Colleagues, good afternoon. My name is Heather Conley. I'm Senior Fellow and Director of the Europe Program here at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and I'm delighted to be joined by my colleague, David Palmfrey, who co-directs our Energy and National Security Program here as we both join in welcoming the European Union Commissioner for Energy, Gunther Ettinger. What a privilege and a pleasure that you could be here with us. We are going to be incredibly efficient in the next moments of discussion. The Commissioner has to depart a little earlier at 2.15 to have a meeting at the Department of Energy. So, we are going to get down to business as quickly as possible, and we'll ask when we stop at 2.15, if you can just remain in your seats, we're going to escort the Commissioner out so he can get on his way and then we will proceed to departure. The Commissioner has been very generous to say any unanswered questions, we will collect them, and he is going to answer them, or his very talented staff will be answering them. And then we will post them on our website. So if we don't get to your questions, he will be very, very responsive. So very briefly, Ettinger has been the Energy Commissioner since February of 2010. Prior to that he served as the State President of Baden-Wettenberg from 2005 to 2010. A veteran and seasoned political leader in the Christian Democratic Union has held many, many significant positions throughout both the party leadership as well as in Baden-Wettenberg. So we are delighted, Energy is on our mind, the impact of the U.S. unconventional oil and gas revolution, and the changing and evolving energy landscape in Europe. So Commissioner, we welcome you, the floor is yours, and then my colleague David will take us through a very efficient question and answer session. So thank you all very much for joining us, and Commissioner again, welcome. Dear Ms. Conley, dear Mr. Pamre, dear Daniel Yelkin, friends, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting us to say a few words about recent developments on global energy markets and the implications that these have or will have on our transatlantic partnership. Ensuring a reliable and steady flow of energy is a fundamental requirement for our modern economies and the high quality of life that we have achieved today. Energy is, if not the engine, at least the fuel of our economic growth. And for this we require competitive, low energy prices, since even more important in current economic situation. However, increasing demand for energy concerns about the possible lack of investments, price volatility, and concerns about safety and sustainability has meant that energy, security and sustainability has become an important issue alongside promoting economic recovery and climate change. C.U. and C.U.S. share a common vision of energy security and sustainability, that this is best achieved through open, competitive and transparent international energy markets and through supportive policies that promote the sustainability of energy production and consumption, in particular the development of renewable energies and energy efficiency. As President Obama recently said in a speech to Georgetown University, we can't just drill our way out of the energy and climate challenge that we face. It is these values that we need to continue to promote globally, particularly in countries where the state plays an excessively dominant role in the energy sector. These values should be fully reflected in our transatlantic trade and investment partnership, currently under negotiation. We should set the global benchmarks together and thereby contribute to developing a stronger set of rules for the energy sector in the multilateral trade system. International initiatives and organizations, such as the International Energy Agency or the International Energy Forum or the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Corporation and increasingly the G20 also provide important vehicles for us to influence the global energy debate. And to ensure energy security also means addressing issues that go beyond just the energy sector itself. Climate change, trade and development, social and environmental issues, as well as political and security concerns are all now a full and integral part of the energy security challenge. But looking at the changing global energy landscape, the question arises as to whether the EU and the US are now following diverging paths across the Atlantic. In the North American continent, it's clear that a significant energy revolution has taken place, but one that is having and will continue to have a major impact on EU and global energy markets. In the space of a couple of years, the energy situation in the US has radically changed from being one of increasing dependency on oil and gas imports to a situation where US domestic production of both oil and gas are expected to expand significantly. As you are doubtless aware, the US Energy Information Administration, latest annual energy outlook suggests that US oil and oil dependency will continue to increase from 45% in 2011 to only 33% in 2013. While current predictions suggest that imports may increase thereafter again, these are expected to be largely sourced from the same hemisphere rather than the Middle East. Today, for the first time in 60 years, the US is exporting more refined petroleum than it is importing. And US domestic production of gas is expected to increase to 2040, surpassing domestic consumption by 2020, and spruing net exports of gas. The first LNG exports from the US could already be occurring by 2016. This, your energy revolution, is already having a major impact on the competitiveness of certain segments of the US industrial sector, particularly on energy-intensive industries such as the chemicals sector, steel, plastics, cement, ceramics, and glass. Indeed, I noted that the US President's National Security Advisor reported back in April that manufacturers in energy-intensive sectors have announced up to $95 billion investments across the US to take advantage of low-cost natural gas. This is in contrast to the situation in the EU. The positive message is that our latest working scenarios for the EU suggest further improvements in energy efficiency and renewable energy to 2030. They suggest that total energy demand could decrease by 9 percent in 2030 compared to 2010, and that there will be a stronger uptake of renewable energy than has been suggested in our previous scenarios. This means that our 20 percent renewables target by 2020 could be slightly overachieved and could reach around 25 percent by 2030. In the electricity sector, renewables could account for nearly 45 percent of power generation in 2030, driven largely by onshore and offshore wind as well as solar. However, when looking at the oil and gas sectors, the EU's import dependency will increase significantly as domestic production continues to decline. We anticipate that domestic oil production could decrease by 45 percent between now and 2030 and domestic gas production to increase by some 30 percent over the same period. This drop in gas production could eventually be somewhere mitigated by unconventional gas production, but this faces significant challenges in the current context in the EU. The result is that the EU's dependence on oil imports could increase from 80, 85 percent in 2010 to over 90 percent in 2030 and for gas from 60 to nearly 75 percent. At the same time, the EU faces the challenge of high energy prices, which are particularly important for EU's competitiveness. In 2012, industry gas prices were more than four times lower in the US than in Europe. This was recently discussed at a meeting in Brussels by the heads of state of the EU member countries, who have now requested the Commission to carry out a full assessment of the composition and drivers of energy prices and costs in the EU and to look more widely at the EU's competitiveness vis-à-vis its global economic counterparts. While key oil suppliers for the EU are Russia and Norway and for gas also Algeria, the main conventional proven reserves are in more challenging regions. This has led the EU in terms of supplies of hydrocarbons to focus on our enlarged neighbourhood for new sources of supplies while ensuring that whatever energy arrives from external sources, as well as what is produced domestically, can circulate freely around Europe. It is for this letter reason that the key priority for us is the creation of a fully integrated and fully functioning EU-wide internal energy market. This is being addressed from the regulatory perspective with our legislation on the liberalisation of the electricity in gas sectors as well as from the infrastructure perspective to ensure that the EU market is fully interconnected. The heads of state of the EU member countries have set an objective of completing the internal energy market by next year and developing interconnections so as to put an end to any isolation of member countries from the European gas and electricity grids by 2015. It is in this context that we are working very closely, for example, with the countries concerned on a Baltic energy market in the connection plan to take concrete measures to connect Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia better to the wider EU energy networks. Ladies and gentlemen, it's important to recall that energy has been a core policy area of the EU from the start. Following the Schumann Declaration of 1950, the former runner of today's EU was the European Coal and Steel Community, which paved the way for a new kind of peaceful cooperation in Europe. However, it's only with the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 that the EU was given an explicit competence in energy policy. And we are on the way to European ice energy policies. Even in this new context, individual member states remain responsible for managing their own energy mix. For example, whether nuclear power should or should not be an option remains a national choice. I have therefore challenged our 28 member states. That is our common interest for the EU to speak with one voice in external energy relations. To our third partners, take Russia or take Algeria, Norway and others. It makes sense for the world's largest practically fully integrated regional market to present as fair as possible a single common approach to external partners. This is because firstly our member states have broadly similar if not an identical interest in ensuring a secure competitive response and sustainable flow of energy to their markets. And secondly, as the EU single energy market becomes a reality decisions and developments on one member state will have an increasingly important impact on all other member states. Dear friends, Russia is of course a key partner in this context. The Russian Federation is our foremost external supplier of energy goods. It delivers 30% of the EU's gas imports, 34% of its oil imports and 27% of its coal imports. In addition, Russia is an important supplier of uranium to the EU. So it's our main partner since decades and for decades. At the same time, Russian companies and Russian state budget rely heavily on the income generated by these exports to the EU. Our infrastructure systems for oil and gas are closely interconnected and not just in the Baltics. And indeed, Russia and the EU complement one another. Over the past decades, we have been developing a stable supplier-consumer relation and very close trade and business relations. The other side of the coin is that our energy relations in the past years have not always been easy. There are security of supply concerns in the EU and security of demand concerns in Russia. The interruption of gas-applies during the Russia-Ukraine conflict in January 2009 was a wake-up call for the EU to further continue its diversification policy and speed up the creation of an internal market for gas and electricity. However, it's clear that some of the dissensions are based on different conceptions, different cultures about how our energy markets should function rather than geopolitical considerations. In the EU, we want to create effectively functioning and competitive energy markets across the internal frontiers of EU member states. Gas and electricity should flow freely across markets from low-price areas to high-price areas. Prices should be based on supply and demand and not reflect regulation, subsidized or the dominant position of one market player. When looking specifically at gas, Russia has been our main supplier for many decades, making up 25% up to 30% in most years, some 150 billion cubic meters in 2012. But this has changed recently, this Norway catching up fast and the share of LNG growing significantly in particular after the 2009 gas crisis. Russia needs to reflect on these developments and adapt its positions to be more flexible in its attitude with buyers and more competitive in terms of price. Let me take this occasion to clearly state that I do not think that the way such is too dependent on Russian gas. We also do not have to worry about increasing Russian gas volumes coming to the EU. However, in order to ensure a functioning, competitive and sustainable internal gas market, all parts of the EU should have access to different gas sources and access to gas at competitive prices. And this includes encouraging new suppliers such as the US to play an active role in the global gas markets. Ladies and gentlemen, a few words to Ukraine are required to complete this picture. Despite ups and downs of its relationship with Russia, Ukraine remains a major transit country for Russia and Russian energy sources. And we have traditionally viewed the country in this light. We have led the initiative to modernize Ukraine's gas transmission system, which together with the ongoing gas sector reforms should reinforce Ukraine's role as a reliable transit country in a way that will be to the mutual advantage of Ukraine, the EU and Russia. However, Ukraine has a major potential to be more than just a transit country. It has significant domestic gas resources, both conventional and unconventional, together with the vast network of gas pipelines already in place and important gas storage capacities. These are key assets. Provided certain conditions are met, these assets can be used to in a way that further develops the role of Ukraine as fair as energy is concerned in particular in the upstream gas market and offers a real potential for Ukraine to become an Eastern European gas hub. We are working with Ukraine and its neighbors to ensure that Ukraine has the possibility to access gas from the international markets, namely by reverse flow technologies from Poland, Hungary and maybe Slovakia. Ukraine became a member of the Energy Community Treaty in 2011. This was a historic event. The Energy Community extends the EU internal energy policy in electricity and gas to Southeast Europe and Black Sea region on the basis of a legally binding framework. Ukraine's membership can therefore be seen as an important step by the EU and Ukraine towards a common energy market and should also be seen as a clear signal of Ukraine's European perspective. So the forms that membership of the Energy Community entails should enhance the attractiveness of the energy sector to international energy and financial companies. A number of the European and US oil companies are now actively interested in Ukraine. It's Chevron, Exfomobile and many others. And I think our Energy Community is the best legal basis for investments you can have. But to complement the major role that Ukraine will continue to play, it is in the gas sector where the Commission has been most actively promoting a diversification of sources and this is already showing results. An important priority has been to work with the concerned countries and companies to open up the so-called Sazan Corridor to ensure direct and sizable access to the hydrocarbon sources of the Caspian and Central Asian region. In this context, I warmly welcome the fact that the decision was taken at the end of last month and the pipeline to bring gas from Azerbaijan to Europe. TAP, the Trans-Atriatic Pipeline, was chosen as a European distribution pipeline for gas coming from these fields. A historical decision as it signals the substantial volumes of gas will come to Europe from a Caspian country on a direct way, directly from Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, to our European Union markets and not over Russian areas. In addition, I expect that Azerbaijan, together with other countries in the Caspian region, will be supplying us with at least 30 billion cubic meter per year by 2025. In the context of the EU-U.S. Energy Council, we have been discussing with our U.S. counterparts their experience in developing unconventional gas resources, particularly in the light of the Commission's work underway in producing an environmental climate and energy assessment framework to enable safe and secure unconventional fossil fuel resources. While we do not anticipate significant production of unconventional gas in the EU, it could nonetheless perhaps slow down our growing gas dependency. Ladies and gentlemen, whatever developments the modern world has produced in recent years, the fact remains that the EU and the U.S. jointly still represent by fair the largest trade and investment zone. Total U.S. investment in the EU is three times higher than in all of Asia. And EU investment in the U.S. is around eight times the amount of EU investment in India, in China together. It is therefore in our common interest to nurture this relationship. In this context, the EU-U.S. Energy Council was established back in 2009 to enhance our transatlantic dialogue on energy security, energy technologies research, and on energy regulatory policy and is our primary bilateral framework in the energy field. It's now led on the U.S. side by Secretary Kerry and Moniz and on the U.S. side by my colleague Lady Ashton and me. Our annual discussions and contacts at a working level have ensured a sharing of information, for example, on global oil and gas market developments, energy developments in key producing and transit areas, as well as enhancing technology cooperation on nuclear fusion, smart grids, hydrogen and fuel cells, and critical materials. And on energy policy, our focus has been on energy efficiency, carbon capture and storage, smart grids connected to electric vehicles, and nuclear safety, with the objective being to try to coordinate policies and set compatible standards and incentives to promote the market uptake of clean energy technologies. Together with the transatlantic trade investment partnership discussions that are underway, we now have a real opportunity to take the joint lead in setting the rules and standards for the global energy market. And with the growing energy potential of the North American continent, there is a real possibility of a renewed transatlantic energy trade. Indeed, the reduced U.S. call on the global LNG markets has already benefited the EU by introducing price pressures on the traditional pipeline suppliers in addition to supplying the growing Asian market. And in the near future, we could also potentially see U.S. LNG exports and further U.S. exports of refined oil products. So, while our energy markets in terms of import dependency on hydrocarbons may be diverging, this may in fact open up significant opportunities for an increased energy partnership and transatlantic energy trade. Thank you all. Thank you, Commissioner, for a very good comprehensive overview of issues both for the union and for our relationship. We'll go ahead. We have about 15 minutes for questions. Heather has reinforced to me that we're on a very tight time schedule. So in true CSIS fashion is when you ask your questions, are you going to take the microphone around? Wait until the microphone gets to you because it's probably easier than using these on the desktop. Identify yourself, and if you can, have whatever statement you want to make at least formulated in some way as a question as we go forward. But I would like to follow up first. I haven't taken the prerogative of maybe if you can expand a little bit on some of the initial thinking that you may have in Europe on the question of how energy might factor into the negotiations beginning on the TTIP process. So what might be some of the things Europe might be looking for out of that negotiating process? I think energy should be a major role in our negotiations.  We would prefer to come to a common market. I'm sure our companies are willing to import gas. And next point are electrotechnical products and standards. Take GE products or Siemens products or Phil's products, labeling, and eco-design, and all technical standards or take plugs and cars. So energy consumer products could be an issue for our negotiations as well to come to technical standards for security as well in the whole energy chain from crude oil from energy sources up to energy-consuming machines, tools, and goods. Okay, I can see who has some questions. Okay, we'll start here and then take one in the back and I think there's one on the site. Why don't we get all three on the table so that you'll have a chance to... Thank you for your comments. Steven Zabel of Transatlantic Academy here in Washington. I have a question for you about the Russian pivot toward Asia. Do you take this seriously? Is this a real energy alternative for Russia by going toward Asia with the Chinese now coming in with promises of financing? I thought we might get... Fernando, yeah. I had a question on the South Stream Pipeline as the European Commission considers the approvals for the onshore sections of that. Do you think that it could end up as a pipeline that will be open to third-party access for Caspian supplies? Francesco Federa and Basio Vitali and, as you know, Commissioner Itali welcomed... well, extremely welcomed the decision from the Shahadini consortium for TAP, the trans-hadiatic pipeline. If you could just elaborate a little more on how you see this decision as a possible difference maker for the future of energy in Europe. Thanks. If you take Italy, Italy is depending on... on imports and, namely, gas coming from Algeria is relevant for your home country. And this TAP infrastructure means having a new route and new sources. And so it's good for your markets and for your position having two competitors. TAP, it's a consortium with three companies. It's Stadeuil, Norway. It's a consortium of local regions of Switzerland. And it's Ionurgas. But this TAP consortium is open to more shareholders. And I think Italy should be engaged to be a part of the consortium.  And let me say what we prefer is a scalable pipeline system, not just 10 billion cubic metres, up to 30 and more. And so the TANAP pipeline now is issue because from the eastern border of Turkey, Georgia-Turkey to the western border of Turkey, it's a huge distance. Several billion have to be invested. And this TANAP pipeline should be a scalable pipeline. So we have an increasing relationship to the Caspian region. I mentioned 30 billion cubic metres at the end of the process integrating Turkmenistan, integrating the northern parts of Iraq, the Kurdish parts means that a volume up to 50 billion cubic metres is feasible. South Stream. South Stream at the moment we don't know enough. It's a strategic option for Mr. Putin and Gazprom. It's never a business case. To build a pipeline through the Black Sea is a huge challenge. And there are many risks. The Black Sea is a deep sea. If you compare the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea you can't compare it. The Baltic Sea some metres deep. The Black Sea some 1000 metres deep. And private investors wouldn't invest. But political investors maybe are investing. South Stream is an instrument in a poker game with Ukraine between Russia and Ukraine. And it was an instrument against Southern Colorado. What we accept is that South Stream is a new route for old existing sources. And at the end of the day we are accepting South Stream but they have to accept our rules. And bundling through party access competition rules environmental obligations and so on. And my hope is that we can come to a compromise between Russia, Ukraine and EU for to renovate existing pipelines the existing gas 20 systems throughout Ukraine. And I'm not sure that South Stream is an option but it's not decided. And it's an ongoing process. I'm sure it's mainly Ukraine. If we come to a compromise between Russia, Ukraine and EU then South Stream is not really a must in our Eastern and Western European pipeline system. Russia in general we have many points on our common agenda and I'm sure we have to come to a package before end of the year. If you look to a third pipeline in the Baltic Sea or fourth pipeline if you look to our pipeline systems inside CEU Nelen or Palen so on and our third internal market package if you look to our Baltic states and how to desynchronize the grid systems if you look to Kaliningrad and nuclear power plants there and the Russians are interested to export power to the European Union markets we are coming near and near to a bigger package of compromises with our Russian partners. So one question here if we have time for about two quick questions one here and then more Thank you. My name is Jesper Peterson I'm a Ron Astmus fellow with the German Marshall Fund Mr. Commissioner you recently invited public comments on your 2030 energy plan and some of the major industrial and commercial interests in Europe responded that they had significant concerns with high energy prices and their effect on European competitiveness especially as some of the major EU member states either phase out nuclear or reject the option of utilizing unconventional resources. Do you share those concerns or do you believe that the combination of efficiency gains and use of renewables can adequately address them Thank you. Mr. Commissioner Good afternoon. My name is Lawrence Jones I'm also the board of the Center for Sustainable Development in Africa. My question comes back to the transatlantic concept you talked about. Recently after President Obama's trip to Africa I've had discussions with African leaders who've looked at transatlantic relationship being Africa, Europe and the United States. Do you envision scenario where the US and Europe could come together and have a common policy towards Africa to kind of counterbalance to what China is doing just in terms of the huge volume of resources China is bringing as opposed to splitting up the US component and the European component. Could we have an EU-US approach to African energy investments? Thank you. Good question. In former times or in last decades there was an US engagement in Libya or in Nigeria there was an US investment from your private industries and so on with the shale gas revolution maybe your own priorities are changing. It's up to you. It's not Africa as a whole. You have to divide the makeup zone that's our direct neighbor Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia and we are developing a pan-European strategy. It's namely infrastructure. We have existing oil pipelines, gas pipelines and my dream is to have some power pipelines so some grids between the Sassan military and the northern and and having investments coming from Europe in these regions avoiding to burn oil to produce power and installing more and more offshore onshore wind and solar power plants. I think it's a real option and a real win-win effect but on a long term 20 to 30 years. Then you must look to countries as Nigeria having own sources and we must look to Central Africa having no own sources no fossil fuels and last point is South Africa in our process energy for all we are engaged it's the United Nations process and I think we need a common approach indeed it's engineering it's looking to pragmatic projects a hydro project or projects country by country and I think energy could be a main point when we look to our relations to these countries in Africa up to 40% have no daily power and power is the one and only for cooling buildings for manufacturing for safety and security for life quality and I think so in Central and Eastern parts of Africa for all is the best offer from your side and our side from G20 for to come to a level of life quality which should be developed in next 5 to 15 years our queen book coming in out in March this year what is the background there for our way to UP nice energy policies and to UP nice climate change policies in parallel and connected will end in 2020 if there is no next dimension because our 2020 targets have a goal in 2020 and so now investors need long term planning security and 2020 was yesterday for investors in the energy sector and 2030 is tomorrow morning we need a common policy and we need clear signals to the market and to investors what happens beyond 2020 in our EU 28 in our European Union energy markets when I started energy policy European energy policy was just an instrument for climate change policies climate change was secretary and energy was under secretary was just a service provider and my understanding is that we need an own energy strategy connected to climate change policies but connected to industrial policies to growth and development as well and connected to social follow ups acceptable energy prices avoiding energy poverty and so on and I think these concerns of our European industries namely of our German industries and some Austrian and some Dutch and Belgian industries and some French industries are relevant cause in Germany you have to pay for gas four times more as US industries have to pay at the moment it's not acceptable for no energy intensive sector it's not acceptable they have to go and our electricity market means double price in Germany behind Japan and Cyprus and Denmark has one of the highest electricity prices and our renewable support scheme will increase the price in next years year by year by 10% I'm sure in 2014 10% more, 2015 2016 and so I have close contacts to the BDI the German association of industries and we have to change something what are the reasons for higher and higher enterprises and what can be done by lower taxation by more efficient investments by new grits by decisions wind parks located where the wind is blowing solar parks in the south of European Union is maybe a must for to avoid and the industrialization of Europe I think that you have more and more industries is welcome but not as a follow up of our European energy and climate change policies we need a win-win effect between your and our industries but not the country well thank you very much for taking so much time with us out of a very busy schedule we know that you have in Washington please join me in thanking the commissioner for his presentations today and as Heather mentioned if you could please stay in your seats until his delegation are able to leave the room we made that as a promise so we could get across town for the next set of meetings thank you very much terrific question


do you know what today is today is my very favorite day in boulder colorado and this was amelia's very first time running the boulder boulder it was every year i do this race a rush of childhood memories come back to me thank you volunteers you're awesome dancing those bubbles


This is a picture the Kansas City Chiefs in action who are off to a 3-0 start in their young NFL season That's already one more win than the team achieved all of last year Such turnarounds are fairly common in football as the game is rigged to help prop up struggling teams and trip up successful ones All in the name of parody. I have long marveled about the irony that the most socialist institution in American life Maybe none other than the National Football League in contrast to baseball where teams from larger cities have a lot more money to play with The NFL pools its billions of national TV revenue into one pot and then divvies it up equally among all teams The NFL also imposes a strict salary cap on each team. This is why Green Bay, Wisconsin the nation's 152nd largest metro area Can feel the competitive team The worst teams in a given season go first in the next college draft and they get an easier schedule Meaning today's losers are likely to be tomorrow's winners Such socialist policies that punish success and promote equality have meant that fans in most cities Even in Kansas City, taste success reasonably often


فسألوا أهل الذكري إن كنتم لا تعلمون الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على من أرسل الله رحمة للعالمين وعلى آله وصحبه وإخوانه لا يوم دينا مبعد شخص يسأل لديك سؤال وإن شاء الله هؤلاء هؤلاء هؤلاء هؤلاء هؤلاء هؤلاء السؤال is what is the ruling regarding reciting beautifully the إستعادة العوذي باللهي to recite beautifully when you say عوذي بالله من الشيطان الرجين to recite it beautifully and the second question is reading the Quran as a congregation as a group what is the ruling regarding that as well and insha'Allah I will answer both of them together what we know is that أنت عبودة بتحسين الصوت trying to worship Allah by beautifying your voice in reciting the Quran sorry what is known is beautifying your voice and wanting to get closer to Allah through it is only specifically done for the Quran the only thing that you can recite beautifully and want to get closer to Allah by that recitation like that is only the Quran as for anything other than that it is not allowed for you to do it الله says in the Quran ورتل القرآن ترتيلا read the Quran with recitation also الله تبارك وتعالى He said وقرآن فرقناه لتقرأه على الناس على مكتم ونزلناه تنزيلا أنه مسلم صلى الله عليه وسلم و also said زيين القرآن بأصواتكم beautify the Quran with your voices إمام أبو داود he narrated it نسائي ابن ماجه أحمد on the authority of براءي بن عازم and الشيخ محمد الله صلى الله عليه وسلم authenticated it in the sense of Hadith الصحيح also the message of صلى الله عليه وسلم he said ما أدن الله لشيء ما أدن للنبي حسن صوت يتغنى بالقرآن يجهر به ما أدن الله هو الله has not permitted لشيء في أي ماته ما أدن الله which he has permitted للنبي in a prophet حسن صوت beautiful voice يتغنى who recites the Quran with a beautiful voice يجهر به he reads it aloud so what we find out that the Quran is the only thing in which you are allowed to recite beautifully and trying to get closer to Allah through it um so here the question that arises is that is the استعادة a verse from the Quran is the استعادة a verse from the Quran but before I go into that what is important is that that the استعادة was legislated for you to start it before the Quran so you isيانة للقراءة it is a protection for your recitation from what عن وساويس الشيطاني the whispers of shaitan because Allah says in the Quran فإذا قرأت القرآن فاستعيد بالله من الشيطاني الرجيم if you read the Quran see the graph of jinn Allah who tabaraka wa ta'a lafam shaitan الرجيم ابرا حزم رحمه الله he said قد صحى اجماع جميع قراء اهل الاسلامي جيلاً بعد جيلاً it has unanimously occurred authentically from all the reciters all of them generations after generation على الابتدائيب التعوذي to start with عوذ بالله متصلا بالقراءة connecting it with your recitation قبل اخذي في القراءة before you try to take a portion from the Quran meaning before you recite the Quran that you read it so that is to show you that it's legislated but ليس تل استعادة the استعادة is not a verse from the Quran it is not a verse from the Quran and everything that is not from the Quran لا يأخذوا حكمه it does not take the law the legislation or the ruling of the Quran because عوذ بالله من الشيطاني الرجيم is not from the Quran it doesn't take the ruling of the Quran سواء من جهة التعبودي أو استدلال إلا بداليلين it doesn't take it from the angle of worshipping Allah through it or also using it as an evidence unless an evidence shows that it is so the عوذ بالله you don't read it loudly وينصروا الاستعادة في الصلاة so that's when you're praying the صلاة the استعادة you say it loud ولا يتهرو بها a person should not say it loud إمراق قدام المقدسي in his great kitab المغني which is the sharah of the book of الإمام الخراقي المختصر الخراقي إبن القدامة that book he done explanation on that book مختصر الخراقي إبن القدامة which is the kitab فق المقارن he says لا أعلم فيه خلافا there is no khilaf amongst the scholars regarding that that عوذ بالله من الشيطاني الرجيم is read low in the salah and that you should not read it loud there is no khilaf amongst the scholars regarding that that is the first part of the question the second part what about reciting the Quran as a congregation as a group as a whole as for reading the Quran together as a group as a whole with one voice and want to get closer to Allah like this we say then this is فهو أمر فهو أمر رح داثن it is a newly invented matter لما يعرفوا السلف الصالح the righteous pious predecessors did not know this matter but if the person recites the Quran as a group and they listen to each other and one reads the verse and the other one reads the verse and then the other one reads the verse and then the other one reads the verse and they listen to one another then there is no problem with that matter but the problem is if they are all reading it together with one voice or part of the verse as some communities do at the ending of the verse they start reading that last part of the verse together so for example if the ending of the ayah is والله بمت عملونا بصف they all say it together this is also that which is a newly invented and has no evidence because Allah orders us in the Quran that if the Quran is recited we should listen وإذا قرأ القرآن if the Quran is read فاستمعوا لسم له وأنستوا لعلكم ترحمون listen and pay attention to it and to read the Quran as a group and everybody taking a verse إن شاء الله يتعالى there is no problem as it doesn't go against the ayah and it goes hamlin and inshallah يتعالى with the hadith of Imam Abu Ghraira صحبيه الجليل Abu Ghraira as Imam Muslim narrated Abu Dawud أحمدن is Muslim on the authority of Abu Ghraira that the messenger said مجتمع قوم في بيته من بيوت الله that a people do not come together in a house from the houses of Allah يترون كتاب الله they read the Quran of Allah تباركت عالم ويتدارسونه بينهم and they study with one another between themselves except what happens إلا نزلت عليهم إلا نزلت عليهم السكينة tranquility comes down on them وغشيتهم الرحبة and Allah's mercy will encompass them all وحفتهم الملائكة وذكرهم الله في من عنده the angels will go around them and Allah will mention them among these creation أوسع بسعيدن الخذري عن معاوية رضي الله تعالى معاوية that the messenger خرج على حلقة من أصحابه that the messenger one day came out on a group of his companions all sitting a group a circle فقال the prophet said ما أجلسكم what set you guys over here why are you all sitting here like this قالوا جلسنا we sat together نذكر الله we remembering Allah ونحمده and we praising him على ما هدانا للإسلامي that which Allah has guided us on Islam وما منع به علينا and that which Allah has bestowed upon us which we remembering that قال and the prophet said الله by Allah ما أجلسكم إلا ذاك nothing made you sit together like this except that قالوا والله by Allah ومسجل الله ما أجلسنا إلا ذاك nothing else made us sit together like this except that matter then the messenger said أما إني والله by Allah I did not لم أستخلفكم I did not make you guys say والله too متلكم because I suspected you guys I didn't make you guys say والله because I suspected you guys ولكنه but أتاني جبريل جبريل came to me فأخبراني and he told me أن الله يباهي بكم الملائكة ذا الله تبارك وتعالى he mentions you and praises you guys in the presence of these angels says look at my sermons it's over there who are remembering me والعلو عند الله وآخر دعوانا للحمد لله رب العالمين وصل الله على محمد وعاله وصحبه وإخوانه إلى يوم الدين وسلم تسليمها


Good afternoon everybody and thank you for joining. In fact, I'm not going to be quite as broad as Brian suggests because Oxford's global health tropical medicine interests are, as you probably worked out by now, pretty vast and I don't think there's anybody that knows everything about or even what they all are. So I'm going to focus on the Oxford Tropical Medicine Overseas Units. So these are based out of the Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health in the NDM and we have, this is all from their website actually, our store, we have three overseas units, all supported by the welcome cluster. We've got the Thailand unit where I'm based the Vietnam unit and the Kenya unit and I'm going to give just a brief overview of each of those. You'll also see there is an Oxford Centre for Global Health Research. Over the years, quite a lot of people have come largely come back from the tropics, some have joined straight from other other places in Europe, but mainly coming back from the tropics, senior investigators and have set up their own groups in Oxford. So there is now quite a critical mass of tropical medicine researchers within the Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health based in Oxford. But most of us are based overseas at one of the three overseas units. So you can see here we've got these are numbers from the website. I have no idea how accurate they are. 72 points from investigators, 220 Oxford Employees Star. I think about two-thirds to three-quarters of those are actually based overseas. A lot of local stuff, local national scientists and often of a senior positions and laboratory and field staff, two thousand of those. And this is all we, Oxford, obviously has to raise funds to, we have to raise funds to be able to do this research and so that's where the 340 million pound of research portfolio, I think that's just a snapshot. And one of the major, one of our major aims is to train, to train locally, to train internationally. And so we all have a lot of PhD students. And of course, of course, to raise the funds we have to produce publications and probably more important publications is impact, impact on health. That's certainly what the World Contrast wants. So, and just to remind you, there are of course major tropical health, tropical medicine, global health interests outside of CTMGH. In the GenF, for example, in the National Department of Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, elsewhere in the Medical Sciences Division and in fact in social sciences and other divisions in the University. So this is just our bit. And our bit in the MDM, the National Department of Medicine, started with this chap on the left. I think most tropical medicine in Oxford started with him. This is Sir David, Professor Sir David Weatherall, who was the Northfield Professor of Medicine in Oxford. When I was a clinical student there, and he then went on to become Reedus Professor and sadly died just a few years ago. He's here, he's on a rice bar to the Chow Chire River. I think this photo originally comes from David Warrell, who's on our speaker list today. And David Weatherall is with Peter Williams, who then was the Director of the World Contrast. And this is in 1979 and later that year. This unit, which where I work, which was the founding director of David Warrell, was started the Morrow, we call it. Madeleine Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit. So this is one of three units. But the units aren't just one unit, they're all a network. So here we have an old photo of our, I think around about 1980, with David Warrell smiling in the back there, his wife, Mary, talking about our senior tie collaborators, because wherever we work in the tropics, the most important thing is having excellent collaborators. And having a key collaborator will lead to the success of the project in, I think, most people's experience. You've also got Nick White there, who was the second Director of the unit. That was a while ago. It's grown since then. And all the tropical medicine interests of Oxford have grown organically over the years, whether they've been in Oxford or in the tropics. And so we started in Thailand, spread from Bangkok, within Thailand to the Taimianma border, to the northeast Thailand near the Cambodian Laos borders. And then also started the units where I first got involved in Vietnam, in Ho Chi Minh City. So that was a sort of daughter unit or part of the network of Moru, but has long since been its own unit. So it's now a sister unit, run by Professor Guy Thwaites. He's the Director there. There's a separate unit now. Then there's a unit in Laos, Long Ru, in Bangladesh, in Chittagong, in Cambodia, Khon Ru. We also have a unit in Kinshasa, where we study chart and severe and uncomplicated malaria in African children, and also malaria in pregnancy. And then we, for the last few years, have had a unit in Myanmar, which is still working, still doing work, mainly humanitarian work, despite the disasters that have happened in that country following the coup back in April. Most recently, we opened a little unit in Chiang Rai up in the north of Thailand, near the Golden Triangle. So that's the sort of thing which happens. And we have lots of collaborators. Everything is collaborative with local collaborators, international collaborators. And so these are the places where we work at any one time. This is a snapshot from actually from pretty much the end of last year. And some of our, all the units have got involved in COVID research, of course, and some of our COVID sites are not on there. But you see, most of our clinical study sites are collaborative. And we work closely with the salmon pink blobs, which are the main Vietnam unit sites. I won't bore you with this, just to show that we're very international. We've got 35 nationalities at the last count amongst our 800 staff. We've got about 68 postgraduate students at present in the Mora network, mainly PhD students and DFL students. And the main thing that we do is clinical investigation, clinical research, clinical trials. And you can see here that we've got lots of quite large trials going. And that's what we've been doing mainly over the past 40 years since the founding of the unit. And there on the left, you can see the sort of mix of publications, you know, the subjects, the publications that we produce. And in our unit, in the Mora network, we tend to focus on rural health rather than urban health. We do do some of that, but many rural health, that's particularly important in Southeast Asia where you have these large areas of upland Southeast Asia, which are quite mountainous, all trying to live access to former health care systems, which is very restricted. And they don't really often don't understand illness and their health-seeking behaviour is very, very different. And getting to the sites is very difficult too. This in the bottom left is in Myanmar, going to one site. It took 15 days trek to get to the study sites that we supply the workers there. And this upland area has been termed Zomir by one writer. It's quite a nice word, so we use it as a descriptive. So what research do we do? The main thing we do is see what the problems are. Many infectious diseases, not solely. What are the problems, afflicting the populations, mainly poor rural populations, where we end up doing epidemiology and diagnostics. Very ingenious, a major problem in the developing world. We do pathophysiology and pathobiology studies. And we try and improve patient care through community health, trying to work out better ways to look after the critically ill ICU in resource limited settings. There's a lot of work on that. And improving treatment, which can be pharmacology, pharmacokinetic studies, and clinical trials of course of new treatments. There's quite a big program on maternal and child health. And just because it's been such a big thing for us over the past 40 years, we have a theme of malaria elimination as a theme all to itself. And all of the units, Kenya, Vietnam, and Thailand, use this multi-central approach when doing clinical trials. And in fact, doing lots of observation studies as well. Because you can increase the power, you can increase the generalizability of the results, the geographical reach of your research, and if you're powerful enough, you can uncover heterogeneity and treatment effects and disease manifestations. Just a couple of examples of the power of multi-center studies, where it's two trials with one example. This is, the first one is the sequel math study, which is a trial to, which we did nearly 20, started nearly 20 years ago now, well 15 years ago now, comparing artesionate with the usual quinine per entry for the treatment of severe malaria. And this was done in four Asian countries, 11 sites, and mainly in adults. And we found that with artesionate, there was a 35% relative production in mortality. So this Chinese drug, quite a remarkable drug, was incredibly effective, reduced mortality, reduced the mortality from this devastation disease. It wasn't clear whether this would also work for African kids. African kids are the main sufferers in terms of total burden from severe malaria. That's still the heartland of malaria in Africa. So the study was repeated in the Aquamats study in Africa, in African children, and a similar result, 23% relative reduction in mortality. So that then led to a change in the treatment guidelines 10 years ago. And that in turn, these are our estimates, this is from the medicines from an area venture. That change in treatment has already saved nearly a million lives in terms of the death prevented by that change in recommendation. And actually, then of course, lots of other huge, huge programmatic effort was put into deploying artesionate rather than clinic. So that's just an example of impacts in this. Examples from Vietnam and Kenya as well. In Vietnam, they did very large, the largest ever TV meningitis studies. And in Kenya, there are multiple very large multi-center studies, including the Feast study, which you may have heard of, which showed that giving boluses to very sick kids was deneterious and causing increase in mortality. So kids with severe malaria or sepsis, unknown after physiology, we don't know why that happens. So moving, first of all, Eastwoods to the Vietnam unit, as I say now, a separate unit run by Guy Thwaites. Guy Thwaites is currently on an island off the coast of Vietnam celebrating his wife's birthday. So can't be with us today, but he's given me these some slides. So we'll create them soon for that. It's again a multi-center program. There are four main units, one in Ho Chi Minh City, one in Hanoi, one in Nepal, and one in Jakarta. Obviously, Indonesia is a huge population, very important place to do medical research. And that's a very nice mission statement from him. Our vision is to have a local regional, global impact on health by leaving a locally driven research program on infectious diseases in Southeast Asia. And apart from the Southeast Asia bit, that could probably apply to all of us. So this is just a little bit of history and also showing you what, how the science has developed. It's all organic as we talked about with the Thailand unit. So we've got Debbie Waller who's a GP in Beaumont Street and came out and ran the unit for the first year there with Nick White and Professor He-in, a remarkable man, key to have a local collaborator who wants to have the same vision. And you can see we started working on malaria, tetanus plague, and typhoid, and then dengue, and then brain infections. I was particularly interested of Jeremy Farrah who took over as director in 1996. And he started the work on TB meningitis and then worked on avian influenza and did similar work on that. So you can then AMR and also someone health work and lots of different methodologies that we have to develop and have in-house or have really good collaborators. The in-house research methods that are there in Oxford University Clinical Research Unit is what the Vietnam unit is called, at least that's what it's called in Vietnam. It's called EOCRU for Eitman Oxford Clinical Research Unit in Indonesia. So the traditional stuff we do, this is Guy's approaches is his nice graphic, is clinical research using randomized controlled trance. How do we get sick patients well? And we need laboratory support. Although most of our laboratory workers, which can be quite sophisticated in terms of sequencing, immunology, etc., is done to support the clinical research. That can help you work out what the pathways to health could be, what pathogenesis diseases, how you can interrupt it, how you can improve health. And then in Vietnam they go to the community and involve the whole community. So this community health program, epidemiology, modeling, genomics, public engagement, health economics and social science and that feeds into the research in hospitals as well. So research at community level, hospital level and laboratory level. And then how to get impact influence is you work nationally and internationally with governments and with WHO and other organizations as we're trying to translate your research findings into impact on health. These are the diseases that the Vietnam unit is currently working on. So we've got TB, malaria and dengue, probably the three big ones at the moment and you can see the rest there as well.  And we need to get funding, try to get personal funding for our young scientists and welcome fellowships. Obviously publications are important and you can see here that the Vietnam unit guy and the rest of the team there have produced some high impacts. Publications over the last five years, lots of PhD students, mainly probably almost all of these are our local PhD students. We do have a few, both in Thailand and Vietnam, a few more in Thailand of international PhD students as well. And impact, getting impact, this sitting on such advisory boards, et cetera, it's very important. So there we go. And I stole this from David Worrell. This is him in Ho Chi Minh City in 2004, I believe, milking in Malayan crates of Venom. And you can see Jeremy Farrer is not particularly impressed by that or is rather very impressed but slightly worried. And I think that's Dr. Vinh there. Anyway, so moving westwards to East Africa. And our next speaker in fact is going to be Philip Bijon, who, Professor Philip Bijon is the director of the Camry Welcome Trust program, which is like the other programs, institutionally linked to Oxford. So he's intended a bit more about their work on malaria in the next talk. Just describe where their sites are. Again, we've got this hub and spoke topology, which we have in most of the Oxford tropical units and their networks. You've got three main hubs in Califi on the coast, where there are amazing state-of-the-art laboratories and other facilities adjacent to a provincial hospital. I believe it's a provincial hospital. And I think that the Camry Welcome unit started about two years before the Vietnam unit. So the Vietnam unit started in 91. I think it was about 89 and got going in earnest around about 91. And there's also a hub in Nairobi and where a lot of international work and population health modeling, that sort of thing, health economics, pragmatic clinical research, implementation science. And in Uganda, there's a lot of swim there and kids there. And clinical research happens in Mbali, where there's high transmission and a very good team of clinical researchers to collaborate with. And of course, there's other places as well, not just in Kenya, Uganda. They have collaborating centers in Tanzania and Ethiopia too. These are the research themes for the Camry unit. Vaccinology, genomics and transmission of pathogens, population health, health systems research, research into ethics, and of course, clinical research. They have a demographic surveillance system around Kalefi for the population health side and lots of other parts of the research. Fantastic labs, as I say, with fantastic staff. It's a nice picture of somebody standing on a chair, hopefully safely taking that photo. And the clinical research, these big multi-center studies into fluids, the Fuse study, there's been also a study on blood transfusion, which has been seminal two, and on oxygen, how much oxygen, look at that, look at that way of giving oxygen to these babies. It doesn't do any good above a certain threshold. Nutrition, anti-malarial, still a lot of work on malaria and antibiotics. All three of these units, Kenya, Vietnam and Thailand, work closely together. They collaborate on lots of studies. So a lot of our studies, we do with which we have African sites, we do with Philip and his team as well. So just some highlights for the Camry Wellcome Trust research program. Number one, Philip's going to talk about in the next talk, 115 years of malaria day from Africa. And then in the, I think it's the fourth talk, three o'clock, Adrian Hill, Professor Adrian Hill will talk about the amazing vaccinology work that he's done with the Philip and the team in the Camry Wellcome unit on Ebola, Rift Valley Fever and of course malaria. There's the, I've mentioned the FEE study, critical care, Kathmandu is the main PI on those studies. And number four, the largest cohort of human malaria challenge to determine mechanisms of immunity. This is where healthy volunteers, you give them malaria and you follow them closely and then you treat them. It's a very, it's quite a major undertaking, especially to do in an endemic setting, like on the coast of Kenya, but very, very valuable in terms of the information you can gain. So that's the, at the end of the introduction to the three overseas tropical units. So I couldn't cover more. You may have noticed that the final speaker on our list today is Professor Sassi Moranu. And she has recorded her talk, but sadly she can't be with us today because her father has just passed away just on Tuesday night.  And also helping set up the University of Malawi College of Medicine, first medical school in Malawi. An amazing clinical investigator and an amazing man as well. He also was the co-inventor of the Blantyre Coma Store, and sadly he died on Tuesday night, and we've all been missing very much.


Okay. So thank you very much for joining this session here today, which was put up by Raphael after we had a nice chat and we wanted to do this session here together. It's about open hardware. There are many people who run like open hardware projects or got started with open hardware projects in Debian and around in the community. So we were interested in inviting more people to tell us what's going on with open hardware around Debian and what is everyone doing. We already had some sessions here about electronics and details and so on. So this session is about an open and free hardware. We can still like discuss this definition as well. And yeah, so welcome to the session here, which is like for 45 minutes until quarter past five. And yeah, I hand over to Raphael who is from China and I'm Mario by the way from Germany. And so Raphael, you have some also some introductions here. Hi, I'm Raphael Lee from Shenzhen, China, which is a which is a city for we can find the electric electronic components very easily. So in with that kind of advantages, we've had made a lot of hardware related projects. We are in a community, which is called Shenzhen DIY, which is that which is derived from Shenzhen lag. So we are more Shenzhen lag is a pure software community and we want to make our hardware and we want to have our own place. So we make so we rent another place and set up the Shenzhen DIY community. Here we have some some mechanical devices, including CNC, a small, small desktop CNC machine and laser cutters and three different kinds of 3D printers. So maybe we make, we may make some hardware there. So where is the base in Shenzhen? I know there's the, let me move this microphone so I okay. And I know there is Hua Chengbei. There's there's this space for some troublemakers, quite funny name, but and they are make affairs and so on. Where is base in Shenzhen and how many people do you have already participating in your community? Our community have no more than 30 registered members. But for all the members who who is in the mailing list is around 500. So we are mailing the place we rent is in the central Shenzhen near Shenzhen University. It's quite easy to find. We moved to their last October. Before that we are in leaving a village in city. After that we're leaving a better place. And of course we want to know like about the tools and so on and what what projects are you doing. So maybe we start with the tools. So how much can you already do like with free and open source tools? How far do you get? Like how our customs are people to free tools? For free tools now for for electronics design, EDA tools and programming for embedded and even even software development PC we can do it always free software. For PCB design we use key cat and for embedded software we use ARM9, ABIGCC, ARM9, ABIGDB and other software we develop with GCC or Python or some other free software. So sounds like you're using a lot of different tools for different projects. So now we're very curious what kind of projects do you have already? What kind of projects are you using? So I can show you a little bit on the PC. We have a good lab. It's made a project which is called USB cable cracker. It's which is a device that can measure the quality of the different USB cables. It supports from type A type B mini USB USB 3.0 and micro USB and even USB type 3. So this project is all developed by free software. With that device you can when you have different kinds of USB cables you can measure all of them using this single device. So in our hacker community we have more than 100 different types of USB cables. It's very convenient to have standard instrument to measure all the qualities and cut the bad out. So we made this project. I hope this will benefit everyone who has a lot of USB cables. So we've sold this USB cable cracker for, yeah, we have sold 20 USB cable crackers in different kinds of make fair and offline meetings. It works pretty well. Even another hacker, Bunny Huang, who bought one for me. Bunny Huang is like the original hacker of the Microsoft Xbox. He's based in Singapore and also often in Shenzhen, right? So he bought one from you. So pretty cool. And you also like shot me a keyboard earlier today. So that's another cool project that you're doing. Yes, I built this keyboard for my daily use. Before that I used HHKB for typing but HHKB does not fit all my requirements. So I decided to make my own. Then we have this keyboard. There are a lot of customized functions in this keyboard. If you are interested, I can give you a short description. Yeah, please go ahead. It would be great. Well, this kind of keyboard, all the keys are aligned in rectangular ways.  And your left hand does not need to turn for maybe 30 degrees to fit that keyboard. So another, there are a lot of, there are eight-bit switch on the top of the PCB. So the user can select the different layout of this keyboard. It supports double rack and QWRT now. Maybe someday I will support Comac. It's not easy for, it's not hard for adding another layout into this keyboard. All the things you need to do is modify the firmware. So they are like different colors here. Is they different? Is it shiny or what's the reason for this? Some protectors or what's the reason for it? No, no. These are for just easier for identify the different keyboards, identify the different keys. There are the F key and J key are have some markers on it. So when you can type blindly without looking in the keyboard, other keycaps are modified for the same kind of reason. So the not often used keys are with keycap to tell the difference between different keys. So it's basically all these keycaps are modified for typing blindly. So how much is, how far is this keyboard open, for example, or when you do projects? How open can you do that? So we had like different discussions here at Depthcon as well that for example the chip is not open in many projects. The keyboard doesn't have a chip. But yeah, so how far can you go? Like for example, is anything laser colored or 3D printed or how do you build it like the different components? Well, the PCB is all designed using keycap which is a free software without problem. And the microcontroller on it is STM32. The chip itself is not free, but the two-chain we use is free. I use ARM9 EBI GCC for compiling and ARM9 EBI GTP for debugging. All the project is based on MacFail. And other parts, there are quite a lot of keys which I bought in from, I bought a second-hand keyboard and take the keys apart and then to use then build my own keyboard. Other parts are free, I think. Okay. And so now like when I talk to hardware people from China, like some people say to me, well actually like we know open source, we know free software, but like inside China it often feels as if it is open already. Because like hardware developers from different companies and so on, they exchange information, they have access to different toolkits and so on. So what is your reason for now going a step further and actually focusing on tools that are really free? Because we often hear from hardware developers in China, well for me it's no problem, I can get access to whatever I want. But what is your idea of making something and advancing the free software and free hardware, open hardware community? Well, Shenzhen DIY, we recommend to use different free software. But the freedom, the other side is that allow people to use whatever they want, even it's a priority software. So I think that is another kind of freedom. So I am using, I've replaced all my software development environment into free software. I'm encouraging my colleagues and my friends to do that. I'm recommending different softwares to them. Yeah. But do you have any idea, why are you doing this? Well, two years before I just installed my Linux on my computer and gradually I found it fits all my needs and all the functions I can implement in a very easy way. I can use different kind of scripts to automation to make my daily activities automation. And when I reinstall the system, I do not have to click my mouse here and there to set all my settings. All I want to do is synchronize my home folder into another machine's home folder and all my settings get back. So it saves me a lot of time. And for personal, for my daily use I wrote a lot of scripts to make some actions even faster. And I felt that is very enjoyable. When I found an answer of some problems, that answer won't change for several years. Not like Windows. In Windows, the different versions have so many differences. And when you get the settings here in this version, it won't work in another version. And it cannot stop from upgrading when you are doing something really important. And the computer stopped, started upgrading. You can do nothing with it, right? So this is great to hear. Because I remember in the past, people said, okay, free software doesn't always have the features required by users. It's not working for some people. And it seems like with the free software community, we advance much further than some proprietary applications or settings or operating systems already could. So great news, great to hear the story. And we have the first questions here. Okay, so I'm quite frustrated with the keyboard on the market, especially the laptop ones. And most recent trend makes all the keyboards on laptop suck. So therefore, I want to get a touch on the keyboard. Would you mind me to Okay, cool. Sorry, of course. Let's pass this around. Possibly pass around the audience. Okay, there are some functions you will not get familiar with when you when this USB keyboard is not really working. So there are a lot of function case implemented in a hardware way when you can, you can press the FN key and J for home and other for and another for delete. With this kind of layout, you do not need to move your hand around to assess different keys. So although there is up down page up and page down on my keyboard, but I can make I already make some other hawkies for for that. So so you cannot try this kind of functions to get a feeling of it. Okay, sure. Sure. So yeah, thank you. You find me in the noise lab. You can you can have a please have a look around then like pass the keyboards to others. Maybe others also want to try out and so so a request that I have here, for example, so you're not making the keys yourself yet. And probably production is quite challenging, but would be cool. Like if we get a keyboard that's completely open, like, let's say, schematic 3d, the 3d file, you know, for the keys and so on as well, maybe like it's something you could do in future as well. Yes, sure. I am going to share the reason that I did not put this project on the internet is that I did not write a good manual and good comments for the for the source code. That's the only reason. Yeah, but like now we have a lot of people here who would probably like love to help you and he's already very excited about it. So I hope to see that online soon. And we have the next question here. Just out of curiosity that I have you try other open sourced open hardware keyboard like GX G edge 60s. Yeah, I know that. Yeah, so how I'm curious that if you have you ever compared your your ones to there, like the budget issues or, or people layout costs, those kind of things. Because I remember I get a GX 64 about 100 US dollar. So how much is the cost to make yours? Well, the raw cost of my keyboard is really, really cheap. I got a lot of all the keys I use in my keyboard, that second hand. So it's for other manufacturers, the PCB, I have got five PCB for more for about 20 USB dollars. No, no, American dollars and others for the processor STM32, it costs me around $5. That's, that's most of the bill of materials. Then coach match. And for G edge 60, I remember that it, it is a AVR based controller. So with AVR base, the frequency is lower, the performance is lower. And there is not quite good to chain analytics to program it. Yeah, although there are some AVR dude. Yes, it's maybe I think that it's quite easy to write it from where as well. But you get a point because the frequency is low. So some, some cheater might, might happen if you type too fast. No, no, that won't be the problem. The scan, the human input frequency is much lower than the, than the possessors frequency. This won't be a problem. But for AVR, I've encountered some kind of cheater. I don't know why. Maybe the product production quality is not well as well. Okay. Okay. Thanks. Thanks a lot. So there are other open source free keyboards out there. And I would like to know, are there any other projects like because you said you have 30 people in the, in your space, working on that, could you name a few other projects? What are people working on at the moment to maybe give us a wrap up that would be very interesting. There are some leads on this Shenzhen DIY website. We have a list of projects here. We can, we can kind of, yes, the first round name is Artharnis, which is a press, which is a GNU official project. So the members then joined to the GNU because of this project. And there are some other reasons. So this, this project is started in Shenzhen DIY community. And it is based on web architecture. With simple command, you can set up your own web, web server and web pages. And these, the, the web server is, is aimed for high performance web servers. It, and there, the, the communication in this web server are all asynchronous. So, and a green thread is used. As we're focusing on hardware, are there any specific hardware projects, especially? Hmm. Okay. Yes. Sorry. There are some that is not well documented. Yeah. So documentation, documentation is always like a challenge. And but yeah, okay, so maybe, maybe you can just tell us like that. What are these projects doing? Well, we are, we have a lot of, a lot of members in our community can both design software and hardware. And we may come get some projects. So we have designed a climate station, which use 80266 processor for Wi-Fi SS. And we, with that kind of device, we can get the PM 2.5 and temperature and humidity and all of the data into our web server. This is, and we designed a laser cutter case for, for that PCB. Yeah. And a small screen. Okay. So you're doing many things. And, of course, like in your, in your hex space, how about like, when you have visitors, did you already get like international visitors to your space? Sure, a lot. If I come over, can I work like a week in your space and hang out with you guys? How does it work? There's one day, there are more than 30 visitors from different kind of the, different parts of the world visiting us. Yeah. So, so that's possible. And I just get in touch with you through the website. Yes, sure. There is email. Yeah. There is email there. Okay. Good. So, so this is great to know. And before we go like, to the audience, more in the middle, because I know that many people are doing their project. I would also like to show a project that the Foss Asia community is doing. And so open hardware, I don't know, some of you might have seen it already. So we also like producing open hardware in with a pocket science lab in like, in the community. And there is a main developer is the Patmal. He's in Sri Lanka. Other developers are in India and in Germany and in Singapore. So it's a very like, like, nice team like across Asia. And the idea of the pocket science lab is to have an instrument where you can measure different like electronics. For example, I can measure resistance with a capacitance measurement here. And also you can connect many sensors. So there are hundreds of sensors compatible. And this means you could use this device, for example, for like, let's say biology lessons or even chemistry for somebody could measure the CO2 in the air or you could measure even radioactivity. And it's like completely open hardware, except for the chip or what we mentioned already before. So anyone interested, please check out pslap.io. Sorry, developer focused website still. Yeah, what you can see here and you find a all the repositories there. There is an Android app. There's like different repositories are linked here. And we also have a desktop app where we look for interested package maintainers here in the Debian community who would like to package these different apps for the desktop. So that could be one place where we could collaborate more. And we are also using Keycat for this. If you're interested, please get in touch with us and check out the different applications. I will also hand this around. And I think now we would love to hear more from the audience, right? Raphael, like what are you guys doing? I know for example here our friend from Beijing was like yesterday already looking very interested to the hardware. So we know that there are many hardware developers here. So what projects are you doing here in the community? What's going on in the community? This is a buff, so we hope to get some more information from you guys. And I think the microphone is open. Please feel free to grab it and give us some information. Before we start the topic of what the audience make, I want to share my view of free software and open hardware. So since we are in DevCon, a lot of us are familiar, quite familiar with free software. The free software means you can distribute it freely and modify freely and get the source code and document freely. And we can use it in anywhere you want. But for hardware, the price is not free, itself is not free. And we are under the chip, the implementation of the chip is not free. But we try to make every other part free, including we use free software for hardware development including so the people can modify the design files freely instead of using some property software. So I think that is the main point of open hardware. A lot of companies use some property software for their kind of open hardware. But when the design document is released, we cannot motivate with what we can get. I think that is what I believe in open hardware. Absolutely. It seems like probably everyone would agree here in the room with that. I still personally have a challenge with, like I met Stormin and he said to me, call it free hardware. But I think free hardware, people actually do think it is for free. It is not the same as with software which you can share for free. You don't have to produce it. But I think we will figure this out. The important thing is actually that we do it. That we do share all the sources. I have a feeling that it would be very helpful in international relations if copyright issues could be much simpler. If there is a commitment to open free sharing of the source that could help a lot in the east-west, the China question of fake hardware. I don't have to tell people what that is. This is my hunch. What is your experience? Do you see that Chinese manufacturers or developers see this advantage? Can you get people to understand why it would be easier if the license was open? Can you convince people of the benefit of copy left? Do people understand? People will understand it gradually. We are telling people what free software is and tell them to try free software and free operating systems. But it takes time. I think since we are getting better and better, for our company, we are trying to make all of our development tools two-chain free. Our CTO is highly influenced by free software like 10 years ago. He convinced other colleagues to try free software and using them in development. We are getting better and better. But it takes time. Our company is quite rare in Shenzhen and in China. 10 years ago, even in community, you told people to use free software for development, for compiling. It's not possible. All of them use Windows compilers. Since we are getting better and better now. In my opinion, for free hardware, it is better to, how it is more reproducible by independent party. Currently, I am considering another free hardware, but my concern is the availability of the chip. You know that. The GD chip is only available in Chinese market. I think that I should not select the chip, perhaps. My opinion is that if it is free hardware design, but if it depends on some specific distribution channel, it's not good. That's my opinion. I think it's a very important point. I don't know if everyone knows about your project. Could you maybe also share? I'm from Gunno PG project and I am developing by free hardware design, the token for Gunno PG. It's called FS201. In this conference, I also distribute another free hardware design, a kind of toy of LED matrix. It's free as a beer. We have a booth there, FSIJ free software initiative in Japan. We are distributing a toy of LED matrix. Hardware design is available by KR CAD, tool chain, and firmware is also available as free software. Especially with your project, we had some links with another project, which is the NitroKey of Jansu in Germany. That was really great to see this collaboration and cooperation across projects, where actually in the NitroKey features of your project were implemented in that key. How did that work out? NitroKey just used my design of FS201. They depend on my development of Gunno PG SC demo. They are users of my work. And actually we have a very good relationship between FSIJ and Shenzhen DIY. Yes, we already met three times. Every year I visit. Yes, Nip-san is a very important developer in Gunno PG project. He designed a smart card like hardware to store your private key in. And it cannot be read out through software. So the work like this when you say public key is signed message into the Gunno key. And the Gunno key itself will decrypt the message and send it back to the computer. So the key is stored in the micro controller safely. And as far as I understand also the Linux foundation uses this project as the NitroKey is available by any kernel developer by the way who wants to get such a key can apply with the Linux foundation and get this delivered for free to their address to use it for kernel development. So it's actually like soon or maybe already it's the case that every kernel developer will somehow use your work as well, right? Yes, it will be possible. Okay, so this is really great and also like of course like the companies will follow in and we're getting like this idea of open free hardware out there. So thank you very much. And we have more questions here. Since that you have mentioned the chip is not open source but for nowadays I think that will be much more easier for people that tries to implement their own chips. Just like it's the last year November 29th at the RISC-5, the seventh workshop of the RISC-5 workshop. One of the kind of EDA tool. I don't know what should I code them but they are trying to set up service that includes a cloud based kind of very log or hardware description of the IDE on the cloud and they also have the whole open source tool chain for people try to verify their implementation, those kind of stuff.  And the fee, how much money you should put to make your ASIC is there, they didn't mention it but I think the price will go lower and lower and lower. So maybe I think it's quite optimistic. Absolutely and so I see like you have a lot of comments on these topics so I'm personally very curious what are you working on actually and so what is your work because you have a lot of knowledge in these areas. Actually I'm just a graduate student and my work is not on the semiconductor. But I played around RISC-5 and open RISC back then when I was a year one of the college I bought a very, very shady, very shady IPG board and tried to burn the open RISC and round the index on it. So that's why I have interest in the open hardware. Yeah so this is great so but like you have a lot of knowledge in this area and if we have any questions here we can also come back to you for example like this is what this buff is about, like finding and connecting different people who are working in the area, right? Good thank you very much and another question here from our friend and from Beijing. Hello everyone and I want to address the greatest challenge for so-called open source hardware that is in hardware industry. The concept of free is not as adopted as well as adopted as such a concept in software industry. For example I can take Ubiqui, a famous security device as an example. Ubiqui is open to the community and provide open source software and management tools for us but however no one knows what the chip it is and even if you are willing to create a free Ubiqui, okay, a free Ubiqui and that's what he's doing. However as far as I am concerned that the security element chip is the document of that chip is not open, isn't it? Yes, okay, however I should say in hardware industry we should improve the adoption of the concept of free because nowadays many chips we cannot even find the documentation or the data sheet. That is a really, really bad thing for us designing hardware products. So absolutely and I've heard from many hardware developers that they don't want to sign NDAs for example like often you have to sign NDAs in order to get access to document. Because normally for individual developers we cannot sign NDA with companies. That is impossible. So we cannot get any design resources and we can only select those chips with open documents but those chips maybe those chips cannot meet our requirement. So we also need to talk to companies actually to release their documentation Yes, open document. Okay, open documentation. So that would be the next step that you recommend also what your student at Tsinghua University and so you want to see also more of this in order to actually be able to learn about these technologies here. What is your experience here? So I think RISC-5 is a great opportunity for open hardware. Quite optimistic in that area. That's my opinion. In our company we even made patches for KitKat. Maybe sometimes we we can put them into upstream to add more functions to KitKat. This is our contribution. Well, it will be our contribution to the free software community. Yes, I'm trying to learn more about Linux and trying to pack some packages for Derbian and other distributions. So this hardware actually costs money. I mean you have to produce it. It would be great to see more collaboration in the community to actually exchange also like experiences. How have different people like produced hardware and how did we how did we do it? Did you set up companies or did you set up foundations? How have you worked together with companies maybe in China or elsewhere? So I think this would probably be a topic for a whole new panel. Sharing experiences of real production of generating income. More open and free hardware can be produced. I hope we see more of it in the upcoming months and years. So I would like to thank everyone for their input here. Thank you Raphael. Thank you all the participants here who have given insights into their projects and asked questions and put in ideas. And we have more electronics and hardware topics in the upcoming days at Debian. Please check out the schedule and let's keep this work here up and running and really get to the next level of free and open hardware. Thank you very much for joining.


Nothing hurts the narcissist more than this, nothing causes the more pain and suffering than this one thing, nothing irritates them more and there is nothing more fulfilling than irritating a narcissist because when you do that, it means that you have won, you have defeated them and if you don't defeat them, you're just giving them an opportunity to defeat you Narcissists are all the same, they all play the same game You have to deal with all of them the exact same way, because there's only one thing they understand and that is rejection, they understand when you reject them when you want nothing to do with them, when you go no contact because they know when they've done something wrong, they know why you don't want anything to do with them and they're forced to reflect on that, only when you reject them because as long as you remain around them, they're going to think that how they're treating you is okay they look at it like, if you were really upset with them, why would you still be around them and if you don't seem to be upset with them, that must mean they're not doing anything wrong so you need to show them that how they're treating you is not okay and you do that by rejecting them, which is also retribution it is your opportunity to have justice, because there's nothing that hurts the Narcissist more than rejection when you move on without the Narcissist, you will find that life gets a lot better you become happier and healthier without them, because now you're able to attend to yourself while the Narcissist always gets worse, which is why they will decide to return to you they will try to come back whenever it suits them, especially when they see that you're doing better without them and that is when you need to reject them, because that's what will hurt them the most at that moment, everything they did to you is destroyed all of the work they put in to manipulate and control you has now gone to waste it becomes irrelevant at that point, because they know you're never going to give them another chance they can feel your detachment they can see that you're better off without them, so they may insult you they may try to sabotage what you're trying to build, because there's just no incentive for them to act right when they know that you don't want anything to do with them because now you are making the decision to take a morally superior approach to this situation by working on yourself, becoming a better person and creating a better life for yourself because now you have made it through the struggles, you overcame the trials and tribulations and you just don't want to go through that again, you already know what they're about you've already seen what they're capable of and you just don't want to put yourself in that situation anymore as Albert Einstein has said the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result no matter how many times you return to them and try to make things work nothing is going to change you're not going to get a different result the more you return to them the worse it gets because you're just showing them what you're willing to tolerate what you're willing to forgive when the narcissist does something to you and you return to them it tells them to ramp it up even more it's only when you leave and go no contact that they realise they can't get away with certain things when you reject the narcissist they will feel it it will affect them nothing hurts the narcissist more than this and it's really the only way that you can deal with them because as long as you're around them they will make you overthink they will make you overanalyze everything they will make you anxious they will drive you insane if you let them because they're not on your level they're underdeveloped people so all they can do is bring you down they cannot raise your spirits they cannot benefit you in any way all they can do is destroy so stop trying to build them up stop trying to put them on your level they do not belong there which is why they're constantly trying to pull you down because they already know that they don't belong where you are they don't feel comfortable where you are so all they can do is bring you down they're not going to try to build anything with you they're never going to take you seriously all they're ever going to do is mock you and treat you like a joke all of their actions and words should only reflect back to you that they are trying to bring you down because that's all they can really do they can't pull you up because they don't have the means to do that they would have to be on your level at the very least to be able to benefit you in any way so stop trying to make them into something they're not let them be who they are let them return to the hole where they belong and move on with your life move on to bigger and better things things that you are destined for things that you are capable of not everyone can go with you not everyone has the required qualities to get there but despite what they've said to you you do have everything you need to get there they just wanted to make you doubt yourself because they didn't want to see you going off on your own they wanted you to think that they were the missing piece to your puzzle the one thing that was missing from your life the one thing that was preventing you from being the person that you were meant to be and they especially wanted you to think like that if they chose to leave you but the missing piece was within you all along it's just that the narcissist was always distracting you so that you couldn't see it the narcissist was never what you were missing you never needed them at all they were the one thing that was holding you back the one thing that was preventing you from being the person that you were destined to be thank you for watching I hope this video resonated with you please like, comment, share and subscribe if you would like to donate my PayPal link is in the video description coaching inquiries you can email me our question and ask survivor thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon