Now, OK, sorry. So this is just about the Solstack developer community. So all of you know about the Solstack, right? That's a Confession Management and Remote Execution Orchestration Tool. And so first, I just want to know how many of you are coming from a developer background?  Yeah. At least half of you guys are from a developer background. And how many of you contributed to any free or open source projects? Yeah.  That's good. So this tool is something that is going to be interesting for you folks, those who contributed to free or open source of tools. So I also done a little bit of contributions, not too many. I think around 68 commits. And that too, it's in 2012. So that means I am no more such an active contributor to Solstack that I've done two years before. So one of the things is that this, I hope you guys heard of the term called open source versus open core. Many of you picking up a good development community, I think you should see whether that's really working in the free or open source culture also. But there are some other companies which actually works in the way of open core technology. Of course, you can Google search and find out whether your favorite whatever this configuration management tools are really open source or free open source or is it just open core. And so Solstack is something really free or open source software and it's the community. Everything is developed in the same way. And it's a very active development community. Maybe if you just check the octaverse.getof.com, I've taken a picture here. You can see that this one of the community highlights, if you look at this, projects with most merged pull request and repositories with most issued cost. You can see that Solstack is coming as the third largest project in the GitHub, which is the, and in 2012 also, that was the eighth in a most active project in GitHub. And if you look at this, I made some comparison with the OAuth law, which is a statistics provider, where you can compare with the Salt. I kept a puppet Ansible. Maybe this Ansible and puppet is having almost same kind of activity. But if you look at the, compared to the puppet, you can see the number of developers. It's almost a less number, maybe less than half of the developers and number of comments, everything.  So we can check this OAuth law statistics. And it's a very receptive community. So all the pull request that you send to that GitHub is, we'll get some review. I can definitely go and check this, just I'm making this comparison with similar things like puppet or Ansible, just to get an idea. You can go to Ansible or puppet GitHub repositories and check the pull request and see how much people are commenting on your pull request that is sent to that one and how many of them are closing without even any comments. And you can check the same thing in Solstack or Post-it also and see there won't be any single pull request which there is no discussion going on. And you'll not see too many pull request hanging around there for so many six months or one year like that. And it's a very active mailing list and IRC channels you'll see there. And there are a lot of awards also that are received by Solstack. You can go to this solstack.com awards space. You can see that received the cool vendor from the award from the Gartner and many other this kind of GitHub ranking all the things you can see here. Okay, so what I was trying to tell you is that if you're picking up, if you want to contribute to such a amazing, of course this is a Python based one. So if you are a Python developer especially and if you want to contribute to such a great community, this would be a good project where you can look into this for contribution. Okay, that's all.


American YouTube channel. Today we are going to learn how to make real buttermilk biscuits with real authentic southern sausage gravy. Now if you follow me on TikTok, there's been lots of discussion about this. Is a biscuit the same as a scone? What is it like? How is it different? You don't really have like your typical southern biscuits here in New Zealand, too many places. So today I'm going to show you how to make authentic southern biscuits and gravy. Here we go. There you go. That's homemade southern biscuits and gravy. So please comment below after you make it and let me know how it goes.


Hi everyone, this is Jason here from Nathaniel. In this lesson, we are going to work on our ear training, more particularly our melodic ear. Now ear training has all sorts of departments, melodic, harmonic and rhythmic. I thought we'll use this lesson to look at what I'm calling the five levels of ear training, more specifically melodic ear training. So most of the ear training lessons or exercises which I end up doing, which I would insist on you also doing, is a three-dimensional way of practicing this music. So by three-dimensional, what I basically mean is that you train your theory, you train your technique and you train your ear pretty much all at the same time. So in a sense, this is more like a overall, all-round or a mind training exercise rather than a ear training exercise. So there are a lot of apps out there which deal with ear training, which promote the idea of perfect pitch, relative pitch, some of which may not even exist or may be very tough to actually get. But I think ear training should be learned in the most organic way possible. So you have your instrument, you have your voice and you have the theory of music. So you use all these factors and get your ears to become stronger and stronger over time. So in this lesson, I've divided it into five parts. Let's get cracking with the first part. And if you haven't already, don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel, hit that bell icon for notifications and also consider heading over to our Patreon page to get all my handwritten notes for this lesson, the previous lessons and everything we'll be doing in the future. Let's get cracking. So for this first part, I'm gonna look at just the first three notes of the major scale. Let's see all this stuff on the D major scale. Okay, so let's look at D major once. Two sharps, F sharp and C sharp. Let's figure that out again. D, E, F sharp, G, A, B, C sharp, D, D, C sharp, B, A, G, F sharp, E, D. Okay, so we may not use all those notes. In fact, in the first part, we are just going to use the first three notes, which is D, E, F sharp. So to train your ear with these three notes, what are we trying to achieve? We're trying to get the ear or the mind to know these three notes in every kind of pattern possible. So rather than knowing F sharp or rather than knowing E, it's the relation between these three notes, which I think is very important for the ear. Okay, so we'll start with these three notes. And the first thing you'd like to do is set it up on the piano. Okay, so you could play your root D in the left hand, just to give you the Sa or the root. And then you just have these three notes, nothing very technical, just three notes. So the first thing you'd like to do is just to get acquainted with the three notes. So just try and play it and sing it parallely, you know, or sing and play or play and sing, whatever works for you. Just go for it for about five to 10 minutes before the actual ear training begins. So the first thing is to get acclimatized with these three notes.   Ta-ra-ra, jumble it. Ta-ra-ra, or just jam along with those three notes. Sing it. Ta-ra-ra-ra, ta-ra-ra, ta-ra-ra, right. For a lot of us, our piano playing might be a lot better than our singing because as piano players, you focus more on the piano and not so much on your voice. So it's important to bring what you know on the piano to your voice, right. So, ta-ra-ra-ra-ra, you know, stuff like that. You could either have come up with it with your voice or you could have come up with it on the piano. So let's do that for a few more moments. Ta-ra-ra-ra, ta-ra-ra, ta-ra-ra, ta-ra-ra, and you could also try and develop the idea of singing all this stuff with the swaras or the solfege language, whichever you're used to, right. In the eastern parts of the world, you'll have things like sa-re-ga-ga-re-sa, which are the Indian swaras. You could also go do-re-mi-mi-re-do, whatever works for you. So I'm just going to use the swaras a little bit now. What will that be? Ga-ga-re-ga-re-sa, ga got repeated twice, right. Ta-ra-ra-ra-ra-rum, ta-ra-ra-ra-rum, re-ga-re-ga-sa, sa-re-ga-ga-re-sa, stuff like that. So get acquainted with these three notes in this way, you know, sing, play or play, sing or just go for it. Just see what happens for five to 10 minutes. And after that, you get into this kind of exercise where you have to sing something and then you have to immediately play what you just sang, okay. And it's also important and crucial to maintain a steady meter. So in the left hand, I'm going to try and stick with a four beat per bar or four by four system. So try and come up with a melody with just these three notes. So what I did right there was I played back exactly what I sung, no preparation at all, but I tried to play it back in the very next bar. What you could do is kind of digest it a bit more, give it an extra bar if you want, and then perhaps play it back. For example, ta-ra-ra-ra-rum, now try, right. It's not that easy. If you're just starting off, you'll have to work on it a bit more. That's why I've developed this with just three notes. Okay, let's proceed. Ta-ra-ra-ra-rum, ta-ra-ra-rum. Okay, what are you going to do? Okay, moving on. Another nice thing to do, okay, is to sing along with me right after I'm playing it. I'm giving you a little bit of time. So try to sing it back and then try playing it on the piano. That could also help because I'm teaching you. In the real world, it's just going to be you singing and you trying to play. So... Ta-ra-ra-ra-rum, ta-ra-ra-rum. Ta-ra-ra-rum, ta-ra-ra-rum. Play now. You could do it with swaras. Ta-ra-ra-ra-rum, ta-ra-ra-rum. Okay, stuff like that. Okay, let's do a few more examples. Ta-ra-ra-rum, ta-ra-ra-rum. Ta-ra-ra-rum, ta-ra-rum. Now try playing. Also, what will happen? You may be pleasantly surprised that your hands may not work together some of the times because you will be singing something without a filter between your mind and your fingers. That's the beauty of singing. It's a very natural way to get music out of you. So I would encourage you to sing naturally and then it also ends up becoming like a hand independence exercise because you have to maintain a steady pulse there while playing whatever it is you are trying to sing. So in this explanation, I haven't made mistakes while singing, but I would definitely tell you that mistakes will happen initially and this is a very organic way and I think a very fun way to practice this. If you have a musician friend in your neighborhood or in the family, you could practice it with one of them.  So there are a lot of ways to go about this. So this is the level one of my ear training exercise. Three notes sets, practice them and practice them hard. If you'd like to accompany them with like a major chord in the left hand, feel free. I would say just go with a single note and that should do very fine. So let's move on. So in level two of ear training, we are gonna try and train our idea of chords. So if you just take a simple major chord like D major, so great way to train once here is to play the entire chord in the left hand, either together like this or you can break up the chord like that or you can up agitate it. There are lots of lessons where we've talked about a ton of left hand patterns. So explore our YouTube channel. There are a lot of playlists we've made which make it very easy to access stuff for the left hand, for hand independence and obviously for ear training, which there's a lot of lessons and material for. Okay, so you go something like that, this pattern. And now on the right hand, what you're expected to do is to be able to know the notes of this chord, not only with the right hand, even with your voice as this entire ear training process is about the voice, meeting the piano or vice versa. So the notes of the D major chord are D, F sharp, and A, right? So you go, two, two, two, first get acquainted with the notes. Two, sing each note. Da, na, figure out a pitch which works for you. Usually for female voices, it's gonna end up being right, for male voices, obviously a bit lower. Two, you could even name it with the respective swaras, which is Saga, paga. Saga, paga. Okay. So when you're singing for obvious reasons, you can't sing more than one note at a time, right? You can't do that with your voice or that. You can only do the whole process monophonically or one note at a time. So it becomes a great challenge. So you sing over this chord, sing a bar of music, using only the notes of that chord, and then obviously we need to try and play it. So your hand is essentially here. So anytime you go away from that chord, your ear will know. So ear training is not only about getting it right, it's also about knowing when you are wrong. That's another important aspect of ear training. And again, I've never been a fan of any of these ear training apps because ear training is this one thing in music which can be done and dusted without a book, without an app, without, sometimes even without a teacher. You can really figure out your own methodologies, you know, on your own. And I hope that what I'm doing is a guide for you to further explore. Because ear training is a very personal thing. It's just between you and the piano. You don't need a book and stuff like that too. To help you along this path. So anyway, play the chord in the bass and try to sing specific notes. Anyway, I'm staring at it. I'm staring at D F sharp A, right? So you go... Figure out how to play that. And make sure you're on time. Don't sing random stuff. Make sure you're following the pulse. Two, three, okay? So... Ta-na-na-na-na-na-na-na. Okay. Ta-na-na-na-na-na-na. Right? Ta-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na. Ta-na-na-na-na-na-na-na. Right? So this is a great ear training exercise. It's an awesome ear training thing even for me right now as we speak. So that's pretty much the deal. Now, if you sing something like this... Ta-na-na-na-na-na-na-na. You see it went away from the triad. So when you're in the world of the triad, you need to stick with the triad. Earlier we did three consecutive notes. Now we're doing three notes of the triad. Ta-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na. Okay? Ta-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na-na. It'll also train, as I said earlier, it'll also train your hand independence. There's a lot of things which can be worked on at the same time. And while you're doing all this, remember that you're making music. Everything you're doing right now is a composition because, well, you're not playing someone else's song, are you? So I would also highly recommend that you have a phone next to you or some kind of a recording app, a simple voice recorder to just document what you're doing over the, let's say 20 minutes of this ear training process. Documenting your work is very important because you never know what if you compose something really cool. So don't think of it as a drill or as a chore or as an exercise. Think of it as a way to compose music. That's always a better way to train your ear. So let's move on to level three as I'm calling it for your training, right? So the third way of training your ear will be again with the triad or with the major chord or even the minor chord, but using the concept of inversions or shapes of the chords as we call it. So if you take the D major chord, which we just learned, D F sharp A, you'll realize that it has various shapes. You can either go D F sharp A or you could take this D and put the D up top or you could do A D F sharp and play the F sharp up top, D on top. These are all your inversions, which in theory we officially say this is the root position of D major that's the first inversion of D major with the D on top or the root on top and this is the second inversion of D major with the F sharp on top and the D in the middle. So what you do is you basically expand or you extend this level, the second level, which I told you of your training and you also add your inversion. So let's start with maybe this inversion, which is the first inversion and again try to sing something and then try to play it back. First get acquainted with the shape very different because the root has gone upstairs. It's gone to the top of the music. So okay, come down. Okay, let's try and build some stuff. So it's a high one. Okay, so that was ear training over that. Then you could do ear training over A D F sharp. Okay, so okay, you don't want to go so high as a singer. You may ruin your voice. So be careful. Anyway, so this is the other inversion. So it goes something like and now try to sing some music around the inversion. Now try to play that. So let's recap. We have three inversions now for every chord. This one, this one and this one. So what happens now is it's kind of expanded your pitch range. Your pitch range used to be only so much in the second level, right? Now we've expanded it either that way or we have expanded it this way. Don't think the inversions are taking it higher. It could also take it lower. So actually now the entire keyboard can be explored over that one chord of three notes, which is D F sharp A. So eventually you should be singing anything on the D major chord, whether it's a higher note or a lower note. And you should try and figure out a way to match it on your instrument. So for example, okay, that was a lot. Let's sing that again. Let's play that. You see, I started with the F sharp there. And then you come down. Okay, let's try a couple more options. Maybe tricky to actually play, right? Sometimes it's not only about hearing it, it's also about being able to play it, you know? So that's why I like this approach of practicing the instrument, which I share with pretty much all of my students where don't focus on ear training only. Always look at theory, look at the technical aspects like, you know, fingering, hand coordination, developing a steady pulse, getting the rhythm sense going. So look at an entire all round way of learning music. Okay, so in this level, we have looked at many inversions or many shapes of the chords. Let's now move on to the next level. Right, guys. So so far we've looked at three notes at a time. You know, this package, or we've looked at the triad, which is still three notes at a time, but over the chord. And then we've looked at over the inversions of the chord. So what we ended up doing, sing something, which is one of those three notes and immediately try to play it back on the piano. So now let's expand our knowledge and our skills to maybe using five notes. That's basically the next level. So if you take the first five notes of the D scale, what will it be? D, E, F sharp, G, A. And what's nice is you use one finger for each of those notes. So thumb for D, index for E, F sharp, G, A, like that. Okay. And you could go back to playing a single D, if you'd like. Keep a pulse as always. And first of all, let's get acquainted with those notes. You could play it before you sing. Play it a couple more times. Now let's sing. Down. Down. So now that we've got acquainted with those five notes, we start building. All right. So I'm giving you examples. Okay.  So it's the whole idea is to somehow get that, somehow play what you just sang. And if you make a mistake, you can always try again, but maintain a steady pulse while you do so. And here and there, you may squeeze in a couple of extra notes, like maybe. So now I'm playing a seventh there, right? So one option could be just crossover your finger. So here and there, you could adjust for those extra notes as long as you can play them, which is why I'm proposing just taking five notes sets at a time. Earlier, we started with three note combinations. Now we're looking at five note combinations. So again, sing, play, and just make sure you're on the right, you know, on the right notes. What will also help you greatly is if you practice this exercise on multiple scales. Don't just be comfortable on D. You could also avoid that repetition or sometimes that boredom of, you know, constantly hearing the same notes by maybe placing your fingers on some other keys, like maybe the first five notes of E major, which is nice. That also trains your technique or maybe F major. Those are the five notes or G major, A major, B major or C major or D flat, E flat, F sharp, A flat, and finally B flat. So that 12 scales, which you could actually practice this on and actually speaking, every scale kind of feels a bit different. So it's worth trying this out on as many keys as you can. And that's how your technique will also improve greatly. Okay, so this is about level four in this lesson where you're trying to use five note sets of whichever scale. As I've mentioned now, you start with D, then you can do five notes sets from E and so on and so forth. So now let's move on to level five. Right, everyone? So with level five, you're just going to take all the aspects of the first four levels and continue your ear training journey, but try to now use different intervals. So the first interval I would like you to change is take your major third or the third note. This one, F sharp. I'm still in the key of D. So take that F sharp, drop it down by a step. You get a completely different world of music. That's the minor world. Okay, so that's a great way to practice. So get acquainted and then go back to the first stage, which is just three note sets and practice your job. It also gives you a lot of discipline, which you need as an artist at any skill level. You may argue it's very easy to play these three notes, but when you're composing, you're going to have two challenges. The first thing is you have to only compose on those three notes. So what's going to happen is you're going to want to do more. Your creative brain will want to run around, but you should also realize that three notes can also be made very, very creative. You can just search on the internet, Eli Raja's three note song, where he just takes three notes and plays all sorts of music. He plays with an entire orchestra. So you can compose fancy music with just three notes. So you need to respect these three notes. So this exercise also to give you that sense of discipline and respect towards those notes so that you don't run away. Especially with keyboard players and guitar players, you have so many things you can do. So try to just stick with the same three notes. Okay, let's keep going with it. This exercise also forces you to come up with new melodies within the prison of these three notes, so to speak. Then what happens? You go back to level two where we looked at the triad, but in this instance, we are trying to take a minor triad, not major. We convert it to minor. So that one. Now that was not part of the chord. So you get the idea. You're going to make a few blunders here and there, but that's good as long as you know what happened. Then you look at the inversion. Three shapes of the minor chord. There are three shapes of any triad. So feel free to explore all those three shapes. And last but not least, the five note pattern, the first five notes of the minor. So keep your fingers all on those five notes and then start rolling. Try with some swaras as well. That could help. Then something like that. A few notes. Okay. With respect to D as the Sa. Right, guys. And of course, we've done it with the flattening of the third. But well, if you take a five note set of notes, you can do so many things. You can do all major, of course. That's the major scale. Then drop that to minor. You have another permutation to practice. Then you can start looking at all the exotic flavors, which could be where you flatten the second as well. Or you can leave the third as it is. Okay. So that's all your permutations with a flat two. So now you could practice ear training with that stuff. Stuff like that. And then of course, you can go ahead with the other very exotic flavor where you sharpen the ma or sharpen the four. So in other words, the G became G sharp. You can't bring it down. That'll come back to F sharp. So it gets a bit tricky as you drift away from the major and minor. So if you're new to this stuff, I would highly urge you to just focus your attention towards the five notes of the major scale and the five notes of the minor scale, keeping a steady root in the left. So these are the five levels of ear training, which you should practice in a three-dimensional way. Know it, hear it, and of course, play it. So with all of this going on, I would highly urge you to think like a composer. You are in a very composer music making environment. So think that you are going to make music, that you have a chance of making music each and every time. Keep a recording app nearby just to be sure, just to make sure that you get your compositions there, which you can share with people eventually. So hope this exercise was helpful. These are again five levels of ear training or melodic ear training to be more specific. And hope you guys have found the lesson useful. I will catch you in the next one.


Good morning ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the U.S. Naval War College's celebration of the 246th birthday of the United States Navy. I'd like to open up by sharing a message from the Chief of Naval Operations shipmates. This year we are celebrating the Navy's 246th birthday. The theme of this year's birthday celebration is resilient and ready, which speaks to the service, dedication, and strength of both our sailors and their families. America's need for a strong Navy is rooted in our past and has never been more important. Indeed, providing a safe, secure, and stable maritime system is an essential part of what our Navy does every day. We are not simply the keeper of the seas but the keeper of the global way of life as well. We are the primary guarantors of peace, prosperity, and maintain the open flow of goods on the oceans. Through every deployment and PCS move, spouses often endure separations as we shoulder the day-to-day responsibilities of managing and running a household, along with their own careers. While our ships and submarines are made of steel, our sailors and their families are the lifeblood of our force and at the heart of our birthday celebration. So today, for the seen and unseedened responsibilities you all carry and for the daily sacrifices you all make, thank you. Happy 246th birthday shipmates. See you in the fleet. See you in no sense. Ringing of the bell. Today, the Navy's birthday celebration encompasses the traditions of honor, courage, and commitment. The value of being second to none in the sailors who are the very foundation upon which we have built the world's greatest Navy. As directed for the bell-ringing ceremony, the bell will strike nine times to commemorate the 246th birthday of the United States Navy. Eight bells used to signal the end of the watch represents the end of the current birthday year. Sound eight bells. As we celebrate our Navy's 246th birthday, our history and heritage forms our identity, telling us who we are and what we stand for. Our core values of honor, courage, and commitment have been passed down from our founders who charged the Navy with the solemn duty to serve as the shield of our Republic. The first seal, the first real test our Navy faced was during the War of 1812. This war began at sea when the United States ships were ordered to have heave, sorry, to upon the high seas and U.S. citizens were forcefully taken or impressed into the crews of another nation's ships. The great battles that followed proved the designs, I'm sorry, proved the fighting metal of our sailors in the cutting edge of our ship designs. These battles established both free trade and free navigation as critical national interests of our country, interests that endure to this day. The warrior characteristics of cutting and boldness exhibited in 1812 inspire our sailors of today's Navy as they continue to serve around the world. The War of 1812 served as a critical turning point for our Navy on this 246th birthday of our Navy. We have the honor to serve in the greatest maritime fighting force the world has ever seen, but we do so with humility continuing to build upon the framework those fighting sailors forged before us. History teaches us that with great power comes great responsibility, teaches us that from the great captains and crews who fought single ship actions in 1812 to the commerce raiders of the Civil War, from the convoys of World War I to the major fleet actions at Coral Sea in Midway, from the blockade of Cuba in October of 1962 to the riverine operations on the Tigris and the Euphrates. Our Navy has boldly and proudly put our shoulder to the wheel. We have championed peace and we continue to shield the Republic. Here is to 246 years of proud naval heritage and many more. The single bell, ceremonial ninth bell traditionally used to signal the start of a new watch represents the start of a new year, our 247th year, tension one bell. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes our ceremony. Thank you for attending this year's birthday celebration. Now partake in the cut cake cutting ceremony, excuse me. Traditionally, regardless of location, sailors pause to observe our birthday by sharing a cake and usually a holiday meal. A sword is used to cut the cake as a reminder that we are a band of warriors committed to carrying arms so that our nation may live in peace. The first piece is presented to the oldest sailor in the command, signifying honor and respect accorded to experience and seniority. The oldest sailor this morning is Captain James Peek. It's Miller, sir. Symbolically, the eldest sailor presents. Elder sailor present passes a piece of cake to the youngest sailor present. Just as for years, our experienced sailors have nurtured and led young sailors that will fill our ranks and renew our Navy. The youngest sailor present this evening this morning is ETV2 Caleb A. Fritz. ETV2, we will now cut the cake. Well, I got you by a few years.  Yeah. All right. Right here. I tell you, what do you know on this side? All right. Cut it together. You put your hand on the plate. This is my sword. I've got my name engraved in it. It's good for weddings. I rented out a room with a sword. It depends on who's. Here you go. Please feel free to come up, enjoy some cake and fellow ship. Everywhere I go as your secretary, I'm inspired by the professionalism and the drive of every United States sailor that I meet. Each of you makes enormous sacrifices and achieves amazing things on the surface and the sky and beneath the waves. I have loved the Navy from the moment I took the oath of office at the United States Naval Academy. That is a love that has continued throughout my entire service from the waiting days of the Cold War to my time as an executive officer in the Pacific to my command of USS Bulkley after September 11th. At every command, I had the privilege of working with some of the finest chiefs, officers and enlisted sailors in the world. They came from different parts of the country and different parts of the world. Men and women of every religion, orientation and background joined by a common love of country and a determination to give back. My wife Betty and I know that Naval service places extreme demands on both sailors and their families. We thank each of you and your families for all that you do. You have my personal commitment as secretary that I will do everything I can to make sure you have the right equipment, platforms and training that you need to get the job done and return home safely. On this 246th birthday of the United States Navy, think about the chain we all help forge through our service every day. It is a chain that extends back to the sailing ships of the Revolution to the ever evolving capabilities of today's fleet. Our Navy has always been America's global guardian and always will be. Each of you writes the next chapter of our story through excellence, commitment and diverse perspectives that you bring to the Naval service. Let our history serve as your motivation and let the examples of the past bring a sense of urgency to our mission today. Whether you're wearing the uniform or serving as a civilian, be worthy of the legacy of all who served and sacrificed before us. The future of our Navy and our nation is in your hands. Thank you for your service and may God bless you and your families as we begin our 247th year. Happy birthday shipmates. Shipmates, C. and O. Gilday here with my wife Linda to celebrate our Navy's 246th birthday. The theme of this year's birthday celebration is resilient and ready, which speaks to the service, dedication and strength of both our sailors and their families. America's need for a strong Navy is rooted in our past and has never been more important. Providing a safe, secure and a stable maritime system is an essential part of what our Navy does each and every day. We are not simply the keeper of the seas, but we are the keeper of our global way of life as well. We are the primary guarantors of peace, prosperity and maintain the open flow of goods on the oceans. Through every deployment and PCS move, spouses often endure separations as well as shoulder the day to day responsibilities of managing and running a household along with their own careers. So true Linda and while our ships and our submarines are made of steel, our sailors and their families are the lifeblood of our force and at the heart of our birthday celebration. So today for the seen and unseen responsibilities you each carry and for the daily sacrifices you all make. Thank you. Happy 246th birthday shipmates. See you in the fleet.


Alright everybody, this is the Billy Shelf, which I really enjoy and love and we're gonna go over all the titles So let's take the figures out of the way. Let's get started Mark me if I'm wrong guys. This is my Figma or SH Figuard. I don't remember right now at the top of my head for Celty From Doudarara. Let's get her out of the way All right, let's get started. We've got Attack on Titan season one. Attack on Titan season one part two season two complete collection a Certain magical index a certain magical a certain scientific railgun. I should say season one missing both seasons two and the movie Black Lagoon, Roberta's blood trail We've got Boruto, Naruto the movie the boy and the beast Clanad and After-story and by the way, I'm sorry for the lighting. It's a little bit dim. So I had to turn on the flash Code Geass season one one of my favorite anime and season two R2 And of course code Geass Akito of the Exiled Cowboy Bebob the complete series Death Parade Digimon Adventure tribe Everything that's been released so far movie two three four I recently released five titled coexistence Do da da da the complete series or the first series I should say I'm blu-ray. This is one of my favorite shows as well Actually, who am I kidding everything in the collection is a favorite of sorts Eden of the East What are my top five anime of ever forever? Eodeca seven ending not so great sequel, but don't tell anybody I said that astral ocean Eodeca seven high evolution Movie one. This is sort of the reimagining movie trilogy and My Evangelion. I don't have the original series. I wish I would have gotten it when it was readily available But yeah, I do have Evangelion. You're not alone. This is the rebirth of Evangelion project Of course signed by Spike Spencer the dub voice of Shinji. So yeah, even gallium 1.11. You are not alone Even gallium 2.22. You cannot advance Evangelion 3.33. You cannot redo Over here. We have full monochromous brotherhood at the first set Part two part three part four part five and the star of Milo's movie the girl holds up through time ghost in a shell Let's move this pop out of the way the Geisha Ghost in the Shell arise episodes or movies one and two Movies three and four and The new movie the melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya seasons one and two and the disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya the movie housing ultimate the movies one through eight as well as nine and ten high school of the dead and The OBA here we have the second shelf goes all the way up to this part You got some regular DVDs, which I'll get to in a minute here academia pops that by the way We're there as a DC mother box and my Lelouch figure, so let's start That's Yoka part one Yoka part two Infinite strato's loop into third part for the Italian adventure. Love me some lupin. This is the The woman called Fujiko mean a series and the pseudo sequel I guess Jigan's gravestone or it's set in the same greedy continuity But we've got my here academia season one my here academia season two part one my here academia season two part two Mass Effect Paragon Lost. Yes. It's a production IG series or movie. I should say so yeah It is an anime based on the popular Video game the save edition of Michigo and Hachin miss Hokusai Prison school Samurai Champloo continuing the Watanabe goodness space dandy season one and Season two Shimonetta a boring world where the concept of dirty jokes doesn't exist spicy Steinsgate and Steinsgate the movie load region of deja vu Red line Amoru Hosura's wolf children and the deluxe edition of your name Over here is my the start of my Gundam blu-ray collection. I want to get every single Gundam blu-ray, but I am starting with the Universal Century stuff and eventually I'll branch out to other series I do have more Gundam on DVD, but I do want to upgrade those series Those shows as well. Here. We have mobile suit Gundam movie trilogy Zeta Gundam data Gundam part two double Z part one double Z part two 0080 worn the pocket on DVD Gundam F 91 charge counterattack 0083 08th MS team Gundam unicorn Thunderbolt December sky and of course the origin series and Let's get these guys out of the way these three I completely Forgot to take them out of my collection. They are supposed to go with the regular movie blu-rays But yeah, you know what they somewhat fit. It's Japanese oriented Got the criterion collection for seven samurai on blu-ray as well as lady snowblood and lady snowblood love song of Vengeance as well as Shin Godzilla one of my favorite movie monsters of all time Love me some Godzilla Let's take this mother box out of the way show you guys these DVDs of Satoshi Khan one of my all-time favorite directors. He's up there with the greatest Directors in my opinion. I mean he rest in peace and rest in power Just that guy was amazing and a tour to force in my opinion and every single one of his movies Frickin fantastic his one TV show as well, and I want to honor that this year. I want to start doing some Videos I guess on The work of Satoshi Khan, so I will be reviewing them if you haven't seen them I really recommend them. They are masterful animated movies with deep rich complex fun characters and just a dynamic Sense of being with his stories and characters that I don't know I haven't seen anything like that in quite a while to be honest perfect blue Tokyo God fathers Millennium actress my personal favorite out of all of them Paprika and a bootleg version of paranoia agent because it is extremely out of print and extremely pricey Online so yeah when Genie on went under unfortunately I couldn't pick up the series, but a friend of mine gifted me this bootleg copy So yeah, hey pirate things move on to this one over here. You get this isawa from my hurricane as well let's get him out and Yeah, this is basically my studio Ghibli collection I'm Like I don't mind the spines not matching But it sends my OCD into overdrive the fact that you've got the Disney Blu-rays mixed with the G kids You know G kids has the license so they they re-released everything with their slips and all that stuff I might upgrade in the future, but it's not a priority. I'm comfortable having these But yeah, they look pretty crazy on the shelf Nozaka of the Valley of the Wind Castle in the sky grave of the fireflies my neighbor Totoro Kiki's delivery service princess Muranoke only yesterday Porco Rosso Ocean waves Pompoco whisper of the heart my neighbors the Yamada's let me pull back. Sorry Spirit it away the cat returns house moving castle tails from Earthsea Ponia from up on Poppy Hill the secret world of arieti the wind rises the tail of princess Kavya and of course when Marnie was there next up some other random DVDs that I have stuck up here Waiting in the summer the complete collection This is sort of the spiritual successor to the next series that I'm gonna mention It is please teacher on it or own a guy teacher. Fun fact This was one of the first manga I ever read many many years ago, and I thought the manga came first I didn't know I was pretty green and when I saw the anime. I'm like cool They met an anime out of this manga. It was the other way around But I do enjoy the manga more simply because that was my first exposure to this comedy series I forgot to mention this earlier. It is the full monocomus Brotherhood OVA Collection Digimon digital monsters season one Love Digimon part of my childhood growing up Saturday mornings Fox kids. So there you go. Now. You know how old I am Kids on the slope complete collection. Let me some jazz The only any yasha thing I enjoy. This is the third movie, which was pretty good and One of my favorite shows Last exile I wish this was on blu-ray. I think it would look amazing over here We've got read or die the movie I guess sort of an OVA and the Viridian collection except this one of Detective Conan or a case closed. So that is it for the Blu-Rez. Let's go ahead and continue the adventure with my anime DVDs. All right, let's move the Bebop crew out of the way as well as this saber and you know, it's sort of double stacks So I'll start with this and then we'll talk about the stuff behind I Forgot to mention as well that I do have blue ray darker than black and the sequel darker than black Gemini of the meteor It got a I do believe Funimation Lousa license, which is a damn shame because it's a fun show man Mushishi one of the best shows around in my opinion same with the manga ghosts in the shell to innocence Ghosts in the Shell standalone complex Ghosts in the Shell standalone complex second gear Ghosts in the Shell standalone complex solid-state society Modi veto a beautiful underrated show that a lot of people slept on I love this series so much and the original novels as well speed grapher and Wolf's frame I got to get this on blu-ray by the way here. We have the original home of the optimist I love the original series just as much as the manga and brotherhood So yeah volume one all the way to volume 13, which is my favorite because it is signed by the wonderful Vic Minyana He was such a gentleman and such a fun dude to meet Here we have of course the conquer of Shambhala movie as well as the OVAs for the original series Next up from ADV remember ADV. You got the an angel volume one two three four five six and the final volume number Seven you got big wind up one of my favorite sports anime big wind up the complete series. This is the first part And the second part next up gun quotes you the count of Montecristo Really visually striking one of the best-looking anime around the chevalier the on book one Volume two or book two Book three. Oh, look at that is so dusty Book four Book five and the final book six or volume six The original fates day night release from Genie on And I don't think I have these in order. There we go. This is the first one Samurai 7 the anime adaptation of seven samurai Stride one of the most badass anime of the X-Men were anime this would be here Volume two Blu-ray transfer that'd be pretty badass You got summer wars turn Gundam part one and Turn a Gundam. I guess I should say part two Akira that for some reason I don't have on Blu-ray, which is weird only have the DVD And here go proxy the complete series Romeo and Juliet. This is an awesome adaptation one and two and You saw the Blu-ray earlier The steel book for The black Move on to the other shelf. You can see this one is pretty stacked. There's a lot of shonen jump titles in here Let's get to it One of my favorite anime of all time one of my favorite shonen jump titles of all time I've lived and breathe this series and I will continue to love it forever. I have two hour long discussion videos With my good friend Brian talking all about the first Naruto part the first series the original one So if you want to check those out, we were pretty crude back then and kind of cringe worthy But still fun, you know getting to talk with one of my best friends about a series that we both Equally loved so much. So yeah, I kind of want to link that at the end of the video in case you want to see it I don't know Here we have the one that started all Naruto the uncut box hit one Box two number three four volume five is where they started using characters on the covers Which thank you, you know, it makes it more appealing number six and side it is signed every or almost every single one of these books Our storyboards for episodes original storyboards from Japan I'd love owning this. This is so badass. I love watching this And comparing it to the actual episode. So what I wanted to show you guys is that this set is Signed by the voice of God, uh the English voice for God, uh, Liam O'Brien This was awesome. Here we have volume seven volume eight nine Volume 10 and number 11 or 12 volume 13 I skipped volume 14 for some reason and I just really haven't gotten around to getting it for so many years Here's volume 15 and volume 16 you've got the original movies for the first part Ninja client in the land of snow legend of the stone of Gellil Anyway, this is one of the debut Movies for Roger Craig Smith fun fact Guardians of the Crescent Noon Kingdom. This is the third movie and then we got into Naruto Shippuden Believe it was near Valentine's Day 2015 or something like that Naruto Shippuden set one box at two number three. This is where they really got artsy For and then out of the blue the sets maybe they were a little bit too expensive so they switched to regular DVDs. This is number five with the slip cover number six Number seven where they got rid of the slip covers number eight number nine number ten 11 12 13 14 15 Number 18 and number 19 number 20 21 22 23 24 25 The slip covers are back said 26 27 28 29th number 30 31 32 33 34 Number 35, you know, we could have waited because I think there's like three more So I guess eventually whenever I do a follow-up update video to this one We'll see the end of the Naruto Shippuden. It's been a fun ride. I love collecting the Naruto sets It's gonna be a pain in the butt whenever they say, you know what we're gonna do Blu-rays I don't know if I want to do I want to commit to re-acquiring it and double-dubbing probably not Oh and movies as well. I only have the will of fire, which is the third movie and I had to get the last Not into the movie, which you know sort of segues into Bo to go. My other Shonen Jump titles I Season two fortunately with bleach I don't have most of the stuff most of the DVDs and all that stuff so I will be getting the Blu-rays eventually for this This is set three these in four part one and then out of the blue. I jumped with season five And then Check out this huge gap. I'm gonna do from this box set which contains episodes 92 to 109 I make the leap to box set or I should say set 21 with episodes 292 to 303 and DVD set 22 With three hundred and four to three hundred and sixteen So yeah, that's a massive leap right there. It's because I found these sets for cheap. That's why bleach Memories of nobody. This is the first movie and I think I found this for like five bucks the hell first movie So that's all the bleach I own DVD wise Hopefully I will be getting the Blu-rays eventually my soul one piece item Set one and then I remembered. Oh, yeah, one bit one piece is eternal. I don't I don't want to collect it I'm sorry. It's a fun show. Don't get me wrong and manga, but I'm not gonna collect an eternal series and Here we have you you Hakusho up this set It's a little banged up I bought this used for cheap and I kind of do want to upgrade eventually to the Blu-ray sets Yeah You you Hakusho one of my all-time favorites Oh and this in case you're wondering I do have this as well the original US release for good and lagga I don't have the Blu-rays I think they're either out of stock or super hard to get or pricey. I don't know something You open it up and there is the six volumes right there. I love this set. I love this box set I should say so I don't know. I don't mind keeping this And not getting Blu-rays. Let's go down below where it's a mess. Okay for this one We're just gonna skim through them and I'll show you what's behind because it's double triple quadruple stacked Some Western shows sorry Trigon's Batman's rumble. I'm still waiting for a Blu-ray release one day I haven't gotten the complete series because of that fact. I am missing this movie on Blu-ray now that I think about it I don't have this I should upgrade soon Vampire Hunter D bloodlust the same as well The first Pokemon movie the original DVD release from Warner Brothers Chrono Crew save only one I was gonna collect it but that ending is way way too depressing and too sad So I decided not to get it knowing knowing or however you say it Gundam seed with the box said the original 10 Volumes See destiny set one with six volumes and the other six right here would set to open it up like an accordion Inside it's pretty cool Endless wall the final plus OBA thing that they did to fix the last destiny episode Endless walls the movie. This is another one that I want to upgrade and get of course the actual Gundam wing Blu-rays Gundam double O the first season and the second season and the movie I think I'm missing the OVA but regardless I do want to upgrade as well to Blu-ray Death note. I want to get the Omega edition. I'm missing that one, but I do have the original Black case DVDs. What is this blood plus seasons one and two? I don't have the cases for season one, but they're in here Don't worry about it. Go down or the complete set the thin packs. This is what is this? This is the premium edition of the first season of Ruroni Kenshin wondering samurai. This is the Tokyo stuff Sengoku Basara and the two Eden of the East movies. I forgot that those are Blu-rays as well That's coat gears and I do have this signed by the way. I Johnny young bush an amazing guy Really lucky to meet him. I forgot to mention this Cowboy B-Bop the movie and the original DVD said I have for bebop Which is autographed and personalized by mr. Steve bloom one of my idols Met him recently great great guy First volume of musishi you got Beast Wars Transformers. Oh more Kenshin Samurai X movies Sayuki movies random volumes by never the amada spirited away and those who hunt elves Wow That's really eclectic behind all of this Yeah, Dragon Ball GT because I was a completionist and I wanted to get everything Dragon Ball Dragon Ball Kai And I got to get rid of those orange brick sets because I want to get Kai the modding boost up as well I don't have super though I only have The two movies because I do not like the episodes the redone episodes Not a fan whatsoever. This is the Kyoto set from Rowing Kenshin fun fact. I was going to get the premium box set This premium box Which is really really fancy and cool. I love this. This is one of my favorite items in my collection Four season two and I found an eBay seller because this is long out of print by the way I found an eBay seller that was going to sell it to me for cheap I'm like, all right cool season two and I believe he had the pictures and stuff But he ended up swindling me and I got this instead. It's a custom box that he made or he got It's a custom box But I ended up keeping it because it looks pretty cool. I thought it was Pretty creative not what I wanted but whatever So, yeah, this is the Kyoto stuff here. We have the witch blade anime adaptation Complete box it I guess and oh Man, one of the best shows around it's such a damn shame that viz chickened out and I think it was due to poor sales But they didn't continue. I wish they would reacquire the license for this and release it on a blu-ray Box it or something like two boxes. Oh Man, this is quality stuff. This is monster from Naoki Urusawa. I love the manga and I love the anime This was the only set they released explicit content and Let's see if I can open it It has the first 15 episodes dubbed and all that stuff. It is signed by Mr. Liam O'Brien when I met him as well So, yeah, this is sort of a novelty because we're never gonna see a part two. So there you go guys the Poof that wiped me out. You know only nerds can get tired after talking so long and extensively about their collection Jesus Anyways, thank you so much. You guys are amazing. I've been wanting to do this for a whole year But you know Circumstances prevented me from doing so, but I'm so happy to be able to share this collection update with you guys in case you're wondering Good old can you see him? I don't know if you can see him or not. Let's see There you go. There's Voltron Boba Fett link Connor from Assassin's Creed. There is he's zoom in right there There's got some he's keeping this shelf safe from bad guys Guys, thank you so much for liking commenting subscribing doing all that wonderful stuff that you guys do hopefully the 2019 update video is Different with a ton of more awesome Series blu-rays dewey's whatnot. Thank you so much Let me know down below like I said at the beginning of the video if you want me to review a specific title or talk about a in-depth discussion or something let Me know so thank you guys. I'll catch you on our next video The disappearance


In today's video, we are going to talk about some interesting facts and myths about the Dinskoy cat. Often referred to as the Don Sphinx, Russian Dinskoy, Don Hairless, and Russian Hairless, the Dinskoy is a medium-sized, muscular cat known for having little or no hair and wrinkled skin that resembles human skin. These friendly, active cats are known for being very loyal. In fact, their loyalty is often compared to that of dogs, and they are also both incredibly intelligent and affectionate. Cats of this breed may get a lot of curious looks from strangers, as these felines are hairless. Some of the breed's kittens are born totally hairless, while others lose their hair over time. With its distinctive look, the breed has gained a reputation for being an eye-catching family pet. But remember that you'll need to exercise a little extra care and maintenance due to the breed's hairless nature. You may find these purebred cats in shelters and breed-specific rescues, so remember to always adopt. Don't shop if you're looking to add one of these kitties to your home. Here are some of the interesting facts about the Dinskoy cat, which will give you some further insight into its characteristics and temperament. 1. Dinskoy Cat's History The story of the Dinskoy begins in 1987 in Russia when a professor named Elena Kovalova noticed some kids playing soccer with a bag. When Kovalova heard the sound of meowing coming from inside the bag, she discovered that a kitten was being kicked around. After Kovalova rescued the kitten, she noticed that the animal began to lose their hair as they grew older. Later on, the cat gave birth to more kittens who also lost their hair or were born bald. One of these kittens was adopted by a breeder named Irina Nemekina, who began to develop the Dinskoy. The Dinskoy was officially recognized by the International Cat Association in 1987. These days, you may find Dinskoy's in shelters or in the care of rescue groups. So make sure to consider adoption if you decide that this is the breed for you. 2. Dinskoy Cat's Appearance The Dinskoy is a relatively typical breed. Of a semi-foreign body type, it is mainly characterized by the absence or partial absence of hair on its body. Most Donskoy's weigh in at 6 to 15 pounds. Of average size, it is very muscular and has quite large hindquarters. They have an elegant silhouette and a strong frame. They have long legs, in proportion to the rest of their body. An interesting characteristic of the Dinskoy is their webbed feet. They enjoy swimming outdoors. Their tail is long and slender. The Dinskoy's head is cuneiform, or wedge shaped with very prominent cheekbones, as well as wrinkles on the forehead. According to breed standards, the muzzle must be short and the chin clearly visible. Another particularity of the Dinskoy is that it sometimes has very long canines, sometimes surpassing the lips. Their whiskers, if they have any, must be curled. Their ears are large, very open, and placed high on the head. The tip is rounded and they bend slightly forward when viewed in profile. Their eyes are slanted and slightly almond shaped. According to breed standards, the color must catch their coat. Even if they share many of the same traits as the Sphinx, the breed criteria explicitly state that they are very different. This would constitute an eliminatory defeat during competitions. 3. Dinskoy cat's personality The Dinskoy has a reputation as one of the gentlest cat breeds around. They are loving and sociable and enjoy being around both humans and other cats, so if you already have a feline friendly household, definitely consider the Dinskoy if you're looking to add more cats to the homestead. Don scores love to be handled by humans, and will always want to be the center of attention when you're at home. It's vital to understand that the breed needs companionship, so this is not the best cat to adopt if you're away for long periods of the day due to work commitments or if you travel a lot. The Dinskoy is an intelligent and inquisitive cat, so you'll also want to provide an environment where the breed can explore and seek out new adventures on their own. Strategic use of smart and interactive toys can help keep your cat stimulated and satisfied. Hello. This video is sponsored by Beemix Pets. Are you looking for high quality cat collars at an affordable cost? Check out BeemixPets.com. Use coupon code KittenLife, to get 20% off. 4. Dinskoy cats common health problems. Don scores are generally considered to be healthy cats, although, it's important to schedule regular wellness visits with your cat's vet. Because of their hairless bodies, sunburn, sensitivity to hot and cold weather, and other skin issues are potential concerns for Dinskoy cat owners. These cats have also been associated with certain dental issues, such as tooth decay and gum disease, so tooth brushing is a must. Today, not all cat registries recognize the Dinskoy, and there have historically been numerous concerns about the genetic health of this particular breed. The dominant genetic mutation that causes hairlessness in both Don scores and Peterbalds could potentially cause feline ectodermal dysplasia in its homozygous form, which can lead to health issues such as an inability to either lactate or sweat. Similar dominant mutations can also cause the condition in hairless dogs. 5. Dinskoy cat's diet and nutrition. Because Don scores have a higher body temperature than most cats, this breed actually tends to eat more to maintain their body temperature during the winter. However, their intake should return to normal once winter is over. 6. Taking care of Dinskoy cat. As with all cats, it's important to keep up your Dinskoy's regular veterinary checkups to detect any health concerns early. Your vet can help you develop a care routine that will keep your cat healthy. Beyond scheduling yearly wellness visits with your vet, you'll definitely want to add a scratching post to your living environment. This can help promote healthy scratching and keep the cat's nails in good condition. The Dinskoy's ears should also be examined regularly for signs of dirt building up or possible infection. It's advisable to talk with your vet about starting a regular tooth brushing regimen that will suit your Dinskoy, especially as the breed is prone to suffering from tooth and gum issues. Your vet can advise you about specific brands and techniques. 7. Dinskoy cat's coat color and grooming. The Dinskoy's coat comes in four different types that can be many different colors. These coats are known as rubber bald, flocked, velour, and brush. Rubber bald cats are bald and remain that way for life. Flocked coats are yellowish and they disappear as the baldness gene takes over. Velour kittens have a bald spot on their heads with wiry, woolly hair on the body that disappears after their first year, though some of the coat can remain. Brush coats cover the whole body except for patches on the head and neck or back. When it comes to grooming, the Dinskoy is a hairless cat so you'll need to wipe the breed down daily. This is to get rid of oils that the skin produces, as a hairless cat, there is no hair to absorb the oils. You'll also need to instigate a bathing routine, ideally once a week but definitely at least twice a month. Climate is also an issue to keep an eye on. The Dinskoy does not fare well in extreme temperatures. Speak to your vet about applying a suitable sunscreen to the cat, and also consider a cat coat during the colder months. While Dinskoy's may grow a winter coat, it is often fine and not suited for very cold winters. Cats of this breed can sweat through their skin and even get tanned with exposure to sunlight, much like humans. That said, protection from the elements is a must, so talk to your vet. 8. Dinskoy cat to children and other pets. The Dinskoy is a friendly and social cat who does well with young children. Just be sure that early socialization takes place and boundaries are properly set on both sides, and supervise early interactions between kids and cats. When it comes to other household pets, the Dinskoy fares well with many domestic animals. Although, you'll want to supervise early interactions between the new cat and existing pets. Early socialization really pays off with this breed. Make sure to reward your Dinskoy for good behavior when you bring them home to your family. If you enjoyed this video, kindly press the like button. Also don't forget to subscribe with notifications on, so that you don't miss out on videos like this. Thank you for watching.


It's one o'clock on Monday afternoon and you are watching think tech Hawaii research in Manoa and it's a little bit different today because rather than being the guest I am doing the guest hosting. My name is Pete McGinnis-Mark. I'm a research faculty member at the University of Hawaii at Manoa and at least for today I'm going to be hosting one of our new guest speakers and this is Estelle Bonnie who is a graduate student at the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology and she's in the Geology and Geophysics Department as well. And we've got an exciting interview here today because we're going to be seeing some hot stuff. Estelle has been lucky enough to be traveling to the big island of Hawaii and her particular interest is studying lava lakes at Kilauea volcano. So Estelle welcome. It's a great pleasure to welcome you as my first guest and we're excited to hear a little bit about the research you have been doing. I understand that you have recently returned to Manoa after spending about two weeks at the volcano observatory on the big island. Is that correct? That's correct although it was one week, not two unfortunately. But I was there at the beginning of March working with Matt Patrick who is one of the scientists there at HBO who's doing a lot of research on Kilauea mostly and thermal remote sensing. So I worked with him on thermal remote sensing. What a great opportunity for a graduate student though to actually go and work with some professional volcanologists as well as to obviously be on the rim of Kilauea volcano for quite a long time. And I hope during this interview you'll tell us a little bit about your experiences there. But I understand that you are really working on the lava lake at Halimamo volcano. Is that correct? Yeah that's correct. So one of the projects I'm working on for my PhD is looking at Halimamo. So there's a lava lake that is at Kilauea summit. There's a lot of heat and people can see it as the glow at night, the spread glow. But you can also see it from space. So I'm using satellite images to look at that. Okay that sounds great. We've got a picture of Halimamo lava lake. Maybe if we can just see the first image up on the screen. And can you tell us what you're looking at here still? Sure. So this picture is actually taken from Halimamo crater. So it's you can see on the top right side of the image. It's actually HVO. That's where tourists can go and look at the lava lake. And HVO is the Hawaii Volcano Observatory? Yes, correct. Sorry. And so this picture is taken from an angle that tourists cannot see. And you can see the surface of the lava lake. You can see this black crust that's cold. And the incandescent cracks in between that's really hot. And that's what we detect from space. On this right side of the lava lake, if you go to the right, this really bright spot, I'm sorry on the left, to the right spot that's pattering. So there is bubble bursting. And in the background there, that low shallow slope, that's Mauna Loa Volcano. That's correct. That is correct. So that's the tallest active volcano on earth. It's rising at 4,000 meter high. That was the one which you opted back in March of 1984. Yes, that's correct. Now you actually spent a week out there. We've got a picture. The second picture will show you actually on the rim. And what kind of motivation did you have to go there? What can you learn by physically being on the rim of an active volcano? Can you tell us a bit about that? Sure. So actually that was the first time I've ever been on the lava lake, that close to the lava lake. So that was really exciting to me. And being there, you can feel the heat. You can smell the gas. And you can see and hear the activity of the lake. And it's pretty like, I cannot even find a good word for it. But being there, you can actually, it's more easily to understand what's going on and what you're studying. And this is the first time you've seen an active volcano. Or have you been to other volcanoes around the planet? And I was lucky enough to go to other places. I went to Mount Etna in Sicily for two weeks again. And I've seen one of the paroxysms there. And paroxysms for our viewers. What does that mean? Yeah, so they call paroxysm those strombolian eruptions, those short-term eruptions that produce those lava fountains, as well as the lava flow. Okay. And so the pyroclastic eruption is an explosive eruption. Is that correct? So that in Hawaii, it might be curtain the fire. People might have heard of that. Yes. Yes. Okay. So you're a physical volcanologist, meaning that you go out to these exotic parts of the planet and look at hot rock. What is it you're trying to learn? So there's a lot of things to learn. It's going to, but what I'm interested in is actually basically understand how this planet, our planet Earth is working. So by looking at from space or from the ground, you can measure temperature. You can measure speed. You can measure effusion rates of volume. And although this is really important for people monitoring the eruptions of the volcanoes to help hazards, understanding hazard better and protect people living down slope of the volcanoes. And of course, you and I both live here on Oahu. The amount of lava coming out also releases a large amount of gas. Is that correct? So we may be familiar with the term Vogue or volcanic haze, right? And those of us who have allergies, for example. So when you're studying Halimaumov volcano, can you tell us when we might have an allergic reaction a few days later? Or is that too far in the future? I guess no, that could be possible, but it's mostly taking into account the winds. So the prevailing, the trade winds in Hawaii are going south. And so it's going away from us instead of going towards us. So the Halimaumov is constantly emitting gas, but it's not always reaching us because we're north-west of the Big Island. But it has relevance for people living on other islands as well as the Big Island because of the gas presumably goes down, the trade winds might fail, and we see the volcanic gas on Oahu or on Kauai or something. Let's take a look at another picture if we may. And you can tell us this looks like an air photograph. Is that one that you took or is that? Yes, so I'm not sure that I took that one, but I was on the helicopter on that day. Must be exciting. It was definitely a memorable experience for me. So you get on this helicopter with the door open and you can just take videos and pictures the whole time. And I was with Matt Patrick and Tim Orr. Hopefully you were strapped in. I've flown on helicopters with no doors and it's quite an exciting thing when they bank around to the sides. Yeah, you're like taking a picture, but I don't want to go too far. Okay, and I think we have one other picture as well, which we can take a look at. Oh, and this is one at night. And are those things off to the left of the bright orange area? Are they your cameras or what kind of cameras? Those are not my cameras, but those are HBO cameras. They're the volcano observatories cameras. Okay. So those are thermal cameras. I'm not sure those are there all the time. I think those were not permanent. Okay, so those are the cameras that the survey has. If you go to their website, for example, you can see. I don't think not that one. Okay, so that's a different one. Yeah, actually, so they have one that they call the overlook, which is where tourists were able to go before the eruption started. Okay. And actually, on the first picture, you could see it on the left hand corner. Well, of course, this is a dynamic volcano, right? So looking at still photographs doesn't really give our viewers a good understanding what it's like. So I think you brought along a video, which we could perhaps take a look at now, to actually show what some of the dynamics are of the lava lake. Can we run the first video? Yes. Okay. And of course, there's some little bit of an introduction here. These are produced by the US Geological Surveys Hawaii Volcano Observatory. And there's the URL to the website. Yep. Everybody can go and see it. All right. Now, this is fabulous. Tell us what are we seeing here? All right. We're seeing the surface of the lava lake moving. So you can see it's mostly going from the middle away towards the sputtering area. And so this is the most of the time, the way it's going from actually north to south or left to the image from the right. That's the normal sputtering activity that's going on the Hellingman. Okay. And you said that it was spreading from the center outwards. What does that tell you? So there's basically movement. Is it a convection cell or something like that? Yes.  So I just changed it in size over time. Okay. When the eruption started, I believe it was about 35 meter wide. And now it's up to 250 meter wide. And how far below the rim is it? So it's also, again, changing. And they have measurements of the lake level over time. And Okay, let's run that video again while you're talking. So we can see it's really, really spectacular. And I love the way that, you know, it's just like plate tectonics. Yes. Yes, actually, people use plate mnemonic words and have like ridges and subduction zones to explain the level. And of course, we can see all the gas coming off from the sides. That's the volcanic Vogue, which is coming out towards Oahu and that sort of thing. And when you say that you can see these kind of lava lakes from what kind of detail can you see in your space observations? So I used a certain satellite called MODIS, which is the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectral Regimeter that has a one. A mouthful. The pixel size of the image is one kilometer squared. So it's not like low enough to see the movement at the surface, but it's enough to detect the heat from the lava lake. Okay, that sounds fascinating. To be able to see this sort of thing with a satellite, and presumably you come back on a regular basis with a satellite to see how it's changed and you can get some understanding. Does this let you predict when the volcano is going to be really active or not? So we're still working on that. So we one of the measurements we do is the radiant heat flux. So how much heat is emitted by the lava lake? And we get so because we do this measurement in the midway of infrared over from my friend. Anyway, we have to take into account the fact that this during the day solar ray can affect our measurement. There's a lot of mathematics or engineering or a lot of detailed research that you have to do. Yes. Yes. Okay. So but I'm only using nighttime data to get to just not taking into account this solar effect on my measurements. But then you can see how it changed over time and try to relate that to the lake level. Does that relate or not? Yeah, well, I think we're going to be having to take a break soon. But when we come back, it'd be really interesting to know how you as a junior graduate student working on your PhD can actually translate the kinds of observations you're making here at Heli Mao Mao and sort of how that affects your career. So I suspect that we're going to be taking a break soon. So you are watching Think Tech Hawaii. And this is Research in Manoa. I'm Pete McGinnis-Mark. And I've got Estelle Iboni here, who's a graduate student working on Kilauea Volcano. Hi, I'm Nicole Alexander-Inos, and I was born three weeks ago. Congratulations on being there for me for some of the few weeks of my life. I'm starting a new show, The Millennial Mind, every Wednesday at 2pm for the month of April, where we'll go over some of the reasons why millennials are some of the most anxious and frustrated people at the moment. I'm Ethan Allen, host of likeable science here on Think Tech Hawaii. Every Friday afternoon at 2pm, you'll have a chance to come and listen and learn from scientists around the world, scientists who talk about their work in meaningful, easy to understand ways. And you'll come to appreciate science as a wonderful way of thinking, way of knowing about the world. You'll learn interesting facts, interesting ideas, you'll be stimulated to think more. Please come join us every Friday afternoon at 2pm here on Think Tech Hawaii for likeable science with me, your host Ethan Allen. And we're back. And you are watching Think Tech Hawaii Research in Manoa. I'm the guest host, Pete McGinnis-Mark. I'm a research faculty member at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. And with me today is Estelle Burney, who is a graduate student at the university. And she's been telling us all about the active lava lake at Halimaumau in Kilauea Volcano.  And I'm interested as a graduate student, what's the point? People will see this show and they'll recognize it's a lot of fun, especially flying in helicopters, especially during nighttime observations. But what career-wise do you think is of benefit to you? Well, I guess the main point of going there and working in this type of environment for me is this is what I would want to do. This is definitely an environment that is really nice and challenging, but in a good way. So you want to do good research and monitor the volcano to help the research keep on moving and understand better how the volcano works and help people. So you want to be a volcanologist? Yes. That's right. So you spent like a week at Hawaii Volcano Observatory. What's it like for our viewers? Tell us, all the people there, are they geologists? Are they computer scientists? What kind of personnel are there? There's a lot of people working there. So I have to say that I also spent six months before I started my PhD working also at the Volcano Observatory. So I know them really well. And there's geologists, seismologists, gas geochemists, a lot of computer scientists, and even the tech people that help setting up all those equipment. That's very important. And they all work together hand in hand. Really, like, you can just go to the door and ask them a question about their specific subjects and help you out with your own research. So this is a great opportunity as a graduate student to be able to go and work with professionals. Is this the kind of place where you would like to work? Or obviously, people might be able to tell from your accent like mine, you did not grow up here on the Wahoo? No, I did not. So I'm from France. And unfortunately, as a French citizen, I'm not really able to work at one of those Volcano Observatory in the US. But we have others in other places in the world, especially one in La Réunion Island. It's in a French island in the middle of the Indian Ocean. And they have an active volcano there with the Volcano Observatory. That's just west of Madagascar, about 1000 kilometers or something like that. Yes, east of Madagascar. Very good. So you might actually become a professional volcanologist doing both fieldwork and satellite studies and that sort of thing. That would be the best thing that could happen to you. Well, let's take a look at some of the other images that you brought us. If we can go to the next slide, please. Oh, we've got another video. I'm sorry. So here we see a full description of the lava lake at the summit, the killer way of volcano, spatling at the lake margin. So here we go. And I guess what we're seeing here is the downward going part of this. Exactly. Right? Yeah. So the little, well, you can't see it as well as before, because it's not speed up this time. But as the gas is released in those bubble bursting is creating a downward movement. So the crust is and lava at this time is actually going down. Okay, maybe we can show that one again and take another look. And still, can you tell us what kind of scale are we looking at? Is it the same size as this table or this building? You know, it's really hard to get an appreciation for how big some of this. So I believe they use the crater wall as scale and the the highest. What do you see this red flubs pattern of molten lava is ejected. It can go as high 25 meter 25 meters, 80 feet. Yes, fairly high. Yeah. And so when we're seeing those fountains, those bursting bubbles, on Oahu, we're accustomed to lava flows like we see at Macapoo, or going at the Pali Highway, and they're just solid livers. What's causing the bubbles to be there? So that's just the gas is coming from down below. So it's right as it's rising up and actually exoles from the magma. Exiles meaning escapes from the magma. Yeah, and it creates this bubble and those bubble rising and then the crust is gets that it's not strong enough to keep it down and just burst and the pressure is too strong. Okay, okay. And what kind of gases are there? So you have a mix of different gases, CO2, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, some water, some chloride, fluoride, the bubbles are lesser amount. Okay. Okay. And where does this gas originate from? Is it sort of actually in the lava lake itself?  No, it's in the lava lake itself. It's in the lava lake itself. It's related to magma chamber, further down. And the magma chamber itself is presumably kilometers or even 100 kilometers down. Yes, those are worked out by geophysicists. And they use also different like deformation to estimate the volume of the magma chamber and how deep it is. So when you say geophysicists, that would be someone who might be studying the small earthquakes associated with volcano and you can tell where what depth? Yes, as well as tilt. So how much the volcano moves. So as magma comes up, pressure increase, and it makes the volcano flank actually rise. So it's like an inflating balloon. Yes. That's something fascinating. And you can measure that inflation of the balloon quite easily or very precisely. Yeah, they use GPS. My GPS has used a lot leveling technique as well. And they get really good precision. Not 100% sure how much, but it's in centimeter movement. All right. But but also, isn't there another part of the Kilauea volcano that is active now? There's the Puta'ua event, which is further down the east. So are the two connected or they are? How are they connected? So we believe that there is, though there's a magma chamber, but as the magma comes up, and it goes to the summit, but also there's another conduit that goes down towards the East Restroom. Okay, great. Let's see another video. These are really neat. Thank you so much for bringing them along. And again, point out these are all produced by the US Geological Survey. This one is taken from the actual HVO building, not from the overlook. So that's what people could see. And this so this is a distant view, but oh, what's happening there? What's happening there? So a rock fall, some of the create some part of the crater wall fell into the lava lake, and it disturbed the lake surface and created this big explosion. Okay, so is this the way that the lava lake expands? Yeah. And presumably, that is why tourists can't go to the same places you went. Exactly. Simply because that might happen. Let's see that one again, because that was quite catastrophic and fun. All right. And this is sped up, of course. And so that brown cloud. Yeah. Is that the volcano exploding? Or what? What do we see? So I think there's a mix of the rock falling down. So there's a mix of old material that's from the crater wall, but as well as some of actual lava from the lake. I love the way that the surface of the lava lake was just down around and you had all of I'm presumably, that's because you had these rocks falling from the cliff behind it. Yes. And and either releasing gas or the big boulders just sinking through the lava. Yeah, because it's so the crust is usually colder. But as the rock fall, it's making the the hotter lava that's underneath, come back to surface. And and that's recelibrating over time. And does this happen often? Or are we just really lucky to have seen this one event? No, it's pretty often. It's pretty often once a day or no once a year or I would say maybe like once every couple months. We've got one more video. So let's just see if you can tell us. And this is another video of spattering of the lava lake. So this is just another great view. Obviously, you wouldn't be able to get as close to the lava way to see this. But I remember I worked out on the 2.0 lava lake back in the 1980s. And this is a very common. Yeah. So actually, some part of this, you cannot see because it's become another view and the creator role is hitting it. But I've seen something like that too. In my clava pond. So instead of being a continuous lava lake, you can form those kind of lava ponds that pull a flower and the same thing happens. Great. Well, so yeah, as we draw to close on the show, what's next for you? Getting your PhD, of course, which is the obvious thing that a graduate student has to plan for. Where does your research take you? What do you need to know? What do I need to know? Well, I need to know a lot more. There's still a lot more to know. But I mean, it's a tricky question. And for me, I will try to have a postdoc and eventually hopefully get to my objective to be working in an observatory someday. Okay, well, I think we're drawing to the end of the program. Let me just remind you, you're watching Think Tech Hawaii right here every Monday, 1pm Hawaii time. So we've been watching some spectacular videos. Our guest today, Estelle Bonnie has brought along Estelle. Thank you so much for being with us today. It's been a great pleasure. You are my first guest. I'm hoping that there will be many more from the university as some fascinating research which is being done there. So thank you once again for coming along. And thank you, the audience. I hope you found this very interesting and that you'll join us again next Monday for Think Tech Hawaii. See you then.