I'm the associate provost and director of the Galasano Institute for Sustainability at Rochester Institute of Technology and I'm also the CEO of a national institute called the Remade Institute which is established by the government to support development in the circular economy in sustainability area, sustainable manufacturing area specifically and it is a large consortium consists of 148 entities from industry to academia, national labs, trade associations and this is the again this is part of my responsibility. Sure, thank you so much for taking the time to speak to us today. You know a lot of people think they know what sustainable manufacturing is. Are most of us right or what do we not understand or know about sustainable manufacturing? So sustainability is about the balance in the system supply and demand ensuring that that we are basically taking into account in our industrial system the impact of what we do and also make sure we understand the supply side of this raw material that we use and also understand the environmental impact and make sure that we have we balance this picture to make sure that we're not causing a lot of harm on the environments unnecessarily and also making sure that we we actually watching our consumption of materials and raw material to ensure that we were able to satisfy our demands in the future without really having any big big challenges. I think when you talk about sustainable manufacturing there is a you know there typically there are a lot of information that is only addressing one piece of the puzzle and very seldom we see something that describes the whole picture so you know in reality since the beginning of the industrial revolution we had abundance of resources we had abundance of materials. Right so it sounds like what you're seeing is that today's developed countries pick up a lot of ad habits in developing the economies that we have today and we don't want today's developing countries to continue those bad habits but we want them to increase their standard of living without the same impacts on the economy. It was an article a long time ago I think I can't remember if it was business week or something like that that said China or and India either they will destroy the world or they will save the world and I think the rationale that in this article was that if they copy with their population level and everything else they copy the model that we used in in the West in building our industrial system with all of its the consequences with that and they they do that at a much higher scale now because of their population and size they will destroy the world that was the more of the article you know talking about and however if they are much more innovative and come up with much more efficient methods they would save the world because that because again the scale of what they do is significance and you know I was in a lot of my lecture I show pictures from a hotel room where I was in China in Shanghai and I basically I was there for two weeks so I just in a Friday in my hotel window I took picture and you can see you can't even see the building across the street the day after I mean Saturday I took the same picture and all of a sudden there are building across the street the haze and the pollution just significant from the industrial development there and again they are using they are copying things that we've done in the West but they are what we did in the West was not at the same scale so what happened is that they just at the scale they developed their system and copying a lot of those methods result in significant impact that that that we was not predicted and and I think you know again the scale is really a major factor in a lot of challenges that we see in this area. Do you remain an optimist in your endeavor you talk about how these two countries could either rule or save the world are you still an optimist? Absolutely I think there you know the key here is that there are limits if you know my panel was the United Nation Environment Program actually we do reports we call it the global resources outlook and I think the last report was in 2018 I'm working with a team now and developing the next one is going to be 2023 and and and we're saying that basically in greenhouse gas emission if business as usual continues we're probably going to increase greenhouse gas emission by 2050 by you know 47 percent. However we're showing that with sustainability and with if we are to employ a lot of the sustainability some bill measures across the globe we can reduce greenhouse gas emission by significant percentage we're talking about like 90 percent so there so there is a there's optimism if we are to employ many of those measures however I've been around for many years and you know it's always disappointing to see that the indicators are there the approaches to address some of those issues are identified but the will to actually employ it isn't there so yeah I mean we haven't lost it yet haven't lost this battle yet but but there is definitely urgency in moving fast otherwise you know some of those you know some of those factors that we're looking at today are irreversible you know from biodiversity to greenhouse gas emissions to rise in temperatures and all and all of those factors I think once you reach that point you know a turning point it's hard to reverse some of those measures sure sure were there any challenge were there any lessons we learned during COVID that can be applied to today's challenges going forward I think you know unfortunately people forget very quickly you know we I think we we learned during COVID for example there were a like a lot of work going on including was my organization we had our healthcare system in New York state we had this alarms about ventilators and all of this stuff and we had a lot of organization including mine worked on developing emergency ventilators a fast way to to provide substitute materials that use for healthcare system and what we learned is that a lot of this stuff happened very quickly and we created a lot of stuff that were very valuable and useful so when we put our head into something and when we have a crisis we this crisis got us to work together and having a solid goal to go after and we were able to meet to meet that goal in the environmental area I think and in sustainability area we do have a crisis it just not been treated as such and you know you see the inner inner governmental panel on climate change talking about co-dread and and raising that alarm but a lot of a lot of the you know governmental organization I mean we we turned a lot of a lot of the issues a lot of the debate over climate change and many of these issues into a political issue where it should have been left to the scientists I mean there the politicians are divided over climate change and its impact the scientists aren't and and I think this issue should have really been left to the professionals to address to to to guide and inform policy however the issue has really got lost in in a lot of the political debates but we do have a crisis like covid and and the implication are severe and and it's that the issues are not treated treated us and final question give me the aleater pitch on re-manufacturing yeah so so one of the the the the most effective and and and and amazing technology that was developed in the u.s. here many many years ago Henry Ford was actually one of the industrialists actually that started the organized facility for this is re-manufacturing so re-manufacturing simply is an industrial process that take product that are coming back from from the use phase and and through a very rigorous industrial process we disassemble the product to the component level we clean inspect restore and and and deal with a lot of parts and sometimes if parts are are basically worn we replace them and then you go through an assembly process of a product similar to what we do is a brand new product the difference here is that many of like large durable parts of the of product like engine or jet engine or something like that they have multiple life cycles and once you qualify that they are absolutely meaning the specification is new ones then they go into making of a new product or a new re-manufacturing product so re-manufacturing is basically a process by which will bring a product that's coming back from the use phase and bring it back to like new condition and the reality is that by doing so you're using anywhere from 70 to 90 percent of materials coming back from the use phase you don't mind for version material for that you're saving the energy that made those parts you're saving the capital equipment that made those parts you're saving the labor cost so the the savings are significant the saving is it's about 50 percent for example so you you're providing the consumer with a very um high quality product similar to brand new products you know companies like Xerox Caterpillar GE was medical equipment uh aircraft parts and stuff like that


Hello everybody, I'm Brian Neville, the animal scientist here at the Carrington Research Extension Center. Thanks for joining us this year via this virtual format. We're sorry you can't be here in person but look forward to seeing you next year. Today I'm going to share a little bit of research with you that we've conducted in conjunction with the Central Grasslands Research Extension Center and the North Dakota State University Department of Animal Science looking at mineral programs. The focus of our research was on evaluating the impacts of pre and post weaning trace mineral programs on beef performance. From the standpoint of our research we wanted to compare two extremes in mineral programs for cows nursing calves by offering no access to trace minerals for cows on pasture versus those with free choice access to trace minerals while on pasture. What we found is that liver samples from the calves from these cows had higher copper and slightly higher selenium levels when coming from cows offered free choice mineral. Further when we evaluated the weaning weights of these calves under the two trace mineral programs we found that calves with access to trace mineral weighed eight pounds more at weaning than their contemporary calves without access to mineral. We then coupled those two treatments with two post weaning trace mineral programs in which trace minerals were supplied as either a sulfate form or chelate form of the minerals. If we just focus on copper concentrations of the calves we find that post weaning trace mineral source impacted the rate of accumulation of copper with calves fed the chelated forms of the minerals having greater liver stores than those fed copper as a sulfate source after 53 days on feed or essentially a background in time frame. We were able to further demonstrate that calves fed chelated minerals had greater average daily gain during the backgrounding period however post weaning trace mineral source did not impact average daily gain during finishing. As we continue this line of research we hope to expand our evaluations to include more detailed measures of animal health with the goal of providing information to our North Dakota beef producers that help them choose pre weaning and post weaning mineral programs that improve both on farm and subsequent feedlot performance. As we wrap up this segment I'd like to thank our funding agency North Dakota EPSCORE for the funding provided for this grant as well as the staff at Central Grasslands Research Extension Center and the staff at North Dakota State University Department of Animal Sciences for their cooperation in this project. We hope to see you all here next year.


Today, I'll be in the Super Bowl pack in the game. What's good boys, welcome back. Super Bowl promo is here. I was worried that there might not be limited but we got some heater, heater limited. Let me walk you through these cards. So the outright best is 97 overall limited Russell Wilson. No, this is not the Russell Wilson that threw a pick on the goal line. This is the Russell Wilson that blew out the Peyton Manning Denver Broncos, literally one of the most embarrassing Super Bowls in recent history. It was a stopping. He's selling for two mil, probably the best quarterback in the game. I mean, there's a reason he's two million coins. The card art is beautiful. And this year's Super Bowl is in Arizona. It's literally about 20 minutes from my house. On top of that is waste management open. So it's going to be a crazy weekend. I'll tell you that. There's Forrest Gregg, a legendary right tackle. When I see a face mask like that, I know I probably wasn't alive when this guy played but he's definitely the best right tackle in the game and he's going for one and a half million. The promo is called the Super Bowl hype train. There's a darno doc and a Ray Lewis. Julian Edelman is not limited either. There's the bus, also not limited. Then Rod Martin is the worst limited but still an incredibly good card. He's the first real wave of 97 overalls we're gotten. We're getting to that point in Madden. We're doing some crazy, crazy stuff. There's a Jalen Mills, dude, the Eagles team team is so good. I mean, they made the Super Bowl, it makes sense. Crazy, crazy good corner. He's six foot, so he's right on the brink of where like you might get agged on. But six foot is still good. Let's waste no time, gentlemen. Let's hop in. See, it sketches me out though cause usually on this screen right here at show it tells you that there's limited in the packs. I don't know if it didn't load in or the monkeys at EA are taking a day off or what. There was a big event down at the Orlando Zoo. They had to go and support their brother. And what I say, the best in the business for men's hygiene products, what do you think of? Off the dome, three, two, one. Dr. Squatch, did you say it? Now you might've just said that because I've worked with Dr. Squatch for so long but it also happens to be true. Dr. Squatch is sponsoring today's video. They make incredible products like their flagship bar of soap. I've got Cedar Citrus right here. My personal favorite, pine tar, birchwood breeze as well. This doesn't even begin to scratch the surface. There are hundreds Dr. Squatch bars of soap. They've even got shampoos and conditioners as well as deodorant so your entire routine can come from the best. And the reason I continue to use Dr. Squatch products after all these years is the incredibly high quality and natural ingredients in all of their products. The biggest bummer for me is when I travel and I forget a bar of soap from Dr. Squatch and I have to use anything else. My personal challenge to you is try a product from Dr. Squatch and I think just like me, you're never going back. Plus new customers can get 20% off on orders of $20 or more when using my code DSQMMG. As always, there's a link in the top of the description and enjoy the rest of the video. There is a Super Bowl Platinum Pack which is actually a very good pack to build your coin stack and it does also give five 92 plus Super Bowl players. Presumably that gives me odds at a 97. Let's see what the odds are. The odds of a 97 plus is 22%. This is how well EA has brainwashed me. Ooh, love the animation. But seriously, EA's brainwashed me pretty good. For me to believe those are crazy good odds but there's a 92 left tackle to Wayne Brown. 88 miles Garrett, that's actually a massive poem. Whoa, wait, it's all in one.  Okay, so Miles Garrett here's amazing. 200K off for it. Do Wayne Brown and Lamarcus join her? Oh no, no, no, no, no, it opened. No, it opened. No, I don't wanna see. Okay, so I see Maddie Ice. I see Tyler Boyd. Javon Holland. Grady Jarrett.  I need a limited here. I need a 95 plus at least. Damn, my 92 pluses were all 92s. That's actually a huge bummer. That pack right there gave us 450,000 coins and we'll ice it off with 110,000 training. In the grand scheme of what's worth it in EA's eyes, that's actually a very, very good pack. This pack is two times 94 plus overall Super Bowl hero. The odds on this are an 8.2% chance at a 97 plus. Those odds make no sense to me.  I don't know who the Super Bowl heroes are, so let's learn about the 94s right now. Our first one, I'm not seeing a different animation, so if I got a 97, I wouldn't really know. 94 Damian Williams, and- Oh no, mother fucker. 94 Shaq Barrett. Wow, these are actually two. I like these. Damian Williams, I swear, bro. That's Super Bowl where the chiefs beat the Niners. I swear the script said that Mahomes need Super Bowl MVP because Damian Williams had an incredible game. I felt like he should've got it. I'll hang out to 94s for the sets. There is a re-roll for an 86 plus Super Bowl player. I guess I go to the Super Bowl, buy one, get one free. Doesn't really feel like a deal. My game has now crashed, and I'm gonna get dashboarded. This literally happens once every time you log into the game. Tough day down in the zoo, banana shortage, you know, COVID. I mean, you're not wrong, but you didn't have to say it. Well, I have at least one Super Bowl pack here. I'm not sure what happened on that other one. I think there's as low as 86 is actually X. Who said 86 won before? I do get a Super Bowl predictor pack. 100% predicting the Eagles to win. Dude, you guys call me a gambling addict. I'm literally placing prop bets and mad in here. Don't put that in there. Oh, to the prediction video. Bleep. I'm just going Eagles win. Keep it simple. Hey, but now that I'm loaded back in, it is visually showing me that limits are in packs. So I like that a little bit better. 14 Super Bowl packs and three 94 plus Super Bowl players. All right, the Super Bowl bundle. I wanna set a goal to get a limited before I leave this video might take me an infinite amount of re-rolls, but I'd be willing to do it feeling like a gambling degenerate today. Always gamble responsively, gentlemen. Promo code MMG at prize picks. This is ridiculous, man. Ridiculous. It's a $100 deposit match. It's actually pretty good. All right, let's see what the suit, come on.  I'm actually listening to the game audio, which I never do. I gotta listen to this Eagle call while I get some dogwater pull. Ka! 88. Ka! 88. Ooh, all right, 90. We're slowly working our way up the totem pole. Listen, if we get nothing here, I'm just gonna quick sell everybody. I'm gonna go right on over to the re-roll. You can't stop me. A, K, A, Mike, Dick. Why are you even stealing packs? Dranharman, CJ, Uzama. Ooh, Tupper, 94 plus. I got three of these. One's gotta be a 97. 94 Damien Williams. Once again, 94 plus. Come on, baby. Come on, baby. Literally the only two I already have. No, don't you do me like this.  Sarenas Jones, at least it's somebody else. Damn.  The 86 plus Super Bowl re-roll is 7,000 training. Let's see if we can finish anything out of this. Sorry, not with an 86. What have we got? Dude, I feel personally attacked by EA right now. That is my first, higher than a 90. Rodney McLeod right there. Okay, so 86, then 192, 86, 86, 86, 86. 86, 86, 86, 86, 86. Oh my God, that's horrible. Quick selling, absolutely everything is 507K trading that includes the Super Bowl bundle we opened. That was so bad. I actually realized that I was on the wrong account starting that anyway. I'm gonna try that 92 plus pack. My recommendation is just this Super Bowl platinum pack. This thing is busted. So I'm on the other account. I'm gonna rip this. We'll see how this thing goes. So the last one gave me 450K and 592s. This one's gonna start out with a 92. Damn, I was hoping it'd start out different but I can see all of them. Awusukaramoa, not a great start. Emmanuel Agba doesn't help me too much either. Russ, that's the wrong Russ. 81 miles, Jack. Oh, Kadeem Mohamed. I don't know. That other one looked a little better now. Derrick Carr, Dwayne Brown. Another one. Come on, they're 92 pluses, not 92s. Oh, this might be one of my worst. It's 94 Trent Brown. I'm barely happy about that but I'm happy about it. Kazeer White, Amanra St. Brown. Love to see that. 92 Lamarcus Joiner, Braden Smith, Joann Bentley, Alex Kappa. So how do I do on coins for this one? I don't think I'm gonna hit nearly as much. 269K, but training we did even better. 138K, damn. I'll do the two 94 pluses and I'm gonna call it there, dude. I mean, there's only one Russ on the auction house too. It's just gotta be rare. And our final one is 94 Trent Brown. All right, this will be our absolute final pack. Go with this re-roll here then I'm just gonna go to the auction house so we can see these players. Damn, actually a really good re-roll. 92 Lamarcus Joiner, I'll take it. Damn, bummer on the polls but I believe, I believe we have a shot. So who is a must use out of these players here? Ray Lewis, feels like a must grab for me. I feel like I have to have Ray Lewis on this team if we're gonna go play it right now. Super Bowl MVP 97 overall, 6-1, 250, 94 speed, 98 acceleration. Are you shitting me? 94 change of direction, 98 hip power. That is a monster card right there. Dude, I love Edelman. I think he had one of the most clutch Super Bowls ever. I just don't think he's gonna be very good. It's like a 5-10 slot receiver. I feel like if I have to have anybody, it's Russ. His price is literally just plummeting but I really want him. I don't care. I'm not a mutt economics guy.  And you know what? I'm not gonna use drum bettis. I feel like over the last month, all I've seen are bruiser hat backs. Quad father, King Henry, now we got the bus. Let's go get out Damien Williams. Let's go get out the youngin'. 94 overall, Damien Williams, 93 speed, 97 Excel. I don't know if he's gonna be good or not but I'm excited to use him. I will give the first Super Bowl Drop AW. So far I'm liking the players. These limits are nasty and they're expensive and they're good. I'm gonna give him short in elite and backfield mismatch since that's what they're kind of pushing me towards here. The only things on this account are literally all the players I just pulled from these Super Bowl packs. I'm gonna have a full Super Bowl team. It's actually pretty cool. It's an 89 overall because I am missing some positions so let's fix that. First things first, I wanna see what Russell Wilson gets. What abilities do you get? He gets Hot Row Master. He does get 1 AP Fearless which is huge but I wanna rock Hot Row Master. A completely free gun slinger. Kinda gotta run Fearless, right?  I need a center or right guard and another wide receiver. Maybe Edelman will get some reps. Maybe I do gotta go pick up Edelman. All right, Julian Edelman, what are you made of, man? 96 feet, 94 jump. Great route running. Lot of great lunch pail guy for zero AP.  Route tech for one, short in elite for zero. Ooh, we got a little man coverage beater, man, right here. We can pick up the 92 Brian Allen for center and damn, there are literally no right guards in this game but I guess I'll get Tevin Jenkins for 110K. Who cares? What am I talking? I got 11 mil over here. This team is composed almost entirely of players I've literally never used. I'm so excited. All right, so best overall every position. We got a great offensive line. We got Cameron Bray and Gronk. Now Sammy Watkins, Julian Edelman who's boosted to a 98. Yuzama, Damien Williams and Russ. Defensively we got Ray Lewis holding out the fort. Carl Banks, Ernest Jones, Shaq Barrett, Kareem Jackson, Daniel Sorensen, McLeod, Harman, Naughty Shelton and Trey Flowers. This is dope. House rules is a long shot. Each team gets seven plays to score with double points for 20 plus yard touchdowns and one point for any play that goes for 10 plus yards. So it's first and goal from the 20. I get seven plays to get down into the end zone I guess. I'm so confused but I'm ready to play. We just gotta take advantage of Russell Wilson, Damien Williams and Julian Edelman. Let's see if Edelman can just torch this guy right out the gates. Hell no. I wouldn't say he torched him. Edelman over the middle, his, ooh broke the tackle. Let's go Edelman. Now it's third and goal away. So I'm getting seven plays here I think. Can you beat that Edelman?  So I got one single point for that. All right Edelman, I wanna see you cut like a savage here. I hate main coverage. This might be an L boys, might be an early L. We each only get the attempts that we get. Oh no, he's gonna get a point for that. No money spent. How about go outside? There's no way this is a no money spent team.  You have Quadfather and Brunel. Listen, there's a pretty simple equation gentlemen.  But if I win in a video game, it's because I'm better than you and you simply need to get good. It's still one to one baby. I just can't let up a big play.  Just goes with the draw. No way. How did that happen? Fumble. Oh, wait a minute. Big boy rumble. I gotta pitch it back. I gotta take this all the way to the house. Oh no. Oh my God. I could have just won the game right there. It was too chubby. Dude, if I had gotten that pitch and then I pitched it again and someone could have housed it, I would have won that. My offense was pitiful there though. We gotta get it together here boys. Tight window. I just tackled myself. I just tackled myself. He's gonna get double points for this. All right. Well, he gets a lot of points for that. So like, have I already lost now? I don't really get how this game mode works. I technically could win by getting a point first and then doing what he did. He's shading inside. I'm gonna give him a post. Nice. Catch Edelman. It's not entirely over but this ain't looking good for the boys right now. Edelman. Edelman, go. Go Edelman. Oh my God. I have a chance. Oh, he's going back there with Aaron Donald. He knows. I gotta do it anyway. Edelman. Edelman would have been solidified as it go if I had scored that. Toxic vibes. Oh, he's got the MMG. Maybe it's unrelated. Find that unlikely. Mr. MMG.  Wow, one of my own subscribers. Just absolute dog water. Pick six by Ray Lewis. Now they're just gonna end it. Hey, I got my first dog Ray Lewis with a snag. I lost. Hey, my bad. I'll make sure I don't pick six next time. Yeah, are you allergic to doing this right? How do you lose for getting a pick six in what universe? Dude, that's actually the meta. Should I try and throw pick six? Is the people get a free dub? Unbelievable. Looks like there's like finite ways that you can actually win and I have to play within those rules. I'm gonna go box number four. What was that route that Jefferson ran? That torched me. Just that post got me like that? All right, Ray Lewis. Let's just clamp the whole middle. You know it. Wait, I can't pick sixes. I can't pick sixes, right? Cause I lose. So that's what I have to do. I'm gonna give Edelman the corner out here. See how this sets up.  Edelman. He is nasty. That's what I got right now.  Edelman once again. Oh, maybe not. Tip drill. Oh no, if he returns that I lose. It's all up to Russ. Oh no, we're good. Actually, good job, Russ. You just saved the day. Now it's one to one. I don't know what happens now. Are we going into overtime? Did I just lose? You probably lose for that. Oh, it's Quintas. It's heads. Oh dude, I always do tails never fails. That was a misclick and I got it. Wait a minute. I throw one laser, Edelman. I win the game. I'm almost certain. I could have just thrown that to Edelman, but I'm a savage. I'm a hit break. I'm gonna win the ball game. Let's go. Challenge failed?  I just won it over time.  You lose if you win it over time.  You have to lose?   I literally just wasted 30 minutes of my life. I will never get those 30 minutes back. I'm gonna put this on Twitter.com.  Electronic Arts, bro. Get it together. What are we doing out here? I haven't won a game of lung shot despite winning the last two. Daniel Sorensen? All right, guys. We got the ball back out, friends. Now we just have to tiptoe and try and figure out how to win without losing. I mean that completely unironically. I have to figure out how to win without losing. See what Russ can do. Oh, Sammy, Sammy. What? Dude, this is so shitty. That's a great ball and a CV just doesn't go for it at all? Yeah, apparently I guess you do get experiences if you won, but it registers a loss no matter what you do. Edelman, what is this ball? Where are you throwing at? No way, you just came down with that. Okay, that was a horrible ball. That was shit, it just made a touchdown. But whatever, third and goal, holy shit, Russ. Psycho throw. That's what you should have done with it, Russ. Oh, just kidding. Russ, I was kidding, bro. Take a joke. I just suck. Honestly, today ain't my day. No, you're gonna lose like that. Don't do it, bro. Don't do it.  He doesn't know. Challenge failed, I lost, but he's seeing the same thing. So it's okay. This man I'm playing has Derek Cartcubie and Nick Foles at Wide Receiver. Come on, man.  Get up, Lewis. Now I gotta go lose the game. I gotta go lose the game for my team. We lose these, baby. Let's go. What a pick six. That's how you lose a ball game, gentlemen. Ooh, lurk the two-point. This guy's bill like that.  Where they constantly switch the balls? Is it like a speed boost? He gets two points for that. I still win the game, which means I still lose the game.   He's slow to get up, still return that thing to the crib. All right, gentlemen. That's enough madden for me today. I love you guys. I hope you enjoyed. I'll see you in the next one. Peace.


Add the Pittsburgh Steelers defense. There's a lot of good defensive plays this week, but those defenses are also rostered at a pretty high rate right now. You'll want to play New England against Buffalo, Arizona's D is in a bad play against San Francisco, and Houston's a pretty good play as well. But I like the Steelers. They're only owned in 13% of ESPN.com leagues, and they've got a good matchup against the Browns. Only Baltimore is averaging more sacks per game than Pittsburgh is, and no squad in football has surrendered more sacks than Cleveland has this year. With the Browns playing in Pittsburgh as big underdogs, the Steelers are a very strong streaming play.


My name is Sid, I'm the product leader at Coinbase Wallet, and today I want to talk to you guys about DApps, and specifically what does DApp adoption look like, and what can we do to get to where we are today, and to a new world where there's millions of users using DApps.  And we all think that, I think we all believe that DApps are the future of how consumers will experience crypto, right? It's a packaged product where people can go and do something that's based on crypto. And so we all share this excitement, right? If you look at this chart, I think some of you may have seen this before, but the numbers and the adoption has been staggering. The shun amount of building that's been happening, right? We're almost 20,000 ETH related GitHub repos, and that's amazing. That kind of adoption curve does not happen very often. And it's the same story with DApps, right? We've steadily seen the number of DApps increasing quarter on quarter, just been like steady growth. And from all of our conversations in the ecosystem, it's clear that this base is not going to, is only going to improve from here. And this tons more DApps in the pipeline that are about to get launched. But when you look at actual adoption and traction, right? Like the number of users using crypto, that hasn't really taken off. And so, you know, that's 13,000 users is about what you would get from like a second tier app in the app store, right? It's not across the entire ecosystem. And it's the same story with ETH transaction volumes, right? Like daily DApp volumes are tiny. And so what's going on, right? This is not good at all. Like what's happening? Like on the one hand you have an amazing amount of innovation, creativity, building, happening, this worldwide movement, but users aren't biting. And so what's going wrong? What can we do better and to get out of this situation? So before we dig in there though, like why do I care, right? Like what's the story? And I've been spending the last year working on this product Coinbase Wallet. Some of you may know it as Toshi. And for those who don't know it, it's an app in the app store and the Play Store. It's available to anyone to download.  We support all the Ethereum digital assets. So ERC-20 tokens, ERC-721 collectibles. We're also a DApp browser.  And so it's a really easy form factor and popular around the world to be able to use DApps on mobile. We were the first mobile DApp browser. We featured CryptoKitties back when they launched in December. We were also the first popular wallet to support collectibles. And so obviously CryptoKitties was the first and there's been hundreds more to come after that. And at this point we feature around 87 DApps. And it's really a cross-section of everything that's happening in the ecosystem. So there's all the financial services. You have decentralized exchanges. You have investment platforms, borrowing platforms. Then you have all of the games and collectibles, all of that entire kind of subspace. Then you have decentralized social media, decentralized marketplaces, and even jobs platforms where you can do stuff and earn in crypto. So pretty, quite a lot of activity going on. And we try and curate the best DApps and present them to our users so that they can find them easier, find what's hot, what's popular, what's useful. And then also we have some guardrails. So if you're new to crypto, we explain what DApps are, what ethers. So really the target audience is people that are relatively new and relatively inexperienced in crypto. So why did we even build Coinbase Wallet? I think the idea for us has been that you probably know Coinbase because of our first products, the brokerage and the exchange, and those were successful in onboarding millions of users into the investment phase of cryptocurrency. And the investment phase is really people buying crypto because it appreciates in value. But I think what we're all excited about, most excited about is the actual utility phase where people start to use crypto. And that's where Coinbase Wallet comes in, and it's the first of several products that we've launched in this space. And so we present this product to Coinbase users as being the gateway to the decentralized web where you can access all of these DApps. And so over the last year, we've just had this opportunity to engage with all the developers in the space, get to know all of you guys, get to know what you're building, try and create a platform to make DApps successful, and give them a stage to all of our users. And we also have the full spectrum of users, right? We have some very early adopters, and then we have like complete crypto nerds like a lot of us in the audience. And that gives us the kind of feedback which is much more kind of a lot more granular and like reactions of what people feel like when they first experience crypto. And so reflecting on all of these kind of exchanges, both with developers and people building DApps, as well as early adopters and users of crypto, right? We've come up with a list of the three things that we think are the most important, kind of hurdles to adoption. And so what's holding back DApp adoption is basically the first is use case, right? And I think it's the most fundamental problem that we have is like, what problem are these products and these DApps actually solving? The second is assuming that they're solving a good problem, how usable are the products? And the third is, are these products actually able to support many millions of users at scale? And so this is roughly ordered in what we think is the importance, right? First, you have to be solving an important problem. Second is, of course, then comes usability and then comes scalability. So let's tackle number one. So we were given, when ETH was created, right? We were given this amazing tool, right? A Turing complete programming language operating on top of a decentralized, borderless, trustless platform, right? Just something that we never had before. And for the first time, we had the concept of digitally native programmable value. And I think all of us agree that this building block is as powerful as the internet was when it first came along 30 years ago, right? Incredibly powerful, lots of promise. And what have we built with it so far? Well, mostly digital cats, right?  But really, when I go outside of our crypto community and I talk to people and they're like, hey, what's the most popular DApp in? And it's hard to keep a straight face when you have to tell them, well, it's been these digital cats that you can buy. And so the problem is that no one has yet built DApps that really solve user problems that people feel a lot of pain around. And so there isn't a DApp out there where people wake up every morning and there's hundreds of thousands of people that say, I really need this DApp. I need to use it, right? If the DApp didn't exist, that it would leave a vacuum in their lives. And so that's a bit of a hurdle, but maybe that's okay for the first generation, right? So we're increasingly seeing the first generation of DApps as being kind of primitives. These were, we were given a new technology a few years ago and we built proofs of concept, right? These are the things that you can do when you're given a smart contract platform, right? You can create fungible tokens. You can create non-fungible tokens. You can create identity on the blockchain. You can write smart contracts that enable trustless transfer. You can enable, you can create smart contracts that allow you to deposit assets and then withdraw them, withdraw collateral against those, those assets that you've deposited. You can create stable, stable coins. You can create state channels. So these are all proofs of concept of the things that we can do. But I think what needs to happen next is the next generation of DApps. And so, you know, Sam Altman of YCE once said, right? Like, make something that people want. And this has now become something of a mantra for, like, the startup factory that's YCE. And it is because this idea works, right? The next set of DApps, we need to change our mindset from developers that are kind of exploring and playing with this technology to entrepreneurs that are trying to build businesses and solve real problems. And the good news is that there's a playbook for this, right? There's an established playbook for this. You find problems that people really need to solve. You build a product around it. You talk to your users nonstop and iterate and improve the product. You figure out how you're measuring traction and hold yourself accountable to that. And then you have a strategic plan for how you're going to grow that business. And these are what we feel needs to happen next. So the next DApps will answer these questions, right? So what problems are we solving for users? What about crypto uniquely enables us to solve these problems for the first time that we couldn't solve before? And then, are these products that we're building, are they going to be 10 times better than anything else that exists today? And another thing to keep in mind is that we may find that we actually have to leave our comfort zones. And so traditionally, when you build a tech product, the early adopters were in Silicon Valley and it radiated out from there. But maybe where we need to go is kind of outside of this and go to places where people aren't being served by today's financial system. And so that's not normal, but maybe that's the new normal. That's where we have to go to find users and find adoption. Next, if you're trying to pitch your app, try and do it without using the word crypto or blockchain. It's not easy, right? Because for a lot of us, what's cool about our app is that it's using crypto or blockchain. But normal people don't really care about this. So this is another challenge when you go out and try and build a product for people. And you've got to keep in mind that game changing innovations, they eventually rule and they eventually take over, but it takes time. So obviously, when the motor car was first created, it took, I think, 23 years for us to actually embrace it and move away from horse-drawn buggies. And similarly, when the internet was first created, 30 years ago, there was this whole generation of entrepreneurs that immediately kind of thought of all of the new ideas that were going to come. They thought of everything that you could possibly do with the internet. And they built the first prototypes and they raised a lot of money and we saw the dot-com boom. And most of them ended up crashing because it was right idea, wrong time, just too early. And some, of course, survived. And so some of the biggest companies of today, Amazon and Google, started then and survived. So what we have to keep in mind is, when you look at the DAPS space today, there's a lot of that too. We have a lot of ideas that are amazing, really game-changing ideas. But is it too early for some of them? Probably. And so we have to figure out what are the ideas that will actually get traction in today's market. And so that's about finding the right use case and finding the right problems to solve. When we look at the DAPS that we have today, there are some teams that are super strong. We've even invested in some of them at Coinbase Ventures. They have strong entrepreneurial teams. They're talking to users, trying to solve real problems, trying to fix scalability issues. But when we talk to them, they say that the number one issue that they're having is actually usability. And so that's, I think, the next thing that we want to talk about is, what's the state of usability and how can we help improve that? So I think we all agree that the state of DAPS today and using DAPS today is pretty awful, right? So just to get started, you have to first install a wallet app or a browser extension.  Then you've got to go to crypto to fiat exchange or fiat to crypto exchange and buy crypto. Then you've got to copy and paste your wallet address over to the exchange and send the money across. Then you wait for five or 10 minutes. The money shows up. You've got to click off your transaction.  Then you come to terms with that. You enter the transaction, wait a few more minutes. The UI updates and finally it's like mission accomplished. And that's pretty painful. And I think most of us here in the room today, we have this dream that we want to replace. We have this new technology that can build an open financial system and we want to replace like the entrenched interests of Wall Street, right? But here's the problem. The user experience today, because of Fintech, the user experience on traditional finance has become really, really good. And so there's, and both the user experience and the distribution. So there's a billion people around the world that have visas and master cards and they can make electronic payments anywhere at any time. With Stripe, developers can start to accept crypto payments with just a couple of lines of code in 60 seconds. I can send money to my family in India with Transferwise, basically overnight for like maybe 10 bucks, right? Apps like Venmo, Alipay, WeChat, you can send money like sending a text message. Google Pay, Apple Pay, make it really easy to just check out. And so whether we like it or not, we're trying to replace a system that has set a really high bar for usability. And that's a lesson we learned at Coinbase pretty early. If you look at our website five years ago, you look at our website today, the pitch remains the same. We're like, if you want to buy crypto, we are the easiest place to do it, the easiest and the most trustworthy place to do it. And that worked really well for us, right? There were dozens of other exchanges back then, there are dozens of exchanges now. And they're all offering the same basic thing of buying crypto, but we were able to differentiate ourselves by creating a good user experience. And so that's something which, you know, we're now trying to bring to Coinbase wallet. And we're trying to bring that same ethos. And over the next few months, what you're gonna see is, we're gonna try and make it really easy to fund your wallet. We're gonna try and make it easier to use recovery phrases and manage that and actually not have to manage it at all if you can avoid it. We're trying to break the boundaries of the DAP browser. So we don't want you to have to only open a DAP browser and use DAPs. We want you to be able to use them anywhere. We want you to be able to send to friends and not to like 40 digit addresses. We want you to be able to discover DAPs more easily. And finally, we want to also enable commerce. We want it to be really frictionless to be able to go and buy stuff on the internet with crypto. So our goal is, I showed you this chart before, our goal is to drastically reduce the friction involved with onboarding. We know that when DAPs builders create DAPs, they do a lot of work to get people onto their DAP and then they have to hand their customer off to a wallet. We take that responsibility pretty seriously and so we're trying to fix the experience.  They're sharing their knowledge and really they're helping us see whether we're a wallet builder or a DAP builder. They're helping us see the space from just a different lens from the lens of a beginner and we're all crypto nerds and we're so immersed in the mark of the technicalities but with good design, we can really try and fix that. So if you don't already follow these people, you should, they're all awesome and they're bringing a ton of fresh thought and energy into the space. Last option, scalability, last hurdle to adoption. Now let's assume that you found a good problem to solve. You're an entrepreneur, you've decided you found a good problem to solve, you've built a really good app around it, you've used good design principles, you've tested with your users and you're now an overnight success, right? You've cracked it, you've got like tens of thousands of users, you're like, okay, we've made it with the next crypto kitties and then immediately this happens, right? And we know this will happen because it happened a few months ago, right? Or it happened last year. Immediately the network transaction load will spike, fees will blow up, the network will crash and your app goes to hell, right? And we talked to a lot of people outside of crypto that are looking in and these could be game developers from big game studios, they could be fintech entrepreneurs that have had a success in traditional finance and are trying to launch something in crypto. And their feedback is always like, Sid, if you tell me that my upper limit of users is like 50 or 60,000 if I build on crypto, that's not worth it for me, it's a deal breaker, I can't do it. And so we, I think that's a really fair point, right? And so how do we fix the problem, right? And so I'm not gonna go into the details of this, there's enough talks you just heard from Amin and Arjun, but the options basically come down to this. We either go with core scaling, right? And serenity is expected to show up, but then it's not showing up for at least a year or two. And so that's a long while to wait, although it'll be a game changer. Or if it makes sense for your app, if you're building a payments app or something that's between two parties, state channels is a great approach, right? State channels and payment channels. And so there's a few great projects there that you can experiment with, but it's very early stage. You just, once again, you just heard from Amin about the hack. We're still, you know, this is what happens when we're learning, right? Like you get hacked because you're learning, we're still putting things together. So it's too early to put any of these into real production. And then if it makes sense for your app, there's also side chains. So there's a bunch of side chains projects that you can look at a different approach and make sense if you need visibility to what's going on. And so that's another thing to consider. So quick recap of what we covered. Most important thing you can do if you're building a app. Solve a real problem, talk to users, figure out what is an actual pain point and what, like we've come up with what we can build. Now we need to figure out what we should build. Second is let's create a great usability and great experience around it. And third, let's start experiment with these scalability options. And I'm pretty convinced that if we tackle all three of these, we're gonna see some breakout successes in 2019 and I'm pretty stoked to see that. So next stop, Moon. Thank you. Thanks. Questions specifically for mobile. Probably many people are aware that you had some trouble with Apple because they want their 30% cut in the app store and this model has worked really well until crypto hit. So just wondering if you had some thoughts on how you think to avoid issues where Apple wants a cut or maybe Google in the future or Amazon or whoever. Cause it is a payment in their ecosystem at least from their perspective, right? Yeah, I think it's a little bit early days I think when before we begin to actually start to compete with these products, with these giants. And so I think we're just gonna have to see how that plays out. I think the equation will develop over time and relationships will develop over time. I honestly don't have an easy answer to how the community will navigate it and how the incumbents will navigate it. It's just not clear at this point. Thanks. Not totally related, but still, I think also UX. What do you think about gas relayers?  And there's this new interesting concept that somebody else could pay gas for the user so that they at least initially don't have to deal with it. Do you have any thoughts on that? Yeah, absolutely. We love the idea of gas relayers of meta transactions. Frankly, anything that reduces the user burden and makes these transactions just disappear into the background. It's a little bit early. I think they're basically being prototyped as we speak. And so that's definitely something we're also looking at, how to engage with it, how to start to deploy those. But yeah, it's a little bit early. Hey, I was curious about, you were also building a in-web widget as well, right? What's the background on that right now? Sure, so we had announced doing that and then we had a bit of a rethink and we were like, well, what is, if we actually want dApps to be available everywhere, do we just try and be on one more platform, which is in web browsers, or do we try and be on every platform? So we're actively trying to figure out what our place should be for web and hopefully we should have some announcements in the next month or two. Also for gas, have you thought about maybe changing the name of gas fee to just fee? Because it seems like from the last talk that people don't really care about paying gas fees, but if we just change the language to just fees, would that help? You know, I think it's an open question. It's something worth testing. I think one of the issues is that when you're talking to a new user, when you tell them there's a fee, they usually assume that you're taking the fee. We're not taking the fee, right? Like wallets don't take the fee. And so I think if you make it clear that it's a gas fee and you try the concept back to what's going on on the blockchain and the miners, that's something we've tried to use helpful language inside the app. But I think there's the danger that if you just say the word fee, that people are going to assume that it's our fee and be like, oh, you're charging too much. Well, we're not, right? So, yeah. Oh, so people have, for example, now gone free for peeps. Is that a problem? Because you kind of don't want users to suddenly go back into that mindset of, well, look, someone else is dealing with paying for all of this stuff. Isn't it? And we're sacrificing that obviously for convenience. Is that the wrong sacrifice to make? You want users to actually have a sense of control over what they're doing and remind them in a kind of educative way.  Yeah, that's a great question. I don't know if necessarily making people pay money is the best way to illustrate that they're in control, but I get your point about the incentive system. If someone else is paying for you and if they say, if the product is free, then you are the product, right? And so there's a danger of that. I think there's going to be three or four different kinds of like business models that appear over crypto, right? You could see that one state channels appear and payment channels appear. And are in production and reliable that you won't have the problem of fees anymore as much. And so maybe that problem goes away in the next six months. You mentioned a couple of times the reasons for success for apps to get mass adoption. What I'm wondering is, do you think that the same reasons apply automatically to dApps or where could there be differences between dApps and apps in very strategic terms to become successful? Sure, I think dApps and apps from a user perspective should be the same thing, right? They don't care about whether it's based on a decentralized technology, but it's really about can we leverage the fact that we have programmable value and that it has without borders, without permissions, can we create a really powerful product there where traditional financial applications, they have to KYCU, you have to be in a certain geography, you have to have permission to operate on their product. Crypto changes all of that. So can you create programs that make use of that, right? I think that's where you can actually create a product where even the user doesn't know they're using crypto. It's suddenly much more powerful because it's available to more people and because it's more efficient with value. So how much time do we have left? Maybe 30, does it say? Oh, we have a minute. Okay, very last question. First, thank you so much for emphasizing the need for use cases. We need to actually have things that people need. Web versus native and enterprise, what is your take on the priorities in those spaces? Sure, so I'll comment on web versus native and not the enterprise because frankly, I haven't paid any attention there, whereas web versus native, I've spent a lot of time thinking about that. We started off as a native, the incumbent was metamask, we started off as a native product. I think I reflect back on what's happened with the internet today, which is that half the activity on the internet for the long tail of activity is in web, but for any product that is successful, they eventually want to build their own native experience that controls the experience and because the native just is a richer format and a more powerful format for that. And so once again, we're actively trying to think about how can, at the same time, the problem with going completely native and creating native experiences in crypto is that if you created a wallet in each native experience, users would be completely fragmented where their identity would be fragmented across different native apps, their assets would be fragmented across different native apps. It would actually impede the value of crypto and if you actually had a different wallet in all of these different native apps. And so we've actively been grappling with, we already serve, our dApps are all on the web today. We want to serve native clients. We want to be a wallet for native products. And so we're coming up with a strategy and a product offering for that. You should see that in the next couple of months. Awesome, give it up one more time for Sid. Thank you, thanks everyone.


You gotta be time where you can let your mind just be still and not always have to entertain yourself. It's a big problem if you always have to entertain yourself. You'll never think of big thoughts.


So, Manus says Hitler has found out that the one that seeks immortal glory is coming for him. And in this fan-made video, we're going to find out just how Hitler is taking this news. So let's check it out. I didn't invite Santa.  I sure didn't invite Santa. It's pretty funny. It's meant for me to find it or not. It's in one of these. I've got a ton of downloads on my desktop right now. But you had me fighting the Avengers, swinging the hammer, throwing lightning and everything. And I don't know why I have to find it. Anyway, I appreciate that one too. That was pretty cool. Thanks again, y'all. If you enjoyed the reaction, hit the like button, subscribe and share. If you didn't, hit the like button, subscribe and share. One million subscribers. Woo!


In 2018, the Arkansas Department of Agriculture was created out of several different agencies when we transformed into one. So those other agencies were the Arkansas Forestry Commission, the Arkansas State Plant Board, the Arkansas Livestock and Poultry Commission, and the Natural Resources Commission. We all combined to create the Department of Agriculture. In that role, we do law enforcement for any of the diverse agriculture in the state of Arkansas, which includes timber theft, could include livestock theft, anything farm-related, tractor theft, farm equipment theft, anything to do with agriculture, that's the kind of crimes we want to look at. Let's start in-state first. So we work with all the sheriff's offices and the city police departments in the state. So we're an assisting agency, we're here to help them. And what I mean by assisting them is simply this, the sheriff's office is busy. They've got a multitude of different crimes, which include murder, rape, drugs, anything that. What we work is property crimes, you know. Some people view them as less important, but those people have been harmed, they don't view them as less important. So we try to step in and assist the sheriff's officers with that. Now we're a little different than the sheriff's office is, we've got these outside agencies outside the state. So we work with close with Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, up in the Missouri, over in Mississippi. We have cases with all of these. So a lot of times property crimes, what is stolen, is transported directly out of state. So if that happens, we've got the ability to call those other agencies in other states and knowing them, they're familiar with us, and we can ask them to help us out, look for this certain item. I grew up on a farm, my grandfather and my dad, down in Scott County, have always ran cattle. We just beef cattle, nothing. But all my life we've been in farming pigs, chickens, hogs, everything. Like I said, my dad is 82 years old this year, and I mean, that's his livelihood. My grandfather was too, and my brother and a lot of my family is all farmers, and not that the sheriff's office don't do what they do, but it's just kind of like we specialize in this, and be able to help those farmers that's lost stuff, and be able to work them directly, and to help get some kind of restitution for them is just a great honor. I think just helping the people, the farmers, I mean, they're the heart of Arkansas. I mean, when it comes to men and women, this is the largest industry in the state of Arkansas, and there's a lot of people's livelihood that, you know, is born and raised on a farm, and it takes care of their family through those means, and when somebody steals from them, just be able to help them and let them know there's somebody out there that cares to take care of them, and it's more personal, you know, and it's just a truly a blessing to be able to help people like that. A lot of people don't know who they can ask, you know. I mean, we're a small agency working the largest industry in the state of Arkansas, which is agriculture, and so we're the smallest agency doing that, so we're spread then, but with that being said, the AG department is very supportive of us, and we have other assistant people inside the agency, you know, and number two, I just want the farmers and ranchers out there to know that we're here for them. We work for them. We want to help them. We don't make them whole again for what they've been taking, what's been taken from them.  No matter how small it is, it's important to them. If it's important enough for them to call us, it's important enough for us to go look at it. As soon as they find out that their cattle are missing, or find out that their horses are missing, or find out that their tractors are missing, I want them to contact us then as soon as possible. So the easiest way to do that is simply go to our website, you know, agriculture.arkansas.gov. Go to there, click on the law enforcement link, file a complaint. That'll instantly email me. Once it emails to me, I'll get it. I'll figure out which investigator is working in that area. I'll get it to him. He'll make contact with that person and let them know we're here for you. We're going to be there to support you.


In this video, I'll show you how I take penalties in soccer. I went through a period of missing way too many penalties, but with a few changes, I'm much more consistent. Check out these tips and hopefully it will help you do the same. If you don't know about me, I used to be a huge underachiever, but through obsessive self-improvement, I found my success. Earned a college scholarship, played for my national football team, a YouTube channel with over 100 million views, I've helped players worldwide and I'd love to help you improve faster and achieve more. So number one, you want to take the penalty. As soon as the foul is committed, you're the guy who steps up and says, yes, I am confident I am going to score this thing. When everyone else is looking around saying who's going to take it, you're coming to get the ball. Okay, so number one, you have to want to take it and two, believe that you can actually score. So when you put that ball down on the spot, in your mind, you're not thinking about missing. You're not thinking about everyone being upset. You're thinking about being confident. You're thinking this is a goal. This is another goal on my stats. This is another goal that's going to help my team win. Okay. Everything that you're thinking is about putting the ball in the net. I don't feel like I'm too centered. We'll go like that. Okay, so traditionally, if people tell you, come up, pick your spot, know where you're going to go. Hit it there with pace. Hit it there with purpose. Okay. So if I'm approaching the penalty and I want to hit it, don't miss the net like that. And that's the only problem I have with that. I hit a good shot, but it was a bit too hard. Now personally, I've gone through that. I've hit good penalties and I've hit too many posts more than I would like. So what I've done, started to do is I take a different approach to penalties. Okay. I set up like I'm going to do the exact same thing. So I set up like I'm going to whip it into the top corner or whip it into the bottom corner and I'll come back like I'm going to do a big run up and I'll start sprinting at the ball. But then at this second, right before I hit it, I look up and I see what the keeper is going to do. And if I see that he went to that side, just a little bit. If he just took one step, then I'm just going to calmly pass it in the other corner.  So don't hesitate. Again, put the ball down.  And then I see that his body position went a little bit that way. So I just put it in the other corner. So number one, confidence. You want to take the penalty. You want to score the goal. Number two, everything going in your mind is saying positive things about, yes, this is going in the net. I'm going to score. I'm going to win this game for my team. The next thing is your choice. So I want you to do whatever is comfortable for you. I choose what's comfortable for me, but you need to do what's best for you. And like I said, I've hit a lot of penalties in my day. We'll go again. Ready? And you can take that approach, hit a nice hard penalty into either corner. If that works for you, then that's what I want you to do. However, for me personally, I've hit too many posts. I've missed the net a couple of times where I've hit a really hard shot, but the keeper made a great save. And I feel taking this new approach by looking at the keeper and reacting to what he does. I increased my chances of scoring the penalty. So one thing I want to say when you're doing this, the reason I can get away with this and other players don't is because I act like I'm about to run up and blast as hard as I can. There's no hesitation in my stride until I'm at this point. And then I react to him. What some people do is they have a very hesitant, very slow run up. So their run up is more like this. And they're watching the keeper, but the keeper knows that he's waiting for him to dive so he can react quickly. Maybe not today, but on a different day. Okay, so when you're doing that, if you're going to choose that method, act like you're sprinting at that ball. You're going to hit it full force.  If you like this content, check out the Soccer Success Planner. You can download it for free. There's a link in the description below. And for advanced training, check out the Online Soccer Academy.


Oh hi, it's Friday and that means it's an FNA. Yeah, and today's part two of how an environment can make your animation better So today I want to show you a couple examples of a few different movies where certain different types of Influences on the character can kind of make the character fit within the environment better and because of that I think that your animation can benefit from it your character can react to certain elements driven by the environment driven by Something that goes by a character or certain temperature changes and there are many more examples I want to show you those via a few different movies So let's start right away with Star Trek what I like in this example is that the actors were instructed to kind of look up and React or can pretends to react to a shuttle flying by and what's cool to me is that Certain moments when the character looks up the shuttle actually flies by and because the engine or whatever You know the turbulence that a shuttle might create you can see how the hair reacts So to me it's not just a character in a scene or could be a blue screen a green screen and all that CG stuff happens in The back and the characters are not really affected by it They don't react to it don't look at anything and I think the moment where if something happens next to your character It's say your character just stands around it's something big a plane or a car or whatever it is And the character talks to someone and then acknowledges just to do a look or kind of a wins or whatever It is that affects the character. I think that helps the character kind of blend together with the environment It's not just two separate pieces. They kind of feed off of each other another example I want to show here is from skull Island in this case I think something that's actually not quite working is her reaction So as she turns around everybody's firing behind her and that stuff is loud You get a lot of gunfire behind her and what doesn't she do she doesn't wins. She doesn't blink There's no reaction. So to me it just feels kind of fake It feels like something that was added by the muzzle flash and the noise and all that stuff You don't have all those guns actually shooting behind an actor, which is a bomber I mean the bomber is like would be dangerous But I think if you have this in a scene where a character looks and in her case It would be something where it would be surprising She's already odd by whatever she sees. They then suddenly have really loud gunfire At least the blink if not a bit of a wins So if your character sees something and then something else happens behind them next to them something unexpected Try to have that character react to that and be it through a look or kind of a wins Or whatever it is that could be because of heat or because of noise or it could be because of something like wind So let's take an example from a Batman versus Superman So you have Bruce Wayne going up there and you see all those bats flying around flying around What is missing from the kid if you look at the hair the hair is not moving You have all those things flying around flapping his little wings, but there's so many bats It would have some sort of effect on the kids face. The kid could be I mean not I mean, it's already odd by floating up there kind of a dream sequence But it could be something where it doesn't have to be like a wincing thing But at least the hair should be reacting I know I'm being super picky and I would hope that you would not not get hired because your character's hair is not moving because of a car driving by or a big dragon landing and flap it swings But I think it could be cool where if your character says something Here's my dragon and the dragon lands and flaps its wings and kind of shuffles the hair around that the character could then readjust it or kind of flap around or I mean cool Whatever it is that could be a scarf that then goes into the character's face and could take it down You could have that in a comedic fashion But I think it would be cool that the character would react to that So it doesn't feel like two separate pieces in your scene. A good example to me would be Lord of the Rings I love this shot when the arrows fly by and agent Smith Reacts with his wins the hair moves It's just so cool and I remember seeing this in theaters where it was so cool that he was there It was part of that environment stuff was flying by and he was just part of that action And it didn't feel like just a character on some stage with the green screen and then stuff added in the back BSEG and all that I thought it was really cool I think it really really added to that intensity of that moment another good example would be Tomb Raider I thought that was kind of neat that when the torch the light comes on next to her that she would react She's already absorbed by whatever she sees in front of her so having something go off next to her She will kind of react and then continue with her business again anything that starts and being you know a fire that starts or a light or a Sound like anything that you care to could react to I think would be neat and then you can Escalate that could just be a character reacting to it But could be in a comedic fashion where the reaction would be bigger They could could say something could pantomime of something it doesn't have to be something small It's up to you to make it bigger Maybe that will be a focal point of your shot speaking of fire There's a great scene in our man, too when the fire goes off You see this big flame and you have the bad guy reacting to the heat I mean that would assume it's a stunt guy But he takes a step back because if you've ever grilled anything I know if you have or you have seen play That's a kid from a fire don't fire. That's hot. So imagine that massive fire there This is gonna burn your face off So you're gonna take a step back because that heat is pretty brutal So if it was just a green screen or a CG effect the character just kind of stands there That's kind of lame and speaking of that movie There's actually a cool scene where an explosion goes off and the hair goes up because of the shockwave Super nerdy. It's super tiny. I love that stuff and speaking of wind There's a recent trailer for the new Godzilla movie where the actress turns around and then the flag goes down The flag goes back up and it would have been cool to have some sort of effect on her hair So that it doesn't feel like this is a CG flag that just happens to go up when it needs to But then she is not really reacting to it or at least the hair is not again Does it break the shot? No, but it's just kind of a nerdy detail thing that I love in movies And if you have control over the shot be it at home or you have creative control in your scene at work I mean this could be really cool to add to the scene and kind of again makes those two together So it feels like she is part of the environment Environment affects her and so on and so on so lots of little examples some good stuff some bad stuff and bad stuff It's all subjective and those are definitely things that I nerd out But I think it's really cool when it works and sometimes just stands out to me when it doesn't work And that's very subjective for other people and might work in a solely fine, but you know when I do a shot I think what could I do? What could I do with my character in that scene? It's pretend it's a CG character and it's at work You have a live action plate Is there anything in the plate that I can use so that the character that CG reacts to that? So it feels once you have all the final rendering and compositing it already looks real so that they kind of work together So if something happens in terms of heat or wind or an explosion or a shake or whatever It is that have your character react to it and I'm repeating myself So it doesn't feel so separate, but I think if you just go that one extra step It just kind of helps even if it's on a subconscious level and the audience doesn't go away. That's missing I think they will somehow feel it and it's gonna make the movie better and by better I mean like 0.001% But then again, I just saw Mission Impossible fallout and just knowing that Tom Cruise is there doing all the stunts He just adds an extra level of holy moldy. This is awesome He's right there and that's just something I like if you don't like that you can comment You can see I don't like this and if you haven't subscribed yet Why not subscribe and hit that bell button so that you get all notifications to all my uploads and That's always if you've watched the whole thing till the very end. I say thank you I think I'm gonna watch Mission Impossible fallout again next week. That movie has me pumped I'm still pumped from seeing it yesterday. It was so good. Watch it if you can and if you've seen it Let me know what you like by going back on the topic If you have any other scenes where something happens to a character be it a car that crashes The fire that goes off an explosion sound or something else that kind of triggers a reaction in the character It makes the shot that much more believable. Let me know. I would love to get more examples and that's it for now Thanks for watching


In this video I want to solve the polynomial equation x cubed plus one equals zero. I want to solve this for all of its complex roots. Notice if I subtract one from both sides I end up with x cubed is equal to negative one and therefore solving this polynomial equation is equivalent to finding all of the complex cube roots of negative one. Therefore I'm going to solve this equation using the technique of complex roots. So let's take our number negative one here. This is going to be our complex number z. If we put this into its polar form its modulus is going to equal one. Its argument is then going to equal pi. That is to say e to the pi i is equal to negative one. That's the observation we're using here. Therefore x if we take the cube root of both sides will give us e to the well we have to replace we have to replace this angle with anything that is coterminal to it. So we actually take you have to take pi plus 2 pi k you have to consider all those possibilities there. So you're going to cut that by a third in which case that's going to give us pi thirds plus 2 pi thirds k. And so we are going to end up with three possible complex roots. So the first one the principal root we'll call it w zero here. This is going to be e to the i pi thirds plus 2 pi thirds times zero like so. The next one would be w one. This is when that value k is equal to one in that situation. So you get i pi thirds plus 2 pi thirds times one. And then the last one we'll do that one in red. We'll call it w two. That's equal to e to the i pi thirds plus 2 pi thirds times two like so. And so then we just need to simplify these numbers here. Well of course with the first one since you have 2 pi thirds times zero just disappears. So we just have to consider the complex number e to the pi i over three. This is the same thing as cosine of pi thirds plus i sine of pi thirds which is the same thing as one half plus i root three over two. So this is our first cube root of negative one. What about w one here? What's the next one? In this case you times by the one you end up with e to the i. We have to add these together. That's going to be a three pi over three which I can simplify that thing. That's going to be e to just the pi i. Oh that's equal to negative one. We saw that earlier. And this is actually the real this is the real cube root that we're used to like take the cube root of negative one. But yeah negative one cubed is negative one so it's its own cube root as well. We detected that one. Clearly this is a non real cube root of negative one. And what about the last one here w two? We're going to take two times two times two pi thirds. That of course is going to give us four pi thirds. Like so add those exponents together. We get e to the i times five pi thirds like so. And so the last one is going to give us e excuse me it's going to give us cosine of five pi thirds plus i sine of five pi thirds. So now remember the angle five pi thirds. This is an angle in the fourth quadrant that references pi thirds. And so this is the same thing as cosine of pi thirds. In fact minus i sine of pi thirds. Which just kind of feels like what we did before right. This is going to equal one half minus i root three over two. Like so. Which let's come up for a second. All right. So look at our complex roots here. So we had one half plus i root three over two. We had negative one which is the real one which could is easier to predict. And then we have one half negative i root three over two. I want you to notice that these numbers right here are actually complex conjugates to each other. Notice the change of signs like so. We actually get as a consequence of the fundamental theorem calculus that whenever you have a real polynomial like in this case x cubed plus one equals zero. If you're trying to solve a polynomial equation and you get complex roots they always come in they always come in conjugate pairs. And so as you're cycling through these roots like you this k value as it ranges from zero to two. When you get through the second half the second half is just going to be conjugates of the first half. And so that actually can speed up the process dramatically here as we're trying to look for these roots. Solving these polynomials right. I actually could have skipped this entire step here. Could have ignored all of this knowing that hey if this was a solution then its conjugate would have been another solution as well. So once I did this one the first one and then I figured out negative one I could have been like oh conjugate got me the last one. So I could actually sped up this process. But for the sake of example I went through all of them here.