What is your entrepreneurial type? And what does that mean? Do you have the type of personality that is well suited to be an entrepreneur to run your own business?  Do you have a job and you are really thinking about starting a business, but you don't know how to do it and you don't know whether you have the personality type to be an entrepreneur. We're gonna be talking about these issues on today's episode and we're gonna help you figure out what is your entrepreneurial personality type? Otherwise referred to as your E.P.T., of course. And to help me figure out your entrepreneurial personality type, I've brought in a new friend of mine, a fellow by the name of Alex Schaffen, who is a wonderful husband to a wonderful woman I've met called Katie and the father of the two lovely girls called Kennedy and Reagan. And I'm gonna ask him about the naming of his daughters in just a second. But he's a wonderful family man and he's become a great new friend of mine. He loves wearing my Swanee's blue light blocking glasses and there's been a big supporter of them and understands everything about the dangers of blue light, so we'll talk a little bit about that. And yeah, just very positive energy. And he's also the author I should say of a book called The Entrepreneurial Personality Type and he's the host of a podcast called The Momentum Podcast which I will encourage you to listen to. Alex Schaffen, welcome to the show, sir. James, thanks for having me, man. I've been looking forward to this. Yeah, it's great to have you. I wanna just ask you, how did you come up with Reagan and Kennedy for your daughter's names? And by the way, they are lovely children, lovely daughters, by the way. I can just tell that they're gonna be like great business people in the future. Yeah, I know they already are, they're intense. You know, I wasn't born in this country. I emigrated here and I think that, you know, as a kid, I looked up to Reagan and Kennedy to the presidents. You know, I read their speeches and I idealized them as a child. You know, as an adult, I can certainly see how both of them had their strengths and their massive deficits. But my wife and I really like the name, Reagan, to start with, for our first daughter. And you know, I kind of thought it was okay for them to have a name that they could live up to and set some expectations.  I like that.  They're extraordinarily confident for an eight and a 10-year-old. Yes. They have no problems carrying on a conversation with adults. In fact, a lot of times adults have more of a problem carrying on a conversation with that person. And you know, I think the future is a revolution and I intend to raise revolutionaries and I hope they overshadow the genesis of their names. Yeah, yeah, they're already well on their way, Alex. That's for sure. Now you're based out in Austin, Texas and you've chosen to live there compared to other cities. Just to give us a little bit of background on you and where you've lived before and why you've ultimately set your family up in Austin. Sure. So I grew up in Mexico City as a kid, which man, they're having some struggles down there the past couple of weeks. And so I lived in Mexico City. So I was very used to large cities and the pollution of a large city. And so when I was a kid, we moved from Mexico to Southern California. So it was like from large city that was crazy polluted to another large city that was crazy polluted in LA and San Diego area. And so I grew up in San Diego, then Orange County. And when I was 21, I moved across the country to Florida as part of a business deal. And I lived there until 2009. And in 2009, my wife, Katie and I had the opportunity to pretty much live anywhere we wanted. We could move anywhere in the United States or quite frankly, the world that we wanted to. And we decided we wanted to continue to live in the US and we started looking at cities around the country and I went to 12 investigating where we wanted to live. And every time we came to Austin and left, it felt like we wanted to go back. So in 2009, we moved here. We did not buy a house right away. We actually started buying rental properties before we bought a house. In 2011, we bought the property we live in now. And we put down the roots here. We really love it here. Austin is big enough that you have all the benefits of a big city, but it's small enough that it's not overwhelming. And there is a thriving entrepreneurial community here. Yeah, there really is. Yeah, when I was out there recently, I was amazed at just how many entrepreneurial people were out there. And entrepreneurs doing really cool things in health, which is one of my passions. That really struck me. And a very, very positive vibe I felt walking through the city there. Yeah, no doubt. You know, it's funny when we first moved here, James. I had lived in Southern California and then in Orlando and in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. And a bunch of different houses, but those were the general geographies. And the first night that we were living here in Austin, or the first night we had moved here in Austin, I had Reagan with me and she was tiny, like two years old. And maybe three. And the two of us were walking from our hotel to a restaurant across the street. And so we walked out of the hotel and we were kind of like in this alleyway. And in the same alleyway, there was like four kids who were 19 or 20 coming towards us. And in the places I had lived, that was an on guard situation. It was like, okay, just keep your eyes open. You know, you never know what's gonna happen.  And he goes, good evening, sir. And I was like, and I was going on. That was my introduction to Austin. It's like where the teenagers say good evening, sir. And like people are just accepting and really nice here. That's great, I like that. Just before we get into some entrepreneurial talk and we're gonna help the listener figure out whether an entrepreneurial journey is for them or not. And the personality types. You also, in Australia, this is how we might refer to someone, of how you used to be when you were drinking and maybe a little bit unhealthy. Yeah.  Yeah, there's no question. No question. You wanna tell us a little bit about that? Yeah, in my 20s, you know, health has always been a focus for me my whole life. I grew up in a breastfeeding community called La Leche League. You know, my mom used to make organic foods.  And in my 20s, I was running a very large consultancy. It grew to about a quarter billion dollars. And I didn't understand how to scale a business with the perspective that I have now. And that business scaled, but as it grew, every day got harder for me. So I went from working as much as I possibly could to working 20 hours a day, seven days a week, never taking time off. And I got to that place where the stress and the adrenaline and the cortisol and the thyroid all overwhelm each other. And no matter what I did, everything went backwards. And I, you know, it's hard for me to admit this, but I think it's important for everyone to understand. You know, I was one of those people who at first I was trying to fight it. And so I modified my diet, I would work out more, I would move more, but nothing was working. It just kept getting worse. Then I started feeling defeated. And then I just gave in and I became like the double cheeseburger guy because it felt like, well, screw it. If nothing's working, then I just kind of gave up. And by the time I was 30, I was almost 300 pounds. I was hypertensive, I had high blood pressure, I was having asthma problems, breathing problems, and like frequent like lung infections. And then I also was taking pills to go to sleep and pills to wake up. I was on six different medications. Not me. And I went in and here's what happened. I went, I had met my wife and we went together to a doctor's appointment I had. And I was trying to get my pilot's license updated and I failed. I failed the physical to be a pilot at 30 years old or 31 years old. And I was told I couldn't fly anymore. And it was, and I remember saying to the doctor, like, are you serious? I can't fly. And they said, no, you can't, you can't be behind the yoke of a plane. Like you could crash. And at the time I was flying rotary. So I was flying helicopters. And the doctor said something like there, you are the last person that should be flying a helicopter over South Florida. And I said, are you serious? And he said, yes, I have an aging patient population and you are my most likely candidate for a heart attack. Wow. And the combination of those two things, like the doctor saying I was most likely candidate for a heart attack and failing my pilot's license. I just said, screw it, I'm gonna change everything. And I sold that business within about a year, went on a quest to figure out like how to get healthy and how not to die. And that's how I ended up where I am today. I think one of the reasons I share that story as transparently as I can is that a lot of people see me today. I speak at PaleoFX, I'm a well-known biohacker. I help a lot of people get healthy. And I think they look at someone like me and they say, oh, well, genetically this guy's got it figured out or he's always looked like that or he's always been like that. And the fact is, genetically I'm anything but like this. I've had to hack every way and figure out ways to make myself get healthier and to maintain that.  So I had to figure out ways to trigger my own instincts to get healthier and thankfully it's worked. We're talking to Alex Schaffin who is the author of the book The Entrepreneurial Personality Type and he is the host of the Momentum podcast. If you'd like to find out a little bit more about Alex you can go to schaffin.com that's C-H-A-R-F-E-N.com and you can follow him on his social media at Alex Schaffin. So Alex, let's get into some entrepreneurial type stuff here. What is the E-P-T? What is this entrepreneurial personality type that you refer to in your book? So James, I think the easiest, not nothing, the easiest way to explain this is to explain kind of what personality types I see in the world. I think we've all heard of Myers-Briggs or the Colby or the Berkman or the disc profile or any of those things. Like I'm an expert in all of those systems. I've studied them extensively. I've been to the certification programs, all of those. However, I've also since I was a very young child I've obsessively studied successful people. And the easiest way to explain the entrepreneurial personality type is to explain the ecosystem we live in of humanity. You know, I go back to some of the research I've done that goes back to the beginning of time, like the beginning of humanity. How did our human tribe survive? When you look at human beings as a species, let's be really honest, we suck. We are like one of the most vulnerable species in the entire annual animal kingdom. If you put a baby human in a crib with a baby anything else, most of the time the baby human's gonna lose. And that's including insects. Like we are vulnerable to almost every other species. So how did we survive? What was the complex set of rules and situations and foundational practices that made human beings survive? Well, I think if you take a step back and you look at humanity as a whole, you can see it. See, I see four distinct types of people in the world. And the last one, I'll take you through the qualification process so you can see if you are an entrepreneurial personality type and we'll do it with you, James. So the first type of person that I see in the world and it's a big population is I call them the caretakers. You know, the people in the world who wanna take care of other people, they wanna help other people, they wanna help other people do good things, they wanna help other people survive. And here's what's interesting, James. Whenever I talk to entrepreneurs about half of the room goes, oh, that must be me. Cause I wanna take care of people, I wanna help people. I have a simple question that will either qualify you or disqualify you as a caretaker. James, do you like to change bedpans? Do I like to change bed sheets? No, bedpans, bedpans. The pan that goes underneath someone when they're in a bed and they have to go to the bathroom. No. No, right? No. Like you say that with a level of emphasis that indicates it's a strange question. Yeah, no, I don't wanna do that, no. Okay, here's what's interesting, James.  And I've asked that person, hey, do you like to change bedpans? And James, with a level of congruency that is shocking and surprising, I've had someone turn to me and say, Alex, if that person needed the bedpan changed and that was what they needed at that point in time and I was here to be able to be of service, I feel fulfilled. And I'm sitting there thinking, I feel like I should have written a bigger check if that ever happens to me. But we need those caretakers in the world. Then do you know who I'm talking about? You know this personality. Like they really want to just in the moment take care of people. So we know you're not a caretaker. So that's group number one. Good, or bad, I don't know. I don't know whether I should, I'm feeling guilty now that I was like, no, I don't wanna do that. I'm like, damn it, I'm not the caring type that I thought I was. Well, but we all have our place, let me show you. The second type of person, I call them the communicators. And here's what's funny, when I'm talking to entrepreneurs, first they go, oh, I must be a caretaker. Then they go, oh, I gotta be a communicator.  But here's the difference. Communicators like the act of communicating. And so I can disqualify you from this group with one simple question. James, do you like small talk? No. No, right? When somebody says, hey, James, how's the weather? Don't you think to yourself? Like, what do you think to yourself? I'm like, that is the most boring question that you could have asked. That's a trivial question that is gonna result in me talking like a moron for the next 10 seconds and not being engaged, not being engaged in the conversation. And there's like the elephant in the room is like, we're just killing time here because we don't know what else to say. Exactly. When somebody says, hey, Alec, that happens a lot here in Austin because it's hot every day. But let me point out something. It's hot every day. You walk in somewhere and you'll have somebody go, hey, wasn't it hot out there? And I always wanna say like, hey, the weather ceased to be a relevant conversation as soon as we could control indoor environments. Yes, it was hot out there, but why are you wasting my time? And but, but here's the fact, James. Communicators like, did our evolutionary tribe need the caretaker?  Somebody like falls down and hurts themselves. We're gonna keep going. And somebody needed to stay behind and take care of that guy. Did we need the communicator? The person who's willing to talk about anything? Yes, we needed like oral tradition.  Don't go over there. There's a big cliff. Hey, there's a woolly mammoth back in that direction. And the fact is communicators will talk about anything. I've watched two communicators at a water cooler, have a 45 minute discussion, about a half hour TV show. You tell me how that works. But they will. They're willing to talk about anything. They like the act of communicating. So we disqualified you there. Now the third set of people, I call them the coordinators. But my code name for them is the organizers and the memorizers. Entrepreneurs do not typically say, hey, I'm one of these. Because the coordinators are the people who they love the rules. They love fine print. They want the regulations. They, they, you know, they want to, they like contracts, not because there's a deal because they get to work on a contract. And yeah, you've already disqualified yourself. But here's the question. She's, I'm disqualifying myself a lot here, Alex. I'm in trouble early. Well, here's what happens, James. I mean, it's very clear when you look at these types of people, the four types of people in the world, it becomes instantly clear whether you're an entrepreneurial personality type or not. Because if you're not a coordinator, here's the disqualification question. James, how many committees have you volunteered for in your life? Can you just clarify what committee means exactly? You know, how many, how many groups have you volunteered for where you're part of a group decision-making process? Like a homeowners association or a condo association or like the, not, not, not zero. Zero.  He and I do not get along. Stepfather-in-law, he sits on 26 different committees. All right, man. How could you possibly waste more time in your life? And so, so that's a beautiful way of putting it. What, I would say, what is wrong with you, man? Right, like what are you doing? How can you be on 26 committees? Like just going through the process of opening a committee discussion freaks me out. When they're like, we're going to call the order. I'm like, I'm out. I don't have time for this. And so, so we disqualified you from the first three. Now, if we look at our evolutionary tribe, we know we needed the caretakers. We know we needed the communicators. We clearly needed the coordinators. They remember the seasons. They tell us when to plant. They tell us to gather stuff for the winner. All the things that like details we would forget. So James, if you have people who take care of people, people who communicate and people who coordinate, what are you missing in our evolutionary tribe?  See if this makes sense, James. You and I are part of the very small minority of evolutionary hunters. We've always been on the hunt. And you know that we're hardwired as evolutionary hunters because we get up every morning and we create a new future reality and then we do everything we can in the present to make it real. And we're that small minority that's willing to expose ourselves to the vulnerability, to the criticism of being the person who says we are going to change things because the rest of the world strives for average and clings to the status quo. And the fourth group of people are those who get up every day and say, we can change this. We will change this. We can make this a better place. And the fact is, if we need any more evidence that we are hardwired differently than the rest of the world, when you look at a communicator, sorry, let's start at the beginning. When you look at a caretaker, a communicator or a coordinator, they literally live in the present. All of those activities happen right now in the present. And the fact is people like you and I are hardwired to live in the future. So we have this complete different perspective of the world. And so for anyone listening who identifies with the fourth group, the evolutionary hunter, the people who get up every day wanting to make things happen, wanting to make this a better place, improving things, changing things, making shit happen, the fact is, I'll confirm your suspicions.  And there are people in the world who are frustrated with your level of success or your attempted achievement. And Jesus, James, where you're from, New Zealand, Australia, man, you try and stand up at all. They call it tall poppies. They literally try and cut you off at the knees. And the reason is the rest of the world wants everyone to fall in the rows of wheat and sway with the breezes. And the fact is, hunters don't do that. We flush the breeze. We go through the wheat. We make our own path. We go out and do what we need to do to hunt something down and kill. And here's what's interesting. If you need any more evidence of evolutionary hardwiring, every one of us, as we achieve an objective, as we cross the finish line to our goal, it loses importance to us just as fast as we approach it. Would you agree? Yeah, it's crazy. Well, I mean, whether you believe in divine intervention or creation or evolution or whatever it is, when I look at that dynamic, here's what I clearly see. Evolutionary hunters are hardwired to be on the hunt. And the second we make a kill, the only thing we care about is the next one. The faster you get in touch with those feelings as a person like us, the faster you start propelling yourself towards success. Because here's what I know about people like you and I, James.  Have you heard it, James? Yeah, for sure. And so here's the fact.  Right now, take a deep breath.  Einstein and Pythagoras and Newton and Socrates and Plato and the people who did weird things in the world and showed up in a way other than the rest of the world, but were able to change things and were indelibly remembered. When you look at that group of people, the people throughout history who have evolved humanity for every one of you listening who's ever felt alone and isolated and like a party of one, I want you to know something. That is your tribe. That is who you are. And that is why you're part of the most important type of person in history and on this planet because entrepreneurs are the only source of positive human evolution and we always will be. So if you're showing up to this podcast and wondering, can I, should I, will I be able to? Here's my answer.  And don't let anyone tell you different. We're talking to Alex Scharfen, the author of the book, The Entrepreneurial Personality Type and the host of the Momentum podcast. So the listener right now, Alex, who you just spoke to and that's resonating with him or her is going, yes, all right, great, we figured this out. There are also people listening to this who are like, well, I'm not a hunter. I'm actually a coordinator or a communicator or caretaker. So can we encourage and support and get them as psyched to roll as well if they're actually saying to themselves right now, you know what, I'm a caretaker and I'm a communicator and I'm a coordinator. Is there, are we looking at them with the same enthusiasm and fervor as the hunter? I'm sure someone does, but I don't. And I don't mean that to be judgmental. I don't mean that to be off-putting, but I've dedicated my life to helping people like me and to obsessively researching people like me. And here's my argument, James. If you're listening to this podcast, you're more of a hunter than you think.  However, the fact that you would hit the James Swanwick podcast, the fact that you're listening to this, the fact that you're putting time into developing yourself, the fact that you are literally future pacing by just being on this podcast and asking yourself, what if I would encourage you to lean in to the feelings that you're having about who you are and lean into the fact that it doesn't matter how you show up in this world. It doesn't matter what ability or disability you may have or what perceived deficits you may have, the fact is someone like us in history has shown up with much worse and has gone on to change the world and leave an indelible mark on this place. And I would encourage you to do the same. Let's just say that we have a mother of two who's listening to this as she waits to pick up her kids from school. And maybe she has a job or maybe she's a full-time mom.  Maybe up until this podcast episode, she didn't realize the word was hunter, but maybe she was having those feelings and wanting to make things happen. But maybe she's been playing this role of caretaker, communicator or coordinator, but she has this sense that she's a hunter. What does she do? What is the first thing that she can do other than be aware that maybe she is a hunter? What's the first thing she can do to lean into that and then a practical first step? You know, I think there's three things that we as evolutionary hunters and entrepreneurial personality types need to do. One is understand ourselves better. Two is stop limiting behaviors that are instinctively encouraged by how we're hardwired. And three is to create momentum. And here's what I mean by that. I think that people like us are different than the rest of the world and the faster we understand it, the better. Because when you look at most people out there, they live in this world of feelings and nebulous emotions and things that like, let's be honest, we have a hard time with. Like James, when I say, James, tell me how you're feeling today. Don't you automatically have a reaction to that question? Yeah. What's the reaction? I don't really want to talk about it. I'm just like whatever, you know? I grew up in an Australian masculinity kind of culture of where we don't, talking about our feelings doesn't come naturally. And I'm more just like, get on with it, get it done. I kind of look at my grandfather who was a World War II hero and he was always just very positive and a wonderful man and a gentleman. I was a war hero, I was decorated and but he never complained and he never really talked about feelings and I always looked at him as like a great role model. Now, people will tell me, people have told me over many years here in the US that I need to be more in touch with my feelings, that I actually need to be to talk about and be more open with some insecurities and be more in touch with my feelings. And so I am working on that. But when you ask me the question, you know, say, how are you feeling? My initial reaction is I don't really want to, I'm like, nah, it's not a conversation that's comfortable. Right, right. And here's why I believe it's not comfortable, James. We don't understand how to have that conversation. Like I think that people like us have figured out maybe the difference between happy and sad. Like happy's on, sad's off, and it's kind of binary. But the fact is, do we really know the difference?  Is there a difference? Because to me, when somebody says any of those words, I look at it the same way. And the fact is, people like us, we exist in three states.  Because here's what we live for, momentum. People like us don't just hear that word, we feel that word. There's an evolutionary drive that says, hey, James, you should be creating forward progress, you should be moving forward, you should be doing. James, when you're in momentum, when things are going your way, when the world is following you in your wake, when you're knocking down the stuff, like how does that feel to you? It feels amazing. And when I'm not in momentum, it feels really crappy. And I go into a deep kind of funk where I'm like, ah, and my shoulders go forward and I lose energy. Right. So here's what it, so when we're in momentum, James, isn't that when you feel alive? That's when I feel alive. And I know when it happens, when I'm just like moving and I'm constantly in motion and things are coming together and things are just like happening. I love that, I live for that. And I'm like always amazed or in awe about how things can happen so quickly and so effortlessly when I am in momentum. And that's when we not only feel alive, but that's when we're at our best. And here's what I know about being in momentum. And this is for again, for the mom in the minivan who just dropped off for kids because I know that personality. I know that person. I've coached her so many times because there's brilliance there. And the fact is when you're in momentum, that's when things happen. And here's a question, James. When you're in momentum, do you feel physiologically boosted? Like you have more stamina, you can do more? Absolutely, yeah, I'm getting more energy. Cognitively boosted, can you think better? Do you make better decisions? I do. Here's a big one. Chemically boosted. Do you actually feel the chemical high of momentum? I would surmise yes, because I've probably got dopamine and serotonin maybe. There you go. So what do we just understand? For people like us, when we are achieving, accomplishing, moving forward and going towards an outcome, I would present to you maybe going towards our kill, that's when we feel fully engaged, alive and present. And no matter how hard things are around us, if we are moving forward, the world may perceive difficulty, but we feel like we're fully alive. Now the second state we exist in, and this is one we have to be careful with, but it's interesting because it's one we're facing resistance. So you're in momentum or you're facing resistance, there's one left. But facing resistance is the state where the world has conspired against you. You don't have enough resources, you don't have enough time. Maybe you've conspired against yourself and you can't really see a way out, but there's a tiny light at the end of the tunnel. And the rest of the world around you is saying, hey James, it's a train, run. And instead, you go towards that light. You compel it to move towards you. You force yourself towards it. You step through that light. And that's in fact when we create who we are. So when we're facing resistance, we turn around and create momentum. James, do you know that period in your life? Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. Interesting. There's been some times where I've, there's been something that's just like, oh man, I don't wanna do that. Or that's a troublesome thing. Or maybe I do wanna do that very thing, but I'm feeling the resistance, as you say, like. And then finally, for me, it's kinda like I just say effort. And then I just go and I run towards it 100 miles an hour. And- No matter what anybody says. No matter what anybody says. And then on the other side, it always feels better. It always feels amazing. And I always in context, look back and go, I can't believe that I had built that up so much. You know, like, this is way better. Yeah. I remember, I actually remember, I was interviewing the actor and singer LL Cool J. About 10 years ago, I was at the Beverly Hills, sorry, I was at the Four Seasons Hotel in Beverly Hills. And he was promoting a movie that he was in with Queen Latifa called The Holiday. I think it was. And I remember him me asking him, what's your secret to success? And this is a guy who's a very successful actor, a very successful albums. By the way, very successful business person, not just a media personality, he actually runs some hyper successful businesses. Yes, he does, absolutely. And I remember asking him, there was the last question I asked him. I had 20 minutes sit down interview with him. And it was the last question. And I said, what's like your biggest success tip? Like what's your secret to your success? And he said, it's standing on the edge of a cliff and looking down and seeing rocks and seeing like either death or injury or permanent maiming and just trusting that a net will appear when you step off.  And he says, successful people know that to be true.  But he said, successful people understand that concept. And I've never forgotten it. And so now sometimes that I'm like, oh, I don't want to do that. I imagine myself on the edge of a cliff and seeing the rocks down below. And I just step off anyway and know that the net will appear and it always does. Yeah, no doubt, no doubt. That's beautiful. I have a lot of respect for him. He's one of those people who made a tremendous amount of money in music and then turned around and made it the tremendous amount of money, make him tremendous amounts of more money. Yes. And it's interesting how often top musicians and performers and actors and actresses become incredible business people because they're hardwired with this business, with this personality type. Yes. And we have to go out on a hunt. We have to create a bigger woolly mammoth to slay each time. And when you've been on enough stages and you've been in enough movies, now you take over the world of business. And he successfully did that. And that's interesting because it leads to the third state. And now this one's important, James, especially for the mom in the car. The third state that we exist in is in constraint. And this is where we get diagnosed. This is where we look symptomatic. This is where we look broken. This is where people don't wanna be around us because this is not like facing resistance where you can see the light at the end of the tunnel. When you're in constraint, is that place where you feel like you can't move. You can't figure out how to create forward progress. You feel stuck. You feel like you can't move forward. James, have you ever been in that place? Yeah, I have, yeah. Do you remember how fast did your body start breaking down? Whatever I get stressed because I feel like things are going, at most of the time it's because things are going too slowly. Yeah, it's when you're being held in place. Absolutely. With my swanic sleep business at the moment, I have certain people in positions in the company. And I come from a daily newspaper background where every day I had a 6 p.m. deadline to convince people to talk to me, to write a story, to submit it to my sub editor every single day. 10 a.m., here's your story that you've gotta go and find and write today, James. 6 p.m. is the deadline you have to have it in. And so- Not 6 o'clock five, but 6 p.m. The moment I hear that the television news and the background starting to play, I know that that's the deadline. I had to have had my thing in by then. And so it was instilled in me from an early age. Now, now, now. Motion, motion, motion. Do it now, do it now, do it now. Not tomorrow, not the next day, not this afternoon, now. Okay, so that naturally comes to me. I like that. But then I have people who are in my team who are very good at what they do, except for the part that I don't like, which is I perceive them to be slow. I perceive them to just do things, not in the now, but like the next day or later. And whenever I ask, when do you think it's a good time that we could get this done? Oh, I'd say October 16th. I'm like, and I'm thinking to myself by five o'clock this afternoon. And it just causes me so much frustration because I'm now, now, now. And so I feel constrained in that time. And this is what I do. If you can see me, if you're listening to the podcast, rather than watching the video version, you won't be able to see me. But this is kind of how my body reacts when something like that happens, when I feel constrained. Yeah. So to explain to the listener what I'm doing is, I'm rubbing my fingers, my five fingers, my four fingers in my thumb on my right hand, over my forehead. And I'm literally rubbing it back and forth. I've done this so many times and I wonder if I've got some wrinkles and stuff like that. Oh, my eyes. Like I need to really bathe my face. Can I just rub a little thinner? Yeah, yeah. Because I rub my hands. I know I do it because at the end of the day, I can feel my forehead from being like moving back and forth. So to answer your question, when I feel constrained, I feel internal and external pain and suffering. Yeah, well, and here's what happens, James. When we're constrained, we're evolutionary hunters. So evolution has taught us to be in motion. When we're on the hunt, when we're going, that's when we feel at our best. And again, it doesn't matter how hard things are around us, entrepreneurial personality types can put up with the level of pain and stress and lack of food and lack of sleep and lack of everything else and still achieve our objective. And we do it all the time. But what we can't deal with is being held in place. Because when you're constrained, here's what happens. First, your body breaks down. Almost immediately we feel tired. We feel either attention deficit or hyperactive. We feel drained. We feel like we can't get up, chronic fatigue. You feel just exhausted all at once. That's first. Second, psychologically, like cognitively, we break down. We start getting brain fog. We can't make decisions. We feel like frustrated or upset. We get highly reactive. We might react in a way that just isn't necessary for the situation. And here's the big one, the third one. Chemically, we are affected. The same way that we get that massive rush of dopamine and serotonin, all the positive chemicals when we are on the hunt. Evolution has programmed us that you're on the hunt. Things are good. You're achieving, things are good. You're moving forward. We're gonna give you all the chemicals you need to keep doing that. But when we get held in place, instantly, the chemicals that cause depression and frustration and cause us to sit and stare at a wall or, you know, here's the big one for people like us, is you try to go to bed and you do more work between your ears in the time from when you lay down in bed to when you finally, like, mercifully fall asleep than most people do all day. Because when we're in constraint, this goes like crazy and it doesn't have anywhere to go. Our minds are on high and there's no hunt to apply it to. So when any one of us feels constrained, that's when you walk into a doctor's office and they start labeling you with bullshit, like bipolar and attention, tension, deficit and chronic depression and all kinds of other stuff.  And the fact is that I consult with people who move the world around like puzzle pieces. I've written over four million words, yet I have dyslexia. You know, when I look at all of those labels, what they're labeling is anyone who's different. And when you go back through history, there's a different equation because today, we say if someone doesn't show up like everyone else, learn like everyone else, talk like everyone else and act like everyone else, that's a broken person we need to diagnose, medicate and make normal. But the reality is throughout history, the person who didn't talk like everyone else, show up like everyone else, learn like everyone else and talk like everyone else is a brilliant person who changed the world. So if you've been diagnosed with any of those things, congratulations, you should be proud. Those are a badge of honor because that's the rest of the world saying you're different than we are and different is extraordinary.  And I believe just by the virtue of the fact that you're listening to us, that's exactly who you are. There are times when I feel societal pressure about the fact that I am a 42 year old man and not married and I don't have children. And in recent years, I've been exploring the idea that maybe there's something wrong or maybe there's I'm not doing something right or something is amiss with me. And I never used to be open to this kind of feeling. I was always like, I'm the different one. You know, I think I'm the smartest person in the world because I'm delaying this idea of settling down and getting married and I'm learning and I'm traveling. I'm doing all these kinds of things. And to hear you say, you know, different is extraordinary. I'm wondering whether I can make myself feel extraordinary by being different to society's norms which is get married, have kids, build a family, put down roots, stay in one place. That actually doesn't feel natural to me. I'm always on the move. I live a nomadic lifestyle. And I think sometimes I succumb to, well, hang on, society's telling me I should do that. Well, there's something wrong with me because I haven't done it and I kind of don't want to do it. And if I want to do it, it's only because society is telling me to do it. So I'm not sure what my question is there. I wonder if you had any thoughts on that. Absolutely, James.  Because here's the reality. What you just said, and I mean that wholeheartedly because what you just said is get married, settle down, have kids, do this. You know what I really see? It's like get married and hope you don't end up one of the more than 50% of people who's divorced trying to see your kids on the weekend. Have kids and then go to work every day so you don't even see the kids and you don't understand who they are. And then struggle with them in school, you at work, not really building a relationship. The fact is you're doing it differently because that's how you're hardwired.  I've helped people who are in their 50s and 60s start businesses, launch careers, change the world. And when I look at someone who feels societal pressure to be something other than they are, here's what I will say to you, James.  And I've spent time around you and my kids have spent time around you. And they are an incredible judge of character because they are congruency detectors. They know whether someone is living their life as they should. They know whether someone's telling them their truth. They know whether they wanna spend time around someone based on how they feel about that person. And they love you. And I believe that's because you are an evolutionary hunter who has said, this is who I am, this is how I intend to live, and this is how I'm gonna do things.  And so to anyone who tells you you're doing it wrong, I would sit down and take a close examination of their life and I assure you you would not train places with them. Well, thank you very much. So I appreciate that.  Thank you very much, Alex. It's very kind of you. I really appreciate the kind words. Thank you. But I mean that, James. I mean that. And I passionately mean that. Because I think that, you know what's happening right now is what you just shared. There's people who are listening right now and they're saying, wait, I'm feeling that same societal pressure. You know, I have clients who are women in their 20s who are making millions of dollars and their husbands are watching the kids. What kind of societal pressure do you think they get? I have clients who are women who are in their 40s and they're running multi-million dollar businesses and they're raising their kids in a congruent way. And you know what people say? Oh, you can't do all of that or you shouldn't even try and do all of that. Are you okay, honey? Are you fine, sweetie? And they feel the judgment of the people around them. I have clients that like me, my kids aren't in traditional school. I don't follow what society says. We do what we wanna do. Next week they're in Aspen all week with us. My kids go on business trips with me. Like they're in a learning program that has no attendance policy on purpose so that we can check them in and out as we want. So I don't believe that we should follow society's norms because when you look at the law of averages, most people aren't doing that well. And so for anyone who's listening who has that same feeling that you're getting some societal judgment, here's what I want you to think about. Those judgments are basically created by committee. It's like everybody got together and said we should all be married, we should all have kids, we should all do these things.  Newton who was sitting underneath the apple tree and got hit in the head and discovered gravity was sitting there because he was a loner. He isolated, he didn't like being around other people. Pablo Picasso spent two years painting in blue. What we would call that today is an extended period of depression and in reality it's a period in art history created by a single person. And when I look at somebody like you James, I compare you to Picasso and Newton and Einstein and Socrates and Plato and every great entrepreneur throughout history who could not fit society's norms. In fact Socrates was sent off into a field to drink poison and die because he wouldn't agree with the rest of the world. And we live in a privileged time where the person who says I disagree, I'm not gonna be like that, I'm gonna make my own way, can do whatever they want and I applaud you for it. Thank you very much, Alex. I really appreciate those kind words. And to my mother, Jill Swannick, I hope you're listening. If she is, I'll get a text message from her at some point when this is released and she'll go, oh, I can't believe you mentioned me on the podcast, James. Yes, mum. Not so subtly applies to a little bit of pressure on me to get the marriage and the kids part going on. Just have a little listen to this. You know what James, it's gonna happen when it happens for you, man. And some of the most incredible people in my world have done everything in their lives in contrary to the way everybody else lives. And some of the most intense people that I know today are people who if you looked at how they live and how the rules with which they govern their life and the way that they make decisions, most of society would think they are crazy. But the fact is, they're also some of the most successful people in the entire world. And so I think that as evolutionary hunters, we owe it to ourselves to be exactly who we are. You know, James, it's funny. I always share with people, a few years ago, I woke up one morning and I'm like, screw this, I'm not gonna do it anymore. I'm not gonna wear the suits. I got rid of my entire wardrobe.  Like I know what I like to be. I know how I like to show up and that's the only way I'm gonna do it anymore. So I literally unloaded about a half million dollars with the suits. When you're a consultant for 20 years, I ended up with an entire 12 foot closet, like a whole wall, two layers of suits and shirts and custom made clothes. And I literally put it all in trash bags and put it out on our garage. And I started wearing T-shirts and the pants that are comfortable and shoes that I like and whatever I really wanted. And here's what's interesting. When I wore $4,000 suits that had my name embroidered on the inside just because I needed to have a little bit more of an ego trip besides just wearing a nice suit, I got invited on some pretty important stages. When I started wearing T-shirts and showing up exactly like who I am and demanding that I would be who I was, I got invited on the biggest stages I've ever been on. And it wasn't until I said, here's who I am that people really started listening. And the day that I dropped the veneer and started sharing exactly what I was thinking and exactly how I was feeling and showing up in exactly the way I wanted to, that's when I got on stage with Robin Sharma at his event. That's when I met Steve Wozniak. That's when I shared the stage with Tony Robbins. That's when I started getting on podcasts like this. You know, there was a totally different type of person that wanted to listen when I was that guy. But when I became myself, that's when I feel like I truly stepped into the world I was meant to be in. Inspirational words there from Alex Schaffin who was the author of the book, The Entrepreneurial Personality Type. Make sure you grab a copy of that book. You can also listen to Alex on the Momentum podcast. In fact, when this episode ends, I would encourage you to just search in iTunes or Momentum podcast and hit subscribe so you can listen to Alex's words of wisdom on an ongoing basis. Where else can our listener find you, Alex? To URLs, you can go to freemomentumbook.com and download the Entrepreneurial Personality Type book. If you related to what James and I have been talking about, it will tell you more about yourself than anything ever has. And the second one is if you're not on iTunes, if you're on Stitcher or Google Play or any of that, you can go to momentumpodcast.com. So freemomentumbook.com, momentumpodcast.com, those are the two best places to connect with us. Wonderful, Alex. Thank you so much for that. If you're listening and you'd like to see the video version of this as well, I will be uploading this episode to YouTube, to my YouTube channel, which is James Swanick One. If you're a visual learner rather than audio learner, you can check that out there. Alex Schaffin, this has been a real pleasure to speak with you and converse with you today. Thank you so much for your words of wisdom for me and also for my listener. Oh, it's been my pleasure, James. Thanks for having me, man.


Hello everyone, my name is Ms. Shweta Spatil, working as an assistant professor in electronics and telecommunication engineering department at Valchand Institute of Technology, Solapur. Today's topic for the discussion is the carry look ahead adder. Learning outcomes. At the end of the session, the learners will be able to design a 4-bit ripple carry adder, design a 4-bit carry look ahead adder CLA. Contents. First is the ripple carry adder RCA, second is the 4-bit RCA, third is the timing analysis of 4-bit RCA, fourth is the carry look ahead adder CLA, fifth is the 4-bit CLA and sixth is the CLA algebraic formation. Ripple carry adder. The full adder can be used in the creation of multi-bit adder. The simplest architecture using full adder is the ripple carry adder RCA. Full adder are used to create some and carry out of each bit position. 4-bit ripple carry adder. This is the block diagram for the 4-bit RCA. Here 4 full adders are used for the 4-bit ripple carry adder. Here full adders are located at position 0, position 1, position 2 and position 3. This full adder may be called as half adder because C0 that is seen is equal to 0 here. The C out of each full adder is used as the C in for the next higher position. The sum of position 1 cannot complete until it receives the carry in C1 from sum in position 0 and so on for other C in. In this way carry ripples through the circuit from right to left. This configuration is known as RCA ripple carry adder. RCA sum does not become valid until the carry propagates or ripples through the chain of full adder. So that each subsequent full adder needs to wait for the carry to be produced by the preceding stage. The carry is said to ripple through the circuit thus giving this approach its name ripple. Its delay becomes considerable when scaling to larger input sizes. Example if instead of yarn that is 4-bit if we take 32-bit, 64-bit delay becomes considerable. A simple analysis of timing can be stated as if the time for full adder to complete its positional sum is equal to T to the base FA then the time for yarn bit ripple carry adder to complete its computation T to the base RCA is equal to yarn into T to the base FA. Timing analysis of 4-bit ripple carry adder, this is the block diagram for that. Each full adder can be implemented by two half adder and one OR gate. It gives the same two table operation like the full adder. The carry ripples through the adder chain here. Full adder 0 takes three level, level 1, level 2 and level 3 of logic to complete the computation of full adder 0. When C1 reaches the FA1 its first half adder already completed its computation because it doesn't require any carry from full adder 0. This means only two more levels of logic that is level 4 and level 5 are needed to compute C2. From this it is concluded that number of logic levels for 4-bit RCA is equal to 9. This analysis determines the number of logic levels in the adder. The inputs to the adder are A, B and C in and are always assumed to update at the same time. The actual gate delays can then be plugged into find the final delay. Number of logic levels for yarn bit RCA is equal to 3 plus 2 into yarn minus 1. Carry look ahead adder. In order to address the potentially significant delay of ripple carry adder a carry look adder was created. Additionally, circuitry is included to produce an intermediate carry in the signals immediately instead of waiting for them to be created by the preceding full adder stage. This allows the adder to complete in a fixed amount of time instead of one that is case with the number of bits in the RCA adder. A carry look ahead adder contains circuitry that determines whether previous adder stage produces carry. 4-bit carry look ahead adder. Same structure like the RCA 4 full adder are located at position 0, 1, 2, 3 but here carry of the preceding stage adder is not given to the next adder position 1. This circuitry produces the carry in for each stage without having to wait for the carry to ripple through the prior stage. To create carry look ahead circuits that are only dependent on the system inputs as opposed to intermediate carry out signals. This will eliminate the ripple delay. The look ahead circuitry considers whether the prior adder stage is created carry by considering two conditions. Whether a stage will generate a carry and whether a stage will propagate a carry. Let's look at the truth table of full adder. This is the truth table of a full adder. Here because of three inputs there are total eight combinations. For the input code where C in is equal to 0, C out we get like this. That is full adder generates a new carry 1 when A is equal to 1 and B is equal to 1. This behaviour can be described with the expression G for the generate is equal to A dot B because when we are considering A, B and C out at that time whatever the AND gate truth table operation is there, same operation we are getting here. For the input codes where C in is equal to 1, full adder propagates the incoming carry 1 when A is equal to 1 and B is equal to 1. This carry 1 is propagated at the output as an C out. Here this one is coming as an C out, this one and here even though there are two one, one is going to be propagated as an C out. This behaviour can be described with the expression P is equal to A plus B. The entire expression for the carry out can be written as C out is equal to G plus P dot C in. C out is equal to A dot B plus A plus B dot C in. Here G is written as A dot B and P is written as A plus B. CLA algebraic formation, the expression for the subsequent carry terms written as this. C1 is equal to G0 plus P0 dot C0. The C1 expression only depends on the inputs A, B and C0. For the C2, we can plug into the expression C1 to create the expression that only depends on A, B and C0. Instead of this C1, we get the expression G0 plus P0 dot C0. Similarly, we get the C4. All of these expressions only depend on inputs A, B and C0. These are the references. Thank you.


Data-driven material science has been rapidly expanding over the past few years due to advances in open science, national funding and technological developments. This includes the creation of materials databases, machine learning and high throughput methods. Despite these advancements, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed before the field can reach its full potential. These include data veracity, integration of experimental and computational data, data longevity, standardization, and the gap between industry and academia. This article was authored by Lori Himinin, Amber Jertz, Adam Stewart Foster, and others.


The main focus of my research is to develop and understand biomaterials and the interaction of these materials with the host, our body, and the cells within the body. The main goal of the research is enabling ourselves to use advanced materials to build implants that will guide cells to restore and establish new tissue. In our research, 3D printing is essential because it enables us to tailor biomaterials to either a specific patient or a specific cell type. The animation shows the interaction between the cell and the biomaterial. The cell is located in the middle of a large pore and stretches its arms into the material. This technology might be disruptive. If we can understand how cells and materials interact, we can explore how cells build tissues and how cells build new materials. And this will open up new possibilities for us to engineer new materials. The ultimate impact of this technology on society would be in the extreme case at which we have enabled us to build complete organs using these principles. In this case, the need for donor organs would be eliminated.


Hey guys Justin here with razorback off-road today We're installing our accessory cup holder for the passengers of this mule model FXT We'll start with a quick overview of all the parts hardware and tools and then we'll get into the step-by-step install process Let's get started Included with your cup holder assembly is the cup holder main body and a two-piece mounting bracket For hardware, we've got six quarter twenty nuts and bolts and for tools All we'll need is a socket three eighths and extension as well as a three eighths and seven sixteenths box end wrench So now that we've got all of our stuff laid out the first thing we're going to do is take our two support brackets You can see that the one's a little bit longer than the other So before we actually put on the bar I'm going to put these together and and get the bolts and nuts put in place and started So when you look you see that this Support bracket has a center cutout it fits right over The bracket on the bar itself.  All right, we'll move on to the The body itself it just sits right on these mounting holes There is a two different holes so you can Adjust in and out a little bit where you want that to sit This is where your Extension comes in handy. It's not necessary, but it does make it a little bit easier If you've got one So there you have it your cup holder is installed and ready to go Don't forget to swing by razorbackoffroad.com and check out some of our other cool accessories for your fxt Also, don't forget to swing by our youtube channel So you can keep up to speed with all of our cool new products that are coming out And as always hope to see you out on the trail


Family Theatre presents Frank Lovejoy and Joan Banks. From Hollywood, the mutual network in cooperation with Family Theatre presents the Sobsisters starring Frank Lovejoy and Joan Banks. Now, here is your host, Bill Campbell. Family Theatre's only purpose is to bring to everyone's attention a practice that must become an important part of our lives if we are to win peace for ourselves, peace for our families and peace for the world. Family Theatre urges you to pray. Pray together as a family. Now, to our transcribed drama, the Sobsisters starring Frank Lovejoy and Joan Banks. Well, will you just, for goodness sakes, slow down, will you? We have nothing to talk about. Look, if you'll just listen to me, give me one minute, just one minute. I've more important things to do, and Frank, Linda, Mr. Albuson, I think I've wasted just about enough time on you. But I've got something important. You just have to listen to my side of it. Give me one minute. No! I've heard your side of it. It's all over. But nothing. I'd never believe anything you might tell me. Never again. I've heard and read all the lies I can stand. I'm not all lies. But don't get the idea I'm through with you, Al, because I'm not. Well, now that's more like it. Maybe we can have some dinner and talk, huh? I'm not through with you by a long shot. No, sir. I am going to expose you as no human being has ever been exposed before. I am going to air your dirty wash for all to see. Any questions? Eva. Oh, now wait a minute. So long, Al. Eva, you're destroying an empire. Next time, build it on something solid. Like honesty and truth. Eva, you can't do it. Oh, no. Watch me. Now, that might have sounded like the end of something to you, but actually it was more of a beginning than an end. You see, the girl in that little scene, Eva Murray, and the guy, well, he's the ex-bow Howard Albertson. But what you just heard took place a long time before Eva became such an important figure. And to build up to it was a process, too. That started when Eva Murray was just breaking in on the paper. I'll fill you in a little. You see, Eva is the publisher's daughter in all her life. She had only one real ambition. She wanted to be a sob sister. That's what later reporters are called. So a few months after she graduated from college, her father sent it to the editor, and as per her father's instructions, the editor sent her to May Abernathy. I'm May Abernathy. You're May Abernathy? The one who... The one who offers all the advice to the lovelorn and troubled. I'm never too busy to lend a near and a bit of comfort. That's me. Well, is the real May Abernathy ill or something? I mean, you're just filling in for her or something like that, aren't you? Oh, no. You must be fooling. Oh, no, not at all. Now, who could be better qualified than I am? I have no children, so I can be thoroughly objective about telling people who have how to raise them. You know, most fathers and mothers get too close to the problems and experience it and make them afraid to touch the subject and print. And I'm not married, so I can be objective about marriages and how to make them work. It all works out pretty well. I don't know, as I like that. Oh, no? No. And I think something should be done about it. It's dishonest and... Well, I can't think of anything more deceitful. Oh, you think May Abernathy should be a little old gray-haired lady in a beaded hat and a black shawl, I suppose. Well, does it occur to you that most little old gray-haired ladies who raise families successfully might be much too busy, even if they were capable of the job? Is that any excuse for such deceit? Well, and another thing. Besides the ones which are printed in the column, I write from 85 to 120 advice letters a day. Now, I'm a fairly young man, Miss Murray, and when I get home at night, I'm dog-tired. I'm afraid the schedule alone had turned the kind of May Abernathy you'd have into nothing but a damp spot under a beaded hat at the end of the first week. Well, still it's misleading. You shouldn't write under a name like that. Well, I can choose any pen name I want, but if it'll make you feel any better, I actually share the name with four ministers, three priests, a rabbi, a marriage counseling service, a university psychology department, and they all help me write my letters of advice.  Oh, well, it's not required that you approve, but it is required that I break you in as a reporter, so let's be about it, Miss Murray. Well, all right, but might I ask one question? Oh, what's that? Does my father know about this? Well, the publisher usually knows what's going on in his own newspaper. Is that all, Miss Murray? That's all, Miss Abernathy. The name is Byrne, Ira Byrne. I think this whole business should be brought to my father's attention. Oh, fine. I was sure we'd get on. I'm not just another run-of-the-mill reporter, Mr. Byrne. Ah, shall we go? Sooner you realize that, the better it will be for you. Oh, pardon me, Miss Murray. Don't you think you'll need your purse? A purse? Oh, where is it? Oh, it's on the desk. All right. I'm ready. Oh, one other thing. Yes? You have a pencil in your purse? Pencil? Well, of course I have a pencil. It's, um, it's right, uh... No, where is it? I know I put one in just... Well, here, you can use this one. You know you were right about one thing, Miss Murray. Oh? You're certainly not just another run-of-the-mill reporter. I can't remember working harder in my life than I did that first week of Eva Murray's employment. It wasn't that Eva was slow. She wasn't. She was good, but holding down my own desk and helping her learn her job and carrying on a very noisy, running word battle turned out to be just a little more than I can handle. At the end of that first week, both of us got a call from Eva's father, the publisher. Uh, this is Howard Albertson, our city engineer. How we've met. Indeed we have. Eva's been dragging him along in our lunch dates. And you know, Ira, that my daughter and Mr Albertson are engaged to be married. Oh, yes, sir, I know. What's this all about, Dad? Just this. Ira, Mr Albertson has given me to know that you're giving my daughter a hard time. Oh. He said that, did he? Oh, now, don't play it innocent, Byrne. Oh, why should I play it innocent? Sure, I've been giving Miss Murray a hard time, and just about the same way I've given other cubs a hard time when they were too big for their, uh, that is when they thought they were too smart. You know, you can't learn a business if you think you've already learned everything there is to know about it. Oh, come on now.  Well, all right. Maybe a little more than that. She's the publisher's daughter, and in her spoiled way, she keeps reminding me of this fact. So maybe I ride her a little harder, but not too much. Oh, pardon me, but I really can't see how you come into this, Al. We're engaged, my dear. Somebody has to look out for your interest. I can fight my own battles. AJ, would you mind telling me what this is all about? A few minutes ago, Ira, Mr. Alberton came into my office and suggested that a good deal of political pressure might be brought to bear on this newspaper. If I didn't discharge you. Oh, I see. Al, what a thing to do. What a thing to do? Now, don't go making me the heavy.  I thought you wanted him fired. Well, maybe I don't think he should have the advice column or that he should pretend to be someone he isn't, simply because, well, to me, it seems fundamentally dishonest. But I certainly don't want the man to be thrown out on my account. Well, be that as it may. I thought everyone involved should be present to hear my answer. Here it is. Mr. Alberton, no, I will not discharge Mr. Bern, nor do I believe your associates would allow you to incur the political animosity of this paper merely to satisfy a personal whim. Oh, now, AJ, that's not exactly what I meant. You may call me Mr. Murray, and furthermore, I want you to know, Mr. Alberton, that any further attempts at intimidation around here would certainly not be in your best interest. As a policy, this paper has no political opinion, but policy can change. That will be all, Mr. Alberton. That will be all? Well, it sounds like you're dismissed, Buster. Well, if I hope you're satisfied, I just hope you're satisfied. Well, I'm sorry, but I didn't mean... Oh, forget it. Just forget it. Well, that takes care of that. Well, I simply can't understand Al doing a thing like that. Sure, Al. I'll bet you can't. AJ, if you don't mind, I guess I just wasn't cut out to be a teacher. I'd like to get back to just doing the column. No, I... I didn't figure on things like this happening, and my own work is suffering. You know that. Try it for one more week. Dad, I think Mr. Bern is right. I think it might be wiser if you had somebody else help me get started. No, now you're thinking about what's wise and what isn't. Well, for your information, young lady, Ira is the only man on the paper who offered to help. Now is probably the only one who'd have the job. But you're the publisher? Sure I am, but there's nothing in our contract with the newspaper guild that says a reporter has to put up with the kind of trouble you've been giving Ira and don't think I haven't heard about it. I've heard it from your mother, that mealy mouth fiancé of yours, the boys in the city room, line a typist. In fact, from just about everybody. Except you and Ira. Wait a minute, sir. You mean you haven't heard it from her, AJ? Certainly not. She may be spoiled, hard to get along with, the fishes, and at times a general pain in the neck, but I can say one thing for her. She fights her own battles. Well, thanks. Now, how about it, Ira? Just one more week. That might be enough anyway. Probably from there she'll know her way around. One more week is a personal favor. Well, uh... Okay, one more week. I won't forget it, boy. May I get back to my work now? I'd like a word with you in private first. I take it, that's my dismissal. Well, you could wait in the outer office. All right. Oh, Dad. Yeah? It's almost noon, and since I'm seeing Al for lunch anyway, I'd like to go a little early. Kind of smooth things over? Smooth things over? Well, after all, he was doing it for me. All right, all right. No accounting for taste. I'll see you at 1.30, Ira. Sure, sure. 1.30. You'll see him at 1. All right, then. One o'clock. Ira, I, uh, don't suppose you're interested in my daughter. Oh, sure I am. I think she can be a good newsman with a little work. Oh, I meant romantically. Oh, no, sir, no, not at all. Too bad. Oh, why'd he ask? Oh, no reason. I hoped. That is, I thought Albertson was a little too concerned, thought he might have been worried. Well, there's no cause for him to worry on my account. Can't see what she sees in Albertson. Can't understand it. Well, I don't know. He's got a lot of flash. He looks like the original man of distinction, you know? Lots of chrome. Maybe that's a snappy-looking dude, good dresser. Touch of premature gray in the hair. And he's smooth, AJ. There's no getting around that.  Almost unugly. In fact, most men would call her a tractor. Yeah, I would. I'd say she's downright beautiful. Well, as long as you feel that way, why don't you? No, no, hold on. I don't mean anything big. Just date her a few times. You know, just to distract her from that fancy day in? No, no deal. Well, I do happen to know she finds you attractive. Well, being May Abernathy puts me in contact with enough trouble. But every man should have troubles of his own, Ira. Yeah, well, each man to his own kind. I find it a whole lot easier dealing with other peoples, but thanks anyway. Well, it was just a thought. Ira, as you know, Eva's my only child. You are? Well, I've tried to be a good father, and in some respects, I think I've done a pretty good job. She has a respectful honesty and truth one seldom sees in a person. Amen. And many other truly admirable traits. Yeah, I'll concede that. As my only child someday, she'll inherit this newspaper. Well, by the time that happens, AJ, she'll know what to do with it. That's exactly my point. Well, you could call it a distorted picture of what the business is really like. Oh, sure, she's been to college, and she majored in journalism, but still... She expects to see people rushing around with press cards in their hats? And pull down ties, always getting scoops, you know. But she must have been around here as a child. No, both of us. Her mother and I made up our minds that we were not going to choose her life for her, that we were not going to try to influence her one way or the other about what kind of a career she was going to have. I'm afraid we bent over backward. Well, she was never in this building till last week. Well, why tell me all this? Why? Ira, I want you to help me pull my chestnuts out of the fire. As I said, Eva has a somewhat distorted idea of news work. Well, some years ago, when she made up her mind to come into the business, I made her a promise. She wanted to lead a crusade. A crusade? You know, like in the movies and on television.  I told her I'd let her handle the first one that came up after she went on the payroll. Didn't want to influence her, huh? That was after she made up her mind. So she wants to change the world? She might settle with changing the town a little. That was quite a promise. Well, how was I to know she'd remember? She couldn't have been more than 10 or 12 at the time. What do you want me to do? Two things, Ira. I want you to help her with it. When she finds something to crusade about. See that she handles things all right. You won't have to worry about your work at the May Abernathy desk. I'll see it's covered. And the second thing? I want you to help her find something in a hurry. Well, in a hurry? Right now she doesn't know beans about reporting. That may be, but I want her thoroughly distracted. So she won't have time for Alberton? You think I'm wrong? Well, I sure hate to have him for a boss. No more than I'd hate to have him for a son-in-law. See what you can do, Ira. See what you can do. I worked on it. In fact, I spent many a happy hour with Eva going through the paper's own library looking for something that might have been worth a small crusade. The question of fluoridation was a growing one in our city, so I suggested that. It was time for the smallpox vaccinations in the schools and the anti-raby shots for dogs. I figured the pay of the city firemen and policemen could use a boosting crusade. There must have been half a dozen other things that I pointed out to her, but I always got the same answer. Not big enough, Ira. I'm sorry. Not, uh, big enough. I know how hard you've been working, and I really do appreciate the help you've been giving me, so please don't look so... well, so dejected. It won't be long. We'll find something, and when we do it'll be big, something we can get our teeth into. But we don't have to find it today. There's plenty of time. And I suppose to her way of thinking there was no need to hurry. But the more time I spent with her and the more I saw of her fiancé, Albertson, the harder I worked to fulfill AJ's request. When it happened, it came from the most unexpected quarter from Albertson himself. We had stopped by his office to pick him up for lunch. He was putting on his overcoat, and we were all about ready to go out the door when his phone rang. Excuse me for a moment, will you? Our business before pleasure. Hello? Oh, of course I'll talk to him. But, um, why don't you two sit down? I'll be right with... Oh, hello, Johnny. I think that's the least I can do in return for past favors, huh? A writ? Oh, I don't think that'll be necessary. 17th precinct. That's all right. Goodbye. Who is that out? Oh, just an old friend of mine. In jail? Well, yes, as a matter of fact. A little mix-up, a mistake, of course. Oh, but of course. I've got to make a call. You want to run ahead and reserve a table? We might as well, Ira. Oh, we don't mind waiting.  Order for me too. It'll save a little time. Well, I don't suppose so. Oh, it's all right, Al. Business before pleasure, huh? I can make the call later. Make it now. This won't take a minute. It involves a little politicking, that's all. I didn't want to bore you. I'd like to see how it's done. This will be right out of the handbook. Oh, nothing, nothing. Hello, give me the office of the city prosecutor, please. Howard Albertson calling. This will only take a moment. Hello, Abel. This is Al. Thought you might be interested. The city just voted for what looks like a pretty good bond issue. That's all right. Civic improvement. No, no, I don't know any of the particulars, but I can get them for you and send them over. Thought you might be interested. Ah, it's nothing at all. Forget it. What's that? No, now there's nothing you can do for... I say, I almost forgot there is one little thing. Pretty smooth boyfriend, either. Actually, it's not very much. A friend of mine is being held over at the 17th precinct station. He's not guilty. And what was that? Well, he's accused of making book on races. You never got a conviction, so I thought I'd let you know. Save the city the cost of prosecuting. I would appreciate it, Abel. That's right. 17th precinct. His name is Arnold R. Johnson. That's all right, Abel. Right, and thank you. Bye. Well, that didn't take long, did it? Well, pretty smooth, Al. Not at all. Is that standard practice, Al, out of the handbook? Well, certainly. Well, it isn't as if my friend were guilty of anything. I sounded like it. You're saying I'd free a criminal? Oh, come on, now, Byrne. Then why did you have to offer the city prosecutor a bribe? Well, it might have been a small favor, but I wouldn't call it a bribe. Look, let's all go to lunch before we start making a mountain out of what's not even a molehill. Well, thanks anyway, but if it's all right with you people, I think I'll go back to the office. I seem to have lost my appetite, too. We left Albeson in his office, and neither one of us said anything as we walked down the hall and rode the elevator to the street level. In fact, we didn't speak until we were on the street. Mind if I say something? I think I know what you're going to say, Ara. You wanted to cause something to crusade about. What could be better than corruption in government? It's a kind of unfaithfulness to have a public trust and betray it. You don't sound so sure. That almost sounded like a question. It's a little different when your crusade might hurt people close to you. You'd be squaring off against your fiancée, Eva. And the city prosecutor. Probably quite a few others. What do you think, Ara? Well, since you asked, morally your first obligation is to be faithful to yourself.  You want that badly enough to pay something for it? I'll see you later, Ara. Made up your mind? There isn't any choice. Good, honey. Where are you going now? Seventeenth precinct station. I'm going to give Al the benefit of the doubt anyway. I'm going to interview the arresting officer. Then I'll go back and see Al, to either apologize or... Well, to tell him what I'm going to do. Eva, will you listen for just a... Must you walk so fast? Slow down, will you? I'm sorry, Al. We have nothing to talk about anymore. Look, if you just listen to me, give me one minute, just one minute. I have more important things to do, and frankly, Mr. Fixit, I think I've wasted just about enough time on you. You just have to listen to my side of it. But don't get the idea I'm through with you, Al, because I'm not. Well, now that's more like it. Maybe we can have some dinner and talk. I'm not through with you by a long shot. No, sir. I'm going to crusade against your element. You're destroying an empire! Next time, build it on something solid. Eva, you can't do it! Oh, no. Watch me. It was a funny feeling. It was a kind of glad-mean feeling. AJ had asked me to do something for him, and I'd done it. But I sat there at my desk for a long time, feeling, well, very much like a heel. Even though the romance couldn't have amounted to much anyway, helping to break it up, well, it had made me feel mean. And the glad part, well, I'd saved a nice girl for marrying a bum, and sure, that was reason to be happy, but there was something else. I found myself pleased that Eva no longer had a steady. I guess I was afraid to look too deeply into that one. So I went out to dinner instead, and then home and to bed. After about four hours of no sleep, I got up and went back to the office. I headed for my old desk, the one with the May Abernathy sign on it. Hi. Well, what are you doing here? A little late, isn't it? A little. But I suddenly found myself with a free evening. I guess I'll have a lot of them from now on. I guess that I should say I'm sorry about your romance. I'm not. You're not? I expected to be heartbroken. I rushed home and tried to feel sorry for myself. You know, gave it the old-school try, threw myself on the bed, and got all puckered up to cry my eyes out. Nothing happened. After a while, I got bored. So here I am. Going to start your crusade? We sure are. I mean, if you still want to help. More than ever. I've got these books. City records for the last 12 years. And this, do you know what this is? We see. It's the record of arrests of a Mr. Arnold Johnson in connection with bookmaking. 26 arrests, two convictions. And this is a sworn statement from the officer who arrested in the last time, the one I talked to this afternoon. And this is the police blotter from the 17th precinct. How did you get the police blotter? Never mind, but wait till you read it. Brother. Do you think we can do it, Ira? I mean, really do it. Well, it's a worthy cause. It's about time somebody tried it. Tomorrow we'll set it up, okay? We'll start the first thing in the morning. Why not tonight? Well, it's been a long day. Let me buy you a cup of coffee and take you home. But we might get a lot done if we... Oh, come on. It'll be our first date. Our first date? Well, first of many if... if it's all right with you. But it's more than just all right. Good. Shall we go? First date? How can I refuse? I'm going to get you in early enough. There's a big day tomorrow. Ira, I thought you didn't... I thought you didn't like me. The kind of man changes mind. So the campaigns began. Mine that evening and Eva's the next morning. Both are enjoying considerable success. Eva's wearing my ring and the town is getting a clean up like it's never had before. In fact, her campaign's almost over in our city. AJ bought a chain of newspapers covering a total of six other cities. And it turned out that he was a little bit wrong about his daughter. You see, she's not quite satisfied yet. She won't settle for just cleaning up one town. She wants to change the world. I just thought I'd let you know in case your town is next. This is William Campbell again. What would you say to all of us getting together on a wonderful enterprise? An enterprise to bring greater peace, security and happiness to the world? It seems like a large undertaking, but when there are millions of us sincerely thinking about that and praying and working for a better world, it can be done. In many ways, we're failing to overcome the unrest and intolerance and hate in the world around us because we do so little about the misunderstanding and disruption in family life because we'll never have peace in the world or in our homes as long as we forget the importance of God's help and the power of prayer. We'll have a better and happier world if we have better and happier homes, homes in which there is the simple evidence of faith in God and the faithful practice of family prayer. We need prayer in our lives because all of us need God's help. So let's get together on an enterprise for every family, all families in America in the world praying together for peace. Yes, a world that will pray together for peace will stay together in peace as the family that prays together stays together.  From Hollywood, Family Theatre has brought you transcribed The Sobsister, starring Frank Lovejoy and Joan Banks. Bill Campbell was your host. Others in the cast were John Stevenson and Herb Butterfield. The script was written and directed for Family Theatre by Robert Hugh O'Sullivan with music composed and conducted by Harry Zimmerman. This series of Family Theatre broadcasts is made possible by the thousands of you who feel the need for this type of program, by the mutual network which has responded to this need and by the hundreds of stars of stage, screen and radio who give so unselfishly of their time and talent to appear on our Family Theatre stage.  This is George Crowell expressing the wish of Family Theatre that the blessing of God may be upon you and your home and inviting you to be with us next week when Family Theatre will present The Passion and Death of Christ starring Ethel Barrymore. Robert Young will be your host and on Easter weekend over most of these stations Family Theatre will present a special hour-long Easter program The Triumph and Hour starring Walter Brennan, Joan Leslie, Stephen McNally, Dan O'Hurleyhey and Loretta Young and featuring the Roger Wagner Currell. Please consult your local paper for the time and the day. Family Theatre is broadcast throughout the world and originates in the Hollywood studios of the world's largest network. This is Mutual, the radio network for all America.


With the coronavirus still at large and a vaccine yet to be discovered, it seems that time is of the essence. I sat down over Zoom with UC Berkeley professor Dr. Mark Hellerstein to see what he believes may be key to defeating this virus. Specifically with COVID-19, it seems antibodies may not be the ultimate source of a vaccine. So there's these three reasons. Not good markers, not sensitive, short lived and possibly associated with worse disease. So I don't believe in antibodies by themselves. I think the data suggests that there's a lot of reasons to be skeptical of using this. Although the data presents vaccine potential in T-cells, Hellerstein is afraid companies may resort to a quicker solution. I think T-cells have a lot of problems and yet they're not being focused on because they're a little harder to measure because a lot of, honestly, I think a lot of these companies are really just going to head first into it. And certainly the government, the people in charge, at least in the political people, not the medical people, they are very, very biased to getting a fast and dirty vaccine. The time sensitivity of finding a vaccine means there may not be as many vaccine trials and in some cases even less diversity. If a vaccine were to come out and it was the result of research and trials that came from a group of participants that were not diverse, it would worry me. I would assume that to get the best data you would need like a bigger group, like a bigger group's always better. So vaccines usually take years because you want to make sure that there's a divergence in the exposures and in the ultimate diseases. Hellerstein is hopeful that in the next six months there will be more data to help solve this crisis. It's reasonable that we could have data in six months. I would like to have real biology data about what is the test that we want to correlate with the protection and let's find the vaccines to do the best for that test. For CalTV News, I'm Amreen Singh.