Today we are going to continue with amplifiers feedback amplifier design in the last class lecture 16 ahh 15 we had started with how to design negative feedback amplifiers ideal amplifiers and today we will be continuing with the methodology of feedback amplifier design. We have already classified ideal amplifiers as voltage amplifiers, current amplifiers, transconductance amplifiers and trans resistance amplifiers. These are the ideal amplifiers which have a unique way of representation voltage amplifier being represented by G actually should be G current amplifier by H fact there is a mistake here. So voltage amplifier by G current amplifier by H okay trans conductance amplifier by in fact here also trans resistance amplifier by Z and trans conductance amplifier by Y. So we have these ways of representing ideal amplifiers and what is the feedback for obtaining voltage amplifier voltage amplifiers can be obtained by H feedback which is the inverse of G feedback. So where the H parameters are and the inverse of H is resulting in G right. So voltage amplifier is represented by G matrix in order to reach the G matrix we have to start with H feedback that means H parameter of the amplifier as with H parameter of the feedback networks so that it becomes a series arrangement at the input and shunt arrangement at the output series arrangement input increases the input impedance shunt arrangement at the output decreases the output impedance. So it reaches an idealization of voltage controlled voltage source. So you can see here current amplifier on the other hand is ideally represented by H parameter. So we start with G feedback in order to reach idealization the G feedback okay inverted results in the H matrix the G feedback topology is where G parameters are it is shunt at the input admittances at series at the output impedances at so it becomes current controlled current source. So it is an ideal current amplifier realization G parameters at and inverted G results in ideal H. So trans conductance amplifier the ideal matrix is represented by Y matrix so that means this Y is the inversion of Z matrix Z parameters at both at the input and at the output so it is series at the input and series at the output. So the amplifier becomes a voltage controlled current source and it is ideally represented by a Y parameter which is the inverse of the Z parameter. The trans resistance amplifier on the other hand is ideally represented by Z is the inverse of Y Y parameters at if they are in shunt at the input and shunt at the output so the Y parameters at and inverted Y is the Z parameter of the trans resistance idealization. So these are the procedures these are the topologies of feedback arrangement okay this is the mathematical technique of adding the parameters simply and inverting to get what we want adding the parameters simply and getting the inversion what we want. So this is the way it is going to start right if you want the current amplifier okay which is the H parameter you start with G if you want the voltage amplifier which is the G parameter okay you start with H. So if you want the trans conductance amplifier you start with Z okay if you want trans resistance amplifier you start with Y. So let us we have demonstrated this procedure very clearly earlier in the 15th lecture by designing the Y feedback that is realization of Z matrix okay. So the trans impedance amplifier was designed systematically and give an example of such a trans impedance amplifier design we are now going to design a general amplifier topology okay. So that was also illustrated by taking immittance matrix and today the examples are chosen on the other 3 amplifiers voltage amplifier trans impedance amplifier and current amplifiers these 3 examples are going to be illustrated in today's examples. So let us start with the voltage amplifier design so ideal voltage control voltage source okay so the procedure is going to be that we have to start with the ideal amplifier matrix which is the G matrix 000 it should be and GF which is independent of the amplifier parameters it should be dependent only on the feedback network parameter. So this is what we want to achieve which means we go to the H parameters for the amplifier non ideal amplifier H parameter of the non ideal amplifiers will be adding with the H parameter of the suitable feedback network okay in order to sort of get the ideal G we have to invert the composite H matrix. So let us consider this amplifier now HIE is going to be nothing but RIA HIE is the H parameter of this amplifier that means it is shorted at the output and HIE is nothing but the impedance seen at the input when the output is shorted since there is no feedback whatever we do at the output has no role okay at the input so it is nothing but straight away RIA. HIE on the other hand is open circuit the input and open circuit admittance at the output so it is nothing but HOA is 1 over ROA next HFA is the short circuit current gain the current at the input if it is II so II is the current at the input this generates a voltage at the input which is RIA into II that into A is the voltage okay at the output which gets transferred that divided by ROA is the short circuit current and since it is going to flow case even this is positive negative this will be positive and this is negative okay it is II RIA divided by ROA is the output current short circuit current with a negative sign because it is going to flow out current flowing gain is considered as positive so what is the short circuit current gain HFA is nothing but A times RIA by ROA so HFA is minus A times RIA divided by ROA so the other parameters are this for the amplifier that is going to be used here the feedback arrangement to obtain near ideal voltage control voltage so the this is the arrangement it is shunt at the output so that output impedance comes down it becomes a voltage control device because input impedance is increasing right they are they are in series so current is common okay voltages add okay input voltage to the amplifier as to the feedback voltage to the network right of the passive feedback network and here it is in shunt that means output current of the amplifier and output current of the feedback they get added and output current is update. So the feedback network in this particular case is nothing but a attenuator network okay so this is R1 this is R2 this is the feedback network that is going to be used here to modify the property of this amplifier so that it becomes an ideal near ideal voltage controlled voltage source shunt at the output series at the input. So this is the parameters add that means the g parameter of the amplifier now okay as with sorry h parameter of the amplifier as with the h parameter of the feedback network in order to give you the composite network this is the feedback network R2 and R1 output voltages went back to the input VFB by VO is R1 by R1 plus R2. So again h parameter of this is R1 parallel R2 when you short this okay so the h parameter of this is R1 parallel R2 okay and the h f feed forward here from this to this is going to be current short circuit current is going to be R1 by R1 plus R2 with a negative sign and then the open circuit the input and the admittance 1 over R1 plus R2 that is the admittance of this open circuit admittance and the feedback when you open circuit voltage at the input for an output voltage is R1 by R1 plus R2 positive. So I can see that the h R feedback is same as h f feedback okay feed forward only opposite in sign that is the case with h and g parameters in general of passing networks okay. So we have now written this composite the g parameters composite h parameters of the whole network and converted into g parameters inverse here this is the g matrix. So this g matrix comes by transforming the composite h matrix okay and it is inverse so you have the feedback parameters getting added with the amplifier network h parameter and the h parameter is inverted to give you the g matrix as shown here. So this is the inverted g matrix of the network so you can see that this is nothing but 1 over PR of the feedback network which is 1 plus R2 over R1 R1 by R1 plus R2 inverse of that is 1 plus R2 over R and the rest of the parameters you can see clearly here that the loop gain of the whole system okay makes this rest of the parameters all go towards 0 because A is very large okay RIA may be also pretty large R1 is very small this is what I call as okay 0th that is 0 of third order because this is going towards 0 this is going towards infinity this is going towards infinity the third order 0 that means this is definitely going fast towards 0 this is 1 over A okay first order 0 second order 0 so this is a second order 0 this is again a second order 0 this is finite. So it is very clear that we have achieved a voltage controlled voltage source of gain 1 plus R2 over R1 hearing the ideal element values for the other parameters of the matrix G matrix this is the model right this will be a very high impedance okay or very low conductance okay this is also very high impedance or in fact very low resistance not this the output impedance which is becoming very low output conductance is okay going to be very high. So this is going towards voltage control voltage source so we have reached this voltage control voltage source that we desire with very high input impedance seen here which is equal to the original impedance into loop gain which is A of this stage loop gain is roughly this you can just note that approximately it can be evaluated very quickly okay this is the impedance that comes in between. So if the gain is A and this attenuation is R1 by R1 plus R2 the loop gain is roughly equal to R1 by R1 plus R2 into A okay if you ignore the effect of loading due to this on R1 okay. So what happens is loop gain in this case is roughly equal to A into R1 by R1 plus R2 so the input impedance of the amplifier gets enhanced roughly to this value original value into the loop gain this is the new impedance that means impedance goes very high and output impedance should be reduced it is going to be reduced by the same factor of the loop gain so it goes towards 0 this goes towards infinity that is how it is becoming voltage control voltage source and the gain becomes only dependent upon the inverse transfer parameter here which is 1 over inverse transfer parameter 1 over R1 by R1 plus R2 or 1 plus R2 by R1. So an example we want to design using 741 for example okay PAMP with nearly 10 to power 6 10 to power 5 to 10 to power 6 decibels that is 100 to 120 decibels of gain DC gain input resistance of 1 mega ohm output resistance of 100 ohm let us say RS is source resistance 10K and RL is also 10K let us consider the design of a non-inverting amplifier of gain 100. Now 1 plus R2 over R1 is equal to 100 because 1 over feed deck parameter R1 by R1 plus R2 is this so R2 by R1 okay you get it as 99 so R2 is equal to 99 R1 so we can actually say that R1 plus R2 is equal to 100 R1 so substituting these values we will note that the GI that you have as the first parameter of the G matrix inverted matrix going towards 0 10 to power minus 10 you can see and you can also have a means of finding out what should be the value of R1 plus R2 in order to make this negligible okay this is the output impedance in order to make this insensitivity output impedance you have to select R1 plus R2 accordingly that means if you select R1 plus R2 much greater than 100 you have in desensitized it with respect to the output impedance similarly as far as input impedance is concerned you can actually desensitize with respect to input impedance okay if RS okay plus R1 parallel R2 is chosen to be much lower than input impedance okay which can be approximated to 0 G naught is also coming out to be approximate to 0 right so this is output impedance GR is going to be the reverse transmission after feedback this is also very nearly 0 minus 10 to power minus 10 R1 A by A into RI this is the third order 0 I am talking about so these are the sort of conditions that must be fulfilled in order to make these things insensitivity to input impedance of the amplifier and output impedance of the amplifier R1 plus R2 should be much greater than 100 ohms and RAA should be much greater than R1 parallel R2 all resistors are so this is the way resistors are selected so actually speaking I think final diagram there is this was started as 10 key it does not make much of an influence right so this is the final circuit which gives us voltage control voltage source with gain equal to 100 the next to design is the voltage control current source trans conductance amplifier trans conductance amplifiers are pretty common in high frequency filter design to these days analog multiplexes sample and hold circuit modulators and mixers in fact op amp was relatively first offered as a trans conductance type of op amp okay for these communication applications like modulators and mixers these are the 1TIT 3080 OPA 860 these types let us see how we will go about designing an ideal voltage control current source as you can see there control voltage VI results in an output current of GM times VI coming in coming into the code so the matrix that we are interested in reaching when we go to the idealization is nothing but the Y matrix I I I I I not in terms of Y matrix when the independent variables are VI and Vietnam so Y matrix will be 0 0 0 and GM which is independent of the amplifier active device parameters dependent solely on the passive device so feedback around non-ideal amplifier to convert it into a voltage control current source okay so this is for a current control voltage control current source so voltage control again means that input impedance should go high current source means output impedance should go high so the arrangement is series at the input and series at the output and what is the parameter that adds we have to start with we want an ideal Y parameter so we have to start with Z parameters and the Z parameters which are called open circuit parameters add simply VI A adds to VI P VI A adds to BOP and the final load voltage occurs here and final input voltage occurs here so the current is common both at the input and the output this should be strictly I I so input current is common both at the input and output current is common for both the ports so this is the topology for a voltage control current source realization Z parameters are the ones to be taken and added so let us consider the Z parameters for the non-ideal active device so Z I A equals R I A because the reverse transmitted meter is 0 input and output are isolated so this is simply Z I A and this one is simply Z O I A is equal to R O A now what is the Z F A for this so Z F A is defined as when you have an input current of I I okay I I into R I A is the input voltage that times A is the open circuit voltage at the output so let us see the polarity this is plus and that is minus so it is positive so we have the Z parameter of this in this manner R I A R O A and this Z F A is nothing but okay this is Z F A so let us see the composite actually feedback network is going to be again nothing but any impedance between the output and input okay so this is the feedback network so it is just a network Z F so what is the Z parameter of this it will be Z F I mean I I pumped into this result in a voltage which is I I into Z F okay so Z F at the output open circuit parameters of this feedback network okay minus Z F and minus Z F here because when I pump a current through this the voltage is going to be minus Z F into I I okay at the output similarly if I pump a current from the output it will be minus Z F into I O right because this total arrangement is going to be coming like this so you can see that the grounding is done for this if we use single ended I mean differential input single ended output or PAMP is used this is already grounded and this ground comes here so these voltages will be getting added with this as positive and when I am pumping I I okay this develops I I into RF and that will be in opposition to this voltage so if this is A B I A which is A into R I A into I I this is going to be minus that so that is how okay that minus sign is attributed to both feedback and feed forward parameters of the feedback network so the composite Z parameter is going to be this A times R I A with this as minus okay this as plus okay and then this as plus RF is one way of looking at it for that particular direction for which we have marked right we can consider it as plus and this as minus and this as minus so this is one way of looking at the whole thing right it depends upon the direction unit we have marked the current so if you have marked I naught as this then actually this particular thing is going to be plus here minus here minus that as we had indicated earlier right so this will be ahh minus here okay and plus here when it is inverted plus here okay so the determinant okay of the matrix is changing the parameters this way that this becomes equal to okay minus 1 over RF this is RF RF gets sort of A R I A A R I A minus 1 over RF is the parameter this it is reaching this is going to be 0 0 0 that is the final by matrix of this whole thing so this is the network this voltage VS is going to carry make this RF carry a current of VS by RF VS appears here this is VS so this is VS by RF okay and that current is going to flow in the opposite direction to what is marked as I L so that transfer parameter is minus 1 over RF design a voltage control current source with trans conductance of 1 milli siemens for a source with RS equal to 10 kilo ohm and with a load of 1 kilo ohm using 741 op amp 741 is a general purpose voltage op amp with DC voltage gain of 10 to power 500 decibels input resistance R I A 1 mega ohm and output resistance of RO to 100 ohm RF is equal to 1 kilo ohm this is what is chosen in order to make the conductance 1 milli siemens so we have it here now according to us this is going to be plus and this is going to be minus for that particular direction marked okay that is the only if you change the direction there up in the block to the opposite direction as positive then this will retain the previous side and here it is minus and this is plus this is plus okay and therefore this becomes now okay minus plus this becomes minus so this minus plus this is plus so you can see that ultimately for the values that we have given there the determinant of the matrix is 10 to power 14 into RA into RF roughly okay and it is that that magnifies this matrix parameters so A comes everywhere in the denominator here it gets cancelled and therefore it is minus 1 over RF so you can see that by matrix goes to a 0 0 0 and minus 1 milli siemens design a voltage control current source with trans conductance of 1 milli siemens for a source resistance of RS equal to 10 kilo ohm and load resistance of 1 kilo ohm using TL 0 8 1 op amp TL 0 8 1 is a general purpose bifat voltage op amp with the DC voltage gain of 10 to power 5 100 decibels input resistance of 10 to power 6 mega ohms and output resistance of 100 ohms you will see that the by matrix of such a network now becomes 10 to power minus 14 close to 0 10 minus 10 to power minus 17 again very close to 0 and 10 to power minus 14 that is the order compared to 10 to power minus 3 so this become 0 compared to this 1 milli siemens totally independent of the device parameters finally we come to the current control current source current amplifier with the supply voltages getting reduced to even less than 1 volt and the present day amplifiers have to become current amplifiers in order to deliver a required amount of power the only swing that can be achieved is current swing so the future of current amplifier is very bright compared to voltage amplifiers where voltage things are in demand and supply voltages have to be very large for that is not strictly compatible with the current day technology of supply voltage reduction in order to keep up with the advances or in digital design operational current amplifiers are for some reason not very popular commercially okay but they have to become popular in future so what is the ideal current amplifier it is current control short circuit at the input and a current source please note that output is shorted same thing we should have done we should have done with voltage controlled current source that the output should be kept shorted in order to deliver 0 power and keeping it open is a mistake here we I and I naught are the dependent variable I I and V naught are the independent variable and these matrix as 0 0 0 and HF independent of the active device and dependent solely on the passive network that is used for feedback ideally represented by H parameters the arrangement of feedback is since it is current control shunt at the input since it is a current source series at the output so currents add here voltages add at the input impedance can be brought down by current control by shunt arrangement at the input and output impedance can be increased by series arrangement at the output so we have the composite matrix now actually the network is going to be the amplifier network here which has to be put RIA and we are going to start with the we have to ultimately obtain an ideal H matrix we have to start with G matrix for the amplifier as with G matrix of the feedback network and this has to be the whole thing has to be inverted to get the H matrix ideal H matrix with 0 0 0 and HF independent of the amplifier parameters so this is going to be ROA this is going to be A times VI so the feedback network is going to be such that we can introduce the feedback network so you can introduce the feedback network here right such that the current here portion of the current here is fed back as voltage at this point right so the current is sensed here and fed back as current into the feedback okay so current sensing is done by putting a resistance across it and feeding it back as current okay at the output okay so this is the composite arrangement and let us see what happens to the G matrix that we get here we start with G matrix add 1 over RIA is the G parameter at the input of the amplifier 1 over R1 plus R2 is that due to the feedback network okay at the input okay plus 1 over RS due to the source and the feedback is R1 by R1 plus R2 okay and as far as current is concerned and this one is A plus R1 by R1 plus R2 right actually there is a negative sign associated with this okay this is the current fed back okay so this is negative feedback because loop gain is determined mainly by this into this divided by this into this okay so the H matrix is going to be this divided by determinant of the matrix minus this divided by again determinant so here since A is coming both a denominator and denominator this particular thing is finite and all these three parameters go to 0 this 1 plus R2 over R1 it becomes okay so this is actually the current gain minus so this is the current amplifier that is designed here can see that this is the G parameter getting added to the G parameter of this our current is sensed at the output and front head back to the input is minus R1 by R1 plus R2 okay so that is incorporated as a composite okay the G matrix so this is the feedback arrangement this is the load so this is where V naught is taken this is I naught okay this is V naught across the load so we have this current gain I naught by I I becoming equal to 1 plus R2 over R1 with the negative sign totally independent of the active device parameters okay so this is the final current control current source okay source resistance load resistance R1 and R2 this current I I goes through this develops a potential I I into R2 that gets dropped across R1 this potential is nearly 0 so that I I into R2 by R1 flows through this this way these two add on the output current so in conclusion we have seen here that before we end we can also give an example here let us say same example okay this is say 99K and this is 1K then the current gain is 100 okay because 1 plus 99 by 1 equal to 100 with a negative value current going in this is going to be going out okay so minus 100 so these impedances do not matter at all ROA okay so if this is VI this is minus A times VI which is same as VI so this is how we compute the whole thing okay conclusion is that we have shown how starting with H matrix to get ideal G matrix which is voltage control voltage source we can design voltage amplifiers starting with G matrix okay adding G parameters of the amplifier and feedback network getting H matrix we can design current control current sources or current amplifiers we can start with Y matrix Y parameters at and which ideal Z matrix and design trans impedance amplifiers start with Z matrix late to ideal Y matrix and get trans conductance amplifiers or trans impedance amplifiers so the amplifier design procedure for feedback amplifier design is just this we can use this concept for example using human transistors so now I can tell you how using transistors in place of op amp I can design this using this as the active device okay what are the parameters of this let us say we want to design a trans impedance amplifier or trans resistance amplifier using transistors so what is the procedure we have to start with the Y matrix for this so this GIA is 0 and if you have VI here GM times VI is the current in the output so short circuit current at the output is GM times VI where VI is the input voltage so current goes in since it is equivalent circuit is for the MOSFET okay GM times VI and then we have what you call as output conductance GDS all these things we have already discussed when we discussed the MOSFET okay earlier as active device so this is GDS this is 0 this is the active device parameter okay this has to add to GS here so consistent this GL here okay and then the feedback network is GF so we have this as GL this as GS and the current at the input is IS so we can now find out the this is actually speaking GF here and this gets added to GF here this is – GF this is – GF this is – GF so actual parameter composite parameter Y parameter of this is GS plus GF – GF GM – GF okay GDS plus GL plus GF so the determinant of the matrix okay is going to be this into this – this into this so I will see that it is not having because this GF squared gets cancelled with this GF squared okay so the determinant of the matrix simply becomes okay GS plus GF into GDS plus GL plus GF plus GF into GM – GF okay so it is essentially GS okay into GDS plus GL plus GF okay plus GF into GDS plus GL plus GM into GF this actually dominates the whole scene right and good MOSFET is a device where GM is very large compared to all other conductances GM is much greater than all other GS that is how you have to build a MOS circuit if such is the case then if you now obtain the Z parameter of this composite network you will see that the Z parameter will have okay assuming that this is approximately equal to GM into GF okay if GM dominates then the whole thing is going to be divided by GDS plus GL plus GF divided by GM into GF goes towards 0 okay the other one is GS plus GF divided by GM into GF goes towards 0 this is GF GF gets cancelled 1 over GM itself okay this is approximately equal to GM because this is negligible okay so we have this 1 over GF with a negative side so this is what happens ultimately therefore this is equal to 0 0 0 and then – RF this is how we design transistor based trans resistance amplifier it is so simple as that using either MOSFET or bipolar it does not make any difference the equivalent circuit will have a modification here at the input also in the case of bipolar that is all but the procedure is exactly similar to this now similarly one can design a trans conductance amplifier by using the MOSFET or a bipolar structure what is done in such a situation is that this topology topologically this is active device and we are introducing the resistance RF as feedback resistance here so this is the topology of series at the input and series at the output so trans conductance amplifier let us say we have a finite input resistance here this can take into account the leakage etc at the input so if this is infinity then 1 over RI goes towards 0 that is all so the parameter that you have to use will be Z parameters to start with so once again you have this Z for the amplifier Z parameter is RI A for the feedback network it is RF okay and then the output it is RDS which is 1 over GDS plus RF nothing from the amplifier as far as reverse transmission is concerned but as far as feedback is concerned we have minus RF this considered as I naught this considered as I so minus RF right sorry plus RF here this considered as I naught and this will be again plus RF okay and as far as amplifier is concerned the input current is I I into RI A okay that gets multiplied by GM of the faith okay that is the current and that flows through okay that current will be fine in and it will flow through this RDS and negative voltage will appear so negative into RDS so that is the Z parameter which is minus RI A GM RDS so that means actually this is negligible okay compared to this so it is negative feedback because this into this okay in the negative sign it comes divided by this into this is the gain so the determinant of the matrix is nearly equal to RI A GM RDS into RF so that is the so that is what modifies this and you get the final Y parameter as this divided by RDS plus RF if you want to add the load resistance here you can add okay you can add the source resistance here right so RL divided by the loop gain RI A GM RDS RF so we get this as the what is that final Y parameters of the network okay again here this goes to minus this divided by the same thing and here it is RI A plus RF plus RS divided by RI A GM RDS into RF here it is nothing but 1 over RF so it is essentially equal to 0 0 0 1 over RF so even for transistors this can be applied and one can design trans conductance and trans resistance amplifiers couple these trans conductance with trans resistance you get a voltage control voltage source couple trans resistance with trans conductance you get a current control current source so that means all the four types of amplifiers can be easily realized and these are the structures which are really the integrated circuit feedback amplifiers which are used particularly no number of stages cause the order of the system to increase and make the system become unstable and therefore it is common practice to use single stage structures okay for local negative feedback topology that means trans conductance and trans resistance are a simple structures which may not give problem in terms of stability in structures therefore voltage control voltage source and current control current sources can be obtained by cascading these rather than using complex structures like pair for H and G feedback.


My name is Luke Parnell. I'm a carver and I've been carving for around 14 years. I learned to carve niche costale but sometimes the stories I tell are the highest stories. Measurements from the sketch. I drew one side on and I traced it and flipped it over and drew the other side on and all while I'm doing that I'm sort of imagining where I need to make start making my cuts like where I need to start making my chainsaw cuts and even though I'm drawing I'm always thinking about how the sculpture is going to look inside the hole so like a lot of these details are going to be cutting right off when I start roughing out but I need to draw it just so I can sort of imagine it in the wood. Piece that I worked on for this video is called Storytellers Have Big Mouths. The reason I chose to style it the way I did was because I had never done a sculpture where the figure sort of popped off the wood and I'd never done a raven like a full like flying raven on a total before either so it was a couple elements that I'd never done before and so the reason for the title is just I just wanted to show the figure telling a story it's a raven sort of a raven story I don't really haven't really decided which story yet but that's not really important the idea isn't so much important what story he's telling it so what a fact that he keeps telling these stories and it sort of comes from a something an elder told me once where he said that the reason they tell the same story is over and over again is so that we remember and so that's sort of the idea behind it carving stages are basically coming up with an idea you can come from anywhere whether it's telling a traditional story or maybe you're just doing a four crest pole once you do that you sort of figure out what kind of a sort of crest you want to use whether it's going to be all human beings or animals and then you start planning once you figure out what you're going to do and you have like a scale drawing or a scaled mechette then you start putting the design onto the totem pole and you do that by measuring things on the pole measuring points and then once you draw it on basically you just start roughing with the chainsaw and cutting bits away until it gets to a certain point and then next you continue roughing with the hand tools and then you continue roughing until you start using sort of smaller hand tools and then apply paint and then apply finish it's pretty straightforward it just takes a lot of work you hollow at the back of a totem pole because it helps it dry or see them a little more evenly the thicker parts will dry slower than the thin parts and at least cracking and it's a big piece of wood so it'll always crack but it just helps it crack less and wait obviously it weighs less my work is carved a little deeper than traditional heita but a lot of the heita carvers nowadays carve pretty deep if you looked at an old heita totem pole a lot of times the figures will only be about two or three inches deep so the carver won't carve any deeper than that so it's a little bit more round than like say like shimshan or nishka carving where the old totem poles are more humanistic and so they carved a lot deeper so that the figures look a bit more human like the arms and the legs you know have fingers and they're sort of shaped like a human figure whereas with the old heita poles it's much more design oriented so you know an arm will look like a a split u form and the legs will be sort of similar and the hands will be sort of very stylized sort of blocky rather than sort of human looking like human hands and you know and also the eyes the eyes are more they're more like panels panels sort of stretched around a pole whereas nowadays if you look at a lot of heita work it's it's same but it's evolved quite a bit since the old days once i'm finished carving the totem pole i am going to be working on a few smaller projects i'll be working on a mask um and also a installation with 10 really small mass mackettes yeah and i'll be doing some drawing and some writing so just a bunch of small stuff and i'm also working on like an eight panel sequential narrative which isn't such a small project but i'm not sure if i'll get to that right away um well if something was starting off carving and i think i think you basically just need to start anywhere like if you're working if you're working on your own then i would recommend you start with a mask and just dive right in but if you're apprenticing and you're apprenticing with this working on a totem pole then just do whatever you're told dive in and just try not to cut yourself


What is the clinical relevance of vitamin C among lead-exposed infertile men? Compared to controls, lead battery industry workers given 1,000 mg of vitamin C every workday for three months experienced a significant increase in sperm motility in sperm count as well as decrease in abnormal sperms, as well as a significant reduction in the incidence of damaged DNA. Okay, but the ideal endpoint would be bouncing baby boys and girls. Enter this extraordinary little study from the University of Texas from over 30 years ago. 27 men with fertile wives, yet trying to have kids for years to no avail, 20 of them were given 1,000 mg of vitamin C a day for two months and seven act as controls, no vitamin C. They followed up at the end of 60 days and by then every single one of the 20 women became pregnant, 20 out of 20 years of frustration and then boom, 100% pregnant. And not a single one of the women in the control group got pregnant. Rarely does one see these kind of black and white results in the medical literature for any intervention. Is the vitamin C just lowering the oxidative stress from the lead or actually lowering the level of lead? Sure, antioxidant supplementation can have antioxidant effects, but may fail to actually lower lead levels in the blood. Now this was in a group of lead workers that were breathing the stuff day in, day out, and the way vitamin C may work is to just block the intestinal absorption of lead. An earlier study showed vitamin C supplementation apparently cut lead levels by a third within six months, but that was with a whopping 2g dose with added zinc. Another small study found the same 30% drop with just 500 mg a day no zinc and in only one month, but neither of these studies had a control group that didn't take anything, so you don't know if maybe their levels would have fallen anyway. It's like this almost too-good-to-be-true study on the role of vitamin C in scavenging lead toxicity from biosystems, by which they meant children. 250 to 500 mg a day of vitamin C for a few months, shaving hair samples every month, and saw up to a 69% decline in lead levels, so they repeated it into other small groups of kids and saw the same amazing kind of drops in every single child. But maybe lead levels were just dropping throughout the whole community during that time? Without measuring lead levels in a control group of kids not taking vitamin C, we can't be sure. Here's a good study to illustrate. Eight weeks of vitamin C in lead levels dropped in the blood and rose in the urine, so one could conclude that the vitamin C was like pulling lead out of the body. But the same things happened in the placebo group, blood levels dropped and urine levels rose, so it had nothing to do with the vitamin C at all. That's why it's always important to have a control group. The same with studies that appeared to show no benefit. 36 battery workers all given vitamin C no change in their lead levels, but maybe their co-workers during that same time period suffered a big increase in lead levels and the vitamin C was actually successful in keeping lead levels from rising. You don't know without a control group. That's why studies like this are so important, vitamin C or placebo. Vitamin C versus an identical looking sugar pill. And the vitamin C failed to help. That really put a damper on enthusiasm for using vitamin C for lead poisoning until this now famous study was published in 1999 that showed that vitamin C supplementation could lead to a decrease in blood levels. But check this out. Here's where the control group started, and after four weeks of taking a placebo, pretty much nothing happened, which is what you'd expect. Okay, but check out the vitamin C group started out at about the same, but within one week of taking 1000 mg of vitamin C a day, lead levels dropped 81%. So vitamin C supplementation may provide an economical and convenient method of reducing blood lead levels, possibly by reducing the intestinal absorption of lead. See, the urine lead levels didn't change, so it's not like they were peeing out more lead to bring down their blood levels. But, you know, most of the lead in our blood is in the red blood cells, which are recycled in the liver and discharged to the bile into the gut, where the lead could just get reabsorbed, unless perhaps you got a lot of vitamin C in there to block the reabsorption. But 1000 mg, a lot of vitamin C, would something like 200 mg work, which is just like an orange and a couple broccoli or strawberries? They tested that, too. The 200 mg group started out about the same and didn't really budge. Bummer. So 1000 seemed to work, but 200 didn't. Isn't 1000 a bit unnatural, though? I mean, the RDA is only 60. Well, actually, we may have evolved for millions of years, getting closer to 600 mg a day, 10 times the current RDA, because we were shoveling in so many fruits and greens. Yeah, but could you reach 1000 mg without having to take pills? Sure, that's the amount of vitamin C, for example, that can be found in three bell peppers.


What's up everybody? Jason from Jasper's case breaks dot com 1920 Penini Donner's optic 10 box half case blaster Case break number 18 just sold out two random teams each. So again the second half of the case 15 total spots every big is two random teams in the NBA. Just remember no veteran base card ship and Good luck. Let's roll the dice And we got a four and a six ten times Drew Donna Derek ten times one two three four five six seven eight nine and ten ten times Rich Down to rich. Let's actually open up a new Google Doc and proud some labels hocks down of the wizards one two three four five six seven eight nine ten Clippers down to the Hornets Where'd you got the clips Daniel with the magic bucks Stephen K of the nuggets calling the thunder Matthew with the Celtics calling the spurs Matthew you have the Grizzlies Derek last one bunch of Lakers Elvis You have the pelicans Diane with the Mavericks Matt with the trailblazers in heat Derek with the two who's Pacers wars Diane with the Knicks Richard Serrano with Bull's Raptors Nick with the Rockets Matthew with the 76ers as well as the Jazz TJ with the Pistons drew you have the Kings TJ with the Wizards Stephen K with the Suns Drew with the Hawks Elvis with the Nets Nick with the Cavs Richard with the Charlotte Hornets So if anybody wants to trade Perfect time right now If any of you guys want to trade Daniels a magic for anyone Suns and nuggets for mavs. Where's it who has a Mavericks Diane does? All right guys. Sorry. I'm gonna close the trade window There you go. Good luck everybody first five boxes guys as more Drew holiday my house Yanis hollow. There you go. Next one Peter Washington, Jr Tim Hardaway, Jr. For the Mavericks checkerboard. There you go. It's that one Kobe whites insert as well Bradley Beal my house Kobe insert and Dylan Windler autograph for the Cleveland Cavaliers Nick with that one Devon Booker Tyler heroes and a Daniel Gafford John Stockton PJ Washington, Jr Lou Williams and Eric Pashall Retail All right, last five boxes here. Is that you Elvis do need some time man. They haven't really pulled it I don't even pull it in the first house. Nice man. How's it going man? I think I hate about these blashes the packs are just kind of rough Correct. Sam Nick You got a James Harden number to 149 brought on t-minus Wow, there's three look at Sam Nick's no names.  Very nice. And there you go guys Well, we've seen some pretty loaded cases in the past But this one was saved right here in the last blaster box Appreciate it guys. This was a optic 10 box half case blaster break number 18 on Jasper's case breaks calm Look out for more. I think we have some for 19 and 20. Appreciate it guys


Out of the four strategic models that we plan to discuss the first two of them that we covered in the previous sessions namely the answer of product grid matrix and portals the three generic strategies model the examples that I gave more or less were about organizations which had a strategy to make sure that the end product or the end service that they were offering was successful in terms of the value that it was delivering or in terms of the cost at which they were delivering the product or service or the focused market to which they were delivering that particular product or service was successful in essence these strategies were more aligned towards a single business which had in itself a single product or a service. Now I am just trying to slowly deviate from that business model for which those two strategies were aligned to a new thinking paradigm which introduces the third strategic model namely the core competency which is different from the first two models because it tries to provide a bigger picture a bigger picture that views strategy from a bird's eye view which does not limit the strategy just to be applicable for a single product or a single service but more towards an enabling mechanism which touches various products and various services and it is the ability of organizations to put in place such an enabling mechanism which has the abilities to result in a core product or a core service which finds its place embedded in an end product or an end service which may or may not be delivered by the same organization I will try to explain this further as we go but this is the essence that forms the fundamental basis behind the core competency strategy the core competence of the corporation as written in an article by a great management thought leader CK Prahlad and Gary Hamill in 1990 and this form the basis of the spirit of core competency it tries to identify this synergy that might emerge out of collective learning and coordination of various sets of skills behind a firm's product or service lines and when we are able to do that the core competencies then emerge as the sources of competitive advantage which can create a multiplier effect which multiplies the internal resources and as a result of this multiplier effect the firm can by itself introduce a series of new products or services or will be able to embed its product or services in an array of a range of products and services that are offered by other firms or other organizations but it is this particular firms product or service or the core competence the core competency in a firm that resulted in producing core products or core services which are embedded which are core to a different firms end product or end service that makes the key difference that is the central focus for a core competency so core competency is not about just a product or a service it is about how organizations can develop competencies within themselves that leads to development of various core products and by core products there is a difference between core product and end product that we need to understand core products are not directly sold to end users rather they form the essence of the end product or they are used to build a larger number of end user products for example if you take the semiconductor industry or more specifically the integrated circuits the IC industry. Now for TI that core competency is to as much as possible miniaturize and produce ICs with various functionalities and it is these ICs that get into various other end products in a PC or in consumer electronics or in photography or in videography in various such array of end products the core competence of TI or any leading IC manufacturing organization the core competency of such organization is their ability to make sure that it is their ICs with multiple functionalities and it is the capability of the organization to produce such core products which form the heart of the end product whose application is very diverse then we are talking about core competency. Now it is a corporation whose business units can tap into these few core products and their ability to develop a larger number of end user products themselves or make sure that these core products form the crux for end user products from other organizations and this forms the basis of core competency because it is the core product or a core technology or a core process remember it is not just about a product core competencies can also come out of a core process or a core service attitude or at times even the behavior of people within an organization can be a source of core competence so human resource skills within an organization can be a core competence which results in the formation of core services which ends which terminates into different end services delivered by different organizations and this is true if you can if you if you if you think about consulting companies so a very good mixture and aggregation of skills and competencies that can deliver a set of core products and core services which business units of a given corporation can use to build few end products and end services or the corporation by itself can ensure that these core products and core services are embedded as an integral part of an end product or end service delivered by different organizations so it is not just about a product or a service that we are talking about it is about developing core competencies within a corporation and if I give you this figure you will develop a better understanding of what I am trying to explain an organization a corporation can develop different competencies competency 1 2 3 4 as much as possible as much as it can and that each competence is able to deliver a core product or a core service and if we are talking about a corporate entity or a conglomerate that each business units of the conglomerate is able to tap on to these core products or core services and by themselves are able to deliver end products or end service or these core products or core services form an integral input into a business which can be outside the corporation and using these integral core products and services the organization by itself or a different organization is able to produce an array of end products or services but what is key in the core competency is that the root of the competitive advantage that firms get by delivering these end products or end services do not lie in the end product per se it rather lies in the competency to develop a core product whose value proposition is not restricted within a single product but is able to create a multiplier effect and hence finds this value proposition multiplied in an array of products now that that root of the competitive advantage that comes from the competence that organizations are able to build internally so it is more internal competence which forms the root of this competitive advantage and this is the essence of core competence now it is for organizations to leverage these core competency skills because you find that there is tremendous opportunity and these opportunities the intersection of various such market opportunities with various core competencies that an organization can build you can imagine that it is a matrix where you have different market opportunities and different core competencies and the intersection of these market opportunities and the core competence that forms the basis for launching new businesses and it is our ability to combine these different core competencies in different ways and match them with an emerging market opportunity results in launching an array of businesses or an array of business products and services now if we are not able to identify these core competencies and it is just that large corporations identify business units as individual business units then large corporations just remain as an aggregate of discrete business units and you never know that these discrete business units have individual core competencies and that corporations have missed trying to synergize and leverage these core competencies within individual businesses now the purpose of core competency exercise for larger corporations is to see how core competency is within individual businesses can be glued together so that the large corporation can be viewed as a portfolio of core competencies rather than individual discrete business units so if we need to develop a core competency it stems out from the integration of such unique skills or unique processes which can be from technology so the essence is to integrate as much as possible the multiple technologies are the coordination of diverse production skills in delivering certain set of competencies which form the basis of developing a core product or a core skill or a core service and it is worth an effort to do this exercise if and only if developing such core products or services provides access to a variety of markets outside and that it can contribute significantly to the end product because there is no point in developing a core competency and then the core competency is not very significant value addition when it embeds into the end product and thirdly it must be very difficult for competitors to imitate and it is by and large the experience has been that organizations that have developed this core competency framework have been successfully able to insulate itself from competition because the essence of building a core competency grid lies in the strength of organizations to ensure that it is very difficult for competition to imitate this core competency grid so these are the three if I can say these are the three prerequisites to build a core competency framework for an organization to just reiterate the key core competencies are those that enables the creation of new products and services and that it is able to make a significant value addition to the end user a significant contribution that is perceived by the end user to be of great value addition in essence it tries to identify and ask the question why is that the end user is willing to pay more or less for a particular product or service then the regular question what is the value for which the customer is paying and thirdly as I said before it is the uniqueness in building this core competency and that the uniqueness is so competitive that it should be very difficult for competitors to imitate now at times developing core competency need not be necessarily be expensive either it can be done through alliances or licensing licensing agreements which are low cost or an internal organizational restructuring whereby as I said before instead of viewing a corporation as discrete business entities if we are able to view a corporation and try to share a lot of competencies from different business units this can result in an effective utilization of those competencies and there is no additional cost to it we are not taking over we are not acquiring a new organization to develop core competencies it is just an internal restructure capable of sharing some of the competencies which otherwise we did not see because we did not view this through a core competency lens then we can build core competencies develop core competencies at no additional cost and at times organizations mistake core competency as just you know spending more on R and D to develop core competency or just integrate vertically or sharing cost across business units these are not tools to develop core competency at times organization mistake these as just tools for developing core competency and they end up doing these things actually a core competency is lost if we are integrating vertically or outsourcing them to a third party for example Chrysler versus Honda Honda has its own set of has its own competence to develop engines as against Chrysler which actually outsource this so when you give up this opportunity to establish competency by outsourcing it then you also give up the ability that can evolve within a business existing business to build a core product which can integrate into a multiple line of end products a classic example is when in the 1970s with the conventional CRT televisions a lot of losing popularity a lot of American television makers when came out of that business and now on hindsight they realize with the booming plasma and LCD television market had they stayed into that business develop a core competency in television making they would have come successful same as the case with Motorola they did not build a competency in the storage the DRAM business and said that beyond 256 kb they do not have the ability and did not want to enter into the higher end of this business and today on hindsight the very thought of or in fact they did it they gave up the opportunity to establish a core competency in this business and hence when the business evolved over a period of time today on hindsight they feel that they have missed though being experts themselves when they started off but they missed building these competencies so if you look at the chain of activities it is core competency is to develop and build a particular capability a particular functionality which results in a set of core products or one core product or a core service and the reason that it is core is because that it shapes the evolution of an end product and if we are able to build a number of such core products and able to shape the evolution of a number of such end products then the multiplier effect the success of building a core competency within an organization is multiplied and I will give you more examples for you to understand this it is the ability for core competencies to manifest themselves into one or more core products or services and that manifestation forms a very good link between the competencies and the end product and these core products the reason that they are core product is because they are the ones that actually create the value in the end product for example if you take for example 3M the core competency of 3M is its adhesives and coatings and then you find that it has been used as post-its as trans-dermal patches or in optical films now you find that they are in different product ranges in different business altogether but the core competency of 3M is in developing these adhesives and substrates the next example is Walt Disney the core competency of Walt Disney is to provide entertainment and it could be through direct motion pictures it could be through animatronics it could be through storytelling it could be through even theme parks but the manifestation of the core competency in this case being entertainment and if it is able to put in place a good mechanism that coordinates various skills in providing this entertainment as the core product which manifests itself in different end product namely movies or cartoons or good books then we are talking about core competency or black and decker the core competencies in developing small electric motas which we find being used in a number of applications or cannons laser printer systems or NECs semiconductors this is a classic example that Prahlad and Hamel uses in actually coining this term core competency how NEC versus the GTE how the transformation took place that it was able to build a competency in semiconductor and then revolutionized the consumer electronics market the telecom market the PC manufacturing industry not losing its core competency that it was a semiconductor manufacturing company or Honda whose core competency was to develop just gasoline power engines and powertrains and now you can understand that what I am trying to say is that the core competency means that organizations will tend to develop using a set of skills a set of processes a set of technologies to develop a product or a service so well that it is a core product or service which manifests itself and it is that core product or service that forms the key to add value in the end product or service and if we are able to develop a core product on service in such a way that the manifestation is so diverse then we have a successful core competency strategy in place and that is why you find that Honda's core competency if it is an engines then you find that it is its engines are in automobiles in motorcycles in lawnmowers in generators and whatnot so because of this diversity in manifestation then how do we measure whether the success of core competency because the core product or the service gets hidden in the end product or the service and it is this end product or service that gets sold that gets easily measured in this case actually the firm sell their core products to other firms and using them as the basis for end user products now traditional measures of brand market share is it enough to evaluate the success of core competency not enough because brand market share is usually a qualitative indicator and today we need to evaluate from a quantitative point of view so it is easy to develop a core product share as an appropriate quantitative metric because at times you never know that there are some organizations which have a very low brand share but a high core product share I do not know how many of you know this organization international flavors and fragrances now their core competency is to produce flavors and fragrances and it is these flavors and fragrances that actually forms the core of the end product or service in this case you find them in various dairy products various cakes and confectionaries in the in some of the beauty care products in some perfumes so but nobody knows that this has come from international flavors and fragrances it used to be called Bushbok and Allen so if we are going to measure core competency from brand market share despite the fact IFF being the single largest supplier of this core product to a variety of end product use confectionaries beauty products cakes dairy products but nobody knows this but if we are able to capture the content of the core product in the end product and see how much of this manifestation has been how much can we quantify this manifestation and this we call it as core product share and if the core product share is very high then it is reasonably safe to conclude that the core competency of a firm is this and that it has and the extent to which it has manifested measures the extent to which it has leveraged its core competency skills and once a firm has a successful core product it has to necessarily expand the extent to which this core product is being used so that it gains itself a cost advantage through economies of scale and also economies of scope because it can be used in different end products and services. So what do firms actually do by way of a core competency strategy it tries to reorganize a corporation into a portfolio of such core competencies rather than a portfolio of individual business units as I said before and that the role of business unit managers is to be to develop such company wide core competencies than to just focus on getting immediate end products that reaches the market rapidly and it is the role of a business manager again to ensure that these core competencies are shared across businesses just as every business has a cash allocation budget it is not enough just you are allocating cash for a particular business but if you are able to even allocate and distribute and share core competencies across businesses then you are trying to develop a core competency strategy and more importantly it has to be driven from the top management the reason that it is important is it can be captured from this figure that core competency serves as an important source for competitive advantage because here we are trying to identify different competencies within a firm and using these competencies we are able to provide a core product or a core service which does not end up as an end product but forms an integral part of an end product within a business of a corporation or an end product to another business and the extent to which that these core products and services are able to manifest themselves in different product ranges determines the extent to which we have leveraged the organization has leveraged core competency as an effective strategy so this imagery powerfully drives the message that the roots of competitive advantage can definitely come from building and number of core competencies within an organization which produces a set of core products and services which can be used by various business units and various organizations in delivering their end products and services so this is the essence of core competency of the fourth strategic model that I want to share with you is the blue ocean strategy we finish the answer of we finish the porters three generic strategies and Hamil and Prahlad's core competency the fourth one is about the blue ocean strategy now the blue ocean strategy is again based on a longitudinal a very long study that was done by two insiad business school professors they studied over 30 industries the behavior of over 30 industries over 100 years and studied various strategic moves that these 30 industries did in the last 100 years they studied almost 150 such over 150 such strategic moves and they found that there was a peculiarity the way in which some organizations competed in the market space traditionally we have always believed that companies have engaged in a head-to-head competition to gain competitive advantage and that they do this to gain market share and companies have competed against each other to get that unique value proposition they have competed and struggled to build a differentiation in the product and service that they are delivering but all of them invariably these head-on competition results in these professors own words a bloody red ocean because this competition is within a very defined market space and rivals fighting head-on against each other and the success of one is a failure of the other and you find that there is a shrinking profit pool and over a long period of time these professors asked a questions themselves whether such competition within this red ocean as they call it what is the likelihood that this is going to be sustainable and whether this is going to create profitable growth in the future definitely if there is competition within a very defined market space within restricted boundaries one company grows the other does not and such head-on competitions whether will it give a sustainable profitable growth in the future is a question that these professors wanted to answer and natural instinct is to say no it does not it does not it is very unlikely that this head-on competition within a defined market space is going to give a sustained profitable growth then is there an alternative this alternative forms the blue ocean strategy which is again the result of the behavior of over 30 industries and after analyzing the moves the strategic moves that these industries made Chan Kim Professor Chan Kim and Professor Mabon from the INSEAD Business School coined this new paradigm shift called the blue ocean strategy the fundamental to this blue ocean strategy is to think beyond the existing market space is to think beyond just the conventional competitive rivalry competition between X and Y to think beyond the existing industry in which companies corporate compete is there an alternate emerging industry is there an alternate emerging market space is there a way in which competition need not necessarily be with competitors are we trying to then say that this blue ocean strategy is about creating a new market space creating a new industry creating competition in which or creating a business in which competition is irrelevant actually yes blue ocean strategy is about trying to create a new industry space a new market space trying to make competition itself irrelevant and what it actually means how different organizations took strategic decisions that actually form the cornerstone of this blue ocean strategy and I will try to explain this with some examples for you to better understand and this I will do it in my next class but before I conclude this class again going back to core competency it is better I think it would be good for you to refresh by watching this small video on core competency thank you.


Hey, fellow buddies. Thanks for watching. Okay, so I Feel like I did a bad job of explaining this challenge to you guys. There's been a lot of questions. I also did not send out reminders Very well. So I'm gonna extend the time frame until Friday so you guys have until Friday to get your videos in and I'm gonna go over everything again, and hopefully this will make a little more sense. Oh my goodness I almost forgot to add this part. So I'm gonna split this in somewhere People have been having trouble getting me the video on Facebook. That's been another problem. So The workaround for that is people are trying to send it from their computers and it is not working so what you need to do is you need to save the video to your phone and Send it to me through Facebook messenger. That seems to work had it happen two or three times and That has worked every time so feel free to reach out if you have questions But save it on your phone and send it to Facebook messenger And there's links to my BOLO buddies Facebook groups down in the description and you can find me that way Okay, so I have received probably about 15 videos And I know I've got like five or so that I've heard from people and they're on their way, but some of the concerns Some people were like, I don't know how to pop up those pop-up screen share things You don't have to do that. I've had people that are holding up just like something where they've written their name on it I've had others just say their store name so majority of I'm gonna say There's probably a 50-50 split of youtubers and not youtubers that are participating so far. So that is super cool But I will tell you These BOLOs are awesome and you guys are definitely going to learn so oh So this challenge is called this is my BOLO. I am gonna do another sample video for you guys just to kind of show you what it's supposed to look like and I'm trying to think of the other concerns number one People were unclear about when it was due number two People thought that they could do screenshots, but you actually physically have to hold the item up. So I'm gonna give you guys till Friday. So what today's Monday. So Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Four and a half days four days to get it into me now another reason I'm extending the time is because I am so behind on my videos. I have a Facebook video that is going to be I Should have already done it and I haven't it was where my Facebook group members share their best July BOLO and then I try to get that posted in August and I've been really focusing on getting some stuff listed and kind of put that to the side So I'm gonna try to work on that tonight. Obviously, it's not gonna come out until September at this point, but that's okay so this is a Jumbled mess of a video because I wasn't planning on doing it. I just kind of was like, you know what? I need to extend the time frame let people know Some of you were concerned about it being a challenge the reason I just want to explain why I'm doing it as a challenge is because I Want to get the viewers involved. So If you When you are gonna receive a thrifted prize from everybody that participated that did not win so I'm sorry if that doesn't work for everyone. I may try to do something different in the future. That's not a challenge I will definitely keep that feedback in mind. If you guys have feedback, please put it in the comments I'm always open for suggestions Um So I'm thinking on some stuff. We may do this again May not we're gonna see how it goes see how people Respond to it see if people like it. I'm telling you I love it I have learned so much from you guys and your videos are awesome I mean They're awesome. You guys are gonna love this video if you're just watching Be sure to look for the video that says this is my bolo because these bolos are fantastic Okay, I'm gonna pause this and then I'm gonna restart it so that I can make sure that my video is 60 seconds or less because your video has to be 60 seconds or less you have to hold up the item and um Basically, you just say this is my bolo This is my bolo.  Um, I think that's another thing that's kind of scaring people off Does not have to be big money. It can be a bread and butter item That is easy to find that has a quick sell-through rate Doesn't matter you guys just what I want you to do is I want you to get involved I want you to shout out your ebay store or whatever your selling platform is and I if you have a youtube channel I want you to share that. I just want you guys to get the word out about what you're doing. So, um I'm gonna share about this here in a minute and wait until you guys see it now mine is a big money bolo This is not for the challenge you guys This is just something I sold today and I'm like this works. I can share a big money bolo and Show you guys the video. All right. I'm gonna pause and then I'm gonna make sure my video is 60 seconds Hey bolo buddies, thanks for watching. My name is Courtney also known as bolo buddies And this is my bolo. All right, you guys I forgot to write down how much it sold for I think it was like 148 dollars plus shipping I think all in the buyer was in for like 180 some dollars Now I picked this up at a garage sale for five dollars It is the whoville like who whoville play set And it comes with all of these little pieces And characters. I'm gonna pop it up right here the screen share of what it sold for to give you guys exact numbers And to show you some of the pictures that I included in the listing This is definitely A bolo be on the lookout for and thanks for watching Okay, you guys so that was my video and you did see that I popped up screen shares and stuff like that again Not a requirement. Um Very basic hold the item up tell what you got it for what you paid for it Maybe take some notes and don't do what I did and not write it down. Um But yeah, super cool bolo five bucks at a garage sale And the thing is I didn't even know it was a bolo. So sometimes you just get lucky you find cool things You're like that's cool. I'm gonna buy it. But now You guys will all know about this bolo and I hope that's what you're gonna gain from this video Is a bunch of resellers coming together sharing their bolo items And we're all gonna take it in and learn the people that are watching the viewers are gonna vote And we're gonna spice it up with a little challenge Those people that lose will send the winner a gift and that person will do an unboxing on their channel Which is another super fun thing that everybody can go and watch And again, feel free to put your feedback down in the description. I appreciate feedback Thank you for being here and thanks for watching. Oh I'm gonna do a premiere on my sourcing with bolo buddies channel If I can get this up in time head over there And if I can't definitely check out the replay. All right, you guys. Thanks for watching


Hello and welcome to MIPTV and with me as always is Bob Cook from the Manchester Institute for Psychotherapy and we're on to book review 20 Bob, it's terribly exciting isn't it? Yes, thanks. It seems a long time ago but in other ways it's gone quite quickly and it just shows how many TA books, because they're all TA books, have actually got on my bookshelf and this number 20th is probably the most seminal book of all. It is isn't it? And I mean people will gather by looking at the title what the book is but some of the interesting facts around it is that it's a book that gained popularity yes in the psychotherapeutic community, but it became a very mainstream read for people outside the world of counselling the psychotherapy. Yeah, that's right. And the book's called I'm Okay You're Okay by Tom Harris in 1972. He was a disciple of the original author of transaction analysis which was of course Eric Byrne who wrote the first book in 1961. And this sort of popular book came along 11 years later and a very accessible paperback with a wonderful title I think I'm Okay You're Okay, very positive and one of the most healthy of existential life positions but I think what really set it apart was the accessibility of the language which really meant people could understand that model very easily. Yes and when I read it, and I read it a long time before I was involved in the world of counselling psychotherapy it made so much sense, but it does really link it to Byrne's idea of making therapy accessible to the common person using plain language and not kind of pseudo scientific terms. So it is in that tradition a Byrne's philosophy really isn't it? Absolutely and his idea of existential life positions I'm Okay You're Okay being the most healthy one of course that we should aim for is not only a wonderful idea but of course a very enlightening and powering idea. Yeah it is, it's a very hopeful humanistic position and I know in the preamble before we hit the record button you were saying that it's a very humanistic view of the human condition. Which may surprise some people being it's linked to a psychoanalytical perspective. In a way but you know if we think of Carl Rogers and I know you know a lot more about him probably than me being you know teaching person-centered therapy and theory but of course his whole position around self-actualization meeting the core conditions is very in the sort of world of I'm Okay You're Okay. Absolutely it is it's definitely on the same page. I'd agree with you there Bob. I always thought I had a tutor actually gave a copy of a book to a client and I thought yeah one of my tutors when I was being taught mentioned she'd given a copy to a client. So I always thought there was a big self-help kind of component to this book where people could read it and to some extent start to kickstart their own process. Yeah and it goes through the basic theories of transaction analysis Eager State, Games, Rackets and Script in a very practical way and it's also been a philosophical touch to transaction analysis. As I said visiting the existential positions the most healthy I'm okay you're okay then you've got I'm okay you're not okay which is more of the paranoid position then I'm not okay you're okay which is more of the withdrawn position and then of course the most futile position of all which is I'm not okay you're not okay and we visit all those positions I think generally very you know very very much through the week or through the day or how we structure time but the most healthy position of course to aim for is I'm okay you're okay which is the title of that book. Absolutely and I always thought it was a super way of teaching on a very basic level attachment theory I'm okay you're okay is a healthy attachment I'm okay you're not okay is avoiding dismissive you're okay I'm not okay is ambivalent and of course I'm not okay you're not okay is disorganized attachment the work of Maynes and Solomon and it's a really I thought it was a really straightforward way of on a very basic level teaching what attachment styles are and as a way of personal self-awareness and also teaching it with with others very useful teaching aid I would imagine Bob. Very much so and it's a very again I'm going on about this point but I think it is the hallmark of this book it's very accessible and you can give this book to clients very easy to read in a paperback very short which isn't long it's only about a hundred pages I think and it goes through the parent adult child model very succinctly very simply and has a first philosophical easy accessible template so you know teachers used it business people used it and it was within the best seller of the hundred best sellers in America for years and years and years and that fact if you looked it up now I think this book would still be very high in the most popular books sold in the world wide in fact and I would also support be I would bet this that if you talk to most transactionalists or people are interested in the world of psychotherapy per se depending even depending on what model they came from they have either read this book or it's on the bookshelf absolutely it's on my bookshelf behind me I've got I've got a very very early yellow copy of it very which I think about I bought for 50p a bing and bye but there you go it's such an available book it's affordable as well so fantastic as always you know Bob is not being sponsored by Thomas Harris if he's still alive or the book company this is Bob just sharing his love of literature and as always we'll put a link to the book where you can buy it from a book seller in the link below and at the end of the video we'll put a little picture up just to remind everybody what the format of the book is like so I'm okay you're okay Thomas Harris what a fantastic book to have for the 20th broadcast and there's always Bob Cook thank you very much you're welcome thank you