I don't know why I'm so fortunate and so blessed and I know that my mom always told me that my grandmother was in the church lighting candles and praying for her. I am a result of my grandmother's prayers and my mother prays for me all the time and I pray for my daughter all the time and not just business but also entertainment. She is, without question, one of the more noted, one of the more sought after entertainers on the planet. She also happens to be a professed Christian, but the issue is, is she? Well, clearly watching her, looking at her, listening to her, you wouldn't gather that unless someone told you she is. And why is it important to even address her or to talk about her? Well, for the same reasons, important to cover her friend Oprah. I am a Christian. That is my faith. I'm not asking you to be a Christian. If you want to be one, I can show you how, but it is not required. Both of these women have been covered at Nauseum on YouTube and in various different social media platforms. But I think it's important that we look at how their brand, their type of Christianity is not only infectious, but how absolutely dangerous it is. Oprah Winfrey is a billionaire and Oprah Winfrey also claims to be a Christian. However, Oprah Winfrey is anything but a Christian, the same whole shoe for Beyonce. These are two women who want to claim Christianity, however, do not want to claim Christ. My favorite Bible verse, because I am Christian, is Axe, something. I used to know the number, but this is an ax. Y'all can Google it. But it says, thank you, 1728. In God, I live and move and have my being. Do you have a favorite passage from the Bible? Yes, I do. Okay. Mine is Psalm 374. Delight thyself. I love the word delight, don't you? Delight thyself in the Lord. He will give you the desires of your heart. I searched and searched and searched and just could not find any clips of any time Beyonce even mentioning the name Jesus, especially in a positive sense. And when you hear Oprah bringing up, Jesus is bringing up God. It's always to kind of water down the gospel to say that ask, are there different paths, many different ways to get to God? Are there many paths or different paths to God? Great question. Okay. So here's the big question. Are there many paths to get to the one God? Well, I believe I am a Christian who believes that there are certainly many more paths to God other than Christianity. So I'm a free thinking Christian who believes in my way, but I don't believe that it's the only way. Do you believe that only Christians can be in relationship with God? No, I believe that when Jesus said, I am the way, the truth and the life and the way I read that, Jesus said, He is the road marker. He's the map. So I think God loves people so much that whether they accept or reject Him, He's still gracious and He's still moving and He's still giving you massive red blinking lights for chances to take a right turn where maybe you would take a left, but I believe God loves people and that's what this whole gospel is based on. It's love. You take the love out of it. We've got a moral book. Both of these women have the same issue at hand. They are wanting some peace. They're wanting to feel good about themselves and not wanting to be judged just in case they're wrong. Many times people don't want to be right. They just want to feel right, even if they are wrong and so they may insulate themselves with people who will not tell them right from wrong, who will not tell them their errors or show them they're wrong. They'll seek out for themselves, people to affirm what they believe, how they feel. That's what you see with Oprah in her interviews and how she's trying to brand her own form of Christianity and the same thing with Beyonce. Beyonce goes about seeking affirmation obviously and it's been reported about her level of control and how she's trying to perfect her branding and her image and things of that nature. Well, as we can all attest to at some point in time, you are going to be faced with a situation where you have no control over, you are going to lose all control. They don't like this. What Beyonce attempts to do is to use her glamour, her sexuality as a means to promote her own lifestyle, to promote her own brand and what she does not want to do is to be judged by anyone. With the release of her song, Church Girl, which obviously we all know the sort of storm that's caused, when you just listen to some of the lyrics and unfortunately I had listened to some of the lyrics just because it was out there, I wanted to hear what the fuss was about, but to listen to it, all she's trying to do is to show how she can be a Christian, a church girl, but also still live like the world and there should not be any shame at that. She would rather promote that as a matter of fact. Again, when do you hear her speak about Jesus? You don't, but she wants to defend herself the way she acts, the way she is, the things that she likes, but she will not defend the gospel, she will not defend the Bible. To the contrary, what she will do is say blasphemous things about the Bible. Fasted for 60 days, wore white, abstained from mirrors, abstained from sex, I levitated to the basement, confessed my sins and was baptized in a river, got on my knees and said amen and said I mean I whipped my own back and asked for dominion at your feet. I crossed myself and thought I saw the devil, I grew thick and skin on my feet, I bathed in bleach and plugged my menses with pages from the holy book, I bathed in bleach and plugged my menses with pages from the holy book, I bathed in bleach and plugged my menses with pages from the holy book. In this video or poem, whatever it is called denial, the things that she said about plugging herself during her cycle with the pages of the scriptures, would she ever say that about the Quran? Well, the obvious answer is no, because one she respects the other she doesn't. What both of these women have in common is that they either have not been shared the true authentic gospel or they've decided to fashion a gospel of their own. Oprah would have you believe that she is a Christian, however she is not going to force her Christianity on you. As a matter of fact, if you're a Muslim, a Hindu, a Buddhist, what have you, your faith is also just as acceptable because there are many pasts and that's what she wants to get across that however you're living, as long as you're doing good, you're okay. Why? Because to her, just like Beyonce, as long as I'm doing good, good in their eyes, then I'm okay. And if I know that you think that I'm okay, I'll make myself feel like I'm okay, and I'm going to make it be true. And we're living in a country now where so many people have been raised or were raised under doctrine and dogma and they feel so beaten down by the guilt and the punishing wrathful God that when they hear religious speak or the word spirituality, there's an immediate connection to all of that for which for them has been negative. The most important thing to them is to have their image at a high level. Why? Because of how it makes them feel when it comes to the world. Why it's dangerous to embrace what they're doing is because you're going to want to be like them. And James has a warning for us all if you are trying to live like Beyonce or Oprah, not saying that you'll attain the level of success in terms of the entertainment industry or business. No, but just in the way we live, is there anything about them that we are emulating? Is this desire to be something, to be somebody to gain some things that's a problem? James puts it this way. He says, what causes quarrels and what causes fights among you? Is it not this that your passions are at war within you? This desire to be special, this desire to be great, that ends up becoming a problem. James also goes on to say this, you desire and do not have. So you murder, you covet and you cannot obtain. So you fight and quarrel. You do not have because you do not ask. His point is the things that you search for, the things that you want, you don't get it until you try all sorts of drastic means. You may degrade yourself in a way if you know that it's going to result or end up in you possibly getting closer to your goal. And if the ends justify the means, and once I get to that end, then I'll turn around and say the means got me there. That was no big deal. My own path is my truth and it's just as valid as what the Bible says. James goes on to call them an adulterous generation. Anyone like them, they are adulterous in the way that they will claim to be a believer, claim to be a Christian, but secretly or even in this case publicly date and have relationships with the world. And he says, do you not know that being friends with the world is enmity with God? Well, no one wants to be an enemy with God, which is why they'll go out of their way to make sure that they have friends of the world. Also, people who will tell you that what they're doing isn't wrong, that there are different ways to be holy, godly. And oh, by the way, no one can judge me. What is important is that you cannot serve to masters. You cannot live for the world and live for God. Jesus says that you'll hate one or despise if there's no way that you could serve the world or money and God. It cannot be done. And so they'll do things that will make them appear to seem like they're godly. But Paul tells us about these people who are swirling with conceit lovers of money. He says they have a form of godliness, but deny the power. They want you to seem as though they are godly. They'll tell you that.  They're putting on this appearance of godliness and to those who aren't into the book, to them that might be a lurid. Here's a person who looks like a Christian, who says they're a Christian, their view of a Christian, but really are not. And what gets their attention is how they look, because it's appealing to them. The glamour, the money, the fame, the attention, the branding and who doesn't want to be loved. God is real and God lives inside of me and inside of all of us. Like right now, I'm hot. You know, it's a tingling. It's like it's love. So the danger in their Christianity is they seek to be loved by the world rather than to be loved by God and then in turn also to love God. Be careful that you don't fall into the trap of emulating them. If anything about you looks like them, if anything that comes out of your mouth sounds familiar, sounds like something that Oprah has said or that Beyonce has said. That form of Christianity, guys, is not Christianity at all. Unfortunately, that type of Christianity, again, not Christianity, but that brand of thinking is growing. It's becoming more and more popular in the world. No matter how many times we expose it, no matter how many times we say it, you just be careful. Be diligent to make sure that you don't find yourself being trapped in that, that you don't find yourself in agreement with what they're saying, that you don't find yourself affirming their beliefs. After all, these are people who affirm the world. I'm hopeful that his struggle served to open pathways for other young people to live more freely. LGBTQI rights are human rights. So if the things that bother God don't bother you and the things that please God don't please you, well then there's a key indication that you are not a believer. Unlike Beyonce, unlike Oprah, no matter how many times they tell us, no matter how much, how many albums they make, how many shows they produce, they are not Christians. Why? Because, well, one, again, when do they promote the gospel, when is Jesus spoken of favorably, if it all coming out of their mouth? Make sure that you walk certain, Specters Paul says, redeem the time. Make sure that your focus is on Christ and not the world.


Hi everyone, I'm Kumavis. I founded MetaMask with Dan Finley and now I run the security research team at MetaMask. Today's talk is the attacker is inside. JavaScript supply chain security and love mode. So yeah, love mode. This is what I've been spending the past couple of years working on. First and foremost, it is a set of security tools for any JavaScript application to mitigate software supply chain risks. So what is the software supply chain? It's everything that touches an application or plays a role in its development. Sonatype has a cool website. It's a timeline of supply chain attacks. You can scroll through it and see how many they are. And a lot of them are from Python and Rust, but a good 50% are from MPM. They're from the JavaScript ecosystem. So why is JavaScript supply chain targeted so frequently? Primarily because it's really popular. This is from the Stack Overflow user survey. And for self-described professional developers, JavaScript is way at the top. And there's TypeScript and Node.js not far behind. So when we're talking about JavaScript supply chain, we're primarily talking about MPM dependencies. So this is your apps dependencies, your dependencies dependencies, your build systems dependencies, any other tools you might be using. You might think that these are your dependencies, just the dependencies listed in package.js on your app. But that's just like an inner ring around your application in part of a constellation of your whole dependency graph. So that's why there's so many Node modules in the Node modules directory. Okay, so to understand what it looks like when it goes wrong, let's look at the copay wallet hack. Copay wallet was a Bitcoin wallet by BitPay. And this is my primary case study for designing lava mode. So at the time, at the end of 2018, the copay wallet hack, also known as the event stream incident, made a lot of news. An attacker got control of a dependency that was used in a Bitcoin wallet, deployed a targeted attack against that wallet, and stole private keys and digital assets from the users of that wallet. And it was, I think, three versions of the wallet that had the attack in it were published. So they didn't even know it was in there for a while. Okay, so let's look at the build pipeline to understand how it got in there. Now, so this is a non-custodial wallet. So the keys are in the user's application only. They're not on the server or something like this. So the attack happened here at runtime. That's where the secrets were. That's where the private keys were. But the evil dependency wasn't even part of the front-end application. It was part of their build system. So it actually entered in here, and then it went on the disk during build time and modified a dependency that ended up in the web app. It could have also happened here at the dependency install time. NPM has life cycle scripts, so after you install a package, it gets a chance to just run any command on your computer to finish up its install process or whatever. So Jackson Palmer of Dogecoin said, BitPay essentially trusted all the upstream developers to never inject malicious code into their wallet, upstream developers being the dependency developers in this case. And yeah, he's right. And it sounds pretty scary when you say it in these terms. And was BitPay being particularly unsafe? Well, this is how we make all JavaScript applications today and most wallets. Not MetaMask. So when this attack happened, there was all this discussion. How do we fix this? Should we never use dependencies? Are we giving up on open source and collaboration? What about don't roll your own crypto? How does that fit in? Audit all your dependencies always? Yeah, that's a great idea. But how many dependencies do you have? Hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands? And when you need to make a change, are you going to be able to wait and re-audit all those things? So is there nothing else? What else do we have here? So around this time, I met Agorik and learned of their EndoJS hard-end JavaScript toolset. So these are tools for working with untrusted JavaScript. And in the core of it, they have this package called SAS. And it gives you a couple of things for dealing with untrusted JavaScript. So there's a couple of things about JavaScript that make it easy to attack. One is everything is mutable by default. All the built-in functionality and everything. So you can just go in and modify array prototype and map and change the way JavaScript works. This can also give you access to objects that are being used like on the complete other side of the application of where you got your attack in. So you want to lock this down. And conveniently, SAS provides a function called lockdown that does exactly this. By calling lockdown, you're doing what's shown here at the bottom of the screen, basically calling object freeze on all the prototypes, all the built-in parts of JavaScript. Okay, that was simple enough. All right, there's this other problem called ambient authority. This means simply by being able to run some JavaScript, you get access to all the powers of that platform, network access or disk access. So say I have some little package. I'm an attacker. I've gotten a hold of some package that's deployed in my victim's code. Now, this package doesn't do very much. It's just formatting strings. But because of ambient authority, I have access to fetch, to network access. I have access to environment variables, and I can send them home to my evil heir. And maybe there's some API keys or something in there. Just because I get to provide a little bit of code, I get to have all powers of the platform. And that's quite dangerous. So SAS provides this notion of a compartment. It puts a little container around the JavaScript and limits access to what that code can modify. So for example, if I have some code that needs to make network requests and it needs to know the current location of the web app and the web browser or something, I can give it just those things and not give it disk access or other powerful features of the web browser. And then I can run my code in here, and it will only get access to those things, as well as the basic JavaScript functionality. You don't need to know the internals, but I think it's really fascinating. I've been working with JavaScript for a long time before I saw how this works, and I didn't think it was possible. So let's take a look. It relies on two weird parts of JavaScript that you may not be familiar with. One is the with statement. With the with statement, first you have an object, it has some properties on it, and you have the with keyword, and then you put the object as the target of the with keyword. Then you have this block. Inside the block, all the properties on the object can be accessed as if they were variables in scope. Well, there it is. It's not particularly interesting, but that's what the with statement does. The next piece is the proxy. If you're familiar with getters and setters properties, it's like that for the whole object and any operation on that object. You get various handlers to intercept what those things do. Now by combining these two things with the with statement and then a proxy in here, we control all the scope access inside this block. So you have your untrusted code here. It's trying to get network access with fetch. It'll look it up here. It'll go to the proxy.  Another way to write this, which is easier to audit, it may be easier to think about, is with two statements. One here, the inner one, you put the untrusted code here. It's trying to look up fetch. It'll look up inside this object first, and that's the object we gave to the compartment when we said you should have access to these things and these things only. If it's in there, it'll just get it. It'll get whatever value you gave it. If it's not in there, it'll go up to the scope terminator, and that thing just always says no, you don't get it. There's a couple more things you need to make it safe, but you don't really need to think about the implementation. You can just use this API. Okay, so SES gives us lockdown and compartment. And I compose these in LavaMode. LavaMode wraps packages inside of compartments and only gives them what they need to run. So that little string formatting package we had before, it won't have access to network, and it won't have access to disk and other powerful features. How you use it, sorry, it's a little small. It's kind of like this. Previously, you might have run node index for your little server. You replace that with LavaMode index, but first you put this right auto policy API and that will generate a policy file of what the packages are allowed to use. And then you just replace node with LavaMode and run normally, and it will at runtime enforce those packages only get what they need. The policy looks something like this. This is a policy for one package.  This is all automatically generated and it works 99% of the time without any additional changes. Here in the built-ins, these are built-in packages provided from node. We're giving them just exactly what they need. For example, we're giving it just read access from the file system and not write access or anything else. Also giving some global variable access and they're only allowed to import these packages. So that's just an example. But in order to help you review your policy, we have this visualization dashboard. So there's the list of your dependencies on the left and a graph of your dependencies on the right. The purple node is our application here, our example application. And then all of these, this graph coming out of it are all the dependencies and the transitive dependencies. And you can dig in and take a look at what these packages are and what their policy is. And the point of this is to help you prioritize the auditing of your dependencies and review your policy. Because remember, without LavaMode, this is what your app looks like. Every single package is maximally dangerous. Whereas with LavaMode, we know that some of these are safe. All these green ones, for example, are not importing any globals or any built-ins. They're only composing other packages. This was a static version in case the internet didn't work. Okay, so here's the build pipeline again.  So we have in LavaMode tools for each of these steps. For depths install, we have LavaMode allow scripts. This will prevent all these dependencies from being able to run a random command on your computer when you install them. And then you can opt into just the ones you want. At build time, you want to run your build process in LavaMode node and you want to add to your build process a plugin for your bundler. So we have one for Browserify, we're working on one for Webpack, for React Native, and SWC. So this is in production in MetaMask. We're protecting tens of millions of users now. So we know this can scale and you can use it too. But we do need your help. It's open source, it's free, it's out there. Find it on GitHub, try it out, let us know if it works. If you're running to a bug, open an issue. If we don't have a plugin for your bundler, let us know. And maybe you can help us with that. Okay, thank you very much. This has been LavaMode. Thank you. Does anyone have any questions? So I actually worked at BitPay on a different team. Oh, cool. It's overlapping the time of the co-pay hack. And yeah, like you said, it's not necessarily that that company had bad processes. It's sort of that the whole ecosystem doesn't really have a good solution. Since that time, not only at that company did no one really talk about LavaMode. I mean, I brought it up because I was aware of it at the time. But externally, any side projects I've been on, I've really never had anyone propose using it. So do you think there's something not at the technical level, but at the social level that we should be doing to make this a more common part of stacks, either across the board or when we're working on applications that deal with private keys specifically? Yeah, great question. So what processes should we put in place? What tools are out there? There's a lot of projects that are working on preventative measures, like CI flows that warn you if there's known vulnerabilities or some code scanning to see if there's something funny looking like eval. And those are great and fantastic, and you can use them in conjunction here. Like one example is socket.dev. That's a friend's company and they're doing great scanning work, but it's all preventative at the beginning. That's not the way the security of your operating system works, right? It's making sure that all your applications are safe. I mean, I was very surprised that no one else was working on runtime protections besides the Algorik folks, which we partner on building LavaMoot. Yeah, I think more people need to just know that there's a solution that exists and you can actually do something about this. Hi. So I had a question about the auto policy generation. Can you explain the logic behind that a little bit? Yeah. We are using static analysis here for convenience and not for the security layer. Static analysis can be faulty. It'll miss things and it's generally imperfect. But here we use it to generate the policy so you don't have to write it all by hand.  But yeah, basically what it's doing is you give it your entry point. It's walking through all the requires and imports and walking through your graph. It converts the code to an AST. It looks and analyzes it for references, sees when there's global references, sees when there's imports. And it'll actually follow the imports to where they're used so it can give you just the minimal things that you need, like only using the read power of the file system instead of the write power, for example. I was wondering if you can talk a little bit about the limitations of LavaMoot. Specifically, even if you grant access to a specific function or feature to a package, they can still, I guess, use that feature in a malicious way. Yeah, I was wondering what else we should watch out for even if we use LavaMoot. Yeah, absolutely. So it will look at your modules and generate a policy. And if it sees that network access is used there, it'll put that in the policy. But if it's something that's not supposed to have network access, then we rely on the user, the security engineer, to catch that. Now, it's most likely you don't have a supply chain attack in your app right now, but you might have one in the future. So every time you change your dependencies, you can just run that thing, generate a new policy, and you'll see the diff of your policy, and that's a lot less to review. Some other things, there is a slight performance impact for Compute, but if you're relying on network or disk, which is usually what you're bound when you're computing, then it doesn't make a difference for you. It is very cool how you solve the problem with running insecure code with the width and the proxy. And I was wondering if there is any difference with doing it with a web worker. A web worker? Yeah, you can use iframes and web workers, and you can use on Node.js, you can use the VM package, but what those create are what we call realms. See, I actually have a slide for it. It does work, but it's not very good for backwards compatibility. Yes, when you use... Oh, I'm not up on the screen. We have a lot of jargon when we're talking about this JavaScript language security stuff, but we use this term realm to refer to like a window frame, and so an iframe is another realm. And they're different in a couple of subtle ways. One is inside of the VM or the iframe or the web worker, capital A array is not the same as the capital A array on the outside. We call this problem the identity discontinuity problem, and it breaks things like instance of. So an array from the inside is not an instance of array on the outside. And so this is fine, you can deal with this problem, but it is really bad for backwards compatibility, and that was a primary requirement for LavaMote, because this was not built into men of us from the beginning. I built it afterwards and rewriting the app from scratch was not an option. Currently, there is a proposal in ECMAT EC32, 39, sorry, to introduce compartments natively in JavaScript. I would like to know if you guys are behind that proposal and what do you think about the current state? Yeah, great. So, yeah, we're trying to take some of the things that we built here, like the compartment API, and actually get it standardized into the JavaScript language at the TC39 JavaScript standards body. I'm not up to date on what the status is, but it seems to be finding its way in via the loader API so that when you load modules, you load them in a special compartment. Thanks for your talk. I would like to ask if you can share some supply chain attacks that might have actually been detected at MetaMask since you started using it? Great question. We have not detected any supply chain attacks. The day-to-day battles at MetaMask are primarily phishing, but the problem with the supply chain attack is even if it's more rare, less common, it could take down the whole wallet, and that's why this protective system is so important. I think we have time for another question. Yeah. My name is Ruheli Morel from Terion Swarm. My question for you is why not use QuickJS with Wasam engines instead of the CEST, Prunagoric? Were you asking about Wasam modules? Yeah, why not use QuickJS with any Wasam engine compatibility? I didn't catch the whole question, but Wasam modules have been designed to be sort of self-contained and not have ambient authority, not have access by default to network and disk. So that is fantastic. I'm so glad they designed those things that way. Blockchain companies use some Wasam engines that have some special add-ons that you can enable networking and file system access. Sorry, I couldn't understand the question. Sorry, so there were some engines in the market that support add-ons that give you a connection to TensorFlow file system and networking? I heard some cool things like TensorFlow in there, but I still can't make out the whole question. Maybe you could ask someone next to you to repeat it for whatever reason I'm not able to hear it. I don't know if I've got a butcher question, but I'm a bit closer. He was asking about inside Wasam or the Wasam connections. Are there any connections to TensorFlow? Or what's the last one? File system or networking? All three. Oh, yes. Okay, so how do Wasam modules connect to the powers they need like disk access and network access? Great question. So much like with the compartments, you have to pass them in and make them accessible on the like foreign function list that you exposed to the Wasam. I'm not a Wasam expert, so I can't answer perfectly, but you do have to, you know, go in and put them there. They don't get it by default. I have a follow-up question. Well, not directly related, but we were hacking on snaps over the weekend and I was just wondering like the interface in which lava mode interacts with SES and that JavaScript engine. Because, no, I mean, just on the high level, I was having a hard time differentiating where lava mode ended and SES started. Yeah, great question. So we have these compartments from SES. SES is giving us primarily lockdown and compartments. There's a few other features I didn't cover today. And then I in lava mode composed those by putting the compartments around the packages. You also mentioned metamask snaps. This is a plug-in system we're building for metamask to extend the functionality and create new user experiences for metamask. But because we're putting outside code inside the wallet, we have to make sure it's safe. And so we're also using SES compartments to limit their powers like limiting network access, et cetera. Thank you so much. Thank you.


So I joined the Army thinking that I was kind of good at this whole land thing, also because I can't really swim. But in the words of the American philosopher, all right, all right, all right. You got to learn today. And I'm not the only one. Combat water survival test pits soldiers against the element. That element is combat water, also known as keelor pool. I figured that was going to be pretty simple, and then as soon as you get in there swimming in ACUs, you've got a lot more drag. The water starts filling up in your pockets and actually it flows you down quite a bit. Specialist Daniel Bowser is one of the soldiers from 338's headquarters troop who took part in the training.  Now get this, blind folded. As much as we intend to beat the Navy at everything, swimming isn't everyone's cup of... chlorine. Even if you can't swim with the weapon, you should be able to swim at least to get to safety, not just panic and freeze up and, you know, be a liability. Right, please. There you go. Well, it seems I have a lot more practice than I do, so I'm just going to keep on trying. And from the 20th public affairs, I'm Army Sergeant Frank Brown.


Projection of Lines, myself Mr. S. P. Mankani, assistant professor, department of mechanical engineering, wall change institute of technology. At the end of this lecture students will be able to solve problems on projection of lines inclined to any given plane. So now the given problem line AB 75 millimeter long and 45 degree inclination with VP and its front tube makes 55 degree with HP and A is 10 millimeter above the HP and 15 millimeter in front of the VP. Find its inclination with HP. So first work is always you start with the XY line. After drawing the XY line you are expected to see the given dimension of a position of a point A. Point A is 10 millimeter above the HP and 15 millimeter in front of the VP. In this case you have studied the detail so 10 millimeter above the XY line and 15 millimeter below the XY line. Position of the point above the horizontal reference plane and position of the point in front of the vertical plane. You are going to be locating this as a A dash mark and this as a A mark. So now this is a 45 degree angle he has given 45 degree inclination with the VP the first line 45 degree inclination with the VP just by keeping A as a position with the protractor you have to draw this as angle as a 45 degree in the downward direction and this is 45 degree angle you have taken. The length is given as 75 millimeter 75 millimeter length is given you take it from this particular point as a position from this particular point to draw this extended line as 75 millimeter that is a location of a B1 point similarly you go it in the front tube side next. So now the same procedure you are going to bring this point in the upward direction wherever it will cut the locus of this A point locus of this A point that gives the A dash and this up to this particular point it gives the front view length of a line keeping this A as a position and you are going to take it as the given angle as the 55 degree angle given angle as 55 degree angle just you are going to draw this as a line. So now here you think it as the given angle 55 degree angle 55 degree with HP that is a front view is making an angle he has given front view is making an angle means here this angle is not a true inclination it is a apparent inclination that is the reason you are going to be taken this angle with the front view directly here. So now just you are drawn this as a line in the upward direction then keep the compass here take it this position draw the arc toward this direction which is a 55 degree angle line angle it is going to cut somewhere here draw the arc it will cut this particular point. So now this is A dash and B dash that gives the front view length A dash and B dash that gives the front view length same as this length then you draw this locus of this particular point B locus of this particular point B similarly whatever the locus point is here ok procedure is exactly similar to the previous problem. So now you are drawn this as a locus of this particular point. So now this one is 75 millimeter given in the problem keep the compass here take it 75 millimeter length then you cut it this particularly locus of B point. So wherever it will cut that gives the B1 dash B1 dash ok this point is A dash B1 dash is the true length is the true length and whatever this angle is there what is this angle this angle is theta you have to measure by keeping the protect here and whatever the angle is you are going to get it that is expected in the problem inclination with HP find it is inclination with HP this is the expected in the problem. Ok so now bring this particularly B1 dash point in the downward direction it is going to cut the locus of B1 locus of B1. So this projection you are going to bringing it in the downward direction with the intention that to get the A and B that is a top view A and B as a top view ok you are going to join this as a A B point B as the top view length top view length of the line even you can bring it in the similar way you can bring it by keeping this point as a reference point and this particular point as a B1 point bring it in the downward direction. So it will come up to this particularly point ok. So you bring it in the downward direction wherever this position of this A comes so that locus point wherever it will cut keep that as a reference point keep this compass here and take it this length and you draw the arc you will get it the same point you will get the same point either you can get it directly from here or you can bring this projector in the downward direction by keeping this point here and you rotate it you will get this as a top view length. So this is a front view length and top view length you are expected to draw this front view length as well as a top view length as a dark line and this true length in the front view as well as true length in the top view as you are going to draw this as a medium thickness rest of all the lines you are going to draw it as a construction work that is a thin lines so now we are going with the one more problem. So here front view of a line AB is 50 degree inclined to XY and measures 55 millimeter long while its top view is 60 degree inclined with XY line. So here just to think it what exactly this 50 degree and what exactly this 60 degree what is this 50 degree and what is this 60 degree so here if you read the problem front view of a line AB is 50 degree inclined to XY line means front view of a line AB means this is a apparent inclination you are going to be deciding with the base on this particular word as if the given angle is a apparent inclination means 50 degree with the XY line and that is a front view line is making an angle of 50 degree means it comes where exactly it comes above the XY line or below the XY line it is a apparent angle it comes front view line AB with XY line it comes as a above the XY line and the 60 degree angle comes below the XY line if the end point A is 10 millimeter above the HP and 15 millimeter in front of the VP so where exactly these points are coming if you are going to draw this as a XY line here if you are going to draw this XY line here where exactly the location of this particular point 10 millimeter and 15 millimeter will come point A 10 millimeter above the horizontal reference plane means you have to measure the XY line from XY line 10 millimeter above and 10 15 millimeter below so that you are going to locate the point so now you have to conclude this one with the solution so what exactly are located now position of A you have taken 10 millimeter above the horizontal plane and 50 millimeter below the reference line XY that is in front of the vertical plane okay this is 50 degree as he has given 50 degree and similarly are expected to draw here also this is the reference point you have taken draw the reference point this is locus of B point then keep the compass here and you are going to getting this particular laser on this locus now you can refer the rest of the problem step by step thank you


Hello and welcome to interview. I am Fenel Neptune. In today's program, we will discuss livestock butchering and the meat inspection process. And with me to discuss this topic is Senior Environmental Health Officer for Food Safety, Eunice Pierre, and also Senior Agricultural Officer, Columbus, Philippines. Welcome to the program. Thank you very much. When it comes to butchering of animals and the selling of meat, there is a process. Can you tell us what is the role of the Ministry of Agriculture and also the Environmental Health Division in this process? The role of the Ministry of Agriculture is to ensure that all animals destined for slaughter receive an anti-mortem inspection. At that anti-mortem inspection, animals are passed or restricted from slaughter. Hence, you have a safe animal that is destined for slaughter and you end up with a safer meat for consumption. Basically, the role of the Ministry of Health is to ensure that meat that is destined for sale is fit for human consumption, that that meat is wholesome, that it is free from disease and that it is also handled and sold under sanitary conditions. Wonderful. And of course, the first part of the process is the anti-mortem inspection, which is conducted by Ministry of Agriculture. Can you tell us a little more about this process? This process entails physical examination of the animal, both at rest and in motion. We look for abnormalities in the breathing, that's respiration, in the structure and conformity of the animal, abnormalities in the odor of the animal and animals supposed to smell like a cow in other words. Abnormalities in the gait, that's how they walk, in posture, how they stand, and that's what we look for. And whenever these abnormalities are detected, then those animals are bad from entering the slaughterhouse. Okay, so if it's a situation where the animal doesn't seem fit for slaughter, then they would not be allowed to? They would not be allowed to enter a slaughterhouse or they'll deem unfit for slaughter and they'll be dealt with accordingly. For example, they might be retained and then treated if the disease or the conditions require treatment. Okay, and what is the time frame for this anti-mortem inspection? An anti-mortem inspection should take place within 24 hours before slaughter and if 24 hours have expired and that slaughter doesn't take place, then another anti-mortem has to be performed again. So in essence, it's valid for only 24 hours. Okay, so then it must be done within the 24 hours. Okay, so it means that if it's not done within the 24 hours, then it means that they would have to wait until it's done. Again, yeah, so another request is put, then another anti-mortem inspection is done and you clear to slaughter again. Okay, and we will touch a little bit more about the, in terms of the butcher and what is required, but I wanted Mr. Pierre to tell us a little more about the meat inspection process. What is the purpose of this inspection after the whole anti-mortem inspection? In keeping with the slaughterhouse regulation and the Public Health Act, the Ministry has a responsibility, Ministry of Health has a responsibility to ensure that meat that is being sold to the public is in fact wholesome. Coming out of that process which Mr. Philippi has outlined, once an animal has passed an anti-mortem and that animal proceed to slaughter, that animal of course is tagged as well and we will start with the documents. As part of that inspection process, that document that comes from the anti-mortem and Mr. Philippi will elaborate a little more on this, that animal will be tagged and the tag that the animal has would correspond to the documentation that is given. So we will first need to ensure that this animal has gotten an anti-mortem inspection before proceeding to do that post-mortem inspection. And the reason being, as Mr. Philippi has outlined, there are diseases that perhaps you can pick up at anti-mortem that you may not see within a post-mortem inspection. So it therefore means that this animal has been cleared from the anti-mortem and the post-mortem inspection will follow a systematic approach where the officer will go through more or less the lymphatic system of that animal going through all the lymph nodes, going through all the organs and organ systems. They are looking for both physiological and pathological conditions that can render that cacus or the meat rather unfit for consumption. You could have abscesses, you could have parasitic infection. Sometimes even in the absence of disease, as the veterinary division will tell you, we don't have a lot of serious disease here in our animal stock. But sometimes because of the way, and that's why Mr. Philippi has indicated as well, that the anti-mortem needs to take place within 24 hours because that animal needs to be rested properly. And in the absence of that kind of rest, you find you could have excessive blood congestion, you could have other conditions such as aspiration pneumonia that can render the organs like the lungs unfit where you have the feces passing back through it because the animal was either improperly stunned. And when you speak about stunning, we are speaking about techniques that is used to put that animal more or less unconscious. So all of those things are very important. And that is why it is important that the public as well they ensure that the meat that they are purchasing has in fact undergo inspection to ensure that it is fit for human consumption. So I guess that's why it's important that they do it 24 hours before so that way they know for sure the animal is actually fit. The 24 hours window is basically a buffer. So let's say you do the inspection 24 hours before and then that period, that's why if that period has elapsed and you have not conducted that stuttering process, you have to redo the anti-mortem inspection again because 24 hours in the life of an animal is a long time. So anything can manifest itself within that 24 hours. So once that 24 hours has elapsed, then it's mandatory that you do another anti-mortem inspection because anything can manifest itself after that. Okay, great. Well, we are due for a break so we'll be back in a moment. Thank you. We'll be back in a moment. This survey will start from November 2019 and will end in February 2020. If you are selected to participate, a team from the Ministry of Health and the Central Statistics Department will visit your home. You will be asked to answer some questions on your health status and health habits and a nurse will test your blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar. The nurse will also collect some urine to test how well your kidneys work. Your participation will make the difference in improving how chronic conditions are managed in our country. And engage in the change to reverse chronic illnesses. Participate. Welcome back. We are here with Ernie Pierre and Columbus Philippe discussing livestock butchering and meat inspection process. Before we took the break, we were talking in terms of the anti-mortem inspection and we spoke about, briefly Mr. Ernie Pierre also spoke about what are some of the things they look out for when they do the meat inspection. And you mentioned in terms of the lungs and everything else. Can you elaborate a little bit more in terms of what judgment is being made to determine that a certain part of this animal is not fit for consumption? Basically, judgment in terms of meat inspection can be of two types. It can be localized. It can be in terms of disease. You can have disease conditions that are localized. In that instance, you would have partial condemnation. For example, if it is the organ that is found, the liver is found to be bad, that liver can be condemned. If you find a portion of the animal that perhaps has an abscess or excessive bruising, that portion can be condemned. There are conditions as well that are generalized. And generalized conditions, you will have to condemn the entire animal. So if there are no disease conditions, likewise, that animal is passed as fit for human consumption. And once that animal has been passed, or the cacus, rather, is passed or has been fit for human consumption, it is stamped with do-carry stamps, inspector's carry stamp. They will stamp it in a number of places in conspicuous areas where the purchase in public can see. Also, a wholesomeness certificate is in fact issued should that meet be chopped where the person who is making the purchase cannot see that stamp, they can in fact request is there a wholesomeness certificate? There will be a wholesomeness certificate that is issued at all times once that animal has been inspected and passed. So there are localized conditions. It could be parasitic infection and so on, confining itself to a certain organ. And that organ can be condemned. Great. And you mentioned a little bit about the process of the meat inspection. But before I allow you to keep us a little more information about the meat inspection process, I would like Mr. Philippe to tell us what are the requirements, what documents would the butcher require? Before an anti-mortem inspection is carried, the butcher will have to contact the Environmental Health Department to get a license to operate a slaughterhouse. Permit to operate a slaughterhouse. Plus, they will need a butcher's license which is issued by the police. So these are two very important documents that the Veterinary Department will require of the butcher in order to conduct the anti-mortem inspection. Okay, and I guess with those documents, that's what we come in now with the environment coming on site. So can you tell us a little more about the process and what are those documents that you would be looking out for? Okay, basically, when a butcher decides to slaughter, they would visit our offices in Badawange or Souffre of Euphot to make a declaration that they are going to slaughter. The butcher and helpers or persons that will be taken part in that slaughtering process will have to have health certificates. It is a requirement by law that they have those health certificates. Once those health certificates are in place, the inspectors also will inspect the area where that slaughter facility is, where they will be doing the butchering. For now, we would ask that at least they have portable running water. They have a slaughter slab. They have a superstructure. Even if it's not a full-fledged abattoir, but they have a place where that operation can be carried out under sanitary conditions. Once that is done, they would in fact pay a fee, which they would be issued a receipt. That receipt, as Mr. Philippi mentioned, they would also have to make a declaration with the police. Upon getting that receipt, they would bring it to the police to see that they have had approval and clearance from help. They would make a declaration to the police to see what animals they have, where they obtain it, the receipts of purchase, for pre-Dial as any reasons, and the police would issue what is the butcher's license. That would coincide and that flow of process would go right into the anti-mortem inspection, as Mr. Philippi has mentioned. Wonderful. And we're almost out of time. If you could tell us quickly, what message would you like to send out to St. Lucian's? Basically, St. Lucian's need to ensure that when they are purchasing products, meat products, as we have mentioned, that it is inspected, that they can see the stamp. And if the stamp is not there and they still want to inquire, they should ask of the butcher for the certificate of wholesomeness to ensure that the products are in fact wholesome that they are purchasing. Thank you so much. Well, we have come to the end of our discussion for today. I want to thank you so much for being part of our program. It was definitely a pleasure having you here. Thank you. I want to thank you so much once again. I am Fenel Neptune on behalf of the entire team. Thank you for watching. Until next time.


Hi there, it's DJB, and in this video I'm going to be reviewing my old customs. Back when I was a teenager, I was involved in model horses for a little while, but not to any extreme extent. It was just pretty basic customizing, and I actually found an old flash drive that has a bunch of photos of these really old customs, so I thought it would be fun to go through them. I just want to show you that everyone starts somewhere. These are some of my very first works. The first guy that I have is this little bay stablemate. So you can see like this is really nice grain happening in the texture of the coat. It broke its ear or something. Something broke on it and I wasn't actually able to sell it, but I did try and sell it for a while and it never sold. But I mean look at that really nice goopy neck. That's so cute. We love a goopy neck. Yeah, there's a couple different photos of her here in all her glory and my really good flash photography skills on my bed. I can't say that that's super nice looking. This guy is beautiful. Oh man, that's not okay. Look at the grain. What even happened? It looks like he has hives. This horse had an allergic reaction. I did sell this stablemate. I don't know where he went. I sold him on eBay likely. This hoof is really nice too. That's really good hoof definition. So this model was created with pastels and so back in the day I definitely would have had crappy Walmart pastels and crappy Walmart sealer. I mean it's a good try. The dapples, you know, they're getting there. Oh that grain is not good. This guy I named Million Dollar Masterpiece. Look at the mane. I just painted it on the neck. So this guy actually got an overhaul. So I went from this piece to this piece and basically I just painted over the coat color that was already there and just made it a lot nicer. So you're still seeing some of this grain through there but you can tell that like things are a lot cleaner and neater than they were on this original piece. He's basically yellow. Like this is like a green zombie grew buckskin color happening here. I don't know what I was thinking. This actually wasn't that long ago for me. This was a Giselle that I picked up and I decided that I wanted to customize a briar but like for real and this was what I was going to make of it. So I did it the whole body in pastels and it turned out pretty good. It turned out quite a bit darker than I wanted and quite a bit shinier. Like a lot of the sprays I was using back then were not working well. So her dapples are quite nice in there and then the paint job is actually pretty good considering I didn't have like a fancy Kalinsky paint brush at the time. It was just a whatever paint brush. So eventually this horse was stripped. A body was used to create this horse which clearly looks a lot better. I learned a lot from this paint job but really trying to be good and it just it didn't kind of work out and the paint was very clumpy and blotchy. So I just gave up and stripped her. This little guy actually was one of the ones that I really like and I did like hair by hair roaning details on him. You can kind of see there and he turned out really good. I actually did see this guy model her sales pages not that long ago for resale so he was floating around the model horse community for a while. I did sell him on eBay at one point. So here's like an improv guys studio photo of all of my work. This little pony actually was turned out pretty good. There may be more photos of her. This was a nightmare. This guy I still have it's one of the only first customs that I kept just because I thought it was like pretty decent. She nanned it like her first live show but that's because there was like three entries in the class. So does it really count as nanting? I'm not sure. And these two were stripped because look at that mapping just splotch gray all over and that's call it a day. See this is what I'm telling you everyone could start somewhere and this was my somewhere. Like I thought this was like so good and so unique and like people were gonna pay hundreds of dollars for this horse because it had mapping and this guy was actually pretty cool. I should repaint this color now actually because it was a really cool reference but not a great execution. I'm sorry another classic example of just map that just map it. Just just map it with gray. It's so bad guys. It's so bad. I can't even be proud of this. I'm embarrassed to be showing you this. This is one image that was actually floating around the internet for a really long time because it was a show donation piece. So years ago I had a show in my local town and this was the donation I made for the show and I am surprised they accepted it as a donation. The paint is so so thick. You can see the texture of the paint and you can see the grain that continues to happen. All of my horses have allergies apparently and this was kind of like me trying to do a repeat of that previous custom and I think that we turned out significantly better. I have improved since 2012. I believe this one is 2017. So five years gap this is like the improvement. So like you can start like this. This is what I'm telling you because I started like this and you will get to this. You just have to be a little more patient and a little more meticulous and a better process because this was clearly not working. All right this guy's kind of cool. So this is my second I believe traditional custom and this was on the Esprit mold and this was back when it like came out and I was super excited because this mold was super hot and popular and everybody wanted it and so I said I gotta make a custom of it because I can be rich if I sell my custom work on eBay. So back then I was hustling. He turned out not bad. Done completely in pastels. You can see my attempt at making some dabbling in there that didn't work very well. Pretty basic chestnuts happening here. Pretty basic hooves happening. Trying to have some mapping on those markings so like not terrible. I had some knowledge. The tail had some definition in it and I did actually re-sculpt his nose. Gave him more flaring nostrils which are not anatomically correct in any way and I bent this leg for whatever reason because I wanted to. I felt the need to bend his leg and like I remember this dent in his butt and I was like this doesn't look that great but I'm just gonna go with it and I was too far in like the prepping phase and the painting phase to correct it so I just left it and like you can tell I used a kneaded eraser for that and I just like smashed it. This guy sold on eBay years ago. I don't know what happened to him. I thought he was cool. I think he did sell for like 80 to 100 dollars back in the day but definitely not an amazing piece of work but not a terrible. Like there's good things happening here. I was really trying for shading and I think that that worked and honestly I haven't painted a lot of chestnut since so I couldn't really tell you that I've improved in the chestnut department. Fritz! I loved Fritz and no one liked him. Oh Fritz. He was a cute little bay paint horse terribly executed. You can see that there is color coming through those paint markings and they are not opaque in any way and I was doing like the whole thing where you put a name with the model and then they sell for more because like Jamie Baker was doing that at the time and her work was selling for three grand so I thought well my work must be worth the same if you put a name on it. I mean this face marking is not bad. Like this custom was not bad. He was just not appealing to the general public. Since then he has been chopped into a bunch of pieces. This was one of my very first, it actually was my very first traditional customs. I don't mind this custom. I think she's pretty decent. I recently did sell her though because I just wanted her out of the house. She was in the way.  I named her Hollywood Dreamer. She won at a photo show. She wasn't a bad custom and she's got good things happening like the color is very soft. It's very smooth. Her like textures were very smooth. There's nothing wrong with her but her face marking was so splotchy. It was so thick and lumpy. 2010 paint job so this is good 10 years ago back when I was just dabbling but all done with pastels. This guy I apparently only have one photo of. I can't remember what I called him. It was something weird. I don't even know what color I was going for. I think it was supposed to be sooty palomino and it turned into a sooty something but he won like overall custom reserve champion in a photo show apparently. So I used to make these ribbons actually. If my horses won in a photo show and there was no awards I would make my own ribbons because I was that psycho and if they didn't give ribbons I would print these and I would use my parents entire printer ink cartridge printing photo show ribbons for my horses that won things. Now his dapples were horrible. They were like reverse dapples. They were darker than the rest of his body.  This was like my one of my first drastic. You can just tell that I just lopped that leg off and just stuck it underneath and was like yeah he's laying down now. So he was a mash of different models. So this is obviously like the Arabian body. I don't know where this leg came from. I think it was a Tennessee walking horse leg. All the legs were from different horses and this was my Rabacano amazing hair by hair detailed paint job that is much out of scale. I think he turned out kind of cool like there was nothing wrong with how he turned out. He just was early and not well executed. Oh there's a bigger picture of him. Look at that hair detail. Yes. I haven't done a Rabacano since just even the hooves. I wasn't very patient with models so I never really finished very many that's why this album is quite small. Oh look there's another one of my 2012. I tried to sell him clearly and he did not sell. Oh god. Don't look. Don't look. Don't look. I page your eyes. I don't know. I'm sorry. I'm really really sorry. This is a micro that I tried to customize or something and then tried to paint and then took a picture of because I was proud of. I don't know. This is where we're at now with the same scale. So we're doing better. We're doing way better because this is concerning for my reputation. It's so lumpy and this main is just like I took a hard tool and I just mashed the crap out of it. Just mashed it. I mean this wasn't finished. This was like a work in progress but you don't even need to work in progress this. You just need to throw this away and I think I did actually. Okay moving on. So this is actually one of my customs that I liked. I liked it. It's not well executed. I photographed it with a ton of little hairs all over it and you can see the paintbrush was not making nice round spots and these spots are not opaque but we tried. It's an oracle. We can tell that it's an apple loose an oracle and that's all that matters. Whoo! Not good. Not cute. Not cute at all. No, no, no. Don't delete this file. We need this file. She actually sold on eBay. I think she only sold for like 20 bucks or something but that was a lot for me for a stablemate that I paid like a dollar for. I remember I freaked out because I saw this horse in a limited edition gal YouTube video who is now Kingston Studios on Instagram and I freaked out because I was like oh my god my customs is famous. They're in these grand shows but I never heard if this horse placed or anything and apparently people have seen this horse in the show circuit. We improve. It just takes like 10 years. This guy was really cool.  Like I will not paint Carmelo so don't ask me for a Carmelo commission because I will decline it.   It's just I don't find it appealing but this guy I made Carmelo and I remember he sold for $80 on model horse sales pages and I lost my mind because I was like this horse was like this small and someone paid $80 for it and I just sculpt some fake roses and put it in his hair and they wanted him. It's a really neat idea and I actually want to redo this.  I did a good job. As a beginner person I did a good job. You can tell that the paint slipped in the rose but and that is all folks. That is all my past revelations. So you can get from this place to this place and if we look at like the properties of this photo this is 2011. So this is like nine years ago and today like I'm painting a lot better. So I think what comes into play a lot of the time is actually just maturity. As you mature your brain gets better at mimicking photographs and obviously your technique improves as well and just practicing a lot. So like this was when I was just kind of dabbling in it. I was not serious about model horse customizing in any way but I was very serious in traditional art so it came okay to me but it definitely wasn't anything spectacular. Now obviously I'm more dedicated and it's really showing in my work and I'm getting kind of a lot better and I'm still learning things and I still have technique problems but in general like I would definitely buy this piece over this piece. I think anyone would so and don't get discouraged. Like this takes time and it takes a lot of practice. So this guy was like one of the very first ones and this guy was one of my very first ones back into the hobby. So she is like not amazing there's definitely a better consistency in the paint a better coverage in the paint. The like body isn't amazing still the pastel is not working great. The hooves are a lot more detailed and like she has personality in her face like this I feel like is like I'm trying to paint but it's not going well. This is like okay I'm trying to paint seriously here guys like believe me this is an actual horse there but a lot of my very first ones even getting back and started were not great. Like this guy isn't super great either. I was trying to do really fancy Sabino markings and they were sort of fancy but like not amazing still right. So it takes time and stablemates are great because you can do so many of them at once and you'll just get better like here this dappling is starting to get better the markings are starting to get more intricate and we're learning more as we go here eventually like this was what I got to where it's like this is starting to look like a real horse right and these details are in scale and the hairs are really small so it makes a lot of sense and so I've only been back in the hobby for about three years now and just in that three years time my work has improved immensely. Three years ago and this is like now so this is like one of my most recent Tobiano similar color customs so I hope you have enjoyed seeing like where I started from because I find that really fascinating and some of my embarrassing embarrassing works so thank you so much for watching feel free to subscribe and like this video for more weekly Wednesday content.


Now that we've seen the controllable gun I want to just give you a few examples of alternatives. Now for example people have been building GANs that take as an extra input text input. Now if you think about it it's exactly the same problem like we can phrase it the same way. The text input gives me effectively I can have a classifier that tells me what kind of content is in something and I can then use this kind of ideas to steer a GAN to produce the right things. How does it work? Again we're basically adding a descriptor of the text to the input of the GAN and of course equally to the input of the discriminator. Here's an example where they used GAN where they used labeled image data where they can say well what if we have labels for the areas maybe we have a label for river or label for waterfall and things like that and then I also use that as input. This is what you can see here. What's the structure? Again same basic idea that we have this extra input that we get from a classifier that otherwise can segment the image for us. Now here's an idea another idea that's like tricks in this space that is sufficiently useful that I want you to apply it here. So these are cycle GANs. So what's the idea of a cycle GAN? We have photos and we have paintings of Monet. Wouldn't it be cool if we could convert Monet paintings into photos and vice versa? Wouldn't it be cool if we could take photos in summer, produce photos in winter or the other way around? Well here's a training idea. Now you can say I start with one image which is a real Monet painting. I produce a fake image out of it, a fake photo out of it and then I take this and I transfer it back. Now if my process works the right way and I have that translation from Monet to real photograph then these two images should be the same. Now this is of course super cool because it gives us extra training data. Equally we could start with a photo and go from the photo to the images back to photos they should be the same. So we can in the cycle GAN we can kind of define that for all kinds of different settings. And then we just have this extra loss. What's the extra loss? As we go into the other space and come back these two should be the same. Same if we go into the other direction. So we have an extra loss that we want to minimize which is basically the difference between these two images if we go one direction and if we go into the other direction. Now what we will do is we'll build a super special cycle GAN. Do you remember in week three we had this little Kaggle competition of animal faces? Arash made things difficult for you. He scrambled the images. Why was that a great idea? Well if he hadn't scrambled it you could have produced an extra training set maybe out of the ImageNet data set or something and get better through it. Or you could have used the ConfNet and get better through that. He explicitly wanted you to prevent you from that but what he did is he just scrambled the images so you couldn't get any more training data. But I believe we can find out how we should unscramble them. Because if an image is not scrambled it will look more natural. Now scrambling operations are cyclical. Like if I scramble and I scramble it back I'm back to the original thing. Not only that. In that one space they should look like actual images. Now that means that in a way constructing a cycle GAN for that is figuring out how Arash had been scrambling the images. So if you had known this in week three how to do that you could have completely dominated the competition and used the ConfNet and used all kinds of tricks there. So now I want you to build a simple cycle GAN. Namely a cycle GAN that de-scrambles the stimuli that we used in week three.


At the Fury Factory, we have 31 companies from around the country performing over a 3D period in this very building. Among my favorite of these 31 companies, and I know they're not supposed to be my favorites, but you're here to see him mount for their second run at Fury Factory. So good to have them back. The State of California would like you to know that there are exits here. There are exits here. If you'd like to pick out yourselves, turn them on. They're often sent in text to a friend saying, I am at this amazing theater festival. There's another week of it with many more performances, and you should come and join me and make a date with them now. While you're doing that, just a few more thoughts. We are, to our knowledge, the only festival of this sort in the country. We have ensembles from all over. We have a strong focus on works in progress. As we feel there's a real lack of opportunity for companies that are making work as ensembles to show their work in the process. And so that's inviting. And all week, if you think there's still a state of creation, then you can also see some main stage productions, such as when you're about to see it. Later tonight, if you'd like to speak with the artists, or speak with your friends over drinks, we will be meeting at the right spot, because of that seven weeks and an awesome time. I feel there must be other things. We have surveys. We'll find a new program. A fin may have rather long piece of white paper with a demographic survey on it. And as these festivals are extraordinarily expensive, but on a much of our funding comes from, this year at least, from the City of San Francisco and the National Development of the Arts, these surveys allow them to feel good about giving us the money. If you have extra money, please drop it in the jar outside. Or consider buying an Andy Dandy Festival t-shirt. Or maybe get a check. Or maybe get a check. Or give it one to Jan as our board member. And I'd also like to also take a moment to turn around and say hello to our Internet audience, who's live streaming across the world. We're one of the first festivals to attempt to have a real live presence on the web live streaming. We're a theater company that is dedicated to making work that you can only experience live. And yet we are streaming on the web, so it's sort of like an experiment and an experiment. So there it is. The show will be starting shortly. Ah, workshops! We have many workshops. We're performing. In the festival, one of which still has thoughts available, which is with Inkvote and Chimichi Yoakoga next week, next Sunday. And if you've never worked with Chimichi, but you're a mover or interested in being a mover, I strongly recommend you go check it out. And the show will be starting shortly. Thank you for being here. Take care of you when you get old. If you didn't remind me of everyone's birthday, the entire family would hate me. I did take those naked pictures of you and Dad to school in the fifth grade. I thought it would make me popular. And it did. You never knew this, but I used to replace your birth control pills with aspirin.   When you say that I ruin everything, I don't think anyone will ever live up to your expectations. After you die, I'm going to ask for your t-shirts and your boots, and I will wear them. I've told you this before, but sitting with you on the couch, even though it is completely covered in cat hair, is one of my favorite things. You make it really easy to be the good child. Wild fire, fire.  I got some terrible news.  It's 105 degrees outside, and we're driving down to Santa Cruz. I forgot to put coolant in the car, like you asked me to, so the car stalls and we're all standing on the highway. You ever heard? And I'm pretty sure it broke in my arm.  Finally, you take me to the hospital, and you ask me about my love life. You want to know all about who I'm seeing, what my type is, how he treats me, certain lovers. What? The first time I've seen you says the divorce. You want to invite me over to the lunch.  I'm here at the beach with Mom and Dad, and my brother is adjusting his shorts. And you don't think anyone's watching you, so you just keep pulling and tugging at yourself. You call to let me know that your son was born, and you were so happy and so exhausted. We both just sit, each holding our hand at the telephone.  You're storming out of the house and saying that you're never coming back, and then we don't see you or hear from you for five years. You're getting married.  In three months, you'll cheat on your husband and break up the marriage just like Dad did.  You're in the upstairs bathroom, blow-drying your hair, and you are taking forever, and the entire family is waiting for you at the kitchen table, and you will not come out of the bathroom. What happened? And so is my sister. And it's early in the morning, so the sky is still dark, and there's a snowstorm that day, so these big flakes of snow are falling down in the ground, and the Christmas tree is lit, so this really soft and magical light is coming in from the living room, and the house smells like turkey, and mashed potatoes, and coffee. Who was there? Mom was there. Where was she? She's in the kitchen, getting a box of cookies together to send with Dad. You're feeling pretty torn up on the inside, and trying to make polite conversation. Who else was there? My sister was there. Where was she? She's in the upstairs bathroom, blow-drying her hair, and you and Dad have a history of tension, so you're starting to feel a little bit nervous. Who else was there? At the kitchen table. This is the house where you spent 25 years of marriage, but now you don't live here anymore, so you always feel a little out of place, and a little melancholy. My dad came to pick me and my sister up to take us out to eat. She's punched over. She's always coming up behind me and saying, scoliosis from Dad. Jerry's lucky he didn't get it. He's never been there anywhere else on her chest. Just right here. At least she didn't get that. But the baby did. I've never told you this before, but I think it's really pathetic that the only way you get any attention in this family is by making fun of people. Do you remember last November when you wanted to visit me on Thanksgiving, and I hurt your feelings? It was because I just had an abortion. Who was there? Don't look at me. Stop looking at Jerry. Don't look at Liz. Do not look at Liz. Do not. I'm playing Contra, and I'm so far into the game. I think I might actually beat it this time. All of a sudden, my vision goes off. I believe this is happening. I was on the last level. I was almost done. And then I hear someone behind me. Who was there? Dad was there. And you are looking really pale and really nervous, and gripping the remote control tightly. Who else was there? Mom was there, and you're hovering near the edge of the couch holding this book, The Joy of Sex. Do you have any questions about being a man? What self-abuse is Jerry? We think it's dad we are. Mom opens to a diagram of the human reproductive organs. I just want to talk to you about some of the beautiful and magical changes that are happening inside your little body. There's a lot of magic going on but we heard in your father I just want to talk to you a little bit about it. Don't be nervous.   It's just us. It's just us, I mean. Well, I think we should just go ahead and start. I want you to look at this.  It's so much firm. It is big and firm. It gets big and firm.  What's vagina? The vagina belonging to Jerry White. It's the name of the woman. Of course.  I'm going to touch that statue. You're going to take a nice long walk until it's soft again.  Now listen, there's also going to might be a time when you might be sleeping and then you wake up around you and it's like it's marshmallow it's salty. You know what?  Jesus Christ I do not tell me okay.  I feel like I'm going to have to get you hungry. Oh my God, I'm starving. How about some hot dogs, Eddie? Oh gosh, that sounds good. Maybe we'll have a little corn on the cob with some beans. Salted. I'll toss a salad. Delicious. Oh It plants them every year and every year in the springtime when the flowers bloom the woodchucks furious and he comes into the house, he's yelling and screaming and mom tells him to calm down but he won't calm down and then he grabs her and he throws her up against the pantry door and he starts to choke her. Faith and I are in the living room watching and when he sees us he stops and an hour later we all put on our Sunday best and we go to a party at the neighbor's house. Dad is such a passionate photographer every year at Christmas he makes Liz and I go outside in the cold to the backyard he always picks the snowiest part of the yard and he always takes two pictures in case one of us blinks. Liz complains a lot and we both pretend to hate it but it's the most attention we get all year and the one time he forgot Liz went and dragged out his camera to take pictures and now there's a wall of photos in the house from every single year.


I'm back from spring break. I was in Fort Lauderdale, Florida for six days I really don't think I had to tell you because you can see my black skin Really nigga. Yeah, no, dude. I've gone on so many vacations. I don't think my skin tone has ever changed like ever I don't care.  So I Forgot something else too, but let's do this challenge real first and then we can talk about the other thing that I forgot So bang we are gonna need Hey, this one is really tough 200 passing yards That's gonna be extra hard with the current wide receivers I have but we'll see if we can do it now one thing I forgot in episode 32. I got wrecked right but my challenge was to get a scrambling touchdown And I made the nastiest scrambling touchdown I've probably ever made and I made that scrambling touchdown with Michael Vick so I get 20,000 coins to spend what would make sense is be to spend the 20,000 coins on like a half-back But I don't want to spend 20,000 on a half-back and then get a really good wheel spin and then I'm getting a better half-back So I am going to need wide receivers no matter what we'll be able to get an 88 89 overall wide receiver For around 20,000 coins. Let's get someone really fast So the old flashback Brandon cooks is gonna be getting added to the team right now Thanks to us completing that last challenge. So we've got 89 overall wide receiver to work with I've knocked out wide receiver number one and now we can get into our real wheel spins So bam, let's do this the wheel is spinning and I forgot to put okay Jesus I had messed up my audio over here So I wasn't even looking and I just got something to come on which I wanted so bad and this is actually The only way that we can get Calvin Johnson I'm gonna kill myself Chris Johnson. So I have here the wheel of overalls now Whatever overall I can get I can get that overall or lower. So if I get 90 what let's just okay Oh, wow, that would have been nice. Okay, so let's say I got 95 I could take any 95 overall come my player or anything lower So the only way to get Chris Johnson is if I get 99 or 98 overall, but that is it There's no other way on this wheel. I can get him. I wanted to be really cool if I can actually get him That's how we're gonna do that. So I'm gonna spin this wheel To determine the overall of the convoy player and I'm not gonna be able to get Chris Johnson But I do get 95 which is also really shitty because Ryan Shazir and all the other really good ones are 96 Sweet so I'm gonna go over to program see if there's even any now. I don't even think there's 94 95 There's a literally none. Okay, what do they have in the 92 93 area? I don't think I can really complain.  Who else there's we might be able to get our 200 passing out So it's kind of funny I literally just bought that Brandon cooks because now we get this John Ross But John Ross 92 overall Combine with 98 speed the rest of his stats kind of and now we have one more spin on the wheel Before we had I look at how fat the wheel got look at how many things are on that we're right now next one that we're gonna get Looks like it's gonna be a limited Super Bowl legend Please yes, so we get limited Super Bowl legend with these slot wheels So now I actually have a wheel of slots to we get to do two brand new things that I got I'm going to let the wheel decide out of these players what I get. So let's talk about this first on We have a possibility for Terrell Davis. Oh My god, honestly anything up here is really good other than Kurt Warner So if it gives me slot for I'm gonna cry But I've talked about this like a million times before top left for a troll Davis is that slot number one Demarcus where it's slot number two Laney a slot three Warner for Charlie's five You definitely get the point Franco Harris also be shitty. Give me one or five. What are five? Let's do this one through 10. Come on Out of the thing I can't believe we actually just got that Terrell Davis was in slot number one So we get to her old Davis that is huge.  You want 91, but I will totally take it. All right boys So that's gonna be it for the team building. Let's check out what we've got in here on our lineup We just added the 92 overall 98 speed John Ross Embrane and cooks from our 20k and Terrell Davis that is that's big boys And we got Zach Martin to run behind and Eric Kush all-time stud. Let's hop into a game I think we're ready to play 82 overall Please don't have a God squad. Okay, there's my team 393 3 please don't I Don't know if John Ross has it. I'm just gonna go with Vic I didn't think John Ross had it, but Vic is gonna get a ton of yards Nice, Dan Deardorff is still a tight end somehow, but I just need Bo Jackson to get Semi-open boom racket. Nope He got dragged as soon as he caught it All right, we'll send a little bit of something off the edge. Here we go corner strike I sit here saying it's a corner strike.  All right, as long as I don't get sacked so boom he's coming across there and He really wasn't that open all right John Ross she got for me There's John. Oh, no, no boy if you don't get making terrible reads. Oh my god. Go big or go home We are running the fake. I'm doing it Yes, it's totally there. It's totally there. Just go. That's all that was intense. All right. Let's go wait Can I hit it with him twice? How rude is it to hit him with it twice? This is so savage. Oh Darn it that would have been awesome.  Oh, yep another corner route.  Oh my god.  Oh my god. Why? What even happened? Why didn't get so many yards on that? It did not take him long to score took me a good minute. Oh Please there we go Brandon cooks is wide open. He's not but Bo Jackson up the field Yes, the playmaker. I gotta dig this guy. Dig him Bo Jackson with a truck and we need six yards. Nice All right, I'm just gonna take my field goal like a good conservative player and I'll make this nine to seven I am I am really fighting for these yards right now and I'm looking where's he looking? Oh my god He loves that route. I gotta figure out a way to lock that up dude. Let's see if he's running it again He's not that's at least something to look forward to I've got the deep stuff covered He was the playmaker and I am off and of course Jamie Collins has to go the wrong way as soon as I intercept it Why is that in the game? I'm not gonna talk about field goals right now because I really want to touch down here John Ross over the middle of field. He's too fast. So I should be able to hit this out route right here Michael Vick you are fired. You're the best quarterback in this game and you can't make that throw Boom right over there. There's John Ross He's got it. He's out of bounds nasty. Let's see it Let's go and we do get the touchdown to close this out And this if I can make this will make this a nine-point game and that is huge got it kick is good Snap hold in the kick 16 to 7 intense So it's a nine-point game to possession game. I got to use the clock efficiently. I got to keep scoring Presumably corner out corner out corner. Oh, no. Oh, yes I took my safety out of the middle of the field to use it the corner out and he whiffed a pass That's my gimme for the day. You cannot ask for a lot of those Be grateful when they come to you though. Dang.  Oh wait, did I throw too how many passing yards did I have? I didn't check how many passing yards I have but there's about a zero percent chance. I had 200 So let's look at how truly important that game was Added to the team. Thanks to that win is a 98 speed John Ross and 95 over else around Davis And whatever it is that we're about to get on this wheel spin All righty, the wheel is spinning.  I have to wait until you guys see it. So bing That means we've got it and it's an insanity pack. Oh my god.  We did an insanity pack one. Let me see if I can flip this outside I think he's yep, so many episodes ago We did the insanity pack the insanity pack is a pack on mutt head that has like every single card in the game In the pack it's like an incredibly juice pack that you could never actually find in man So I can choose three slots on this pack and whatever players are in those three slots are players that I can add to the team So I'm gonna give you guys an example of what an insanity pack looks like first and then I'll do the real one So let's say I said the first three slots so top left to the right of that into the middle So I would have gotten 86 Derek Brooks legend. That's not that bad 71 Kyle Murphy.  That would actually been really nice. So to keep it simple I'm gonna do those top left three slots. So where Derek Brooks Kyle Murphy and Luke Keekley are that's how I'm gonna take I can add it literally can be 398 overalls and I would get all three of them Not gonna happen like that I Like hardly I like very barely need a corner on this team, but like whatever it's a 93 overall Bojack So that's huge. Our next player is a 79 overall to keep grant He meh, there's a low chance. He'll make it out of the team, but we'll see and the final one is an 80 It's another corner.  I might move Bo Jackson a free safety or something I don't really know. So the rest of the stuff that was in this bag was a Jason Taylor 85 left angle 87 center. Wow, I actually made the right choice There was a ton of random stuff in that one. So Bo Jackson and a keep to leave can get added to the team That's huge. Now keep in mind Prestiges are still a thing so I can prestige this cornerback Bo Jackson and I could take whatever defensive Bo Jackson I want I think I had him before didn't I this is so weird I totally had him before and you know what else I did with him before last time I got him I moved him to safety too, or maybe it was the other way around. Maybe I moved safety bow to corner I don't really remember all I know is he's back on the team.  Can I just get someone else who's like comparable? Alright, I'm gonna kind of cheat a little bit I'm really sorry, but I'm gonna take Darius sleigh Because there's no keep to leaves on the auction house So we're just gonna pretend that this is a key to leave I can't prestige him unless if I do prestige him has to Be a key to leave. That's it for now guys great episode. We got the win that we desperately needed. That's it Thanks for watching as always peace out


Hi, and welcome to our session. Let us discuss the following question. The question says, show that the product of the corresponding terms of the sequence is A ar ar square ar to the power n minus 1, and A ar ar square ar to the power n minus 1. Form OGP and find the common ratio. Let's now begin with the solution. Given two sequences are A ar ar square so on up to A ar to the power n minus 1, and A ar ar square so on up to A ar to the power n minus 1. We have to show that product of the corresponding terms of these two sequences form OGP. So let's now find the product of corresponding terms of these two sequences. Now product of corresponding terms given two sequences is equal to A into A ar into A ar ar square into A ar square so on A ar to the power n minus 1 into A ar to the power a minus 1.   Now clearly this is a GP.  And this ratio remains the same throughout this sequence. Hence the required common ratio is R A. This is our required answer. So this completes the session. Bye and take care.


That experience I had with the Disney OS installed on my friend's computer recently was terrible. I mean, the distorted figures, the anomalous videos, the corrupting files, the brightening screen, and the enigma of the operating system trying to consume me whole was terrifying. What a shipwreck. I have been getting nightmares recently over what just happened while using the first version of the Disney OS. But what I'm here to tell you is that there is an operating system much worse than the Disney OS. Today I am going to test out the enigmatic operating system called, Windows Code Name Saturn. Back in the year 2000, Microsoft released an operating system called, Windows Saturn. Before it was released, it was called, Windows Code Name Saturn. The operating system was said to have been named after the planet Saturn, the sixth planet from the sun. Ironically though, Saturn is also my favorite one of the solar system's planets. When Code Name Saturn was released, users who installed it on their computers were welcomed with a seemingly friendly user interface that was revolutionary in the development of Windows technology, an interface that was very innovative. A brand new experience will feature such as programs running at lightning speed and that Windows opened and closed seamlessly. Though while users marveled at the advancements, there was an undercurrent of a needs, an unspoken understanding that something beyond the surface was at play. Shortly after the release date happened, reports of strange occurrences began to surface. Users claimed to have experienced and explained crashes, sudden phrases, and glitches that defied conventional troubleshooting. Not to mention users were also reporting strange whispers coming from the speakers and disturbing imagery showing up on the screen. It seemed as if the operating system itself had a mind of its very own. Like its predecessor, Code Name Jupiter, it has possessed powers beyond human imagination, though with weaker capabilities as compared to those of Code Name Jupiter. As the unexplained glitches continued, Microsoft was forced to recall Windows Saturn and the company never spoke of it again. But some say that the Saturn Code lives on, getting deep within the darkest corners of the Internet. And if you're not careful, it may just find its way onto your computer, bringing with it a world of terror and darkness that you may never escape. Fast forward to today, I decided to install the operating system on my computer, and whatever I did, I was greeted with a boot screen that showed the planet Saturn with the Windows Lobo next to it. Again, like its predecessor, Code Name Jupiter, I was greeted with the Windows 2000 startup sound playing in the background. While using the operating system, everything was normal at first, until I began reporting the same problems that people were reporting back in 2000. Files would randomly disappear and then reappear in the most unexpected places, the screens would often flicker, strange whispers were heard coming from the speakers, and cryptic error messages often displayed. Sometimes disturbing imagery would also show on the background every time I'm not looking at the screen. As I was seeing these strange glitches unfold within the system itself, my thoughts were shifting towards those times when I had been testing out operating systems like Windows Code Name Series or Jupiter. The glitches also reminded me of that time when my friend was installing the Disney operating system on his computer, and I had to come to check but the glitches intensified to the point where the Disney OS's enigma tried to consume my mind, only to fail because I had installed patches to it. Well this time, I tried to uninstall the system, but it kept sending out cryptic error messages telling me to stop, until then, I managed to successfully uninstall the operating system without crashing my computer screen or ruining it, just with a sigh of relief. To this day, the nightmare of the Windows Code Name Saturn continues to haunt some people to this day, even people too dared to install it on their computers would never feel comfortable to install it again, even the memory they had would appear in their very own nightmare soon.