All right, Dr. Sane, we're live and it is great to have you here. We have known each other in the same functional circles for a while, but recently, I think it was last year, we had coffee and I just loved getting to know you and what you're doing and so much alignment with functional medicine.  This will be recorded. You can watch it later if you don't catch it all. You'll be here on Facebook live and it will also be on my YouTube channel, which is just under my name, Jill Carnahan, so you can find us there. You can feel free to share this if you find it interesting with your friends and family. I want to introduce my friend, Dr. Abid Hussein. He's an established cardiologist in the conventional healthcare system, but he realized like we all do, the limitations of providing highly impactful preventative care. He decided to educate himself in functional medicine and cutting edge research of the biotechnologies of anti-aging. If you stay tuned today, we're going to talk about some really cutting edge things that we're doing in not only internal medicine, but cardiology and pretty much all realms. What I love is just like you, Dr. Hussein, you're trained in cardiology, so you obviously have this really wonderful specialty, but this whole realm applies to all of our patients no matter if they have heart issues or not, so it'll be interesting to dive into there. He's among the revolutionary few who are changing the way cardiovascular disease is addressed, and you know, I always find it's so fun to talk to specialists that are functional trained because a lot of us are internal medicine, family medicine background, but when we find a colleague like you who's had the extra training, rheumatology, cardiology, gastroenterology, it's really, really special because you've got all this great conventional wisdom, and I always feel like we're adding to our toolbox, right? For me, I still have a great conventional doctor, I still want to make a great differential diagnosis, use all the great tools we have, but what we have now is we have a bigger toolbox with more things to use at the disposal of our patients. He's triple board certified, and he's an accomplished painter, mixed martial artist, and he has so many cool assets to his life, so thank you again for joining us, I'm so glad to have you here. Yeah, thank you for having me, this is a real honor to be here. Yeah, so what I always like to start with is a little bit about your story because we all have kind of a way that we traveled into medicine, and how did you get interested first in just medicine and cardiology, and then how did you find a way to functional medicine? Well, my journey has always had this intertwined path with the arts, so when I was in college, it was easier for me to sort of go into the medical profession, as my father was a physician and my brother also, but I really wanted to do the arts, and I was considering being a comic book illustrator, and then I took a gross anatomy class, and then all of a sudden something just went off in my head that made me really interested, and I thought, all right, this is something that I really love doing, and at the same time satisfies a lot of other responsibilities in my life, so it was a great fit, and then 20 years later, I was in fellowship and finishing that up, and got my training in cardiology, and starting the practice. I love that, and what I love is what I really learned, you know, in medicine, it's a very analytical, systemic field, and very left-brained, but you're an artist, and you're an artist at heart, and I feel like I have the same kind of bent as far as I'm actually an intuitive, you know, a lot of more creative pieces, and those combine so beautifully, because that little medicine at the root there, it's problem-solving, so we use that left-brain analytical part, but honestly, it's creative problem-solving because you have to really take a whole different approach to this to really understand complexities, so I bet you find that your artist background brings a whole different level of skill to your cardiology and your integrative and anti-aging practice. Yeah, it does, instead of it being protocol-based, which is what a lot of conventional medicine has become, it really brings the artistry back into it, and I think that's one of the things that functional medicine really has provided, you know, there's an element of artistry to it, every person is different, and every treatment is individualized, and so there's also a trial and error period, and that requires being able to understand and read what people are telling us, and their symptoms, and knowing what to take as a priority and what not to, so, you know, and those are all, it brings the artistry back into it for sure. Yeah, I really found that because I remember in medical school being so ashamed of my creativity and intuition because that wasn't scientific, right? So I really learned to kind of push that aside, we can't trust our gut, and now the last decade in practice, I feel like that intuition in their science to back this, but an intuitive sense of kind of the gestalt of where to go with a patient as you listen to their story, you know, it's right on, and it's almost 100% of the time I'm really in touch with that, or even the sense of like, oh, we're missing something, or I need to know more direction, right? And I'm sure you navigate that way too, but as I've actually pulled back in the intuitive right brain part of myself, I feel like I'm a much, much better practitioner, and I get, you know, a bigger, and even the sense of how they're feeling, and what was that, what was the significance of that event in your life? And then you find out, well, that was the time their palm flooded, and then there was water damage, and then they had, you know, whatever kinds of things that, so we're listening. So then you cardiology, conventional cardiology, amazing, and triple board certified, tell me just a little bit more about that, what's your board certifications in? Well, there's internal medicine and cardiology, those two, they go hand in hand, we have to go through internal medicine before we can finish cardiology, so those are two, and then there's my functional medicine board certification. I didn't get that until after, I'd say about 10 years of practicing, you know, I was practicing in Las Vegas, and that's probably one of the epicenters of cardiovascular disease in the country, because you have unhealthy, unhealthy lifestyles, people getting cardiovascular disease at a young age, and then you have a lot of retirees that already have cardiovascular disease. So it's a bit of a, you know, a heart sandwich over there, so it was busy, and I got burned out after about eight years, and there was a, you know, there was a feeling of just sort of fixing the symptom, and you know, we were putting in stands, you know, we were giving people statins, and it felt, you know, they were getting better, but they weren't really getting the outcomes that I wanted, and you know, that combined with just a huge workload, I got burned out, and I decided to take a sabbatical, and you know, I continued to work per diem, but I took a majority of my time off and went and was called back to the arts, and I went to do three years of studying with a master painter in Santa Fe, and I also did some traveling internationally to different places to study, but I did that for three to four years, and was just, you know, continuing to practice medicine to continue my, keep my skills relevant, and then it was after that I had, you know, I created this sense of satisfaction in one part of my life, and medicine still wasn't really satisfying me in the way that it had when I first encountered it when I was young, and I was just searching around for different options, and that's when I ran into functional medicine, and that's what pinged me, it really brought back a lot of interest, and it brought back this sense of continuing learning back in my life, like now I really enjoy and search for the time to continue to do the research, whereas before it was more an obligation. Yes, oh gosh, there's so many pieces I want to talk to you about in your story, because already, so first of all, you kind of went back into creativity, still kept your license, and the temporary kind of you work up to keep that, I know how that goes, but what was interesting is I bet that getting back into the creative really enhanced when you got back into medicine functional medicine. What would you say, what, first of all, I want to say when I first sat down to lunch with you last year, I remember hearing about your artist background and seeing some of your art, you are amazingly talented, like I love what you've done, and to me that was so impressive, because so often you have a very analytical left brain engineer, doctor, accountant, great, right? But they don't have the breadth or the depth of talent, and again, like we talked about at the beginning, I think it's actually the heart of the intuitive artist that really brings that ability to see things at a different level with our patients and actually find answers to very complex problems, because they aren't, I always think of it as we have a limited ability to process data in our analytical mind, but we have an unlimited ability to process data with our subconscious, right? So we can take in a lot more data points and process it at that level. What did going back to the arts and then coming back to medicine, what did that bring different for you to medicine that you maybe didn't have as much before? Was there anything that that changed the way you practiced? It, yeah, it did, just touching on what you were saying, it was there was a lot of integration of data. It was interesting, you know, the part, the type of painting that I do is painting from life, and life, especially visual data has, there's a tremendous amount of information we're taking in visually, and most of it is not, we're not aware of most of it, most of it is subconscious, and there is an element of not being able to understand what I'm seeing and then recreate it on a canvas. And so by going through that process of recreating it, it helps me to really formulate and understand what it is that I'm seeing on a really fundamental level. So when I start to see after doing that, when I now I apply that to other areas. So whether it's movement in my exercises or in, you know, in studying in, in studying clinical trials or practicing medicine, there's an element of trial of taking all this volumes information and taking it and filtering it down distilling it to the important parts that I need to use to organize the picture I'm putting together. You have just so eloquently talked about how we, how functionalism works best because it really is its observation and attention to detail, isn't it? Like you're just watching and you're watching when they flinch when you talk about a certain event in their life or you watch when they, you know, pause and they're having trouble getting the words out about something or like there's something there. But it's all those details that if we're going at the fast analytical pace we might miss. And I'll patients know what they need. If we listen carefully enough, don't they usually kind of tell us what direction to go. They're the author and they're the, you know, most important part of their story. Well, I love that. And then you mentioned the functional medicine. Most people I've talked to, including myself, and it sounds like you, when we really understand and find functional medicine, there's kind of an aha because the reason we really went into medicine in general is to solve problems, help people heal and really understand root cause. Did you have that kind of aha when you discovered a functional medicine like this is what I've been looking for? Yeah, it did. It was, I had the aha when I was doing, when I was studying the functional medicine, I realized it was making me a better physician overall, because it was complimenting both internal medicine and cardiology. And it continues to do so. The more I study, and the more I study, the more impactful things I learn, the more I keep having, you know, these aha moments just keep getting, keep coming and they keep getting bigger and bigger. It's not like it just happened once, you know, they, yeah. It's like I've tapped into a vein and now all of a sudden I say, I just keep following that back and it's, it's, it becomes more exciting. Yeah. And like you said, the joy comes back because we actually went into medicine to help solve problems, help people, versus just, there's nothing wrong with drugs and surgery. I prescribe them frequently. But if that's the end point all the time when there's no actually solution-based medicine, it gets to be a little bit discouraging really for what we do. Yeah. So let's talk about some of the cutting-edge things you're seeing. I know you do a lot of anti-aging, so you deal with cardiology patients, but you're also looking at people like a lot of our listeners who just want better performance, whether it's brain, physical health, optimal performance in sports and athletics.  I do. Yeah, I take care of a lot of athletes and that's been where they're, I enjoy taking care of athletes and that's been where I started a lot of my practice and a lot of bio-identical hormone replacement. And it's a rewarding way to help people because a lot of the, a lot of athletes generally are pretty healthy and we don't have too much to tackle so we can add on to what they're doing and have some sort of practices that are some sort of practice and consistency with what they're doing. But what's interesting is after working with those people and deciding that, all right, I'm prescribing testosterone, prescribing estrogen, progesterone, I've really got to know the nuts and bolts of what these are doing and there's a lot of myth about testosterone out there. What it does, what it doesn't do, does it help the cardiovascular system? It doesn't it? Same thing with estrogen. There's these trials that are from 30 years ago that say we shouldn't be taking oral, you know, parlor replacement and then we have trials that say we do. So it became, I was compelled to say, all right, I'm prescribing this and I'm a specialist in this arena. I have to know the nuts and bolts of what's going on and really find out definitively for myself what it is. And so that has led into a real kind of gold mine in understanding what hormones can do for our cardiovascular health and how they're being under utilized. I'd love to talk a little bit about that because I do the same. I think you probably even more to an extent use them and I feel the same way like they are powerful when used appropriately. Yeah. And as long as we know those guidelines. So let's talk about a typical, say, you know, 55 year old woman with no history of breast cancer, no high risk, just going through menopause, starting to have menopausal symptoms, worried about her heart health. How would you console her and would you consider estrogen, testosterone, progesterone? How would you look at that kind of a case? And then I want to talk about a man too. Yeah. Yeah, definitely. I mean, so a woman coming in with, you know, menopausal symptoms, premenopausal, leading up to or even in full blown menopause. I would start by doing, you know, a full blood panel and that would include thyroid also because the thyroid is just as important in cardiovascular health. And that's what I do for most of my patients, actually all of them. I start with at least a sex hormone panel and a thyroid panel and, you know, assuming that their numbers would come back consistent with what we expect if they're having symptoms of menopause and their progesterone is low and the testosterone, progesterone and estrogen are low, as is their testosterone. So, and there's a lot of data to support not just replacing the three hormones, but replacing them up to physiologic levels. I have, I started using topical estrogen in the beginning and as we were trained in an A4M and then a lot of the research that I'm looking into recently is saying that oral estradiol is safe. Oral estradiol is probably more powerful and allows for better delivery as well as easier testing. So I've shifted to oral estradiol and then oral progesterone, these are all bio identical. And that's a very important point because all of the old studies, and this is where things have gotten confounded, is they're using synthetic estrogen or estrone or they're using equine estrogen, which is ridiculous.  So naturally it's going to cause an abnormal reaction or a side effect. But if we use bio identical estrogen, our bodies can manage the half-life, they can manage the lifespan of these, and then use some sort of feedback mechanism to use it appropriately. Same thing goes with progesterone. And then often under-recognized is testosterone for women. It's so important, you know, it's part of their lean body mass. Lean body mass is important for maintaining cardiovascular health in the sense of insulin sensitivity and then vascular health, things like that. So not only that, but then recovery, we talked about muscle mass briefly, and then libido, important. So bone health.  I give DHEA, which is well converted to testosterone. Yes. I love that review because people are so afraid.  But I agree with you 100%. And what I've really found is I look at the research, the surprising thing in the last maybe five years is the data on testosterone and auto-immunity and why women get auto-immune at least four or five times that of men, testosterone is one of the factors. And I've actually used that, especially with clear serum levels that are basically undetectable in women, to start to reverse auto-immunity with a good, you know, we're dealing with the gut. We're dealing with all the other functionalists and pieces, but I've seen testosterone be a key component in women in helping to reverse auto-immunity. So I couldn't read more. And like you said, I love DHEA. Once in a while, they're really pushing stress hormones in the cortisol pathway. They're converting that to cortisol or they'll have breakouts or they'll have some conversion issues. And I'm assuming like in the blood work, you're checking free and total testosterone, DHEAS, and then maybe even DHT to make sure that they're not having pattern baldness or any of those kinds of things. Sure, sure. Yeah. Yeah, I do that, especially for the men. The DHT is, I mean, of course women, yeah, hair for both. Yeah, I checked DHT at home. So let's talk about the men then, because clearly, similar pathway, but what do you look for in men? And are you looking for estrogen to make sure it doesn't go too high? Tell us a little about the typical man. Yeah. So, man, with the similar age, I'll do the same panel and I'm checking the same markers. For them, it's primarily they're concerned about testosterone. And rightfully so, I'll check the free and total testosterone. And if their numbers are low, meaning below around 350 depending on the lab, then that means they meet criteria to start right away without even worrying about their symptoms. But if they're within low normal, like below 500, and they have symptoms, then I will start them on anyway, because that also meets criteria as long as you have symptoms. So starting them on testosterone, and when starting testosterone, I prefer to start them on not only this isn't injectable, because it's the most effective way to give it, unfortunately, through injections. Once you get used to it, it's not a big deal. Once a week is what I prefer. And then I add another agent to help stimulate the body to make its own testosterone. So what ends up happening is if we give testosterone, it's going to suppress our body's capacity or desire to make testosterone, because if it's already there, why do we need to make it?  The reason for that is that we don't suppress the ability for the testes to make testosterone overall. Because if you do that for years at a time, then restarting your ability to make testosterone can be difficult. So that helps to boost the testosterone a little bit and keep your physiology working the way it's supposed to. Yeah, and clearly with both of these situations, there's a clear heart benefit, right? Can you tell us what about like for a woman optimizing hormones and is not going to cut up an age like should we be concerned after 70 or after 65 or after? What's kind of your threshold for men or women and hormones and is there a concern with informed consent? What would you take us with that? Yeah, well, let me finish with men and then I'll take you to that. So finishing, you know, the second part of the man is the estrogen. Now I don't I will estrogen and progesterone, I will replace their estrogen and progesterone if it's low. Oftentimes giving testosterone because it gets converted to estrogen means that we don't have to do that. But that's where their cholesterol panel comes in. I check their cholesterol panel and if they have they have high LDLs or I also check inflammatory markers. If they have markers that look for oxidized LDL, you know, F2 isoprostane or elevated LP little A, these are all extra markers. These are markers that look at bad plaque being created in your arteries. And I look at others too, if those are elevated, then we need to act on their cholesterol aggressively. And that means, you know, if they're open to it, because sometimes a discussion of starting estrogen for men is not something they want to hear. But when they start it, there is great data to show that the estrogen actually helps improve your HDLs, lower your LDLs, and then improve what's called a cholesterol efflux, which is the ability for our body to pull cholesterol out and then get get rid of it.  So why not give it to men also? So I was just going to mention for people listening, that makes GABA, your progesterone GABA is like the same thing as an alcohol or benzodiazepines, but naturally you make this GABA when you take progesterone orally, which is amazing for sleep. So go ahead. Sorry. So I'll start with about one milligram for men, sometimes a half a milligram, and it's not that that much estrogen. And generally, they it's tolerated very well. And if they do get some symptoms, then we ease back on it and, you know, and monitor it the way we would, you know, monitor it, see how they feel. If we need to, we can add some, you know, some dim or some other sort of supplement to help the metabolism drive it the way we want to. And then, you know, if they are on a lot of a lot of hormone replacement, I'll do a metabol, you know, hormone metabolism study also. Usually, you know, there's some salivary tests or urine tests that will look at the metabolic pathway to see how they're metabolizing their hormones. And that can be helpful to see, you know, if they need supplements to guide the metabolism in the right way. So yeah, so that's how I would, you know, finish up with men. So then if we're looking at cardiovascular health, like if somebody's coming to me and they're middle aged, and they don't have a family history, then, and they've never looked at their cholesterol, then I'll do that. I'll do a thorough cholesterol panel. If they've already looked at that, and their primary care physician has said, okay, your cholesterol is good. I will ask for the numbers, the data, make sure, verify, and if it's okay, I don't necessarily need to do anything in their middle ages, unless they want me to dig into it further, unless there's a need to. If somebody comes to me that's a little older, and they've already passed the phase of menopause, or if they're older men, I will still recommend starting the hormones, because there's no age is too late. The caveat is that for women, the longer the years they have in menopause, the more their risk starts to equal men of the same age. So once they lose their protective effect of estrogen, they start to develop plaque. Adding estrogen at higher doses can cause the plaque to become unstable in the first year, and that's it. So that's why in studies we see the first year has maybe higher levels of heart attacks, angina, acute coronary syndrome, and that's because they've been getting really high doses of estrogen, and that causes, yeah, and so those plaque get a little bit weaker, and more prone to rupturing. So what we do is we start out low, or we start with cream, get them used to it, and then increase it slowly, and then and and generally one milligram to two milligrams is still within a range that it doesn't cause the plaque to get too unstable. So start with maybe one milligram, half a milligram for the first year, and then as they their system has time to really stabilize, and then the next year will, you know, we increase it, but we look at those inflammatory markers at the same time, and measure them to see where they're going. And the one that I'm looking at in particular is called myeloperoxidase. Yes, yes, there's an oxidative stress marker, right, which a lot of doctors don't look at. So it's MPO for short, if you're asking your doctor for that. Now I know I can get specialty panels with that. Can that be done at a traditional lab like our hospitals or Quest or Lab Corps that MPO, or is that just specialty? No, that's actually a quest has. So Cleveland Heart Labs was doing that before, then they got up, but they got bought out by Quest, and they maintain their, they're still set, they still maintain themselves as a separate entity, but you can get MPO or all these markers through Quest anywhere now. Is that the cardio IQ panel that they have? Is that what? So yeah, they have a, they have a, it's, it's used to be called an NMR, I think it's called a smart lipid panel with particle sizes. And that's the one I use. This is great. Yeah, me too. So I have a question because this is getting as a clinician and you're the expert here for me to learn too. The LP little a, I have the understanding that there's a much bigger genetic component of that. And for me, it's a little bit harder to budge, but it sounds like you think that or the hormones could potentially, is there anything else?  What else could we do for that? That you might be able to shed some light on it? There's, well estrogen has some is shown to be to be effective with LP little a to help reduce some of that.  There are some folks that have elevated LP little a that don't have premature coronary disease. So, so it doesn't necessarily mean that you have, you know, you're going to get coronary disease. So I think that that there's, so that's a caveat that should be said, but it should be taken seriously because that's the minority instead of the most patients. But estrogen helps. And then, you know, we start looking at, you know, there's other potential options. There's some peptides that may be able to help with LP little a or at least help the utilization of fat more effectively. And, you know, when we talk about peptides, we're talking about protein molecules that help the body do the things that it normally does, but more efficiently. Yes, I'm a huge fan of peptides. So we could talk a little bit about that if you'd like. I use some of the the main ones that are super common for raising HGA, human growth hormone, some other ones that help immune system help natural cells, a lot of the ones that help repair and recovery. So injuries, tendons. And for me, the thing that I need to know as a clinician is, are any of these causing rapid cell division growth, because those are the ones usually want to use for a specific amount of time, you know, with not overdoing them, because of course, they could could lead unrestrained growth of cells, which could lead to cancer. Yeah, I feel like with the types of ways we're using them, like either Monday through Friday off on the weekend, or for six months off. Tell me a little bit about I know like CJC B'moreland is one of our classic favorites. Is that that's one that you would probably use for six months, and then take a break any caveats on using that? The the only, I mean, there's no real caveat, like I guess I will say one caveat about cell division. I don't really know of any studies specifically that looks at what growth hormone does to tumor tissue. This is just this just theoretical. And the only study that we know, that actually looked at what growth hormone did was it was Tessa Morellen in AIDS patients that had Kaposi sarcoma. And that actually reduced the Kaposi sarcoma load. So, you know, so even that is is to be questioned, you know, we don't necessarily mean this is we're stimulating our body's ability to do what it normally does. And giving growth hormone is is what we made a lot of when we were young. When we were young, we could fight off a lot of disease, we could fight off cancer, you know, so it makes sense that this may be able to help fight those things off in adulthood too. Yeah, no, I totally agree with you. And I've seen just such impressive results with peptides, I know like you as well. Any new and upcoming ones that we might want to be thinking about or on the radar? Yeah, there's a there's a lot of you know, a lot of what's on the on the radar is looking at cellular senescence and mitochondrial efficiency. Like five and one of the yeah, yeah, everything seems to be pointing to the to that sort of link the bridge between nucleus and the mitochondria and the rest of the and how that communicates with the rest of the cell. So all there's a whole list of mitochondrial peptides, there's MOS, MOTSC, there's five Amino 1MQ, there's the Fox, whether you were talking about Fox 04, you know, these are these are peptides that are designed to and then there's also something called human in which is really interesting that you know, these all these are designed to bring health back to mitochondria and make them into these really powerful energy producing organelles and then help it communicate with the rest of the body and the nucleus effectively and efficiently. And there's so many ways it's being done. I mean, one of them looks at the bioelectric current in the inner membrane and and fix it, you know, puts these peptides into place to make it even more bioelectrically make the act the potential more bioelectrically, you know, stronger. And you know, so if you imagine that, you know, is if we're going to close our eyes and visualize this, I mean, that's that's a really powerful sort of image of something that's electrically moving along the surface of our organelles. I guess that's just the artist to me talking, but I love it because I did just so fascinating to see like the potential of some of these therapies are really powerful. I have a young woman who has a kind of a unknown cause of cardiomyopathy. And with peptides, we've seen some massive reversal, the 40 something year old dentist, you know. And I'm assuming you've seen some of the same kinds of things is really at the level of the heart is probably the biggest purveyor of mitochondria and energy. Yeah, brain, right? So I'm assuming with heart kinds of conditions, you're looking at mitochondrial peptides, because that's where the power is. Yeah, definitely. Yeah. How exciting that we have these. So I'm getting a few questions on the Facebook on fish oil and thoughts because that went all different ways. I know we use it. What's your thoughts on EPA, DHA benefits for brain and heart? Do you still use them? Yeah, I do. Yeah, I don't use supplements unless unless they're really indicated and DHA, EPA is definitely one of those that I do recommend still. It helps triglycerides, it high doses, important fundamental building blocks for brain health, important for our hormones, because we use the fats to make our hormones. And EPA and DHA are great. I do would say I would like to make a caveat that Omega sixes are also important too, you know. And the linoleic acid is also an anti-inflammatory Omega six and we need that to help membrane health. So Omega three is definitely very important and very healthy. Don't forget the Omega sixes and a great source is evening primrose. You can get that pretty, get that pure and it can help augment the Omega threes. Especially if you have eczema or some of the skin conditions, asthma, eczema, atopic stuff, typically GLA is deficient. And it's interesting, arachidonic acid is a metabolite of an inflammatory pathway of fatty acids, so we don't want that high. Sometimes fish oil can bring that down. Have you ever seen arachidonic acid low and is there anything you would do if it was too low related to fish oil or I don't know, but if you've ever come across that? I haven't really seen it that much. I mean, because most of the time, you know, fish oil is something that's so ubiquitous right now and most people take it. They take it as a sort of just as a reflex. In fact, what I see is the other way, other end where arachidonic acid is often too high and it suppresses the use of the Omega sixes and of the ability of the Omega sixes to leak, to get into the cell and try and improve membrane health. Awesome. So what are some of the any upcoming things that you've seen that you feel like might be really game changing and cardiovascular disease, especially in the realm of integrative and functional medicine and tips or tricks? Well, you know, I'm still working on getting people to want to take the estrogen, you know, and then the trick is to combine that with with the peptides. And there's a lot of peptides that help, they help insulin sensitivity and they also help, they also help the lean body mass. And so, you know, there's one that is used by Big Pharma called Victoza and used to be, it used to be available as via compounding pharmacists. It's not anymore, but in patients with diabetes or even if we can get it approved, you don't have to have diabetes and it's a great medication to use because it can actually help vascular health significantly. It can reduce intimomedial thickening, which is, you know, when we get older and we have, if we have hypertension or we have aged vascular anatomy, it gets thicker and getting thicker is a sign where it gets stiffer and then promotes hypertension. Well, well, Victoza or their Glutide is one of the few medications that's actually shown that it can reduce intimomedial thickness and help, help them, you know, the insulin metabolism very well. So, so by reduce, it can reduce the effect of hypertension and, you know, improve vascular health. So I think being able to add that and use that more liberally is something that I that is something that I'm trying to do when I can with patients. It's, it's difficult because it's an injectable and it's an inexpensive medication. I love that you're talking about lyrical glutide. I wrote an article a few months ago on lyrical glutide. It's a GLP1 agonist and what I wrote about was, yeah, it's for diabetes, but if you look at the studies on lung function, heart function, diabetic reversal, insulin resistance, et cetera, et cetera, there's so many different areas and acts on so many different tissues. So it's very pleotrophic in its nature and how powerful. And you talk about self, self senolence. Same thing.  So I'm a huge fan and for me, my population is a lot of environmental toxicity and mold related illness. And what I see there, men and women, they will get toxic mold exposure and then go right into a very severe leptin resistance. So they'll have 20, 30, 40, 50 pounds of weight gain, no change in activity. They're not quite diabetic or they'll even start to become metabolically resistant and insulin resistance because of the toxic exposure and their healthy weight and their exercising and their eating right and they can't lose weight. So that weight resistance, that weight loss resistance, that leptin resistance is just a sign that metabolically they've got some dysfunction. And it's because those toxins hit the leptin receptors on the cells and basically block the ability to burn fat. So I found leyrical glutide to be a huge reversal agent for that. But like you said, the difficulty is it's very expensive and we used to be able to compound it now to get it approved is really difficult. So that's always my rate limiting factor and using it as if the patient can afford it or if we can find a way to get it. But I love it and I feel like I love using it off label for these other indications because it really does work. And with peptides, it's amazing. So I love the image in that. Yeah, I mean, there's a lot of valid on label uses. I mean, it's indicated for weight loss. It is for obesity and for diabetes and for, yeah, so that's exciting. Well, any last bits of tips or advice or so if patients are looking for a more integrative approach, you are taking new patients, right? Fantastic. And where's your office out? Is it Denver? It's south of Denver in Englewood. Okay, fantastic. Where can people find you? What's your website? Yeah, but my website is interlinkedmd.com. So that's i-n-t-e-r-l-i-n-k-e-d-m-d.com. Awesome. And I'm going to make sure you guys that we have those links posted so you can jump right on there interlinkedmd.com. Thank you so much for your time today. It's so fun to talk to you about peptides and heart health and all of these things. Any other bits of just basic advice for the patient who has heart disease, who's struggling even with their conventional doctor, where could they get started? What would you recommend if they maybe don't have someone like you yet in their corner? What are some of the very basics that they should be doing? The basic things they can do are start with, well, make sure they're taking their omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and magnesium. Those are the three big ones that, those are the three big ones I would recommend for heart health. And then start, make sure you're walking after dinner or after, you know, get up and walk around, move around a little bit. You don't have to be, you don't have to be going to a gym, but improving how your body metabolizes your food right after you eat is one of the most important things you can do. So after you eat, do not sit down and watch TV. If you've got a yard, go outside, do some yard work. If you have, if you can go for a walk, then go for a walk. But that's probably the first most important thing you can do because that will help your body metabolize the sugar better. And then it'll give you a little bit of, you know, time to get at it. It'll give you a little bit of fitness too. But movement is so important. Yeah. Oh, that's a great advice. And I'm assuming then you don't want to do like the sumo wrestlers and eat and then go straight to bed either, right? Oh, fantastic. Unless your job depends on, their job depends on it. Yeah, exactly. Well, thank you so much for your time. It has been a pleasure to have you. We'll have to do this again. And yeah, thanks for having me. You're welcome.


Studying Romeo and Juliet? Here's how you can analyze that for scene one. The scene opens with Paris and for our Lawrence talking about Paris's upcoming marriage to Juliet. We can see that he's really irritated at how much Juliet seems to be mourning and weeping Tybalt's death. For our Lawrence realizes that the wedding is going to happen really soon and he speaks directly to us as the audience showing that he's uneasy about marrying Paris and Juliet. Juliet then enters and we can see that whilst Paris is really excited about the upcoming wedding Juliet doesn't seem very keen. We can see that there's an emotional disconnect between Paris and Juliet. Paris speaks using alliteration as he questions Juliet whether she's come to make a confession to Fyre Lawrence. Paris mildly criticizes Juliet for crying so much and we can see here that he's being really patronizing. He speaks using the iron bake pentameter to show that he's quite impatient with her sadness. Fyre Lawrence then uses the confession as an excuse to ask Paris to leave him and Juliet alone. Once Paris leaves Juliet is desperate and she speaks in this exclamatory sentence telling Fyre Lawrence that she doesn't know what she's going to do. Fyre Lawrence is really compassionate. He tells Juliet that he knows exactly what she's going through and he feels really sorry for her. Where still he knows that Juliet is going to be married on Thursday so she has no time to even get over her grief from losing Romeo. We can see that Juliet is desperate to come up with a plan. She turns to Fyre Lawrence as he's the only person who understands her position and can help her. She repeats the noun knife twice to state that if he can't help her she's going to kill herself. Fyre Lawrence is worried and he speaks using caesura to tell Juliet not to act so fast he's gonna come up with a solution. Juliet is frantic. She speaks using listing to say that rather than marrying Paris she'd rather do anything else. She'd rather stay with snakes, be among roaring bears or even live in a graveyard than marry him. Fyre Lawrence comes up with a plan. He tells Juliet to go home and act as if she's happy to marry Paris. Fyre Lawrence then gives Juliet a strong sleeping potion and he tells her that when she gets to bed she should drink it and that should put her in a deep slumber. He speaks using this metaphor to say that once she's drunk this potion she's literally gonna look as if she is dead. He then speaks in iambit pentameter to say that her family will then think she's dead and they will bury her where all the capillettes are buried. He will then tell Romeo about this plan via letter and Romeo will come from Mantua to rescue Juliet and they will run away back to Mantua. Juliet is really excited about this plot and she speaks using repetition as well as a sandwichy sentences to say that she can't wait to get the potion so that she can get this plan underway. Fyre Lawrence is really happy to have found a solution and he promises that he's going to give a Fyre a letter and this Fyre will be his messenger and he'll send this letter to Romeo in Mantua.


Come on by to Jerry's Partisan Pizza, Austin's only pizza shop that delivers free pizza exclusively to Texas's Jerry-managed 37 voting district. Why is the district shaped like a corrupt politician, Druitt? Because they did! To cut certain voters out and guarantee they win elections. Gotta love the fresh taste of democracy and decline. Live outside the 37 district, stay home. Nobody cares what you are. We're franchising legal corruption in locations all across the country. Voting number one best pizza by my handpicked customer. You want to the best pizza in town! Tell the man he's cousin's nephew's uncle's brother Jerry sent you.


couple starts. Let's get the break down from Cole post game. Hey Garrett Aaron Boone made the the point that he thought there were some close pitches that you didn't get the calls for just how inconsistent did you think the strike zone was for you today and how much that affects you. It's a tough question to answer. I think I think that I think that when it's all said and done there's too many fast balls above the zone that had an opportunity to press the corners and that was probably the pitch I was most consistent with missing large and you know commanding that better maybe doesn't make some of the questionable calls quite so magnified. Maybe I put myself in a better position there. You know but as players we just try to control what we can control and you know however frustrating it may be just try not to let it affect you and you know I was just trying to do my best at that today. You look at that homerun from Meadows there in the fourth inning where were you trying to go with that pitch was it just left up a little bit more than you would have liked. Yeah I was trying to go down and away with it. I think the pitch is relatively defined not as down or away as we wanted it but quality pitch I think probably the bigger issue was just misread. You know I beat him at the top of the zone with the fastball and then I had gone back inside with a pretty decent pitch even inside of the strike zone and he was he was late again. And you know in the end it was a misread and a good pitch with a better swing and you know a really talented player. So I think those things are going to happen from time to time. We just try to you know just try to make the correct read I guess next time the opportunity presents itself. You look at both the fourth and the fifth inning where you are hurt a little bit both lead off walks in those innings when you look back at that does it frustrate you that those eventually come back to hurt you. Yeah I yeah those are frustrating. You know again I'm not sure if those two at bats had you know I mean talked about a lot of fastballs that were non-competitive you know kind of non-competitive just underneath the ball a little bit today but I thought that we you know I thought that we made some really good pitches in both of those at bats and you know just continued to you know get some soft contact that you know again just didn't go our way and I mean I just yeah the intent is not to walk guys and and to come out and fire strikes and pressure the corners and you know I just going to have to do a better job of that in those situations.


Hello everyone, welcome to Looking to the East, our twice monthly show, which takes a look at world events, world activities, from the Japan perspective, the Asia perspective. And today, fortunately, we're also looking at the topic from a European perspective, as we have Dr. Paul Scott, with us on this show from Paris, France. So this is a repeat of a show that we did six or seven months ago, looking at the Biden presidency. And specifically at that time, we were looking at the nomination of Rahm Emanuel as ambassador. So we all decided after that show that we would get together again after six or seven months of the presidency and begin to take a look at how Biden is doing from our collective perspectives. So we have four very distinguished professors and professionals with us. Very briefly, Jerry Miseki is coming from Osaka, and he's a partner, a Kitahama partners, Kansai Gaidae graduates. So that is a link for all of us on the show today. We have S.Y. Kim, who's a professor of international relations, and he specializes on Japan-U.S. diplomacy. So he's joining us also from the Kansai Gaidae area from Osaka. And we have Johnson Portu, also a professor of political science, living in the Osaka area as well. And last, as I mentioned before, we have Professor Emeritus of Kansai Gaidae, an icon within the Kansai Gaidae system itself, Professor Paul Scott. He's joining us from Paris, France. So let's go ahead and jump right into it. I guess the first thing we can take a look at is a Biden from a domestic perspective, at least as you guys are looking out into the country. He seems to have focused quite a bit of his attention, his energy, on reforming and recovering from the COVID recession slash depression that we've experienced in the last few years or so. I admittedly am more of a progressive, so I have email news sources that I read there, and they're delighted with what he has done. I think they're collectively surprised at how progressive Biden has been with his legislation and his approach. So why don't I just throw it out to you guys, if you have any comments on whether or not from your perspective the domestic agenda that Biden has put forth in the last six to seven months is something that you've seen is a positive for him, a positive for the country, and then I guess maybe a positive for the world, for wherever you're sitting. Jerry, why don't I start with you? I'll call on you, like I do in my class. Sure, no problem. Yeah, thank you very much Steve, pleasure to be with you. I think that, you know, domestically probably his biggest success so far has been with infrastructure. You know, I think that that is something that he has pushed and that will for him long term assuming they can get it through Congress is going to be the most probably lost longest lasting impact of perhaps his presidency, we'll see. I mean, I think that is something that for those living in the United States, everyone sees and understands really on both sides of the political spectrum that infrastructure rebuilding reform is necessary. So, you know, I think that has been a very big success. I, you know, what is good and what I also think that has been positive for him is that he's maintained his, his moderate base, right, which is sort of the middle between the far left and the far right in the United States. And as you mentioned, as is winning over progressives, right. As far right, I don't know that he, you know, the Trumpists and people like that. I don't know that he's ever going to be able to, to connect with with with them, but the fact that he's, you know, got the middle, and is also, you know, over progressives I think is is a very positive sign. You know, we'll see. He has had some some issues, particularly with Afghanistan that I guess we'll we'll discuss later that is right international matter, but but does affect him domestically as well I think at least as far as public perception goes. Any other comments from any of you. I think I will also admit one level of bias that I have, and that is that I am radically moderate over from all the chaos. It's actually quite difficult to isolate success. This is by Biden without some noise from the previous presidency. So even if you're trying to isolate, you know, economic growth oftentimes is just wait until the second year of a second term to be able to see what is the actual the actual effect. So it's difficult to say how successful he's been isolating his his effect, but just the the tone down chaos, I think has had a has had a tremendously influential effect and not just domestically but also about how other the US the US right now. Yeah, I think that's a very good point, John. So I feel that personally to under the blast administration almost daily. There was some kind of issue or topic that would come up that was just just so difficult to understand. I began to tune it all out into the third and fourth year but still there's a sense of calm right now because we have a more stable leader than we have previously. How do things look from Paris. Well, in an old East Coast liberal would think that there might be some problems with Mr Biden's credibility and his management skills. The polls are down drastically. I don't know if he had the worst August in presidential history but it certainly wasn't any good and it's not, not getting any better as well. Here in Europe. There's the opposite of what you are saying. Actually, where this this deal with Australia and the French ambassador was recalled from Washington I think it might be the first time that has ever happened. And people here are saying that the Americans are not a reliable partner and that Biden is as bad as Trump. That is maybe just the French being anti Anglo Saxon I read the French press right before this, and they were rallying against the English and the Americans. But it was the deal of the century 66 billion dollars and again we're going into international international relations but there certainly is in Europe, a credibility issue with the Biden administration, because he didn't communicate. He left the French out of the dark in the dark with this. So, that communication issue. I think is is a is a latent problem with the Biden administration. Let's go ahead. That's why please. Yeah, if we had a bit historical example, in terms of the requirements to deal with both foreign challenge like rise of China and withdraw from Afghanistan. There was domestic problems that I call it and infrastructure be his presence reminds me of earlier president like Franklin, the Roosevelt or Harry Truman, both of whom had to circle with those foreign policy requirement like World War two and Cold War, and that domestic need to invest and revive. And as Paul rightly pointed out for that, it needs greater leadership skill and communication skill to assure allies and the domestic audiences, that's going to seem to be not sufficiently enough. Although he has been doing pretty positive work in my point of view, as non American point of view in Asia. Yeah, Steve also if I could just say one of the things that we should also talk about domestically what maybe one of the biggest things he's done at least in the past a month or so where the COVID mandates which is basically he's he's said that if from the federal government that if you have over 100 employees.  Yeah, that I agree with you Jerry that is a major point. I know Paul I know France has been doing that for quite a while issuing mandates on this. So, but the United States it's such a politicized issue because primarily because of the previous administration. Well everything is you know public health has become politicized unfortunately, but everything right become politicized and you know America is still extremely politicized. Here in France are anti vaccine mandate marches every week. But France's vaccination rate is close to 65%. For those above 12 for those above 12 years old, the vaccination rate must be in the about 85%. Wow. So, you don't have to be vaccinated, but then you need a COVID test, which you have to pay for yourself. And you can't get in a restaurant and you can't get in a public space without without the past and every place I've gone to it's on my it's on my iPhone it's on my cell phone. They asked for it, because the fine for restaurants is 9,000 euro. Yes, or 45 days in jail. So that's really help. No that is the power of the states to say, yeah, get vaccinated and Francis COVID numbers are are drastically down. And by the way, I'm teaching in the classroom as of last week. Wow. Yeah, we're not here in kind of say guy day we're still online at this point. So I guess it in summary, it seems we have a fairly even though it's early as Johnson points out, we have a fairly positive review of Biden but with one specific weakness and that's his lack of communication. I think, you know, if you watched him over the election process as well, he's not a smooth speaker. He's not all that convincing. I mean, I think he's believable. This is when you watch him, you think, you know, he's a decent guy, but I would never put him. I hate to say this guys, but, you know, I wouldn't put him in the same persuasive category as our former president because Trump is as crazy as he was. He did have a certain way of communicating that was effective for large parts of the society. So I don't know if he can change that or if what you're critiquing is him himself in terms of his communication facility or his willingness to speak up. Remember during the election, there were times when he disappeared and the Republicans were saying he was in the basement. Remember, that was one of the critiques. So that may be a liability of this particular individual that may be with us through the course of the term.  And, you know, it's going to be, it's going to be by deficit spending. So there's a deficit issue, which may be the bond markets care about more than the average citizen. And we don't want to, as a registered Democrat, we don't want to get into this tax and spend Democrats criticism, but it's an awful lot of money. So I think there's going to be a lot of political wheeling and dealing this week. Oh, sorry.  No, no, you didn't. One thing, I think this approach, especially in terms of the economic, or the COVID spending basically that that makes sense from a change in kind of counter cyclical spending. So in times of bust, you pump money in in times of plenty, you take money out. So even I've been getting COVID relief for my three kids, even though I'm not in the United States, and that actually makes sense, because people in my demographic are spending more money than they actually have. Right. So that's going to have, hopefully eventually it's going to have a positive effect on the overall health of the economy. So just from a kind of strict Keynesian approach, it seems like it makes sense. Of course, there are some people on the other side, supply side that might might think differently. So I think the answer to all these questions is, it's pretty complex. Okay, let's move to international and when I thought about that as I mentioned in the agenda that I sent out to you all I think the biggest topic there is the withdrawal from Afghanistan. So I think everybody even on the conservative side of the spectrum recognize that 20 years was long enough. So Biden I think was given credit for finally pulling the trigger, so to speak on withdrawing from that country, but the withdrawal itself was rough to say the least. But what's your perspective on that is, do you think that in the long term the fact that he's withdrawn from us from Afghanistan will be to his larger credit or the fact that it was done in such a chaotic way will be a part of his legacy as well. Oh, I know you have a very strong opinion about it. Well, I have a very strong opinion. I worked in Afghanistan twice and I do believe that that, you know, I don't like sort of nervous when people are saying that we shouldn't do nation building or state building and I'm thinking well it's a, what do, you know, how do we do it correctly. You know, don't we help try to help countries become more, more democratic and next, you know, that's that's a very long, very long conversation. Yeah, I was, I was certainly, you know, everyone was disappointed but what I was going to say is it's the messaging again. This is not going to be like Saigon. The, this is Biden speaking, you know, the Afghan National Army, you know, we train them and, and they can fight and you know they have an Air Force and I'm sort of, if I had more hair to pull out of my head when Biden was saying this, I would pull it out because the Afghan had Afghans had almost no Air Force. They were planes have to be serviced that was done by contractors, and it's extremely difficult to do air to ground operations. It was, I don't know, did he believe this. And then of course we have, we have the almost the helicopter on the roof of the American Embassy so that's a credibility issue that, you know, from Mr. Biden is, you know, he could have just said, this is going to be rough. And, but the messaging was terrible. And even, even if he had said it was going to be rough, it shouldn't have been as rough as it actually was.  I think that that what probably should have been done and I think a lot of people as you said Steve, on the conservative as well as the liberal side said look, it's 20 years time to get out fine. But it was how it's done or how it was done that I think is probably the biggest issue for people. And I personally think that this, and again, not that it was done but how it was done and images that came out of that are going to have a very long lasting negative impact on the United States around the world going forward.  So, look, Afghanistan was not Biden's failure. And I think anyone who sort of followed the course of that Afghan war would realize that that Biden is one in a long line of presidents who did not handle Afghanistan properly. But unfortunately, his name will be associated with the botched withdrawal. That's why what what do you think how do you how would you put this in context. Yeah, in terms of big picture by the administration had a few other alternative and then Trump administration made a more, you know, greater commitment for earlier withdrawal. All issues about prioritizing, although the present own belief influence this quick decision to prioritize wise America's faced with real need to geostrategic rebalancing to deal with the rise of China. And then also domestic issues are urgent as well. It reminds me of earlier historic cases like during 1970s or early Cold War, when America really tried to ship the gear by prioritizing vital areas, while sometimes abandoning peripheral areas as George cannot has stated. Right. So it was somewhat inevitable. But the method and there was to implement this withdrawal, there should be have been more pragmatic approach and realistic assessment. As Paul pointed out, the capability of Afghan army, but when America also withdraw, it's rough. If you're in the receiving side, I remember that as I'm historian of international history politics, and not to mention Vietnam but when America, America tried to withdraw out of Korea completely in 1970s. To that made South Korea to develop nuclear weapon then America slowly down. Right. And the other earlier cases. So we should take all these things into balance and the strategic restraint is inevitable required. In that sense, big picture wise is correct. There should have been more pragmatic approach to reduce the damage on American prestige and Chris credibility. And countries like China, which is not rising, it has risen. How do they react to this? Do they believe their own propaganda that America is unreliable, untrustworthy and and a declining power. You know, people have done that before. It's extremely dangerous to underestimate that. I would add on this point that this kind of naked application of in terms of grand strategy geopolitics, let Afghan be taking care of other powers or let internal new kind of order emerge after America left. Let's wait. They're really bloodshed. And also America cannot take care of every country around the world, as we demonstrate in the case of non intervention to Syria. It may be a lot of short term complaint and critique, but in the longer term new order emerge and it can become China's opportunity or nightmare. Russia or China would come. America would stay away. In a sense, China has been benefiting the kind of stability in Afghanistan during the last 20 years while America will take care of that. This is kind of naked rather frank balance of power game. So that's what America's strategy is chose even during Clinton and Trump era. That's why I said it's going to grand stretch wise. There are a few other alternative. America could drain its resources there. Johnson, would you like to make a comment about this issue? Yeah, I think that Biden inherited, President Biden inherited a really, really bad situation. And if we're talking about what Dr Scott had mentioned about state making and state building. I remember George W. Bush having said, basically, look, we did this in Japan. Therefore, we can do this in Iraq and Afghanistan, which, which probably if he had taken my class, he would know that's not something. Because basically what was the difference there? Well, in the case of Japan, you had Meiji, you had Taisho, and you had you had a population which demanded democracy were in the case of Afghanistan. You didn't see that after 20 years. So go ahead. Sorry. And Japan happened to surrender. Oh, yeah. So we're, we're fortunately running up against time here. This is so interesting to talk to you all. But I want to address actually what S. Y. With CNN and Paul as well. The domestic issues we've discussed and then the Afghanistan withdrawal certainly took up a great deal of Biden's focus and his energies and his administration. But is that at the expense of Asia? My sense is that we have an ambassador now who's been nominated for Japan finally and we're not going to have time unfortunately to talk about that. But in the larger scheme of things is, is Asia being overlooked? Is, is Biden focusing properly on the economic hub of the world and addressing the risen China issue? Is he missing an opportunity here or missing an obligation? Frankly, that's kind of the way I look at it. I don't think any U. S. President should not be thinking about Asia every day. But I'm biased. What do you guys think? I don't know that there's a lot of evidence he's ignoring Asia. I mean, I think that in recent months and certainly since the beginning of his term, he's had of a lot of other things to to worry about either domestically or or other places. Of course, Afghanistan is in Asia. That's an Asian problem as well. So I guess if we're talking about East Asia, if we're talking about Japan, if we're talking about China, I don't think that he's necessarily ignoring Asia. I don't see a lot of evidence of that. I think he has been rather dealing with the East Asian security issues fairly well. The biggest challenge has been China's more assertive labor operation and behaving in South China Sea, which threatened not just the United States, but all Asian neighbors, too, America's allies in East Asia. And to do that, Biden has been marching up alliance support cooperation with Japan fairly well, bringing Japan to make commitment to the defense of Taiwan as well in the spring when Mr. Suga, Prime Minister Suga visited Washington DC. And South Korea, with South Korea as well, the alliance cooperation has been pretty well coordinated in dealing with the challenge posed by ever assertive North Korea. And Taiwan is well embraced and Australia is fully kind of embraced by American-led alliance. Although France as Paul must have noticed has been very alienated, deeply resentful. Overall, Asia diplomacy and strategy-wise, Biden administration deserves some credit, in my view, compared with his predecessor. Greater credibility and predictability. That's a low bar, S.Y., that you just stated there. Well, it's the defense of Taiwan and freedom of navigation in the seas in the South China Sea. Those are core issues. And I think that a submarine deal with Australia, you know, 16 nuclear submarines, not ballistic missile submarines, but they're not going to change the balance. But it certainly shows that the Biden administration and his head of China policy, who wrote a book on the blue water naval capability of China. This is all driven by Chinese expansion at the maritime levels. And I think people are looking at that threat very, very real in Washington and around Asia. Very, very real threat of China militarily. All right.  On his Asia activity administration, maybe my worries were ill-conceived. Johnson, do you have any last comment? We only have about a minute or so left.  I think in terms of the probability of war in Asia under Biden, it's actually gone down. And part of that is, I think, more transparent diplomacy, although not perfect, obviously. And also increasing economic ties. I think those two things are going to make already a very low probability of war actually even less. So I think that is a positive trajectory. I agree. Okay. You all agree with that? All right, guys. Well, I guess it's nice to end on a positive note there. And I'm pleased that you've disagreed with my question here that you actually see the Biden administration doing a competent job in Asia. Hopefully that will continue through the course of his administration. All right. Well, that went by very quickly. Again, thank you so much for all four of you for participating. Those of you that enjoy this program, ThinkTech is constantly looking for economic support. So please contact the ThinkTech website. And you can contribute and mention this show. And that will reflect positively on this particular episode and my series overall. I'll be back on air in a couple of weeks. I'm hoping to interview a former Consul General of the United States to Japan. That's my plan at the moment. Thanks, guys. Really appreciate it. Thanks, Paul, for staying up late in Paris. I know it's late. You look very awake, so very bright. I appreciate it. And thank you, guys, for waking up early in Japan. That's it. Thank you, everyone. Bye-bye.


This is a going to be a quick video Kind of messy just want to point something out real quick that I found odd This is a MacBook Pro from the mid 2009. It's my sister's she's having issues with it running real slow And the hard drive was full up So I decided I told her I'd clear out back up her photos and clear them out the operating system was running so slow I decided to boot into Linux. So Obviously I can boot off a CD. No problem I pop a CD in or DVD in and when I boot I hold down the C key it boots to the CD Running off a CDs rather slow It's still faster than the operating system that's on the Mac already, but it was still kind of slow starting stuff up So I want to do a you know USB boot which supposedly you can do and I have two flash drives here One that plugged in there right now and this one this they're both Linux Mint 17.3 one I made is a Fat partition and I used unit booting to create it which seems to be the way tutorials say to do it And then I also have this one where I just deed over the ISO. So it's it's an ISO format So I boot the computer I hold down option should give me all my bootable Drives does not see either of these flash drives Well, I accidentally left one of these flash drives in and Put in the CD or the DVD to boot again so I Put that in I'll power down the computer doesn't matter which one of the flash drives. I have whether it's the ISO or the fat Partition turn that on when I hear the tone. I Press C Now if the CD is not in there if DVD is not in there I can hold down C with either of these USB drives in there nothing happens, but with the Linux Mint 17.3 DVD in there It takes a minute. I pressed that You can hear it spinning up the disc. It's booting the disc But somewhere along the boot process when Linux Mint is booting It stops looking at the DVD and then boots off the USB drive doesn't matter again, which won't either one of these it does Which I found very interesting. I can't boot either of these USB drives Without the DVD but the DVD isn't designed to boot the USB drive the DVD is designed to boot itself So here we go. It's it's gonna start up. It's spinning up. It's gonna say, you know, I'm actually starting 10 seconds I just click start Linux Mint, but it must be the CD when it's booting it must rescan the drives for the image to boot from But you know the boot loader here is running in memory now and it finds the USB drive even though I'm not telling it to it finds it over booting from the DVD So once I get in there It's running a lot smoother a lot faster because I'm booting off the USB drive rather than DVD and I can eject the drive No problem the the CD drive obviously if I pull out the flash drive it starts going haywire So I just wanted to do a quick video on this. I gotta bring this laptop back now I you don't have much time to to play with it on that But I just found that really interesting because the disc is not supposed to do that You should be able to boot just off the USB drive or off a CD But the CD or DVD is booting the USB drives for me Kind of like plot Linux would but it's not designed to do that Has anyone else experienced this does anyone else know how I can boot these USB drives without the DVD on a on a Mac computer the again, this is a MacBook Pro from 2009 when I looked up the model number on it it said under You know preferences or whatever. It's just said mid 2009. I guess they don't have like real You know model numbers. It's just MacBook Pro from whatever time You know everything works out of the box. I just have to enable the wireless drivers They're they're already here on links that are disabled by default Yeah, the only thing I can think of and again, I didn't really read through all the The you know step-by-step for creating the USB drives for a Mac machine But they said that it should be a fat and partition and you can use unit boot in which this drive is made out of The only thing I can think is maybe You know the headers for the partition it's set to boot, but maybe it needs to be different for a Mac I didn't have time to look that up Comment below if you know for sure because I would love to have one of these flash drives available in case I have to do This again, I don't have to have the CD Yeah, I just found it weird thought I make a quick video on it. Thanks for watching. I hope you have a great day One more question, you know, because I'm not that familiar With everything on a Mac. First of all, I want to show you forgot to show you this I can go into here and I can eject the CD-ROM drive And you'll see everything keeps running. I can open up other programs like firefox even though I'm not connected to the internet So just wanted to show you that but also want to ask you is there any way to eject a CD-ROM from a MacBook Pro other than This button here because this button here only seems to work once you're inside the the Apple operating system Obviously in Linux, I can go and click and eject but there's no, you know, a regular Regular laptop has a button you click as soon as the power is on you can eject it, you know So I have a problem with this is like turn off this computer I go off I forgot to take the CD out and I've got to boot all the way into an operating system just to eject the CD Am I right in thinking that that's just like most things on an Apple computer just extremely poor design Or is there a way to eject the CD without having to boot into the operating system first because I can press this all All day long during the boot process even into the macOS and until I get to the login screen I can't eject the drive. So Just asking because I don't know just seems like a very poor design to me But maybe there's something I don't know And if you know, let me know in the comments below. Thanks again for watching also real quick another thing even though I haven't installed the proprietary drivers that are available for the The video card in here comp is seems to work great. I got scaling of windows I've got my wobbly windows and you know the 3d cube spinning everything seems to be working great And even though this machine is you know, seven years old at this point with only two gigs of RAM Everything works great out of the box, you know again The only thing I have to do is enable the Wi-Fi drivers, but they are available already on Linux Mint 17.3 You