to Wicked War Driving with GPS and GLONASS. I'm White Shadow and I'm going to be describing to you GPS, how it works, the data that you receive from GPS satellites, other satellite constellations that provide similar location data, some dongles you can use to receive all of that information and use that in your war-driving efforts. So who am I? I'm a prior staff sergeant from the US Air Force. I was in Space Command which is now called the Space Force. Since getting out of the military I've become a wireless security researcher and some of my public works are SNFARE back in 2017 as well as last year I presented at the DEF CON wireless village with Solstice on some attacks on WPA3OWE. On the picture on the right there you can see that's me and Solstice on stage last year. That's my Twitter profile picture there. So war-driving. Why do people do war-driving? Before becoming a pentester I had this vague understanding of war-driving that you could drive around SNF wireless networks and then kind of plot them out. But why would anyone actually do that? Well once I became a pentester I realized that there is a valuable need for this skill set. Many times clients could set up new wireless infrastructure in their building and they want to measure the signal bleed outside of their building so performing a war-drive for a client may be useful or maybe they're just curious if their neighboring businesses are able to receive their Wi-Fi signal so they may want a wireless pentester to go out and do a war-drive to measure how far the signal goes out and where exactly it can be picked up from. It could also just be done as a hobby. Wiggle.net is a great resource for this. You can see in the bottom right hand corner the picture of Wiggle there it's an open-source database that hobbyists can war-drive and upload their results to and anyone can upload to it and anyone can query it. So you can look up any of the data that has been uploaded there by hobbyist war-drivers that drive around mapping Wi-Fi networks to GPS coordinates. And as I got into war-driving professionally I realized that the research on GPS dongles was extremely lacking. When it came to choosing a GPS dongle to perform war-driving there's basically only one that everyone has used and whenever you ask somebody why they chose that dongle the answer is usually because somebody told me to use it. There really isn't much on it. If you Google it it's really hard to find any information on it. So taking my experience from Air Force Space Command I knew that GPS is an American owned and operated satellite. Specifically Air Force Space Command handles the operations of GPS. A little history on that. Satellite navigation goes back to the 1960s when the Navy had their own satellite. Other branches of the military had their own navigational satellites as well the Air Force and the Army did. In 1968 the DOD made everyone collaborate together and act as one big happy family so the Army satellites were decommissioned and the Air Force and Navy satellites combined into one constellation that was used for navigation up until 1978 when Navstar 1 was launched. So that is the first GPS as we know it today satellite that was launched. Since then 72 have been launched with 24 currently in orbit so they need 24 satellites to maintain worldwide coverage. Now there are additional satellites on orbit. You can see there's 33 up there in orbit about give or take. These are referred to as on orbit spares. These are typically older satellites that get pushed out as newer ones are launched to take their place and these typically don't have the best capabilities so they're typically not in use. GPS is in a MEO orbit or medium Earth orbit. This means that it goes around Earth twice a day so one full orbit every 12 hours. Now there are other orbits out there that people should be familiar with such as Leo low Earth orbit. These are things like the space station which goes around the Earth every 90 minutes so a Leo orbit is about 90 minutes whereas a MEO orbit here is about 12 hours. There's other orbits out there such as HEO a highly elliptical orbit. This is when satellites are have some kind of wonky orbit typically to hang out over a certain position of Earth for a certain amount of time and then go around the Earth again. Then there's also GEO, geostationary or geosynchronous satellites as well and those satellites are out so far from Earth that they're actually in sync with the Earth rotating so they revolve around the Earth at the same rate that Earth rotates. This creates this illusion that these satellites are over a static point of Earth. A common example that everyone would know of this is satellite TV. Whenever the technician came over to set up your satellite TV at home he set up a satellite dish pointed it at a single point in the sky, screwed it in place and then never touched it again because he pointed it at a satellite that is in a static point in the sky. Now GPS uses trilateration to determine the location of an individual. So what is trilateration? It's hard to explain in the three dimensional plane so I'm going to do my best to describe it in the two dimensional plane. Let's say you're somewhere in the US and you turn on a GPS receiver. Well the first satellite sees you and it's going to say you're within its spot being here in this red circle so according to that satellite with just added from that your location is anywhere within this red circle. That's not very valuable that's not very accurate. Now your receiver picks up a second satellite. According to this satellite you are anywhere within this blue circle. Again individually that doesn't make a lot of sense because you could be anywhere but you see where the circles overlap. You can start to see how this is whittling down to where we might be. Now let's say a third satellite sees where you are and you're anywhere within the green circle. We can kind of see that these circles have overlapped at a common point and when you zoom in on that you can see that is how a latitude and longitude is calculated from GPS satellites using trilateration to find you on earth. Now you can use your imagination here to see if I were to continue to draw circles on this map that the area where they overlap would get smaller and thus more precise. So we know GPS needs three satellites for trilateration and there's four satellites visible at all times. Most satellite receivers typically won't provide information until they get that fourth lock from a fourth satellite. Instead of latitude and longitude once you get the fourth satellite you can also calculate altitude and additional things from there. The bottom line is the more satellites you have the more accurate the information is going to be. But what is that information? What is the data that comes down from these GPS satellites? Well I have an example of it here and these are called in-mia messages. I know that's a funny word and I'm going to skip over it and what it is right now but I just want you to look at these messages. Now you can see what I want you to pay attention to are the last three letters of these messages. GGA, GLL, GSA, GSV, RMC. These refer to the type of message that this is. The first two letters of each message indicate which satellite that it came from. So GP indicates that this message came from a GPS satellite. So you can see the different messages that we have here and then at the bottom of the screen you can see those are legitimate in-mia strings coming down from satellites in space and so that's what they look like. That's what the data looks like coming down from space. So being an Air Force Space Command I knew that I was aware of US GPS but then I was also aware that other countries did not want to use US GPS just in case we went to war with them or something like that. They may want to jam GPS so they created their own satellite constellations that do the exact same thing. So this is where Russian GLONASS comes in. So just like US GPS, Russia has their own satellite constellation that does the exact same job. It was originally launched in 1982 since then 27 satellites have been launched 21 of them are in use with 24 total in orbit. So they have about three on orbit spares and they accomplish the same task as GPS which used 24 satellites in orbit with only 21 satellites by using a slightly faster orbital period. Remember when I was talking about a medium Earth orbit, MEO, GPS satellites go around the earth every 12 hours? Well GLONASS goes around a little over 11 hours. So after thinking about Russian GLONASS I started thinking about why wouldn't you want to receive data from both thinking about GPS? At any given time if you're in an empty field on a perfect day with perfect weather you could receive 12 GPS satellites. With GLONASS it's about 6 to 10 given where you are in earth and given the weather conditions and everything. So why wouldn't you want to receive both? While GPS does have worldwide coverage it's coverage around the poles in northern Europe, northern Russia. The coverage there is not that great so GLONASS actually makes up for that. So again it's making up for the areas where GPS is lacking so why wouldn't you want to receive both? They both have worldwide coverage. This is a common misconception that people think that GLONASS receivers are only accurate in Russia, that you can only use a GLONASS receiver in Russia. Well just how GPS or the US military uses GPS to guide ships, planes, and bombs we want those ships, planes, and bombs to have accurate navigation data whether they're in the US or whether they're in Russia or anywhere in the world. The same thing applies to GLONASS. Russia also has ships, planes, and bombs that are navigated by GLONASS and they want that to have accurate navigational data regardless of where they are in the world. So these both of these satellite constellations do work worldwide and as I started looking into it I realized a lot of smartphones have actually started implementing this. I believe the iPhone 7 or the iPhone 8 actually implemented a GPS and GLONASS receiver. So I was sitting there continuing to think about constellations and then I realized that Galileo is another one made by the European Space Agency and it was first launched in 2011 since then 24 satellites have been launched and mainly all their satellites are going through the process of being commissioned to be brought online. You see there's 14 satellites in use but a lot of them are being tested and are being brought online to actually work with the constellation. And again these are MEO satellites as well. And so when you look at all of these satellites and compare it the pictures here and if anyone's curious all these pictures are from Kerbal Space Program but you compare GPS on the left 24 satellites for worldwide coverage versus the satellites on the right and you see how many there are there. The circles on the map of trilateration that you can draw increase numerously. So then I was wondering well how many satellite constellations are there? Well there's several GNSS constellations. Europe has Galileo Japan has QZSS, Russia has GLONASS, India has IRNSS, the US has GPS and China has BEDO and they are all classified under this umbrella term of GNSS global navigation satellite system. Now that's confusing because that's also what GLONASS stands for. However whenever you see GNSS it's referring to all of the satellite constellations. And it's interesting because regardless of where the the satellite constellation originates from they all speak the same language and that language is NMEA. That's that word that I said earlier that I said I would skip over and it stands for National Marine Electronics Association. So this is the standard that defines how data is transmitted in a sentence form from one talker to multiple listeners from one satellite to multiple receivers on the planet at once. And you can see in this screenshot these are NMEA strings or sentences sent from multiple satellites because you can see the last three letters of that message. GSV, GSV, GSV. But the first two indicate which satellite they came from. So GP, GSV came from a GPS satellite. GL, GSV came from a Russian GLONASS satellite. We have two more of these GL messages then we have a GA, GSV message which came from a European Galileo satellite. Then there's this GNRMC. That's another GNSS satellite. There's satellites that I didn't even mention in the previous slide that sit out in a geosynchronous orbit and provide error correction information. And so we can receive all of these things because they speak a common language. So now that we know that GPS is not the only satellite that does location services, we know that they all speak a common language. Well there's got to be dongles out there that could receive all this information, right? So that is what sent me on this quest to buy a bunch of dongles, analyze what they could do, see if I could reconfigure them in ways to receive additional satellite constellations, and then perform some tests with them. So aside from just going to Amazon and buying every GPS and GNSS dongle I could find, these are the software tools that I used. So GPSD, this is what takes the information from your dongle and starts a server that you can connect to with tools like GPSmon to troubleshoot or just view the information or kismet. And kismet will actually correlate that GPS data with the Wi-Fi information it sees so that you can war drive. Now the commands that I've laid out here, GPSD, tick D2, that's the debug level. So you can increase that number or decrease it and that'll change the verbosity of the output. Tick little in is to not wait for GPS lock before querying for messages. So that's important because you want to see those in-mia strings as they're coming down from the dongle without having to wait for it to receive full lock. Then the tick capital in there tells GPSD not to run as a background process and leave it in the foreground. Then I'm specifying my serial device. Then I'm using tick S and 2948 to specify a different port to host GPSD service on. I did this because Cali has a service that it starts on 2947, which is the default for GPSD. So instead of just disabling that, I just got in the habit of starting this on my own port. I'm also using GPS MON to troubleshoot or just to analyze the information coming down from GPSD. And you can do that with GPS MON, tick in, which specifies GPS MON to look for in-mia strings. And then you specify local host and the port that I used in starting GPSD. I also use the uCenter software from uBlocks, which it only works on windows, but it's extremely useful in configuring GPS dongles and GNSS dongles. And I'll get into that a little bit later. And then I also used kismet in this. And it's important to note that you have to go into the kismet config file and uncomment the line where it says that you want to use GPSD. So first up was the BU353S4. This is the dongle that everyone uses. This is the one that everyone recommends that everyone use. And it's GPS only. So on the right side of the screen here, we have output from GPS MON. And I've highlighted some fields here. So on the left, we see PRN. And this number is the designator for each satellite in the constellation. So when it comes to US GPS, you're only going to see numbers between 1 and 32 in this PRN field. Now at the very bottom of that PRN field, you see a number that says 138. That is actually one of the geosynchronous satellites that sits out and provides error correction. Next to the PRN field of highlighted SNN, that's the signal to noise ratio. So that shows you the signal that you're getting from a specific GPS satellite. And then on the far right of that picture, I've highlighted the number of satellites. And it says the number of satellites is seven. You can see that in the signal to noise ratio block that only seven of these satellites there are providing a signal there. So that's most likely why GPS MON is only showing seven satellites. So that's cool. Now in this example, I'm using the older version of Kismet. Sorry if Dragorn is watching, but actually this is a feature request. If I could get this back into the newer version of Kismet because space nerds like to see GPS information like this, you could see on the top right, I'm pulling down the NMEA strings straight from the serial device by just using the cat command and then specifying the serial device. And you can see the NMEA strings coming down from space. But on the left side, after starting up Kismet and everything, it can see the satellites. However, it says I don't have a signal. I don't have a strong enough signal on enough satellite to determine my location. And that's stressful. That's infuriating. When you're trying to perform a war drive, maybe there's bad weather outside or something and you just want to get it done. This isn't going to help anyone just sitting around waiting for lock. So this was what inspired me to look for additional dongles is because I've been in this situation many times on a wireless pen test when I'm waiting on this GPS dongle to lock up so that I can start my war drive or war walk and hurry up and get out of there. But you could see if we just had more satellites in space to lock up on, other than the 32 in the entire GPS constellation, maybe that would make it easier to obtain lock. So when I started talking to people about this, this was one of the first dongles that was recommended to me. Now it's important to note it says GPS slash GLONASS. That slash means or and not both. So you can only configure this dongle to work with GLONASS or GPS and not both. And you can use the uCenter software to configure this. And I've highlighted one of the configuration screen from that on the right here. You can see it has all these satellite constellations that you could actually select. And some of them are grayed out in this example Galileo, Beto, and I M E S are grayed out. But GPS, S B A S and Q Z S S are selectable. And whenever you select a configuration here at the bottom of this configuration menu, there is a send button that you must push to push the configuration to the dongle. And again, in this testing, I found out very quickly that I could only configure this dongle for GPS or GLONASS. So I ended all my testing with that because I was looking for dongles that could do both. Now, I wanted to talk about the uCenter software because it can be a pain to use a pain to learn. And there's not a lot of resources out there on how to use it. Like I mentioned before, it's a windows only piece of software that you can download for free from their website. Once you install it and everything, you launch it and then from the receiver drop-down menu go into connection and then you'll see the COM devices there for you to select your USB dongle. Once you've selected that, you can then go to the view drop-down, go to configuration view, select GNS config, and then you can actually select which satellite constellations you want to receive from. And I mentioned it before, but after you select which constellations you want to receive from, you go down to the bottom and click send. And then that will push the configuration to the dongle. However, you have to save that configuration after you have sent it. So from receiver drop-down menu, go to action and save config. And that will store that configuration in the memory on the dongle. So when you unplug it and then plug it into another computer, that configuration is saved there. Specifically, if you want to only receive GLONASS satellites. So I configured a dongle here to only receive data from GLONASS satellites. In the bottom left-hand corner, you can see that GLONASS is the only constellation that is enabled. In the top left, you can see all the NMEA strings that are coming from GLONASS satellites indicated by the GL in front of every message. And then on the right side, I just have a pretty picture showing the Russian flag next to every satellite that I'm receiving a signal from. Now, once I save that configuration from the use center software, unplug that dongle from my Windows machine and then plug it into my Linux computer and use GPSD and GPS MON to receive information. You can see here in GPS MON, the PRN numbers are now between 65 and 88. That is because those are Russian GLONASS satellites that I'm receiving a signal from. And again, on the right side, I've highlighted that there's seven satellites I'm receiving a signal from. And you can see that from the signal-to-noise ratio there that two satellites aren't reporting a signal. So this is one of the first dongles that I found that could do both. It was advertised as a GNS receiver. It said it could receive all the things. And I wanted to test it out and just buying it and plugging it in to Cali Linux. It worked right out of the box. I was able to hook it up with Kismet after starting up GPSD and then you can see from the output on the left side of the screen there from the GPS Info and Kismet, you can see all the satellites that I'm receiving data from. So one through 32 would be US GPS satellites 65 through 88 are Russian GLONASS satellites. And then 131, 135, 138 are the geosynchronous satellites that provide error correction data. So that's cool, but I want to receive more. And so I found this dongle that receives all of the things, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Beto, QZSS. And you can see that in the U-Center software. You can see the first six satellites are US GPS, then the next six satellites, six or seven satellites are Russian GLONASS satellites. Then there is another geosynchronous satellite that provides error correction. And then the final two satellites in that picture are European Galileo satellites. This is the same screenshot, but on the left side, you can see the NMEA data coming down from them. You can see that the very top GL GSA came from a Russian GLONASS satellite. GA GSA come from a European Galileo satellite. GP GSV came from a US GPS satellite. So we are receiving information from all three constellations with a single dongle. What does that look like in GPS MON? GPS MON couldn't even handle all the satellites that it was picking up. So this screen only goes to 11. And you can see on the right side that I picked up at least 15. And then I also showed the sentences block of GPS MON. And in this block, you can see those messages that I was just referencing. GNGGA came from a GNSS satellite. GP GSA came from a GPS satellite. GL GSA came from a Russian GLONASS satellite. So this is a quick way to see how or to see what messages you're receiving and which satellites you're receiving from. So if you were to plug this into Kismet, what would that look like? Again, you can see I have luck on 23 satellites. And again, 1 through 32 is US GPS from there up to 83 is US or Russian GLONASS. And then 309 and 312 are European Galileo satellites. Okay, so big whoop. You found all these GPS dongles. You found some that could pick up other satellites. But what does it mean? What does it mean to war driving? And what does it mean to accuracy in general? So I ran some tests. I set up equipment with each dongle and drove around a neighborhood and let's see the results. So with GPS only using the BU 353, you could see here that yeah, it looks pretty good. I did a little loop over here in this neighborhood to kind of test the precision there. It looks a little off. But I mean, for the most part, it looks like I'm on the road. I wasn't a car. So I was on the street the entire time. So there are some areas where it looks like I was on the sidewalk. But for the most part, this is pretty accurate. Next, I had one of the dongles configured for GLONASS only. So just using Russian GLONASS satellites, it kind of looks like I was off in the grass and driving over people's houses. But for the most part, it still captured the same path. Then we have the GNSS receiver. So this is receiving all the things from GPS GLONASS Galileo. And you can see this actually looks much better. It looks like I'm in more in the center of the road, which is more closer to where I was actually driving. The circle around this tree up here looks a lot better. But let's compare all of them when we overlay them together. So the green lines are going to be GPS. GLONASS is red. And the GNSS receiver is yellow. So for the most part, the tracks all look the same, with GLONASS sticking out a little bit. But let's zoom in on that circle there. So you can see the way I drove this path was I came down through the top of that parking lot and do the lap around the tree and then left out the front entrance there. So with the yellow line, you can see that I actually stayed on the road. With the green line, it shows me off in the grass a little bit. But for the most part, it's fairly accurate. And the red line from just GLONASS only information shows me running off in the grass and driving over cars like a monster truck, which is not what I did. But yeah. So what did we learn from that in a rural area with not much in the way to obscure the sky? It really doesn't matter which dongle you use. They're all fairly accurate for the most part.  But let's test this again in an area where there are things obscuring the view to the sky. So I drove to downtown Denver and ran the same test. So we can see here GPS. Well, that looks pretty good. There's only a few sections there where I got a little squarely going around the corners of some buildings. But for the most part, that's really accurate. GLONASS only. I don't even know what happened. Clearly, it can't handle an urban environment. But using the GNSS receiver, this was definitely the most accurate. In all the results there, you can see it shows you exactly which street I'm on. And you can see the path that I drove. Let's overlay them all together. And you can see for the most part, GPS by itself was fairly accurate as well. It just got off path a little bit. But yeah, we can zoom in and see that there. That GPS kind of showed that I drove through a building and off through some trees. But for the most part, it stuck close to the road where I actually was. And if we're mapping Wi-Fi networks in something like Wiggle or something like that, this information, it doesn't need to be the most accurate. I mean, if you're sending someone on site to go and attack this Wi-Fi network, they're going to find it if they're within that same area that GPS is kind of saying that we went to. So while it is, and it's not the most accurate, it's still pretty accurate there. So the results here is that the GNSS dongle was the most accurate in all of the war driving results. GLONASS by itself was the least accurate. And the GNSS receiver locked up the fastest. In all of these cases when I was testing this out, what I did was I drove to the starting location, plugged in everything, and then sat there, waited for it to get locked. And then I gave each one 10 minutes to stay stationary before I conducted the drive. And the GNSS receiver locked up instantly every time. And that's simply due to the number of satellites in the sky that it can pull information from. So what do you want to look for when you're looking for a GNSS dongle? First, make sure it's a GNSS receiver. GNSS means that it receives all of the things. The Ublocks chipset is easy to configure with that Ucenter software. Everything is point and click. There are some Python PIP modules to interact with Ublocks chips or chipsets, such as the one seen on the right here, which leads me to the third bullet point of looking at the supported operating system. When you're looking at various dongles, they may say it supports Windows. It may say it supports Linux. You want to make sure that it's going to work with the operating system that you're going to use in your war driving efforts. So this $200 Raspberry Pi hat isn't going to work with a Windows computer. It's important to note that. And I also wanted to note that I'm not telling you to buy the dongle that I used in this. I'm not saying that my research is the end all be all. All I wanted to do was provide enough knowledge to the community to be able to be educated enough to make decisions on what kind of dongles to buy. Now that you know that GPS is not the only satellite out there. You know what kind of data comes down from these satellites. And you know that there are dongles out there that can receive that in me a data and determine location.  This spark fund Pi hat was brought to my attention shortly before this presentation was made.  But it's certainly up for anyone. Anyone could do that. I'm not the expert on this. I just wanted to provide my background knowledge, the fundamental knowledge of how GPS works so that everyone else could go out there and make the same kind of decisions that I did. Just buy a bunch of dongles and do the research yourself and try to find out what works best for you.   Wiggles doing a war driving contest with DEF CON this year as part of their wireless CTF. Check it out, sign up, select a block on the world, war drive some access points and collect some points. If you want to continue the conversation with me on war driving, you can find me on Twitter at the Derricott. If you want to see projects that I'm working on, there's my github link.


From the SiliconANGLE Media office in Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE. Now, here's your host, Dave Vellante. Hi everybody, welcome to this preview of HPE's Discover Madrid storage news. We're going to unpack that. My name is Dave Vellante. And Hewlett Packard Enterprise has a six months cadence of shows. They have one in the June timeframe in Las Vegas and then one in Europe this year. Again, it's in Madrid. And you always see them announce products and innovations of coinciding with those big user shows. With me here is Patrick Osborne, who's the vice president and general manager of big data and secondary storage at HPE. Patrick, great to see you again. Great to be here. Love theCUBE, thanks for having us. Oh, you're very welcome. So let's unpack some of these announcements you guys. As I said, you're on those six month cadence. You've got sort of three big themes that you're vectoring into. Maybe you could start there. Yeah, so within HPE storage and big data, where our point of view is around intelligent storage and intelligent data management. And underneath that, we've kind of vectorated on three pillars that you talked about. AI driven. And so essentially bringing the intelligence, self managing, self healing to all of our storage platforms and big data platforms built for the cloud. We've got a lot of use cases and user stories. And you've seen from an HPE perspective, hybrid cloud is a big investment we're making in addition to the edge. And the last is delivering all of our capabilities from product perspective, solutions and services as a service. So GreenLake is something that we started a few years ago and being able to provide that type of elastic purchasing experience for our customers is gonna weave itself in further products and solutions that we announced. So I like your strategy around AI. Of course it gets a lot of buzz these days. You guys are taking a practical approach. The Nimble acquisition gave you some capabilities there in predictive maintenance. You've pushed it into your automation capabilities. So let's talk about the hard news specifically around InfoSight. Yeah, so InfoSight is an incredible platform. And what you see is that we've been not only giving customers richer experiences on top of InfoSight that go further up into the stack. So we're providing recommendation engines. So we've got this whole concept of cross stack analytics that go from your app and your virtualization layer through the physical infrastructure. So we've had a number of pieces of that that we're announcing to give very rich AI driven guidance to customers to fix specific problems. We're also extending it to more platforms. We just announced last week the ability to run InfoSight on our server platforms. So we're starting off in a journey of providing that which we're doing at the storage and networking layer weaving in our server platforms. So essentially platforms like ProLiant, Synergy, Apollo, all of our value compute platforms. So we're doing some really cool stuff not only providing the experience on new platforms but richer experiences certainly around performance bottlenecks on three par. So we're getting deeper AI driven recommendation engines as well as what we call an AI driven resource planner for Nimble. So if you take a look at it from a tops down view this isn't AI marketing. We're actually applying these techniques and machine learning within our install base in our fleet which is growing larger as we extend support from our platforms that actually make people's lives easier from a storage administration perspective. And that was a big part of the acquisition that IP that machine intelligence IP obviously had to evaluate that and the complexity of bringing it across the portfolio who live in this API driven world Nimble was a very modern platform. So that facilitated that injection of that intelligence across the platform and that's what we're seeing now. Yeah, absolutely. And you go from essentially tooling up these platforms for this very rich telemetry really delivering a differentiated support experience that takes a lot of the manual interactions and interventions from a human perspective out of it. And now we're moving in with these three announces that we've made into things that are doing predictive analytics, recommendations and automation at the end of the day. So we're really trying to make people's lives easier from an admin perspective and giving them time back to work on higher value activities. Well, let's talk about cloud. HP doesn't have a public cloud like at Amazon or in Azure you partner with those guys but you have cloud volumes which is cloud like it's actually cloud from a business model perspective explain what cloud volumes is and what's the news here. Yeah, so we've got a great service that's called HPE cloud volumes and you'll see throughout the year us extending more user stories and experiences for hybrid cloud, right? So we have cloud bank which is focused on secondary storage, cloud volumes is for primary storage users. So it is a public cloud adjacent storage as a service and it allows you to go into the portal, enter your credentials, you can enter in your credit card number and essentially get storage as a service as an adjacent or replacement data service for example, EBS from Amazon. So you're able to stand up storage as a service within a co-location facility that we manage and it's completely delivered as a service and then our announcement for that is that so what we've done in the Americas is you can essentially apply compute instances from the public cloud to that storage. So it's in a co-location facility that's very close from a latency standpoint to the public cloud. Now we're gonna be extending that service into Europe so UK, Ireland and for the AMIA users as well as now we can also support persistent storage workloads for Docker and Kubernetes and this is a big win for a lot of customers that want to do continuous improvement, continuous development and use those containerized frameworks and then you can essentially integrate with your on-prem storage to your off-prem and then pull in the compute from the cloud. Okay, so you got that right once run anywhere sort of model I was gonna ask you why would I do this instead of EBS? I think you just answered that question is because you now can do that anywhere. Hybrid is a key theme here, right? Yeah, also too from a resiliency perspective, performance and durability perspective, the service that we provide is certainly six nines, very high performance from a latency perspective. We've been in the enterprise storage game for quite some time so we feel we've got a really good service just from the technology perspective as well. And the European piece, I presume a lot of that as well, of course GDPR, the fines went into effect in May of 2018. There's a lot of discussion about okay, data can't leave a particular locality. It's especially onerous in Europe but probably other places as well. So there's a data locality, governance, compliance angle here too. Yeah, absolutely and for us, if you take a specific industry like healthcare, for example, so you have to have a pretty clear line of sight for your data provenance so it allows us to provide the service in these locations for a healthcare customer or a healthcare ISV, SaaS provider to be able to essentially point to where that data is. And so for us it's going to be an entrance into that vertical for hybrid cloud use cases. All right, so again, you've got the AI driven piece, the cloud piece, I see as a service which is the third piece, the cloud is one and as a service is one A. It's almost like a feature of cloud but so let's unpack that a little bit. What are you announcing in as a service and what's your position there? Yeah, so our vision is to be able to provide an as a service experience for almost everything we have that we provide our customers, whether it's an individual product, whether it's a solution or actually like a segment. So in the space that I work in big data and secondary storage backup as a service, for example, is something that customers want. They don't want to be able to manage that on their own by piece parts, architect the whole thing. So what we're able to do is provide your primary storage, your secondary storage, your backup ISV. So in this case, we're going to be providing backup as a service through GreenLake with Veeam. And then we even can bring in your cloud capacity. So for example, Azure Blob Storage which would be your tertiary storage from an archive perspective. So for us, it really allows us to provide customers and it's an experience that is more of an, it's an experienced cloud as a destination. We're providing a multi-cloud hybrid cloud experience not only from a technology perspective but also from a purchasing flex up, flex down, flex out experience. And we're going to keep on doing that over and over for the next foreseeable future. So you've been doing GreenLake for a while. Yeah, absolutely. So how's that going and what's new here? Yeah, so that's been going great. We have well over, I think at this point, 500 petabytes under management under GreenLake. And so the service is, it's interesting when you think about it, when we were designing this, we thought just like the public cloud, the compute as a service would take off but from our perspective, I think one of the biggest pain points for customers is managing data, storage and big data. So storage as a service has grown very rapidly. So these services are very popular and we'll keep on iterating on them to create maximum velocity. One of the other things that's interesting about some of these accounting rules that have taken place is that customers seed to us the ability to do architecture. So we're essentially creating no snowflakes for our customers and they get better outcomes from a business perspective. So we help them with the architecture, we help them with planning and architecture of the actual equipment and then they get a very defined business outcome in SLA that they pay for as a service, right? So it's a win-win across the board, it's really good. Okay, so no snowflakes as in not everything's custom. Absolutely. And then so that lowers, not only your cost, it lowers the customer's cost. So let's take an example like that. Let's take backup as a service, which is part of GreenLake. How does that work? If I want to engage with you on backup as a service. Yeah, so we have a team of folks in point next that can engage like very far up in the front end, right? So to say, hey, listen, I know that I need to do a major re-architecture for my secondary storage. Can HPE, can you help me out? So we provide advisory services, we have well-known architectures, that fit a set of well-known mission-critical, business-critical applications at a typical customer site. So we can drive that all the way from the inception of that project to implementation. We can take more customized view or a roadmap approach to customers where they want to bite off a little bit of the time and use things like flex capacity and then weave in a full GreenLake implementation. So it's very flexible in terms of the way we can implement it. So we can go soup to nuts or we can get down to very small, granular pieces of infrastructure. Just sticking on data protection for a second, I saw a stat the other day. It's a fairly well-popular, often quoted stat, which is Gartner, I think, is 50% of customers are going to change their backup platform by like 20, 23 or something. And you think about, by the way, I think that's legitimate stat. And when you talk to customers about why, well, things are changing, cloud, multi-cloud, things like GDPR, ransomware, digital transformation. I want to get more out of my data than just insurance, my backup than just insurance. I want to do analytics. So there's all these other sort of evolving things. I presume your backup as a service is evolving with that. What are you seeing there? Yeah, we're definitely seeing that the secondary storage market is very dynamic in terms of the expectations from customers are changing and changing very rapidly. And so not only are providing things like GreenLake and backup as a service, we're also seeking new partners in the space. So one of the big announcements that we'll make at Discover is we are doing a pretty big amplification of our partnership in an OEM relationship with Cohesity. So a lot of customers are looking for a secondary platform from a consolidation standpoint. So being able to run a number of very different and disparate workloads from a secondary storage perspective and make them work. So it's a great platform, scale out. It's going to run on a number of our HPE platforms. So we're going to be able to provide customers that whole solution from HPE, partnering with Cohesity. Just so in general, this secondary storage market's hot and we're making some bets in our ecosystem right now. You also have big data in your title. So you're responsible for that portfolio. I know Apollo in the HPC world has been, I had a foothold there. There's a lot of synergies between high performance computing and big data. What's going on in the big data world? Yeah, so big data is one of our fastest growing segments within HPE. It's a big data analytics and some of the things that are going on with AI in commercial high performance applications. So for us, we have a new platform that we're announcing, our Gen 10 version of Apollo 4200. It's definitely the workhorse of our Apollo server line for applications like Cloudera, Hortonworks, MapR. We see Apache Spark, Kafka, a number of these, as well as some of these newer workloads around HPC. So TensorFlow, CAFE, H2O. And so that platform allows us with really good compute memory and storage mix from a footprint perspective and it certainly scales into rack level infrastructure. That part of the business for us is growing very quickly. I think a lot of customers are using these big data analytics techniques to transform their business. And as we go along and help them, certainly it's been a really cool ride to see all this implemented at customer sites. You know, with all this talk about sort of big data and analytics and cloud and AI, you sort of get lost, the infrastructure kind of gets lost, but the plumbing still matters. And so underneath this, so we saw the flash trend and that really had a major impact on certainly the storage business specifically, but generally the overall marketplace. I mean, you really be hard to support a lot of these emerging workloads without flash and that stack continues to evolve, that pyramid if you will. So you've got flash memory now replacing much of the spinning disk space. You've got DRAM, which obviously is the most expensive highest performance and there seems to be this layer emerging in the middle, the storage class memory layer. What are you guys doing there? Is there anything new there? Yeah, so we've got a couple of things cooking in that space. In general, like when you talk about the infrastructure, it is important, right? And we're trying to help customers not only by providing really good product in scalable infrastructure, things like Apollo, our systems Nimble, 3PAR, we're also trying to provide experience around that too. So combining things like InfoSight, InfoSight on storage, InfoSight on servers and Apollo for big data workloads is something that we're gonna be delivering in the future. The platforms really matter. So we're gonna be introducing NVMe and storage class memory into our, what we feel is the industry leading portfolio for flash storage. So between Nimble and 3PAR, we'll have those platforms will be, they're NVMe ready and we'll be making some product announcements on the availability of that type of media. So if you think about using it in a platform like 3PAR, industry leading from a performance perspective, allow us to get sub 200 millisecond performance for very mission critical latency intolerant applications. And it's a great architecture. It scales in parallel, active, active, active, right? So you can get quite a bit of performance from a very, a large 3PAR system. And we're gonna be introducing NVMe into that equation as a part of this announcement. So we see this as critical. For years, of course in the storage business, we would talk about how storage is growing, storage is growing, storage is growing, and we would show the charts up to the right. And, but it was always like, yeah, and somehow you got to store it, you got to manage it, and I might have to move it, it's a real pain. The whole equation is changing now because of things like flash, things like GPU, storage class memory, NVMe, now you're seeing, and of course all this ML and deep learning tech. And now you're seeing things that you're able to do with the data that you've never been able to do before, new emerging use cases. And so it's not just lots of data, it's completely new use cases, and it's driving new demands for infrastructure, isn't it? Absolutely. I mean, there's some macroeconomic tailwinds that we had this year, but HPE had a phenomenal year this year. And we're looking at some pretty good outlooks into next year as well. So yeah, from our perspective, the requirement for customers for latency improvements, improvements, bandwidth improvements, and total addressable capacity improvements is never stops, right? So it's always going on. And it's the data pipeline is getting longer. The amount of services and experiences that you're tying on to existing applications keeps on augmenting, right? So for us, there's always new capabilities, always new ways that we can improve our products. We use, for things like InfoSight and a lot of the predictive analytics, we're using those techniques for ourselves to improve our customers' experience with our products. So it's been, it's a very virtuous cycle in the industry right now. Well, Patrick, thanks for coming in to theCUBE and unpacking these announcements at Discover Madrid. You're doing a great job sort of executing on the storage plan. Every time I see you, there's new announcements, new innovations, you guys are hitting all your marks, so congratulations on that. HPE, intelligent storage, intelligent data management. So if you guys have data needs, you know where to come to. All right, thanks again, Patrick. Great, thank you so much. Talk to you soon. All right, thanks for watching everybody. This is Dave Vellante from theCUBE. We'll see you next time.


This video is called similar polygons. This video is three slides long and this first slide you actually do not have on your note sheet so feel free to sit back and relax and just watch and listen or if you want to copy some of it down in the margin you certainly can. This is kind of hard because I'm here and you're at home and so when I ask you to think about what the word congruent means to you I don't really have a chance to hear your answer but hopefully if I do ask what does congruent mean to you you can think of basically congruent meaning exactly the same that you can't even read hopefully you think of it as being the same or equal in this case the two stars are exactly the same the sides are all the same length the angles are all the same measure so exactly the same congruent means equal that is the congruent symbol an equal sign with a squiggly above it then asking what does the word similar mean to you a lot of students in the past have said almost the same or looking the same but different and really hopefully you can think of similar as being the same shape different sizes same shape different size this smartboard is really struggling all right I just realigned it hopefully that'll help for the future so similar same shape different size you can see that one star is bigger than the other and all you have to do is if it grew the same amount it would able to end up being identical as the original one or congruent or could end up being bigger or it could even end up being really really small so similar they're the same shape but different sizes and the thing is is that they'd have to um it just has to change in the same amount in all directions so let's keep going so it's kind of asking what two conditions must be satisfied in order to say that two polygons are similar well we have to compare two things we have to compare the angles looks like the smartboard isn't doing too much better and we have to compare the side lengths all right so the thing is is that the angles have to be the same they have to be congruent if you've got two triangles that are similar the angle measures have to be the same it's the side lengths that change because it's when the side lengths grow and shrink that's when the size of the shape changes but the thing is the side lengths have to be proportional that means the side lengths have to change by the same amount all right I was able to make that a little bit neater so just know to prove something similar or not two shapes are similar the angles have to be equal or congruent and the side lengths have to be proportional which means they change by the same amount you're going to be checking something that's called a scale factor you'll learn about that in just a minute let's look at the first example here it asks if the following figures are congruent similar or neither well if you take a look at it let's start with looking at the angles I've got a right angle and a right angle so those match up and then in the bottom left hand corner these are both marked with one arc each that means they're the same even though I don't know how many degrees these angles actually are because they each have one arc I know they represent the same amount and then lastly in the lower right hand corner they both have two arc marks each so this shows that the angles it shows that the angles are equal so now we have to look at the side lengths I notice a three matches up with the three a four matches up with the four and a five matches up with the five so this looks like the side lengths are exactly this so since the angles are congruent and the side lengths are exactly the same we conclude we can conclude that the two figures are in fact congruent they are the exact same shape so we can say they are congruent to each other and this one it kind of makes sense because when you look at the two pictures they do look like they're the exact same triangle and by looking at the angles and looking at the side lengths we confirmed that they are let's try this next one it asks if the following figures are congruent similar or neither well this one I think is fairly obvious because when you look at them they clearly don't look the same the one on the left looks like a parallelogram the one on the right looks like a square so without really doing any work you can rule out the fact that they're congruent then similar remember to be similar they have to be the same shape they're just maybe different sizes these clearly aren't the same same shapes either like we said one's a parallelogram one's a square so I think you could conclude pretty quickly that these shapes are not congruent and they're not similar all right one more example to go now this one's interesting I don't know the names of these shapes they have four sides so I'll call them quadrilaterals and they look like they're the same shape it's just the one on the the left looks a lot bigger than the one on the right so I know automatically that I can't say that the shapes are congruent because they're not the same size they may be the same shape but they're not the same size so what we're going to do is spend some time and see if they're similar to each other so remember so remember we have to look at two things we have to see if the angles are the same and we have to see if the side lengths are proportional let's start with the angles it looks like on the left hand side I have one arc on the left hand side of my small one I have one arc at the tops of each shape there's two arcs each on the right hand side of each shape there's four arcs each and at the bottom of each shape there are three arcs each so we just confirmed that the angles are in fact congruent so now let's take a minute and look at my side length pairs I want to match these up it looks like the six would match with the three the eight would match with the four the ten will match with the five and the twelve will match with the six so we have to figure out if they change by the same amount well let's think about it how do you get from a ten to a five you divide by two how do you get from a five to a ten you multiply by two if all the other side length pairs work in that same way we're going from left to right you divide by two and from going from right to left you multiply by two we will have similar shapes so what I did here I paused it and wrote it because for some reason the smart board works better if I if I write on it while it's paused so take a second and catch up all I did was make fractions or ratios out of my pairings the ten went with the five the six went with the three the eight went with the four and the twelve went with the six these all can simplify down to a two if I wrote them the other way and did five over ten three over six eight over four over eight and six over twelve they would have all simplified to one half so what we just showed here is that all the sides changed by the same amount so we've proven that the side lengths are proportional so therefore these shapes are similar a side note in a future video you're going to be asked to find a scale factor that's what we did here since all the side lengths changed by two two would be our scale factor you'll get that more detail in a video later on tonight


What's up everyone? It's your girl, Kenty here from Layton Sports Guards and I'm ripping a personal for Robert S. We've got a 2022 Panini Honors football first off the line. Yes, Robert, this is you. Good timing. Here we go. Photo time. Let me see your photo sticker right here. Good luck, Robert. Again, looking for a one of one auto as well as another auto number to 15 or less. Here we go. We have a silver Justin Jefferson. JJ here. Justin Jefferson. That one is 96 of 99 on the base parallel. And we've got purple rookie of Tariq Woolen for the Seahawks. Tariq Woolen. That one is 11 of 12. First auto out. We've got rookie purple Breeze Hall. Nice. 13 of 15 on that one. Nice, Breeze Hall. Yes, when I saw the big Ben 6, he already knew. My face was like, And you're one of one here, Robert. This is cool. I definitely don't see his autograph much anymore. How about an Andrew Luck out of Panini 1? One of one luck. That's out of 2018. Panini 1. That's cool. Wish he didn't retire early.  I love listening to those videos of him mithed up telling me to get hit super hard and them telling good hit man, good hit. Like great sportsmanship. All right, Robert, that will do it for your box. Thanks again. That was a fun rip. We'll get these right out to you.


oh hello and welcome to uh day 12 of valoon i am currently in the parking lot of my office at the moment i am gonna run to the post office i've got the seasonal surprise box winner right here hopefully you can't see their address if you can i'll blur it um i've got an envelope for a friend and then i've got more things inside and then i've got a whole bunch of these kind of envelopes which are i did a flash giveaway on my instagram yesterday um just giving away big bundles of some of my washi from my shop that i had closed a while back so anyway i'll probably end up doing that again in the future or posting it somewhere but i just wanted to get some of those packages out and i had started packaging things up so why the heck not right so anyway i am gonna head to the post office before they close and it's a little after four so it's like 420 actually um hoping that i can get through the line because sometimes it's really really hectic in there you just never know but yeah tons of happy mail today all the happy mail all right well i will see you guys when things get way more interesting all right so it's so it's night time and um dole gets his cheese wrapped in you know pills or pills wrapped in cheese there you go good job bud good job oh hi but it is like it's like 8 30 and i my back is so sore sorry i'm actually wearing like a work shirt and i don't want you guys to know where it works so i'm like angling it hopefully strategically um anyways but oh i like twinge my back or something at work today because when i got home my low back is just like really tight so i am gonna go lay on a heating pad for a while like grandma status you guys grandma status for sure so i am not gonna do anything with the vlog i don't want to sit in a chair i want to lay down dole is already upstairs now um i'm just gonna drink the rest of this water bottle and just be done with it so yeah um news from today i don't know um did all of the packages sent all those out so my seasonal surprise box winner year stuff is coming and um the flash giveaway that i did on instagram last night um those gifts are coming as well and um i had to run to the grocery store because i had all these intentions of making scallops it's my dad's birthday tomorrow um of making scallops for his birthday but then my mom's like i don't think he's really into scallops i'm like dang it so i'm actually making what i i have made it before on youtube and it was like i think it's called bacon pasta yum or something is maybe the title of the video i can't remember but i'm gonna make pasta carbonara so i'm like well he likes pasta he likes bacon he likes creamy cheese eats goodness i think this will be a hit so my plan is to make that but then my dad called me of course after i got home from the grocery store to pick up some bake i had to pick up bacon and parsley because i didn't have those things um oh and eggs i had to pick up eggs too i just didn't have any and he's like yeah um i'm gonna be doing something at noon for a while so um can you be flexible at the time for dinner i'm like well yeah but like we had this whole thing like planned out so i don't know i don't know what's happening so i mean who knows maybe we'll do it like on friday i have no idea but anyway i have yammered on for a little bit too long now my back hurts so bad so i'm gonna take um some ibuprofen which helps me personally with pain and um lay on a little heating pad and hopefully me and are off to sleep so yeah okay i'm gonna stop talking now i will see you guys tomorrow but this vlog unfortunately is not gonna be going up at the normal time i've been doing that because i just i can't sit in a chair right now guys i just can't sit in a chair so anyways um yeah that's it i'll take you around tomorrow and i will see y'all in the next vlog bye guys well folks it's time to kick it old school


You have to have a good two-way communication system and the communication system must be designed together with the parents. So you have to take it into consideration what the parents, what platforms the parents are using and you cannot really impose any platforms on them. If they prefer coming in in person or if you have this feeling that they would be happier coming in in person then you have to set up the channels, communication channels by providing a meeting room where the parents can freely come and meet the teachers. But if the parents, for example, prefer Facebook then the teacher cannot opt out. I have had these funny kind of interactions with teachers telling me that I'm very conscious about my private life so I'm not on Facebook. And how are you communicating with your class? Well they know that I'm not on Facebook. But that's not the way. Of course a teacher has to be very conscious of his or her private life but the majority of teachers will have two Facebook accounts. One for private life and one for the school life. Another very important structure or framework that needs to be in place is some kind of code of conduct. So one thing is to set up communication channels and communication frameworks but you also have to agree on how you are agreeing on that, how you are using them.  So you do have to have this kind of mutually agreed code of conduct. I absolutely believe that whatever framework there is it must be based on the principle of nothing about them without them. So whatever structure is there it has to include the children and it's difficult, especially difficult when it comes to primary school or even kindergarten. But you have to find the methodology to really have the voice of children and it will not be children sitting through long boring meetings but you will have to use other types of methodology that is there.  Another structure that needs to be in place for good parents, teachers, I would use the plural, parents, teachers relationship is some kind of decision making process where you have to have meaningful participation from all the parties, from the children, from the parents, from the teachers. In different countries there are different methodologies for the participation of the school head. In some countries the school head is a member of these decision making bodies but there are countries where the school head only has a veto right. So if all the stakeholders agree on something that doesn't make sense then the school head can come in and say no sorry it doesn't make sense I cannot implement it or just find another school head. So the structures in my opinion are physical and mostly communication structures and unfortunately according to my experience very often both are missing from the school. So you don't have the physical contact possibilities, there is no schedule for teachers when they have to be there for the parents, it doesn't take into consideration that the parents have probably different working hours from the teachers and if you really want to have a parent-teacher relationship you cannot go home at two o'clock and say that if you want to meet me you have to come between nine and two. So the structures that are physical and also virtual also need to be a kind of compromise where both sides will need to sacrifice some and unfortunately from a teacher's perspective it is what is considered free time for them it's after school hours or even weekend.


In this video, we provide the solution to question number two. For the practice exam number one for math 1060, we're given the angle theta equals pi over four, which is in radiant measure, and we're asked to convert it into degrees. To take our angle, pi over four, to convert it into radians, we need to multiply it by 180 degrees over pi, for which we'll see that the pi cancels out very quickly. We wanna simplify now the fraction 180 divided by four, four goes into 180 45 times. So we see the correct answer within BC 45 degrees.