5. September 3. I must away. Thank you, Wilhelm, for determining my wavering purpose. For a whole fortnight I have thought of leaving her. I must away. She has returned to town, and is at the house of a friend. And then, Albert, yes, I must go. 6. September 10. Oh, what a night, Wilhelm! I can henceforth bear anything. I shall never see her again. Oh, why cannot I fall on your neck, and with floods of tears and raptures give utterance to all the passions which distract my heart. Here I sit gasping for breath, and struggling to compose myself. I wait for day, and at sunrise the horses are to be at the door. And she is sleeping calmly, little suspecting that she has seen me for the last time. I am free. I have had the courage, in an interview of two hours duration, not to betray my intention.  Albert had promised to come to Charlotte in the garden immediately after supper. I was upon the terrace under the tall chestnut trees, and watched the setting sun. I saw him sink for the last time beneath this delightful valley and silent stream. I had often visited the same spot with Charlotte, and witnessed that glorious sight. And now I was walking up and down the very avenue which was so dear to me. A secret sympathy had frequently drawn me thither before I knew Charlotte, and we were delighted when, in our early acquaintance, we discovered that we each loved the same spot, which is indeed as romantic as any that ever captivated the fancy of an artist. From beneath the chestnut trees there is an extensive view. But I remember that I have mentioned all this in a former letter, and have described the tall mass of beach trees at the end, and how the avenue grows darker and darker as it winds its way among them, till it ends in a gloomy recess, which has all the charm of a mysterious solitude. I still remember the strange feeling of melancholy which came over me the first time I entered that dark retreat, at bright midday. I felt some secret foreboding that it would, one day, be to me the scene of some happiness or misery. I had spent half an hour struggling between the contending thoughts of going and returning when I heard them coming up the terrace. I ran to meet them. I trembled as I took her hand and kissed it. As we reached the top of the terrace, the moon rose from behind the wooded hill. We conversed on many subjects, and without perceiving it approached the gloomy recess. Charlotte entered and sat down. Albert seated himself beside her. I did the same, but my agitation did not suffer me to remain long-seated. I got up and stood before her, then walked backward and forward, and sat down again. I was restless and miserable. Charlotte drew our attention to the beautiful effect of the moonlight, which threw a silver hue over the terrace in front of us, beyond the beech trees. It was a glorious sight, and was rendered more striking by the darkness which surrounded the spot where we were. We remained for some time silent when Charlotte observed, whenever I walk by moonlight, it brings to my remembrance all my beloved and departed friends, and I am filled with thoughts of death and futurity. We shall live again, Virta. She continued with a firm but feeling voice. But shall we know one another again? What do you think? What do you say? Charlotte, I said, as I took her hand in mine and my eyes filled with tears. We shall see each other again, here and hereafter we shall meet again. I could say no more. Why, Wilhelm, should she put this question to me, just at the moment when the fear of our cruel separation filled my heart? And oh, do those departed ones know how we are employed here? Do they know when we are well and happy? Do they know when we recall their memories with the fondest love? In the silent hour of evening the shade of my mother hovers around me when seated in the midst of my children. I see them assembled near me as they used to assemble near her, and then I raise my anxious eyes to heaven and wish she could look down upon us and witness how I fulfill the promise I made to her in her last moments, to be a mother to her children. With what emotion do I then exclaim, pardon, dearest of mothers, pardon me if I do not adequately supply your place? Alas, I do my utmost. They are clothed and fed, and still better they are loved and educated. Could you but see, sweet saint, the peace and harmony that dwells amongst us, you would glorify God with the warmest feelings of gratitude to whom in your last hour you address such fervent prayers for our happiness? Thus did she express herself. But, oh, Wilhelm, who can do justice to her language? How can cold and passionless words convey the heavenly expressions of the spirit? Albert interrupted her gently. This affects you too deeply, my dear Charlotte. I know your soul dwells on such recollections with intense delight, but I implore. Oh, Albert, she continued, I am sure you do not forget the evenings when we three used to sit at the little round table when Papa was absent and the little ones had retired. You often had a good book with you but seldom read it. The conversation of that noble being was preferable to everything, that beautiful, bright, gentle, and yet ever toiling woman. God alone knows how I have supplicated with tears on my nightly couch that I might be like her. I threw myself at her feet and, seizing her hand, bedewed it with a thousand tears.  Oh, that you had known her, she said, with a warm pressure of the hand. She was worthy of being known to you. I thought I should have fainted, never had I received praise so flattering.  Her illness was but short, but she was calm and resigned, and it was only for her children, especially the youngest, that she felt unhappy. When her end drew nigh she bade me bring them to her. I obeyed. The younger ones knew nothing of their approaching loss, while the older ones were quite overcome with grief. They stood around the bed, and she raised her feeble hands to heaven and prayed over them.  I gave her my hand.  I have often witnessed by your tears of gratitude that you know what is a mother's tenderness. Show it to your brothers and sisters, and be dutiful and faithful to your father as a wife. You will be his comfort. She inquired for him. He had retired to conceal his intolerable anguish. He was heartbroken. Albert, you were in the room. She heard someone moving. She inquired who it was, and desired you to approach. She surveyed us both with a look of composure and satisfaction, expressive of her conviction that we should be happy, happy with one another. Albert fell upon her neck and kissed her and exclaimed, We are so, and we shall be so. Even Albert, generally so tranquil, had lost his composure, and I was excited beyond expression. And such a being, she continued, was to leave us, Ferta. Great God, must we thus part with everything we hold dear in this world? Nobody felt this more acutely than the children. They cried and lamented for a long time afterward, complaining that men had carried away their dear mama. Charlotte rose. It aroused me, but I continued sitting and held her hand. Let us go, she said. It grows late. She attempted to withdraw her hand. I held it still. We shall see each other again, I exclaimed. We shall recognize each other under every possible change. I am going, I continued, going willingly. But should I say for ever, perhaps I may not keep my word. A due, Charlotte. A due, Albert. We shall meet again. Yes, to-morrow, I think, she answered with a smile. To-morrow. How I felt the word. Ah, she little thought when she drew her hand away from mine. They walked down the avenue. I stood gazing after them in the moonlight. I threw myself upon the ground and wept. I then sprang up and ran out upon the terrace and saw, under the shade of the linden trees, her white dress disappearing near the garden gate. I stretched out my arms and she vanished. Section 6 of the Sorrows of Young Verta. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Barry Eads. The Sorrows of Young Verta. By Johann Wolfgang Van Goethe. Section 6. Book 2. October 20. We arrived here yesterday. The ambassador is indisposed and will not go out for some days. If he was less peevish and morose, all would be well. I see but too plainly that heaven has destined me to severe trials. But courage, a light heart, may bear anything. A light heart. I smile to find such a word proceeding from my pen. A little more light heartedness would render me the happiest being under the sun. But must I despair of my talents and faculties whilst others of far inferior abilities parade before me with the utmost self-satisfaction? Gracious Providence, to whom I owe all my powers, why dits thou not withhold some of those blessings I possess and substitute in their place a feeling of self-confidence and contentment? But patience, all will yet be well. For I assure you, my dear friend, you were right. Since I have been obliged to associate continually with other people and observe what they do and how they employ themselves, I have become far better satisfied with myself. For we are so constituted by nature that we are ever prone to compare ourselves with others, and our happiness or misery depends very much on the objects and persons around us. On this account nothing is more dangerous than solitude. There, our imagination always disposed to rise, taking a new flight on the wings of fancy, pictures to us a chain of beings of whom we seem the most inferior. All things appear greater than they really are, and all seem superior to us. This operation of the mind is quite natural, and we continually feel our own imperfections, and fancy we perceive in others the qualities we do not possess, attributing to them also all that we enjoy ourselves, that by this process we form the idea of a perfect happy man, a man, however, who only exists in our own imagination. But when, in spite of weakness and disappointments, we set to work in earnest and persevere steadily, we often find that though obliged continually to tack, we make more way than others who have the assistance of wind and tide, and in truth there can be no greater satisfaction than to keep pace with others or outstrip them in the race. November 26. I begin to find my situation here more tolerable, considering all circumstances. I find a great advantage in being much occupied, and the number of persons I meet, and their different pursuits, create a varied entertainment for me. I have formed the acquaintance of the Count C., and I esteem him more and more every day. He is a man of strong understanding and great discernment. But though he sees farther than other people, he is not on that account cold in his manner, but capable of inspiring and returning the warmest affection. He appeared interested in me on one occasion when I had to transact some business with him. He perceived, at the first word, that we understood each other, and that he could converse with me in a different tone from what he used with others. I cannot sufficiently esteem his frank and open kindness to me. It is the greatest and most genuine of pleasures to observe a great mind in sympathy with our own. December 24. As I anticipated, the ambassador occasions me infinite annoyance. He is the most punctilious blockhead under heaven.  I like to do business regularly and cheerfully, and when it is finished, to leave it. But he constantly returns my papers to me, saying, they will do, but recommending me to look over them again as, one may always improve by using a better word or a more appropriate particle. I then lose all patience and wish myself at the devils. Not a conjunction, not an adverb, must be omitted. He has a deadly antithopy to all those transpositions of which I am so fond. And if the music of our periods is not tuned to the established official key, he cannot comprehend our meaning. It is deplorable to be connected with such a fellow. My acquaintance with the Count C is the only compensation for such an evil. He told me frankly the other day that he was much displeased with the difficulties and delays of the ambassador, that people like him are obstacles both to themselves and to others. But he added, one must submit, like a traveler who has to ascend a mountain. If the mountain was not there, the road would be both shorter and pleasanter, but there it is, and he must get over it. The old man perceives the Count's partiality for me. This annoys him, and he seizes every opportunity to depreciate the Count in my hearing. I naturally defend him, and that only makes matters worse. Yesterday he made me indignant, for he also alluded to me. The Count, he said, is a man of the world, and a good man of business. His style is good, and he writes with facility. But, like other geniuses, he has no solid learning. He looked at me with an expression that seemed to ask if I felt the blow. But it did not produce the desired effect. I despise a man who can think and act in such a manner. However, I made a stand and answered with not a little warmth. The Count, I said, was a man entitled to respect, alike for his character and his acquirements. I had never met a person whose mind was stored with more useful and extensive knowledge, who had, in fact, mastered such an infinite variety of subjects, and who yet retained all his activity for the details of ordinary business. This was altogether beyond his comprehension, and I took my leave. Least my anger should be too highly excited by some new absurdity of his. And you are to blame for all this. You who persuaded me to bend my neck to this yoke by preaching a life of activity to me. If the man who plants vegetables and carries his corn to town on market days is not more usefully employed than I am, then let me work ten years longer at the galleys to which I am now chained. Oh, the brilliant wretchedness, the weariness that one is doomed to witness among the silly people whom we meet in society here. The ambition of rank, how they watch, how they toil to gain precedence. What poor and contemptible passions are displayed in their utter nakedness. We have a woman here, for example, who never ceases to entertain the company with accounts of her family and her estates.  But she is in reality even more ridiculous, the daughter of a mere magistrate's clerk from this neighborhood. I cannot understand how human beings can so debase themselves. Every day I observe more and more the folly of judging of others by ourselves. And I have so much trouble with myself, and my own heart is in such constant agitation, that I am well content to let others pursue their own course if they only allow me the same privilege. What provokes me most is the unhappy extent to which distinctions of rank are carried. I know perfectly well how necessary are inequalities of condition, and I am sensible of the advantages I myself derive therefrom. But I would not have these institutions prove a barrier to the small chance of happiness which I may enjoy on this earth. I have lately become acquainted with a Miss B., a very agreeable girl who has retained her natural manners in the midst of artificial life. Our first conversation pleased us both equally, and at taking leave I requested permission to visit her. She consented in so obliging a manner that I waited with impatience for the arrival of the happy moment. She is not a native of this place but resides here with her aunt. The countenance of the old lady is not pre-possessing. I paid her much attention, addressing the greater part of my conversation to her, and in less than half an hour I discovered what her niece subsequently acknowledged to me.  No protection save in her noble birth, but no enjoyment but in looking from her castle over the heads of the humble citizens. She was no doubt handsome in her youth, and in her early years probably trifled away her time in rendering many a poor youth the sport of her caprice. In her ripe years she has submitted to the yoke of a veteran officer, who in return for her person and her small independence has spent with her what we might designate her age of brass. He is dead, and she is now a widow and deserted. She spends her iron age alone, and would not be approached except for the loveliness of her niece. January 8, 1772. What Beans Are Men? Whose whole thoughts are occupied with form and ceremony, who for years together devote their mental and physical exertions to the task of advancing themselves but one step, and endeavoring to occupy a higher place at the table. Not that such persons would otherwise want employment. On the contrary, they give themselves much trouble by neglecting important business for such petty trifles. Last week a question of precedence arose at a sledging party, and all our amusement was spoiled. The silly creatures cannot see that it is not place which constitutes real greatness, since the man who occupies the first place but seldom plays the principal part. How many kings are governed by their ministers? How many ministers by their secretaries? Who in such cases is really the chief? He, as it seems to me, who can see through the others, and possesses strength or skill enough to make their power or passions subservient to the execution of his own designs. January 20. I must write to you from this place, my dear Charlotte, from a small room in a country inn where I have taken shelter from a severe storm. During my whole residence in that wretched place D, where I lived amongst strangers, strangers indeed to this heart, I never at any time felt the smallest inclination to correspond with you. But in this cottage, in this retirement, in this solitude, with the snow and hail beating against my lattice pain, you are my first thought. The instant I entered, your figure rose up before me, and the remembrance, oh my Charlotte, the sacred tender remembrance, gracious heaven, restore to me the happy moment of our first acquaintance. Could you but see me, my dear Charlotte, in the whirl of dissipation? How my senses are dried up, but my heart is at no time full. I enjoy no single moment of happiness. All is vain. Nothing touches me. I stand as it were before the rary show. I see the little puppets move, and I ask whether it is not an optical illusion. I am amused with these puppets, or rather I am myself one of them. But when I sometimes grasp my neighbor's hand, I feel that it is not natural, and I withdraw mine with a shutter. In the evening I say I will enjoy the next morning's sunrise, and yet I remain in bed. In the day I promise to ramble my moonlight, and I, nevertheless, remain at home. I know not why I rise, nor why I go to sleep. The leaven which animated my existence is gone. The charm which cheered me in the gloom of night, and aroused me from my morning slumbers, is forever fled. I have found but one being here to interest me, a Miss B.  Ah, you will say, he has learned how to pay fine compliments. And this is partly true. I have been very agreeable lately, as it was not in my power to be otherwise. I have moreover a deal of wit. And the ladies say that no one understands flattery better, or falsehoods you would add, since the one accomplishment invariably accompanies the other. But I must tell you of Miss B. She has abundance of soul, which flashes from her deep blue eyes. Her rank is a torment to her, and satisfies no one desire of her heart. She would gladly retire from this world of fashion, and we often picture to ourselves a life of undisturbed happiness in distant scenes of rural retirement.  But her homage is not exacted, but voluntary. She loves you, and alights to hear you made the subject of conversation.  If they became troublesome to you, I would tell them some appalling goblin story, and they would crowd round me with silent attention. The sun is setting in glory, his last rays are shining on the snow, which covers the face of the country. The storm is over, and I must return to my dungeon. Adieu. Is Albert with you? And what is he to you? God, forgive the question. February 8. For a week past we have had the most wretched weather, but this to me is a blessing. For, during my residence here, not a single fine day has been from the heavens, but has been lost to me by the intrusion of somebody. During the severity of rain, sleet, frost, and storm, I congratulate myself that it cannot be worse indoors than abroad, nor worse abroad than it is within doors. So I become reconciled. When the sun rises bright in the morning and promises a glorious day, I never omit to exclaim, there, now they have another blessing from heaven, which they will be sure to destroy. They spoil everything, health, fame, happiness, amusement, and they do this generally through folly, ignorance, or imbecility, and always according to their own account with the best intentions. I often beseech them on my bended knees to be less resolved upon their own destruction. February 17. I fear that my ambassador and I shall not continue much longer together. He is really growing past endurance. He transacts his business in so ridiculous a manner that I am often compelled to contradict him and do things my own way, and then, of course, he thinks them very ill-done. He complained of me lately on this account at court, and the minister gave me a reprimand, a gentle one it is true, but still a reprimand. In consequence of this I was about to tender my resignation when I received a letter to which I submitted with great respect on account of the high, noble, and generous spirit which dictated it. He endeavored to soothe my excessive sensibility, paid a tribute to my extreme ideas of duty, of good example, and of perseverance in business, as the fruit of my youthful ardor, an impulse which he did not seek to destroy, but only to moderate, that it might have proper play and be productive of good. So now I am at rest for another week, and no longer at variance with myself. Content and peace of mind are valuable things. I could wish, my dear friend, that these precious jewels were less transitory. February 20. God bless you, my dear friends, and may he grant you that happiness which he denies to me. I thank you, Albert, for having deceived me. I waited for the news that your wedding day was fixed, and I intended, on that day, with solemnity to take down Charlotte's profile from the wall, and to bury it with some other papers I possess. You are now united, and her picture still remains here. Well, let it remain. Why should it not? I know that I am still one of your society, that I still occupy a place uninjured in Charlotte's heart, that I hold the second place therein, and I intend to keep it. Oh, I should become mad if she could forget. Albert, that thought is hell. Farewell, Albert Farewell, Angel of Heaven Farewell, Charlotte. March 15. I have just had a sad adventure which will drive me away from here. I lose all patience, death. It is not to be remedied, and you alone are to blame. For you urged and impelled me to fill a post for which I was by no means suited. I have now reason to be satisfied, and so have you. But that you may not again attribute this fatality to my impetuous temper. I send you, my dear sir, a plain and simple narration of the affair, as a mere chronicler of facts would describe it. The count of O likes and distinguishes me. It is well known, and I have mentioned this to you a hundred times. Yesterday I dined with him. It is the day on which the nobility are accustomed to assemble at his house in the evening. I never once thought of the assembly, nor that we subalterns did not belong to such society. Well, I dined with the count, and after dinner we adjoined to the large hall. We walked up and down together, and I conversed with him and with Colonel B. who joined us, and in this manner the hour for the assembly approached. God knows I was thinking of nothing when who should enter but the honorable lady accompanied by her noble husband and their silly scheming daughter, with her small waist and flat neck, and with disdainful looks and a haughty air they passed me by. As I heartily detest the whole race, I determined upon going away, and only waited till the count had disengaged himself from their impertinent prattle to take leave, when the agreeable Miss B came in. As I never meet her without experiencing a heartfelt pleasure, I stayed and talked to her, leaning over the back of her chair, and did not perceive till after some time that she seemed a little confused and ceased to answer me with her usual ease of manner. I was struck with it. Heavens, I said to myself, can she too be like the rest? I felt annoyed and was about to withdraw, but I remained, but I was standing, forming excuses for her conduct, fancying she did not mean it, and still hoping to receive some friendly recognition. The rest of the company now arrived. There was the Baron F. in an entire suit that dated from the coronation of Francis I. The Chancellor N., with his deaf wife, the shabbily dressed eye, whose old-fashioned coat bore evidence of modern repairs. This crowned the whole. I conversed with some of my acquaintances, but they addressed me leconically. I was engaged in observing Miss B, and did not notice that the women were whispering at the end of the room, that the murmur extended by degrees to the men, that Madame S. addressed the count with much warmth. This was all related to me subsequently by Miss B, till at length the count came up to me and took me to the window.  I perceive the company is rather displeased at your being here. I would not on any account. I beg your excellencies pardon, I exclaimed. I ought to have thought of this before, but I know you will forgive this little inattention. I was going, I added, some time ago, but my evil genius detained me. And I smiled and bowed to take my leave. He shook me by the hand in a manner which expressed everything. I hastened at once from the illustrious assembly, sprang into a carriage, and drove to M. I contemplated the setting sun from the top of the hill, and read that beautiful passage in Homer, where Ulysses is entertained by the hospitable herdsmen. This was indeed delightful. I returned home to supper in the evening, but few persons were assembled in the room. They had turned up a corner of the tablecloth and were playing at dice. The good-natured A came in. He laid down his hat when he saw me, approached me, and said in a low tone, You have met with a disagreeable adventure. I, I exclaimed. The count obliged you to withdraw from the assembly. Deuce take the assembly, said I. I was very glad to be gone. I am delighted, he added, that you take it so lightly. I am only sorry that it is already so much spoken of. The circumstance then began to pain me. I fancied that every one who sat down and even looked at me was thinking of this incident and my heart became embittered. And now I could plunge a dagger into my bosom, when I hear myself everywhere pitied, and observe the triumph of my enemies, who say that this is always the case with vain persons whose heads are turned with conceit, who affect to despise forms and such petty idle nonsense. Say what you will afforditude, but show me the man who can patiently endure the laughter of fools when they have obtained an advantage over him, to his only when their nonsense is without foundation, that one can suffer it without complaint. March 16. Everything conspires against me. I met Miss B. walking today. I could not help joining her, and when we were at a little distance from her companions, I expressed my sense of her altered manner toward me. O verta! she said in a tone of emotion. You who know my heart, how could you so ill interpret my distress? What did I not suffer for you, from the moment you entered the room? I foresaw it all a hundred times was I on the point of mentioning it to you. I knew that the S's and the T's with their husbands would quit the room rather than remain in your company. I knew that the count would not break with them, and now so much is said about it. How! I exclaimed, and endeavored to conceal my emotion, for all that Adolin had mentioned to me yesterday recurred to me painfully at that moment.  I could scarcely contain myself and was ready to throw myself at her feet. Explain yourself, I cried. Tears flowed down her cheeks. I became quite frantic. She wiped them away without attempting to conceal them. You know my aunt, she continued. She was present. And in what light does she consider the affair? Last night and this morning, Verta, I was compelled to listen to a lecture upon my acquaintance with you. I have been obliged to hear you condemned and depreciated. And I could not, I dared not, say much in your defence. Every word she uttered was a dagger to my heart. She did not feel what a mercy it would have been to conceal everything from me. She told me, in addition, all the impertinence that would be further circulated, and how the malicious would triumph, how they would rejoice over the punishment of my pride, over my humiliation for that want of esteem for others with which I had often been reproached. To hear all this, Wilhelm, uttered by her in a voice of the most sincere sympathy, awakened all my passions, and I am still in a state of extreme excitement. I wish I could find a man to cheer me about this event. I would sacrifice him to my resentment. The sight of his blood might possibly be a relief to my fury. A hundred times have I seized a dagger to give ease to this oppressed heart. Naturalists tell of a noble race of horses that instinctively open a vein with their teeth, when heated and exhausted by a long course in order to breathe more freely. I am often tempted to open a vein to procure for myself everlasting liberty. March 24. I have tendered my resignation to the count. I hope it will be accepted, and you will forgive me for not having previously consulted you. It is necessary I should leave this place. I know all you will urge me to stay, and therefore I beg you will soften this news to my mother. I am unable to do anything for myself. How then should I be competent to assist others? It will afflict her that I should have interrupted that career, which would have made me first a privy counselor and then minister, and that I should look behind me in place of advancing. Argue, as you will, combine all the reasons which should have induced me to remain. I am going. That is sufficient. But that you may not be ignorant of my destination, I may mention that the Prince of Blank is here. He is much pleased with my company, and having heard of my intention to resign, he has invited me to his country house to pass the spring months with him. I shall be left completely my own master, and as we agree on all subjects but one, I shall try my fortune and accompany him. April 19. Thanks for both your letters. I delayed my reply and withheld this letter till I should obtain an answer from the court. I feared my mother might apply to the minister to defeat my purpose. But my request is granted, my resignation is accepted. I shall not recount with what reluctance it was accorded, nor relate what the minister has written. You would only renew your lamentations. The crown prince has sent me a present of five and twenty dukots, and indeed such goodness has affected me to tears. For this reason I shall not require from my mother the money for which I lately applied. May 5. I leave this place to-morrow, and as my native place is only six miles from the High Road, I intend to visit it once more, and recall the happy dreams of my childhood. I shall enter at the same gate through which I came with my mother, when, after my father's death, she left that delightful retreat to emure herself in your melancholy town. Adieu, my dear friend. You shall hear of my future career. May 9. I have paid my visit to my native place with all the devotion of a pilgrim, and have experienced many unexpected emotions. Near the Great Elm Tree, which is a quarter of a league from the village, I got out of the carriage and sent it on before, that alone and on foot I might enjoy vividly and heartily all the pleasure of my recollections. I stood there under that same Elm which was formerly the term and object of my walks. How things have since changed! Then, in happy ignorance, I sighed for a world I did not know, where I hoped to find every pleasure and enjoyment which my heart could desire, and now, on my return from that wide world, O my friend, how many disappointed hopes and unsuccessful plans have I brought back? As I contemplated the mountains which lay stretched out before me, I thought how often they had been the object of my dearest desires. Here used I to sit for hours together with my eyes bent upon them, ardently longing to wander in the shade of those woods, to lose myself in those valleys which form so delightful an object in the distance. With what reluctance did I leave this charming spot, when my hour of recreation was over and my leave of absence expired? I drew near to the village, all the well-known old summer houses and gardens were recognized then. I disliked the new ones, and all other alterations which had taken place. I entered the village, and all my former feelings returned. I cannot, my dear friend, enter into details, charming as were my sensations, they would be dull in the narration. I had intended to lodge in the marketplace near our old house. As soon as I entered, I perceived that the schoolroom, where our childhood had been taught by that good old woman, was converted into a shop. I called to mind the sorrow, the heaviness, the tears, and oppression of heart which I experienced in that confinement. Every step produced some particular impression. A pilgrim in the Holy Land does not meet so many spots pregnant with tender recollections, and his soul is hardly moved with greater devotion. One incident will serve for illustration. I followed the course of a stream to a farm, formerly a delightful walk of mine, and paused at the spot where, when boys, we used to amuse ourselves making ducks and drakes upon the water. I recollected so well how I used formerly to watch the course of that same stream, following it with inquiring eagerness, forming romantic ideas of the countries it was to pass through. But my imagination was soon exhausted. While the water continued flowing farther and farther on, till my fancy became bewildered by the contemplation of an invisible distance. Exactly such, my dear friend, so happy and so confined were the thoughts of our good ancestors. Their feelings and their poetry were fresh as childhood. And, when Ulysses talks of the immeasurable sea and boundless earth, his epithets are true, natural, deeply felt, and mysterious. Of what importance is it that I have learned, with every schoolboy that the world is round? Man needs but little earth for enjoyment, and still less for his final repose. I am at present with the prince at his hunting lodge. He is a man with whom one can live happily. He is honest and unaffected. There are, however, some strange characters about him whom I cannot at all understand. They do not seem vicious, and yet they do not carry the appearance of thoroughly honest men. Sometimes I am disposed to believe them honest, and yet I cannot persuade myself to confide in them. It grieves me to hear the prince occasionally talk of things which he has only read or heard of, and always with the same view in which they have been represented by others. He values my understanding and talents more highly than my heart, but I am proud of the latter only. It is the sole source of everything of our strength, happiness, and misery. All the knowledge I possess everyone else can acquire, but my heart is exclusively my own. I have had a plan in my head of which I did not intend to speak to you until it was accomplished. Now that it has failed, I may as well mention it. I wished to enter the army, and had long been desirous of taking the step. This indeed was the chief reason for my coming here with the prince, as he is a general in the service. I communicated my design to him during one of our walks together. He disapproved of it, and it would have been actual madness not to have listened to his reasons. June 11. Say what you will. I can remain here no longer. Why should I remain? Time hangs heavy upon my hands. The prince is as gracious to me as anyone could be, and yet I am not at my ease. There is indeed nothing in common between us. He is a man of understanding, but quite of the ordinary kind. His conversation affords me no more amusement than I should derive from the perusal of a well written book. I shall remain here a week longer, and then start again on my travels. My drawings are the best things I have done since I came here. The prince has a taste for the arts, and would improve if his mind were not fettered by cold rules and mere technical ideas. I often lose patience when, with a glowing imagination, I am given expression to art and nature. He interferes with learned suggestions, and uses at random the technical phraseology of artists. July 16. Once more I am a wanderer, a pilgrim through the world. But what else are you? July 18. Wither am I going? I will tell you in confidence. I am obliged to continue a fortnight longer here, and then I think it would be better for me to visit the mines in blank. But I am only deluding myself, thus. The fact is, I wish to be near Charlotte again. That is all. I smile at the suggestions of my heart, and obey its dictates. July 29. No, no. It is yet well, all is well. I, her husband. O God, who gave me being! If thou hadst destined this happiness for me, my whole life would have been one continual thanksgiving. But I will not murmur. Forgive these tears. Forgive these fruitless wishes. She, my wife. Oh, the very thought of folding that dearest of heaven's creatures in my arms. Dear Wilhelm, my whole frame feels convulsed when I see Albert put his arms around her slender waist. And shall I avow it? Why should I not, Wilhelm? She would have been happier with me than with him. Albert is not the man to satisfy the wishes of such a heart. He wants a certain sensibility. He wants, in short, their hearts do not beat in unison. How often, my dear friend, I am reading a passage from some interesting book, when my heart and Charlotte seem to meet, and in a hundred other instances when our sentiments were unfolded by the story of some fictitious character, have I felt that we were made for each other? My dear Wilhelm, he loves her with his whole soul, and what does not such a love deserve? I have been interrupted by an insufferable visit. I have dried my tears and composed my thoughts. Adieu, my best friend! I am not alone unfortunate. All men are disappointed in their hopes and deceived in their expectations. I have paid a visit to my good old woman under the lime trees. The eldest boy ran out to meet me. His exclamation of joy brought out his mother, but she had a very melancholy look. Her first word was, Alas, dear sir, my little John is dead. He was the youngest of her children. I was silent. And my husband has returned from Switzerland without any money. And if some kind people had not assisted him, he must have begged his way home. He was taken ill with fever on his journey. I could answer nothing but made the little one a present. She invited me to take some fruit. I complied and left the place with a sorrowful heart. August 21. My sensations are constantly changing. Sometimes a happy prospect opens before me, but alas, it is only for a moment. And then, when I am lost in reverie, I cannot help saying to myself, if Albert were to die, yes, she would become, and I should be. And so I pursue a chimera till it leads me to the edge of a precipice at which I shudder. When I pass through the same gate and walk along the same road which first conducted me to Charlotte, my heart sinks within me at the change that has since taken place. All, all is altered. No sentiment, no pulsation of my heart is the same. My sensations are such as would occur to some departed prince whose spirit should return to visit the superb palace which he had built in happy times, adorned with costly magnificence, and left to a beloved son, but whose glory he should find departed and its halls deserted and in ruins. September 3. I sometimes cannot understand how she can love another, how she dares love another, when I love nothing in this world so completely, so devotedly, as I love her, when I know only her and have no other possession. September 4. It is even so. As nature puts on her autumn tints, it becomes autumn with me and around me. My leaves are sear and yellow, and the neighboring trees are divested of their foliage. Do you remember my writing to you about a peasant boy shortly after my arrival here? I have just made inquiries about him in Wallheim. They say he has been dismissed from his service and is now avoided by everyone. I met him yesterday on the road, going to a neighboring village. I spoke to him and he told me his story. It interested me exceedingly, as you will easily understand when I repeat it to you. But why should I trouble you? Why should I not reserve all my sorrow for myself? Why should I continue to give you occasion to pity and blame me? But no matter. This also is part of my destiny. At first the peasant lad answered my inquiries with a sort of subdued melancholy, which seemed to me the mark of a timid disposition. But as we grew to understand each other he spoke with less reserve and openly confessed his faults and lamented his misfortune. I wish, my dear friend, I could give proper expression to his language. He told me with a sort of pleasurable recollection that after my departure his passion for his mistress increased daily, until at last he neither knew what he did nor what he said nor what was to become of him. He could neither eat nor drink nor sleep. He felt a sense of suffocation. He disobeyed all orders and forgot all commands involuntarily. He seemed as if pursued by an evil spirit. Till one day, knowing that his mistress had gone to an upper chamber, he had followed or rather been drawn after her.  He knows not what happened, but he called God to witness that his intentions to her were honourable and that he desired nothing more sincerely than that they should marry and pass their lives together. When he had come to this point he began to hesitate. As if there was something which he could not courage to utter, till at length he acknowledged with some confusion certain little confidences she had encouraged and liberties she had allowed. He broke off two or three times in his narration and assured me most earnestly that he had no wish to make her bad as he termed it, for he loved her still as sincerely as ever, that the tale had never before escaped his lips, and was only now told to convince me that he was not utterly lost and abandoned. And here, my dear friend, I must commence the old song which you know I utter eternally. If I could only represent the man as he stood and stands now before me, could I only give his true expressions, you would feel compelled to sympathise in his fate. But enough, you who know my misfortune and my disposition can easily comprehend the attraction which draws me toward every unfortunate being, but particularly toward him whose story I have recounted. On perusing this letter a second time I find I have omitted the conclusion of my tale, but it is easily supplied. She became reserved toward him at the instigation of her brother who had long hated him and desired his expulsion from the house, fearing that his sister's second marriage might deprive his children of the handsome fortune they expected from her as she is childless. He was dismissed at length, and the whole affair occasioned so much scandal that the mistress dared not take him back even if she had wished it. She has since hired another servant, with whom they say her brother is equally displeased, and whom she is likely to marry, but my informant assures me that he himself is determined not to survive such a catastrophe. This story is neither exaggerated nor embellished. Indeed I have weakened and impaired it in the narration, by the necessity of using the more refined expressions of society. This love, then, this constancy, this passion, is no poetical fiction. It is actual and dwells in its greatest purity amongst that class of mankind whom we term rude uneducated. We are the educated, not the perverted, but read this story with attention I implore you. I am tranquil to-day, for I have been employed upon this narration. You see by my writing that I am not so agitated as usual. I read and re-read this tale, Wilhelm. It is the history of your friend. My fortune has been and will be similar, and I am neither half so brave nor half so determined as the poor wretch with whom I hesitate to compare myself. September 5 Charlotte had written a letter to her husband in the country where he was detained by business. It commenced, my dearest love, return as soon as possible. I await you with a thousand raptures. A friend who arrived brought word that for certain reasons he could not return immediately. Charlotte's letter was not forwarded, and the same evening it fell into my hands. I read it and smiled. She asked the reason. What a heavenly treasure is imagination, I exclaimed. I fancied for a moment that this was written to me. She paused and seemed displeased. I was silent. September 6 It cost me much to part with the blue coat which I wore the first time I danced with Charlotte, but I could not possibly wear it any longer. But I have ordered a new one, precisely similar, even to the collar and sleeves, as well as a new waistcoat and pantalons. But it does not produce the same effect upon me. I know not how it is, but I hope in time I shall like it better. September 12 She has been absent for some days. She went to meet Albert. Today I visited her. She rose to receive me, and I kissed her hand most tenderly. A canary at the moment flew from a mirror and settled upon her shoulder. Here is a new friend, she observed, while she made him perch upon her hand. He is a present for the children.  Look at him! When I feed him he flutters with his wings and pecks so nicely. He kisses me too, only look! She held the bird to her mouth, and he pressed her sweet lips with so much fervor that he seemed to feel the excess of bliss which he enjoyed. He shall kiss you too, she added, and then she held the bird toward me. His little beak moved from her mouth to mine, and the delightful sensation seemed like the forerunner of the sweetest bliss. A kiss I observed does not seem to satisfy him. He wishes for food, and seems disappointed by these unsatisfactory endearments. But he eats out of my mouth, she continued, and extended her lips to him containing seed, and she smiled with all the charm of a being who has allowed an innocent participation of her love. I turned my face away. She should not act thus. She ought not to excite my imagination with such displays of heavenly innocence and happiness, nor awaken my heart from its slumbers in which it dreams of the worthlessness of life. And why not? Because she knows how much I love her. September 15. It makes me wretched, Wilhelm, to think that there should be men incapable of appreciating the few things which possess a real value in life. You remember the walnut trees at S, under which I used to sit with Charlotte, during my visits to the worthy old vicar. Those glorious trees, the very sight of which has so often filled my heart with joy, how they adorned and refreshed the parsnay jarred with their wide extended branches. And how pleasing was our remembrance of the good old pastor by whose hands they were planted so many years ago. The schoolmaster has frequently mentioned his name. He had it from his grandfather. He must have been a most excellent man, and under the shade of those old trees, his memory was ever venerated by me. The schoolmaster informed us yesterday, with tears in his eyes, that those trees had been felled. Yes, cut to the ground. I could, in my wrath, have slain the monster who struck the first stroke. And I must endure this. I, who, if I had had two such trees in my own court, and one had died from old age, should have wept with real affliction. But there is some comfort left. Such a thing is sentiment. The whole village murmurs at the misfortune. And I hope that vicar's wife will soon find, by the cessation of the villager's presence, how much she has wounded the feelings of the neighborhood. It was she who did it, the wife of the present incumbent. Our good old man is dead. A tall sickly creature who is so far right to disregard the world, as the world totally disregards her. The silly being affects to be learned, pretends to examine the canonical books, lends her aid toward the new fashioned reformation of Christendom, moral and critical, and shrugs up her shoulders at the mention of Leviter's enthusiasm. Her health is destroyed on account of which she is prevented from having any enjoyment here below. Only such a creature could have cut down my walnut trees. I can never pardon it. Here, her reasons. The falling leaves made the court wet and dirty. The branches obstructed the light. Boys threw stones at the nuts when they were ripe, and the noise affected her nerves, and disturbed her profound meditations, when she was weighing the difficulties of Kennecutt, Simler, and Michaelus. Finding that all the parish, particularly the old people, were displeased, I asked why they allowed it. Ah, sir, they replied, when the steward orders, what can we poor peasants do? But one thing has happened well. The steward and the vicar, who for once thought to reap some advantage from the caprices of his wife, intended to divide the trees between them. The Revenue Office, being informed of it, revived an old claim to the ground where the trees had stood and sold them to the best bidder. There they still lie on the ground. If I were the sovereign, I should know how to deal with them all. Vicar, steward, and Revenue Office. Sovereign, did I say? I should, in that case, care little about the trees that grew in the country. October 10. Only to gaze upon her dark eyes is to me a source of happiness. And what grieves me is that Albert does not seem so happy as he hoped to be, as I should have been, if. I am no friend to these pauses, but here I cannot express it otherwise, and probably I am explicit enough. October 12. Ocean has superseded Homer in my heart. To what old world does the illustrious bard carry me? To wander over pathless wilds, surrounded by impetuous whirlwinds, where by the feeble light of the moon we see the spirits of our ancestors. To hear from the mountaintops, mid the roar of torrents, their plaintive sounds issuing from deep caverns, and the sorrowful lamentations of a maiden, whose size and expires on the mossy tomb of the warrior by whom she was adored. I meet this bard with silver hair. He wanders in the valley. He seeks the footsteps of his fathers, and alas, he finds only their tombs. Then, contemplating the pale moon as she sinks beneath the waves of the rolling sea, the memory of bygone days strikes the mind of the hero. Days when approaching danger invigorated the brave, and the moon shone upon his bark laden with spoils and returning in triumph. When I read in his countenance deep sorrow, when I see his dying glory sink exhausted into the grave, as he inhales new and heart-thrilling delight from his approaching union with his beloved, and he casts a look on the cold earth, and the tall grass which is so soon to cover him, and then exclaims, The traveler will come. He will come who has seen my beauty, and he will ask, Where is the bard? Where is the illustrious son of Fingal? He will walk over my tomb, and will seek me in vain. Then, O my friend, I could instantly, like a true and noble knight, draw my sword, and deliver my prince from the long and painful langer of a living death, and dismiss my own soul to follow the demigod whom my hand had set free. October 19. Alas, the void, the fearful void which I feel in my bosom. Sometimes I think, if I could only once but once press her to my heart, this dreadful void would be filled. October 26. Yes, I feel certain, Wilhelm, and every day I become more certain that the existence of any being whatever is a very little consequence. A friend of Charlotte's called to see her just now. I withdrew into a neighboring apartment and took up a book. But finding I could not read, I sat down to write. I heard them converse in an undertone. They spoke upon indifferent topics, and retailed the news of the town. One was going to be married, another was ill, very ill. She had a dry cough. Her face was growing thinner daily, and she had occasional fits. N is very unwell too, said Charlotte. His limbs begin to swell already, answered the other, and my lively imagination carried me at once to the beds of the infirm. There I see them struggling against death, with all the agonies of pain and horror, and these women, Wilhelm, talk of all this with as much indifference as one would mention the death of a stranger. And when I look around the apartment where I now am, when I see Charlotte's apparel lying before me and Albert's writings, and all those articles of furniture which are so familiar to me, even to the very ink-stand which I am using, when I think what I am to this family, everything. My friends esteem me, I often contribute to their happiness, and my heart seems as if it could not beat without them. And yet, if I were to die, if I were to be summoned from the midst of this circle, would they feel? Or how long would they feel the void which my loss would make in their existence? How long? Yes, such is the frailty of man that even there, where he has the greatest consciousness of his own being, where he makes the strongest and most forcible impression, even in the memory in the heart of his beloved, there also he must perish, vanish, and that quickly. October 27. I could tear open my bosom with dexation to think how little we are capable of influencing the feelings of each other. No one can communicate to me those sensations of love, joy, rapture, and delight which I do not naturally possess, and though my heart may glow with the most lively affection, I cannot make the happiness of one in whom the same warmth is not inherent. October 27. Evening. I possess so much, but my love for her absorbs it all. I possess so much, but without her I have nothing. October 30. One hundred times have I been on the point of embracing her. Heavens, what a torment it is to see so much loveliness passing and repassing before us, and yet dare not to lay hold of it. And laying hold is the most natural of human instincts. Do not children touch everything they see? And I. End of Section 8. Section 9 of the Sorrows of Young Verta. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Barry Eads. The Sorrows of Young Verta by Johann Wolfgang van Goethe. Section 9. November 3. Witness, heaven, how often I lie down in my bed with a wish and even a hope that I may never awaken again. And in the morning, when I open my eyes, I behold the sun once more and am wretched. If I were whimsical, I might blame the weather, or an acquaintance, or some personal disappointment for my discontented mind, and then this insupportable load of trouble would not rest entirely upon myself. But alas, I feel it too sadly. I am alone the cause of my own woe, am I not? Truly my own bosom contains the source of all my sorrow, as it previously contained the source of all my pleasure. Am I not the same being who once enjoyed an excess of happiness, who at every step saw paradise open before him, and whose heart was ever expanded toward the whole world? And this heart is now dead. No sentiment can revive it. My eyes are dry, and my senses no more refreshed by the influence of soft tears wither and consume my brain. I suffer much, for I have lost the only charm of life, that active, sacred power which created worlds around me. It is no more. When I look from my window at the distant hills and behold the morning sun breaking through the mists, and illuminating the country around, which is still wrapped in silence, whilst the soft stream winds gently through the willows, which have shed their leaves, when glorious nature displays all her beauties before me, and her wondrous prospects are ineffectual to extract one tear of joy from my withered heart. I feel that in such a moment I stand like a reprobate before heaven, hardened, insensible, and unmoved. Oftentimes do I then bend my knee to the earth, and implore God for the blessing of tears, as the desponding laborer in some scorching climate prays for the dues of heaven to moisten his parched corn. But I feel that God does not grant sunshine or rain to our importunate entreaties. And all those bygone days whose memory now torments me. Why were they so fortunate? Because I then waited with patience for the blessings of the Eternal, and received his gifts with the grateful feelings of a thankful heart. November 8. Charlotte has reproved me for my excesses, with so much tenderness and goodness. I have lately been in the habit of drinking more wine than heretofore. Don't do it, she said. Think of Charlotte. Think of you, I answered. Need you bid me do so? Think of you, I do not think of you. You are ever before my soul. This very morning I sat on the spot where a few days ago you descended from the carriage, and she immediately changed the subject to prevent me from pursuing it farther. My dear friend, my energies are all prostrated. She can do with me what she pleases. November 15. I thank you, Wilhelm, for your cordial sympathy, for your excellent advice, and I implore you to be quiet. Leave me to my sufferings. In spite of my wretchedness I have still strength enough for endurance. I revere religion, you know I do. I feel that it can impart strength to the feeble and comfort to the afflicted, but does it affect all men equally? Consider this vast universe. You will see thousands for whom it has never existed, thousands for whom it will never exist, whether it be preached to them or not, and must it then necessarily exist for me? Does not the Son of God himself say that they are his whom the Father has given to him? Have I been given to him? What if the Father will retain me for himself, as my heart sometimes suggests? I pray you, do not misinterpret this. Do not extract derision from my harmless words. I pour out my whole soul before you. Silence were otherwise preferable to me, but I need not shrink from a subject of which few know more than I do myself. What is the destiny of man but to fill up the measure of his sufferings and to drink his allotted cup of bitterness?  Why should I be ashamed of shrinking at that fearful moment when my whole being will tremble between existence and annihilation, when a remembrance of the past, like a flash of lightning, will illuminate the dark gulf of futurity? When everything shall dissolve around me and the whole world vanish away? Is not this the voice of a creature oppressed beyond all resource, self-deficient, about to plunge into inevitable destruction, and groaning deeply at its inadequate strength? My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? And should I feel ashamed to utter the same expression?  November 21. She does not feel, she does not know, that she is preparing a poison which will destroy us both, and I drink deeply of the draught which is to prove my destruction. What mean those looks of kindness which she often? Often? No, not often, but sometimes, regards me, that complacency with which she hears the involuntary sentiments which frequently escape me, and the tender pity for my sufferings which appears in her countenance? Yesterday when I took leave she seized me by the hand and said, Adieu, dear Verta. Dear Verta, it was the first time she ever called me dear. The sounds sunk deep into my heart. I have repeated it a hundred times, and last night, on going to bed, and talking to myself of various things, I suddenly said, Good night, dear Verta, and then could not but laugh at myself. November 22. I cannot pray leave her to me, and yet she often seems to belong to me. I cannot pray give her to me, for she is another's. In this way I affect mirth over my troubles, and if I had time I could compose a whole litany of antitheses. November 24. She is sensible of my sufferings. This morning her look pierced my very soul. I found her alone, and she was silent. She steadfastly surveyed me. I no longer saw in her face the charms of beauty or the fire of genius. These had disappeared. But I was affected by an expression much more touching, a look of the deepest sympathy and of the softest pity. Why was I afraid to throw myself at her feet? Why did I not dare to take her in my arms and answer her by a thousand kisses? She had recourse to her piano for relief, and in a low and sweet voice accompanied the music with delicious sounds. Her lips never appeared so lovely. They seemed, but just to open, that they might imbibe the sweet tones which issued from the instrument and return the heavenly vibration from her lovely mouth. Oh, who can express my sensations? I was quite overcome, and bending down pronounced this vow. Beautiful lips, which the angels guard, never will I seek to profane your purity with a kiss. And yet, my friend, oh, I wish, but my heart is darkened by doubt and indecision. Could I but taste felicity and then die to expiate the sin? What sin? November 26. Oftentimes I say to myself, Thou alone art wretched. All other mortals are happy. None are distressed like thee. Then I read a passage in an ancient poet, and I seem to understand my own heart. I have so much to endure. Have men before me ever been so wretched? November 30. I shall never be myself again. Wherever I go, some fatality occurs to distract me. Even to-day alas, for our destiny, alas for human nature. About dinner-time I went to walk by the riverside, for I had no appetite. Everything around seemed gloomy. A cold and damp easterly wind blew from the mountains, and black heavy clouds spread over the plain. I observed at a distance a man in a tattered coat. He was wandering among the rocks and seemed to be looking for plants. When I approached he turned round at the noise, and I saw that he had an interesting countenance in which a settled melancholy, strongly marked by benevolence, formed the principal feature. His long black hair was divided and flowed over his shoulders. As his garb betokened a person of the lower order, I thought he would not take it ill if I inquired about his business, and I therefore asked what he was seeking. He replied, with a deep sigh, that he was looking for flowers and could find none. But it is not the season I observed with a smile. Oh, there are so many flowers, he answered, as he came nearer to me. In my garden there are roses and honeysuckles of two sorts. One sort was given to me by my father. They grow as plentifully as weeds. I have been looking for them these two days and cannot find them. There are flowers out there, yellow, blue, and red, and that centaury has a very pretty blossom, but I can find none of them. I observed his peculiarity and therefore asked him, with an air of indifference, what he intended to do with his flowers. A strange smile overspread his countenance. Holding his finger to his mouth, he expressed a hope that I would not betray him, and he then informed me that he had promised to gather a nose-gay for his mistress. That is right, said I. Oh, he replied, she possesses many other things as well. She is very rich. And yet, I continued, she likes your nose-gays. Oh, she has jewels and crowns, he exclaimed. I asked who she was. If the state's general would but pay me, he added, I should be quite another man. Alas, there was a time when I was so happy. But that is past, and I am now. He raised his swimming eyes to heaven. And you were happy once, I observed? Ah, would I were so still, was his reply. I was then as gay and contented as a man can be. An old woman who was coming toward us now called out. Henry? Henry, where are you? We have been looking for you everywhere. Come to dinner. Is he your son, I inquired, as I went toward her? Yes, she said.  The Lord has sent me a heavy affliction. I asked whether he had been long in this state. She answered, he has been as calm as he is at present for about six months. I thank heaven that he has so far recovered. He was for one whole year quite raving and chained down in a madhouse. Now he injures no one but talks of nothing else than kings and queens. He used to be a very good, quiet youth, and helped to maintain me. He wrote a very fine hand. But all at once he became melancholy, was seized with a violent fever, grew distracted, and is now as you see. If I were only to tell you, sir, I interrupted her by asking what period it was in which he boasted of having been so happy. Poor boy, she exclaimed with a smile of compassion. He means the time when he was completely deranged, a time he never ceases to regret, when he was in the madhouse and unconscious of everything. I was thunderstruck. I placed a piece of money in her hand and hastened away. You were happy, I exclaimed as I returned quickly to the town, as gay and contented as a man can be. God of heaven, is this the destiny of man? Is he only happy before he has acquired his reason or after he has lost it? Unfortunate being. And yet I envy your fate.  You go forth with joy to gather flowers for your princess, in winter, and grieve when you can find none and cannot understand why they do not grow. But I wander forth without joy, without hope, without design, and I return as I came. You fancy what a man you would be if the state's general paid you. Happy mortal, who can ascribe your wretchedness to an earthly cause? You do not know, you do not feel, that in your own distracted heart and disordered brain dwells the source of that unhappiness which all the potentates on earth cannot relieve. Let that man die unconsoled who can deride the invalid for undertaking a journey to distant, healthful springs where he often finds only a heavier disease and a more painful death, or who can exalt over the despairing mind of a sinner who, to obtain peace of conscience and an alleviation of misery, makes a pilgrimage to the holy sepulcher. Each laborious step which galls his wounded feet in rough and untrodden paths pours a drop of balm into his troubled soul, and the journey of many a weary day brings a nightly relief to his anguished heart.  Enthusiasm? O God, thou seest my tears. Thou hast allotted us our portion of misery. Must we also have breathened to persecute us, to deprive us of our consolation, of our trust in thee, and in thy love and mercy? For our trust in the virtue of the healing root, or in the strength of the vine, what is it else than a belief in thee from whom all that surrounds us derives its healing and restoring powers? Father whom I do not know, who wort once want to fill my soul, but who now hideest thy face from me? Call me back to thee. Be silent no longer. Thy silence shall not delay a soul which thirsts after thee. What man, what father, could be angry with a son for returning to him suddenly, for falling on his neck and exclaiming, I am here again, my father. Forgive me if I have anticipated my journey and return before the appointed time. The world is everywhere the same, a scene of labor and pain, of pleasure and reward, but what does it all avail? I am happy only where thou art, and in thy presence am I content to suffer or enjoy. And what's thou, heavenly father, banish such a child from thy presence? December 1. Wilhelm, the man about whom I wrote to you, that man so enviable in his misfortunes, was secretary to Charlotte's father. And an unhappy passion for her, which he cherished, concealed, and at length discovered, caused him to be dismissed from his situation. This made him mad. Think, wilst you peruse this plain narration, what an impression the circumstance has made upon me? But it was related to me by Albert, with as much calmness as you will probably peruse it. December 4. I implore your attention. It is all over with me. I can support this state no longer. Today I was sitting by Charlotte. She was playing upon her piano a succession of delightful melodies, with such intense expression.  The tears came into my eyes. I leaned down and looked intently at her wedding ring. My tears fell. Immediately she began to play that favorite, that divine air which has so often enchanted me. I felt comfort from a recollection of the past, of those bygone days when that air was familiar to me. And then I recalled all the sorrows and the disappointments which I had since endured. I paced with hasty strides through the room. My heart became convulsed with painful emotions. At length I went up to her and exclaimed with eagerness, for heaven's sake, play that air no longer. She stopped and looked steadfastly at me. She then said with a smile which sunk deep into my heart, Verta, you are ill. Your dearest food is distasteful to you. But go, I entreat you and endeavor to compose yourself. I tore myself away. God, thou seest my torments and wilt end them. December 6. How her image haunts me, waking or asleep she fills my entire soul. Soon as I close my eyes, here in my brain, where all the nerves of vision are concentrated, her dark eyes are imprinted. Here I do not know how to describe it, but if I shut my eyes hers are immediately before me. Dark as an abyss they open upon me and absorb my senses. And what is man that boasted demigod? Do not his powers fail when he most requires their use? And whether he soar in joy or sink in sorrow is not his career in both inevitably arrested? And whilst he fondly dreams that he is grasping at infinity, does he not feel compelled to return to a consciousness of his cold monotonous existence? Wolfgang van Goethe Section 10 The Editor to the Reader It is a matter of extreme regret that we want original evidence of the last remarkable days of our friend, and we are therefore obliged to interrupt the progress of his correspondence and to supply the deficiency by a connected narration. I have felt it my duty to collect accurate information from the mouths of persons well acquainted with his history. The story is simple, and all the accounts agree except in some unimportant particulars. It is true that with respect to the characters of the persons spoken of, opinions and judgments vary. We have only then to relate conscientiously the facts which our diligent labor has enabled us to collect, to give the letters of the deceased, and to pay particular attention to the slightest fragment from his pen, more especially as it is so difficult to discover the real and correct motives of men who are not of the common order. Sorrow and discontent had taken deep root in Virtus Sol, and gradually imparted their character to his whole being.  His mental anxiety weakened his various good qualities, and he was soon converted into a gloomy companion, always unhappy, and unjust in his ideas the more wretched he became. This was at least the opinion of Albert's friends. They assert, moreover, that the character of Albert himself had undergone no change in the meantime. He was still the same being whom Virtus loved, honored, and respected from the commencement. His love for Charlotte was unbounded. He was proud of her and desired that she should be recognized by every one of the noblest of created beings. Was he, however, to blame for wishing to avert her from every appearance of suspicion, or for his unwillingness to share his rich prize with another, even for a moment, and in the most innocent manner? It is asserted that Albert frequently retired from his wife's apartment during Virtus visits. But this did not arise from hatred or aversion to his friend, but only from a feeling that his presence was oppressive to Virtus. Charlotte's father, who was confined to the house by in disposition, was accustomed to send his carriage for her that she might make excursions in the neighborhood. One day the weather had been unusually severe, and the whole country was covered with snow. Virtus went with Charlotte the following morning, in order that, if Albert were absent, he might conduct her home. The beautiful weather produced but little impression on his troubled spirit. A heavy weight lay upon his soul. Deep melancholy had taken possession of him, and his mind knew no change save from one painful thought to another. As he now never enjoyed internal peace, the condition of his fellow creatures was to him a perpetual source of trouble and distress. He believed he had disturbed the happiness of Albert and his wife, and whilst he censured himself strongly for this, he began to entertain a secret dislike to Albert. His thoughts were occasionally directed to this point. Yes, he would repeat to himself, with ill-concealed dissatisfaction. Yes, this is, after all, the extent of that confiding, dear, tender, and sympathetic love that calm and eternal fidelity. What do I behold but satiety and indifference? Does not every frivolous engagement attract him more than his charming and lovely wife? Does he know how to prize his happiness? Can he value her as she deserves? He possesses her, it is true, I know that, as I know much more, and I have become accustomed to the thought that he will drive me mad, or perhaps murder me. Is his friendship toward me unimpaired? Does he not view my attachment to Charlotte as an infringement upon his rights, and consider my attention to her as a silent rebuke to himself? I know and indeed feel that he dislikes me, that he wishes for my absence, that my presence is hateful to him. He would often pause when on his way to visit Charlotte, stand still, as though in doubt, and seem desirous of returning, but would nevertheless proceed, and engage in such thoughts and soliloquies as we have described, he finally reached the hunting lodge with a sort of involuntary consent. Upon one occasion he entered the house, and inquiring for Charlotte, he observed that the inmates were in a state of unusual confusion. The eldest boy informed him that a dreadful misfortune had occurred at Wallheim, that a peasant had been murdered. But this made little impression upon him. Entering the apartment he found Charlotte engaged reasoning with her father, who, in spite of his infirmity, insisted on going to the scene of the crime in order to institute an inquiry. The criminal was unknown, the victim had been found dead at his own door that morning. Suspicions were excited, the murdered man had been in the service of a widow, and the person who had previously filled the situation had been dismissed from her employment. As soon as Verta heard this he exclaimed with great excitement, Is it possible? I must go to the spot. I cannot delay a moment. He hastened to Wallheim. Every incident returned vividly to his remembrance, and he entertained not the slightest doubt that that man was the murderer to whom he had so often spoken, and for whom he entertained so much regard. His way took him past the well-known lime trees, to the house where the body had been carried, and his feelings were greatly excited at the sight of the fondly recollected spot. That threshold where the neighbor's children had so often played together was stained with blood. Love and attachment, the noblest feelings of human nature, had been converted into violence and murder. The huge trees stood there leafless and covered with whorefrost. The beautiful hedgerows which surrounded the old churchyard wall were withered, and the gravestones half covered with snow were visible through the openings. As he approached the inn, in front of which the whole village was assembled, screams were suddenly heard. A troop of armed peasants was seen approaching, and everyone exclaimed that the criminal had been apprehended. Verta looked, and was not long in doubt. The prisoner was no other than the servant, who had been formally so attached to the widow, and whom he had met prowling about with that suppressed anger and ill-concealed despair which we have before described. What have you done, unfortunate man? inquired Verta as he advanced toward the prisoner.  No one will now marry her, and she will marry no one. The prisoner was taken into the inn, and Verta left the place. The mind of Verta was fearfully excited by this shocking occurrence. He ceased, however, to be oppressed by his usual feeling of melancholy, moroseness, and indifference to everything that passed around him. He entertained a strong degree of pity for the prisoner, and was seized with an indescribable anxiety to save him from his impending fate. He considered him so unfortunate, he deemed his crime so excusable, and thought his own condition so nearly similar, that he felt convinced he could make everyone else view the matter in the light in which he saw it himself. He now became anxious to undertake his defense, and commenced composing an eloquent speech for the occasion. And, on his way to the hunting lodge, he could not refrain from speaking aloud the statement which he resolved to make to the judge. Upon his arrival, he found Albert had been before him, and he was a little perplexed by this meeting, but he soon recovered himself and expressed his opinion with much warmth to the judge. The latter shook his head doubtingly, and although Verta urged his case with the utmost zeal, feeling, and determination in defense of his client, yet as we may easily suppose, the judge was not much influenced by his appeal. On the contrary, he interrupted him in his address, reasoned with him seriously, and even administered a rebuke to him for becoming the advocate of a murderer. He demonstrated that, according to this precedent, every law might be violated and the public security utterly destroyed. He added, moreover, that in such a case he could himself do nothing, without incurring the greatest responsibility, that everything must follow in the usual course, and pursue the ordinary channel. Verta, however, did not abandon his enterprise, and even besought the judge to connive at the flight of the prisoner. But this proposal was preemptorily rejected. Albert, who had taken some part in the discussion, coincided in opinion with the judge. At this, Verta became enraged, and took his leave in great anger, after the judge had more than once assured him that the prisoner could not be saved. The excess of his grief at this assurance may be inferred from a note we have found amongst his papers, and which was doubtless written upon this very occasion. You cannot be saved, unfortunate man. I see clearly that we cannot be saved. Verta was highly incensed at the observations which Albert had made to the judge in this matter of the prisoner. He thought he could detect therein a little bitterness toward himself personally, and although upon reflection it could not escape his sound judgment that their view of the matter was correct, he felt the greatest possible reluctance to make such an admission. A memorandum of Verta's upon this point, expressive of his general feelings toward Albert, has been found amongst his papers. What is the use of my continually repeating that he is a good and estimable man? He is an inward torment to me, and I am incapable of being just toward him. One fine evening in winter, when the weather seemed inclined to thaw, Charlotte and Albert were returning home together. The former looked from time to time about her, as if she missed Verta's company. Albert began to speak of him, and censured him for his prejudices. He alluded to his unfortunate attachment, and wished it were possible to discontinue his acquaintance.  The world is sensorious, and I know that here and there we are spoken of. Charlotte made no reply, and Albert seemed to feel her silence. At least, from that time he never again spoke of Verta, and when she introduced the subject, he allowed the conversation to die away, or else he directed the discourse into another channel. The vain attempt Verta had made to save the unhappy murderer was the last feeble glimmering of a flame about to be extinguished. He sank almost immediately afterward into a state of gloom and inactivity, until he was at length brought to perfect distraction by learning that he was to be summoned as a witness against the prisoner who asserted his complete innocence. His mind now became oppressed by the recollection of every misfortune of his past life. The mortification he had suffered at the ambassadors, and his subsequent troubles, were revived in his memory. He became utterly inactive.  In this unvarying monotony of existence his days were consumed, and his powers became exhausted without aim or design until they brought him to a sorrowful end. A few letters which he left behind, and which we here subjoin, afford the best proofs of his anxiety of mind and of the depth of his passion, as well as of his doubts and struggles and of his weariness of life. December 12 Dear Wilhelm, I am reduced to the condition of those unfortunate wretches who believe they are pursued by an evil spirit. Sometimes I am oppressed, not by apprehension or fear, but by an inexpressible internal sensation which weighs upon my heart and impedes my breath. Then I wander forth at night, even in this tempetuous season, and feel pleasure in surveying the dreadful scenes around me. Yesterday evening I went forth. A rapid thaw had suddenly set in. I had been informed that the river had risen, that the brooks had all overflowed their banks, and that the whole veil of Wallheim was under water. Upon the stroke of twelve I hastened forth. I beheld a fearful sight. The foaming torrents rolled from the mountains in the moonlight. Fields and meadows, trees and hedges, were confounded together, and the entire valley was converted into a deep lake which was agitated by the roaring wind. And when the moon shone forth and tinged the black clouds with silver and the impetuous torrent at my feet foamed and resounded with awful and grand impetuosity, I was overcome by a mingled sensation of apprehension and delight. With extended arms I looked down into the yawning abyss and cried, Plunge! For a moment my senses forsook me, in the intense delight of ending my sorrows and my sufferings by a plunge into that gulf. And then I felt as if I were rooted to the earth, and incapable of seeking an end to my woes. But my hour is not yet come. I feel it is not. O Wilhelm, how willingly could I abandon my existence to ride the whirlwind or to embrace the torrent? And then might not rapture per chance be the portion of this liberated soul?  Alas! it was covered with water, and with difficulty I found even the meadow, and the fields around the hunting lodge thought I. Has our dear bower been destroyed by this unpitying storm? And a beam of past happiness streamed upon me as the mind of a captive is illumined by dreams of flocks and herds and bygone joys of home. But I am free from blame. I have courage to die. Perhaps I have. But I still sit here, like a wretched pauper who collects faggots, and begs her bread from door to door, that she may prolong for a few days a miserable existence which she is unwilling to resign. December 15th. What is the matter with me, dear Wilhelm? I am afraid of myself. Is not my love for her of the purest, most holy, and most brotherly nature? Has my soul ever been sullied by a single sensual desire? But I will make no protestations.  This night I tremble at the avowal. I held her in my arms, locked in a close embrace. I pressed her to my bosom, and covered with countless kisses those dear lips, which murmured in reply, soft protestations of love. My sight became confused by the delicious intoxication of her eyes. Heavens, is it sinful to revel again in such happiness? To recall once more those rapturous moments with intense delight? Charlotte, Charlotte, I am lost. My senses are bewildered, my recollection is confused. Mine eyes are bathed in tears. I am ill. And yet I am well. I wish for nothing. I have no desires. It were better I were gone. Under the circumstances narrated above, a determination to quit this world had now taken fixed possession of Virtus Sol. Since Charlotte's return, this thought had been the final object of all his hopes and wishes. But he had resolved that such a step should not be taken with precipitation, but with calmness and tranquility, and with the most perfect deliberation. His troubles and internal struggles may be understood from the following fragment, which was found without any date amongst his papers, and appears to have formed the beginning of a letter to Wilhelm. Her presence, her fate, her sympathy for me, have power still to extract tears from my withered brain. One lifts up the curtain and passes to the other side. That is all. And why all these doubts and delays? Because we know not what is behind, because there is no returning, and because our mind infers that all is darkness and confusion, where we have nothing but uncertainty. His appearance at length became quite altered by the effect of his melancholy thoughts, and his resolution was now finally and irrevocably taken, of which the following ambiguous letter, which he addressed to his friend, may appear to afford some proof.


So, the internet has opened new markets through which billions of dollars now flow. And at the same time, neuroscientists have devised new methods for predicting individual choice. The question I'd like to explore today is, can we use those new methods to say something to forecast aggregate choice, even on the internet, even in markets? For a long time, neuroscientists haven't even contemplated the ability to predict choice in humans, because we've known that circuits deep in the brain in animals will support self-stimulation, highly motivated behavior, and even avoidance of stimulation. But we couldn't visualize those circuits with human brain imaging methods. We just lacked the resolution. But in 1992, a method was developed called Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or fMRI. And the advantage of fMRI is it allowed us to look in behaving human brains at a scale of millimeters and seconds, which means that we can observe what's happening in the brain as people choose, and even before they choose. And so, people started to look not only at sensory input, motor output, but also responses to rewards and punishments. And using simple games in our lab, we've actually investigated the responses of these deep circuits and indeed seen that they activate in response to rewards and punishments. But we've learned a couple of things. One is they don't just respond to simple rewards like getting tasty juice, but also to abstract rewards like money. Another thing that we've learned is that these circuits respond as powerfully, if not more powerfully, to anticipating rewards and punishments as to actually getting these rewards and punishments. And so we've been able to identify targets, if you will, that respond to the anticipation of reward and the anticipation of punishment, which suggested maybe we could take activation out of those targets and actually predict choice. And so we've done this in many scenarios. This is a shopping scenario that we did in my lab, where we presented people with various products at various prices, and then we asked them to choose whether they wanted to buy those products or not. This was for real, for real money. And we looked at what happened in the brain, and we saw that reward anticipation circuits responded to attractive products and predicted purchasing. But punishment anticipation circuits responded to excessive prices and predicted not purchasing. Now that's individual choice, and by now many labs have been able to do this with fMRI Predict Individual Choice. But what about markets? Individual markets like the stock trading floor you see are very chaotic and hard to measure in terms of dynamic choice activity. But now we have internet markets, which allows to measure choice on a massive scale. So we've started to try to extend from individual choice to aggregate choice, which might seem simple, but it's not actually. There are a number of things that could happen. No scaling account, I will call it, is the idea that individual choice is so variable that it just sort of averages out in the noise and you can't scale at all. Another account, which I'll call total scaling, is the idea that individual choice is shared by everybody and it scales very neatly up to an aggregate market choice. A third account that we're exploring, and I'm going to call partial scaling, is the idea that if we can deconstruct decision making, we can find the components that are similar across people and improve our forecasts not only of individual choice but also of aggregate choice. And we've started to do this in internet markets. I'm going to describe a new experiment that we've just done on crowdfunding. So crowdfunding is an internet market for entrepreneurship in which entrepreneurs ask for investments and if they get enough investments by a certain deadline, they get funding and if they don't, the investments are returned to investors. And so what we did is we put a number of subjects in the magnet and had them evaluate a number of appeals like this and actually invest in these appeals or not. We measured three things about them. The first thing is what was happening in their brain as they were viewing those appeals. The second was what were their actual choices? And the third was after the experiment is over, we said to them, okay, tell us how much you liked this appeal, what was that appeal, and so forth, so ratings. The question is not only which of these will predict the individual choice, but weeks later which will predict what happens on the internet, which of these appeals are funded and what we found as it turns out is something very interesting. Brain activation in these deep circuits we've been talking about, averaged over the group, predicted which appeals would be funded and which would not. That was not the case actually for the behavior of the people in our experiment, the average choices that they made, nor was it the case for their explicit ratings of these appeals. Now you might think, well they got lucky this time. What about other markets? So we've looked at another market, microlending, which is a similarly sort of crowd sourced market in the sense that people will view appeals and decide whether or not they want to make a loan, and if the loan gets enough funding, then it will be funded otherwise the money is returned. And we did a similar experiment and we observed a similar result. Activity in those deep brain regions actually predicts that a loan appeal will get funded weeks later, better than behavior itself. So it's a sort of miraculous to us, it's new stuff, and it's a new technology. But the big idea here is that by deconstructing individual choices, deconstructing the neural components of choices, we can do a better job of forecasting not only individual choice but also group choice. The fact that affective circuits are involved suggests to us that it might be the choices that involve less reflection, which are the most amenable to forecasting. So these would be choices like, I'm going to take a drug now, or I'm not going to save money for the future. These are the choices that we're most interested in understanding and improving. So my question for you is, if this works in its early days, how can we use this kind of a technology to make the world a better place?


At Audiology Associates of Prestonburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. With 40 years of being in the hearing care industry, you'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonburg. In partnership with Kentucky Arts Council and South Arts, registration for Heinemann Settlement Schools pick and bow after school music program is now open. The lessons are free to attend and are open to students in grades four through 12 and not Floyd and Perry counties. Our goal with pick and bow is to foster traditional music in our communities and help young people connect with that part of their Appalachian history. Lessons will be offered in person and online in guitar, fiddle, banjo, ukulele, dulcimer, and mandolin. Well, with any kind of music classes, it does so much for the developing brain. But with traditional music specifically, you know, with traditional Appalachian music, it is really much community-based music. You know, people get together. It's a social thing. People get together and play music on their porches. They get together at church and sing, you know, gospel. They get together and play music for square dances. So there's a whole other layer of social skills and community building that surrounds traditional Appalachian music. And I think that is just as important as the skill of learning instruments. Classes begin August 31st. For more information and to register, go to Heinemann.org. Reporting for Mountain Top News, I'm Brianna Robinson.