My name is Andrea with Foodimentary Adventures in Food.  On our channel, you'll find simple and tasty dinners using everyday ingredients. So I am trying out a new recipe for dinner tonight. I am making honey barbecue chicken wings. So I have about two and a half pounds of chicken wings here. And then in this bowl, I have my flour mixture. So there's flour, chili powder, there's kosher salt, black pepper, paprika, and garlic powder. I have a prepared pan here. I've lined it with nonstick foil and I sprayed it with grape seed oil. And then I've got my oven preheated to 350, 425 degrees. So I'm just going to get in here with my hands.  Okay, so I've got my wings coated. Here is how much flour mixture I have left quite a bit. But I am going to pop these in the oven.  Okay, so the wings are done. I bake them for 45 minutes. In this bowl, I have barbecue sauce and honey. I am going to toss the wings and the sauce, put it back on the baking sheet, and bake these for about 10 more minutes. Okay, so here are the wings. Super easy to make. And I cannot wait to dig in serving the wings with some leftover macaroni and cheese and green beans that we had in the fridge. So this is what we are having for dinner tonight, and we will see you all next time. So we are eating from our freezer for dinner tonight. I know I sound a little hoarse and stuffy, but I'm pushing through. So in my pantry, I have this char sui. I hope I'm saying that right, sauce. It's a little packet. And I actually marinated the meat last night, so I do not have the package. I threw it away, but it was enough for about two and a half pounds of these pork steaks. And as you can see, it kind of has that red tint. If you eat a lot of Asian food or been to Asian buffets, you seem like that red pork. And I think this is what that is. So we're having that. I had some spinach, fresh spinach in the fridge, sauteed that. And then I also just made some fried rice with my favorite Kekomen mix that I mentioned all the time that Kekomen fried rice seasoning mix. So this is what we are having for dinner tonight, and we will see you all next time. So for dinner tonight, I am making hamburger steaks with ravey. Howard and I have not been feeling well.  And we really haven't been eating like comfort food or anything at all. And I had a craving for it today. So I made some cabbage and I fried it in bacon grease, not the bacon that I normally do. So I just got some cabbage, sauteed and some bacon grease. I am boiling some potatoes for mashed potatoes. And then I've got my ground beef cooking here. I've got six patties. I used 80, 20 ground beef and season it up with onion powder, garlic powder, salt and pepper. I'm just going to let these brown on both sides. And then I am going to make a roux and I'll show you all those steps. So I just added in my flour and I had to actually add a little bit of butter to it in order to make a roux. So I'm just going to let this cook up until it gets brown, probably for about five minutes during it occasionally. Okay, so my roux has been cooking for about five minutes. Now what I'm doing is adding in some beef broth. Of course that is Harrison. I'm using water and then I have two these packets of beef bouillon. Okay, so here is dinner. I was planning on recording a lot more of dinner, but as I was cooking I realized I still don't feel that great. I don't have that much energy, but I will make sure to leave the recipe that I loosely followed in the description box. As you can see my hamburger patties kind of shrunk down to like a giant meatball, but they do have good flavor. I did have to add some cornstarch slurry in order to thicken up that gravy because it was a little bit too thin for me. But anyway, this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we will see y'all next time. So for dinner tonight I am making this pork shoulder. I guess a month or so ago Kroger had their pork shoulder on sale for pretty cheap and so I bought a large one and then brought it home and then Howard cut it up into three different little roasts for us. But I am going to make it in the crock pot and I'm going to use this sweet chili Korean barbecue style sauce that I've had in my pantry for a while and there are instructions on it for slow cooker. So that is what I'm going to do. I'm not going to make tacos out of it. I think I'm just going to serve it over some rice with some broccoli. So this is what it looks like after I dumped it out from the jar. I'm going to cook this low and slow for probably about eight or nine hours. Okay, so here's our dinner. I let this cook for about eight hours, about seven hours in. I shredded up the pork a little bit. So here it is on the plate. Let me show it to you in the crock pot and this is what it looks like. Howard thinks it has a good flavor. I don't think it really has much of a flavor at all. Definitely need some salt or something to it but I'm glad I finally used up that simmering sauce because I've had it for a while. If you happen to have this in your pantry or see it again, I would definitely season your meat first. It definitely needs some salt or something like that.  I sauteed the broccoli in grape seed oil and this sea sting. So this is what we're having for dinner tonight and we will see y'all next time. So for dinner tonight we are having barbecue ribs. We had some ribs in our freezer that we needed to use. So Howard grilled them, seasoned them with, excuse me, this mixed up salt. Crazy James, crazy mixed up salt. Use some onion powder, some paprika and then this is the barbecue sauce that we used. We both really like it a lot. I also made some macaroni and cheese. Now I do have a recipe for crock pot macaroni and cheese on our channel. I used that recipe but I baked it in the oven to cut down on time. I'll link it in the description box and then I just made some green beans and seasoned them with some season salt and bacon. So this is what we are having for dinner tonight and we will see y'all next time.


Scientifically, it takes our brain about a fourth of a second to actually perceive something after it happens. We're only actually watching or observing what's happening in the past. So then when are you? When are you exactly?  So I'm going to review that secret to you. And when you think about that, well, we learned about hypodimension. So what is the frequency? We always talk about frequencies, quantum frequencies, right frequencies, PMF frequencies. Like what is the frequency? Well, scientifically speaking, it's basically a rate of speed. How fast something is moving in a certain period of time or some kind of oscillation. And you can see here in the diagram, this is a basic sine wave with basic three sine waves that are happening at the same time. But when we talk about frequencies, we also know that there are right frequencies. A lot of our technology is based on right frequencies, and right frequencies are created or invented by Dr. Royal Life, who theorized that there was a potential of killing diseases or cancerous cells by sending an electrical pulse identical to the cell's unique electromagnetic frequency. These frequencies were known as right frequencies. So he claimed that he had proof that he could destroy cancer cells. And actually, reason that YouTube, there's another person who's done the same thing, and it's nothing new. Basically, right frequencies is a way to do two things. It has a blunt effect, that's the first way, blunt effect, meaning it uses sound to vibrate something physically, back and forth, back and forth as fast as possible, until it vibes so quickly that it breaks, right? The second way that right frequencies work is through a subtle way. Let's say that you want to, you don't want to just shake it back and forth to break it. You want to target something inside of a cell, let's say part of its internal system, or you want to move the cell, or you want to decapacitate the cell. Then what do you do? Basically, this is how it works. Every frequency has three things, as I mentioned. Frequency, which is the length divided by one unit length of time, and this is the measurement of a dimensional structure. So it could be a structure, it could be something as big as a building, or it could be something as big as a planet, or it could be something as small as an atom, or even a cell in your body, or a virus, or a cancer cell, or a cancer virus, or whatever you call it. Another way is by calculating the resistance that the frequency has to travel through. For example, your body has a lot of water in it, so it has to have enough, it has to calculate the resistance of your body's water, so that it has enough amplitude, or so to speak, the power or volume in order to penetrate that water and to affect that cell, or affect that virus. It causes destruction of cells or direct manipulation of it, or it causes some kind of entropy or loss of energy. Let's say, for example, that there's a tiny worm or a cancer cell and that there's a dominant behavior. Let's say that it breathes more than it eats, and it does that for a certain cycle. Let's say every three and a half minutes it does that certain behavior, or it takes 80 seconds to digest something. So what you can do is actually use frequencies to disrupt the pattern, but disrupt the repetitive behavior of that cell. And by doing that, you are basically manipulating the operating processes of the cell, and you can potentially do the same thing, make it sick, or make it collapse on the cell. You can actually target different parts of a primarisium. So if right frequencies can destroy structures, what if frequencies can reinforce structures instead? For example, what if we can make healthy cells stronger, make bones stronger, and make your organs healthier? If you can make frequency, let's say an opera singer sings, and it shatters the wine glass. How does that happen? It's because the opera singer's voice creates a frequency that resonates with the glass, and it shakes the glass so violently that it shatters. But what if you can use that same idea to reinforce a structure rather than to shatter it? Because it should be able to do the same thing. Primary right frequencies were designed to alter physical structures. That's their primary purpose. So brainwave entrainment is a study done by the Monroe Institute, and it shows that brainwaves can be measured with electromagnetic field in your brain. We all have it, and they measure people with brains, and some of those who have more noise in their brainwaves, for example, that means that it was out of harmony, just imagine there's a little kid playing piano and they're mashing all the keys like this, that doesn't sound good, right? Imagine that there is that happening in your brain in the form of electromagnetic waves. All this noise is happening. They found that there were a lot of negative issues and health issues with people that have that kind of brainwave pattern. Now the opposite is true. They found that people who had coherent brainwaves, brainwaves that were in harmony with each other, had positive health attributes, positive mental and physical health attributes. How can you program your brain into these deeper, lower frequencies when you can't actually hear them? What sound could you play in order to make that brain tune to that frequency? For example, if you want to tune to 50 hertz, you can easily play 50 hertz, it'll sound like, but you can still play it, it's very low, but you can still hear it. But if you want to tune your brain to 5 hertz, that's below any kind of sound that any speaker can make, or any phone can make. So how do you play a sound in order to program and entrain your brain to a lower brainwave? So the secret is in something called binaural beats. A lot of us has heard of binaural beats. So what does it mean? What does it mean by binaural beats? Is it some kind of drum beat or something like that? No, it's not a drum beat. Only what it means is it's creating a differential through your two ears. So it's basically creating a differential. So let's say that you want to hear 10 hertz. What happens when you play 250 in one year and 260 in the other year? What happens is that the difference is 10.  So basically you use two frequencies to make a child frequency. And that's how you create lower frequencies inside of your brain. So what is hyperdimensional? You remember that we are going to share with you hyperdimensional frequencies. Well, that just basically means it's beyond the conventional three dimensions. So we're going to the fourth dimension. What is 40 then? 40 is basically now using the same concept. Because what happened, what did we do from 1D to 2D? We just added another 90-degree dimension in toward our dimension. Now we created a square. What happened from 2D to 3D? We just created another 90-degree dimension and it created a cube. So what happened from 3D to 40 is just a simple extension of that process, which is to add another 90-degree dimension into it, and that creates 4D. So to explain this a little further, I got some chopsticks. You have chopsticks or some straws, you can play with this at home. So if I do this, this is one dimension. Now what if I add another 90 degrees to it? And now you can see there's two dimensions. Now if I add another 90 degrees to it, what does that become? Now that's three dimensions. So where's the fourth dimension? The fourth dimension is here. So now we have four dimensions. And now if you object with this, this is what it's going to look like. It's the tesseract. So those are the four dimensions. What they are are complex information fields of intention. So that's the technical way of explaining it. So for example, we are using different kinds of input into creating different dimensions in our frequencies. For example, there's space, there's time, there's our sensory input, which is the current measurement or current composite moment of our experience using our five senses. So that itself is, we can say it's the three dimensions. Now if we go further and we add the conscious process, now we add another dimension, which is the fourth dimension. Magnetic fields in spring wave states. So there's the German scientist, his name was Hamer, and he discovered that our internal brain wave processes correspond to our moods and cooler health. And then the magnetic fields that are measured in our brain or measured throughout our organs, if they saw in the scan there were these black marks or pot marks in the field, they would correspond to negative emotional states. So let's say you took a brain scan and they found that they measured the electromagnetic field or took some organ scans. And they can see that there's some empty shadows in that electromagnetic field. Well, wherever there's a shadow, it just shows that your emotional state is actually poor in that organ, in that part of your body. And what they also found is that if you can change those magnetic fields around the organs and around your brain, that person naturally starts to get well. Let me ask you again, what if every single moment in time and space has a unique electromagnetic footprint? For example, emotions like joy have a landscape and exposing a person to that landscape or to that quality will start to move them to that state. OK, so I'm going to show you exactly how to do just that. How you can create reality by using frequencies. Here's a person who tested it with leaves. So with a leaf with no frequency treatment, they put it in the both of the leaves in a really pretty poor environment, like poor lighting with cigarettes, incense and house. It was hot and they have perfumes and different aromas, which is not good for plants. So they put in there. And then one of them that didn't receive the frequency, you can see if you blow this up, you know, there's black spots and it started to shrivel up and things like that. Now they had a leaf from the same plant and they played frequencies during the same period on the plant. And after a few days that it had no black spots, no signs of decay and no discoloration. Maybe this is one of the secrets that the Egyptians had in order to to preserve their mummies, right? Here's another test that one of our closed group people did using our frequencies based on plant growth acceleration. So this person had three pots of plants, the same size, same soil, one grain of wheat in each pot. So what happened? Part R, the one on the right here, had no frequencies and it grew to 23 centimeters. Part L here, the red one here, grew to 26 centimeters, was exposed to crystal ball healing sounds. So these just had a crystal ball and they rang the ball to this plant. Now Part D grew to 32 centimeters and that was exposed to the frequencies. So frequencies actually help this plant grow faster than all these other plants. Here's another test that we did was using the frequency on water. So with no frequencies, they put this water in a bucket or in a bowl and after it's frozen you can see that there's no real uniformity in the ice. Now the ones that treat every frequency, so we played the frequency to the water and we froze it and you can see it had uniform uniformity in the water as if the water itself underwent some profound changes in this geometric symmetry. And that's just by exposing it to a frequency. This is not even an electrical magnetic, this is just the sound. Blood samples. So here's someone who was looking at their actual blood samples in a microscope. So this is 6 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 5 p.m. before exposure to the frequency. You can see the blood cells kind of clumping together.  They're called aglutinated, I don't even know how to pronounce that. So about two hours later, or two hours, 40 minutes later, after playing the frequencies, they did the blood sample again, looked at it under the microscope and looked what happened to the blood cells. The blood was fluid with no more aglutination. Release of bacteria is stronger. So the morning after they did the test again and you can see some of it was nice and even, but then some of it started to be sticking together again, which shows that something happened in the middle. Something happened to their blood while they were listening to their frequencies. It actually made it more fluid. It actually made it more healthy because all that blood cells sticking together is one of the first signs of cancer. Let me give you a word of warning. So if you do use these frequencies, you may experience states, mental states, emotional states that you may have never experienced before. And these states may be quite intense. So we've had situations where people who are chronically depressed start to cry and then we ask them why are you crying? And then they say, I just feel so happy. And some people, they get such a kick from these that they start using them all day long, but they're not intended to be used all day long because that actually stresses out your adrenal bands and then you start to overload your system with too much energy. So use it according to the guidelines that we're going to give you. Also, there's different mixed reactions with people who have sociopathic tendencies. What do I mean? For example, they react in two extreme ways. Either they will just don't like it at all because it's unnatural for them. Or they will experience something that's in a dramatic or pronounced effect. So for example, if somebody is manic depressive, they would either have it when they're in a negative phase, it would make them feel very annoying, or it would make them feel very uncomfortable because they want to stay in that negative phase and they don't want to come out to a positive phase. So when they hear a track or one of our frequencies that are intended to help them elevate themselves, they will find it annoying because they want to stay in the negative. Let's work together as a family, as a group, as a team to raise the vibration of the planet and to really make a difference. So until next time, use the Chi and Prosper.


Hi everyone. I hope you all are doing well. In this video we're going to talk about a concept called Recursion. Recursion is very important in computer science. It's a way of solving problems that's a little bit different than the normal algorithmic approaches you have used so far. Some of you may have encountered Recursion in 131, but we'll talk about it a little more in this class because it's going to be a mechanism that we can use to solve some common problems with our data structures. As we get started, go to the module for this video and make sure that you have downloaded the Python file that's there because we're going to be typing in some code. Then also download the Recursion worksheet. I would encourage you to print out that worksheet. I think it's four pages. You can also edit it in a Word document would be fine as well. What is Recursion? Recursion is a method of solving problems that involves breaking a problem down into smaller and smaller pieces until you get to a small enough problem that you can solve easily. That's a lot of words. What does it mean? What does it look like? When you have Recursion in code, what you are talking about is writing a function or method that does something and that function calls itself inside itself. That is the essence of Recursion. We'll go in an example here in a minute. Why on earth would you want to do this? What is it used for? The main way that we have solved complex problems to date is via iteration. If you think that you have a collection of something and you want to do something to every item in that collection, you iterate over that collection and do something. Maybe you can search it, maybe you can find the max, maybe you can change the values of everything. Recursion can be used to solve similar problems. In fact, any problem that you can solve using iteration you can solve with Recursion. Think of Recursion as a fancy method that just calls itself until it solves the problem. Why Recursion? Sometimes some problems are easier to reduce into smaller ones to solve using a strategy called divide and conquer. Make the problem smaller and smaller and smaller. It's just easier to think about the solution that way. Not for everything, but for some problems. We will see some examples of those, particularly in the coming parts of the class. Some problems have a very elegant recursive solution, meaning you write methods that solve the problem by calling themselves on smaller and smaller pieces of the problem versus iterating over the whole list or what have you. It may not seem intuitive right now, but there are things that we will encounter for sorting data collections and also trees. When we get to trees at the end of the class, algorithms that operate on the tree data structure are much easier to write recursively than they are iteratively. Here's an example. We have already talked about binary search. We looked at a iterative binary search algorithm. Just to illustrate a little bit, we had this slide in a previous lecture. If you want a binary search, we've got Mario in his blocks, and whenever he jumps on a block, what he learns is the mushroom is either to the left or to the right of wherever he jumps. The iterative solution to binary search, which we went about before, is we start with the whole collection of blocks, and then in the first collection he jumps to the middle, and he learns the first iteration, he jumps to the middle, he learns the mushroom is to the right. In the second iteration, he jumps over here into the middle of this group, and here he learns it's to the left of that. Finally, in the third iteration, he jumps to this middle slot, and then he finds the mushroom. This was iterative. It's dealing with the whole list each time. If you remember your binary search algorithm, you had these two variables that were keeping track of where's the beginning of the list, the first item that we're going to look at, and where's the last item. We moved that first item and the last item as we narrowed down our search. This is a divide and conquer strategy. The recursive solution looks like this, but it's got a fundamentally different premise. We're going to start at the same place here. We tell Mario to do the same thing, jump to the middle in order to learn something about where the mushroom is. We're calling our recursive function, and here my recursive function is called search, and I search on the list, which is going to be this thing. It's my variable holding this thing. My first recursive call, I'm searching the list, which means jump here and find out is the mushroom to the right or to the left. Well, I learned that it is to the right. Now, the recursive step, the kind of big different part of this is rather than keeping the whole list, what we will do is we will call search again, but we will only search on this part of the list. So effectively what this means is that all the rest of the list is gone from the computer's perspective. The function, when it gets called, it only knows that this list from start to finish exists. So it only looks at this piece. Well, okay, so now it applies its exact same algorithm. The code is exactly the same because it's calling the same function. So the body of the function is the same. It jumps to the middle and it learns, hey, the list, the mushroom must be over here, kind of to the left of Mario. But it still hasn't found it. So it will once again call the search method, but it's only going to search this little piece. And so it does search this little piece, right? And the rest is gone from the perspective of the computer, and it finds the mushroom. At this point, we don't call search anymore because we found it, we're done. In the iterative version of binary search, this terminated our loop. But here, in a recursive call, we've reached what we call the base case. We've solved it, we've found the answer. True, yes, the mushroom is here. It is in the list of blocks, return true, okay? So we're done, we're stopped calling. And this is just an illustration of the difference between iteration and recursion, okay? So recursion and coding, and we're going to go into the code a minute, hopefully make this even more concrete, right? Recursion is when a function calls itself to solve smaller and smaller problems. We call this the recursive step. So we're calling itself on smaller and smaller pieces of this list until it reaches the base case. The base case is something that the function knows the answer to, right? If I hit the mushroom, then I found it return true, right? Then all the functions we've called ourselves, inside ourselves, the functions all return and their results are kind of combined to solve the problem. Now we'll see some examples where there may be more than one base case, but we'll get there in a few minutes, okay? So we're going to switch over to some code now. So if you haven't done it already, switch over to your PyCharm editor and open the examples for recursion example stubs, it's called. So let's look at a... We're going to look at a trivial example of a function that can be solved both... or a problem that can be solved both iteratively and recursively, and that's computing the factorial of a number, right? So how do you compute the factorial of something? So what do I mean by factorial? I mean compute and return n squared, n with the little exclamation mark, which is n factorial, right? So if you don't recall, what is 5 factorial? Well, 5 factorial is 5 times 4 times 3 times 2 times 1, right? This is the definition of factorial. So it's pretty easy to write an iterative method that solves this problem, okay? So my iterative function takes a value n, which is going to be my integer that I compute the factorial of, and then 4i in the range of 1 to n plus 1, total times equals 5, okay? So, you know, we can check this out. Let's compute the factorial of 5, and I've run my code and it's 120, right? 5 times 4 is 20 times 3. 20 times 3 is 60. 60 times 2 is 120. Times 1 is 120. So that's my answer, right? So this is a very simple iterative solution because I'm using a loop here to solving the factorial. And, you know, you can use it to solve whatever you want. 12 factorial is this largest number, right? 479 million, it looks like. Okay, so let's write a factorial function here that uses a recursive solution, okay? So a recursive solution has to do two things. One, it has to call itself on smaller parts of the problem. And two, it has to have a base case where it knows to stop, okay? So, the recursive approach to the factorial, right, is to think of, all right, well, what is 5 factorial? Well, it's 5 times, what? 4 times 3 times 2 times 1. But we could rewrite this part as 5 times 4 factorial. Well, what's 4 factorial? Well, 4 factorial is 4 times 3 factorial. And so on and so forth, right? Is 3 times 2 factorial, right? 2 factorial is 2 times 1 factorial. And 1 factorial is our base case. It's like the most trivial thing. What is 1 factorial? Well, 1 factorial is 1, right? So, this is a recursive approach to solving the factorial problem. What does it look like in code, okay? So, whenever we're going to code our recursive functions, usually what you want to do is think of them from the base case on back, okay? So, what is the base case here? When are we going to stop? Well, if our parameter is equal to 1, okay? That's our trivial base case where we know how to stop. Well, 1 factorial is 1, so let's return that, okay? But if n is not 1, greater than 1, hopefully, what do we want to return? Well, we want to return the value of n, whatever this was called with. So, say it was 5, it was called with 5, right? We want to return 5 times the factorial of n minus 1. Well, what's n minus 1? n minus 1 is 4, okay? So, what happens now is when this code is called, let's call it factorial of 5, right? The first time this code runs, the value of n is 5. If 5 equal equal 1, well, that's not true, so our else clause will trigger, let's return 5 times the factorial of n minus 1. Well, n minus 1, if n is 5, it's calling factorial of 4, okay? So, then this code executes factorial of 4, n equal 1, no. Return factorial of 4 times factorial of n minus 1, which will be 3 at this point, right? So, kind of what you wind up in is the situation where factorial keeps calling itself. This is the recursive step, right here. Factorial is, excuse me, calling itself, but every time it calls itself, it makes the parameter smaller, makes the problem smaller. But you don't get that return value, right? So, you're going to get a whole chain of these return n times factorial of n minus 1 times factorial of n minus 1. You kind of have a big, long chain of one another, them. But the actual return value, the final result, the final answer, is not computed until you hit this base case, and it returns 1, okay? But this solution should work.  Oh, I got to call it inside the block, okay? 5, factorial 5 is 120. Let's do the factorial of, what did I do before, 12? There it is. So, it's working, right? And you'll notice, right, these two are giving me the same answer. So, yeah, we've got both an iterative solution and a recursive solution to this problem, right? One is looping over a range of values and calculating a running product, and the other is recursively calling itself and also, in a way, calculating a running product, okay? So, this is kind of a, it's a strange notion, it's a strange concept. I'm going to switch over to the worksheet now and illustrate it on paper and hopefully it'll make a little more sense what's going on inside the computer. So, I'm in my worksheet now. I'm on, actually I'm on page two of the recursion worksheet. And I want to talk here about how to think about and design your recursive algorithms and also how to trace them and think about what's going on inside the machine while they are executing, okay? So, if you have to design an algorithm to solve a problem recursively, you need to remember there are two parts of a recursive algorithm. The first part is there's a base case, potentially more than one base case, where the algorithm stops because it knows the answer. And the second element is you have to have a recursive call to the function calling itself on a smaller piece of the problem, okay? So, what does that mean? Let's look at it in the context of our factorial function, right? What is the base case of the factorial function? What is the thing we know the answer to? Well, the base case of the factorial function is when we want the factorial of n when n is equal to one, right? One factorial is one. We just know that that is truth, right? It's a trivial base case, right? So, generally you want to think about your base cases first. So, our base case is going to be when n is equal to equal to one, what we want to do is return one, okay? So, I'm going to use this little arrow to indicate we should return something, right? Otherwise, else, you know, not the base case, what do we want to do? We want to return n, whatever the value of n is, right? If we call factorial of five, n is five, times, this is the recursive step. So, we've got to call ourself, call the factorial function itself, factorial of n minus one, right? And it's this n minus one step that is the recursive step that's going closer and closer, making the problem smaller and smaller. We're progressing toward the base case, right? If we keep doing n minus one, enough times, eventually, n will equal equal one, and that's our base case that we know how to solve, okay? So, how do we trace this, right? We made a huge emphasis earlier in the semester on being able to trace program execution.  And what we're doing in the slice trace is we're going to show the computed return value and any function parameters or local variables relevant to the computation. Okay, so let's just see an example. There's only one parameter, one variable in play here, and that is n. So, this keeps it relatively simple, right? So, we're going to execute our code, right? Print the factorial of five, right? So, the factorial of five. What is this going to print? I don't know yet. I'm calling factorial function, and I need to wait for it to return before I know what to print, okay? So, this is just going to stay blank for a second, but let's pretend that we've called this statement. All right, so the first time factorial is called. It's called where n has the value of what? Well, five, because that was the argument that I called factorial with, all right? Now, let's refer to our pseudocode. What do we do? Well, if n equal equal one, we return one, and surely is not equal to one. So, otherwise we are returning n times factorial of n minus one, all right? So, we're going to return five times what? Well, we don't know the answer yet. You know, more importantly, the computer doesn't know the answer yet. It just knows it's going to return five times something, but that something hasn't been computed yet, okay? So, what happens though? Well, the computer goes into another execution of the factorial function, right? These are nested calls. So, you can almost think of these as being written out like this. If I can get my pen to cooperate. You can almost think of these like this. Factorial of five is factorial five times factorial four, right? And factorial of four times factorial of three times. You know, you can kind of think of them like this, right? They're kind of nested within one another. It's ugly in the program execution because what you're doing is every time you call one of these methods, you're pushing it on top of the call stack. And if you remember very early in the semester, we talked briefly about the call stack, about how when you call a function, Python pushes onto the call stack where you just called it from, and then it goes and executes the function and returns back to where whatever's on top of the stack. This is happening a lot with recursive functions, right? And the number of factorial calls on the call stack. Well, that depends on how your recursive method is written, right? But anyway, let's continue tracing this, okay? So, this is calling, at this point, we were calling five times the factorial of n minus one. Well, what is the factorial of n minus one? So, we wind up calling factorial again, where n, this time, it's not five, it's four, okay? So, all right, factorial of four base case, n equal equal one. Nope, not yet. So, I'm going to return what? I'm going to return n, which is four in this case. I'm going to return four times factorial of n minus one. Well, I don't know what the answer to that is yet. I have to call my factorial function yet again, except this time, I'm calling it with n equal to three, okay? So, again, go to your pseudocode. What is factorial of three? Well, if n equal equal one, we return one, that's not the case else. You return three times factorial of n minus one, okay? Right? So, this thing's getting kind of nuts, though. All right? So, once again, we're calling factorial function. Meanwhile, all these guys, everybody up here, right, they're waiting for someone to finally hit rock bottom here, finally hit the base case and know the answer to it. They're all just kind of waiting and they're hanging in limbo, right? We're going to scroll down a little bit here since we should kind of see what's going on or know what's going on. So, factorial gets called with n equal two. Two is still not our base case, right? So, factorial of two returns two times factorial of n minus one, okay? Factorial, again, of n is one. Aha! Now, I've hit my base case. So, what do I return according to my base case? Well, when n equal equal one, I just return one, okay? So, finally, I have an answer. And this particular version of factorial returns, it exits, it's done. It kind of goes away, right? And now, this value of one goes up here, right? Aha! You have returned factorial of one. What is your result? The result is one. Aha! Now, I can return, says factorial of two, right? And so, he returns two times one. Two times one is, of course, two, right? And his job is done and he takes a nap, okay? All right, factorial of three, he says, Aha! Last you have returned to me. Aha! Your answer was two, so then my answer, my return value, is three times two, which is, of course, six, okay? And my job is done, right? What is factorial of four times six? Okay. Well, I need to return four times six, which is 24, okay? My job is done. I am done. Finally, the original factorial called factorial of five says, Ah, what do I do? I finally got an answer from factorial of four and his answer was 24. At last, I can now return five times 24. Do the arithmetic, five times 24 is 120. And finally, all the factorials are done. My print function prints 120 like we expect, okay? So you should have in your mind that when you're calling recursive functions, you are just kind of digging these holes deeper and deeper and deeper until you reach the base case at the bottom where you know the answer. And then you kind of percolate your results back up to the top and you have the answer to the question, okay? So in the next video, we'll just work through two more examples. We'll work through another trivial example of determining if a word is a palindrome. And then we will apply this to a more practical example, which is binary search, right? See you then.


The One Thing You Should Do Before Getting Married Marriage is a wonderful thing but just like every wonderful and powerful thing in the world, marriage can make you live in heaven or hell depending on whether you get it right or wrong. There are so many books out there about marriage but that doesn't reduce our divorce rate, unfortunately. Hopefully this video will help a few people to get their union right as I'll be sharing with you what I believe is the first thing you should do before you get married. If you're new here, consider subscribing so you won't miss other interesting videos like this. Now, take a moment to think about it. Why do we have so much trouble in our relationships with others, especially in marriage? In my opinion, I think it's primarily because we don't love ourselves enough before we demand that other people should love us. In my opinion, the very first thing you should do before getting married is to love yourself. As little as this sounds, it can be the beginning and end of troubles in a marital union. You think about it. Why do we demand so much attention from our partners? Why do we complain that they don't appreciate our looks or efforts? Why do we want them to worship us? Why do we cheat? Why do we fight? At the root of all these is an important problem we hardly confront which is the lack of self-love. First, when people don't love themselves, they demand too much to love from others as they want other people to fill up the big hole in their hearts and because we are humans, we are not capable of giving much of anything including love. Nobody can give you all of the love you need to be happy and the only way to deal with this is to have a good self-image that makes you happy with yourself. If two partners are happy with themselves, the little love they give each other will be enough to make them happy. Now, don't get me wrong, we all need some external validation and love but the more of it we need, the less happiness we'll have because nobody is capable of giving us all the love and validation we need. You must give yourself a good dose of it so that the little others give you will make you happy. Two, you can't give love if you don't love yourself. I have two parents, of course that's not news as everyone has two parents. Now what's newsworthy is that my mother loves herself so much while my father, unknowingly to him, really don't like himself that much. Guess who is happier? You know it. It's my mom. But not just that, guess who loves most? You also got that right. My mom. Now, my mom is the definition of love. She loves, she loves, she loves her husband, children and even strangers. There's this Latin statement that goes like Nemo that called non-habit which simply means you can't give what you don't have. Stop trying to get love if you don't love yourself because if you're trying to find love when you don't really love yourself, you may get a temporary love but you won't be able to keep it. The reason why you won't be able to keep love is because love is reciprocal. Except you're planning to marry an angel, whoever you want to marry will want you to love him or her in return. If you're not capable of doing this, you can't keep anyone. To get love, you must know how to give love. To be able to give love, you must love yourself first. 3. When people don't love themselves, they become selfish. People who love themselves can sacrifice their ego and conveniences for others because they already have a good self-image and coming low for others doesn't really make them feel too weak. If there's a good definition of love, then it should be selflessness. If there's anyone who truly loves someone, be sure he or she first loves him or herself. If there's anyone who loves herself, be sure she will be able to make sacrifices for others. If you don't love yourself, you can't bury your ego or make sacrifices for others. How then can you live in a marital union with someone else? 4. When people don't love themselves, they cheat others. A quick background check on people who end up becoming evil are usually people who lack love in their early childhood days. Because these people lack love, they don't love themselves either and because they don't love themselves, they don't find it difficult to hurt other people. While most people would think that it takes courage to go around and sleep with everybody, it's actually a result of low self-esteem which originated from lack of self-love. 5. People who don't love themselves have unhealthy jealousy. Because some dose of jealousy is good in relationship, unhealthy jealousy isn't. But because many people don't love themselves, they want to do all they can to do what they cannot. What you can't do is to monitor every step of another adult, keep them from cheating or keep them from leaving you. If they want to do any of these, you can't stop them from doing it. But because most people don't love their own self, they are not secure. Because they are not secure, they think if someone leaves them, they will perish. No, you won't. But you need to love yourself to really believe that you won't perish if anyone leaves you. Now that you know that you have to love yourself before you can get a great marriage, how do you know if you love yourself? Very simple. How much of happiness do you derive from other people's opinions and validations? If you derive more than 50% of your happiness from what others say or think of you, if you do most things to get people to say nice things about you. If you are not happy being alone, if your life is centered around people's good comments on social media, if you often think that what you wear or the materials you use will make you a better or happier person, you might want to check yourself. The conclusion of the whole matter is this. Life can be a better place if two people who marry each other have self-love. If I love myself and you love yourself, we can both give love to each other. If I don't love myself and you don't love yourself, we cannot give true love. If we both have self-love, we can both make sacrifices for each other and every other person that comes our way. If we both have self-love, we can expect little from one another and since no human being is capable of giving much of anything, the little you give me will make me happy while the little I give you will make you happy. Now if you love to have a great marriage, love yourself and marry someone who loves him or herself. Thank you for watching our videos. We'd like to give you another interesting video for you to enjoy next but before then, our team will be very happy if you can like this video and share it with your friends on social media. If you're new here, don't forget to subscribe so you won't miss other interesting videos like this. Look at your screen now to see two other videos we handpicked for you to enjoy next. We love you.


Right. Buying used books for your library. I've been working in libraries for a long time, so I've got a chance to work in many different places, public libraries, university libraries, community college libraries. It's only been when I arrived at Branton Technical College that I really learned the joy of collection development, where I've bought a lot of used books. And why do I buy used books? I buy used books because I save a lot of money. The quality of a used book is really a lot better than you think it might be. You get them pretty fast, and it's an easy way to rapidly respond to either unaccepted demand or find something that you don't maybe not have something currently in print. So, saving money. In my library, I save 25 to 40% every time I buy a used book. I do most of my used book buying through Powell's books. It's a great Portland bookstore, probably the largest independent bookstore in the country these days. Other people do it too. For instance, you want the new John Grisham novel at Powell's, search for it. I find a used copy. I can tell the condition of the book, condition of the dust jacket. I know the new price. I know the price I'm going to pay. I know they have four copies in their Beaverton store on the Mr. Bookshelves right now. I also see they have other copies. This is just a specific ISBN. These are other ISBNs, so like a compact disc, new for $45, used for $20. Amazon does the very same sort of thing, and I'll talk more about Amazon in a few minutes. The quality is much better than you think when you say, putting used books on the shelf. Last week, I bought this used book, and I just photocopied the cover, and you can see this matched cover is a copy that was already on our shelf. Little worn around the edges on the new, on the copy on our shelf. New book quality for the used book that we bought at a much reduced price. A good vendor is going to tell you lots and things about the quality of the books. When I'm searching for used books, first, I'm always very careful about the ISBN. Some vendors are not as clear about the title. If this book, for instance, had a workbook, and I just searched for math basics, I might by accident buy the workbook, but the ISBN shows you. I know here student-owned, almost never by student-owned, only if it's, can't get any other copy. Worn underlined, probably again going to avoid it. New trade paper, for instance, used book club, new library binding at a small discount, used trade paper. So these are kind of things that I see, these are Powell's notes, about books, and with that I can make an intelligent decision about, is it something I want to buy. You can get more information about the conditions that you can expect if you go to the guidelines for that service, if they buy books. Now Powell's does buy books from you online, and you can just start at their page, you can see what sort of things they do. Amazon also has a used book service, and these are the criteria that they want the vendors selling through them to use. Amazon, as I say, does mention the condition with a code, also sometimes a description. The problem I find with Amazon is that these are not actually books that Amazon is selling. Amazon is providing a service for these other vendors to sell online. So a like new copy, as described by this person, might be very different from a like new copy somewhere else, is Herman books very good, the same as Daily Deal, very good. I don't know. We have bought some from Amazon. I tend not to use them a lot. There are many other vendors online for used books. Alibris is a nice site that is an aggregator, combines the resources from many different places. Here again, the new John Grisham, I could get a used copy from the Ohio Valley Goodwill, online 792 plus shipping. And that shipping, when you find a used book, you're going to get it fast because it can't be listed as a used book unless they actually physically have it in stock. At Powell's, for instance, I know that their processing takes about one to three days. And then they do warn you it was going to take longer from one of their international or partner warehouses. And once they've completed the processing, then they're going to issue, offer you a variety of shipping options. With Powell's, I almost always use the standard economy mail because it's free. If I order more than $50 at one transaction, takes four to nine days. So basically two weeks after I submitted order to Powell's, I probably have the books in the house. And if I want it faster, they and most other people offer other shipping options up to, in Powell's case, next day air if you want to pay something like $16 per book plus handling. So hard to fulfill demand. Great way. I didn't expect I'd need something. Suddenly popular book, something maybe I don't think I want to keep all that many of. Local high school librarian assigned a reading list that includes immortal life of Henry Delax. We had one copy on our shelf. Didn't know we'd need it. Demand started. We could look and see what's available. I can buy four or five copies for under $10, add them to the shelf in a year or two. If the assignment doesn't continue, then I can just throw them away. Or maybe it's something like in 2012 when Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature. I don't know about your library, but in my library I didn't have anything from him on my shelf. But looking in the used book collection, I could find many things that I could add that would allow me to have a pretty good collection for an unexpectedly important author. So real quick, lots of questions. If you want a more in-depth treatment, there's a citation for an article that another librarian here and I wrote a couple years ago. You can certainly email me anytime. Happy to do that. If selling used books caught your interest later today at 2 o'clock central, how to make money, one of the things they're saying they're going to talk about is selling your books through Amazon. So that's my quick presentation. Anything else I can help you with before we move on to the next lightning round? All right. Looks like we've got about two minutes for questions and we do have some that have come in. Oh yeah, people are seeing them. Really, you struck a chord. One of our listeners suggests that bargain book mole is a good Firefox extension for price condition comparisons between book websites. So there's a tool to use. Somebody mentions better world books. Somebody says that if you look at the Amazon vendor ratings for condition reliability, 97% plus is good. So remember 97. And somebody likes your slides. They like the pictures in your slides. Yes, my self-portrait. Yeah. So, oh, and somebody asked if Powell's would take purchase orders. I like Powell's because I just opened an open purchase order. I order online, they ship invoice, and I pay from the invoice. For us at Amazon, we have to use a credit card, which is a little more cumbersome for us in our internal processes. We did, in fact, speaking of that, we have one comment on Twitter saying that a couple of years ago, Amazon did let libraries start buying used on their credit accounts. So that may be something to look into. Great. And do we have anything else? Somebody says Amazon usually guarantees the quality of what you're getting, and that they do buy a lot on their Amazon corporate account, and it has worked very well for them. Okay. Well, I should like Amazon, since I can almost see their building from here. But I can also walk down the street and see the Seahawks. I'm much more excited about them than I am on Amazon. All right. Well, thank you, Eric, like Laura said, it looks like you really struck a chord there. So that is round three of our lightning round here.


All in favor of approval of the November 10th, 2020 minutes. Say aye. Aye. Aye. We have a motion to pass the regular session minutes of November 17th, 2020. So moved. Aye. Aye. Opposed? Say nay. All right. That motion carries unanimously. Let's go on to agenda revisions and submission of documents and motions to direct the city manager to add agenda items to future agendas. Staff has pulled items nine aye and 12 D both are the Longmont Housing Authority items. We'll talk about that back later. Based on what we learned is if we brought it in at this point in December, even if even that it was only one month, it would have meant that we would have had to bring all of their financials into our caffer next year. Anything else other than the World Count World County issue? All right. So I the reason I wanted to move this from the bottom of the agenda up to here.  My council members are kind of up to speed and then I also first and foremost, I wanted to take action to put something on the agenda so we could discuss what's happening. If it comes down to it, I never said let's don't give Weld County and other counties that don't comply health care. What I said is if we face a situation where there is a bed or there is a hospital room or a situation where we cannot get the resources and there are two people needing access to one doctor or one ICU bed. You have one person who comes from a jurisdiction that complies and another one that does not. It would only be fair to say, hey, if you're complying, you get access to the bed. I never said we're going to cut it off from Weld County. I was proving a point that you're either part of the solution or you are the problem. I do think that there are some things that we need to do and say to our neighbors to the east. Yes. Thank you, Mayor Bagley. And I don't think I need to say any more except for that I understood what you were trying to do and the premise of what you were trying to do. I am going to make a motion. I sent all of council a resolution that I am going to read and then we'll vote on. And so it is a resolution in support of the governor's temporary restrictions on COVID-19. So I move that we accept this resolution. I'll second it. All right. Again, the resolution is quirky. This is just to put it on the agenda. The resolution was to direct staff. So it's not a resolution declaring anything. It's just Joan Resolution Small R saying we're going to direct staff in a very public important way to please prepare something for our next meeting. All right. So we've got a motion on the table and that motion is directing staff to prepare resolution asking, I'm summarizing here, asking the, asking staff to reach out and admonish, I believe the word was demand at our neighbor in Weld County, the commissioners encourage themselves, comply and encourage their residents to comply with the governor's emergency orders pertaining to COVID. That last part that you just read, remember that Councilman Waters made a friendly amendment to this that we were going to support the legislation. Yes. Okay. A letter supporting what the legislation that's going to the governor encouraging the state withhold funding from Weld County and other counties that fail to comply with the governor's emergency orders pertaining. All in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed say nay. All right. That motion passes. Carries unanimously. Thanks. COVID update. And then a special report. Mayor Counsel, actually today we have a fairly extensive report to you all. There's been a lot of activity. And part of it is there have been changes at the CDC level, CDPHE in terms of how we manage exposures and what we deal with. When we look at this, this is what we started off with. And so when you look at the cumulative incidence rate, you can see all of the counties in red. And then when you look at the two week testing positivity rate, you can see that we're at 6.7%. This is the number that Councilmember Hidalgo Ferring was referring to earlier. But you can see that counties are all over the place. And then when you look at the hospitalization status, you can see 8 to 11 days. When you look at this chart, this again is the chart that they started creating when they saw in the light blue the cases that were associated with CU. The big piece on this one is that about 8% of the cases in the past week have been among CU affiliated county residents. And then when we look at the number of Boulder County residents testing who are considered probable with long term care facility, this is one of the highest two week case counts for long term care facilities that we've had. When you look at the five day average of number of new cases, I mean, this is who would have thought that we would have said 157 looks good. But if you can see the peak and where we are, we're definitely trending in the right direction. When you look at the new case rates by county, I think it's really important to see the red, which is Boulder County. Over the past 10 days, new case rates in all Metro counties have been dropping. So since the 1st of October, Longmont has had the highest case rate per 100,000 of all the municipalities. This graph shows a weekly number of COVID cases by a slight group of municipalities. In the past seven days, about 34% of the new cases have resided in the city of Boulder and 40% have resided in Longmont. So what does this mean in terms of age range? The same breakdown by age range, 18 to 22 still has the majority of cases. And I think this is, you know, when we look at cases among 0 to 4 and 10 to 14 year olds, that has actually remained relatively steady or declined recently. Trends in case rate by age group, they're diverging. And case rates have decreased among 0 to 44 year olds. They've remained relatively stable among 45 to 64 year olds. They've increased by 25% among 65 to 74 year olds and 29% among 75 plus in the past two weeks compared to the previous two weeks. We're continuing to see persistent large disparities among our Hispanic Latinx population. In the past seven days, 43.4% of the cases or 344 have been among Hispanic Latinx. And 52.5% of our cases or 416 have been among quite non-Hispanic. We're going to continue evaluating it and we're going to continue to work with our neighborhood resources group in Carmen to really see how do we continue to engage in conversations with our cultural brokers. So the two questions that I heard the most and I was out there is one, is the testing free? And two, if we test positive, what resources are available if we're unable to go to work? So we're wrapping our hands and trying to improve that communication. There has been a decrease in the absolute and no change in the relative disparity in this population. And I think this is what you're seeing in this, in terms of the Latinx population. The five day average percent of tests that were positive is 6.2. So when you look at this, this is a five day average, not the two week average. So that's where you're seeing the differences in the number. And this is just to show the movement really not going to focus. Because there is a three day lag between the time a test is conducted and when the results are reported, similar piece. But what you're seeing is this movement here and here in the 65 to 74 and the 75 plus. So here's the question, hospitalizations, the data, this data is cumulative over time. This is where we sit today. And if you remember this early on, we've always been in this green area here, it's moving closer to yellow. That's what we're hearing from our medical providers in terms of having staff availability in terms of the hospitals. The number we had today, we had 120 hospitalized in Boulder County. That's actually down a little bit. So here's what the hospitalizations in Boulder County looks like. And this is not just specific to Boulder County residents. This is individuals that are hospitalized in Boulder County. And then here's a question that we're having now. Level purple is really the hospital surge metrics. And so the metric, the first metric is approaching the need for medical crisis standards of care. Our Boulder County hospitals are reporting that they're not approaching this. And then this is what it looks like in terms of Colorado. And then I included these slides. So this is part of the slide deck because I think there's been a lot of conversation about the flu and COVID and the similarities. When you look at this, emergency department visits for COVID related symptoms and diagnosed flu symptoms, blue is diagnosed flu. And then green is the total ED visits. So you can definitely see once again what the hospitals are having to deal with. And then this is what it looks like in Boulder County versus the other counties. As you know, we're in red. And you have to be in those other levels for two weeks in order to level down. We are expecting to see increases in cases associated with Thanksgiving based on what we've seen at other holidays. All right, let's move on to the SoulSmart Award presentation. Good evening, Mayor Bagley and council members. My name is Tim Ellis and I'm the Renewable Energy Strategy Manager for the Energy Strategies and Solutions Group at LPC. And I'm here tonight because I'm pleased to present or bring before council the presentation of a SoulSmart Silver Award to Longmont. In addition to the award itself, one example of the national recognition we received already through this award is that Longmont there's our solar feasibility study, which we have recently completed was highlighted in the most recent SoulSmart monthly newsletter. But I'd like to acknowledge some of the city team members who made this award possible. So a big thank you to Assistant City Manager Joni Marsh, Lars Hernandez and his team from Buildings Department and Anne Lutz from the Energy Strategies and Solutions Group at LPC. Without the reference, we wouldn't have achieved this success in this award today. My name is Nick Haza and I'm a program manager on the sustainability team at the National League of Cities. I'm here to present the city of Longmont with their SoulSmart Silver designation. SoulSmart is a national designation and technical assistance program that recognizes solar energy achievements of local governments. On behalf of the entire SoulSmart team, I'd like to congratulate the city and all the staff that were involved, making sure that Longmont received the recognition it deserves for being a leading solar community in the United States. Let's do the consent agenda. So we are going to go ahead and read it. We're pulling D and I. Mayor, Item 9A is ordinance 2020-65, a bill for Nordnance making additional appropriations for the expenses and liabilities of the city of Longmont for the fiscal year beginning January 1st, 2020, public hearing and second reading scheduled for December 15th, 2020. 9B is ordinance 2020-66, a bill for Nordnance amending Chapter 3.04.610, paid holidays designated of the Longmont Municipal Code on Personnel Rules. Public hearing and second reading scheduled for December 15th, 2020. 9C is ordinance 2020-67, a bill for Nordnance amending Chapter 14.08 of the Longmont Municipal Code by adding Section 14.08.647 to allow for adjustment to wastewater billing for commercial and industrial use of cooling water. Public hearing and second reading scheduled for December 15th, 2020. 9D is ordinance 2021-01, a bill for Nordnance conditionally approving the river set annexation, generally located north of Boston Avenue and east of Sunset Street, and zoning the property MUE mixed use employment. Public hearing and second reading scheduled for January 12th, 2021. 9E is ordinance 2020-69, a bill for Nordnance designated the James and Francis Wiggins House at 534 Emery Street as a local historic landmark. Public hearing and second reading scheduled for December 15th, 2020. 9F is ordinance 2020-70, a bill for Nordnance authorizing the city of Longmont to lease the real property known as Vance Brand Municipal Airport, Hanger Parcel NH-T2 to KLMO Hanger Gang, LLC. Public hearing and second reading scheduled for December 15th, 2020. 9G is ordinance 2020-71, a bill for Nordnance repealing and reenacting Chapter 11.04 of the Longmont Municipal Code regarding the model traffic code and adopting the 2020 addition of the model traffic code for Colorado, by reference. Public hearing and second reading scheduled for December 15th, 2020. 9H is resolution 2020-128, a resolution of the Longmont City Council approving the Intergovernmental Agreement between the city and the Department of Navy for a cooperation with Civilian Law Enforcement Officials Agreement. 9I was pulled from the agenda. 9J has approved the 2021 City Council Meeting Schedule. The agenda passes unanimously. Ordinances on second reading, along with their public hearings. We're going to go ahead with 10A. Ordinance 2020-59, a bill for administrative ordinance proving the grant of a deed of conservation easement. I move ordinance 2020-59. I'll second it. All in favor say aye. Opposed say nay. The motion carries unanimously. Ordinance 2020-60, the bill for Nordnance authorizing the city of Longmont to lease the real property known as Vance Brand Municipal Airport, Hangar Parcel, H-14B. The Craig Nelson. I move ordinance 2020-60. Second. All right, it's been moved by Councilmember Chriserson, seconded by Dr. Waters. All right, 2020-60. Let's go ahead. Aye, still. All right, everybody. All right, nay. All right, ordinance 2020-60 passes unanimously. Ordinance 2020-61, item 10C, a bill for Nordnance authorizing the city of Longmont to lease the real property known as Vance Brand Municipal Airport, Hangar Parcel, H-17B, through Robert Singer. I said I move 10C. Oh, okay, I'll second it. All right, any further discussion debate? Seeing none, all in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed say nay. All right, ordinance 2020-61 passes unanimously. This is item 10D. Number one, two, three, four, five, and six. We're going to have the public hearing all at the same time, but then we're going to go ahead and vote on these individually. Run through each one. So 10D-1, ordinance 2020-62, a bill for Nordnance probing a public-private partnership agreement among Diamond G Concrete Company, Costco Wholesale Corporation in the city of Longmont, and furtherance of development of a Costco membership warehouse. And 10D-2, ordinance 2020-63, a bill for Nordnance amending Title IV of the Longmont Municipal Code on Revenue and Finance by creating the Harvest Junction East Special Revenue Fund. 10D-3, ordinance 2020-64, bill for Nordnance making additional appropriations for expenses and liability to the city of Longmont for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020. Item 10D-4, resolution 2020-130, a resolution of Longmont City Council approving the Intergovernmental Agreement between the city and Boulder County concerning use, maintenance, and repair of Quicksilver Road. Item 10D-5, resolution 2020-131, a resolution of the Longmont City Council approving an agreement and revocable permit with Agri-Industries, WCR Inc. for maintenance of Quicksilver Road and access to North 119th Street. Finally, 10D-6, resolution 2020-132, a resolution of the Longmont City Council authorizing loans from Fund Balance and the City's Fleet Fund to the Harvest Junction East Special Revenue Fund and the Affordable Housing Fund and providing for repayment of the loans from the Harvest Junction East Special Revenue Fund and the Affordable Housing Fund. Hi. Opposed, say nay. So let's go to 12A, Longmont Waste Services Program Review. I'm Bob Allen, Director of Operations and Public Works and Natural Resources, and I'm here tonight to talk about our Waste Services Program that like to acknowledge the men and women that work in waste services. They've had a pretty challenging year this year with the pandemic. A lot more. We've actually done an excellent job and put in a lot of hours doing it this year. I'd also like to acknowledge Charles Caminides. He's your Waste Services Guru. He's a real resource asset to the city and wanted to acknowledge him for that. Our Waste Services Program is guided substantially by our Sustainability Plan. The goal for that plan is to divert waste from landfills. One of the projects that we did recently take on that has a net benefit to the city and environment is the conversion of about half of our solid waste fleet over to compressed natural gas. The primary services obviously are core services, which are curbside trash and recycle, and then the operation of the Waste Diversion Center. As I mentioned, a voluntary composting program. Some all-acart services for large item collection on request and dumpster rentals. Next supplemental services. I think most of you are aware of these. They range from paper shredding to some holiday recycling events. Despite some of the concerns that it's not easy to recycle some hard to recycle items in Longmont, we actually do have options for quite a few different things at our Waste Diversion Center. City also charges a waste management fee. It's $2.96 per month per resident. It generates about $1 million annually. The pay-as-you-throw rate structure was implemented in 2017. So the impact of that, this is the distribution of the two cart sizes in 2016 and prior to pay-as-you-throw. As of September of 2020, we're at about 58% participation in the 96th gallon container and up to 10% in the area of the week. We're up as of September up to 21%. Municipal Waste Diversion, Waste Diversion for residential waste at the curb is about 26%. That's a solid number. Probably anywhere from 50 to 75% of what is set out at the curb can fairly easily be recycled. So let's talk a little bit about the future of some of the programs. Pretty much any approach we took eventually would converge with about 25% participation. Future of Recycle, certainly we'd like to enhance curbside diversion. We think there's a lot more opportunity there. We are currently funded for the programs that we deliver today. With some growth in the community, we're at a point now where we need to add an employee that's something we intend on doing the first of the year. That would be just to address some of the growth in the community. We have not added employees to our solid waste program for, it's been 10 or more years, other than the employees that we added for the composting program. Future of the Waste Diversion Center, this one's a little bit of a headscratcher. It needs some types of updating. We think that possibly collaboration with the county is a better option and maybe some of the options that would be more conveniently located in the Longmont. So these are some items just so you know that we do not accept at Longmont. Future of Outreach and Education, it's very important that we maintain current levels of recycle and composting. We don't want to lose ground there. So other other means to increase waste diversion, these kind of circle back to some of the comments you heard from the community tonight. So I believe my motion was for city staff to bring back the larger conversation in pieces that are actionable. I will second that. So adding a piece in there where we have those zero waste practices for city sponsored events for when we permit, give permits for use of public spaces. Motion on the floor is for city staff to bring back some low hanging fruit, some easy right now targets that they're going to put it in terms of dollars so they can start immediately and then bring us back pieces as soon as they can. So let's go ahead and vote on the motion and then get started on making our city cleaner. All in favor of the motion say aye. Aye. Opposed say nay. All right the motion carries unanimously. Bob and let's move on to mayor and council comments. Just like to read into the record for people who are watching the next day that today was Giving Tuesday. I just want to tell everybody that they're willing to take your money tomorrow so if you missed Giving Tuesday, don't miss Giving Tuesday. Can we have a motion to adjourn please? Move to adjourn. Motion carries unanimously.