So let us discuss some more properties of linear transformations. The first important result for linear transformations whose domain is a finite dimensional vector space is called the rank nullity dimension theorem. So let me prove that first. The rank nullity dimension theorem, okay. First what is a rank? What is nullity? Let T be a linear transformation from V into W. I will assume that V finite dimensional, the rank of T is the dimension of the range of T or the range space of T. Let us use R for this then almost like gamma. This is dimension of range of T. That is a rank. The nullity of T, let us denote it by eta is the dimension of the null space of T. That is let us say eta is dimension of N of T. So I define these two numbers non-negative integers. Gamma and eta are non-negative integers. Dimension of the range space of T is the rank. Dimension of the null space of T is the nullity, okay. So these are the numbers. There is a dimension of the domain space V. I have assumed V to be finite dimensional. So this theorem relates these three numbers. The rank nullity dimension theorem, I will call it R and D theorem. V is finite dimensional and T be a linear map from V into W. No conditions on W which means W could be infinite dimensional but V is finite dimensional, T is linear, okay. Then this theorem says that rank plus nullity equals dimension of the domain space. Rank plus nullity equals dimension of the domain space, okay. Now you see that dimension of W does not come into this equation. That is the reason why there is no condition on W. W could be infinite dimension, okay. So let us prove this and then look at some of the consequences of this result. Let me first discuss the proof. I want to make use of the fact that any linearly independent subset of the vector space V can be extended to a basis of V, okay. So let me start with null space of T. What I know is that null space of T being a subset of V must be finite dimensional. Null space of T is finite dimension. So I will take up basis consisting of finite many elements.  U1, U2, etc U eta be a basis of null space of T. I know that null space of T is gamma dimension, eta dimension. So there are eta vectors here. This is a basis of null space of T. This is linearly independent. This can be extended to a basis of V. Extend this to a basis of V.  Then let me call the other vectors V1, V2, etc Vl. This is a basis of V and so what this means is that dimension of V must be eta plus L, okay. Dimension of V is eta plus L where eta is the dimension of the null space of T. That is a nullity. So we need to only show that L is equal to rank of T. We need to only show that L is equal to rank of T, okay. So the claim is, is that clear? So dimension of V is eta plus L because of this being a basis. There are eta plus L vectors, eta we started with. This is a basis for null space of T. So eta is nullity of T. We need to only show that L is equal to rank of T. That is gamma, dimension of the range space of T. So we will exhibit, we must exhibit a basis of range of T consisting of precisely L vectors, okay. It is probably not unnatural to take these vectors, take all these vectors, look at the action of these vectors under T. The action of T on these vectors will give you 0 because they are in null space. Look at these other vectors and probably they should be a basis. In fact what we will show is that you look at T v1, T v2, etc. T vL. We will show that this is a basis of range of T, okay. Suppose we show that this is a basis of range of T then it follows that there are L vectors here. Then it follows that rank of T is L and so this equation holds, okay. So that is what we will do. We will show that these vectors are linearly independent and they span range of T. Let us first dispose of the spanning thing. We must show that this is a basis so we must show that it is linearly independent and a spanning set. So let us take y in range of T and then show that y is a linear combination of these vectors, okay. y is in range of T by definition then there exists x in v such that y is equal to T x, there exists x in v.  T is linear so this can be rewritten as alpha 1 T of u 1 plus alpha 2 T u 2 etc alpha eta T of u eta plus beta 1 T v 1 etc beta L T v L, okay. that u 1 u 2 etc u eta they are in null space of T they are in fact linearly independent they are in null space of T so these terms are 0 so this is just beta 1 T of v 1 etc beta L T v L that is this belongs to span of the vectors T v 1 T v 2 etc T v L linear combination of these vectors because these are 0 and so for one thing this is a spanning set T v 1 T v 2 etc T v L is a spanning set it spans range of T. Next linear independence so let us consider a linear, let us consider a linear combination of T v 1 T v 2 etc T v L equate that to 0 so that each coefficient is 0. So let us consider what shall I say delta 1 T v 1 plus delta 2 T v 2 plus etc plus delta L T v L suppose this is 0 I must show that each of the scalars is 0 this use the fact T is linear so this means T of delta 1 v 1 etc delta L v L is 0 this means this vector delta 1 v 1 etc delta L v L that belongs to a null space of T that belongs to a null space of T null space of T is span by u 1 u 2 etc and so that is a linear combination of T of this vector is 0 null space of X belongs null space of T if T of X is 0 so this vector must be in the null space of T that is what I have written down null space of T has u 1 u 2 etc u v 2 as a basis let me just go to that line. So delta 1 v 1 plus delta 2 v 2 plus etc plus delta L v L must be a linear combination of u 1 u 2 etc u v eta because null space of T is span by these vectors so let us say I have beta 1 u 1 plus beta 2 u 2 etc beta eta u eta is that okay bring this to the left hand side that is delta 1 v 1 etc plus delta L v L minus beta 1 u 1 plus etc beta eta v u eta this is 0 but u 1 u 2 etc u eta v 1 v 2 etc v L they are linearly independent so this means each of these scalars delta 1 etc equals delta L is 0 beta 1 etc beta eta is 0 go back and see what you have here delta L delta 1 etc delta L they are 0 so this is a 0 vector I am sorry you have the proof right away delta 1 etc delta L equal to 0 I started with this combination I started with delta 1 T v 1 plus delta 2 T v 2 etc delta L T v L equal to 0 I have shown that the scalars are 0 so T v 1 T v 2 etc they are linearly independent so T v 1 etc T v L this is a linearly independent subset hence the theorem our claim is that L is a dimension of range of T first we have shown that these vectors T v 1 T v 2 etc they form a spanning set then we have shown that they are linearly independent that is rank penalty dimension theorem okay let us look at some consequences one of the consequences of the rank penalty dimension theorem is the following I will state this as first corollary v is finite dimensional in fact I will take this time dimension w equals dimension v T from v to w is linear then we have the following T is injective if and only if T is surjective if the dimensions of the domain and the co-domain vector spaces are the same then a linear map is injective if and only if it is surjective that is now you go back to the last example of the last lecture the last example is the last lecture T of T from R 2 to R 2 T of X equals X 1 plus X 2 comma X 1 minus X 2 we verified that it is 1 to 1 as well as on to if we had known this theorem it would have been enough to verify only one of those dimension of co-domain and the dimension of the domain there are the same so it is enough if you verify one of those okay how do we prove this this is a consequence of the rank penalty dimension theorem rank of T plus nullity of T is the dimension of the domain space which is also the dimension of the co-domain space okay suppose T is injective we had shown last time that null space of T is single term 0 in fact they are equivalent T is injective if and only if null space of T is single term 0 null space of T is single term 0 if and only if nullity of T is 0 because we had defined the dimension of the 0 space to be 0 so null space of T is single term 0 if and only if nullity that is eta is 0 eta is 0 if and only if gamma is dimension W gamma is dimension W but what is gamma? Gamma is a dimension of the range of T that is this happens if and only if dimension range of T is dimension W range of T is a subspace of W if it has the same dimension as W then it must be equal to W so this happens if and only if range of T equals W this is the same as saying that T is surjective okay so T is injective if and only if T is surjective okay this is one of the consequences suppose I have a relation see dimension V dimension look at the finite dimensional case when both V and W are finite dimensional these two are integers one can compare these two integers I will state this then as the next corollary again V and W are finite dimensional this time I will assume dimension V to be N dimension W to be M T from V into W is linear then we have the following if N is greater than M see the equality case has been discussed earlier let us discuss the case when one of them is greater than the other each is greater than the other in two cases N greater than M is one case M greater than N is the other case if N is greater than M then the conclusion is T is not injective if N is greater than M then T cannot be injective if M is greater than N then T cannot be surjective okay that will completely exhaust the three cases when V and W are both finite dimensional okay proof by contradiction if T is injective first part if T is injective then we know that null space of T is single term 0 and so nullity is 0 and so rank plus nullity dimension theorem rank plus nullity equals dimension that theorem says that rank is equal to dimension of W that is dimension V which is N dimension V is N but gamma is dimension of the range space what this means is that range space of T dimension of the range space of T is equal to N but then range space is a subspace of W so this N cannot exceed M since range of T is a subspace of W and dimension W is M this N cannot exceed M M is a dimension of W M is a dimension of W N is a dimension of V first we have used dimension V is N so gamma is N gamma is the dimension of the range space range space being a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space cannot exceed the dimension of that subspace so this N cannot exceed M so that is a contradiction that is if T is injective then N is less than or equal to M means if N is strictly greater than M then T cannot be injective that is a first statement the second one is similar I am going to leave that as an exercise second part is similar second part is similar again proved by contradiction okay so these are two important consequences of the fundamental result on the dimensions of the subspaces null space and the range space of a finite dimensional vector space. Let us look at linear transformations that are both injective and surjective a little closer if a linear if a function is injective and surjective then it is invertible if a function is both 1 1 and onto then it is bijective it is invertible and the inverse function is also 1 1 and onto okay if f is bijective then f inverse exist and f inverse is bijective okay the question that we would like to ask here is T is injective and surjective linear then I know T inverse is injective and surjective question is T inverse linear the answer is yes let us let us first prove that let us first prove that the inverse of a linear transformation is also a linear transformation and then look at some consequences for vector spaces if there exists an invertible linear transformation between them. So let me first prove this result I will state this as a lemma let T from V into W be linear and bijective by which I mean injective and surjective 1 to 1 and onto then we know that T inverse exist as a function and we know that T inverse must be a function from W to V the claim is that this is linear T inverse is linear let us first prove this and then look at some of the consequences of this result okay I want to show T inverse is linear I have to verify these two equations that T inverse is additive and then T inverse alpha x is alpha T inverse x so proof let us first start with two vectors x y in W this time and consider T inverse of x plus y I must show that this is equal to T inverse x plus T inverse y for one thing let us call this as the vector z this vector z belongs to V and I remember that x and y come from W this means T is invertible so T inverse is invertible T inverse inverse is T so I am operating by T I am operating by T T of T inverse x plus y is T of z but T of T inverse is composition T circle T inverse that is identity transformation so x plus y equals T z x plus y equals T z now look at x and y they come from W x and y come from W and I know that T from V to W is bijective so each of these must have a pre-image x is equal to T of U and y equals T of V for U V in capital V in fact these must be unique you can verify that if T is bijective then the pre-images must also be unique okay in any case we have U and V from V such that x is T U y is T V go back substitute use injectivity of T that is let me now write T z first T z is x plus y x is T U y is T V so this is T of U plus T of V T is linear T of U plus V so I have T z equals T of U plus V T is injective T x equals T y implies x equals y so z equals U plus V U plus V T U is x T V is y so this is T inverse x plus T inverse y but z on the other hand is T inverse x plus y so that is equal to T inverse x plus T inverse y so T inverse is additive the second part is similar let me go through that quickly consider again T inverse of alpha x I will call that z then alpha x is T of z x is in W and so I can write this as alpha T of U I am using the same U alpha T of U equals T of z T is linear so this goes in T of alpha U equals T of z T is injective alpha U equals z on the one hand alpha U is alpha T inverse x on the other hand z is T inverse alpha x so T inverse is linear if it exists if T inverse exists and if T is linear then T inverse is linear no dimensions here this is true for any linear transformation between any two vector spaces okay now let us look at what an invertible linear transformation does on finite dimensional vector spaces so we need the following definition T from V to W is called an isomorphism T from V to W is called an isomorphism if T is linear and bijective if T is linear and bijective isomorphism means same structure morphism is structure same structure it preserves the structure it is called an isomorphism that is a special name for a linear transformation which is also bijective what we have seen just now is that if T is an isomorphism then T inverse is also an isomorphism okay note we have just now shown that T inverse is linear T inverse is bijective is known anyway so if T is an isomorphism then T inverse is also an isomorphism what does an isomorphism do to finite dimensional vector spaces before that another notion isomorphic vector spaces if T from V to W is an isomorphism then we say that V is isomorphic to W there is an isomorphism from V into W then we say that V is isomorphic to W and then use the following notation to denote that there is an isomorphism from V into W we will use this notation on the left I have V on the right I have W this is the symbol for isomorphism V is isomorphic to W if V is isomorphic to W can I conclude that W is isomorphic to V why T inverse if T is an isomorphism then T inverse is an isomorphism from W to V and so now we can say that V and W are isomorphic it is not just V is isomorphic to W we can in this case say V and W are isomorphic also if V is isomorphic to W W is isomorphic to Z can I conclude V is isomorphic to Z yes because composition of bijective maps is bijective composition of linear maps is linear I have not proved this before but it is not difficult to prove composition of linear maps is linear and inverse of the composition there is a reverse order law similar to the matrix inverse T 1 circle T 2 inverse is T 2 inverse circle T 2 T 2 inverse circle T 1 inverse okay and so and what is the trivial isomorphism from a vector space to itself identity is linear bijective inverse is linear bijective so V is isomorphic to itself V is isomorphic to W implies W is isomorphic to V V isomorphic to W W isomorphic to Z implies V isomorphic to Z so this is an equivalence relation this partitions the set of all vector spaces into equivalence classes the classes have the property that if you take two vector spaces from two different classes they cannot be isomorphic if you take two vector spaces that are isomorphic they belong to the same class okay what is also what this also does an isomorphism also does is to split finite dimensional vector spaces according to their dimensions that is important thing isomorphic classes correspond to precisely the dimensions of the vector space that is if two vector spaces are not isomorphic I know they are finite dimensional they cannot be of the same dimension on the other hand if two vector spaces have the same dimension then they belong to the same isomorphic class that is there is an isomorphism between them okay this is what we will prove in a short while from now. So let me first give an example of an isomorphism and then proceed okay now you will notice that after me writing down the isomorphism that it is really trivial to have written this down so I want to look at this example let us consider P 2 and R 3 P 2 is V R 3 is W P 2 is the space of all polynomials with real coefficients degree less than or equal to 2 dimension of P 2 is 3 R 3 is of dimension 3 I want to give an isomorphism between them let me define T from P 2 to R 3 by T of a polynomial P I must have on the right hand side a vector with 3 coordinates on the right hand side I must have a vector with 3 coordinates can you give a natural vector on the right just take the coefficients what I know is that P is a polynomial so P of T is alpha 0 times 1 plus alpha 1 times T plus alpha 2 times T square T is a real variable alpha 0 alpha 1 alpha 2 R from R again this is a real polynomial define T of P to be this 3 dimensional vector alpha 0 alpha 1 alpha 2 then probably I am going to leave this as an exercise T is linear T is 1 1 it is enough then T is onto because the dimensions are the same so this is an isomorphism T inverse is an isomorphism from R 3 to P 2 but maybe you can take that as an exercise again what is the inverse of this transformation okay let me just state that T is an isomorphism what I have exhibited here this is an example of an isomorphism T is an isomorphism okay you see that this is almost natural how to associate an isomorphism between vector spaces of the same dimension okay we will try to imitate this in the general case but before that I want to prove this result I have T from V into W an isomorphism T from V to W be an isomorphism I am assuming that V is finite dimensional that is let U 1 U 2 etc U n be a basis of V so I am assuming that V is finite dimensional I have exhibited a basis given that T is an isomorphism what can be shown is that so what is your guess from this can I get a basis for W look at T U 1 T U 2 etc T U n this is a basis of the vector space W as a consequence dimension of V is equal to dimension of W okay this is what I said that if you have an isomorphism between finite dimensional vector spaces then the vector spaces must have the same dimension we will prove the converse also if 2 vector spaces have the same dimension then there is an isomorphism very similar to this particular example let me first prove this result I want to show that this is a basis of W spanning set linear independence let Y belong to W T is an isomorphism so T is bijective T is surjective there exists X and V such that Y is T of X X is in V this is a basis of V I can write this as T of alpha 1 U 1 plus alpha 2 U 2 etc plus alpha n U n T is linear alpha 1 T U 1 etc alpha n T U n I have written this as a linear combination of T U 1 etc T U 1 T U etc T U n is a spanning set okay nothing much in this just that T is on to that is what we have used for linear independence we will prove we will use injectivity of T linear independence suppose that suppose that a linear combination of these vectors is 0 let us take beta 1 T U 1 etc beta n T U n to be 0 this means T of beta 1 U 1 etc plus beta n U n equal to 0 this means this vector inside beta 1 U 1 etc beta n U n belongs null space of T but T is injective null space of T is single term 0 so this must be the 0 vector beta 1 U 1 etc plus beta n U n is the 0 vector but remember that U 1 U 2 etc they form a basis for V so these vectors are linearly independent so beta 1 beta 2 etc they must be 0 each of the scalars is equal to 0 so remember I started with beta 1 T U 1 etc beta n T U n I have shown that each of the scalars is 0 so it follows that T U 1 etc T U n is linearly independent we have shown already it is a spanning set so it is a basis of W and they are n n number the number of elements in this basis is n so it follows that dimension W is n that is the same as dimension of V in the next lecture I will prove the converse and also consider other examples.


started. Let's pray. J. Heavenly Father, we come to you under the name of Jesus. We thank you for this day. We thank you for the class we are about to have. We thank you that you have set us apart. We thank you that you have made us righteous and you are helping us to be holy each and every day. You help us to sanctify us through your word. We thank you for your word that cleanses us. We thank you for your blood that cleanses us. God, as we are learning more about the holiness, help us to live a life that reflects you Lord, so that when people look at you, they will know that you are God and they can see that, see your love and your wisdom and your guidance through us Jesus. I give all my classmates into your hands. Give us a good connection throughout the sessions. Let nothing be a distraction. We give you all the glory and all the honor and all the praise in Jesus name I pray. Amen. Amen. Thank you so much. Yes, we will begin. So we kind of started looking at repentance last week. We looked at the Greek word for that. So we kind of looked at what repentance means as far as the Bible teaching is concerned regarding that particular word. We also saw how it applies to believers and how important it is for us to first repent because from there, God is able to lead us into greater areas of holiness. So that's like the beginning point of salvation. It's also the beginning point of growth into the things of God. So we just kind of had an introduction on repentance. Today we will look maybe in greater detail at the process of repentance. What exactly is involved in this whole act of repentance? How do we display repentance on a daily basis as believers in our Christian walk? So we look at different aspects of that and the last session was based on the first six chapters of your repentance section. So today we'll try to get through the other six chapters. And if you've gone through the notes you would have observed that when I say chapters, I'm not really looking at thinking about levy chapters. Some of the chapters in fact are like maybe about half a page or so. It's just maybe we could say there are six different thoughts on repentance. So we covered the first six. Today we will be looking at the other six aspects of repentance. Most of them to do with the process of repentance. How do believers actually demonstrate repentance on a daily basis? So that's basically what we would be looking at today. So before we get into the subject as such, we are kind of halfway through the course already. So we had an introduction to holiness and we looked at the importance of holiness in our own lives. And then we kind of moved into repentance to see the important role that repentance plays in living a holy life on a daily basis. So those two make up the first large chunk of this topic. So next session onwards, we would be looking at the overcoming life because a person who's living in spiritual failure can never really be holy. So it's all about overcoming the world, the flesh, overcoming the evil one and learning how to live in victory on a daily basis. Because it says in Revelation that those who are able to overcome and live in victory, they are the ones who will be given white comments to bear and walk along with him. So because we also have the scripture which says that without holiness you cannot even see God. So it's all very vital for our eternal future. So we will be looking in the rest of our sessions at different aspects of the overcoming life, how to overcome sin and temptation in the world and live in victory. So we are kind of at the halfway mark right now after almost finishing off the first section. So the next main section will be the overcoming victorious life. So at this point, we will have a midterm assessment. So sometime during this week, I will try to post it and I really hope that you're able to hear me better now. As far as I can see here, the volume seems to be on full. So I, I'm assuming it should be clear. Okay, that's really good. I can't hear now. For no fact. All right. Yeah. So yes, I'll know sometime during this week, definitely before Saturday, by the end of this week, I will post the midterm assessment. So you will find that in your Google Classroom. And like I had said, it is basically multiple choice questions. So you just need to tick the correct answer and there will be 50 of them.  As long as you don't consult each other, in finding out the answers, anything else is all right, because you are allowed to consult your Bible, you are allowed to look at your notes, you are allowed to go through the videos, because this assessment is more like a revision. And it's just kind of to help you assess how well you have grasped what has been taught so far. So you don't have to like, you know, finish it at one go. You can come back to the questions again and again, and do it at your own pace. But of course, the one condition, you know, which is there is that once you click on an answer, you will not have a second time to reattempt that. So once you answer, you answer. So you cannot change your answer after having chosen one particular, you know, option. So the same thing would also be put on the e-platform for those who would be, you know, attempting it online through the e-platform. So my hope is that by Saturday, by the end of this week, the whole thing will be up.  There'll be more than enough time to do it, because I'm not very particular when you do it, as long as it gets done before the semester closes, because of course, once the semester closes, you know, no one is allowed to submit after that. So I'll just kind of maybe keep the time limit as maybe two weeks or three weeks or something. And, you know, you can try working on the multiple choice questions during that time period. All right. So let's get back to repentance and we'll begin with the chapter which talks about what leads a person to repentance. We see there are some main things which help us and cause us, you know, motivate us to repent. And I have noticed that usually it is the love of God, the goodness of God, which brings us to repentance. I have noticed that again and again in my life. A fear of punishment does make us, you know, repent, because I mean, we don't want to be punished by the Lord. We don't want to lose our own blessings. And all of that does act as a motivating factor. But I've noticed that it tends to be very temporary. You know, you may be scared of the punishment called for a few days and then the fear of that goes away.  It's the same with even, you know, being worried about losing the blessings of God. That may, you know, drive you to observe, you know, the laws of the Lord very sincerely for a while. But then after you have received the answer to your prayer, you know, there's a tendency to again go back to a state of substandard Christian living. So all of that is there. So I've noticed that more than, you know, the fear of punishment or a desire to get blessings, it is the goodness of God, his love, his compassion, which more than anything else makes us repent. When we sin, we are convicted on the inside by the Holy Spirit. And the Holy Spirit reminds us of how loving he has been towards us and how patient he has been with us, you know, over the years.    So I have noticed that more than anything else, it's his love, it's his compassion. It's this sheer goodness that he has towards me that makes me want to repent. It makes me want to live for him. It makes me want to honor him because he is so kind and good. So I think one of the chief factors which leads a person to repentance is the goodness of God. And, you know, Romans chapter 2 verse 4 touches upon that, in fact. So if we could have someone read out, Romans chapter 2 verse 4. Romans chapter 2 verse 4.  Does this mean nothing to you? Can't you see that his kindness is intended to turn you from your sin? Yeah.  So when the Lord is being kind and compassionate and is willing again and again to give us a second chance, we are not meant to treat him with contempt and say, okay, heal anyway, forgive again next time. So no harm in sinning once more. And then, you know, the next day you say to yourself, yeah, you know, once again, I can sin because he will forgive anyway. That is basically showing contempt for his kindness. Rather than being touched by it and rather than being melted by his love, you know, we, if we develop that, that kind of casual business like attitude, you know, of saying, I can always come back to him, heal anyway, accept me. There's no love in that. There's only contempt towards him and what he is so, you know, freely offering to us. So in Romans, Paul says, when God is, you know, giving you the riches of his kindness, don't treat that with contempt.  I mean, if you can just come to him and submit to him, then he can make you Christlike. He can help you to fulfill all the purposes that he has planned for your life. And he can give you the reward which he longs to give you. So he already has an eternal reward with your name on it. And he wants you to step into the fullness of it, not miss out on even one aspect of this amazing reward that he has. And so all that he does, everything he does is aimed at that, you know, to help you to change yourself, to help you to become more like him, to be able to, to be able to, you know, in a very, very satisfactory manner, accomplish all the things that he has planned out for your life, all this so that on that day he can very proudly say, you know, to the Father, look, I have brought this person before you and I'm presenting them blameless, and they have done nothing but glorify you on the earth, you know. So he just wants to take that, he wants to have the joy of presenting you in that way before the Father. So it's all intended for our good. And so God's kindness is intended to lead us to repentance is what it says in Romans chapter two verse four. One lovely example that we see, you know, in the Gospels of how God's compassion and kindness brought a person to repentance, that would be the story of Zacchaeus. Now we have many parables in the New Testament, but this is no parable. This is a real historical event of an actual person who lived in those times. And this is his story. And it's a very wrong impression in Christian circles regarding Zacchaeus, just because of that one verse, you know, a Luke 19 verse seven, where it says, where the people, you know, they mutter and they say he has gone to be the guest of a sinner. And so just because that word sinner is used over there, people have all these horrific pictures in their mind of Zacchaeus being this really terrible, unpleasant character who went around, you know, oppressing people and stealing from them and all of that. But if you look at the actual wording over here, you know, in the story, you know, when Zacchaeus makes his statement of repentance, he says, you know, if I have cheated anybody out of anything, I will pay back four times the amount. He's not saying that he was a person who was always going around being evil and being crooked. He says, if at all by mistake, I have done something crooked, if at all by mistake, you know, I have deprived someone of what is actually theirs and I took more from them than the amount of taxes I was supposed to take. If such a thing has happened, you know, I'm willing to pay back four times. And he also says that, you know, he will be giving away half of his possessions to the poor. So I don't think this was an evil man at all. He's a man who I think loved the things of God, which is why he was eager to meet Jesus, which is why he takes the effort of actually climbing on a tree just to be able to catch a glimpse of him.  And in verse six, Luke 19 verse six, it says, so he came down at once and welcomed him gladly. Now, the Greek word used over there is the word rejoicing. He rejoiced that Jesus was willing to come to his house and, you know, be his personal guest. So it was so while people looked down on him and mocked him and labelled him a sinner, Jesus on the other hand, you know, recognized who he was and the eagerness that he had inside his heart for godly things. And so Jesus did not treat him the way the other people treated him. So this misconception regarding Zacchus basically developed over the centuries because earlier people were not very familiar with, you know, the culture of the Jewish people and the background of those times.  So this term sinner was given to people who are not really observing all of those Jewish rituals. The term sinner was also given especially to tax collectors because you see, they are partnering with the Romans in imposing taxes upon their own people, and so that was something which a lot of people felt very upset about. They were like, look at these people, they are our fellow Jews, they are fellow Israelites, but they have chosen to partner with the Romans and now they are taking taxes from us, their own people. So they definitely must be labeled as sinners. Okay, so the term sinner was mainly used for people who were not living according to all the Jewish rituals which, you know, the leaders had imposed and sinners were also the people who were directly partnering with the Romans in different capacities. So which is why Jesus never bothered with these, you know, labels. He freely moved around with all categories of people and so he began to be known as the friend of sinners, you know, because he never encouraged or supported the sinful things that any of them were doing, but he knew also why they had been labeled in that way. So he did not discriminate against them in the way the leadership of that day was discriminating against them. So Zacchus, I believe personally, was in no way more sinful than other people. He obviously would have had his own sinful attitudes.  And so he says, you know, if you were to look at Luke chapter 19 verses 7 and 8, the people are muttering and saying he has gone to be the guest of a sinner. On the other hand, if you know, Zacchus, he stands up and he says to the Lord, look, Lord, here and now I give half of my possessions to the poor. And if I have cheated anybody out of anything, I will pay back four times the amount. If Zacchus had been a crook, if he had been cheating people all along, then this would be empty words, just an empty statement, the way our politicians make empty statements, you know, because after giving away half of his possessions to the poor, he obviously would not have enough wealth left over to give back to the people that he has cheated to give them back four times the amount. It's just, I mean, the maths doesn't work out. So this is not a man who has been going around cheating people, but now out of his great wealth, he's willing to give away half of it to the poor. And with other half which is left, he intends to run his household and look after his family. And in that half which is now left, if at all he has cheated anyone, then he is willing to restore that four times to them. So when he speaks up in this way, Jesus responds by saying, today salvation has come to this house because this man too is the son of Abraham. So what exactly is it that Zacchus has done over here that has made Jesus so happy? Why does Jesus say today's salvation has come to this house? What is this act of repentance which Zacchus is supposed to have performed that impressed Jesus so much? To get a clearer understanding of this, of what Zacchus has just now done, you know, we kind of need to contrast him with a rich young ruler of Mark chapter 10. And then we kind of begin to understand the greatness, the vastness of what Zacchus did. And the reason that we're getting into so much detail, I know, into all of this is because we learn a very important lesson on repentance through this. Okay, so we are leading up to that. So just so that we can understand Zacchus repentance better, let's take a very brief look at this rich young ruler who's mentioned in Mark chapter 10. If we can have someone read out Mark 10, 18 to 23, Mark 10, 18 to 23, please. Okay, fine. Yeah, I mean, it's like a rather lengthy thing. Let's leave that. 18 and 19 basically is where Jesus tells him, you know, these are the things that you would need to do, you know, to please the Lord. And so he says, these are the commandments, you should not murder, you should not commit adultery and all of that. And this man, very confidently in verse 20, Mark 10, verse 20, he says, Teacher, all these I have kept since I was a boy. And then you have Jesus' response. Jesus looked at him and loved him. Here was a man who genuinely cared about the things of God. So when Jesus looks at him, he loves him in the same way he felt love towards Zacchus. He feels love towards this man. And he says, there's still one thing you lack. And he says, go sell everything you have and give to the poor and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come follow me. So the key over here, the key phrase over here is that you will have treasure in heaven. Zacchus was so honored by Jesus coming to his home and showing him love that he realized, you know, if I'm going to follow Jesus and if I'm going to get the kingdom because Jesus kept preaching everywhere, right, that the kingdom has come, the kingdom is near and so repent. So he realizes that he can be part of the heavenly kingdom if he becomes a follower of Jesus. And so he, without even Jesus asking, he begins to show Christ likeness. He says, I'm a very wealthy man, so I am willing to give away half of my wealth to the poor because this Zacchus dependence is not at all on this wealth. You see, he is more interested in heavenly treasures. Jesus is going around preaching the kingdom of God and that fascinates him. He wants to be part of that kingdom. So in his eyes, the wealth is not very important.  Now, over here in this case, Jesus observes that this rich young ruler doesn't quite have that same attitude. He loves the things of God. He has made an effort to live a godly life, but he values the things of the world more than the things of God. That is still there and Jesus sees this lack in him. And so he says, you know, sell everything that you have, everything that you have, give it away, give it to the poor and I will make sure that you have a great treasure in heaven. So which means, you know, that this person would have to start now depending on God to provide for his needs, to provide for his family, and he's not willing to take a step like that. His attitude is probably, can God be trusted to that extent? It's nice to honor God. It's nice to obey him. But my goodness, having to completely trust God to that extent and rejoice over heavenly riches to that extent, that is not something this man was willing to do.  He went away sad because he had great wealth. And immediately after this, Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, it says over here, this is what he says, how hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God.  And it is so overwhelming that they love it more than spiritual things. So true repentance would involve having to, you know, give up these things to pursue God.  Because that's what happened over here with the rich young ruler. Jesus looked into his heart or his sincerity, loved him and saw that he's still lacking in one very, very important thing. He values the things of the world more than the things of God. And so Jesus attacks that point, you know, that point of weakness. And he says, you know, there's a way to mend this. If you can get rid of this worldly wealth, which is like, you know, dragging you down, I will make sure, you know, that I'll rebuild a new life for you. Because later on, if you look at the same passage, you know, Jesus assures his disciples, you know, those who have given up so much for me, I will take care of them both in this world and in the next, you know, I will give them many houses and mothers and fathers and all of that, you know, so it goes on to say all of those things in that passage. So Jesus is not attempting to destroy the person's life, but he's willing to build them a new one, a new one in which the priorities would be right and where God can make that person very rich spiritually. And as far as the things of the earth are concerned, God will sustain, take care, provide, because like it says in Matthew chapter six, he knows exactly how to take care of his own. Okay, so they don't have to be like starving or living in lack, except maybe for a temporary season during which time God would want to teach them, you know, some, some lessons. So we see that Zach's repentance is the recognition that the things of this world are not of as much value as eternal things. So Zach's longing was for the kingdom of God, that he and his entire household must be secure in God's eternal kingdom, where they would be members of that, you know, that kingdom. And so that longing made him take the things of the earth very, very lightly, and he was willing to just give it away. And in case he has done any wrong, he's more than willing to, you know, reimbursed four times because now these things don't really matter so much. The king of the kingdom has come to his house to dine with him. You know, the very king, the king of kings of this kingdom has come to his home to dine with him. And compared to that, compared to having his presence, compared to having his approval, what do other things even matter? So Zach has had this amazing attitude of repentance. Now you and I, do we carry that kind of attitude? Or are we still very, very attached to the things of the world? What comes first for us, you know, at the bottom of our hearts, deep down in our hearts, what comes first? The things of God or the things of the world? If we still have a longing and an attachment towards worldly things, you know, it's never, ever a good thing to hide these things from God, because God anyway knows what's going on at the bottom of our hearts. It's better to just simply, frankly, go to him and say, Lord, this is where I am at. Right now I can see that I'm more like the rich young ruler than Zach is. But Lord, I really don't want to lose out on your kingdom. I really don't want to lose out on your presence and pleasing you. So Lord, you helped me to start getting rid of this horrible, horrible attitude of mine. And if you just go to him and humble yourself before him and admit the rot that is there in your heart and say, Lord, because that's what repentance is all about. Right? You frankly admit that this is where I am at right now. And I know that this is disgusting. And I really want to change. I'm not able to do it on my own. You help me, Lord, do it by your power, by your strength, by your, you know, enabling of your Holy Spirit. The Lord will do that for us, because we are never meant to live out this Christian life on our own. It is impossible to live the Christian life in our human strength. It is always meant to be lived out in the power of the Holy Spirit. So it's not something that we can do on our own. So it is so good when we see this kind of, you know, wrong attitudes in our heart to just go to him very frankly and say, Lord, I'm shocked. I look at myself and I realize that I still love the things of the world more than I love the things of God. So Lord, I really want those pressures of mine to be in heaven, not here, you know, where they are so temporary.  So, you know, your, so repentance is all about starting to get your priorities right. That is, that is in fact one of the most fundamental first few, first few steps that you take, you know, in your walk of repentance. And so Zacius caught that he, I think maybe the man had always been eager for godly things.  And so that happens for Zacius. And we see other, you know, scriptures also which convey the very same message. Matthew chapter 13 versus 45 and 46. If someone could read out for us, please, Matthew 13, 45 and 46. Matthew chapter 13 was 45 and 46. Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant seeking beautiful pearls, who when he had found one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had and bought it. Okay, so this merchant who was, you know, a purchaser of pearls, he was a trader in pearls, he's looking for the finest quality pearls available. And he comes across one which is so amazingly valuable that he is willing to sell everything that he has just to be able to acquire it. So you see, he valued that pearl that much. So Jesus is saying, the kingdom of heaven is like that. How many of you really value the kingdom to an extent where you are willing to sacrifice everything for that, to get into that kingdom, to be a part of it, you know, to gain citizenship in that? How many of you long for the kingdom of heaven to that extent? You know, it's basically the question which Jesus is posing, you know, when he gives, when he uses this particular, you know, comparison, when he compares the kingdom of heaven to a merchant who sold everything just to be able to get that one pearl, because to him that pearl was that valuable. So it's like Jesus is saying, is my kingdom that valuable to you? And if we do not have that attitude, it would really help to honestly go to him, humble ourselves before him, before him and say, Lord, I repent of this wrong attitude that I have, where the things of the world are more important to me. I don't want to be like this. Please help me. Please change me. And then you choose to start changing your priorities.  You choose to follow whatever he's telling you to do. And as you do it, then, you know, your spiritual riches will start increasing in your, you know, heavenly bank account. And in the meantime, you hear on this earth, will start becoming more holy, and you'll start becoming more like Christ. So the people of the world, you know, when they look at us, they probably think that we are so foolish. Why are we giving up on so many things? Why are we making so many sacrifices? They just don't get it. They think just for the sake of being spiritual, why are these people giving up these things? They don't understand that we are doing this because we have, we are preparing ourselves for an amazing kingdom, an eternal kingdom for immensely great riches. They think there's giving up everything to just be poppers. But no, we are actually giving up everything because we have caught hold of this pearl of, you know, which is beyond all value. And to get that pearl, to have access to that pearl, we are willing to give up everything else. So, so the world doesn't get why we are doing this. But we are wise people who are doing this because we have caught hold of something that is just too valuable to let go of. It would be heights of foolishness to let go of this amazing kingdom of heaven, to let go of this God who is so compassionate, so loving, so humble. I mean, even though he's all mighty, he is so humble to give up someone like that, what foolishness that would be, you know, so which is why, you know, we give up the other things so that we can hold on to him so that we can, you know, please him and honor him. And we see the same thing even about, you know, Moses as well. If someone could read out Hebrews chapter 11, verses 25 to 27, Hebrews 11, 25 to 27, please. Hebrews chapter 11, verse 25 to 27, choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God than to enjoy the passing pleasures of sin, esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt, for he looked to the reward, by faith he forsook Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king, for he endured as seeing him who's invisible. Yeah, so it talks about Moses and says, rather than enjoying the fleeting pleasures of sin, the very temporary pleasures of sin, rather than enjoying that, he chose to be mistreated with the people of God. And it says he chose disgrace, you know, he preferred to suffer disgrace for the sake of the kingdom of God, because he was looking ahead to his reward. It says in Hebrews 11, 26, he was looking ahead to his reward. And it says in verse 27, he continued to persevere because his eyes were set upon the invisible. His eyes were set upon the Lord. He cannot see the Lord physically, but he knows that the Lord is there. And if he holds on to the Lord, the Lord will lead him into an eternal kingdom, you know, and he will always be there in the presence of God. So knowing that he was willing to, you know, sacrifice everything else. So, you know, this is one major learning in this whole thing, subject of repentance. We have to come stage by stage to a place where God is everything for us. The kingdom of God is everything for us. And all these other things are no longer as valuable. So if the Lord says to give up something, we will be more than willing to do that because we are pursuing something which is of amazing value. So in all our acts of repentance, the different things that, you know, we would be giving up on a daily basis. If we are doing it all with this goal, that we are reaching out to something that is of absolute value, that is something that is eternal. And so for the sake of that, we undergo this process of repentance. And it's the love of God, which kind of, you know, gives us the motivation and the encouragement to pursue. Because we see how loving he is. We see the great promises that he is making to us. And we choose to trust him. We choose to believe him. And out of our faith, you know, out of this childlike faith which we have started to place in him, we are willing to give up other things because we know he'll take care. We know that he will provide. We know that he will reward.  There's another thing that can lead us to repentance. And that is the works and the miracles of God, which lead us to repentance. If we can have someone read out Matthew chapter 11, verses 20 and 21. Matthew 11, 20 and 21. When he began to rebuild the cities in which most of his mighty works had been done, because they did not repent.  You know, it's what the Lord says over here. He says, the miracles which I have done for you people, if I had done it back then in those days, entire Tyre and Sidon would have repented right then and there, because they would have seen that I am indeed divine. They would have seen that I am indeed God and that what I'm speaking is the truth and they would have repented. But here you are after seeing all that you are seeing with your own eyes. You're still refusing to place your trust in me. You're refusing to submit to me. On the other hand, when we look at Peter, Peter, when he saw the miracle that was taking place in front of his eyes, his immediate response was that would be in your Luke chapter 5, verses 6 to 11. Luke chapter 5 verses 6 to 11, where they catch such a huge number of fish. After having fished the entire night and not caught anything, so Peter very well knew that there were no fish over there earlier. Okay, they all very, very well know because they've been doing that the entire night. They very, very well know that there were no fish in the water earlier. Now, suddenly, there are so many fish over there that the nets are breaking. And so when Peter sees this miracle, his immediate response is repentance. Unlike this hard-hearted people, you know, in Matthew chapter 11, Peter, when he sees a miracle, he immediately realizes that he is standing in the presence of divinity. He's standing in the presence of a very holy God. And so his immediate responses in Luke chapter 5, verse 8, he says, you know, he falls down at Jesus' feet and he says, go away from me, Lord, I am a sinful man. He is terrified. He's scared. How can something as unclean as me even be in the presence of such holiness?  And then look at Jesus' response to this act of repentance. It's so beautiful. In Luke chapter 5, verse 10, Jesus says to Simon, don't be afraid. From now on, you will fish for people.  You know, that's what it says in 1 John chapter 1, verse 9. So he, we need to take that first step of admitting all the dirt there is. Very frankly, when we do that and we cry out to him and say, Lord, you have to help me. I cannot get rid of this on my own. Then that gives the opening to the Lord to begin his work of transformation.  I will change and transform you so that you will start doing something amazing. You'll start fishing for people and bringing them into the kingdom of God. So forget about you being worried about whether you'll get destroyed by the wrath of God. I will bring you into the kingdom. Not only will you come into the kingdom, you in fact will be empowered to bring a lot of other people, thousands of others into my kingdom. That's the kind of work of transformation that I will do in your life. And when these people, these fishermen hear about this, this is their response to what he is offering in verse 11, Luke 5, 11. So they pulled their boats up on shore, left everything and followed him. So this, you know, in the 40 minutes or so that we have spent, we look at again and again that this idea of leaving everything because now they have found something of great value. So first step, very, very first step to repentance. Look at ourselves. We need to examine ourselves and ask ourselves in what areas are we still valuing the things of the world more than the things of God. And those things have to be left behind. We need to get rid of those wrong attitudes with the help of the Holy Spirit. So the first step would be to admit that we are in that sinful place, that we have those wrong attitudes and to reach out to him and say, Lord, you help me.  I am going to rebuild you into a new person and give you a new purpose. So the Lord will do that. And so in gratitude, we choose to continue leaving everything that is holding us down. We continue to walk in him. And that is basically what discipleship is all about. So yeah. And a third thing that leads people to repentance is godly sorrow. So maybe we can look at the scripture which talks about godly sorrow. Second Corinthians chapter 7 versus 9 and 10. If we could have someone read out, please. Second Corinthians 7, 9 and 10. Second Corinthians 7, 9 and 10. Now I rejoice not that you were made sorry, but that your sorrow led to repentance. For you are made sorry in a godly manner, that you might suffer loss from us in nothing. For godly sorrow produces repentance leading to salvation, not to be regretted. But the sorrow of the world produces death. So yes, thank you so much. So here it says in second Corinthians chapter 7 verse 9, your sorrow led you to repentance. Godly sorrow always leads to repentance. And in verse 10 we see that godly sorrow brings repentance that leads to salvation and leaves no regret. So when there is godly sorrow, that leads to genuine repentance and it will lead to the salvation of your soul. So the details of that we look at when we get back from our break. But these are really vital lessons that we can learn. There are some absolutely beautiful lessons that we can learn from the difference between godly sorrow and worldly sorrow. If we can have godly sorrow in our hearts, that can change our lives. On the other hand, we need to guard ourselves from worldly sorrow because that will just lead to nothing but despair and destruction. That's from the devil. So let's look at the difference between those two things when we get back from our break. So if we can all log back in at 11 o'clock please. All right, thank you.


Hello and welcome to news clicks show mapping fault lines where we discuss major geopolitical issues from across the world Today, we're going to be talking about the United States moving the United Nations asking for Sanctions to be reimposed on Iran now the sanctions were withdrawn as part of the Iran nuclear deal in 2015 of which the US was also a member the US of course withdrew from this deal in 2018 but the other members have continued to be part of the deal But it is now insisting that Iran has violated the deal and so the sanctions the UN sanctions should be reimposed We've talked more about this. We haven't just prepared for this. Thank you so much for joining us So it's it's a bit strange right now because we have the United States Which is no longer part of the deal for almost two years now And now it is approached the United Nations demanding that everyone should follow its lead Although no one else none of the other members of the Iran nuclear deal seemed to have any issues with Since this is a show on fault lines Let's look at the fault lines one of course is the obvious fault line between the United States in Iran And nothing really has changed on that but what we are seeing is the emergence of a new fault line between the United States and all the other Members who signed the agreement along with the United States with Iran in the JCPOA now in that agreement It's United States which withdrew in 2018 in fact It said that we cannot continue with this agreement. We are withdrawing. We're no longer a party to that's his official position Now if you claim that you are not party to an agreement Can you now come back and say other parties have not fulfilled the agreement and therefore now they must Under the agreement they must do ABC. So can you in other words have your case And eat it too or rather having eaten it you really have your cake now This is the really the issue that is there now I'm not going to getting into the legal issues involved because from what the experts have said and legal experts have said the European Union representatives have said All of them seem to be saying that the original agreement as signed has no Proposition that the participating state is a participating state Irrespective of whether it withdraws or it doesn't so a participating You the state is a state which is participating in the agreement not what it was when it was founded That's only a statement of fact. So these are the participating states which have drawn up the agreement therefore US is trying to play completely different things one is agreement itself and Other is the United Nations risk security council resolution and therefore this is not a legal or a tenable Interpretation leaving that out, you know, this is the legal part of it Which you know as as you would know lawyers can spend hours discussing Splitting hairs in effect. So we don't want to get into lawyerly debates in this That's best best left to lawyers So question is really what is likely to happen? There are two things over here One is what is US really asking US is asking that though nobody else wants to sanction Iran Because I have sanctioned Iran. I have pulled out of the deal. So originally Iran was supposed to have taken a set of steps Now it's in violation of some of the steps It's in fact in rare in enriched uranium stock has now gone up after the US withdrew that it is in violation So I am bringing this violation to the notice and the snapback sanctions to take place Even though I'm no longer a party to the agreement. There's a power I have from the original agreement This none of the other countries are willing to accept now a simple issue is Nothing can be placed on the agenda of the security council without nine members Voting for it. It needs a majority for the agenda to be passed So even if not they they don't have even if they don't have a Majority that's not the issue. You don't me and there is no veto on the agenda So therefore simply put this agenda may never come up in front of the security council If there are not seven there are I think nine votes for it that would be security council Majority that would be required. So this may never come on the agenda therefore you US would declare that because there is no Resolution which stops the snapback snapback has occurred because because I have given a notice and Therefore now snapback exists as per United Nations Even if United Nations does not say so So therefore any country and pop you is on record saying this any country which does not obey my Sanctions and the United Nations sanctions, which I have declared has taken place now Will be now the subject of my sanctions. So not Iran Anybody who does not accept what I'm saying will now be subject to my sanctions It's a threat of sanctioning the whole world. So that is the point I'm making of course The United States by holding the financial levers of the world the swift transaction system Effectively has cared all the European allies in not trading with Iran on the question of why so Iran is finding it very difficult to sell oil because the transactions are generally Completed through that swift System so the swift system being in the hands of the United States This makes it extremely difficult for big companies and also for countries and more importantly for them the banking Regulations are such that it would touch us big banks or into touch banks Even in Europe and because these banks are dealing with the US if they come under sanctions, that's the risk They don't want to take So how to circumvent the US triangle hold on the financial system has been the key challenge That would continue to be the key challenge But the issue in this particular case is that I don't think us is looking that it will get its way in the United Nations It is going to go Unilaterally saying that I Consider that the snapback has taken place because a security council resolution that is a snapback proposition a security council Resolution would be required to mean that for the snapback not to occur the subsequent to a complaint being raised in the JCPOA So the snapback has occurred according to it because it considers itself for the purpose of this Maneuver it considered it's still an original member of the JCPOA so now it claims the security council resolution has not taken place and if it does not happen within 30 days that the US Interpretation is the UN sanctions are holding good even though UN's Interpretation is not going to be that doesn't like look likely It's going to be that given the fact the Western European countries Trans-Germany and UK don't seem to be going along with it Russia and China obviously not with it So given five countries are not with it. It's unlikely It's going to get a majority even on the agenda of the United Nations Security Council So given all of this, that's not the real issue. The real issue is that how much can United States Push the rest of the world in dealings with Iran already the United States sanctions have in effect Made Iran's life difficult and it's made Iran's exports really come down particularly on the issue of oil So given all of that that is really where the US is wielding its powers So I think the snapback sanction is just another Propaganda ploy by Pompeo Trump and it is Claiming a victory it will claim a victory that it has succeeded because the snapback is in place Because it gave a notice so it is increasingly going to live in this fractured world Where the reality according to Trump and Pompeo are different according to the reality of all others but the problem is the financial control that the US has and that is something that the Other countries will have to address sooner or later Except if they do not agree with the United States The question is how far are they willing to go to create a truly? Multi-polar world in terms of not only the geo strategic issues But also in terms of the financial architecture of the world and I think that's Increasingly going to become the issue. That's how can European Union and this is really about European Union It is UK. It is France. It is Germany all three have disagreed in the United States on the JCP way On the question of Iran and the value of the Iran nuclear deal So are they willing to buck the United States or not? This is another pressure that the US is putting on them. How far they're willing to stand up to it is really the question And this context we do know that The European Union launched instex which was supposed to be an alternative payment mechanism to the United States dominated Swift Mechanism and although it was not really very effective. It was basically meant only for humanitarian trade Nonetheless, it did mark a step. So do you think that the possibility of the US again? Becoming more aggressive on these sanctions might again say push back some of these initiatives or need to them being abandoned You know, I think the real issue that is Increasingly going to be faced and it's going to be faced on a number of counts is Does the European Union have an independent position? Particularly when it does not agree with the United States Now you can have an independent position, but you're ineffective in that position You don't do anything about it. You make some vague noises that you don't pursue it If that is the proposition that is there, then of course European Union will do nothing. The question is as Increasingly United States starts disagreeing with the European Union a number of issues. It's not only Iran The other breaks that are going to come on that is trading with China for example Trading with the with the Russians with the Russian That is the issue of what you know the Nord Stream pipeline oil pipeline and on that. It's a Germany Turkey countries like that which are on the crosshairs of the United States So are they willing to do something on that now all of this is I Suspect coming to a head if Trump wins the election if Trump doesn't win the election Maybe Biden will try to get something back and try to reestablish some kind of NATO unity and the moment the US position is my allies don't help me much I'm carrying the burden. They have to sing my tune. I'm I have the Military power to protect them and therefore they have to follow whatever I say now if that is a position they don't accept and Increasingly with the fact that Russia and China are now clearly On the other side, what is the European Union's position be will it become an economic power? If it is an economic power, will it play its own hand or it will still be dictated by the United States That's a real question and I think Iran as much as China as well as the issue with the Nord Stream and Russia, I think all of it brings it out now, you know for a European Union the bigger issue would be for instance Ukraine Belarus and Russia because they are still part of Europe So what do they do over there now? They have followed blindly almost On the dot the lead of the United States now UK after Brexit is going to go much closer to the United States What about the rest of the European Union that is something that we have to see already on the issue for instance of the data protection law You might be aware that on the data protection law The European Union's court has given a judgment that data cannot be taken a personal data of European Union citizens cannot be taken out to the United States servers because United States servers do not Provide the European Union citizens with the same legal protection that the European Union Provides or the question of privacy and it clearly boils down to the fact that the United States does not provide any legal protection Against intelligence agencies of the United States looking at personal data That is there stored on the service if they're non-U.S citizens if they're US citizens We know the bulk orders are issued but the fees are core So it's not much of a protection either but please there is a fig leaf of a protection There is none for non-citizens of the US that's something that should concern India as well But the European Union the highest court in the European Union has given a judgment all that and there are also issues Regarding this big for GAFA as it is being called Google, Apple Facebook and Amazon and also Microsoft if you add to that I think they are a combined Mark market capitalization is to the more than six trillion Okay, and that would make them in if it was if you take that equivalent If we take that equivalent to the GDP of countries and that would make them the third largest in the world Given that size of the market power that these Software companies or digital monopolies wheel the European Union also has certain Economic issues with the United States now. It's a Uncharted territory for the European Union which way it will go till now it has not bucked the United States. It has Said yes, we don't agree with the United States But they haven't as we have discussed they haven't really provided any concrete action in terms of Accepting Iran's oil for example So given that what is it that it is going to do you talked about the Exchange foreign exchange mechanism. They have set out with Iran Russia is also a similar exchange, but the point is whichever bank deals with it even if it's a big bank of you know Europe any of the European Union countries the French banks or the German banks and all of these Transactions will take place to the banks that themselves come under sanctions now can therefore to do that There's the same issue with State Bank of India State Bank of India was earlier taking, you know Was allowing transactions including Iran's oil it was stated with sanctions by the United States Can the State Bank of India do that and as you know US is no compunction and seizing assets of Foreign companies and foreign countries So given that everybody is scared that we have a rogue state Which is the global hegemon and how do we fight it now? I think that's the challenge European Union is facing to be Iran nothing has changed That the same strength of a facing they're still facing the real threat this time is to all other countries in the world And that too those countries which are supposed to be the US allies How far are they willing to go or how far are the willing to bend that is a question And will they continue to bend or now will they take a position? No, we have to work out What is called strategic autonomy? You know the strategic autonomy is something we have been using in our show regarding India Well, I'm it is strange But I'm beginning to see the phrase being talked off more and more in the European Union as well About what about strategic autonomy? We should be looking for strategic autonomy or will the Germany Germans the French other European Union countries accept that they have they can bark but they can't bite when it comes to the United States and Therefore all the noise they will make will be nothing So I think the real issue of this of course are twofold One is where the Trump will whether the pandemic storm in the United States and come back in in the elections At the moment these prospects don't look so bright, but neither did it look bright last time Right, so we can always be wrong on that one this time Maybe more grounds to think that he may not win the election But more important than this is a much longer issue Does the United States have the ability to bend all its allies to its will even when it is in the wrong? And that is something that we have to watch for Thank you so much for be for doctors. That's all we're time for today. Keep watching