Hi everyone, I'm Pooja Pariswani and today I'll be speaking about we are internet of things and their combination So when we are meets IOT life beyond second life So before that let me introduce myself. I'm a tech speaker in Mozilla and a social media specialist at Holgatech media and an electronics engineer So now coming back to the point What is virtual reality?  So that is actually virtual reality of an example of virtual reality You are basically dreaming, but you're but with your eyes open so Yeah, so now there are four Key elements which are required to experience the virtual reality The first one is the virtual world which you are going to explore. So this is a this is The picture or the scene you are going to explore to get the experience and The next is the immersion Which means you have to present you have to be present at do that into that virtual world both mentally and physically and Then comes the interactivity where you have to interact and show your immersion into that virtual world and Last but not the least is the sensory feedback since you are exploring that virtual world You are there you you are present into that World and you're interacting there should be some feedback So that feedback is sensory feedback, which is which can be in the form of audio video or sometimes in the form of motion So now Let's have a glimpse of how it all started. So in 90s The virtuality was there. They built a set of games for our kids So these were the actually the 3d games, which which allows you to play the games and they they were the They were present the malls, but Unfortunately, this is how it looked like and so the as you can see the graphics were so poor at that time So virtuality folded by the late 90s. So coming to the today scenario Yeah, so coming to this today scenario Nowadays, there are large number of startups venturing in virtual reality and A huge variety of VR Headsets are available in the market as you can see from the very cheapest and the simplest one Which is the Google the IY box to the very high-end one. You can use whatever you want according to your convenience and need so And All the credit goes to the smartphone era your smartphones today are so advanced that you cannot even they have so many features Available today that you cannot even imagine To get a go available in your high-end laptops or high-end computers devices so and everything in your phone is a smartphone is connected Connected to the cloud and speaking of cloud like In 2017 Around 98% of the VR devices sold were off or mobile devices So, yeah, mobile mobile set smartphone Hera has a huge impact in VR Virtual reality. So, yeah, speaking of cloud as so internet of things came into my into the frame and You can actually everything which is connected to the internet and Is communicating and sharing the data exchanging the data Comes into internet of things. So, yeah, these things now like like what is internet of things? So, yeah, things can be any devices which is connected to the internet and is sharing the data and Basically communicating with each other in into the form of the data See, yeah Then why iot why do we need it? So one of the One of the major promise of iot is to make world a smarter place Which can only be happen When you have the right information at the right time So, basically you have iot main motto is to give Access to all the information at the right time So, yeah, it's literally everywhere as As my as in the previous two talks you have already heard about the presence of iot It's literally everywhere.  Yeah So, yeah now these two technologies virtual reality and iot are separately a huge Booming so what wonders can happen when we combine these two? so the the foremost thing is the telepresence so Telepresence is actually like you make phone calls and you can send your voice at a distance So with the help of telepresence you can actually be at distance While not being there. So, yeah, in which we are will give you the vision and iot will give you the sense of here Hearing touch and control so and By combining these two together. You can actually open Were a door to a new whole new world so So With the availability of low-cost small size sensors you can you can enable the things in virtual reality Communicate to the things which are actually real. So The it's an ultrasonic sensor If if I use this as you can see it's very small and it is as cheap as $1 and by using this Small sensor. I can if I put this sensor in this this door So I can get the information about the state of the door like whether the door is open or it's closed Like how many times the door has been open or closed? So yeah, these all things you can actually do with this combination Yeah this is so I Along with my team we built a prototype of telepresence bot For farming purpose. So yeah, this is the picture taken by that bot So, yeah, and the prototype of the bot consists of an ordinal Which is connected to in Raspberry Pi. So basically the Raspberry Pi's The Wi-Fi in build Wi-Fi in the Raspberry Pi is giving commands to that ordinal and the ordinal is controlling the motors for the which and the motors are responsible for the motions and like and the and it and a camera is Mounted over the motors Having the pan and tilt motion. So the pan I'll show you the demo at the last how the pan and tilt motion works there and there are four sensors which are used as like a humidity sensors lights and soil moisture sensor and Temperature sensor and these sensors are actually the name itself Defining the functions of them and at the user end. There is a VR device headset along with a mobile device where the user can actually move his head and can see the field and see and see the actual Scene of that where the bot is being placed So, um Yeah, here I can explain you Some see the farming bot has the camera which is streaming the video of the field What's the main? scenario in this case, it's the field or agricultural field and the motions are The bot is moving left right up Forward and backward and the other one is for the camera pan and tilt So pan and tilt will work since the mobile devices you are using in inside your inside of your devices So when you move your head So it will move like that and you can see the and you can feel the virtual reality Your telepresence there and the sensors here are for the of measuring the various Parameters required for the agriculture So um, so the major advantage of this bot is that It is designed using the web server and which is accessible via internet So a farmer can log in and log in from anywhere in the world and can see the entire scenario of the field and can measure and can measure the the Various parameters and can see okay. What what is happening? What is actually happening at the field while not presenting actually at the field? so it can it can enable various it can enable the farmer to prevent the field from various threats like droughts and and floods and can also help farmer to maintain their field and in like in Ease of farming and it cannot actually provide the ease of farming So um, these are the few readings we got results and graphs we got from the bot So the soil reading Here says since the bot was moving towards the High moisture area from the low moisture area you can see the reading patterns here and The temperature reading here shows that a drop since the bot was in the functioning mode for eight hours So you can see the temperature down and up Since it was a span off from day to night and the light there shows Since the bot was moving it went under the shade so you can see the drop in the light and It was there the patterns shows that it was moving under the shed and it came out of the shed see Now apart from this farming and One of them what are the other applications of telepresence so There are many places which you cannot Which where the human presence is not actually possible or it's Really difficult even if it's possible. It's really difficult for humans to present at that time and there so like medical training and distance Education interactive learning and workshops and many other things can be done like mining maintenance is One of the most difficult thing where you human presence is like they are risking their lives So you can use telepresence for my mining maintenance and military in defense and many other applications can be Presence there and Since we and my team is my team and I are working on the prototype and for and we are adding more features to it So yeah, and also It's a best solution for a long-distance relationship. So yeah Okay, let me show you the demo for how it works the pan and tilt as You as you can I guess not visible here So as you can see as you're moving your head up and down and right and left the bots head is also moving See So this is how it works also an example of How you can solve your other problems as well So you can actually be there by not even being there So yeah, this is it any questions Yes It's it won't take much time. It's like it's really responsive when you move the head So yeah, it will show the exact response. So there is no more delay in that at least a negligible one You can say that I Sorry sorry Yeah for for inside the lab it was a Negligible one but for long distance here We have to test it because we haven't tested it yet, but yeah, there might be a delay, but not that much So yeah, there will be a like minor one, but not that much that yeah Any other questions? No more questions. Okay. So anyways If you feel like you have any other questions you can tweet me at so this is my Twitter handle You can tweet me. I'll be more than happy to answer all your questions So this is it for today. Thank you You


I guess we're going for the biggest, right? Right, but she can't seem to hook them yet, so... She's eating her bait. She'll get one. Ah, he snagged me. He's got me under a snag. Alright, got him out. Yep. Well, he got himself out. He got himself out. Yes. Fish number three. Yep, that's bigger than all mine. So, alright, you took the lead with the biggest, and I got another snag. Alright, so Monkey's got one, but she's in the lead because it's the biggest fish so far. I think I'm recording. I can't see her there. Went to buy some line. We stopped at a bait and tackle place, and they had the line I wanted, which was 15-pound monofilament, 25 yards.  You know, I've been casting almost 100 yards right now, but I'm like 25 yards for $14. I'm like, no way, man. I mean, what good's that going to do? I have Monkey beat on this one. I'm pretty sure. I may have you beat. He's a fighter. You might want to pull your line in because I don't know where he's at. I'm not sure if he's... Yeah, he sees that like out in front of me. They're all for me. Where do you want them? They still count. You're still counting. No, it doesn't. Yes, it does. No, it does not. It does. It does not count. Yeah, that was pretty good. Ah, I'm sorry. He was big. He was big. Oh, it broke it. Fish number four. A hunt to the long net was good 15-pound. At least. She got her crab. We were just not 10 seconds ago. I said, they're probably crabs. There's a lot of crab in here. And she's like, I got a crab. He's not as big as the one that broke my pole. But I'm going to know. He's pretty good size, I think. Yeah, he spooled me out. He's a little bit. Yeah, he took all my line out. That's a good size. No. No, it ain't. But there's no way I can get him up to you. I know this one will break. If it broke that line. Yeah. Well, it broke the rod. The net is short, eh? Yeah, he is. Watch my line.  Almost. I'm sorry. Go under him. Go under him. There you go. Pull him up. All right, now hand me the... That's a little one compared to the first one. Two pounds. I think about the size of the last one, but not the first one. He was huge. Trying to set my drag. There we go. He's spooling me. No, as big as the first one. No, I don't think. I'm gonna have to fight him for a minute. I won't be able to get him up out of the water at all. Not with this rig. Gotta go down. Can't. As far as I can go, that's my arm. You gotta go quick. I don't know what happened or wrong with that. I hope that's not the one we sold. Let's get our scale here. Turn this scale on. Whenever you turn it on. Make sure it's straight up and down. See, it's got to weigh that hook. So, zero is out, you know what I mean? So, just make sure you hold it straight up and down and click it on. I'll hold your camera. I'll just don't slam the tank closed. Can you swallow everything? Yup. I saw the food in there. Yeah, I did too. He's a good size. Wow. Yeah, but he's still not as big as that first one. No, he's not. He's alright. So, that's the way of the night. 4.42. I don't think it's showing it. Come here. It's too dark. I got it there, but I don't think it's showing it. Then come out here. Yeah. There. 4.42, it's locked, so. Oh, just stand there with him. So we can get a whole view of him. Not only getting his parcel, I'm not getting a whole thing. I got one.  He's pretty good size. It feels heavier than the other one. You think? Yeah, it's hard to judge. Yeah, I think he is bigger than the last one.  He's going under the dock. I don't think he's as big as the first one. The first one was massive. I don't know, he might be. I ain't brought this one up to the surface yet. He's about as big as that last one. There he is. Okay, get on the other side of me.   Once we get him in the net, I can get the net from you. I don't know. We'll wane. Hang on. Don't try not to touch my line. Okay, scoop him. He's out of the water. Scoop him. I can't see him. You got him. He's heavy as the other one. I don't think so. They're close. He's four pounds. Well, maybe three and a half. We'll see. We'll get him down here. We'll get the scale out. Thank you, mama. Just a rough estimate, two foot. 24 inches. Yeah, she can eat him. You want to help me? Who's are supposed to help the winner? How do I do that? I'm not lost yet. You mean I'm lost? You mean it's not survivable? He's going to jump out. It's up to you. I don't care. We'll figure it out. All right, bye. Tell the doctor. I wouldn't yell that too loud. I'm in Florida. Bring him over. That's what you do. Call the doctor. I told you that. Thanks, man. Appreciate it. All right. He's little. 3.36. Yep. It locked on 3.36. Yeah. Not one. I wish we could have got it. It was good. You knew. That's the doctor? He had a little over three pound. About three and a quarter pound. You want him? Get him? Not good. I didn't tell him you just reeled it in. Hey, guys, look what I caught. He said I caught a fish. He said I caught a fish. He said I caught a fish. He said I caught a fish. It just turned on. 3.1 pound. 4.42. I don't know if you guys can see that, but 3.1 pound. Just a little over three pound. So we decided what we're going to do. Anything over five pounds we're going to keep today. So there it is. That's what number six for me. I think five, six. Okay, guys, as you saw, there wasn't really no intro. I wasn't planning on filming because I didn't think we'd do well. It just felt like one of them days, but as you saw, we did pretty good. Yeah. Anyway. Yeah, I didn't film any of this, but I don't know. We got some blue crab. We got three of them. She was 1-3. She caught one and got it in. Oh, he's moving. And a woman came running over with some things and picked it up for him. There were tongs, I guess, I used for her crab. So she said now we just need two more. One for each of us, she said. Yeah, so I wanted a bigger one because the one is kind of small. Kind of small. It's legal, it's legal, but it is small. Yeah, that's what the lady said because we never caught crab before. Well, I caught it, but we never kept it. And anyway, so I was like, oh, we didn't grab. I had, what, four that fell off my rod?  Yeah, we would have had ten if we had a longer net. Yeah, because her net's just a short net. It's a high dock. But that woman let us borrow one. Yeah, she did. Yeah. It was like a six-footer. That's how we got those. Yeah. But the first one you brought in. Yeah, if it fell off, that would have got on the dock. Yeah. And then Sir Chase me, I screamed him, took off. I don't know how much footage I got. So, you know, if any, I don't know. Phone just, or that camera seemed weird today. Yeah. I couldn't get it to start recording them. When I did get it recording, it wouldn't stop recording them. But the battery's killed her seven and a half hours and it's not dead yet. Yeah. How do you pick those up? By the back. You got tongs or something? You just pick them up by the back.  It's like that. Like a Bruno looking. All right. Okay. I got some water ready. Ready? Yeah. We got some water.  Yeah. They say it's like five to seven minutes a pound. Oh, yeah? Yeah. But you just got to go until the shell's red. Whoops. So, then you dunk it and put them in cold water for a minute and then they're ready to eat. Good. Interesting. Okay. Well, anyway guys, thanks for watching. Appreciate it. Yeah. My fish's up and down by you. She's happy. She caught her. You got a pretty good size catfish though. Yeah.  You got two big ones bigger than the one I had. Three. Yeah. They were huge. Yeah. I think that one that broke the rod was pretty big. Yeah. It had to go, I'm thinking, anywhere from 12 to 18 pound at least. Yeah. It broke the rod. Yeah. And a 50 pound test. Yeah. So. That's too bad. Yeah. My dad's rod. But oh well, we had fun with it. That's all that matters. So. Make me feel bad about that. You shouldn't feel bad. But he'd rather you use it than sit in that shed somewhere. He would have laughed about it. Yes. He would have. You know he would have. No. He would have said, hey, you should have brought that one in. That's what he wrote his own. Yeah. So anyway, it was fun. But it was an awkward day too at the same time. Yeah. Another story for you some other time. That was an exhausting one. That was a horrible story. Well, yeah. It is a story though. Yeah. All right. That's the main legend going for now. Bye guys. Bye y'all.


If killers laugh at the law in a town, it isn't long before they take over. That's happening in your town, mister. What are you going to do about it? Have gone. Will travel. Starring Mr. John Dana as Paladin. San Francisco, 1875. The Carlton Hotel. Headquarters of the man called Paladin. Mr. Paladin. Good afternoon, Mr. Paladin. Well, you're looking very pleased with yourself, hey boy? Oh, well, a big wedding will happen. Wedding? Who's wedding? Not yours. No, no, no, no, cousin to hey boy.  Many people, much he's celebrating. Well, that's fine. I'd say by the way you're acting that this doesn't happen too often, huh? Oh, no, no, no, Mr. Paladin. Does not happen often. Oh, hey boy, very happy. Make many preparations. Everybody have a good time. You will come to wedding? Hey boy, if I'm in San Francisco, I guarantee I'll be there. You just let me know when and where. Oh, very good. Hey boy, let you know. I go now. No, no, wait a minute. Didn't you want to see me about something? Oh, sir, almost forgot the telegram come for you. Well, let's see. You send the answer? Yes. Tell him, have gun, we'll travel. This is Frank Knight speaking for the world's most honored watch, Laun Jean. In the conquest of the Old West, men won fame through feats of bravery and daring. Today, things are different, but fame can still be won. How wonderful to win a Nobel Prize in Science, a Pulitzer Award in Literature, and Olympic gold medal in sports. These great honors are symbols of achievement. In the field of time, did you know that Laun Jean watches have won more great public honors than any other watch in the world? This is true. The highest authorities have ranked Laun Jean watches as the finest achievement in the science and art of watchmaking. Yet a Laun Jean, the world's most honored watch, styled with distinction, cased in precious metal, promising a lifetime of fortless timekeeping is not costly. Many models are priced as low as $75. Visit your authorized Laun Jean Wittner jeweler. He will be honored to serve you. The telegram took me to a town near the Nevada border, and when I got there, my job was completed swiftly without bullets. I collected my fee and started a long ride back to San Francisco. The third day brought me to a town called Woodland, nestled in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Range. It was like a thousand other towns, one dusty street with boardwalks on each side, flanked by rows of wooden, false-fronted buildings, and the inevitable saloon and general store. I decided I might as well get some supplies. Anybody here? Oh, please. Oh, well, here. Let me help you up. Get you to a chair. Easy. There. Please, a doctor. I need a doctor. What happened, old man? Who did this to you? Get the doctor, please. Where is he? North Street, a white house. A white house. I'll get him and be right back. For three days, the little old man hovered near death. I found out his name was Hans Riker, and that he owned a store. I also found out he was alone and needed help, so I decided to stay on. On the fourth day, the doctor said Hans was going to be all right, and by the end of the week, he was beginning to move around. Give me a cup.  Thank you, sir. Well, good to see you up and around, Mr. Riker. You better take it easy. Remember what the doctor said. What does the doctor know? She asked him, is a man going to live or die? And he will tell you he doesn't know. So if the man lives or he dies, either way, the doctor can see. He was right. Well, just the same. You're not as strong as you may think you are. That is true. I am not strong, but I would not be here at all if you were not for a man named Paladin. Ah, I did nothing, Mr. Riker.  Well, I did only what anyone would do. Well, perhaps I am more cynical than you. Perhaps you are. Mr. Riker, will you tell me now who did this to you? That is not important, not now. It is to me. Who beat you? Why? I'll show you something now, my friend. Show you something only a few people have seen. It is what is in this box, of course. That's my fear. Will you open it, please? Beautiful. Take it out. Look at it closely. That's wonderful craftsmanship. It's wonderful. Ah, that's a good gun, yeah? It certainly is. The balance is perfect. It's just perfect. Where did you get this gun, Mr. Riker? Ah, you see me now as a storekeeper, Mr. Paladin, but in the old country, in Germany, I was a gunsmith, and a very good gunsmith. You made this gun? Yeah, yeah. I have made many hundreds of guns in my lifetime, and to the one you hold, I crafted a mate. A twin? Yeah, yeah, yeah. A twin. You spoke of a fear, Mr. Riker. What fear? Well, to a lifelong friend, I gave the twin weapon, crafted by my own hands, and it killed him. It exploded the first time he shot it. There was a floor somewhere that I did not see, and my friend died. Well, you shouldn't blame yourself for that. The day my friend died, I swore never to make another gun, Mr. Paladin, and I have not. No, I sold my guns, all of them, but the one that you hold, and came to America. I see. Then, two weeks ago, a gunfighter was called Link Doby, rode into town, and he found something he wanted here. A gun. This gun? Yeah, that gun. Well, how did he know about it? One of my friends I have showed it to, he was drinking too much, and he talked loudly. And at first, this Link Doby was nice. He asked me to sell the gun to him, but I couldn't do that. Then what? Well, then he went back to the saloon and drank, and then he came back again and asked me, and then when I still said no, he beat me. Why didn't you just give the gun to Doby, Mr. Riker? You said yourself it's defective. Nine, nine. I said the twin to the scan has a flaw, but this, this gun here, it is perfect. What about the law here? Sheriff King, he is like me, he's old, and a man like Doby, a gunfighter, the sheriff cannot stop him. Everybody here, they are afraid of Doby. I think I'll talk to Sheriff King. Nine, nine. Yeah, you have done enough, my friend. Please, do not concern yourself with this. I will give Doby the gun. No, don't do that, not yet. First, let me see what I can do. When friends drop in, let your hospitality show your sociable in the modern manner. Pepsi, you know, is the favorite of the smart and young at heart. Have you tried a Pepsi lately? The sheriff's office sat defiantly alone in Woodland, faded and old, like the man in it, who sat with his feet propped on the desktop that had been scarred by too many years. And he looked at me with pale blue eyes, dimmed and defeated by age. So, that old fool went and hired a gunslinger, right? No, no, Sheriff, Mr. Riker didn't hire anybody. I'm here on my own.  I'll leave when I find out what's going to be done about this. What's done is my business, Mr., not yours. I'm making it mine, now what are you going to do? What do you expect me to do? Now, you listen to me, Mr. Paladin. Things was all right here till you come in. We ain't had no trouble. You say you had no trouble, Sheriff. Well, maybe not. But you don't know what trouble is until a man like Link Dopey laughs at your law. And he's going to keep right on laughing until he gets sick of it. And then he's going to start shooting. Maybe one of the people he kills will be a tired old sheriff. Now, wait a minute. And then he'll leave your town, Sheriff. And he'll only be the first. Because this will be the town they know they can buffalo. Come over to the window, Paladin. You see that street? It ain't much, but it used to be. Just a few years ago, there wasn't a man or woman walked down that street. Didn't have a lot of respect for me. And then all of a sudden, the gunfighters found out I was old. Couldn't handle a gun no more. They started coming, and I was afraid to stop them.  Thanks, Paladin. But there ain't nothing I can do. Not no more. All right, Sheriff. Then I'll handle it. Dopey will be leaving town tomorrow. One way or another. I'm looking for a man called Link Dopey. Is he here? I'm Dopey. My name is Paladin. What you got to say to me, mister? A few days ago, you beat an old man, Dopey.  That's none of your fair. That's between old man Riker and me. Not any more, Dopey. I represent Mr. Riker.   If I haven't given you cause yet, Mr. Dopey, maybe this will... Now you have caused, Dopey.  I'm going to let you leave town tomorrow morning by eight o'clock. That's how much time you have to get out. Tomorrow morning, eight o'clock.  Did you say that a little dash of Lysol brand disinfectant wipes out bathroom germs? I distinctly said bathroom germs. Yes, ladies, a little Lysol in your cleaning suds is the really easy modern way to clean your bathroom each week because Lysol makes your favorite cleaners work better including many that claim to sanitize. Lysol kills disease and odor-causing germs. Many deadly viruses too. That's from one cleaning to the next as nothing else can. Use Lysol, either the new pine-scented or regular, next time you clean the bathroom. My dear boy, I distinctly said the bathroom. A little dash of Lysol does it all. Costs as little as twenty-nine cents. I had breakfast with Hans Reicher the next morning which was quite an experience. Hans called it gobble-fruistuck or a knife-and-fork breakfast. It consisted of eggs, bacon, sausage, hot rolls, soup, and potatoes. It was a good start for any day. You do not eat Mr. Paladin. It is the German way of cooking you do not lie. It is the German way of cooking I do like. There is a limit to what a man's stomach will hold. But you do not eat much already. I have eaten more than you and you are young. You should eat more than me. I think perhaps it is the trouble with Link Dobie. I cannot stop you from doing this thing, my friend. Oh, I do not think there will be any showdown. Dobie is brave when he knows he can win. I doubt that he is in town now. But I better make certain. You stay here, Mr. Reicher. I will check the delivery stable to be sure he is gone. Dobie's horse was not the delivery stable. But just to be sure he had left town, I went to the hotel. The clerk told me Dobie had checked out at 7 o'clock that morning. I headed back for Hans Reicher. Huh? Paladin. Oh. Dobie, I seen him. Where is Sheriff? Where did you see him? Just coming out of my office. I have seen him sneaking to Reicher's place. Reicher? Come on. Mr. Reicher? Mr. Reicher? Mr. Reicher, where is he? The gun. Where is Dobie? The back. The back. He has the gun. Sheriff, get the doctor. I am going after Dobie. Hold it, Paladin. Don't you even breathe. Now you do exactly what I tell you. Put that gun in your holster. Real easy, like, don't move fast till you're dead. Now you turn around. Now, you're looking me in the face, Paladin.   You ain't so big now. Just about my size. That's the way I like it. You should like it. Hiding there, showing on your face. And the gun you stole. You better draw, Paladin. Because you ain't never gonna get another chance. Now! Dobie. Yeah, over here, Sheriff. I heard the shot. What happened? That was no shot, Sheriff. The gun you stole from Hans Riker blew up in his face. And so once again, after so long a time, I got out my tools and I worked on a gun. After he left me yesterday, I worked on it, Mr. Paladin. And into the night I worked and I created a floor. A floor that would make the gun blow up when it was shot. Why didn't you tell me this morning, Mr. Riker, when I had breakfast with you? Well, I did not think I should. You told me you did not wish me to give him the gun. And I fixed it because I feared for you. If Dobie had killed you then, I would give him the gun. So when Dobie came into your place after I left, you thought he had killed me? I was afraid and I gave him the gun. But he hit me anyway. He was very angry. Mr.  I thank you. Ah! God had chewed from the heart is more valuable than gold. Is that not so, my friend? Yes, Mr. Riker. That is so. Package come for you, Mr. Paladin. Oh, thank you, hey boy. Hey boy, what's the matter with you? You look terrible.  Notice? I'd have to be blind not to. What happened? Oh, well, you remember a wedding I told you about a long time ago when you could not attend? Yes, I remember. Yes, the wedding happened. Well, what does that have to do with your condition now, hey boy? Oh, wedding was a Chinese, Mr. Paladin. Hey boy, I know it was a Chinese wedding, but what does that have to do with you now? Oh, that Chinese wedding is much celebrating many people, many things to eat, many things to drink. Oh, you needn't go on, hey boy, I think I understand.  Hey, you, take your package now. Oh, yes, yes, of course.  Yes, oh, Mr. Paladin. Oh, a beautiful gun, Mr. Paladin. Yes, hey boy, it's an exquisite gun. Oh, here is a note. My friend, these hands once again broke a vow and crafted a gun. The hands have not lost their touch. Please, you will accept this from a grateful old man. Signed huntsriker. Oh, very nice, Mr. Paladin. You send answer? No, no, hey boy. No answer. They're all and vie for a variety of exciting prizes. You'll meet celebrity guests too and chuckle over hilariously uninhibited remarks from arts panel of youngsters. You're cordially invited to join the party, the house party, each weekday right here on CBS Radio. The welcome that's always out at Arthur Godfrey time and the Gayland Rakeshow too. Both sending still more easy listening your way weekdays. They're always well stocked with entertaining chit chat about this and that plus sparkling music. House party, Arthur Godfrey time and the Gayland Rakeshow. Light, bright listening in the distinctive pattern of programming you always enjoy when you're tuned to this station and CBS Radio. Have gun. Will travel. Created by Herb Meadow and Sam Rolf. He is produced and directed by Norman McDonnell and stars John Daener as Paladin. Hey boy is played by Ben Wright who also appeared as Hans Riker. Tonight's story was written by Ray Kemper and in the cast were Ralph Moody as the sheriff and Lawrence Dobkin as Dobie. Hugh Douglas speaking. Join us again next week for Have Gun. Will travel.


Ladies and gentlemen, before we hop in the video, new vlog training, I want to show you a little bit of the outfits we've been working on. 3sb.co, we are live with all our apparel. We launched two days ago. Thanks so much for everything, all the support, the comments on the gear and everybody that's repping. We have some sizes left, large XL and a lot of things. A couple of sides missing some products but I just want to kind of show you how we're rocking. First the good company beanie, couple colors available, all fully custom. Fits pretty snug, I don't know why personally I just don't like beanies that fluff out at the top.  The custom hem tag on the back and I literally just hate when they get loose the more you wear them or the knitting's really loose. So these are kind of I guess like a sailor, skully more than anything so it'll fit flat on your head and again a little bit tight. Our big cozy hoodie, two different colors. It's a little oversized so this is an XL. I'm about 220 right now, 510. Little bit long, you want to stay warm. Master of what the joggers, I'm going to back up but the joggers are fitting, I'd say pretty true to size. So I have XL, they're semi baggy but yet super warm, comfy on the inside. Just small details. The tertiary logo, room of the ladies. Embroidered bear, I don't even know if you can see it. Just small details on that one. The block hoodie comes in a seafoam and a black, kind of like a light green turquoise, sweats gray and black. Custom clasps on the bottom that we're rocking and rolling with. In case you guys are like me, sometimes you want to wrinkle them up. One is just a little bit of style.  And it's more of a sweat pant than like a jogger. So again, a hair loose fitting, smaller hams at the bottom. I'm going to show you our shorts, maybe our socks in the next look. So like we said, beanie, don't mind the beautiful Jedi braid, you're welcome to that one. Every kind of shirt either has an inspiration from like something from nostalgic from the crew or from me or one of my hobbies or like foreshadowing. I've talked about it a lot when we're building the gym. Something that I enjoy is like theme parks. I don't enjoy like thrill rides or rides, but I like the art direction and the thought process that goes into the details of telling a story or even movies. Like the easiest one everyone really enjoyed recently is like all the Marvel movies. And we all know after the credits some kind of foreshadowing cliffhanger would always happen, foreshadowing happens. So I'm not going to tell all the stories. Sometimes they'll unravel as our launches kind of work over the years. But the basis for this poker tea, we have King and a Queen poker tea is just kind of the general concept that on the internet there's so much slang, toxic lingo going around. But one of the cool trends I thought this year or maybe over the year and a half is people calling each other Kings and Queens.  And even if they mean it's sarcastic or the memes, even if it's fake positivity or trolling, it has a positive connotation. So I really like that. This tea is pretty general standard, athletic fit. Again, I like my stuff really baggy. So this is a 2X, I'm about 5'10, 220 right now. This is just kind of how the look I rock. It's kind of like how a real plane basketball. And then the shorts ourselves are custom 3SB. So basic embroideries. We got a boy Goody the Bear Rockin', good company. Custom class, don't worry. I'm not, you guys probably got a little iffy there when I just put my hands down my pants. Custom 3SB, top to bottom of the row, five inch inseam, which you guys know we had to bring the gray sweatpants, the groove fit in the five inch inseam for all the ladies. Perfect for squatting, I can't even show you. Here, I'll try to show you, boys. They're like 10 to 15% spandex. So you can easily lift in them, but they're thick enough you can kind of rock them out and they look casual enough. You can squat, run, probably play soccer, basketball, whatever you're into, athletically. But again, they're kind of thick enough and swaggy enough you can kind of rock anywhere. There are other couple of T's and items on the website again, 3SB.co. Check it out, but just want to show you guys the custom socks we made too. Goody the Bear Rockin', that's the outside ankle. So we're trying to mix in what we love, what we like. That's the camo you used to grind for in video games, for anyone that doesn't play video games, you have to play a lot and excel in certain tasks to get a cool color version of the weapon you're using in the game. And red tiger camo used to be like the Ferrari of camouflage and the Ferrari of skins that you got to use in the game. So we just kind of represented that in what we do here. So I appreciate you guys, enjoy the video, that was a little longer than I anticipated, but thanks so much for the support. If you want to grab something, three, the number three, S, the letter B.co. Catch you in the next one. Good morning. Ooh, ooh, ooh. Good morning. Ooh, ooh, ooh. The first morning, I guess this is our, maybe our three week anniversary of being open, the first morning it's not freezing. I get out and normally get in my garage. Pretty lucky actually, it's the first time I've had a garage in my entire life. I've never had a garage. And in my garage it's fairly warm, you know, always, right? Insulated, attached to my house. And then I normally open the garage door. That's the respectable move to get your car out of the garage is you got to open the garage door. Next logical step.  It's like 30 degrees out here.  And I think I already went on this rant and it's a pet peeve month. I don't know why. It shouldn't be a pet peeve. Shouldn't let it bug me, bugs me. It's cold up here. So then, but today I do it. And then I get in the car and I'm like, oh, I feel okay. And then I read my little car dash. What temperature is it? It says 50. So huh, that's weird. Maybe the temperature gauge is busted. So then I go to my phone and Siri would never lie to us. Siri's on our team. I like to call her Cortana. Cortana, what's the temperature? And it's at 50 degrees. It's launch day. Nah, I don't know why I just called you that, but that is, those are the things that happen to my brain at five o'clock in the morning. So it's 50. It's kind of nice. I don't even need this jacket.  I can feel kind of cozy. I have this little heater down here too. Dude, this is the Ghostbuster fog machine of the world, dude. This thing literally sprays sanitizer like a hospital and it's ion charged. And I don't necessarily know what that means because I dropped out of college. But basically the particles become like magnetic. And instead of just like spraying, you know, and go, it goes like, and so it'll clean everything. I got a passcode, dude. I can't let you guys see it. So yeah, I get the heater normally, but I don't need it. It is launch day. So yesterday, if those that don't know, if you're a part of our email list, part of the Twitch crew, you may or may not get some early access to some of the clothes. And then today is the launch to the public. So although it's six o'clock, lunch is at nine. Connie was in here banging out order. Shout out Connie. Editing videos, crushing orders.   Not scandal. Marketing tornado. Social media marketing tornado around nine o'clock. Let's start posting places and get this launch popping. So excited for that. You new YouTube tonight. New YouTube's we're trying to do every Monday and Wednesday evening. Probably won't train today. Even though I feel really good right now. Normally I haven't been vlogging in the morning because the first couple of weeks were really getting your voice. I'm just stressed. And I don't know, I don't think I slept any better last night but I woke up like, oh, I'm a new man. So we're going to bang out some emails. I'm already working on next launch. That's how this game goes. Handle that this morning. I think we're popping, y'all. I think we're popping. So I will begin to attack some of that and probably not train until tomorrow. I didn't get the chance to train this weekend. I was really dusted, dude. I was dusted. So I had to give it a little breather. Try to find as everyone, I think the balance of when to push and when not. And when you're starting a company or basically starting two companies and running two or three others, it gets a little bit harder for me to balance everything. But I'm really doing my best. And so I decided to not train. I just came in, said what's up to people on Saturday but didn't lift. Saturday is normally, I don't know if it's a, comment below actually. Is Saturday like a powerlifting thing? Cause growing up in strength and conditioning, Saturdays were like the powerlifting day. Like you went, everybody got together. It's probably a heavy day. Maybe a squat day. And you'd have the biggest group. Everybody shows they started is, you know, kind of a blue collar man sport.  So like risking his life every day and working long hours. So it makes sense to me that during the week you get obviously hard workouts and you work out as much as you can. But you get to sleep in maybe an hour or two on Saturday, a big smash. And then, you know, whether you travel to a nicer gym, which seems to be less of a thing now too, because there's more gyms available for people back in the day. Like even me, to drive to this location when it was super training and midtown strength, I drove half an hour or more. And then things move further away. I was driving about 40 minutes to go to a, you know, quote unquote real gym. So Saturdays, the crew gets a little bigger, right? Cause more people could travel. You got some time afterwards.  I don't know where I was heading with that. Oh, so the crew is here Saturday. I just want to say what's up. That's basically what I was getting at. But it seems like it's a thing. Comment below if that is a thing. So I'll train tomorrow. Basically I think we're breaking up back into exactly four day split. I just need to find my schedule, you know? So Tuesday, Tuesday will be squat bench dead. Thursday will be squat bench. Saturday squat bench dead. Sunday squat bench. And fluttering things in between. And I got to find out how or when I'm going to do my cardio in between. I'm still in the market for a puppy. Who doesn't love a puppy vlog? So I've been looking for a puppy for about a year, trying to rescue, but because of COVID, rescuing a dog is a little more difficult than getting Yeezys. I don't know what it is. I was talking to Ren. Shout out to Ren. Homegirl, I've been with the Barbara Brigade crew for a very long time. Very close friend of mine who's done many things for Barbara Brigade. She manages a gym. She's handled some backend work. She's handled some of the marketing and social media marketing. So her and I, because I didn't go to school, you know? Just like a self-learned man, but people like her and I and a couple other friends who do kind of marketing, Omar obviously, Bart himself, but throw around ideas or toss thoughts back and forth on marketing. And one thing, I just always try to not be what I hate. And there's like a stoic quote, you know, the best way to beat your enemies is to be unlike them.  But for me, like sometimes I just get so turned off by other people like flaunting their sales or flaunting their business or any of that. And Ren brought up a point to me is I think Ren's really cool. She started her own company. Also shout out to them, Super Bloom. But she has a good perspective. I think she's definitely in the world that I'm in, but I'm just so stuck on the business side now that I don't know what consumers always want. She said, people are interested in the packing process. People are interested in how that looks like and what that process is.  Is hater, much haterate as I drink. I'm just is, I'm more critical of myself. I mean, that's the honest truth. I'm very critical of other people and judgmental. I think it's a slightly good and bad feature of myself, but best believe I'm three times as much when I'm looking inward on how I act and what I do. So there's that. But so I packed all morning. It's 1241. Things were rolling in, man. So launch day, so far success. We launched pretty hard for about a week. You know, through, I mean in the processes, months, but once we get the stuff here, the inventory of the pictures is about a week. Then we launch and then we got another week of marketing and pushing or so. And then I like to chill. Again, talking business or marketing. I don't like, every time I ask or show or tell, even though these products, I think are quality and worth the money. I think they're fairly priced. I think they're high quality. They are unique. They're cut and sew, which means that we made them.  We made this hoodie design top to bottom. So I think it's well worth it and the efforts in it, the quality of the clothing's in there. And I think the branding and the story is cool, obviously because it's my baby. But I guess where I'm getting at is every time I promote something, I feel I'm taking from you guys. So I promote sponsorship. I promote even my YouTube, my Twitch. I feel like I'm taking for you guys, you know? There's energy in the middle, right? There's energy between you guys, my Instagram, my Twitch, the podcast. And I don't wanna take, I wanna give more than I take. And so I always feel bad. So that's another reason why our launch model is only a week. So I'll kinda push for a week, make sure everybody sees it. YouTube being back helps because Instagram's weird and just doesn't show our followers our posts. So I can't even give you guys funny stuff or lifting stuff or let you know the clothing's live. Less than 20% of my Instagram following even saw my posts. So we're live, 3SB.co, check it out. I appreciate you and back to work.


So I thought what might be interesting to tell you guys about is not a top-level abstract view of what science journalism is or why it matters, but give you a very granular, from the trenches, specific point of view. So I'm just going to tell you what I did last week, just blow by blow. It'll hopefully clear some illusions about what science journalism is and why bother having it and why put it up with us. But first I do want to have one quick view of why, let's say, how a journalist sees data. So this is data from the Google Books project and it was created by a group at Harvard who essentially scraped engrams from the Google Books project. Google Books is a digitized sample of about 5% of every book ever published and engrams are simply clusters of words. So apple pie is a 2 gram, my apple pie is a 3 gram and so forth. And you can use this interface to look at the distribution of engrams over time in all published books using this sample. So here's one that I really like. This is God and data over time. The blue line up top and the y-axis is the percentage frequency of this engram in all books. So if you're approaching 1%, which it is, or even a tenth of a percent, that's a lot of examples of this engram. So right through the 19th century, God was doing well. Right around Darwin and Civil War and approaching the industrial, you know, the latter half of the industrial revolution, God started to slump and upstart data started to rise. The inflection point, interestingly, is right around 1973, I'm not sure what happened. I think it was a silent event, but data overtook God. And what I find most interesting is that God's making a comeback. And this data actually ends in the year 2000. I wouldn't be surprised if God has overtaken data once again. So this is just data. If I hadn't shown you this graph and spun it into a story, it's just another couple of rows in a massive, never-before-seen database. So this is what I do. This is when I'm happiest. When I find something and I get to turn it into an actual story. So last week, yeah, let's keep them to a minimum because I'm going to try and rumble through to half an hour. But go ahead. Web data is non-random. It's far from non-random. There is no such thing as a random data set in the real world. But let's get into the specifics at the end. So last week, and this is an example of kind of like a bread-and-butter situation for a science journalist. A paper is going to be published. In this case, it was this paper, which is, I think it's science. Ah, science advances. This is science's new open-access journal. So it's like PLOS 1, but published by the same organization that publishes science. So a little known fact is that all science journalists know what the news is going to be a week in advance. So everything that's going to be published to a first approximation gets turned into a press release, which is then sent under press embargo to essentially every science journalist in the world. There are so many of them that aggregation systems have sprung up to help us like make sense of the fire hose and try and find things in it. It's a weird system that doesn't exist anywhere else in news. Basically, no one else uses the embargo system. I mean, imagine any other area of life where the media agrees with the powers to be, we won't write about X until you say it's okay to do so. Somehow we inherited this system. It's been going for much longer than I've been a science journalist, and there it is. So by that quirk, I know what next week's news is going to be. In fact, I could tell you right now what the headlines are going to be in The New York Times with regard to the latest breakthroughs in science, nature, PNAS. It's a strange situation, and it's an interesting data set. I've scraped it. You can see interesting trends in it. So this paper was going to come out this week. I knew it a week in advance. And why is it a story? Okay, so the headline is that women are getting much less for the exact same product on eBay. And the gender signal in eBay is extremely small. And this is the first question I had to ask. So I read the press release. The claim was big and bold. Basically, there's a gender gap in eBay. So the first thing that I was suspicious of is, well, how much of a gender signal even is there? If you buy something on eBay, which I've done, I am honestly never even conscious of the gender of the seller. You never see them. There's no profile pictures. So the first thing I had to check, by reading the actual paper, was how did they sort out that problem? The answer was very nicely. They hired a huge number of people on Mechanical Turk to go to eBay sales and try and guess the gender. And they had three choices, male, female, or not enough information. And they did better than 50% accuracy when they guessed, and they only got it wrong like a very small amount of time at 5%. So boom. There you go. There actually is a gender signal. And the proposal from the authors was that it's coming through partially by what else you're selling, because that's some of the information you're getting about a seller, and also just the user name. So if you use a female or especially female first name in your eBay seller profile, then that's a gender signal coming through. Okay, so now I was convinced. They might have something here. It's a good experimental setup. And what did they actually find? Well, the next question I had was, okay, you found this big gap, but what if the thing that's mediating this effect is the text or the terms of the sale? Maybe women are getting less money because they're less self-flattering. That was a good hypothesis. Maybe they're just more realistic about their products. Like, you know, this is the best thing ever, and women are like, well, it's used. Maybe that's it. So I had to read the paper, and indeed they did the hard work. They actually did sentiment analysis on all the text of these things to see if there was a distribution difference. There was a tiny difference, but when you controlled for it, it didn't explain any of the gender gap. Okay, nice. But the most compelling experiment, which this is nowhere in the press release, you really have to dig into this, and one of the things that really flinches it is gift cards. So in eBay, you can buy a gift card for 50 bucks at a certain store, you know, online or real world. It's the exact same product, the exact same value. You know exactly what you're getting. If there's a difference between men and women in the final amount of money they're getting for this thing, then that really is very likely to be some kind of real gender gap. And indeed there it was, the exact same effect, just as strong. So it was about like 79 cents on the dollar, which that by the way is the gender gap often cited for salaries. Coincidence? So I had a pretty good story here. And in spite of it being kind of about controversy, this is not an adversarial story. There's no bad guy here. I guess the bad guy is all us men in some way, or society. But there's no one being directly sort of criticized by covering this. So this is kind of like a typical science journalism situation. It's what they call the cheerleading for science situation.  Here's the story, I checked it out, here's the research, strengths and weaknesses. So this was like the first few days of last week. Meanwhile, I had another story to juggle which was a little weirder. So there are these crowdsourced games now that scientists are using to get data. The granddaddy of this approach I guess is SETI at home. So screensavers, which is I think largely a Berkeley originating project. In fact, I think they open sourced the entire platform, it's called BOINK. I think the B in BOINK is Berkeley. And so the idea is if you've got a problem, a huge computing problem, which is amenable to being chunks and distributed, as you would with GPUs for example. And you don't care so much about the transit time between chunks getting done and getting back to where you actually put it all together. And there are a lot of such problems.  So that's the origin of this. The next generation of this is, well, there are also these idle brains. Like, sure there are computers, but why don't we use all the idle brains? The people just twiddling their thumbs watching TV all the time. Why don't we harness their brains by chunking problems that are actually doable by brains? The problem is it has to be fun, or you have to pay people. That's basically your two options. So what the most successful of these projects do is they gamify it. And not every problem is amenable to gamifying, for sure. But a few notable successes have really gone gangbusters. The first, so they're classification things, like identifying galaxies in clusters of stars, that kind of thing. The ones that have really taken off are a lot more sophisticated. The first one was called Foldit. And it's trying to ultimately solve the enigma of protein folding. How do you go from a string of amino acids just through physics to the final three-dimensional structure of a protein that actually does chemistry? We really haven't sorted that out yet. And this game sought to do better than computers at predicting that folding. So they later actually turned it around and they said, hey, to their expert now expert game folders, here's a target structure. Can you find a sequence that will fold into that? So now we're getting into protein design. And suddenly you've got an army of expert molecular designers at your disposal, as long as you can keep it fun. So the Foldit team out of University of Washington was a huge hit. And the thing that really tipped it was an article in The New York Times. So the way they explained it to me was like they were doing well, but they were still solving the problem of getting enough users. Not so much just to have a raw number of users, but to reach a kind of cultural tipping point with their gamers. Because for every 100,000 gamers, you're really only going to have 100 who are like the cream of the crop, who do 99% of the actual breakthrough work. And you can't have one without the other. So you can't generate a stable population of 100,000 volunteers without the romantic output that they're actually generating papers, like peer-reviewed papers and making breakthroughs and ultimately patents. And that's where it's going to get really interesting. Who gets the money? But you also can't have those experts without having that base pool first.  A country that has a lot of limbic gold probably has a big population, with some exceptions. So these guys made an RNA folding version. It's actually a couple of post-docs from the Foldit project, who then went off, got jobs at Stanford and CMU, and made their own game for a different problem, RNA folding. And it's been doing very well, and they've been publishing papers. And in those papers, they cite the games called Eterna, and they cite the Eterna game community. The new thing is last week, a paper came out, which was written by Eterna papers. The whole thing was conceived by the players. It was their idea, and it was entirely their analysis of the data. The card-carrying scientists kind of came along after it had started and took part and made sure that it was all put together well, and probably were the ones who submitted the paper. But here's the catch. The original paper that was submitted to the Journal of Molecular Biology in Elsevier Journal had gamer names as the authors. And they did that because they had a discussion about this. Should we use real-world names, or the names that we all know each other by? And they decided, look, we all know each other by our game names. That is the identity under which we've done all this work. That's how we best recognize each other. That's how we've been crediting each other. And the journal editors kind of didn't notice it somehow. They told me that the thing that tripped it was part of the process of publishing a paper is that you have to go to PubMed and register it and do some kind of background paperwork. And of course that broke because some of the names had numbers in them. So suddenly the journal editor was forced to make a hard call on this. Are we really going to allow this? And he kind of freaked out and contacted the ethics board of Elsevier and they put a stop to the paper. So they actually froze the paper. They had already sent out the embargo press release. Journalists like me everywhere were already working on our kind of like cute stories. And suddenly I get worried that the paper isn't going to be published and it would be inappropriate to write about it. Nice try. So, you know, suddenly, I don't know if you've ever heard of the Streisand effect. It's named after a famous case of Barbara Streisand trying to legally force a journalist to not publish a picture of a huge California home. And the result of the lawsuit was that everyone saw that home. And that's what happens when you tell journalists not to write about something. So suddenly the story is really about this issue. And it turned out to be like a pretty productive thing. No one came out as a bad guy in the end. And it forced what would maybe have been a kind of background issue that causes trouble to multiple people in the future as these citizen science projects come up, was essentially like blared out and now everyone is thinking about it and they're probably going to have some policies in place. So this is journalism doing a good job.  So there's the actual paper.  So a lot of these people are actually gamers. In the end, to get it published in this journal, they had to reveal their full names. And they were cool about it. They were like, okay, that was if you insist. They weren't super upset. But people who are advocates for citizen science were upset. And this is often the case. Once you start a story that goes out into the public sphere, the loudest voices are often not even the people involved. It's often like advocates for one side or the other, which is good and bad aspects. So then just as I was finishing that story, we had another paper coming out in Science that had a pretty blockbuster result. And this one, this one's getting a little more adversarial. So I didn't learn about this from a press release. There was no press release. One of the researchers that I had worked with on a previous data set years ago to do with surveys in Afghanistan and Iraq trying to estimate deaths by violence and other problems, sent me an email saying there's a really interesting little meeting coming up. Its code name is Datafab. I was like, oh, it's Datafab. And he said, well, basically the research community, the social science research community that makes and runs and analyzes data from surveys are all getting together and they're addressing a problem that kind of like we all know is a problem. Datafabrication. And I said, how much Datafabrication are we talking about? And he said, just watch it. It's live streamed. And this is an example of like, there's no way I would have known about this without someone live streaming the event. So it was great. Live streams can be really powerful. Here's the thing that was, here's the thing that really like makes the story. This was the last slide of a presentation by two former Pew Research Center social scientists. One of them now works at Survey Monkey right here in the Bay Area and the other one is at Michigan and Princeton with dual appointments. Quietly, no news. I had not heard anything about this. Quietly over the last year at meetings, these guys have been presenting a statistical test that they developed. The basis of it is if you ask 100 people a set of 100 questions, how many, if it was totally random, like let's say it was like a fingerprint essentially, what proportion of their answers do you think would be duplicated among each other? So in other words, like what are the chances that two people will answer all 100 questions exactly the same? Very low. But it turns out as you get closer to 50, in fact already by 85% identity between answers, you're going to get closer to 5%. So you're likely to have 5 people out of those 100 who will have 85 identical answers. So just randomly. So they said maybe this could be the basis of a test for detecting unusual duplication in datasets. And these guys knew at first hand because they had found a bunch of duplication problems in their own data from surveys of the Arab world. The Arab world, not all of the places, but in many places is very dangerous and you get a problem called curb stoning. It's exactly what it sounds like. The interviewer sits on the curb, makes up the data. They call it curb stoning. It has a name. It's such a problem that it has a name. And they had identified lots of examples of these and it's not the case that you just write the exact same answer for every fake respondent. Often it's like semi-random. Often you'll take yourself as a respondent and you'll just sort of interview yourself answering a little bit differently each time. It's hard and tedious to make generally completely random data. And unfortunately this is not amenable to an older trick that uses something called Benford's Law. Benford's Law is just the random distribution of digits at the end of numbers essentially. It has a particular shape which you can expect and if you get data that deviates from it, it makes you look twice. This kind of data fabrication is not amenable to that kind of test. So they were pretty excited. Like hey, maybe we actually have a method for finding problems at least as an early screener. So they ran a thousand public data sets and 26% of them came up with a significant number of false data from internationals. So from international surveys. So if you look at OECD countries, it drops to 5%. So already that is telling you something. Like you need to be able to explain why is there this difference and is there an alternative explanation to curb stoning. So they've been quietly introducing this and they never say what the list of studies is all the past year. They just say we looked at a thousand hundred. Everyone knows where this data is coming from. And the bombshell was the last slide last week at their talk where they said okay, here are 309 of Pew's studies. Everything above the red line failed the test. And it's like a third. It was a 30%. And right after they spoke, the director of survey research at Pew got up and tore the hell out of this method. Finding every possible flaw and she was very well prepared. It doesn't account for the number of questions, the number of respondents. I was able to go back and forth. This is a position that science journalist often finds him or herself in when it's adversarial. I felt like I was the judge in a case, listening to two lawyers like making cases. And I've got a deadline and I have to like, I'm gonna be coming out with a story one way or the other. And so my job as efficiently and fairly as possible is to let each side have their say, for sure. But better than that, ask intelligent questions that avoids misunderstandings on my part. And also try and kind of cool things down between them. By the end, it was pretty clear to me that Pew is being defensive, maybe over defensive, and that the researchers aren't saying that every single one of those dots above the red line is an example of fraud. They're saying this is an early screening test. So once you kind of like let people kind of talk it out, things start to cool down and that's really helpful. The fact remains, like now we have to know how much of our survey data is full of fraudulent data and how much does that matter? So like now it's an open question, everyone's talking about it. We will as a community sooner or later get to the bottom of this. But this was rumbling around for a year. The Pew researchers actually submitted this as a paper and they got a legalistic sounding, scary letter from Pew saying, withdraw your paper. We heard that you submitted it. Same public that it was submitted. So this is where journalists are useful allies to scientists. We have certain protections that allow us to just ignore legalistic threats as long as we're on the right side of the law and essentially make sure that the truth be told. Pew hasn't been making much noise about the paper since then and it got accepted. So that's an ongoing, that's an ongoing controversy. Here's the most adversarial of all that I've been dealing with last week. So this is a website. Raise your hand if you've heard of SciHub. Interesting. So SciHub is a website which as it spells out clearly lets you get any paper. So it's basically like a library except here's how it works. It takes the DOI or title of the paper that you want. It goes to a peer-to-peer distributed database called LibGen. It sees if the paper is in there. If it's in there, it serves you up a PDF of it. LibGen currently has about 50 million papers. It's essentially the largest academic library on tap in the world. If it's not in LibGen, it then reaches into a grab bag of credentials, uses a random one I assume to log in to a university or other kind of site that has a license to get access to this article, gets it, gives you the PDF, and puts a copy in LibGen. So this has been going on since 2011, and it's been kind of quiet until essentially the past few weeks when people started covering what was going on with this lady. So that is Alexandra Eldakian. She's from Kazakhstan. She's a neuroscientist. She created CyGen as an undergrad slash master student for her own use. It was essentially an efficiency boost for what people were already doing, which is I can has PDF. So I can has PDF. Anyone ever used it? Why would you? Why would you? You didn't have access to something. So if you don't have access to paper and you really need it, in the olden days, what you do is you would tweet. I can has PDF. This paper, here's my email address. And some altruistic person would email you that PDF. And, you know, that's essentially how the stop gap worked. And her solution is, well, why don't we just kind of make a machine that does that for everyone? So as soon as anyone can has PDF, everyone has PDF. The only catch here is that it is technically illegal. And she is on the hook for at least millions, if not a billion dollars now, because the largest of the publishers, Elsevier, successfully got an injunction against her website. That was a matter of just switching it to a new URL. It's like whack-a-mole. And I think that the court case is still up in the air. I think it's still ongoing. And she hasn't hired a defense. So it looks like kind of a foregone conclusion that she will be sued successfully in a New York court, and I assume Elsevier is an international company. It's going to be very hard for her to travel for the rest of her life. I don't think she can come to America. If she were in America, she would have faced a similar fate to Aaron Schwartz, who killed himself after being caught downloading four million similar articles at MIT in a closet. I found her. So it was pretty easy actually. And we use telegram. It's a secure protocol. And she, here's Aaron. He's dead. Here she is a few days, like I guess this weekend. We were trying to figure out a protocol like, how do you prove, if you're chatting with someone, that they are who they say they are? And I was like, hey, let's make a password for both the face and use a normal password. I'm still not sure if this is even worth the effort. But I was like, OK, close your left eye and write this down and hold up and take a picture. So she did. And I did the same. And since we're both public figures and we know what each other looks like and it was done quickly, I reckon that's good enough. So I think, with high confidence, I'm actually communicating with Alexander L. Bakyan. So she sent me data because I asked for it. And this is what journalists do. They ask for stuff. And sometimes people give it to you. So I now have the past six months of download events. And I bought an IP to geolocation database and worked with her to figure out essentially where people are download stuff. So this is minus China and Korea and a few other countries. And China is actually the number one along with India. They're very close. So imagine China being really red. But here's what the distribution looks like. And there's some... I don't know what the story is yet. Oh, yeah. I got excited.


Welcome back. Time to talk sports right here on the breakfast. The 2022-23 Premier League fixtures have been released and the dates of all 380 matches have been made known. It's a very juicy set of games we're looking forward to in the biggest league in the world, the English Premier League. The kickoffs are for 3pm for Saturdays and on bank holidays unless otherwise stated and of course we're told that the fixtures are subject to change. So the match is expected to start in kickoff here. The Premier League season, the first game is on Friday night for Arsenal fans like myself. That's London there be a tricky one, a way to Crystal Palace. Last time the team was there they didn't do too well. On Saturday the 6th of August the second set of matches still in that first round it will be Ellie Kickoff, Foham vs Liverpool, Bournemouth back in the Premier League versus Aston Villa, Leeds vs Wolves, Leicester City vs Brentford, Newcastle vs Nottingham Forest, Spurs vs Southampton and in the late kickoff 530 we'll see Everton vs Chelsea. The opening weekend is rounded off on Sunday with two games Manchester United vs Brighton by 2pm and West Ham vs Manchester City by 4.30pm. It seems to be a juicy one as well. I'd like to bring it I guess Monday. Thomas who is a season sports journalist. Monday good morning to you and nice to have you on Friday. Good morning. Coffee is nice to be here as well. How are you doing? Very good, very good. I want you to give me a sense of your excitement ahead of next season even though we are some weeks away. I'm sure you can't wait. Simply I can't wait. As you rightly stated, the biggest football league in the world. English football happens to be the most exciting one actually. Sometimes it feels like the scripts are written but you can't completely write a script of an entire season and we saw what happened in the last season. The drama, the very chaos when of course Manchester City were treading by two goals in the first 45 minutes and they had to come back to win three goals to two. This is what we need for English football. I simply can't wait to see the first few pictures but I worry if teams like Manchester United are ready for the next season. I worry if teams like Arsenal are ready for the next season. That's the question right now because according to reports yesterday Arsenal were very busy in the transfer markets and the likes of Manchester United are still in the same topic with the same talks with Paul Popper. The same talks with Paul Popper who is very close to joining event two. I mean there's this particular documentary where Paul Popper said that Manchester United offered him nothing but according to reports God bless the soul of the late Minerala. Minerala actually stopped Paul Popper from accepting £300,000 a week offer that Manchester United placed to him and quite unfortunate now that he's going to be earning £140,000 with Juventus but it's all about English football right now and I simply can't wait for the next season. I'm tipping the likes of Arsenal to make it to the top four and maybe Manchester City win the title again. Alright, interesting. I hope at least your prediction comes true as a national fan. We'll look at some of the transfer activity before we're done but looking at the first weekend of the fixtures it seems that a juicy one. Do you think this is the best with the league could have started off with a Crystal Palace hosting Arsenal on Friday night at the start of the Premier League? Alright, that game, you're an Arsenal fan. I'm an Arsenal fan too and as an Arsenal fan we know what it means playing against Crystal Palace at the cell host spot. The last Arsenal play there was on a Monday where Arsenal lost three goals to Neal. I mean that was the beginning of the trouble that made the Gunners follow the top four position. It's certainly going to be tricky but the most tricky one is going to be for me Brighton playing against Manchester United away from home. Erickton Hans first few games as a Manchester United coach is always certainly going to be difficult. We also have a very tricky affair where Everton will take on Chelsea at the Merseyside stadium. Everton, I mean a site that did their very best to escape relegation. I don't think they will want to try out relegation battle again so they will want to start the season on the black note on a very good note by beating Chelsea and I see again maybe Manchester United will lose on the first day but aside I'm very sure we on the first day are Liverpool because they're taking on a newly promoted side Fulham and for the first time the top right side is taking on a newly promoted team for the fourth consecutive season and that happens to be Liverpool. They take on Fulham last season I think they took on Norwich City in their first game or was it Leicester I can't remember but they are always used to getting very very very lucky fixtures in the first start of the season. Easy fixtures you would say. How do you think the new entrance so I would call it return ease to the Premier League will fare next season looking at Fulham who have from the habit of becoming the new Norwich City down this season up the next season down the next season and all that you have AFC Bournemouth who had a good run they went down and are back and then you have Nottingham Forrests who are former giants who have working from the dead how do you think these three teams will fare in the coming season and not forgetting Fulham as well the biggest boys just like I said the roller coaster are going back coming back back and forth Fulham are the merchants for that they love going to an English Premier League season and returning the next season to the championship but I think they are going to be better because they already been criticized as a team that people are already sure of them returning to the championship next season but I don't think it's gonna be business as usual for Fulham they have the likes of Mitchell Beach and they are looking to get more players to make sure they are all departments are solid the goalkeeper department they're in talks with Arsenal's number two goalkeeper Bird Leno so you can see that they are already making some great signings for next season for Nottingham Forrests the first time they were playing in their top five in since 1999 so they'll be looking forward to remaining in the Premier League for at least three four years before we talk of them being really gated I don't think it's gonna be business as usual and I'll swole the chair is almost I can remember their first the last time they returned to the season they were a little bit of a very tricky side it's certainly not gonna be business as usual so maybe we might get to see signs that have not been really gated in the long world the likes of maybe Southampton the likes of Everton they might also be in the relegation battle but for the new sites I think they're ready for battle and let's just get to wish them luck and get to get ready for an exciting season ahead. Which of these three you think will stay up?    I'm not sure of Bournemouth. Alright, alright, alright. Interesting and at the end of the first weekend who would you think will be on top of the Premier League table? Will Arsenal remain there? Of course they're already on top before the league even starts alphabetically. Well, if Arsenal get a win, alphabetically they have an advantage so I think Arsenal will be finished on top of the log at the first match of the season. It may not be the same Arsenal we saw last season. Yep, it will not be. They are very close to signing variable cases. They are very close to signing Fabio Viera from Porto. So these are quality signings that will of course help keep Arsenal in the top flight and also as well as in the top four and maybe they get to return to UEFA Champions League football in the start of the 2024 campaign or 2023 campaign and the 2024 campaign. Alright, now what I'm sure we'll have you talk some transfer gossip on the programme sometime in the future and then we'll build up to the new season. Monday Thermals is always a pleasure having you as usual with your excellent analysis. Thanks for your time. Kofi Bartels, have a fantastic time. Alright, alright, gone as for life, right? I mean if you take it off, media houses in Nigeria, most of the media personalities are Arsenal fans. I don't know why. My name is Kofi Bartels. That's been our package this week on the breakfast. Our return next week of course with more. We will return next week with more on the programme. Don't forget to follow us online at Plus City Africa. Have a fantastic weekend. Good morning.