Welcome back to my channel today's video I'm going to be discussing the pros and cons about being adopted and I honestly came up with this video idea in the shower So I hope you guys enjoy it before we get into the pros and cons make sure you are subscribed to my channel It would mean the absolute world to me and also follow me on Instagram I am trying to get some more following on that platform and I've been really working hard on my photos So I would really appreciate it. Okay. I think with that being said I'm just gonna jump on into these pros and cons before I say anything in this video Everyone's adoption story and experience is different this is just kind of my general ideas and everyone has their own set of circumstances and I Just picked pros and cons that I might think are Applicable as a pro or con they can be interpreted as any way you want to interpret them So don't feel like this is the end all be all video because everyone has a story And if you want to hear different experiences Check out other people's channels But I just wanted to preface this video with that because there's some of these that some people might not think is a pro Or might not think as a con. I'm going to start off with the cons So we end more on a positive note with the pros I think that'll just be more positive for this video. So the first con I could think of and I think this is the Biggest con is not knowing your medical history So if you don't know your biological parents, then you will not know if you know your Biological grandmother died of ovarian cancer or you know had some sort of Disease died of Alzheimer's. You don't know that that could also be a pro because I'm kind of of the mindset of like Maybe I don't want to know that because then you'll just be stressing about it your entire life Like worrying like okay, when am I going to get x disease or this type of cancer or something like that? also, you don't have to have something running in your DNA to Be prone to cancer because like anyone can get it and anyone can get diseases and stuff So I mean knowing that can be a positive or a negative I kind of see it as a negative and I put it in the negative category because you know It would probably be better to know but I personally don't mind not knowing because I wouldn't want to be concerned with anything Before anything even happens, you know what I mean? So definitely medical history is a con because you just might not know Okay, so the next con is curiosity. Who do I look like? Do I resemble more of my biological father or my biological mother? What genes do I have from who? What if I look like my? Great great grandmother, you know So you just don't know and I think it's interesting that some people might not ever know like I might not ever know Which I think is a con because if someone wanted to know I mean it could be kind of sad, but I don't really mind like it's not like a life or death situation But definitely curiosity is a more negative Thing because you know you might want to know and sometimes people will never know another con that you know, some adoptees might feel is being unwanted Feeling unwanted like their biological parents didn't want them So they put them up for adoption. You know, that's like a tragic like that's really sad You know to think that and and have that perspective on things, you know I tend to not look at it like that I tend to look at it from a different perspective But I'm just talking about the cons right now So definitely the feeling of not being wanted is definitely a con for many adoptees out there The next con is that coming to the realization that you were like legitimately abandoned And that is a like a triggering word probably if you are Adopted like you were technically abandoned by another human being, you know So I think that can be a con because you just have to be aware that you really were abandoned Like I was left on a busy road in like a box probably or something as a baby on the side of the road So just coming to the realization in terms that you were abandoned is definitely a con because Psychologically that can do some damage on someone and the last con I could really think of is the trauma Sometimes adoptees are older when they get adopted Like in their teens or you know, they're preteen years and they could have endured some trauma Whether that be like with an older person in their life or any sort of trauma that could be dealt with with power physical abuse mental abuse like things can happen and That's why the adopted person or adoptee could act a certain way or have certain viewpoints because they endured some sort of Trauma or abuse before they were adopted if I leave out anything from the con list I will put it in the description box But those are the cons I could really think of when it comes to adoption Oh another thing that I wanted to add to the con list Is family separation Whether that be with the biological parents and the biological child or just like separations of families There's a lot of people not a lot But there's like I don't know a few people in the adoption community that probably think like separating biological families is totally wrong So that could definitely be considered a con when talking about adoption Um if we want to use the word like biological family preservation I think that's what a youtuber said in one of her videos I just wanted to throw that in there because someone could also interpret just the mere fact of the separation from Um biologically connected people as a con again My viewpoint is a little bit different But I just wanted to include that in the con list moving on on a more positive note Let's talk about the pros of being adopted the first pro I wrote down was you don't have a preconceived notion of the way you look So many times in families biological families. They see a parent figure grandma uncle aunt Whatever have like a weight issue when I say weight issue I'm not saying like, you know, they're morbidly obese like my 600 pound life But they probably see that their biological Figures or dna that's in front of them is bigger And maybe they're concerned and maybe that might trigger an ed or of some sort Which is obviously not good if you don't know who you look like like I don't know anything about my biological family or anything. I don't have any preconceived notions to know Oh my gosh, my biological mom is like, you know, huge or oh my gosh She's like really lean and muscular like I just really don't know that so I don't have this this mindset Or this way of thinking because I think I'm gonna end up looking like something I don't know if that makes sense, but I'm just glad that I don't have that in my life You know, I don't have something in front of me saying this is what you're gonna look like when you're 40 years old We'll cross that bridge when you get there The next pro I wrote down was probably having more privileged life than if you were in another situation Now this again is all just an idea. This it doesn't target anyone in particular But let's just say a birth mother had a problem and they just wouldn't work out in the long run If the child was always like jumping, you know Foster care to foster care or in the system or something and they wanted a permanent home Adoption is probably the best choice for that individual. You know, I'm trying to like walk a fine line because again This isn't for everyone. Um, but I'm just presenting like generalizations So if a parent, you know, wasn't ready to be a parent yet and they knew that in their heart But they wanted an opportunity for their child to have opportunities and to blossom and to have the financial way To live a good financial life that could, you know, take them to dance or cheerleading or singing or pageants or Volleyball or soccer, you know If they knew that they couldn't provide that for that child and they wanted that for that child Then they should be, you know, given to a home that can provide that wanting more for their biological child Then they could provide which that's a way of looking at it And I feel like I definitely lead a more privileged life Um than a lot of others if I were in a different situation If I did grow up on the streets of china or something like that I definitely wouldn't have the opportunities I would have if I had not been adopted if that makes sense Okay, so this is like a short pro So i'm not going to go like too in depth with it because it doesn't really apply to me But I wrote down the child might be bilingual because if they grew up in a household that spoke a different language Then they could be bilingual So they could speak spanish or german or chinese Mandarin any sort of language and again that goes back to opportunities if they were allowed Or able to study abroad like one of my shaman sisters I mean she speaks german, which I think is so cool And that's another opportunity that they might have not gotten if they were In a different situation if you know what I mean another problem I wanted to include is feeling chosen Um, you were placed with a family and the family wanted you because they chose you they wanted you So that's also a feeling of want which kind of goes against my con of feeling like abandoned and everything I don't know if that one balances each other out But definitely the feeling of being wanted those people those individuals that said they wanted a child and they went to go To fulfill that want that yeah, that should make you feel wanted Like they wanted a child and they took actions to get a child and that should make you feel wanted Now I don't I won't guarantee that make will make you feel wanted But and my last pro for this video that I could really think of and this kind of goes with being wanted Your parents had to do a lot of work to get you paperwork background checks meetings maybe classes There's a lot of stuff that parents have to go through when they want to adopt a child To even get you and I'm not trying to say that like oh trying to conceive a child Traditionally, you know with intercourse isn't challenging because it's challenging for many people that suffer from Infertility and different various things. So I'm not saying that like oh, it's harder to adopt I'm just saying that when someone wants to adopt they've made that choice and then they have to go through a process Um, I understand people that do IVF in different ways to conceive a child also go through a lot of process So it's definitely different in all situations obviously But just know that people that choose to adopt have to go through a lot of work to get a child It's not just like, you know sexual intercourse to produce a child It you have to like go through many hoops I hope you guys took something from this video if I missed anything or you want to share your thoughts and feelings Leave them in the comments down below I would really love to hear your take on the situation and topic Because I just thought of it again in the shower and I wanted to share my thoughts with you guys Um, I love hearing your perspectives in the comments from you know, non adoptees adoptees because we all have different stories Different backgrounds and everything and I love to hear what you guys have to say If you guys enjoyed this video make sure to give it a thumbs up for me It really helps out my channel. Also leave that comment down below Don't forget to subscribe and I'll see you guys in my next video. Bye


Hello, it's Waylon Chow and this is Discharge and Remedies for Breach of Contract, Module 2C Part E. In this part, we will look at the two remaining remedies for breach of contract, which are specific performance and injunction. When specific performance is granted as a remedy by a court, what the court is doing is ordering the party that is in breach to perform what is required under the contract. You know, do what you promise to do under the contract. So this is instead of ordering that party to pay money compensation in the form of damages. Now forcing someone to do what is required under the contract is only done if it's appropriate in the circumstances. So courts look at some specific factors. The first factor is, would damages be inadequate in this case? So where money cannot adequately form a substitute for actual performance of the contract. So damages are usually inadequate to compensate where, for example, the subject matter of the contract is the sale of a unique piece of land or a family heirloom or private company shares or some kind of unique item in general that has a value, a dollar value that cannot really be fully quantified by money. The second factor is judicial supervision. So courts generally do not want to have some kind of ongoing responsibility to supervise the performance of a contractual obligation. So if the obligation only involves some kind of single or once in for all type of action, then it's more likely to grant specific performance. The third factor has to deal with personal services. Courts do not like to force a person to perform a personal service. So they almost will never grant specific performance where a personal service is involved in a contract. So in our Justin and Drew example, if Justin refused to perform at Drew's party, it'd be highly unlikely that a court would grant specific performance. So Justin cannot be required by the court to perform under the contract. Have a look at this quick quiz question. Please pause the video at this time so you may have a moment to read the question and to consider your answer. The answer here is D, a court will probably give Trent specific performance. The reason why is that the items being sold here, the original group of seven paintings are really one of a kind pieces of art that where money damages may not adequately compensate for the breach of contract. Where a contract has a term that is considered to be a negative promise, a negative promise is a promise not to do something. And the party that made that promise under the contract fails to live up to that negative promise. In other words, they're doing what they're not supposed to do. The other party can go to court to try to get the court to provide an injunction, which is an order to not do the thing that is prohibited by the contract. Now, when will a court order an injunction? Generally speaking, an injunction will not be granted if it would create unfair hardship. There are a couple of cases that help us determine or help us decide whether or not there is unfair hardship. There's a case from the 1930s involving the actress Betty Davis, this is Warner Brothers and Nelson. The contract that Betty Davis had with Warner Brothers required that she act only in Warner Brothers films and there's a negative promise in there to not act for anyone else. So she, under that term, she can't make films for any other movie studios. So Betty Davis wanted to get out of this contract. Warner Brothers did not seek specific performance from the court to force Betty Davis to act in their movies because if we look at the law for specific performance, you cannot force someone to perform a personal service. So Warner Brothers, because of that, did not seek specific performance. Now Warner Brothers did seek an injunction to prohibit, to have the court prohibit Betty Davis from making films or acting for anyone else. And the court did impose an injunction to prohibit Betty Davis from appearing in anyone else's films. The court said that Betty Davis had skills, had other skills that would allow her to earn a good living outside of acting. And because of that, the injunction would not impose an unfair hardship. In another case from the 1960s, Page One Records versus Britain, this involved a group called The Trugs whose greatest hit was the song Wild Thing. So The Trugs had entered into a contract with their original manager. One of the terms in that contract with the manager was to not employ anyone else as a manager. In that case, the court refused to provide an injunction to that manager that they had, to that original manager that they had fired. So the court said, we're not going to give you an injunction that would stop you from hiring another manager. The court said an injunction would have prevented the Trugs from earning a living. Having a manager as a music group was a very important thing in order to get gigs and to arrange their recordings and their contracts. So it was very important to be able to make a living as a recording artist to have a manager. The court said that the Trugs had no other skills that would allow them to earn a living outside of music. And therefore to impose an injunction to stop them from having a manager would cause unfair hardship.


I'm so excited to give you another acting exercise that you can do at home for beginners, or even if you aren't a beginner, but you're feeling a little rusty, like you want to read some scripts and have some fun and maybe socialize with some actors. This is a great way to do it and a really kind way to do it because you're going to be volunteering your time. My name is Beljika and I am an actress and I make lots and lots of acting related videos. So if you're interested in acting, consider subscribing and check out all of my playlist and videos on my channel. Today, I'm going to tell you why being a reader for other people's self-tape auditions is beneficial for you and why it's a great exercise. If you are brand new to acting and you don't even know what a reader is, it's exactly what it sounds like. It's somebody that's reading the lines that the person auditioning isn't. So let's say I had an audition and my role was Jessica and there were two other people in that scene in my self-tape audition that I needed to do. Let's say Robert and Anna. Well, I would need a reader to read for those two lines. So while I'm auditioning, they can be my eye line, they can be the person I'm talking to, they can be the person that is saying the other lines. That is a reader and you can do that online right now whenever I need a reader. I usually ask my boyfriend or hop on Zoom and do it through there. I recently talked about an app called the actor trade and you can join the Facebook group and schedule different calls there for auditions through the app. Find people that might need readers and you can also join different acting Facebook groups, acting groups in general, maybe somebody from an acting class that you took and be able to coordinate all of that. And I do always hear from new actors about being extras in TV shows or movies in order to dip their toes into acting, which that is fine. You'll learn a lot about what it's like to be on set. You'll see other people acting and if you are lucky and you're close enough to all of the action, you might see actors in action be able to learn from them and see everything that they do. If you really love how they act, maybe you can do research on what training they got, where it got it from. And also you can ask that question to the person that you are reading for. I'm just going to use this app for an example because it's such an easy way to join the group, schedule calls and be able to help other actors. And if you have an audition, they can also be your reader. So it's a trading actor trade app, you trade time for each other. It's not paid. This would be a really great way for you to practice reading texts, reading different scripts, and you can see how they do their self tape auditions.  What kind of lighting are you using? Little questions like that, you shouldn't ask them, how do you do your self tape auditions in general? Because of course, it's going to be a super long answer because maybe they use a microphone, maybe they use a certain lens on their phone and attachment or lights or back, it's a really long answer. But if you have one question, you can ask them and just don't waste too much time because of course, a lot of us, when we get a self tape audition request, we only have two hours to two days to turn it in so it can be quite stressful. And of course, they're trying to concentrate on their audition. It's a great way to socialize and make actor friends because let's say somebody really likes the way you help with your reading for their audition, you guys might become social media friends and be able to maybe one day see each other on set and become real life friends and other actors in your time zone specifically, because I would highly suggest to connect with other people within your time zone so that you can help them out, because it's worldwide, other people from different countries, which is also a benefit for that app because if somebody ever has to film them an audition really, really late or really early, they're bound to find somebody in there. Let me know if you end up doing this and maybe I will see you on one of those apps one of these days. Thank you so much for watching at the end of every video. I feature another channel. This is today's feature. If you would like to be featured on my next video, make sure you're subscribed, like this video and leave me a comment.


So, as the results rolled in and Joe Biden had another blowout performance, Van Jones on CNN made a really solid point. He basically told the Democratic Party establishment that they need to be cognizant of the fact that they've got to do something to reach out to disaffected voters, primarily Bernie Sanders supporters, because young people overwhelmingly favor Bernie and young people don't like Biden. So you've got to do something. Take a look. Let me just say, I think this is a very dangerous moment for the Democratic Party. You have now an insurgency that's about to be defeated. What do you do with the people that you defeat? There was a hope on the part of a lot of young people, they had a champion. You got young people who are graduating with a quarter million dollars in debt. You got young people with a lot of pain, and they had a champion. And they thought that they were going to be able to surround a divided establishment with their movement, crush that divided establishment and move forward. Instead, the establishment united and stopped them. Now what do you do? Last time Bernie Sanders got beaten, there was an assumption that all these people were just going to fall in line and vote against Trump. And there was not enough care for the concern and the pain of his base. I think tonight there's going to be a lot of crowing, a lot of relief on the part of the establishment, but keep it temperate and turn. Turn to those people and say, we want to be your champion. If you don't do that, you're going to have a pure victory. There were a lot of Sanders supporters in key states who did not end up voting for Hillary Clinton. That's exactly my point. I agree. Biden should pivot to the general and reach out to young people in particular who supported Bernie and let them know, I'm going to be your candidate. And that he understands the fact that we have left the next generation a real house of cards. Now two things. Van Jones was actually attacked for making that very common sense point. And to Anderson Cooper's point, more Bernie Sanders supporters voted for Hillary Clinton in 2016 than Hillary Clinton supporters voted for Barack Obama back in 2008. Now I don't know what the number is going to be in 2020, but what I will say to Van Jones point is that it's probably too late for the Democratic Party. And what I mean by that is they can pay lip service to our ideals. They can maybe tacitly endorse some watered down version of Medicare for all or a means tested version of free college. But here's the problem. You haven't delivered our generation any results. And now you have another generation, zoomers who are old enough to vote.  So it may be too late. Like there may be nothing that you can say or do to win back these people. You may have created a generation of blackpilled non-voters or at best third party voters who might support Democrats down the ticket, but vote Green Party. This is the reality of the situation. And people are going to blame me and other indie media hosts for saying, well, look, this is all because of you guys. No, the problem is the millions and millions of people who don't show up to vote. And Democrats, they really have an energy deficit. People don't come out to vote because they don't feel like either party is going to do anything for them. And sure, maybe they think that Democrats are, you know, a little bit better than Republicans, but they don't believe that the difference is big enough for a perceived payoff, right? Because you've got a standard line for hours. In Michigan, there were college students standing in line for over three hours. Like you can't have this happen. Like when you have so many obstacles up to voting, closed primary states, voter suppression, voter ID laws in, you know, red states, you've got to understand that voting is a chore. Voting is a chore. So if Democrats ever want to have a shot at winning back millennials and zoomers, what they need to do is actually deliver a policy. And no, don't just say you support Medicare for all. You've got to pass it. Like you have to pass it, sign it into law and then give us healthcare. Like you can't just say, you know, well, maybe, you know, that's something we can do down the line. But first we got to pass the public option. You know, our goal is universal. No, you have to deliver. That's the only way you can win us back. And the problem is that in order for that to be the case, in order to deliver, you need us to vote for you in the first place, right?   I mean, in 2016, they ran Hillary Clinton and that was a disaster.  And there's nothing exciting about Joe Biden. At least Hillary Clinton would have been the first woman president, which I think in and of itself would have been really cool to see.  We rejoined the Paris Climate Accord. People are going to continue to die because of Medicare for all. I'm not going to do anything about your student loan debt. We're not going to legalize marijuana. I mean, how could you possibly expect people to pay the cost associated with voting when that requires them to take time off of work? When that requires them to actually take the time to come out and stand in line for hours? This situation is such a huge problem. And Democrats just will never know or maybe they do know and just don't care how much they messed up. And after nominating Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden, possibly in 2020.  Mike Bloomberg in 2024. Henry Cuellar in 2028. Dan Lipinski in 2032. I mean, we're getting to the point where we'll be nominating Republicans. They just they don't get it because everyone in that bubble is center right and centrist. And then regardless of what happens, like if they lose, we will be blamed for it as we were in 2016, even though, again, more Bernie supporters supported Hillary than Hillary supporters supported Obama.  And if you if they somehow win, which I think is unlikely, you won't be credited for that victory. The Democratic Party has made it very clear that they want nothing to do with young people. They just they don't want that support because they don't want to have to actually pass policies that will upset their donors, donors in the health industry, military industrial complex. Like there's a lot of, you know, money to be made in these industries and a lot of campaign contributions to be given out. And they don't they don't want to change that. Actually, you know, tailoring your policies to the desires of young people would require them to betray the trust of their donors. And they're just not willing to do that. So here we are, we're in a situation where we've got less than or a little over a decade to act on climate change. We have tens of thousands dying every year because they don't have health insurance and the situation just looks so grim and hopeless for young people. And that is, you know, the fault of our leaders. Not just Democrats, but Republicans as well. But I mean, like what I think a lot of people are realizing and I saw a tweet from Glenn Greenwald that kind of said this is that, you know, if we want true change in this country, we have to defeat the Democratic Party. Like if we can beat them in the primaries, then we'll win in the general. Progressives win big. Obama beat two Republicans. The moderates lose, right? John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, probably Joe Biden. And, you know, as I saw the results roll in, it was honestly astonishing. And I thought, look, all the Democrats were just talking about how they're totally cool. It's just like stealing the election. You had one representative, I think, from South Carolina talk about how, you know, it's not really the voters who choose. It's actually the party officials who choose the nominee.  Is there a chance that they'd replace him at the convention? But then I reminded myself, well, that presupposes that they actually want to win. And I genuinely don't think many Democrats want to win. I mean, if you're Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer, if you've got if you've got another four years of Donald Trump, then you can fundraise off of Donald Trump. He's great for fundraising. You can, you know, sit back, not pass any policies or pass policies and then say, well, look, we tried to pass them, but the Republicans won't allow a vote in the Senate. Like they want an excuse. They don't actually want to give us policies. I mean, when they had a supermajority, they could have done so much to change our lives. And we got a right wing health care reform plan, not even a public option. So I mean, the Democratic Party is just I don't know what to say about them. It may be too late for them. They may never be able to win over millennials and zoomers because they're not adopting any of the policies that we want. And even if they pay lip service to these policy ideas, that still probably isn't going to be enough with how bad they've, you know, hurt their credibility. They actually have to deliver. That's the only way I can ever see myself being enthusiastic to support another Democrat. If they actually like pass Medicare for all, that would change my entire outlook. Like I would still disagree with them on other issues, but at least they pass something that really transforms our lives. But I just can't see a situation where they do that because they're too stubborn and self-interested. So here we are. Van Jones has a very important message for them. Will they listen? Probably not. And if you look at the response in a centrist donut Twitter, they were very much not not okay with what he was saying. All right. You read what you saw, you know, they're they're definitely excited about the fact that the brony bros are crying now. But you're going to cry in November if you continue to do this, because voters aren't excited to vote for Joe Biden. You know, Donald Trump is going to mop the floor with him. And this is something that we tried to warn you about. Donald Trump is a fascist. He's a disaster.  I mean, actually Bloomberg's probably the worst, but I mean, out of all the people in the field, what 20 plus candidates, you chose one of the worst. So I mean, all right, that's that's that's where we're at. This is your fault. You can't blame voters. You can't blame anyone else but yourselves. This is what the Democrats wanted. This is what the establishment wanted. And this is what they're getting.


I'll be continuing from where we left in the part one of MRA brain tumor imaging and update. In the first part, we talked about how DTI and MRA spectroscopy are useful as add-ons to the structural imaging in brain tumor imaging. Today we'll look at perfusion, ASL imaging and also functional bold imaging. Let's start off with MRA perfusion first. It is today considered as the biological marker of malignancy grading and prognosis in brain tumors. It measures the degree of tumor angiogenesis and capillary permeability in the given tumor and that is considered as hallmark in differentiating benign tumors from malignancy tumors and in malignancy tumors, what kind of grading that you are dealing with. Increase RC building, typical cutoff is 1.75, is almost always associated with higher tumor grades. Anything lesser than that is considered closer to benign. How does MR perfusion work? We must understand the concept of perfusion, how it is different from simple enhancement that we see on non-perfusion imaging. So simple enhancement which was traditionally used for over 30 years to look at the pattern of enhancement in brain tumors indicates only disruption of blood-brain barrier in the given tumor and at the margins of the tumor. It does not necessarily correlate with tumor grade. MR perfusion principle is based on new angiogenesis. It assesses the number and severity of leaky tortuous vessels in the given tumor. This is associated with increased blood flow in the given tumor and increased blood volume. It also depicts the tumor grading very precisely based on new angiogenesis and presence of leaky new vascularity. How does MR perfusion perform? So what we do is we inject rapid intravenous gadolinium, approximately 15 ml of it at a rate of 5 ml per second and then you obtain a time series of GRE EPI-based intubated images covering entire brain and then looking at the area of interest and this is how sequential set of GRE EPI-based images, 32 star images come. This is the area of tumor. The reservation is not going to be great but this particular portion of brain will pick up contrast early and wash out early. So washing out is seen here. So you get a set of about 32 sets of images which are then post-processed to look at the perfusion of given SOI. What are the current applications of perfusion in brain tumor imaging? First and foremost it differentiates tumor from non-tumor conditions like tumor factor demagnation or benign regions which simulate tumors. It differentiates types of tumors. For example glioma versus lefoma versus metastasis. In the glioma it allows us to grade the tumor more accurately. Also we know that most of tumors will have multiple grading within the tumor. So which one to pick up for biopsy and which is likely to give a higher grade can be assessed using MR perfusion. In post-operative or post-relief therapy situation it differentiates recurrence from post treatment changes. Also it assesses response to therapy very very accurately. It differentiates true progression from pseudo-progression and it differentiates true response from pseudo-response and we'll see some examples. Optimum cutoff values for grading hydrate tumors and differentiating them from low grade tumors is today based on RCBB and also upon Colleen creative ratio and Colleen NA ratio. The typical cutoff of RCBB is 1.75 to differentiate high grade from low grade. That of Colleen creative is 1.56 and that of Colleen NA is 1.60. Based on this MR perfusion has much more sensitivity that is about 95 percent. Quite good specificity that is of 57.5 percent and a very very low error rate compared to MR spectroscopy. And here are the classic examples. If you look at this post-conferenced non-fat-sector tumor-related images, this is why barely enhances. But on MR perfusion it's RCBB was 2.1 and on biopsy this turned out to be an acoustic astrocytromark. One more example on structural imaging there is hardly any enhancement in this left tumor. On MR perfusion it showed perfusivity of 4.1 and on biopsy it turned out to be GBM. Here are two different patients showing ring enhancing regions. The first patient shows ring enhancing region in the midbrain. The other one shows two ring enhancing regions in left front lobe. On morphological imaging it will be virtually impossible to decide what we are dealing with. So look at MR perfusion. This midbrain region is hypoperfused whereas these left front lobe regions are markedly hyperperfused. The first one turned out to be Tiberkruma. The second one turned out to be metastasis from serial lung. Here is another patient having right parietal lobe glioma. The structural enhancement pattern is quite heterogeneous you don't know whether you are dealing with hygrids or low grade tumor. On MR perfusion the perfusion was low to the tune of 1.2. Patient decided to go against the medical advice of biopsy, came back after 22 months and if we look at the imaging now the region and increased MR perfusion in size cystic necrosis has increased enhancement and heterogeneity has further increased MR perfusion showed a CBV of 2.8. So we know we are dealing with a tumor which is low grade to begin with and has now turned hygrids. There is another analysis that we what we have to do when we analyze MR perfusion and that is called as mean grove analysis. So it's basically drop in the signal on it to start set of images that we are looking at. So when we inject contrast after about 18 seconds when the contrast reaches brain if you are dealing with hygrid tumor the CBV in the tumor bed will show steep fall and quick wash out and then the severity of drop and wash out is what we assess using mean grove analysis. Here is an example we know that we are dealing with a hygrid glioma in the right frontal lobe exchanging in the measurement here if you look at the mean grove analysis the drop is very steep recovery is also very fast but it is to the tune of about 60% from the baseline. So when the baseline recovery is low and incomplete we know that there is lot of contrast leakage through the leaky new masculinity that these hygrid gliomas have. So this further confirms that we are dealing with the hygrid glioma compare that with this yogurt glioma in the right perishable region the pickup of contrast is not so steep and wash out is almost 80% 85%. So yogurt gliomas will have more wash out hygrid gliomas will have less wash out. Here is another example of this left middle cerebellar peduncular tumor it's dark on T2 it is shown intense homogenous enhancement we know we are dealing with a lymphoma. If you look at perfusivity this patient had a CBV of 4.2 if you look at mean grove analysis the pickup of contrast is very steep and quick wash out also is very steep and quick and the recovery is almost to the tune of 120% and this is considered to be very very typical of lymphoma. So lymphoma shows approximately 120% baseline recovery which is considered typical. So let's try to differentiate using mean grove analysis glioma from metastasis from lymphoma. Our CBV is very very high in glioma but is almost equally high in metastasis as well as lymphoma. But mean baseline recovery is much below baseline in glioma. It is below baseline but not as low as glioma in metastasis and it overshoots baseline in lymphoma. This happens because of angiocentric grove pattern and widening of perivascular spaces that are associated with lymphoma. Differentiating radiation necrosis versus tumor recurrence is also very clearly defined and has specific protocols when you are talking about MR perfusion. Here are two borrowed examples of differentiating radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence using MR perfusion. Here is a dirty looking region in this left parietal lobe glioma patient post radiotherapy. But if you look at MR perfusion, the perfusion is less than 0.6. So this is such a radiation necrosis. Based on morphological imaging it is very difficult to guess that. This is another patient having two innocuous looking regions in left frontal and parietal lobes in the peri-ventricular region. But if you look at MR perfusion, these are intensely red. So you know you are looking at metastasis along peri-ventricular region in this patient with left parietal lobe glioma which was treated surgically and after giving radiotherapy. So the tumor bed is quiet but there is spread along peri-ventricular white metatars. Here is our own example of bed necrosis in the left temporal parietal tumor. If you look at this region, it looks quite similar to this region. But if you look at perfusion of this region, there is hardly any perfusivity. So we know we are dealing with radiation necrosis here. The radiation oncologist must have overshot his area of interest. In the tumor bed however, there is intense uptake and early washout which is indicative of tumor recurrence. So there is tumor recurrence in the tumor bed in the temporal lobe and radiation necrosis in the parietal lobe. So that is about usefulness of MR perfusion in brain tumors. Let us move on to ASL imaging or artificial spin leveling and how it is slowly but definitely replacing contrast enhanced perfusion. Technically what we do is we do not inject any contrast. That is how it is called as galvanum-free MR perfusion. It uses magnetically labeled arterial blood water protons to use as endogenous stressor. So what is done is you label the protons going through carotid and posterior circulation by applying a tag.  This is how normal ASL-CBF map looks and this is how ASL without contrast looks. So here the patient with metastasis in left posterior parietal parietal region, ASL showing 4.2 and DCS map showing 3.6 of our CBV. We know we're dealing with a high-grade tumor. Let us move on to bold imaging or functional imaging as it is called and what is its role in brain tumor imaging. So patients undergoing surgery, the surgeon would like to know the location of tumor and how near or how away it is from delocant cortex and also the surgeon would like to know cerebral dominance, especially in left-handed patients. So there are several articles. This is the one which is followed most often. What it talks about is location of tumor with the delocant cortex and the outcome. So in the lesion, if the tumor is away from delocant cortex by movement 2 centimeters, chance of that patient getting post-resuscitation deficit is virtually zero. If the lesion is located between 1 to 2 centimeters of delocant cortex, one-third of these patients will show deficit. If the lesion is located less than 1 centimeter from delocant cortex, almost half the patients will have post-operative delogical deficit. Here are our overall examples. This is a patient with left frontal tumor. The foot motor function, the primary area, is located over 3.5-4 centimeters away from the tumor. The hand area is again located about 3.5 centimeters away from the tumor and speech area is quite away. So chance of this patient getting post-surgical deficit is very, very low. That is about usefulness of functional MRI or bold imaging in tumor imaging. Let's now look at certain upcoming things like fusion imaging. So if you can add PET to MRI, it will give you not only the structural information provided by MRI and functional information provided by MRI. It will also add metabolic facet to it. So a neurosurgeon will get not only structural and functional MRI information, but the surgeon will also get metabolic blood information. So it will give extreme human anatomical information using MRI, superior soft tissue blood characterization by MRI, better temporary resolution by MRI, and comparatively less radiation hazard. Here is a borrowed example of a 44-year-old male who was a known case of left temporal low-grade glioma operated six years back and treated with ADSRP, now has suspected recurrence. What we see on routine structural MRI is the heterogeneously elastic region in the left front, the perimenticular white matter, which is hyperperfused on perfusion imaging, shows high value on SL imaging and also hypermetabolic on PET imaging. On spectroscopy, it is showing elevated choline and presence of lipid lactate. So we know we are dealing with a high-grade recurrence. Also on DTI imaging, there is destruction of the adjoining tracks. So all this information, if provided together, allows neurosurgeon to plan his therapy much more accurately. One more thing that we should be aware of is also sampling bias. So it's our job to tell neurosurgeon where to biopsy from if it's not going to rescind the tumor. For example, again in this borrowed example of right frontal lobe tumor, chance of getting high-grade changes in the given tumor are better in this intensely enhancing area compared to its corpus carousel part, which will show low-grade tumor. Let's now look at some newer trends and the whole focus is now moving from pure structural and functional imaging to molecular imaging because we now know that tumor prognosis depends not only on histology, but also on its molecular microstructure. There are three such important mutations which we need to report. That is IDH, ISD1, 1P192 correlation and MGMT methylation. And these will actually tell you, in addition to the morphological and functional imaging, the eventual outcome in the given patient. Let's understand some key concepts in this. So if the patient is IDH1 mutated, it has better prognosis and these are typically seen in low-global astrocytomase. If there's no mutation, it is called as a wild type of llamas and they have worse prognosis and these are mainly seen in primary GDNs. If patient has 1P192 correlation, which is GDN that has better prognosis compared to 1P192 intact, those patients have worse prognosis and deletions present in majority of oligodendrologmas. If patient has decreased activity of MGMT methylation, they have better prognosis compared to patients who have normal activity, which will have worse prognosis. And this key concept was put forth in this meta-analysis conducted by New England General of Medicine about three years back, which talked about how long is the survival in low-grade llamas versus high-grade llamas. So this talks about temporal survival. So if you look at this graph carefully, low-grade llamas, pandas have coarse cysteine survival. High-grade llamas hardly anybody survives beyond two years. If you look at these patients in this blue line, these started off as low-grade llamas, but they had wild type of LVH mutation. So instead of behaving like low-grade llamas, they have actually behave like high-grade llamas. So this tells us importance of how molecular imaging is going to play a part in outcome for the tumor in future. And the importance was given by the new WHO 2016 classification of brain tumors. So this has molecular imaging has significantly changed the classification of a number of tumor families, and it gives a greater reliance on molecular markers. And this is how today we are supposed to define the tumors. So histological classification is given an importance, but equal importance is today given to molecular information. So classification of tumor is divided into four layers. We finally integrated diagnosis, histological classification, WHO grade, and molecular information. These three were always available. This one has added a new facet, and this has also changed several tumor classifications from 2016. So an anaplastic oligodendro, when you are describing it, you have to call it as infiltrating gamma with oligodendrogal features by microscopy, WHO grade III classification, and IDH1 mutation with whole arm loss of both 1p and 19 new legs. Based on this, several new entities like epitheloid, glioblastoma, diffuse meningomaniacal, leptomeningial, and cellular tumors have come forth as new entities. And this will probably be the way we will have to deal with brain tumors in future. So to conclude with integration of conventional and advanced imaging techniques, we can now provide increasingly detailed information about underlying pathologies. These details will aid in improving our understanding of brain tumors and help in development of new treatment strategies and regimes in future. So as I said in the previous part of this talk, radiology has to be both image-centric and patient-centric. We must understand that we are an important part of the patient management. Inter-speciality communication and coordination is very, very important, and we should be the first part of it. We should aim to change from volume based to value based imaging, from interpretation focus to outcome focus reporting, and the responsibility of training our future generation with not only the advances, but these values lies with us. Thank you again for your attention.


No, if you're watching this, I've been crocheting all week and using up what I have, right? Because that's the whole part of fixing the flow videos. It's one of the things about that, right? Is using what we have, using up what we have before we bring in anything new, right? If you haven't watched those videos, I'll put a link to the playlist down below. Anyway, I have a bunch of yarn as I say, in those videos. Most of it's wool wool blend and I found a sweater on the Hobie website. It's called the Horizon Cartigan and it's basically a two giant granny squares. So I have been working on that all week and I am to the point where I need to join the two halves and then you have to add more length to the sleeves and I'm probably going to add some more lengths to the bottom. I'm not sure at the moment if that's in the directions or not. It looks like it is looking at the picture. I also may see if I can add a hood to this because one of my friends said something about that and it's kind of... Hold on, I'll show you what it looks like so far. I'm affectionately calling it my sweater of many colors and I think for the buttons, we're going to be equally as colorful. I see this, but I have this entire drawer here. Literally full to the brim with buttons. Some that I've bought, some that are from my grandmother. I think I'm going to either take some fun big buttons like this one and or clusters of buttons. Staff them and cluster them on top of each other, sew them together and then use them on a sweater. They might do that. I don't know how many of these giant big ones I have. They would be cool on there too. Can you imagine? How cool would they be? Anyway, what do you all think? I want to say I'm keeping track of how many yarn balls I use up and so far I've used up 12. That's pretty good. Do I still have a lot left? Yes, but 12 people and I think I think I think if I'm going to put a hood on that and add more length to it, I have plenty of yarns to choose from. This is the stack I'm picking from. I bet I can use up quite a bit more of them. Just finishing that up. All right, that's it for the minute.  I haven't done this much crocheting in a couple of decades. So all right, I'll be back. I will put some photos here, but we got the hood on and the sweater. So we're all good. So tomorrow I can indeed do the cuffs and then after that it's adding some more edging around the hood down the front and around the bottom and then working on buns. So, okay, sleeves are done. Tomorrow we will be adding length and then edging hopefully. And then trying to figure out what we want to do for closures, but you know, we've got a few ideas floating around in the old logging. You guys, the sweater is ready for its final row of edging around that hood and all down the front and around the bottom and adding buttons. And yes, I did go back to Jo-Ann's and bought a few more. But when you see them all together on the sweater, you'll see why. I also do want, I think I'm going to do some sort of a, with the yarns. I'm not going to do a buttonhole.  You'll see. I might even put little tassels. Anyway. Okay you guys, the sweater is all done. Are you ready? Oh my goodness. So here we are. I did get all the buttons on. I'm going to put some I have some glue, special glue. I'm going to put on the knots on the buttons. And I did put a little small button on the back of the big wooden ones just to give it more stability. And there's a little loop here that I can hook around. Now I'm on camera. I can't hook it around. I can hook around that button just to give it some extra stability. But I'm going to have these. There's four of them. They're big. I mean, I think being cold when I'm out walking next winter is going to be a thing. What do you think? What can you make out of the stash of whatever craziness you have in your room? I'd love to see. So now I'm going to put the leftovers away of which there isn't many. I have a tiny bit of this left. I have three balls left of White House yarn in the Ocean Sunset Ombre collection. I have these three balls one each of three different colors. And just in case that wasn't enough yarn. I pulled out these three Lion Brand Landscapes yarns. I have these two cut these two in this color and then I have this one which I'll put back in the drawer. I'll use them for something else. But this basket was overflowing and I have used. I think I've used up 22 balls of yarn. Hang on one second. So I have a bunch of scraps left over which I'm going to add to my scrap bin because these make good stuffing for pincushions and things. And then I have to put all these labels. Now not all of the balls have labels on them. This will still be a guest in my book. 22. 22. Unbelievable. Okay. But I'm very happy I did that. The pattern was. Hold on. There we go. Sort of. Okay. Cause you know. A fancy YouTube review. You propped up on a basket and on a jar of dye. I mean you know. Anyway the pattern by Hobie Yarns was very easy to follow. I'm not the first person to do the pattern. There's a bunch of different videos here on YouTube. But it was very easy to follow and easy to adapt. I did not do the cuffs like this. I left the end of the sleeves open. I wanted that sort of bell sleeve or kimono style sleeve. I also of course didn't do this type of clothes closure with the button. Small buttons like this. I actually made it a little bit wider.  I also of course as you know put a hood on. Now the hood I just kept crocheting around the neckline until I had a large rectangle of fabric. That was big enough to reach the top of my head. And then I closed the one long side which formed the hood. And then I went and lengthened the sleeves. Again I didn't put the cuff. I also followed the instructions for layering the bottom until it was long enough. Then I went around the front edge including the hood a couple times so that I felt like there was enough brim on the hood and the front was going to close the way I wanted. Then I took some of this blue yarn which is a wool blend. And I don't remember the name of it but I don't think it's one that's made anymore. Anyway it's a wool acrylic blend. And I went all around that whole outside edge and the bottom of the sleeves. Then this sweater was done. It's a matter of hiding the yarn ends, cutting all of these off. Adding the buttons and for the buttons I crocheted the loops to put the buttons on. Rather than trying to fuss with a buttonhole I just didn't want to do that. If I ever decide I don't want the buttons on there they're easy to take off. Anyway there's one project done. Onto the next I think. Alright so what do you have in your space that you haven't touched in a million years? You forgot you had. You kind of still want to keep. But you need to do something with. For me it was yarn. What about you? I'd love to know. So leave any questions, comments or concerns down below and I will reply. Check out the video descriptions for relevant links like the pattern. And yeah let's make a sweater. Alright go out and do something nice for yourself because you deserve it and I'll see you later. Bye guys.


I don't think it would have been too much for Mossberg to take it in and say, Hey, look, we'll take a look at it. You'll have to pay some, but, you know, we're going to stand by our product because you clearly have an issue. Mossberg 930 semi-auto shotgun, four plus one. Let's try that again. All right. Hey there, friend. Thanks for checking in. Today we're looking at my Mossberg 930. I have owned it for 10 years. I remember I went to Walmart back then and was going there for coffee and bread. I ended up walking out with the shotgun. It was about 500 bucks. They don't even make this model anymore. They have upgraded models that are closer to eight and nine and a thousand dollars. But I was so happy to get this and initially it performed great. I had no issues with it. Whatever whatsoever, I really enjoyed owning this shotgun. You can see it has an 18 and a half inch barrel with this standoff choke that is also known as a door breacher four plus one. But one of the first things I did was put a Nordix component tube extension. It went about this far past the muzzle and it was a nine plus one and it performed great. But after a couple of years and for those who are following this channel, may remember this, I was having ejection issues. All right. So I have a little jam there, two and three quarter inch shells. I've got nine loaded up. Let's go hit that safety, having another jam here. Not exactly sure what's going on. We're going to try that again. I've never had a problem with this shotgun. It did not experience any abuse, any extreme conditions or anything like that. But for some reason it's not ejecting that first shot shell. So let's try it and see what happens. If it doesn't work, we're moving on. If it does work, then it works. All right. There's that jam again, but it was even worse. It would fire one shot and the shell would hang up right there in the ejection port. It happened on a regular basis. And so where I felt short was I put it away in the safe and left it there. But after a while, more, more like just recently, I decided I need to get this thing fixed. I do like the shotgun. I want to use the shotgun and, you know, it's a Mossberg, it's a fine shotgun. So I contacted Mossberg. This is where I am disappointed because when I contacted them, they said that shotgun is out of warranty. There's literally nothing we're going to do unless you pay for everything. Now, all I've heard throughout the years is Mossberg has amazing customer service. They're they're phenomenal.  So that's what I was expecting. But they said after five years, we're done. So in order for us to fix this, you need to send it in, pay for it yourself, pay for parts, labor and shipping back in order for us to fix it. He was a nice guy. I don't have a problem with the person. The policy kind of shook me up a little bit because I wasn't expecting that. And then he basically said, if you want it fixed, you're better off taking it to your local gunsmith. OK, fine. At no point did I say, hey, look, I've done all these reviews for Mossberg. I never do that. I never do. I know some reviewers do and that may work for them. It doesn't work for me because I want the same experience as everybody gets. And so I didn't go there. I said, OK, fine. So I had this shotgun that did not work at all. It would fire one shot and the shell would get hung up right at the ejection. Now, I'm not a gunsmith. I'm not awesome at taking stuff apart and figuring out what's wrong and replacing everything with springs and screws and parts. It's just not part of my skill set. So I gave it to my friend, Greg, and he said, I love that stuff. So I was happy about that and he cleaned it up a bit. Not that it was dirty, but he he did a lot of research and basically fixed it. But it's I would say it's 90 percent fixed. I don't think it would have been too much for Mossberg to take it in and say, hey, look, we'll take a look at it. You'll have to pay some. But, you know, we're going to stand by our product because you clearly have an issue. And if you don't have an issue, we find that everything's fine. Then you'll have to pay for shipping. But if we find an issue and it was a faulty Mossberg part, then we will replace it and you you have to pay a portion in order for me to send this in pay shipping both ways. And for the parts and the labor would have been, I would guess between three and five hundred dollars. This shotgun cost me five hundred dollars.  You should expect that because other people have to go through that. And perhaps that's true. But when I hear that Mossberg has such awesome customer service, they stand by their products. They'll do anything to make it right. They have quick shipping. They get their people right to it. They they didn't do that with me. They basically said, too bad, take care of it locally. This is where I have a problem. Should all manufacturers have customer service like Ruger or, for that matter, High Point, let's let's be honest here. High Point will take anything and send it back if they can't fix it. They'll send you a new gun. Ruger will take anything back and they'll give you a breakdown of what happened and what the problem was. They'd fix it and send it back. Mossberg just didn't do that with me. They were basically too bad. It's your problem, not ours. Good luck with it. You waited too long. Well, I waited too long, but at the time when I had those issues was after five years of owning it. So when I put it in my safe and put it away, it wasn't so much my fault. I admit I could have handled it better, but I also believe that Mossberg could have handled it better. They could have stood by the product and at least offered something other than take care of it on your own. It's going to cost you a bundle to get it to us. And you're going to have to pay for everything from beginning to end. Still love Mossberg products, but I'm going to be very cautious from this point forward what I get and I guarantee I won't be buying anything used because I don't trust their customer service and their policies. And that experience kind of soured me. Let me know what you think. If you had great experiences with Mossberg or if you felt that you were not treated well, I would like to know because it also let me know if you think I'm being a baby about this because it's all my fault. I take a portion of the blame, but not all of it. And that's where I stand. And I'm looking forward to hearing your feedback. If you like videos like this, please subscribe and share. I always appreciate thumbs up button. Thanks for watching and you guys be safe.


This study investigated the use of umbilical cord blood plasma, UCBP, derived exosomes combined with liposomes to develop a new type of wound healing agent called hybrosomes. The results suggest that hybrosomes can increase cell proliferation and migration by up to 40 to 50 percent, depending on the dose, and also reduce inflammation in cell lines and increase wound healing related gene expression levels in dermal cells in vitro. These findings indicate that hybrosomes may be a promising alternative for wound healing treatments. This article was authored by Poland Kochak, Nass Ansel, Serli Kanikian, and others.