result is the integration of fair sharing directly also as an alternative directory in in open air provide so the deployment in production of this update was done really recently so if you find any issue please report to us we are aware of one or two we have already fixed. Even yesterday and the day before some some some bugs that usually so we found, but it's everything available in the fair sharing so and we always try to be And to update the public road map for you to be aware about what we are doing but also important for you also to provide feedback if you have any kind of new features that you'd like to see you can comment and send some some requests about that but of course you can also do it here. During the community calls you can send us emails etc. Okay, these are the four. New novelties or reminders I'm going now into the details about the the recent updates just for you to be aware summarized in this three bullet points new registration process for repositories for that I am literature repositories. So let's say that we now don't have a different process for literature to publication repositories and data repositories, it will be in the same place using a merge set of entries from the three alternative directories in this is related to the second topic the inclusion of fair sharing We, in the past we had open door for publications we three data for that repositories and now we have fair sharing also for mainly for that repositories but for other kinds of research for other kinds of data sources so in one single point one in single workflow we can register using the information of any of these three alternative directories so someone that that want to register a new source in open air, it need to be in one of these directories, we tried to do duplicate them but so there is some things to fix. And in fact one is related with you that are already part of open air some of you. Because if you want to update the IP image interface today or tomorrow. So you will find the problem so there are, at least for that specific part we are, we are checking what needs to be solved because things were working well. That's why we need to solve it about this new merge interface you see a print screen here. Now you only have an entry for repository. So you don't have the data repository currently so you are able to register the repositories. So you have the information from open door with three data and for sharing a journal and aggregator and a key system so last last community call one month ago was educated to the registration of three systems the the validation process how all things work with the three systems and everything is in working well so we have this four types of that the sources in four types of registrations. So one entry point. And what we do is that we try to do duplicate the sources based on the on the three directories sometimes the duplication can be 100% correct. It depends a bit on the way that we have in fact registered our data source in these three entries if we have a completely different way in terms of naming to register something in fair sharing and free in three three data maybe we were not able to do to duplicate this and we will you will have two entries. So this is the issue but as you can see here from this print screen. When you when you do this you you see this. Okay, just let me just share it so when you, when you want to register you see this repository journal aggregator and key systems as we as we said, and the registration process is starts here and we always put here when was the last date of that specific directory in order also for you to understand the for example if you just registered yesterday in order for you to understand why is not there but the things are working quite well with updates and the alignment with the between the API is that we are consuming from open door and three data so you you have also the last update from first sharing so you can see clearly if you have any issue. Contact us and you say okay I registered one week ago I wanted to to register today so why I don't find so we would try to solve that issue so this is now the way that we have, we have one example here from Portugal that I prepared just for you to see so you can identify the country and then all the data sources from Portugal registered and identified as Portugal registered in fair sharing open door and with the data will be visible here for you. And then you can say if yours is registered or not. And so, and you will see that so it's, it's, it's easy. So, and of course this is interesting also because we, in fact, we have a more clear view about the sources from a specific country. You may have like I'm checking this now you may have a repository from a specific university that is registered is registered in one. The application repository is registered the, the data repository is not registered and you can check this in this single page. So, this is nothing extraordinary but I think it was important for open air as these three directories are alternative. Okay. Okay, this was what I wanted to, to highlight and raise should I highlight something else. That people should be aware this is the most relevant thing that people will identify, of course, yes, you presented the most relevant updates. So what I was talking about is that in this part of the update. You can also update the interface is if any change was done regarding a specific way IP image interface you can register the new one but if you identify any, any issue. So, please contact us, we are aware of some issues here in this part specifically but we will try to solve it as soon as possible be aware of that I'm repeating about three or four community calls ago. Be aware that you can always update the terms of use if, if you didn't manage that you can always in this update tab you can always update the terms of use, which is something relevant. Okay. So I'm not using this moment as to demonstrate the service and just I'm lighting the most relevant let's, let's go now, do you have any question about this. So we have a new address putting also the way that you can contact us the link you can send us links so we finally have a new help desk that help desk ticket system which means that we are more responsible responsive so you just need to send us a task at open edel to you and you will receive a proper reply and automatic reply and we will for sure ensure reply in 24 or 48 hours. Okay, nothing else here in the shot. So let's now present to you and to be Leonidas to present to you this important upgrade process that we want some of you. In terms maybe the majority are open air 3.0 compliant or some for but it's important for you to know what are the implications of being a basic open air compliant or 2.0 and what are, what is the importance now to this upgrade because of also because of we ask so Leonidas please the floor is yours. You are going to share your screen and the slides is better maybe. Yes, thank you, Pedro. So Leonidas is also a colleague that you already know from previous community calls but for those that are here so Leonidas is part of the open air team that can support also in things related with the guidelines to provide etc so feel free also to share the questions so it's part of the team and you know him also Leonidas please now. Yes, thank you Pedro. So I will continue to say a few words about the upgrade campaign of the repositories that we should be designing in order to to shelf all the data sources that have been registered to open air to upgrade the compliance level using the open air guidelines. First of all, we should answer why why are we doing this, why are we designing a campaign to upgrade the compatibility level of the repositories well first of all, it's because of the technological developments and ongoing ongoing updates of open science Monday mandates and standards open it is constantly improving and optimizing its guidelines to align with this evolution of the open science strengthening the compatibility value. First of course, with the infrastructure, as you have already, as you already know, only the data sources that are compatible with the vision, the, the open a guideline versions three and four will be fully embedded and be on board the infrastructure. So, now let's see the updates. The introduced updates, according to its level of compliance on the open air guidelines for the literature institution automatically positores. In version two introduced the European Commission project funding programs, and also introduced an extended name space, which was is a generic way of expressing project identification. Apart from apart only from the European Commission for project funding programs in version three, we shared the introduction of the horizon Europe funding program. The functionality of linking of applications to other publications references and to data data sets. And in version four, we have introduced the doubling core and data side schemas, which have new way I met a data prefix, and the new new schema name space with additional elements, which have also introduced identifier themes for authors organizations and funders and scholarly resources. We have also introduced the core control vocabularies, and we are aggregating data in compliance with the open air content acquisition policy. And let's see what does open air collect. According to the compatibility level of your data source. So, with the open a basic driver compatibility, open air collects only open access content with open air version to open air collects only European Commission funded content and with open air version guidelines version 2.2 plus. Open access and European Commission funded content interface version three of the open of the compatibility level with the guidelines, we collect open access. We collect not only open access and European Commission's funded content, but we also collect national or other funding content that comes not only from European Commission. So of course with open air guidelines version for compatibility, we're capable of collecting open and close content. Always according to the new content acquisition policy. Here you can see a graph with the number of data sources that with a compliance level. As they are registered in provide any open air. And as we can see we have many numbers, many data sources, many repositories with the basic driver, and our goal is to contact to go through all the data sources that are prior to version three compliant. And urge them and help them to upgrade the compatibility level. Our goal is to upgrade the compatibility level to version four, as this would be the best option. So how we're designing in general, and at a glance how designing design the campaign. First of all, we will contact its repository manager separately. We will be informing them about our campaign, the compatibility level. What and what they need to do in order to upgrade their compatibility will provide support and guidance. We will define actions for the concrete compatibility for each according to each to the software platform that each data source uses from this space. We have also the ones that use a social platform that this is not incorporated the open and guidelines such as this space we will prepare online guides for this. Of course we will schedule with you even one to one meetings in order to assist you on this upgrade of your data source. We will also produce a few video tutorials to help you. Again, upgrading young compliance. And of course the provide the community to call here is the place where we will share updates information about the whole campaign. In this graph you will see. You see the importance of being open or being compliant with the opener interoperable guidelines version three and four. And by that you will be fully embedded in the EOS infrastructure infrastructure where also all open services will be incorporated. So here in the next graph peddler will save you words here. And this is really just to conclude this part and just to present a diagram that is quite. So diagram that was really done recently just to clearly present the onboarding the process in the in the Osk and to place open areas not a diagram done by open areas from them. And under the umbrella of the US future project that is preparing this. So here you can see the operating workflows and where you can see on the on the bottom left side the open air provide as a service that is providing and supporting the registration and the onboarding of data sources. So we can register that the source is via the normal onboarding and registration process and the Oscar by an open air, but you always need to register the service specifically in, in, in, in the Osk, but you can see that being part, having a compliance level with P dot zero four dot zero, you, let's say are compliant with the interoperability framework, where we rely on and, and with this, you can have your research products your records publications that the sets, etc. from your data sources include it also in the, in the Osk catalog specifically when talk about research product, research products. Okay. This is just a simple, simple diagram just to place. So let's say that the other diagram that Leonidas was presenting is the workflow from the perspective of open air this is the diagram. This is the same diagram from the perspective of the US that is being prepared okay it's not it's not fully in production that is being prepared and that until of the, the end of this month things are being shaped to be delivered in production but in fact if you go to the catalog you will, you will see already products there so the registration process is also being updated. So, and you are here in this community calls also to be aware of this. So, now we can have your questions so it's it's critical to have this campaign that Leonidas presented, we are here to support we count with the commitment of, of, we can maybe maintain the your diagram Leonidas with the for this moment of the discussion, the previous the two previous slides, maybe you can maintain it just people else to realize the, yes the previous one, I think it's good. Yes, this one is great. More color. Yes, we have some, some, some comments here already feel free to to turn on your microphone and ask questions so now you can ask questions about all the things that I said about the upgrades but also about this campaign and the need to be. So, john is asking will the support and guidance also for three dot zero company to present you to get for that zero complaint. Okay, we have a project. Okay, we are trying to get for that zero complaint but any guidance will be welcome. Okay. Yes, so we are happy to support. It's not because we have this campaign that we don't support the other upgrade of compliance on three dot zero to four dot zero for sure we have it so feel free to ask questions in this in the help desk we can report you also feel free to contact us and if if something needed from our side more than a normal reply to the ticket system we can we can have a shot with you for sure this is this is easy to do. So we are available to support any compliance issue. Okay. So you can test using the validator, you can report to us some about that you have in the help desk ticket system we don't have a kind of shot box but we have the the help desk ticket system now it's working quite well so we do we have a new system everything is is properly working properly so just use help desk at open air dot you don't go through any other link available in the in the in the portal just contact us via that and you will see the tickets in our new system. What about guidelines for that archives they are not updated from. Yeah. Thank you Stefano for your question it makes sense. They are aligned with the. We also need to work on that maybe Andreas my colleague Andreas is here if you want to say something. It's also critical because there are some alignment also with the new metadata schemas from that the seed that need to be done but so this is only critical for guidelines for literature repositories for data and Chris systems, they are part of the they are part of the of the Oscar interoperability framework so I should have said that before so this is. There are some things that are not so straightforward but we will not put complications on that so that Chris. 3.0 and 4.0 will be included in them in the framework of the onboarding of us, let's say, I hope it was clear. Yes, do you want to help me to say something about. So for sure, we need to have an update on the guidelines of that repositories. But so feel free also to go to the GitHub and provide some feedback and say if there anything critical just just provide we always try to be to have workflows that the community can be involved. The guidelines from open air are from the community, so I'm not anymore from only open air because they are being used. A bit in different places of the world they are being integrated in national environments. We have this in Europe we have this in Canada in Japan so in the in other regions like la referencia for Latin America, so Stefan be aware of that Andreas do you want to do you think this is something. Interesting that you can head also to this reply about the archive guidelines. Yes, thank you Stefano so Andrea speaking. We have some updates updates for the guidelines in the pipeline. The first one will be the Chris an update for the Chris guidelines. This is finalized and hopefully we have this end of this month. The second part is for the update for the institution and thematic repository guidelines to reflect their evolution in the last three or years. And the next part after the institution and thematic guidelines are the data archive guidelines to reflect the upcoming work of data site. And, as you know, data site is have requested some comments on the new data site theme version four dots, five, and we are in contact with data site regarding these in Xima, and we'll reflect this once. Thank you, Peter. Thank you. Yeah. Yes, this is this is also becoming critical because now with the release of this new schema we need to work as soon as possible on that but with all this. So alignment with the, with the Oscar so other priorities were on top of our, our work. And so for free to also to ask question using the microphone so we don't need to. I hope it was, it was clear. So the updates that we did I think it's an interesting thing that now we have a new alternative directory feel free also to register. To register your source in fair sharing as the fair sharing is now an alternative source, but you are part, you can be part of open air via open door with free data. Regarding this, if you are here, and you are 2.0 2.0 plus or driver compliant, which was great. At some point, it's still be good because we are exposing our content to be consumed by, by, by, by the web by the regulators, etc. But now it's critical that we do this effort to update so just to just point us if you can, you can also contact me in the chat or directly so feel free to do that. I think this is important. If you, if we don't have any other, any other topic. Question. Also, so these were the only the only two topics that we wanted to highlight but feel free to ask another things if you have any issue that you want. We always try to reply so we know that we had some issues in provide the dashboard regarding the updates regarding the visibility of some enrichments that we are trying to be on top of that and properly reply some also in the registration process but we have things in the transparent way presented. So if you are happy with that, even the user statistics are working well so feel free also if you don't have yet enabled the user statistics service feel free also to do so we have also call like the meet is here to support. So, okay, so our upcoming call. It will be in December. So, we will have the community call. Check, I'm not sharing slides. It's happening something here. We will have the community call on the first Wednesday of December will be in the seventh of December. Okay, great. Just before an holiday in some country, the eight Catholic holiday in some countries. So but the Wednesday, seven of December we will have the community call will be the last community call of this year. I'm not sure about the main topic but for sure we will do updates regarding the the yoske. Okay, for sure we'll do updates regarding the, the updates of the dashboard and then Andreas is also writing in the chat so feel free to ask maybe it's interesting Andreas to share some of the updates that we are that we want to do in the guidelines maybe we can share it in the coming call. Okay, put in your calendar December seven. Same time. newsletter so be aware that the recordings will be made available you will receive also the slides from this session. Also subscribe the newsletter I just want to and read to check if we have any question in the Google document, just to be sure that we can reply. So we always send in the first week of the month, the newsletter if you don't receive it subscribe it. We send it usually for the, the old admin and the managers emails in them. And then we switch that the source so we do that so feel free. But but but feel free also to disseminate to your colleagues in your institutions because they can also receive the newsletter in newsletters you can subscribe to the general newsletter of open air to the provide newsletter. No more questions. And there is just point also to some links important links in the, in the, in the guide it's important to say that the guidelines are open to feedback okay this is a the only big colleagues and then the other colleagues did the great work to put it available in GitHub people can comment the suggestions so feel free to do that. We always try to put you to put you up to date. Okay, so next community call, subscribe to the newsletter. No more questions no more comments. It's great. We did the community call in 4040 45 minutes. So we are free to work in the rest of the afternoon. Thank you all for joining. I see some colleagues I know some some some names here. I hope that everything is okay with colleagues from different parts of Europe from different countries. Thank you for joining. Don't hesitate to contact us for any any question okay. Bye bye all we will make the community call open for one minute more just for you to copy paste any link that you want to copy from the chat and see you next month. Andreas, thank you.