adds her to during the podcast that are not in my voice or placed by third-party agencies outside of my control and should not imply an endorsement by Weird Darkness or myself. Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and is intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised. There are many who insist that while his life ended violently in July 1948, Bernie Shelton simply refused to depart from this world. The criminal empire of his family came to an end, but Bernie did not end with it. I'm Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Welcome Weirdos, I'm Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Here you'll find stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, the strange and bizarre, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre, unsolved and unexplained. Coming up in this episode... Want to be sure you'll have a paranormal experience? Simply walk into a known haunted house to spend a few nights, all the while saying out loud, I don't believe in no dang ghosts. That's what did it for one woman. How would you react if your two-year-old came running into the room saying he's scared of a creepy image of a man in the mirror? An innocent game of hide and seek at their grandparents' house turns into terror when the paranormal decides to play too. Three children left for a sunny day at a South Australian beach were never heard from again. American Airlines Flight 191 crashed in 1979, killing everyone on board, and it left something of the paranormal once the debris was cleared. But first, on July 26, 1948, infamous Illinois gangster Bernie Shelton, by then acting leader of the Shelton Brothers gang, was shot to death at the Parkway Tavern, a roadhouse that he owned outside of Peoria. For years later, Bernie's ghost was said to haunt the Tavern, unable to move on after a lifetime of violence, murder, and regret. We begin there. If you're new here, welcome to the show. While you're listening, be sure to check out WeirdDarkness.com for merchandise, to visit sponsors you hear about during the show, sign up for my newsletter and our contests. Connect with me on social media. Listen to my other podcasts like Retro Radio, Old Time Radio in the Dark, Church of the Undead, and a classic 1950s sci-fi style podcast called Auditory Anthology. Listen to free audiobooks I've narrated, plus you can visit the Hope in the Darkness page if you're struggling with depression, dark thoughts, or addiction. You can find all of that and more at WeirdDarkness.com.  During the Prohibition Era, the Shelton Brothers, Carl, Earl, and Bernie, farm boys from Wayne County who established a profitable enterprise supplying alcohol to area saloons and roadhouses, first fought on the side of gangster Charlie Berger against law enforcement and the Ku Klux Klan, and then fought against him in a war for the Southern Illinois liquor market. By the time the dust of Prohibition had cleared, the Shelton's had established themselves in East St. Louis. They continued with their gambling, prostitution, and liquor business until a sheriff drove them out, unfortunately making room for mob organizers to turn the city into a major gambling spot. The Shelton's then moved north to Peoria, which they found to be much more hospitable. During the late 1930s, they established themselves and began an operation that comprised most of the illegal rackets in downstate Illinois. In those days, Peoria was a city that welcomed vice with open arms. It was a place that offered a safe haven for gamblers and prostitutes, and a good number of the residents took advantage of the city's tolerance for gambling dens and brothels. When Carl Shelton established the brothers' operations there, illegal wagering was welcomed with open arms, especially by politicians and police who saw it as a great way to make a little extra money for themselves. Not surprisingly, the Shelton's soon became immune to prosecution. By the 1940s, the Shelton's were making more money than ever before, but it only lasted for so long. The brothers lost their hold on Peoria after the 1945 elections. A new reform mayor, Carl O. Treble, came into office and began cracking down on gambling, prostitution, and anything else that stained the reputation of the city. Just before he took office, Treble held a meeting with Carl Shelton and informed him of his plans. When Shelton realized that Treble meant business, he shrugged and simply said, well, I guess that'll give me more time to farm. Treble, who also owned farmland, sat with Shelton for almost 30 minutes, talking about agriculture. Then they shook hands and Carl left his office, never to see the new mayor again. He really did want to retire to his farm and oil interests in Wayne County. Peoria was now off limits to gambling, but the county wasn't. After Carl retired, his brother Bernie stepped in and announced that he planned to run things his way. Bernie was a rough, violent brawler with a terrible temper that struck fear in the hearts of friends and foes alike. He knew which county officials to bribe, got rid of any lingering competition, and moved to Shelton Gang headquarters from downtown Peoria to Parkway Tavern, an unimposing bar on Farmington Road just outside the city limits. The Shelton's were now running numerous gambling operations all over rural central Illinois, but this didn't stop rival gangsters from trying to move in on their territory. After years of a hands-off policy toward the Shelton's, the Chicago outfit finally decided to curb the independence that had been given to them. The outfit instructed their St. Louis emissaries to offer the Shelton's a deal that would bring them peacefully into the syndicate. If that didn't work, the outfit certainly had other methods at their disposal. Methods that became necessary when the Shelton's refused to deal. After taking over operations in St. Louis, the outfit inherited the services of a number of gangsters who had formerly worked with the Shelton's. Two of the most prominent were Blackie Arms and Frank Buster Wirtman. The defection of Arms and Wirtman occurred in the early 1940s after the end of their prison incarceration for assaulting federal agents during a raid on a still in Collinsville in 1933. When the two were inmates at Alcatraz, the outfit managed to make things more bearable for them on the inside, which earned their loyalty. In addition, when the two were released from prison, they claimed that Carl Shelton did nothing for them. Wirtman soon went on to build an empire for himself in southwestern Illinois, but Arms was gunned down in a nightclub in Heron in late 1944. Wirtman soon circulated that either Carl or Bernie was worth $10,000 to anyone who brought them to Chicago alive, but no one could get close to the Shelton's who refused all contact with both St. Louis and Chicago gangsters. Soon the reward was changed. It was still $10,000, but it was now for either of the Shelton's, dead or alive. By the reward, a gang of Chicago gunmen set a trap to ambush Carl and Bernie at the Parkway Tavern. Carl got wind of the plans, though, and several carloads of Shelton gunmen showed up at the bar instead of the brothers. The outfit gunmen soon returned to Chicago, but they or someone else with murderous intentions toward the Shelton's would be back. In 1946, a number of Shelton associates were slaughtered. Frank Kramer, a slot machine operator and Tavern owner was shot to death by an unknown gunman in February. Seven months later, the body of Joel Neiberg, who worked as muscle for the Shelton's, was found shot to death on a local golf course. A month after that, Philip Stumpf, another slot machine operator, was gunned down while driving home from a bar on Big Hollow Road. With each murder, the level of protection afforded the Shelton's grew smaller, and when the killing went unanswered, many came to believe that the Shelton's were unable to defend their friends. More defections followed, but the Shelton's continued their operations defying the St. Louis and Chicago gangsters. Carl's defiance didn't last much longer. On October 23, 1947, he was shot to death on his farm in Wayne County, outside of Fairfield. The killer was never identified. In addition to outfit gangsters, Carl was also feuding with some of his neighbors, so the suspect list was long, but the murder remains unsolved to this day. Many suspected that Carl's death would close down the Shelton's operations, but they were wrong. They did shutter some of their operations in southern Illinois, but remained strong in Peoria, where Bernie was still running the family's gaming enterprises in the same way that he'd always been. He made it widely known that he was in firm control of the area and actually planned to expand the operation across central Illinois. This news caused a ripple of unrest among the Chicago and St. Louis gangsters, who had taken it for granted that the Shelton's would crumble after the death of Carl. They approached Bernie with offers of peace, but he rebuffed their advances. The outfit's response was predictable. Bernie had been a marked man before Carl's death, and the reward that had been offered for his life was still very much available. The outfit wanted someone to collect it. Throughout the early months of 1948, Bernie showed no signs of backing down. He continued his operations, kept up his payoffs to those who offered political protection, and made sure that he stayed very visible to those who might have some idea of moving in on his business. However, it was a tavern brawl that almost tripped him up. Bar fights were old bad habits for Bernie. He was lucky to have escaped prison time in the late 1930s after beating and shooting a man named Frank Zimmerman during a fight in Akihokia Bar. The fight at the Parkway Tavern on Memorial Day in 1948 would turn out to be much more serious. The fight reportedly started when Richard Murphy, a Navy veteran from Peoria, began mouthing off about the ejection of a drunken patron from the bar. A fist fight started in the parking lot, resulting in Murphy being pummeled by Bernie and a couple of his men. What account from witnesses claimed that they pistol whipped the man? During the fight, A. L. Hunt, the proprietor of a popular drive-in that was located across Farmington Road from the tavern, came over to try and break things up. Hunt, who was no friend of Shelton's, claimed that Bernie shoved a pistol into his back and marched him back across the road with dire warnings about minding his own business. As a result of the brawl, a Peoria County grand jury returned indictments against Bernie and the other two men for assault with intent to kill. A felony. The bar fight might have been dismissed by most as a minor altercation, but not by the man who led the grand jury investigation, Roy P. Hall, the state's attorney for Peoria County. In the Illinois primary elections of that year, Hall had been defeated in his bid for nomination for re-election to his post in the upcoming November election. One of those who helped to oppose Hall had been Bernie Shelton, which did not sit well with Hall. As a result, the indictment would plague Shelton for the rest of his life, a life that was soon to come to an end. The first attempt on Bernie's life was to have occurred while he was on his way to Muscatine, Iowa to sell some horses. Two cars filled with gunmen had waited for him along a highway near Galesburg, but Bernie never showed. By chance, he took another route to Muscatine and thwarted the plan. The next attempt to kill him was planned for July 26th. Bernie left his home at 10 am on that hot Monday morning and drove to the Parkway Tavern to meet with a bartender named Alex Ronitus. Shelton wanted the bartender to follow him to a Peoria auto agency where he planned to leave his car for some work. Ronitus would then return Shelton to the Tavern. Shelton spent about 45 minutes handling some paperwork in his private office and then he and Ronitus started to walk out together. However, Ronitus stepped back into the bar to get a pack of cigarettes, leaving Shelton to walk alone to his sedan in the parking lot. Bernie was unaware that, as he approached the car, he was in clear view of a man who was hiding in the brush at the bottom of a wooded hill behind the Parkway. The man had a 351 caliber Winchester automatic rifle in his hands and he fired a single shot. The bullet slammed into Bernie's chest and he fell forward, slumped against his car. Witnesses later stated that they saw a well-dressed man run from the brush and jump into a green Chevrolet which drove quickly away. Ronitus was about to open the Tavern door and come outside when he heard the rifle shot. After hesitating for a few seconds he opened the door and saw Bernie kneeling next to his car. Ronitus started to move toward him but Shelton waved him back. He held the door open as Bernie stumbled across the parking lot and into the Tavern. He heaved himself onto a bar stool and told Ronitus and another bartender, Edward Connor, I've been shot from the woods. He was bleeding badly from a chest wound. Connor called for an ambulance and when it arrived, Bernie insisted on walking to it on his own power. He collapsed on a stretcher inside and was driven to St. Francis Hospital. When he arrived in the emergency room, he asked an attendant to remove his shoes and his trousers, predicting he was going to die. And he did just a few minutes later. As with the killing of Carl Shelton, Bernie's murder was never solved. The assassin had discarded his rifle while making his escape and a cartridge from the fatal bullet was found lying in the grass. The rifle was subjected to fingerprint and ballistic tests but they offered no information. The death of Bernie Shelton brought an end to the era of the gang in Peoria. It also led to the end of the Shelton gang itself or what was left of it in Illinois. Talk was heard about some of the Shelton's most trusted men continuing the operations but it never amounted to anything. After Bernie's death, Earl, the last of the feared Shelton boys, was reluctant to venture too far away from Fairfield. As it turned out though, trouble came looking for him.  After his house burned down, he and his family left Illinois for good. In 1951, they moved to Florida and settled in Jacksonville, a favorite hangout for the Shelton's during the bootlegging days. While the lives and crimes of the Shelton brothers became a part of the legends and lore of Illinois history, the story of Bernie Shelton became another part of Illinois lore altogether. There are many who insist that while his life ended violently in July 1948, he simply refused to depart from this world. The criminal empire of the Shelton's came to an end but Bernie did not end with it. For the next 50 years, his ghost was reported to haunt the Parkway Tavern. Numerous staff members and customers claimed to have eerie encounters with his powerful presence. They spoke of incidents involving opening and closing doors and staff members who felt they were being watched. The haunting continued until 1998 when a gathering at the Tavern convinced the restless spirit to move on. Bernie Shelton was finally gone and the infamous gangster finally had the chance to rest in peace, whether he deserved it or not. Coming up, three children left for a sunny day at a South Australian beach were never heard from again. Plus, want to be sure you'll have a paranormal experience? Simply walk into a known haunted house to spend a few nights all the while saying out loud, I don't believe in no dang ghosts. That's what did it for one woman. These stories and more when Weird Darkness returns.  If that feeling transfers to your taste buds as well, I've got some great news for you. Weird dark roast nutty mummy coffee. Wrap your taste buds around this medium dark roast blend with shrouds of almond, honey, and chocolate. Each bag of nutty mummy is exclusive to Weird Darkness and is roasted to order. Then bandaged, I mean bagged specifically for you to ensure a maximum freshness for you, your mummy, and anyone else you share it with. Intomb your old coffee and bring your taste buds back from the dead with Weird Dark Roast Nutty Mummy at WeirdDarkness.com slash coffee. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash coffee. Glen Elg is a popular seaside suburb in Adelaide, South Australia. The town's sunny beaches provide relief from the urban bustle, and crowds come to relax there during the summer months. But on one bright day in January, darkness gathered in Glen Elg's shores. It was Australia Day, January 26th, 1966, and scorching hot in Adelaide. The boom on children were en route to the beach for a day's swim. Jane, the oldest at age 9, was responsible for her younger siblings, Arna, age 7, and Grant, age 4. The siblings had boarded a public bus at 10am for a 5-minute ride to the beach, a trip they completed only yesterday. Their mother Nancy spent the morning with her friend while her husband Jim was at work. Nancy told her children to return home by 2pm for lunch. When the scheduled time came and went, Nancy assumed her children simply missed the bus. But when the next bus arrived and the children were nowhere to be seen, the mother grew concerned. She called the police soon thereafter. The following day, the Beaumont children were officially declared missing. Beachgoers who spotted the Beaumonts on the fateful morning of their disappearance claimed the children left the beach around 10.15am. The next sighting occurred approximately 45 minutes later. A geriatric woman said she saw the Beaumont children playing near a sprinkler. According to this witness, however, someone else was present at playtime, a blonde man with a trim billed who was dressed in a blue swimsuit. At first, this mystery man had been lying on the ground watching the children play. Soon thereafter, however, the blonde man got up and joined the Beaumonts in their revelry. The children were next seen at a nearby cake shop at approximately 11.45am. Here they purchased sweets and paid for the treats with a one-pound bill. For authorities, this was the first serious clue that something was awry. The children's parents did not send them off with that much money. Someone must have joined them and provided the cash. The final sighting came courtesy of a local postman who was familiar with the Beaumont family. He claimed he saw the children at approximately 3pm walking along Jetty Road away from the beach. According to his witness, the Beaumont siblings appeared in good spirits. The youngsters even stopped to say hi. Authorities did not suspect the postman of misleading them, yet they were puzzled by the late afternoon timestamp, as it clashed with the order of prior sightings. They considered the possibility that the postman had misremembered the time of this sighting and that it actually occurred earlier in the day. In either case, after the postman's reported encounter, the children's trail went cold. The disappearance of the Beaumonts children stunned Australia and triggered one of the largest missing persons investigations in the nation's history. Drowning was ruled out, as all their belongings were also missing. An appeal from Jim Beaumont was broadcast on national TV. Authorities followed every lead, but every lead led to nowhere. Even paranormal investigators were called in for assistance. Gerard Quaissette, a renowned Dutch parapsychologist and psychic, was flown to Australia from the Netherlands. His visit caused a media circus. Quaissette claimed his sixth sense led him to a warehouse where he believed the bodies were buried. The warehouse's owners, reluctant at first to participate, finally raised $40,000 to have the building demolished. An excavation commenced, but no bodies were found. Some two years after the disappearance, the Beaumont parents received a series of mysterious letters, claiming the children were being held captive. The anonymous author said that he would return the children at a designated time and place. Ecstatic, the Beaumonts traveled to the pre-arranged spot only to be met by no one. A second letter arrived shortly thereafter, stating that because an undercover detective had been present, the author withheld the children and would now keep them forever. 25 years later, forensic analysis concluded the letters were a hoax. The investigation remains open to this day. A $1 million reward is offered still to anyone with information that might crack the case. Over 50 years later, the question remains, what happened to the three Beaumont children that one hot day at the beach? The old house looked fine in the day, sitting far removed from any signs of civilization, although the city of Cincinnati, Ohio was just across the river. The long twisting driveway wound its way up a hill that was guarded by bushes and trees that had been planted some 200 years previously when the first horticulturist in America carved his home on this high hill in Indiana. At least that's what I was told as we made our way to see my mom's sister and her husband. I took everything with a grain of salt that had to do with Aunt June, for she was something of a character, as were all of my mother's siblings, but Uncle Kirk seems a reasonable and practical man, and he had never disagreed when Aunt June told the family of doors slamming and windows opening of their own accord. Uncle Kirk was a carpenter and had been hired as a caretaker to the three-story house and tended 50-plus acres that surrounded the lonesome abode. It was a well-built home, and upon entering the large foyer with its parquet floor, one could tell it had been erected by someone with taste and enough money for every modern convenience that was available back in the day, including a cistern on the third floor that had fed water to the bathroom on the second floor and the kitchen on the first floor. A grand staircase was to the left of that foyer that led to the second story where the original owners had two bedrooms that were separated with 10-foot tall pocket doors. Husband and wife having connecting bedrooms was not uncommon in their time. Another large bedroom lay across the hall, and the only bathroom completed that floor. A smaller staircase led to the third floor, which housed five smaller bedrooms and the cistern. At the back was a narrow and steep staircase that turned and wound down to the kitchen for one of the bedrooms next to the cistern room was for the servants originally, and back then one did not wish to see the maid or cook in the front of the house. In the foyer and past the three floor to ceiling windows that shown on the patterned floor was a huge door that opened into the grand reception room. Light streamed in and shown on the scroll work on the wooden door jams. To the left was another large door which was the dining room. A serving nook which housed the china, cutlery, glasses, pitchers, and linens led into the kitchen from the dining room. Back in the reception slash living room and straight ahead was another parlor that my aunt and uncle used as a bedroom. I had heard a few stories prior to my visit, but being a worldly 20-year-old rolled my eyes as I listened to my aunt tell mother as she pointed to the living room door that it refused to stay open and how she had propped it open with a 10-pound bag of potatoes so she could haul groceries into the kitchen only to find on her last trip through that the door was shut and the potatoes flung across the room. I listened with boredom as she described the owner's visit the year before when he discussed his plans to turn the acreage into a golf course and making the house a country club. Aunt June went on to relate how the noises started that night. Voices moaning as if in pain throughout the night and the rattling of chains, she said. Kirk can't hear them, but he's deaf as a post after he takes his hearing aids out. I got used to the noise and told them it was out of my hands, go haunt the owner if they were that upset. June, a handsome woman who looked much younger than her 65 years, shook her blonde locks at the memory, but her smile waned when we went into the kitchen. But I tell you, she continued, I lost patience when I was in here cooking one evening when looked like blood began trickling down the walls.  They did the noise continued for two weeks until the owner returned and told us the financing for the golf course plans fell through. The noises stopped that day. We were shown upstairs to the second floor where mother took the bedroom on the east side. The fireplace on the southern wall was still operational, but she wouldn't need it this last summer night. A brass bed, brightly bedecked with one of grandmother's cheery quilts, sat upon an oval braided rug that was at least nine foot in diameter at its largest point. June pointed at the carpet. This is the rug that nearly killed Cousin Evie, she said. Cousin Evie was an incredibly large and loud woman. I tried to avoid her since the age of eight when she had cursed at me for being a rude little girl when I had passed on the offer to be allowed to rub her feet, so I hit a secret smile that a cheerful rug had almost broken her neck. June continued, Kirk and I were bringing up her suitcase as she lumbered along behind us, yelling out, I'm not afraid of any old dang ghosts. And she wasn't until she got up to use the bathroom in the middle of the night and tripped over something. I heard the crash and her crying out and got up here as fast as I could to see what the fuss was about. I flipped on the lights and there she was, laid out like a walrus on ice and under her was that rug, rolled up and lying two feet from the bed. Something had picked her bed up, pulled that rug out and rolled it into a Cousin Evie landmine. Even if we had wanted to do it, can you imagine me and Kirk lifting about 300 pounds and a bed without waking her? Let me tell you, she left here with a sprained ankle and a new belief in ghosts. She showed the bathroom, which was the size of most modern-day bedrooms, and pointed to the large window with wide wood trim. It was open. Don't bother trying to close it, she said. They won't leave it shut. See these nails? She pointed to four nails that were at least five inches long.  Next morning, we found them laid out on the floor. They're still straight. There ain't any way someone could have pried them out without bending them. They were indeed straight, but the heads showed marks of a hammer. We went outside and walked the grounds. The sun beginning to lower as the stone home looked benevolently over us and other things were discussed. The ghosts forgotten until the sun disappeared over the horizon and the house took on an oppressive look. I slipped out after dinner to sneak a cigarette and looked up at the silhouette of the grand home. I almost decided to sleep in mother's car, but shook off the foreboding and decided to go to my room for the night, which was the room designed for the first lady of the house. My aunt, for whatever quirk, had placed a bed against the fireplace, which had been boarded up, but it did give the look of a headboard, for there was none on this bed which just sat on a frame. I had a view that led into the master bedroom for the pocket doors were open, as were the windows to the west for air circulation. I read for a while, then switched the lamp off and rolled to my stomach, my preferred way of sleeping. I could sleep upon my sides, but never ever had been able to sleep prone upon my back, so I was confused when I awoke sometimes later by a pain in my wrists. Attention or twisting had awoken me, and I discovered I was flat on my back, with arms straight above me, my palms pressed against the plywood that sealed the fireplace off. I didn't panic, although my first thought was that something or someone was trying to pull me into the chimney. Before I could pull my hands back down, I knew something was staring into the window off to the left. It was floating there, and all I would have to do was turn my eyes and see what was there, but I sensed that if I did, life would never be normal again. So I laid there, motionless, while whatever it was silently cajoled me to cast an eye its way.  But I knew, if I did, it wanted to climb into my soul. I stared at the ceiling and repeated what Mother had said to Aunt June's story of Cousin Eve, greater a sea who was in me than he who was in the world. Until, after what felt like several years, but was more like five minutes, I felt things slowly give up the ghost and depart whereupon my arms relaxed. I did not roll over on my stomach. I sat upright and clutched my pillow until dawn in a protective ball. I was in the kitchen before anyone else the next morning, and Mother finally breezed in, smiling and cheerful after a pleasant night past in blissful unawareness of the entity lurking around the second floor trying to steal our daughter's soul. I volunteered to drive the three home and raced down the driveway. I did not care that Mother was oblivious. Aunt June was pragmatically accepting. Uncle Kirk stoic and resigned because Cousin Eve and I knew the truth. Something evil dwelt there. After hearing my tale, my dad expressed interest in visiting to see for himself the haunted house high on the horticulturist's hill. But before we had an opportunity, Uncle Kirk, upon leaving early one morning for a carpentry job, discovered a burning car hidden under some trees halfway up the drive with a young woman inside. She had been kidnapped, taken to the property where her abductor raped, murdered, then set her on fire. The papers reported he chose that spot because he had always felt drawn to it. I almost saw the thing that drew him there and was relieved my aunt and uncle moved out shortly thereafter. Dad would have to comfort himself with nothing more than second-hand tales and the occasional visit from Cousin Eve. When Weird Darkness returns, how would you react if your two-year-old came running into the room saying he was scared of a creepy image of a man in the mirror? Also, an innocent game of hide-and-seek at their grandparents' house turns terrifying when the paranormal decides to play too. Plus, I'll share an excerpt from the audiobook The Black-Eyed Kids that I had the pleasure to narrate. These stories are coming up. The first letter seemed harmless enough, possibly even just a result of a mistaken delivery. The second one drew concern, and paired with the unexplained visions of something darkly unsettling, Sam Morris finally caves. The everyman safe world he lives in is about to take a drastic and dark turn. He quickly falls into a world of insanity, the morbid and the macabre. He's drawn into a darkness that is just as deadly as it is mysterious, a darkness that dwells in a house that could only be conjured up by a mad brain. It is a house that calls you, a house that haunts you with its ghosts. They'll scratch and claw through your fragile hide, bringing madness bubbling to the surface. Come see the ghosts for yourself, if you dare. Weird Darkness Publishing presents of A Mad Brain by Scott Donnelly, now available on paperback, ebook, and audiobook versions through Amazon and WeirdDarkness.com. So, I've lived in the same house to the current date, and we've had some strange things happen. I can only recall a few that I've experienced personally and can still remember as some of them happened when I was very young. To start from the beginning, I remember my mom telling me that when I was between one and two years old, I'd be playing with my toys in the living room, being quite happy and content. And then, after a while, I would run to her, scared, asking if she sees the man in the mirror. She couldn't see anyone, but I refused to play in that room for a while. Eventually, I'd go back in, play, and see the man again, and go find my mom. From what she's told me, this went on for months. Also, around that time, we'd experienced doors being open that weren't supposed to be, windows open, which we would close only to find them open again. Eventually, it all came to an end on its own, as far as I know. I think we did have a pastor come pray over our house, but I don't know if anything else was done. My dad, on a few occasions, woke up in the middle of the night and saw a shadow figure at the front of the bed. He never did anything, but it wasn't a pleasant feeling. Being sensitive to spiritual things is not exactly my thing. I don't know if that's because of my logical nature and searching for a rational explanation or not, but my dad has said about feeling some disturbing presence in this house from time to time. Now, on to that time that I did have an experience. Remember it and even tried to find an explanation for it. When I was about 13, I remembered for a few months whenever we'd leave the house and come back there would be red markings on the wall that looked like a liquid was splattered on it and left to run down the wall. The first few times we didn't think much of it, but it kept happening and I noticed a pattern of it always being in the hallway. One day, before we left, I checked the wall to make sure it was clean. We left and when we returned, the marks were there again. So the dog was inside, so I thought maybe the dog cut herself somehow or got something on her fur and maybe walked against the wall. So the next time we were about to leave, I checked the wall and made sure the dog was outside so that there was nothing in the house that could put the red marks on the wall. We came back and they were there again. I didn't know what was causing it, but it too eventually went away. A few years later, I remember sitting in my room which is at the front part of the house and I remember what sounded like someone starting a chainsaw right outside my window. At first, I thought someone was trying to break in and throw all the rules about being quiet out the window, so me and my dad got some weapons and went outside to check it out. The sound had stopped shortly after it started, but when we went outside, we couldn't find anything disturbed. No footprints or oil residue from the chain running. Strangely enough, our neighbor was sitting on their front porch right across the street from our house and we asked him if he heard or saw anything. He said he heard something like a chainsaw but didn't see anyone. As of right now, my family is in the middle of a move into a house that is over a hundred years old, so I'll update you on any strange occurrences once we've moved in. When I was a young girl, I stayed with my grandparents often. I had a lot of friends on her block and we'd play in and out of Grandma's house all the time. My grandmother's house was built at the top of a small hill. It was arranged so that if you looked at it from the street, it would look like a small single-story home. But if you were in the backyard looking at the house, you could see the main level and the windows in the basement level of the house. On the sides of the house, there were only a couple of small windows on the basement level and if you were inside the house, they were at ceiling level in my grandmother's laundry room. If you were outside looking in, you had to crouch down and look in the window, just barely above the ground. When my friends would come over, one of our favorite games to play was hide and seek.  Usually one of my friends, most likely the neighbor boy Tyler, would outlaw hiding inside the house as he didn't like going in there. Grandma and Papa had a tendency to stop any kid coming through the room they were in and making them have a conversation that would get them caught early on in the game. One day, we were playing hide and seek and Tyler had forgotten to say anything about not hiding inside so when it was his turn, I ran in the back door down the stairs and into the laundry room. It was the perfect hiding place. If anyone came inside, I could hear them coming down the stairs and hide in the small space behind the washing machine that no one ever looked in. If they stayed outside, I could watch for feet running past in the tall window. To see out this window, I had to climb on top of an old long dresser that Grandma kept in the basement for storage and then I had to stand up on my tiptoes and hold the bottom of the window sill and still I could only peek over the edge of the window frame. It was really high up for a little kid.  So up the stairs I went and out the back door then around to the front so I could keep my perfect spot a secret. About that time, two of my friends got called home for dinner and just left me and Tyler. He said he wanted to try one more round before he went home, even if it was just the two of us. So I said, I would be it and he went to hide. Tyler was younger than me by a few years and much shorter. He was the younger brother of one of my friends, but he was always playing with us, so he was just another one of the group. He went to hide and after counting to 20, I went in search of him. After checking all the spots that he could reach and waving high to my grandpa who was working in the garage, I moved around to the side of the house and peeked in the windows out of habit. There, pressed fully up against the glass was a man's face. His eyes were completely red and his hair was solid black. His hair was in a crazy mess all around his face as if he had been pulling at it.   It was almost like he was laughing at me in a crazy way.  I jumped up and ran down the hill into the backyard as fast as I could. I almost ran into Tyler when I jumped behind a large tree in the backyard and I sat there for a minute, unable to talk. Finally, I told Tyler what I had seen in the window.  I said the grandpa was in the garage out front, so he said he would go look into the window and see if he saw anything. We walked back up to the window together. Nothing was there now. Tyler convinced me to go in the house and down to the basement with him to check the room. I didn't really want to, but he kept egging me on until I agreed. We went down into the basement together and there was nothing in the room. To this day Tyler still doesn't believe me that I saw anything in that window, but whatever it was it had to be big because when we went down those stairs we found the laundry room all normal except grandma's old storage dresser pushed up against the wall on the opposite side of the room. Whoever had looked out that window at me had to have been nine feet tall or had been floating in midair. I never went back down into that basement again, but I never went anywhere even close to that window. It all began innocently enough. A reader submitted a story to my True Ghost Stories website at My Haunted Life 2 about an encounter with black-eyed children. I read this story with a growing sense of unease and horror. There isn't much that scares me these days, but this story had me thinking about being alone at night and hearing that knock at my door. I was tingling with a nauseating mixture of fear and fascination reading the submission. I had heard about black-eyed kids, or B.E.K. for short, of course. It was an urban myth, I thought, and one that seemed to be distinctly American in origin. I posted the story and traffic to the website grew tenfold overnight. It seems I wasn't the only one creeped out by the story as it went viral on social media, shared and shared again. Then, story after story started to flood in about B.E.K. and black-eyed people. Many of these encounters seemed to follow a well-worn and similar format to the first submission. Here is that first submission. A few months ago I visited my mother in Amarillo. She lives in a nice area that has a good reputation. I was expecting to have a nice vacation and spend some quality time with her as she is getting older. We spent the afternoon together, and that evening she went to bed. I wasn't tired, so I decided to watch some TV and catch up with my friends on Facebook. About an hour later there was a knock on the door. I was a little taken aback at this area was normally dead after ten. I went into the kitchen to try and look out to see who was at the door. The knocking was persistent. It wasn't like the average elder visit where a knock would be followed by silence. This was a constant tap, tap, tap.  Two teenagers stood there. One looked around fourteen, the other around sixteen. I instantly wondered if they were at the wrong house as I was the only person under thirty in my family. There was no possible reason for these kids to be here. They said nothing, so I asked them what they wanted. The older one told me that he was sorry for waking me up, but wanted to come in and use the phone. He explained that they had been left in the area by their parents and needed to call someone. As he finished speaking he just stared at me. When I saw his eyes I couldn't tear myself away. They were completely black, just black. I couldn't break away from his gaze. I had a huge urge to just stand back and let them in. As we stood there staring at each other he started talking again. This time he wasn't asking. He was demanding that I let him in. The facade was gone. Whatever he wanted would only take a few moments and then they would leave. He wanted me to let him in and help him. I broke my eyes away and realized that I was actually stepping backwards. I hurriedly told them to get off the porch and find help elsewhere. I closed the door with them still standing there and heading towards the phone. I called the police and told them that there were a couple of kids in the area who seemed to be up to no good. They told me later that they did a thorough check but didn't find anything. No one else in the area had seen them either. My mother hadn't even heard them or the knocking. When I told her about it she just dismissed it as the youth of today with poor manners. She didn't see their eyes. I felt absolutely terrified and I felt at odds with their will. I think they meant to do me harm. Has anyone else had experience with black-eyed kids? Up next, American Airlines Flight 191 crashed in 1979, killing everyone on board, and it left something of the paranormal once the debris was cleared. That story, when Weird Darkness returns. I'm a man of habits. Okay, truth be told, my bride says I'm boring. I like the same stuff and that's what I stick with, and that includes what I eat. Even for breakfast, I used to opt for a leftover pizza, hot dogs, hamburgers… did I mention pizza? Anyway, now that I'm trying to lose weight and cut back on the carbs, I've had to make changes for breakfast. Now, instead of a big heavy breakfast, I just grabbed one of my built bars, the best tasting protein bar on the planet. Built bars satisfy my hunger with up to 19 grams of protein and also satisfy my sugar craving, despite being less than 3 grams of sugar. And at only about 150 calories per bar, if I'm really hungry in the morning, I can grab two of them and still feel good about it. Try replacing your dessert or even a meal like breakfast with a built bar. You won't even know it's not really a candy bar. Visit WeirdDarkness.com slash Built and build a box of your own.  That's WeirdDarkness.com slash Built promo code WeirdDarkness. On May 25, 1979, one of the most horrifying disasters in Chicago and American history took place at O'Hare International Airport, when American Airlines Flight 191 literally fell from the sky, killing all of the 271 passengers and crew on board. The flight was meant to be a non-stop journey from Chicago to Los Angeles, but it never left the windy city, and it left an eerie haunting behind. It was a beautiful holiday weekend in Chicago, and the sunny skies gave no indication of the horror that was about to take place. The passengers of Flight 191, including a number of Chicago literary figures bound for Los Angeles and the annual American Booksellers Association conference mixed with the throngs of people at O'Hare Airport. They boarded the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 just before 3pm. The DC-10 was a top-of-the-line aircraft, and this particular model had logged more than 20,000 trouble-free hours since it left the assembly line. The crew was top notch as well, including Captain Walter Lux, an experienced pilot who had been flying DC-10s since their introduction into service eight years earlier, and First Officer James Dillard and Flight Engineer Alfred Yadovich, who had nearly 25,000 flight hours between them. At 2.59pm, the plane was cleared to begin its taxi onto the runway, and then at 3.02pm, Flight 191 started down the runway. All went smoothly until the aircraft reached a point about 6,000 feet down the runway. The tower controller saw parts of the port engine pylon falling away from the aircraft and a white vapor coming from the area. A moment later, the plane pitched into rotation and lifted off. As it did so, the entire engine and pylon tore loose from their mounting, flipped up and over the wing, and crashed down onto the runway. Immediately, the tower controller tried to raise the plane on the radio. American, 191, do you want to come back? If so, what runway do you want? There was no reply from the aircraft, but it proceeded to climb normally, only dipping the left wing for a moment. It quickly stabilized, and the plane continued its descent. About 10 seconds later, at a height of around 300 feet, the aircraft began to bank to the left, first slightly, then sharply. The nose of the plane dipped, and as the aircraft began to lose height, the bank to the left increased until the wings were past vertical, then fell to the earth. The left wingtip hit the ground first, and the sound of tearing metal was followed by a massive explosion. The rushing fireball swept across the field, traveling about a half mile northwest of O'Hare, and roared into an abandoned hangar on the side of the old Ravenswood Airport on Towey Avenue, just east of a mobile home park. The burning plane crossed mostly open ground, narrowly missing some fuel storage tanks on Elmhurst Road, and the crowded I-90 expressway. Two people on the ground were killed, and several mobile homes were damaged, but the entire crew and all the passengers on the plane were killed instantly. The disaster stunned the entire country, leading to scores of questions about DC-10 aircraft and how the loss of only one engine had sealed the fate of Flight 191. The findings of a long and grueling investigation by the NTSB were released on December 21, 1979. It attributed the cause of the crash to an engine pylon that had been damaged at an American Airlines maintenance facility in March 1979. The engine had needed some routine maintenance, and to save time and costs, American Airlines, without the approval of McDonnell Douglas, had instructed their mechanics to remove the engine and pylon as a single unit. A large forklift was used to support the engine while it was being detached from the wing. This procedure was extremely difficult to execute successfully, because the engine assembly had to be held perfectly straight while it was being removed. This was almost impossible to do without causing a crack. After the accident, cracks were found in the bulkheads of many other DC-10s. The fracture in the plane used for Flight 191 went unnoticed for weeks, getting a bit worse with each flight. During Flight 191's takeoff, enough force was generated to finally cause the pylon to fail. At the point of rotation, the engine detached and was flipped over the top of the wing. A tiny crack had caused the flight to end in disaster. A number of ghost stories followed in the wake of the crash. According to Des Plaines police officers, motorists began reporting odd sights within a few months of the crash. They called in about seeing odd, bobbing white lights in the field where the aircraft had gone down. First thought to be flashlights carried by ghoulish souvenir hunters, officers responded to the reports, only to find the field was silent and deserted. No one was ever found, despite patrols arriving on the scene almost moments after receiving a report. More unnerving though were the accounts that came from the residence of the nearby Mobile Home Park, which was adjacent to the crash site. Many of these reports came within hours of the crash, when residents claimed to hear knocking and rapping sounds at their doors and windows. Those who responded, including a number of retired and off-duty police and firefighters, opened their doors to find no one there. Dogs in the trailer park would bark endlessly at the empty field where the plane had gone down. Their owners could find no reason for their erratic behavior. This continued for weeks and months and even escalated to the point that doorknobs were being turned and rattled. Footsteps were heard approaching the trailers, clanging on the metal stairs and on some occasions actual figures were confronted. According to some reports, a few residents opened their doors to find a worried figure who stated that he had to get his luggage or had to make a connection standing on their porch. The figure then turned and vanished into the darkness. The tragedy and strange events that followed caused many of the residents to move out of the park. But when new arrivals took their place, they too began to report the weird happenings. One sighting was described by a man out walking his dog one night near the area where Flight 191 went down. He was approached by a young man who explained that he needed to make an emergency telephone call. The man with the dog looked at this person curiously for he seemed to wreak of gasoline and also appeared to be smoldering. At first he just assumed the man had been running on this chilly night and steam was coming from his clothing. But when he turned away to point out a nearby phone and then turned back again, the man had vanished. The man with the dog had heard stories from other local residents about moans and weird cries emanating from the 1979 crash site, but he never believed them until now. He was now convinced that he had encountered one of the restless passengers from Flight 191 for himself. Thanks for listening. If you liked the show, please share it with someone you know who loves the paranormal or strange stories, true crime, monsters or unsolved mysteries like you do. You can email me anytime with your questions or comments at Darren at WeirdDarkness.com. Darren is D-A-R-R-E-N. WeirdDarkness.com is also where you can find information on any of the sponsors you heard about during the show. Find all of my social media. Listen to free audiobooks I've narrated. Sign up for the email newsletter. Find other podcasts that I host, including Retro Radio, Old Time Radio in the Dark, Church of the Undead, and a classic 1950s sci-fi style podcast called Auditory Anthology. Also on the site, you can visit the store for Weird Darkness t-shirts, mugs, and other merchandise. Plus, it's where you can find the Hope in the Darkness page if you or someone you know is struggling with depression, addiction, or thoughts of harming yourself or others. And if you have a true paranormal or creepy tale to tell of your own, you can click on Tell Your Story. You can find all of that and more at WeirdDarkness.com. All stories on Weird Darkness are purported to be true unless stated otherwise, and you can find links to the stories or the authors in the show notes. Last drank at the Parkway Tavern was written by Troy Taylor. Cousin Evie and I Know the Truth was submitted by Michelle Morgan to Weird Darkness. Creepy Memories was submitted by DMR. Hide and Seek was submitted by Amy. The mysterious disappearance of the Beaumont children was written by Stephen Casal for the lineup. The Flight 191 Disaster is by Troy Taylor. And The Black-Eyed Kids is by Gary Vasey from the audiobook The Black-Eyed Kids, narrated by yours truly. You can find the entire book on the audiobooks page at WeirdDarkness.com. Weird Darkness is a registered trademark. Copyright Weird Darkness. And now that we're coming out of the dark, I'll leave you with a little light. Leviticus 19 verse 18. Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against one of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the Lord. And a final thought. When you learn something new, especially something that's not connected to your day job, it can be inspirational and life-changing, nor a day. I'm Darren Marlar. Thanks for joining me in the Weird Darkness.


project already 20 years ago yes 20 years ago and so actually most of the the other organizers got stuck because the airport was closed because of fog so yes so we are only few good and so I hope they will they will do it because I mean one guy had promised so I'm ready to do another lecture yes I had to do another lecture for this guy this afternoon and I hope that they will arrive because the way they have to do all the lectures of the school so I mean three lectures is already enough so I is the school organized so I mean it's not job I will tell you in the introduction it's not job because it's like a one has to go from zero to infinity in five days velocity is infinity of course and so the idea is that in the morning we will do theoretical lectures and also there we will try to introduce a few concepts but not everything because it will be impossible you need a course and then in the afternoon we will do ensign so you will see those things in practice using yambo of course during the school you will see only bits and it's just I mean I invite to just go back and learn more so but the structure is exactly this we have theories in the morning and practical lectures in the afternoon all developers will be just around I mean I'm staying in this guest house so whatever you need just come to us for installation and problems and theory and everything just come to us and then we we can discuss okay so let me open officially the school with a small lecture about the perspective on material science that is given by yambo so if you look at material sense for yambo what do you see I think that the perspective of yambo is just a perspective of materials community in the sense that you see all critical aspects and features and needs and problems that you encounter in doing computational physics okay so material science is a very large word there are many different communities inside and actually I'm a theoretician originally personally so my background is in quantum field theory originally then I moved to condenser matter so I come from this part theoretical physics and then I started writing the code because I needed to do I need numbers just numbers fine but the point is that along the years in the last 20 years the word around the theoretical physics increased enormously and now there are communities that themselves have an entire literature and research and so on and so forth things that are very far from our background I know about your background with chemistry of physics but there are things I just trust me in this theoretical computer science in computer engineering that I understand nothing I mean it's like if someone talks to me in Arabic no way but at the end of the story I have to take care of all this because the codes like yambo have been involved in all different community in all these communities this is a really source a lot of complications for me and also for you as users I mean it's not that you install yambo and then this afternoon you'd be we'd be able to run on 60,000 cores no way I mean it takes some time it's all straightforward okay so there are different actors in this word material science so there are experimentalists theoreticians and what I say run this I mean so just run on computers so the radical physics this is the sort that what we will learn in the morning the problem is very actually is very very old and very well known you're in Newtonian as a body-body interaction column interaction is not seeing a body object as many body objects so whatever you want to do you have to take in consideration the effects on all the electrons together so how do you solve this many body problem this is the threat what this is what is solved in theoretical part of the story so you need to find methods like fancy functional theory or many body rotation theory or beyond I mean we will just tell you about few methods this is not not all the methods have been developed we will not talk about for example dynamic I mean field theory we will not talk about that so we will just talk about the tools and the approaches used by the code and so the first part is yes how do we solve it and then once we find a way to solve it how do we implement it so we have some equations to solve and then some approximations to do and moreover the kind of theory that we want I'm just giving you an overview I mean don't understand everything the kind of theory that you need depends on the physics it's not that you do theory yourself I mean an absolute way it depends on what you need to calculate if you need to calculate current or voltage or a charge migration or polarization and absorption or gap you name it and then we have to sit together and see what is the theory needed to evaluate it and depending on the kind of physics you may need to introduce more complex and advanced methods that can be TDDFT many body or even more complex methods like non-equilibrium Green's function theory this is what I'm doing at the moment for example I'm working in equilibrium Green's function theory world good then once you write your beautiful piece of code and this is what it was done myself in 2000 actually I started writing it was not yambo was name of self and I did it for my PhD I needed a tool to calculate the numbers in my PhD but along the years many people contributed to the code and it grown and grown and now we are version 4.5 I think and and it along the years they got a lot of more things that were calculated with the code now I mean we stopped in 2009 so that still 10 years there are so many things and then you can get a clue an idea just for the fact that at the beginning in the first paper that we published when the code was made GPL in 2009 we were 4 now we are 20 in the last papers we published last year we are 20 okay you will see a lot about yambo yambo can calculate several things I mean it is feeded by by a DFT grand state calculation at the moment we support pwcf and abinit so you do your system with those two codes and then you are ready to to calculate to start yambo and then we young we young we can calculate plenty things and and then there are several libraries that they are they are released with the code so in general we try to use it to use it the most user friendly as possible in the compilation installation even if my students say that this is something that only I it's friendly only for me it's true I mean but we can do it together and many people and then actually it has grown in the years and now it's not only a code only as a community so we have we have been doing schools in the last 20 years and yambo has I think has traveled I think I think I think I miss Australia I think Australia because China Japan Africa United States North South Europe I think everywhere maybe Russia maybe Russia maybe we miss Russia maybe no for us as we really what it has been told all over I also thanks to CTP we participated too many schools organized by a CTP and there is a forum there is a wiki page that is the one you will use to do tutorials where there is there are all informations about the code this is the educational part yambo so there are how to use about the tutorials theories and so on and so forth and the source is open and is also legit repository so if you want to contribute or to get the latest snapshot of the code you can use if you able to use jit you can use jit if you don't know what is jit just ask us we will tell you and it has been applied I mean there are around we are around 6600 publications then be done using yambo and there are particle about everything from molecules to solace nanostructures surfaces actually I don't even know all the system it has been applied to being a community it also part it has several interactions with funding it has been source of funding received funding at the moment there is in 2h 2020 projects and and lately we have been a lot concerned about performance because you know that now computers as in the material science word I mean the part relative to computers has grown enormously and also the technology and computers across enormously so for example now the latest machine and I will tell you more the lens machine the most I mean expensive and fast and enormous that the moment is not only CPUs it's probably is naively machine where there are CPUs and GPUs video cars you know the one used for gaming I bought a PC to do to do coding on zip on GPUs and my my my sons that I like they like very much the fortnight they saw it said wow but this is great to do to play for that because actually we are using the technology developed for gaming I made as video cars and so performance is an issue especially for us that you are traditions I mean I didn't have any idea what is an even a GPU so yes we are many we had a t-shirt even if most of them lost it but it's t-shirt yes and so we are many we had several schools around and this is the last one I went in Cameroon in last November and there is this school then this year again we will go in Africa again in Wanda in summer and but there are many I mean 20 years there are really many then we are educational okay just as the last words about the the performance so what makes you more specific is the fact that among all the codes that were I mean what when I did my PhD there are many people writing codes but a certain point where does super computers entered in the in the business lots of codes did we're not able to cope with it and we're not able to run on those machines because actually you need sometimes to rewrite entire parts of the code yambo for some reason was able to do it I mean was rewritten I mean between version one two and three what was completely rewritten then now is not possible anymore it's too large there's no way to rewrite yambo now you can write parts but not the entire code and and this is possible because the code was a modular I can tell you I mean there is also some theory of coding I mean it is not that you do coding I mean just that's it and one of the key things to be able to evolve is to be modular if you're modular they are pieces that are as much as independent as possible then you are most probably to be successful as I told you in the years we managed to export yambo on CPUs and GPUs and this is the latest development that I mean the latest release only is the first one the 4.5 is the only one that may release with GPU support then thanks to this kind of coding we were able this is actually already old the result able to run up to 60,000 but I mean actually yambo at the moment is pretty good in performance we didn't manage to see a saturation of the code and indeed in one of the eight projects where this in is a project for exascade transition how to bring those machine those codes to exascade machines okay so again MPI when CPUs you will be told how to use a CPUs both as MPI or open MP two different methods to use the CPUs while GPUs there is only one method and this is performance by GPUs I don't want to mention about this okay yambo is pretty much used among the codes in the praise and the end of this H220 max project and was the second after quantum espresso and then yes I want to just to say a few words about it something that for me is really important I mean a super good situation is super complex right so theory and coding is a big jump then how do we do it I mean how do you do it how do you find yourself your path in this in this walk so I would I suggest after many years of teaching is that you have to use a gradual procedure but you have to be careful that he is here so you have a physical phenomenon that can be among the ones calculated by yambo or another one it's possible that you came here because you want to calculate for example change migration at the moment yambo yambo you cannot have electrons moving in space let's talk about it then physical phenomenon you need to first of all read and study so if you run the code this week everything will be I mean just reshuffle because of the time when you go back don't run before reading it's completely useless then you feel the form of which questions are completely nonsense so you have to theory study and then the simulation is that the end because between the theory and the the simulation there is one important step is discretization computer discrete objects computer is not continuous objects so if you have an inter-referential equation you cannot put it as it is on a computer you have to discretize and in this discretization there is is the source of most of the parameters so you study the the phenomenon you connect it to the microscopic world and through the theory then you understand which kind of numerical methods are used and then again you simulate so from this you can get you can approach in a proper way and some tutorials understanding the parameters the way to to choose them and I mean it's important that you understand because there is in the tutorial there is more than one example that if you don't change properly they computer they permit us you will stuck the machine in Cameroon Dapton to me that's the point people say oh my computer does not reply and it's not answering more it's completely frozen I said yes because you didn't change that number so yambo can kill your machine yes okay that oh then maybe okay because that is the point everyone asking you what why you are austere why it's an oyster that then yambo doesn't mean anything so it was Conor Rogan that to make joke of me said it yet not a many body code by young boy doesn't mean anything it's just I mean in Africa in some in Swahili yambo means hello that's why the oyster the oyster is because when I started writing this yambo when I met actually meter this one is the founder of the code I was working with vacuum paration diagrams I had those diagrams all around I mean I was just crazy with those diagrams for me because I couldn't find the solution to the problem and then I published I found the solution because I published paper but then she turned the oyster the vacuum parization diagram the second order vacuum parization diagram in an oyster and this is why yambo is as an oyster that's it okay so yeah that's the easy part no equations good now I was sorry we have in the program there is a really many body okay so do you have questions about this you have to wake up at a certain point let me just just inform you okay so let's go to the to the to the real job now we do many body okay what time is it now are we on time I was quick okay because in general I'm not quick I'm very slow okay so let's now do with the many body okay so at the very core of yambo is quantum mechanics is there any one of you that doesn't know what is a bra or a cat just to know as chemists I mean how would you how you are distributed and the chemist just can raise the hand chemist all the others are physicists it is an engineering physicists all the physicists raise the hand okay so chemists in physics I'm very minority of chemists okay we'll be not not live for you I know I know for the chemists but I will let you anyway okay so but chemists I mean you do brackets right yeah so actually fuck yes actually fuck is fine the problem is after Artifuck Artifuck you go for MP whatever we go for for for GW I know I know okay but I mean let's do now a quick review of quantum mechanics the easy things that we need for for yambo and then we will introduce many body in our in a realistic way so a simplified way okay so quantum mechanics make sure then the many body problem and Artifuck why actually fuck because I think that Artifuck just can give you a very good insight about the different paths you can take to solve the problem in a weekly correlated case okay so the problem we need to solve is to create a micromarker connection so you have you're a mctonian that actually this is a mctonian is is just the poor electronic one but in general there are a lot of a lot of other actors entering the mctonian like phonons or spins or magnetic fields electric fields and so on and so forth but I mean the the core of the many body problem is already inside electronic case so now you need to find a connection through between this and mctonian and the observables in this case there are three observers that you can calculate with yambo you can calculate bunch structures you can calculate with of the structures positions optical absorption including temperature you can include temperature with yambo with an electron phone interaction and you can also calculate time-dependent quantities in this case is polarization time-dependent polarization through many body and also through the berry how do we do it that the each of this somehow is an observable in the easy cases you can really write it as an as an operator that can be you know the current the current of depolarization and also the bands that they can be connected to averages of operators so you introduce this space of states so given the mctonian the eigenvalues of this and they can vectors define a space this is not a normally complete space on which you can calculate averages and also time-dependent averages so you can introduce a time-dependent operator switch down an interaction and this system will start oscillating and on the basis of these oscillations you can calculate quantities then the very job is to rewrite this very compact problem to expand the problem because I mean when you define the observable as an average of an operator you are condensed as a simple as super simple it's just one line but to calculate it and to discretize it you have to make it explicit this is our work of theoretical physics to write this condensate average in terms of something that can be calculated one way is through diagrams this guy is Freeman Dyson Dyson equation and the Dyson equation is a way to rewrite specific case of specific average in terms of a series of which you can calculate analytically the terms and then you're done if you manage to sum this series you are done you can really calculate at the end get a number that's the point now what is the complicated part about this term and you will see in a second this first part you see is a summation over the the electronic states the electron the electron sorry I is an electron you have an onion of the single electron so this first part represents an electron moving along if the electrons moving moves along then the solution is just to find the spectrum of this amitone and but this is the beast because it will just feel electrons moving reciprocously so this means actually that in this room in independent particle approximation if some of you well the fun of some of you will ring the others will not care we'll not see we'll not hear anything they will just look at me instead the many but interaction will do in such a way that if your phone will ring some hands with some head will turn and actually the heads will turn depending on the distance unfortunately the column interaction is really a beast because it's very slowly decaying potential very slowly I mean there is that I mean in transform moment in transfer space goes like one over two square is even divergent so slow to be divergent in when you do the footage as warm this is also a lot of problems actually it's also source a lot of physics I mean natural works I mean if you look at nature from from math you see that the most interesting things in nature in math are divergences like one over q square so your plasmons because of the one over q square okay so the many body problem is the problem of connecting the against states of the full amitone to the against states of the single particle part so we define this lower case and other against states of 8 of small h of single particle part and an uppercase and the against states of the wall of Newtonian then again you have a cat that is a state and the bra is the adjoint this is fine right yeah this is okay okay this all you know yes and then you also know that if this operator commutates commutates with the Newtonian then it's stationary and then the average is just simply the corresponding against state good okay now the easiest way we can do is just just to neglect the interaction if we neglect the interaction then we approximate amitone with only the independent particle port so in this simple cartoon the interaction are those lines every electron is this yellow sphere and the interaction are the lines if you remove the lines then the solution is trivial because the state the exact against state of the full amitone and is the exact against states of n independent electrons this is just a product of the single electron states this product is averaged with a function representing the level of excited state in the ground state we are all sitting now in the first excited state some of you are just happened here so it's just a way of counting the single particle levels it's trivial I mean if you have a finite temporal system we will be the waiting function yes if you have excited state of an electronic independent electronic system at high temperature or this is the function it has two names one is Italian and the other is Polish I mean if if they are bosons if they are not electrons of our boson the function is of the name of an very important Indian guy yes the boss answer is for yeah for fermions yes yes we'll be a formidable function so independent particle approximation to excited states in the sense of temperature will be a formidable rock so yeah so in this case you can we'll write this air complex average as a functional of the averages in the free single particle states for example the amitone of the ground state is the sum of the occupied energy levels that's it it's easy and then you will see that we will show you how to calculate several quantities it's independent particle approximation it's easy everything is practically analytical and okay then I mean one important point then you will see along the the lectures why I mean is it always so bad independent particle approximation well depends indeed first you have to understand the physics we go back to the original argument we have to understand the physics and then compare what you're calculating with what you're interested in and see the level of approximation unless you don't have formal proofs that the approach we're using is the exact one you have to use this let's say validation with check with experiment you understand more about this but actually for I think that 99% of the things that we are gonna talk about we don't have formal justifications good now in the real world the amitone includes several effects that we will neglect for the moment because in the full amitone and there is also temperature there are phonons there are also other kind of actas can be manians can be spins indeed and every of this element introduces an additional interaction term in a million so for the moment we neglected fully electronic we stick to the zero temperature so what I will talk to you today is zero temperature problem there's a finite template that the tools change and also we will use a static amitone for the moment we will not introduce a time-dependent fields and we will proceed to the ground state okay so in this case the the core of the many body problem is the following as originally introduced by Landau so you have those three electrons are there and then you have the full interacting problem is there any way to replace the single actos the single electrons with something that is slightly modified but still weakly interacting so if you want yes if the phone will ring we will all turn our head but if the the person with the phone has an overcoat you know or a big pullover that is actually shielding the phone then the the sound the music will be weaker right and then maybe only a few persons around will turn head this pullover is a way to dress the electron so how do I define and how do I know if it exists such a representation so in the many body methods the idea is from a forbidden point of view is to replace this amitone and not with the free one but with a free one with in addition a many body potential it's a single particle many body potential that is not produced by nature is something that you introduce mathematically and then you require to this potential to satisfy some condition to reproduce something of the full amitone what now we see then with the mitone will also introduce in the case of time dependent amitone and our time evolution by this let me skip it for a moment I will go back to this later one problem how do you how do you approach this this problem or define this potential who of you doesn't know anything about the FT little so little little okay yes okay that's good and all the rest you know what is the FT it's okay and it's important for us because then if I give the FT for given then you understand nothing wow only one only one doesn't know how number one theorem would you be able to tell at least what is it talking about what for you for me student I mean you should know come on I will ask you later it's a number one theorem who has nothing who doesn't know it no okay only one okay so you just a little bit okay that's fine so density function theory is a method to define this potential and it's a variational method so one way is a variational way and I will just mention it but the straightforward method that you will find on a textbook is use perturbation theory this is the the poor man approach you say oh look I multiplied interaction with a pre-factor and then I do an expansion I assume that I can expand the agonist aid in powers and then I defined the coefficients in such a way that to a given level of approximation the two states are the same this is perturbation theory if you do with two level problems you can have this is the true level independent particle part then you are the potential that just mixes one and two two levels one and two this is very sturdy for you can do it I mean it just do the expansion you can solve exactly and find this but then you can also take this sorry this thing and then expand of powers of of lambda when when you multiply v by a lambda and then you get that you can expand the exact agon states in powers of lambda now of course in this case you solve exactly the problems 2 by 2 they multiply v by lambda and you do power expansion and you see yes I could just expand in powers the many body problems that is a case where you cannot solve exactly the problem because you cannot solve exactly the full Hamiltonian so in that case you use perturbation theory and perturbation theory is trivial you expand the agon states and then you are required the theory you are what required the expansion to give this is the agon state agon value problem explicit then you expand in powers left right hand side and you compare term by term by comparing term by term you find an expansion for the agon values for the agon states this is the static perturbation theory and again using study perturbation theory applied on the 2 by 2 level system you just get this expansion again we are not at the point of getting a potential we are seeing that with which study perturbation theory given a certain perturbation this will modify the state and the energy but then you may wonder where is the potential now to introduce the potential we use at refoc I think at refoc as gives at the end to interesting concepts that can be used in general very very much beyond at refoc so what is at refoc at refoc as a way to solve the many body problem within certain stringent approximations assumptions in the case and then you can introduce at refoc in two ways one is with the perturbative approach and the other is with the variation approach if you do it with the perturbative approach yeah I mean at refoc is just easy because you take the independent particle part then the ground state of this emiltonian independent particle part is just a product of states and the agon function is as later determinant and then exactly like in the two body in the two-level problems you do perturbation theory calculating just averages exactly like a study perturbation theory you go in powers of the interaction so at the first order you have the correction and the second order you have the second order correction now when you solve the I mean I don't want you to get all the math because it would be impossible just get the ideas you do perturbation theory then you correct the energies then you go and look at the definition of the ground state energy at this within this approximation you see that again is a sum of single particle energies in our true folk if you do what you fuck you do the math you realize that you can rewrite the ground state energy with the interaction treated at the first order so you take the interaction you treated it to the first order then you realize that your total energy is a sum of single particle energies but they are now modified so this change in a single particle energy can be written as an average of a potential you can introduce the potential in such a way to give the change of the single particle energies within second order perturbation theory this potential is composed of two pieces one is this part that we call archery and the other is this other part we call exchange the archery part is something you should have expected from simple physical arguments because the archery part is just a potential produced by the density of the system beyond the single particle approximation where you have only the kinetic part the first term that appears is just the standard electrostatic potential this comes out so normally naturally in the vertebrative approach in addition there's another term that is the fuck term this fuck term is instead induced by the form of your egg acids that is just literally germinant the B and T symmetric it just avoids electrons to feel ferments to overfill a single state so it's possible for two ferments to be in the same position so it's Paul exclusion what is really important of this approach is that you have even if within severe approximations out to fuck we're written the many body problem as a single particle problem under modified potential you can actually we found archery folk through a variational approach completely different in nature where you actually assume that all that the ground state of this Hamiltonian will be a superposition of the German and you find this position such a way to minimize the energy if you do it use the Lagrangian approach then again you find an equation for the single particle states of the ground state that solve an equation that is the archery folk equation where again you find the archery and the fuck potential now there is a big difference with the petrified approach in the petrified approach these states that enter in the potential itself are bare because it's perturbation theory so you take your system that is not interacting with this non-interacting system when functions I have energies you build the potential that will normalize the lexons themselves so you see this not is the bear level entered in the potential and this potential will change the energy of this bear level so the change of my energy depends on myself depends on myself and depends on all the others is a self-consistent problem so again in the simple example I gave before in the pullover of the lady we are all involved in creating this pullover so but we must be dressed as well so we are bad we build a first version of the pullover for all of us then again with the now with the pullover version one we build up another pullover version two this is a self-consistent cycle that archery folk as built in it is important concept because you see that in many body if you do perturbation theory you are bare objects inside definition of the potential if you do with the variation instead the objects inside the potential are already dressed so take a more message in archery folk so you have archery folk and this is pauli so in the archery folk problem you have just physically a simple introduction of electrostatic and exclusion exclusion principle so not very much not not very much fancy but there are important properties that we must take home for going beyond first is that the particular approach in the particular approach if introduce that fuck with the particular approach like energies and when functions sorry and this will change about when functions will not change inside the potential in a variation approach everything must be fun self consistently but again in both cases the folk potential defines a potential effective potential that exactly gives the single particle levels that correspond to a variation on minimum in a variational approach or to a second order perturbation perturbative correction in the perturbative approach say now wow much of it's great then you apply archery folk and you get that the gaps of your systems are systemally overestimated leading for rather think it's like 5 EV you are above of 5 EV you are completely off no way I mean but this is something expectable I mean actually chemistry will tell me no archery folk is not so bad yes yes it's true if you take a systems very tiny some solids if you take a system that is only few elections then there are effects important so in the case of few elections then archery folk is particularly fitting because in that case what really makes a lot of difference in self-interaction so we only few that this I can explain you but I mean anyway archery folk for few few elections is particularly much more more effective than in the case of extended system for extended system is pretty bad so this means they are missing we are missing something while we are missing and this is fine one because what we are missing actually is easily connected to form and diagram we miss correlation we miss correlation so correlation is what is missing when you do just archery folk I mean the point is that physically now we are permanent because how would we introduce a conceptually in a conceptually simple way correlation now we are just introducing as something that is just missing now in the next lecture we take two minutes break in the next lecture I will try to introduce correlation in a simple way with a realistic approach without even we don't use in diagrams or something like that but at the moment what is important of this first part of the lecture is that they come messages that in many body really the problem that we have to solve is to define in as much as easy possible an effective amiltonian effective potential and effective whatever that still keeps my solution my property to the level of a single particle problem of course this potential have to be careful because in archery folk this potential there is no way it is defined by the method itself when we we need to do this correlation we need to be careful in the sense of filling this potential with properties that are interesting for our problem but still the problem will be to introduce a potential that will embody within some ways the many body properties okay so now what time is it okay now I I don't want to do a 40 minutes lecture I prefer to do smaller lectures so we will do correlation after this and now we like to have discussions so if you have questions if you don't understand anything if you want to rest five minutes this first part is done also so this way I think you would be more awake if you do like one hour lecture in general also me after one hour lecture after the I just decay I just sleep 20 minutes then yes yes okay yeah sure it's yeah I mean oh and I can tell you even more and you want to comment on the self-interaction expert so I think that there's a very different case for what concerns density functional theory in many body perturbation theory and in a sense the case of many body perturbation theory somehow easier since if you have a five month diagrams somehow you you see exactly what happens there in the electron-electro interaction by this I mean that typically so if you start from expectation values of the electron-electro interaction operator which has four field operators in that we direct and exchange terms that when applied to same single particle state basically would cancel out so somehow in this respect the art refocus prototypical you have the cancellation of the art tree term with the exchange term and somehow so one of the definitions of self interaction is exactly when you go to higher levels or higher orders of theory the fact that in some cases you miss some of these exchange diagrams that may cancel out the corresponding direct diagrams and this is exactly what happens by the way in the GW case so in the GW case you have screened interaction and the diagrams you miss are already there at the second order in GW mix the second order exchange diagram and in fact you suffer of self-interaction that kicks in via the screening the RPA screen that is also well known in chemistry to be not self-interaction free and actually have what is self- screening within GW this was documented both theoretically and computation things are instead different if you think at the case of density functional theory where you don't have such information of diagrams so somehow you have the hood of your car that is closed and you cannot access that piece of information and in in that case you have to refer to other definitions of self-interaction one of these was the basically relying on the an exact property of the total energy as a function of the fractional number of electrons that is piecewise linearity of the total energy that is somehow connected since the derivative of the total energy with the occupation is somehow related to an effective eigenvalue single particle eigenvalue so somehow the fact that total energy is piecewise linear means that these eigenvalues do not depend on their own occupation that again is concept related to self-interaction still is not the very same definition such that the art refoc that is totally totally self-interaction free from a diagrammatic point of view is not self-interaction free in the sense of piecewise linearity still in density functional theories somehow the only thing you can do you can only define total energy self-interaction in in that framework in general as this was referred by I think Purdue groups at least as many body and body self-interaction freedom and to me that is the proper definition density functional tier of self-interaction is still an open options there are several proposals there if I may add a very simple old man's compliment what not very very rigorous very theoretical but to me the self-interaction error is the name you give to the feature of your theory that makes the energy of the hydrogen atom different from one readberg so if you have a complex theory such as many body theory the minimum requirement of the warm density functional theory or whatever quantum chemistry you name it couple clusters anything the minimum requirement you have with such a complex theory is that it can solve the problems that you could solve without that theory unfortunately none of those complex theory can solve one body problems you don't need them in those cases but it would be relieving if you could and so this is not a definition but but if you do density functional theory for ordina of course Hohenberg and Kohn say that you do density functional theory for one electron it gives the right result it's a theorem but current implementations of density functional theory applied to one body problems to one electron problems give the wrong the wrong energy the name you give to the mistake you make is a self interaction error so a little bit a step further in elaboration is coming to what the other Andrea said in his lecture that this this theory is Hartree-Fock and density functional like are mean field theory or mean field like Hartree-Fock is indeed mean field density functional is not but it has the form of of a mean field theory which means that you can attribute physical properties to individual electrons which you cannot in a truly interacting system so that you can you can speak of properties of individual electrons in mean field theories so you are tempted to treat the one electron at a time as you would do in for a nitrogen atom for a one electron formally mathematically they are the same elaborating a little bit more so the self interaction error in density functional theory and in many body perturbation theory and in any sophisticated theory is the relic the relics what remains of the original scene of those theories that fail for the hydrogen atom okay so how do we do I mean I have to do correlation then it takes 50 minutes to correlation then we go for the coffee break because now is it's 10 30 now 30 always the plan of a break we do coffee break and then we do correlation


This next one has a reflection in it, which is kind of cool. It's called trying to find myself Standing in front of a stranger who has my freedom in his hands. It's a life-or-death situation Trapped in the dark tossing and turning all night fighting demons on the edge between freedom and being buried alive between clear infinite skies and a cold dank concrete box forgotten but not gone stranded in the land of the lost trying to find myself


I want to say to all of you beautiful humans out there, that every day trade in kindness. That somewhere out there today there's a stranger who is talking about you. There's a stranger who is forever grateful to you for an act of kindness you showed to them in a time in their life where no one was being kind to them. Kindness will never go out of fashion, it will never date, it will never age, it will never decay. An act of kindness could be a total game-changer for someone in your world today. Be kind to someone today, especially if it's someone you know no one's being kind to right now. It lasts in our lives literally for decades. Love you, stay strong, be kind.


SecNAV approved testing changes to female uniforms and the first test will begin by May 2014. The dress blue jumper has been tailored for female form and functionality and will match the recently redesigned but not yet issued male jumper. Another change includes updating E7 and above female combination covers to more closely resemble the male version but designed to fit females. Sailors are among the volunteers answering questions from your kids about Santa's location. The North American Aerospace Defense Command's NORAD Track Santa call center allows children around the world to make phone calls or use computers to track the path of Santa Claus as he delivers gifts on his sleigh. Kids can call beginning 5 a.m. Eastern Standard Time December 24th and responses are available in eight languages. Read more about these stories at Navy.mil from All Hands Update. Thanks for watching.