On the show this morning we will be looking at Nassima's challenge to Tinibu on SMEs, private sector driven economy. We'll also be taking a look at the success rate of small businesses in the Nigerian environment. Good morning and welcome to the breakfast. My name is Nyam Gul Aghaji. It's a pleasure to have you join us. We can understand what a lot of people are passing through. I'm sure that the viewership today will even be more because so many people will be sitting at home and it's not because they chose to but some of them because they have not been paid their monthly salary because it's delaying because of a lot of challenges that even the employers of labor are facing they do not even have the money to go to work because whatever they had budgeted for the month as transportation is now nothing to write home about. Maybe money that should have taken you for one full week will now be money that will take you for one day or two days because the transportation or the fares have gone up. So many things happening now because of this fuel subsidy removal. Of course we'll be looking at the headlines also on the program today and I'm sure a lot of things will be also tied to the fuel subsidy removal. While people are commending or were calling for the fuel subsidy removal it seems as if a lot of people didn't see the consequences of the removal at least the immediate consequences of the removal. For a country that has just, will I use the word suffered, cash crunch which put a lot of people in trouble. A lot of people suffered a lot of damages and lost a lot of things because of the cash crunch that came up just before the elections and then now we're suffering this again. And a lot of people are asking the questions why would in an open economy why would prices be set for a commodity by a body that should be like a regulatory body or something you're setting prices that this is what it's supposed to be. A few moments ago, a few days ago, a few weeks ago there was this general complaint that the airlines should not have put a uniform price for whatever the fares should be because it's an open market let the market forces be the ones to drive whatever the price is going to be but they put a uniform price and they said that was not acceptable. The government itself said that was not acceptable. Now NNPC has put their own price and even a filling station that may have thought that okay, till the end of June let me do what I'm supposed to do as a patriotic Nigerian and let my pump price be the same till the end of June that we know the fuel subsidy removal will actually kick off. They will also borrow a leaf from what should have been like a government and do the needful. So right now, as we speak, the lowest filling station in Nigeria is selling fuel for 500 Naira at least the ones that we know. The ones that we do not know that may be selling less than that. Bravo to you, congratulations. You have earned our respect as patriotic Nigerians who think that they should do the best for the citizenry. A lot of people were going back yesterday and they knew they would not be coming to work today because of the kind of things they met.  This morning also people woke up, went to the roads. I saw some people turning back and once the prices told them that this is what you're going to pay to a particular place that you're going to they just turned back, dejected knowing that they may lose that job because they don't even have the money. And then others that are strong enough are trekking. But how far can you trek? A lot of people live in Moewe and they come to work on the island every day because houses in Lagos are not affordable. A lot of people come from so many other places that are far but at least they knew or they know all the time that they can always have a vehicle to take them here. Right now those vehicles are not available anymore because no fuel. So there are fewer vehicles on the road, there are more people on the road and then employers of labour I just hope that you will understand with a lot of people. Today we do business because it's a Thursday. Thursday we zero in on the things that we can glean from the business world and educate ourselves and try to find out solutions to the kind of problems that we may have in our economy. So we'll be having some people join us later on on the show to talk on these issues that I've talked about. Nasima is challenging Tinubu on SMEs and private sector driven economy and we're also looking at how small businesses in Nigerian environment have succeeded so far and all that. So did I even tell you my name? My name is Nyam Gul Agadji and I'm home alone today because of obvious reasons we're glad that at least we could connect today. So when you go into the social media space you go into the internet and you want to look at the stories you find one particular story about Trump. Trump is a former American president vying for the position again. He was ousted by Joe Biden who is now the president of America who is also still trying to recontest the election to be president. We also found out that Mike Pence, a former vice president is also in the race, has thrown his wits inside the race and he wants to run for president as well and a lot of other big names in the American political space. But the story about Trump now is that he has vowed to stop Nigerians and others from getting U.S. birthright citizenship if elected or if re-elected. Now what that means is that a lot of people like in Nigeria you have the opportunity to travel to America and your wife is pregnant or you yourself are just pregnant and you can go to America. You just time it in such a way that when you get to America you just give birth and when you give birth your child automatically becomes an American citizen enjoy the privileges of two citizenships. And so many other things that people do. So Trump is saying that just because you can do that there is no way that you're going to get citizenship anymore. He vows to stop Nigerians and others from getting U.S. birthright citizenship if re-elected. So if he's re-elected you know that you have to give birth to your child in Nigeria or if you're going there it doesn't change anything or except you choose another country to go and give birth to your child to get that country's citizenship for your child and all that. So that's what he is about to do. It's not just Nigeria. I'm calling Nigeria because that's what concerns us in this country. So a lot of people have this dual citizenship because of where they were born. Now federal government meets NLC over fuel subsidy removal. The federal government has met the Nigerian Labor Congress they had a meeting yesterday, Nigerian Labor Congress, TUC and the federal government. But according to the federal government the meeting was very successful but in successful I do not mean that they had solutions. There were no solutions. The federal government didn't give any further details of how successful the meeting was but they said the discussion was very high. The spirits were high and everything but they didn't give the details of what happened. But the TUC and NLC have come out to say that they didn't reach any agreement. Now this is the quarrel of the TUC and NLC that there are no palliatives. There is no road map. There is no clear cut definition of what this fuel subsidy removal actually is and what it would mean to the Nigerian populace. What has the government done so far to make sure that the suffering of the people will not be as high as is being anticipated. And then why did the NNPC just fix price of fuel at a time when the subsidy has not actually been removed because we still have till the end of June and all that. So there were so many questions that the federal government needed to answer but as it stands now they couldn't answer the questions the way NLC and TUC wanted these questions to be answered and the solutions that they wanted for the people of Nigeria, the federal government so far has not been able to give solutions. So where are we in the scheme of things? Every time everybody will be talking about fuel subsidy being a scam that a lot of people have been enjoying. Yeah, we agree. A lot of people who shouldn't be enjoying our common wealth were enjoying the money that they termed fuel subsidy. But right now that it has been removed, how will the Nigerians feel? How will the lives of the Nigerian people improve? What is the road map to making this improved livelihood come to us? Nobody knows anything about this. Things that are going to be discussed or the NLC is trying to discuss with the federal government are things that should have been discussed. Before even the pronouncement was made, that's the argument from a lot of quarters. But right now we do not know whether it's a good thing or a bad thing that is coming to us or whether the same money that was supposed to go for subsidy will have another name on that different subhead and the same people who were enjoying it were going to be enjoying and then will be the worst for it. Okay, we also have another story which is sort of like trending from Abia State. The governor there, Alex Ote, has announced immediate suspension of transport levies in Abia State. Now this is one governor that if he continues the way he is doing right now, he may just be one of the best. I do hope that the spirit that he has started this administration with will still be sustained until the end of this tenure, this four years that he's going to be at the helm of affairs in Abia State. He started by setting up a high level committee, a transition committee comprising people who a lot of experts say that were round pecs and round holes and nothing would be left untouched as they were talking about transition committee. And then when he was sworn in, he had the secretary to the state government already. He had the spokesman for the government. He had some key positions the same day that he was sworn in. And if you start that way, a lot of people will start to build confidence in you. And for any administration, confidence building is a very key factor. Let the people believe what you're doing because they feel or they trust you because of the kind of things you have done before and the things that you say you are going to do. If they trust you, your government is going to be smooth as it is. But how will you let the people trust you by putting the right people in the right places and also being transparent enough for the people to see what is being done in your state, what is being done because of them or by them or for them.  That is not democracy. And that's what we're saying. The role of true leadership in progress of institutions, what is true leadership in the first place and what are these institutions that we talk about all the time. In Nigeria, we say our institutions are not as strong as the individuals. And I keep asking the questions, the question, how can an institution be stronger than individuals if the individuals that shoot superintendent over the institutions rather are not ready to do what they're supposed to do. Is it because of the law? Let's say the judiciary, for instance, the judiciary is there. The law established the judiciary. The law is there. Everything that we need for the judiciary to work is there. It's in the books. But are the people who are supposed to work within that sphere honest enough? Are the people who are supposed to enforce the laws or the judgements from the courts and all that? Are they patriotic enough? Are they disciplined enough? Are they straightforward enough? Are they transparent enough? Are they ready to obey the law and keep to the law? Sometimes you make the laws and you fail keeping the laws. So while we're looking at the role of true leadership in the progress of institutions, how can the true leadership make our institutions better? Okay, let's just take a look at one of the videos that we need you to just see. Thank you very much. Mr. Craig, I have a couple of remarks to make. And it's related to what Professor Lemumba talked about. The first thing is that I think we have a misreading of our own history in Africa. And here is a correction. It wasn't Ghana that was the first country in Africa to become independent. That's wrong. Historically, it's wrong. It was the Sudan that became the first independent post-colonial African country. January 1st, 1956, almost a year earlier than Ghana itself. So that's a correction that we need to give the credit to the Sudan. The second remark I would like to make is that Professor Lemumba celebrated many of our leaders. But retrospectively, if you look at the presidents who have performed the best for the African people, many of the names he mentioned wouldn't rise to the top. We have two countries who have been led incredibly well, but who never or rarely ever get the credit for that. And they are models that we should be all copying. The first one is Seret Sechama of Botswana. President Chama and the late Vice President and then President Misery built a country from scratch. And Botswana became an African miracle. So if we want to know and understand how to build countries, we should look at Botswana as a model. Second country is Mauritius. These two countries, their annual growth, economically speaking, over the last 40 years almost, has been competing on the growth rate with the East Asians of Taiwan and Korea and others like them. Botswana ran 7%, 8%, 10% growth annually. So did Mauritius. The level of corruption in the public sector in Botswana is among the lowest in the continent, if not the world. So is Mauritius. And therefore, Botswana, for instance, has over $10 billion in foreign reserves. No other African country can say that. They didn't go to President Misery or President Chama or those who came after them, their pockets. So these are two countries. We want to see models of Africa that works and Africa that's marching towards prosperity despite inequality in all of us. Those are the two or three places that we need to look at. The final remarks here is that I'm Abdi Samatar from Somalia. This is my first session in Parliament. Somalia is known as a basket case. But I want to give you a two-second history of the country because just like Chama in Botswana and in Mauritius, Somalia did something before any other African country post-independent state. Somalia was the first place in this continent from Cairo to Cape, from Mogadishu to Dakar, where there was a democratic change of government several times in the 1960s when the rest of the continent was wrecked by coups and single-party states. I wrote a book about that called Africa's First Democrats. So don't think of Somalia as al-Shabaab. Think of President Osman and Prime Minister Hussain who set the tone for what it means to be a democratic, free and an African country. So Somalis are Africa's first Democrats. Thank you very much, sir. When I was watching that clip, I was just imagining a people without a history, people who will forget their history because of one thing or the other. In Nigeria, even history was removed from the curriculum and then a lot of people had to shout and shout and shout before it was returned. And even if it was or even when it was returned or when we were still taking history in our schools, what kind of history were we learning? Were we learning that Mongopak was the person who discovered a lot of things? Somebody will come and discover a river in a place where people were already living there and he enters these history books as the first person to discover the river and all that. What kind of history were we studying? Were we studying the history of our fathers and really the people that existed in this entity called Nigeria before the coming of the whites, as it is, or the colonial masters? Or were we studying the history of people who came and colonized us and made a name for themselves and all that? We've heard stories of people who we idolize as people who were role models in those days, pre-colonial times and during colonial times. And we've seen that some of them were really terrible people. But because the history has given them a good name, it means that they are good people. How can we leave the history of our people and concentrate on the people who came to colonize us and gave us a history that is suitable for them? We jettisoned all the things that were tradition. We jettisoned everything that was culture. We jettisoned all the things that were values in the African continent and then took something that was alien to us, hook, line and sinker. The same way we have taken democracy, that doesn't seem to be working in states of Africa. Well, we're glad that that clip was able to tell us some of the things which needed to remember about history, which we just overlooked or just decided not to know anything about. A lot of people thought that it was Ghana that first of all had independence, but right now we know better. A lot of people do not know that in Africa there are those that should be called the first democrats and we didn't know about that. But the crux of the matter is that if you become a leader, what will you be remembered for if you leave the scene? Because everybody must leave the scene. And I always say that whoever never thinks about legacy is one of the most dangerous people on earth.   Like it doesn't matter whatever you do, your life ends when it ends and you don't care what happens after that because other people will come on, take the shoes, wear them and do what they are supposed to do.  That's not the kind of people that we want in our community. So if you need to be a leader, you need to have a mindset that you need to leave a legacy. I'm not talking about legacy projects, building flyovers in a place where there are two cars. That's not what I'm saying. What I'm saying is leaving your people better, leaving a good name that will be remembered for years to come. Today we remember their world wars of yesteryear. We remember the Zeke there, all the people that fought for our independence. They may have their shortcomings but we remember them for what they did, the general picture that they saw and brought to fruition. So now we have in Nigeria, if you are having a political role or any other role for that matter, how are you fitting into that role? How are you doing your best to make sure that when you leave people will remember you? Today we remember our leaders. We've had Obasan Joe, superintendent over the affairs of Nigeria when we returned to democracy in 1999. We also had Yara Dua. We had Jonathan. We've had Buhari. Buhari has left the scene. Now we have Bola Akme Tinobu and we'll still keep having leaders. But in your mind right now, even as I'm mentioning these people, you know who you will think is the best among them. And then you have your ratings for all these leaders. So if you become a leader now, how will people rate you? Everything lies on the table of the person who is leading.  So if you wear the crown, be sure that you're going to face some hardships and all that. But at the end of the day, let the people applaud you when you leave the scene. We've seen presidents that handed over, went their way and they were called by their people to come and take the reins again, even though they didn't want to. These are people who impacted lives.  So don't say the system is bad. It takes one person to change the entire system. Do not say because the system is corrupted, you cannot do your best. Even in this administration, we know people who, in spite of the system or the last administration, in spite of the system that we're doing well, what can you do? Why can't you be one of those people that will be applauding afterwards? Everything that happens in Africa is leadership. And we should stop as leaders being selfish and greedy. That's the major thing. So right now, it's been raining in Lagos. I don't know if that is what was predicted for today. It's been raining in Lagos and maybe some other parts of Nigeria. But for the details of our weather, let us take this weather report.


There's a scientific reason your sibling is the worst version of themselves during the holidays. Things like sleeping in their childhood room, a familiar sin, or even a sound can trigger subconscious traumatic memories that might make them act like an angsty teen. This phenomenon is called holiday regression and it's a physical response to stress and anxiety when you go home. It may cause your siblings to fall back into old roles or might subconsciously trigger them to become defensive and emotional. If you notice that you're starting to feel like this, take a breather and go for a walk or for some quiet time in your room.


I wanna not just solve malaria with every possible problem and that has to happen from ground up, getting a much larger group of people engaged in science because one of the things that ends up happening is in the current society, even when a tool arrives, it doesn't get used properly, it just sits there and we forget about it. So the bigger picture is how do you get majority of people in society to not just accept science but engage in science? When that happens, we don't have to worry about malaria, we don't have to worry about mosquitoes. We're gonna find a profound change in how problems are solved. I very strongly believe that people are the the most important resource that we need to invest in.


What went wrong? Open fire. Left to burn at night. The downdraft blew the embers back. Luckily, they had smoke alarms. They didn't have the local brigade's number via the phone. Valuable time was. What happens to you?  We've got the power to put fires out. You've got the power to make sure they never start. The CFA. Victoria's fireman.


They're rebooting Axis of Evil on the 20th anniversary of the Iraq invasion. The Western political media class has suddenly resurrected the phrase Axis of Evil in recent days to refer to the increasing intimacy between Russia and China, just in time for the 20th anniversary of the invasion of Iraq. famed Iraq war cheerleader Sean Hannity appears to have kicked things off last week saying on his show that a new Axis of Evil is emerging between China, Russia, and Iran, a slogan that has since been echoed numerous times this week. On Tuesday, former ambassador to the United Nations, Nikki Haley, told Fox News that Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping are two dictators that have said they are unlimited partners, asserting that this is the new Axis of Evil, with Iran being their junior partner. Also on Tuesday, Representative Mike Lawler tweeted, Xi's meeting with Putin in Moscow is deeply concerning and highlights the growing threats posed by this new Axis of Evil. And on Thursday, he tweeted, we are dealing with a new Axis of Evil, and failure to stop Putin in Ukraine will have far-reaching implications as Russia pushes further into Eastern Europe and China moves against Taiwan. On Wednesday, the Telegraph published an article titled, Xi and Putin are building a new Axis of Evil, which mixes in the phrases China-Russia Axis and Beijing-Moscow Axis for good measure. Also on Wednesday, Representative Brian Maast tweeted, this is the new Axis of Evil with a picture of Xi and Putin shaking hands. On Thursday, British tabloid The Sun published an article titled, Who's the Boss? Body language experts reveal Putin and Xi's hidden message in their Axis of Evil meeting, and who really has the power? With the phrase Axis of Evil appearing nowhere in the actual body of the text. The Axis of Evil slogan was first made infamous by George W. Bush in a jingoistic speech he gave a few months after 9-11, and at the time referred to the nations of Iraq, Iran, and North Korea. The following year Iraq would be in ruins, and the US Empire ushered in a new era of worldwide military expansionism and shockingly aggressive interventionism throughout the Middle East. Bush, and the speechwriter who helped him coin the phrase neoconservative war propagandist David Frum, used the word Axis to evoke the memory of the Axis powers of World War II who fought against the Allied forces, of which the United States was apart. Western war mongers have an extensive history of comparing every war they want to fight to the Second World War, framing whoever their enemy of the day happens to be as the new Adolf Hitler, whoever wants to fight him as the new Winston Churchill, and whoever opposes the war as the new Neville Chamberlain. The idea is to get everyone thinking in terms of good guys versus bad guys, like children watching a cartoon show, instead of like grown adults engaged in complex analysis of real life as it actually exists. Because the US Empire has spent generations framing World War II as a pure good guys versus bad guys conflict, now propagandists can say that every Pentagon target is Hitler, and the US and its allies are the brave heroes who are fighting Hitler. And that also appears to be the intention behind this recent resurrection of the Axis of Evil label, not to recall George W. Bush's hawkish sloganeering on the 20th anniversary of the Iraq invasion, but to recall World War II. This seems likely because we're also seeing a huge increase in the use of the term Axis to refer to Russia, China, Iran, and sometimes other nations like North Korea, without the fun of evil part. Genocide walrus John Bolton has been trying to make Axis happen for a while now. He used that term to refer to the relationship between Russia and China last month in an interview with the Washington Post, where he also claimed that we are already in a global war against those nations. In an interview with the Telegraph earlier this week, Bolton referred to the Russia-China Axis, which he described as having outriders like Iran and North Korea. On Monday, Representative Jamie Raskin tweeted about the Axis of authoritarianism linking Russia, China, and Iran. On Wednesday, Representative Lisa McClain tweeted, She and Putin seek a new world order that poses a worrying global threat. The West should be worried about this China-Russia Axis and what it means for freedom. And can I just pause a moment here to note that it's a bit odd for all the other guys to be labeled the Axis when the US is now aligned with every single one of the World War II Axis powers. At a House Foreign Affairs Committee hearing on Thursday, Committee Chairman Michael McCall shed a bit more light on the worldview driving this perspective in his opening remarks. History shows when you project strength you get peace, but when you project weakness, it does invite aggression and war. You only need to look back to Neville Chamberlain and Hitler, and really the course of time has proven that axiom, McCall said, adding, We're starting to see this alliance very similar in my judgment to what we saw in World War II, Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea. The problem with McCall's thinking, of course, is that he is pretending the US is just some passive witness to the formation of this evil Axis of hostile nations instead of the single driving factor behind it. Russia, China, and other unabsorbed governments have all been driven closer and closer together by the hostility of the United States toward all of them. And now they are overcoming some significant differences to rapidly move into increasingly intimate strategic partnerships to protect their national sovereignty from a globe spanning empire which demands total submission from every government on earth. Empire managers have long forecasted the acquisition of post-Soviet Russia as an imperial lackey state which could be weaponized against the new enemy number one in China. But instead, the exact opposite happened. Hillary Clinton told the Bloomberg New Economy Forum in 2021 that as an insider within the US power structure she'd heard for years that Russia would become more willing to move toward the West, more willing to engage in a positive way with Europe, the US, the UK, because of problems on its border, because of the rise of China. But that's not what occurred. We haven't seen that Clinton said. Instead, what we've seen is a concerted effort by Putin to maybe hug China more. Perhaps more effort would have been expended winning over Russia's friendship had this incorrect forecast not been made. If US Empire managers had not been so confident that Moscow would come groveling to their feet to kiss the imperial ring, perhaps they would not have felt so comfortable expanding NATO. Knocking back Putin's early gestures of goodwill while the administration after administration assured him with its actions that it will accept nothing but total subordinates and engaging in aggressive brinkmanship on its border. But they made a different call. So now we have to listen to cringy cold warriors like Michael McFowle moan about Moscow deciding to go with Beijing instead of Washington. After the collapse of the USSR, a democratic Russia had the chance to be a major respected European power, McFowle recently complained on Twitter. Putin, however, has pushed Russia a different way, turning Russia yet again into a vassal of an Asian autocratic power. Such a wasted opportunity. Oh, well. Which is, of course, just McFowle's way of saying Russia was supposed to be our vassal, not China's. Really, all this fuss is nothing other than the emergence of a multipolar world crashing headlong into the imperial doctrine that US unipolar hegemony must be maintained at all costs. If not for that last bit, the US Empire ceasing to singularly dominate the planet wouldn't be much of a problem. But because there's a zealous belief that all attempts to surpass the United States must be treated as enemy acts of aggression, we're now seeing world powers split into two increasingly hostile alliance groups with more and more talk of hot global conflict. This is madness, and it needs to stop.


Hey guys it's Nate aka The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. Team of the season is officially underway. We got stuff in packs. We got market movements going crazy. A lot of coins were made today. A lot of opportunities for making coins. And I think there's also some things you guys can do to possibly make more coins coming up in the next few days. I want to talk about that and talk you through some things today. But this is the loading screen of course. We've got EFL Team of the Season, Community Tots, a Cardi SBC, new storyline objectives and themed objective players as well. So I want to cover the content first and talk you through some things. And then we'll possibly get into talking about what I did today to make some coins. We've got the Team of the Season official counter down below. So I'm probably going to keep that on during the YouTube videos. Just to see if you guys do not catch the streams. You can see how many Team of the Season that I end up packing myself throughout this entire promo. And then I'll probably update the counter for the total number that we get per League. So I might do some of that as well. But that'll just kind of be down there sparkling a little bit. Just to kind of show you what's going on and how many I packed in my account. Because I plan on opening lots and lots and lots of packs during Team of the Season. It's going to be harder to though with some of the information that we got from EA today about Team of the Season. And I want to talk to you guys about this right now for a little bit and just kind of I guess chat about it so to speak. But this is the information that we got from EA today. And there's a few things in here that I want to point out. I don't want to read the whole thing. But this is interesting. Nine additional squads will be released throughout the Team of the Season so far campaign. And if you would notice right now in FIFA Ultimate Team it says that the EFL League Tots is in packs until Monday. So it looks like what they're going to do is they're going to supply those lower leagues and they're going to change the main league every single week. And for the lower tier league they're going to let those kind of overlap. It looks like or I'm not sure how exactly they're going to do that. But the Chinese League and the MLS Leagues are going to be based on their last season before 2020. So that's interesting about that. But SBC is what I want to talk about next. We're going to get some flashback. Team of the Season, SBCs from previous Team of the Seasons in the past. Again, I think of Firmino right away. Think about some guys in past Team of the Seasons that were super duper hyped up that maybe don't have a card this year. And I like this. This idea right here is really cool. I don't hear a lot of people talking about this. Moments of brilliance can strike at any time. To acknowledge some of the outstanding feats, Team of the Season squad building challenges will be awarded to players who had standout moments, but did not qualify for the respective Team of the Seasons so far. So that's kind of cool that they're doing that. And then this is the really, really cool thing. This community champions that they're doing as well. The shine light of footballers who went above and beyond their communities during the COVID-19 crisis. Team of the Season will honor a select few with player moments, special items to be released throughout the squad building challenge or objective. So I guess we could do a little bit of research into that. Which footballers have been paying it forward, I guess. I don't see a lot of that news, I guess, over here in the US. Maybe some of you guys in the UK will know a little bit more about which footballers have been recognized maybe for going above and beyond to help communities during this crisis. But yeah, that's cool, right? I applaud EA for that. But now we got to get into stuff that is not so cool. And there are two things in here that are not so cool according to EA Sports. Actually just one of them, honestly. It's just this right here, man. The premium league upgrade SBCs are only going to be available for 24 hours towards the conclusion of each league team of the season so far beginning following the community team this season. This is obviously what we look forward to during the season. You have so many people, and me especially, that are looking to go almost broke, almost go a million coins into these upgrade packs. What we trade for to be able to spam these upgrades to craft SBCs and pack team of the season cards in hopes of filling up our clubs with all sorts of cool stuff because of those packs that we get to open. Just being able to open packs on this game. That's what we love to do during the season. And these are the SBCs that we like to do it with. And for some reason EA feels like they need to limit us on these unfortunately. What I did today is I put out a tweet. I said, hey EA, we definitely want these to be extended longer than 24 hours. Please extend them longer than this. And I just want to remind you guys that it was actually last year in FIFA 19 where we had to ask for upgrade packs because they didn't come out right away. We had to ask for them. And once we asked for them, we got them. There was such an uproar on Twitter, on social media, asking the community managers, asking the EA accounts, hey, can we get these SBCs? And they gave them to us. If we put forth that sort of effort again this year, if you tweet at the EA Direct account, of course be respectful and say, hey EA Sports, we would love to have the upgrade SBCs for longer than 24 hours. If we do that over the weekend, I would encourage you guys to do it. I'm going to be doing it. I think once a day I'm going to say, hey EA, we would still love to have these out for more than 24 hours. If that's something that you can do, because we want to open these packs. And to be honest, it's going to take more coins out the market anyway. So you might make more money for people wanting to put on FIFA points. So maybe it benefits you anyway. So that's why this is the one thing that really, really bums me out today. But we're probably still going to have an 81 plus SBC because it's as many familiar as well as some new favorites will be released.  But we will be watching the SBC code. I would expect 81 pluses. I would expect team of the week upgrades this week, probably a mid or a baby icon upgrade, maybe a prime. That'd be pretty crazy. But this is the thing I wanted to touch on as well. I'll touch on this first. Weekend League rewards. Basically they made this whole confusing graph and they worded it differently. It's going to be the exact same as last year. It's literally going to be the exact same as last year. It looks like you're only going to get one team of the season item when you first read this. But then when you read below that team of the week moments are no longer going to be coming out on Wednesdays. There's not going to be any team of the weeks from here until June 10th or until a majority of the football calendar resumes. Which as of right now, I think only the Bundesliga is the top five league that's going to be coming back soon in like three or four weeks or something. But this is basically the exact same as last year. So you have to get gold two plus to be guaranteed somebody from the main league. And it doesn't spell that out very well right here. But if you remember what you did last year, if you want to go back and watch a video from last year and maybe that explains it like just because you can actually see it happen, that would be a way to kind of understand it. But it's the exact same as last year. But what is not the same as last year is that we're not getting a team of weeks. There's no team of the weeks that are going to be coming out during this promo. I tweeted out today and I said, hey, this is massive. This is honestly massive because what that means is this is the last team of the week supply that we're going to be getting of fodder team of the week cards on this market. So that is what interests me a lot because this is team of the season where we're filled to the brim with SBCs and coin sucking opportunities for SBCs because there's so many packs being opened and stuff like that. This is like the culmination of foot almost towards the end of the year like the last big mega promo that everybody is pumped for in FIFA. So of course there's going to be SBCs. They've mentioned that we know that from before. That makes me think that investing in some of the SBC fodder, the cheapest team of the weeks from this team of the week and if there's any cheap informs or team of the week moments cards from a previous team of the week, that to me seems like a pretty good shout right now because of just the rarity of these cards. You might say, well, Nate, they're going to do something. They're going to do something to supply these cards in the market, right? Well, yes, I think they're going to release a team of the week upgrade SBC, but that is very, very different than actually releasing the card into packs and onto the market. There's a lot less supply that would come from a tradable team of the week SBC than what would come from a card coming out into packs. So right now, Javi Martinez is like 25,000 coins. This to me screams like the best investment inform ever. You know, I've picked a couple of these up today at 25k during Lightning Grounds. There's one another one right here. I'm just going to get up and send the advance for list 25,000 coins for that by the end of team of the season because of the links that this guy gets. Bayern, Spanish, you know, every single SBC that EA is putting out this year is like 70 chemistry plus. So this card is going to be massive for SBCs down the line. That's why I'm stocking that. Anything from this team of the week, buy one, put it in the club as it comes to a team of the week moments item. If you're on a higher budget, go into Footbin and look through some of the cheapest 85, 86, anywhere from like an 83 up to an 86 rated inform, maybe even 87 too. And just buy one and stash it in the club because honestly, that is the stuff that's going to be needed a lot coming in the next few weeks. And since there's no more supply of it, that's an investment opportunity in my eyes right there with some of these team of the week moments cards. That's how I feel about those. I stocked my club, stocked my transfer list, bought one of each, did some of that stuff today on the market as well. But I want to talk a little bit more about what happened today on the market. There was a lot of panic selling today. As you can see, a lot of cards I flipped. I want to go take a look at some Footbin graphs with you guys and show you just some of the panic and rebound that we had on out of pack special cards. This is what I said in the morning. I said in the morning, I said, see the panic, spot the panic, buy the panic, right? That's what I say a lot of times on Fridays because there's always panic selling on Fridays, heading into a promo. The severity of it each week is what differs. This week we had some pretty, pretty severe panic selling, right? Full birthdays, rebounded.  This garriezman right here was 1.1 million coins earlier right before the promo started. He's back up 100,000 coins. Look at this daily graph. Down all morning, down to 1.1 mil right here. And then boom, back up to 1.32 mil and is now kind of chilling. And this is another interesting thing I want to point out. If you guys are buying cards in the pre-6 p.m. panic, a lot of this stuff, not all of it, but some of this stuff was actually cheapest earlier on in the morning. It was not like right before 6 p.m. U.K. This Ronaldo card's 2 mil right now. He was at 1.85 this morning. That's really, I don't know if it caught, footprint caught it. Yeah, right there. 1.875, he rebounded to 2.085. A lot of this stuff when it rebounded, it hit the peak three hours. Actually wait, it was actually four hours after the first lightning round. So we have the 6 p.m. U.K. We have the 7 p.m. U.K. lightning rounds. We have 8 p.m. Then we have 9. Then we have 10 p.m. U.K. That was when a lot of this stuff, anywhere between 10 to 11 p.m. U.K. is when a lot of this stuff reached its peak selling price. And some stuff has actually come down since then. And that's something that I've noticed in the past two promo weeks with this first week of team of the season. And then I think it was the second week of foot birthday. That time period is where the market actually gets its highest on the entire weekend. It rises a little bit in the Saturday morning. There is a little bit of a rise, especially I think we might see a rise this morning on some cards that may have gone up and then kind of come back down. And then they might come back up a little bit more as people continue to play Weekend League and to grind games and buy players for teams. But that's kind of like the peak sell time. If you guys are flipping these cards, like the cards that I bought this morning, I focused on a lot of attackers because there were not a lot of strikers. There's literally one striker, two strikers in this new team of the season team, right? Team of the season community, there are two strikers. There's Zaha, who has a three star week foot and is a million coins. And Musa Dembele, a hundred and thirty thousand coin striker card. There's no attackers in here to me that look really elite or really good. You saw a lot of strikers today. They got panic sold and they rebounded massively because of just the sheer lack of attackers that people could go out and buy. So they went out and they bought the same ones that they had just panic sold. This Halan was one point two mil that I bought. He sold for one point three. Lacazette was six hundred and like sixty K this morning. I bought this at six seventy, sold it at seven forty seven. But he had his peak at like ten eleven PM UK was like seven sixty or seven seventy. And then these Musa Dembele, that was a different one. I'm going to tell you about that in a second. This Verran was a hundred K lazy sale. That was actually pretty dope. This Sun, I bought two Suns at five hundred seventy and five hundred and eighty K. Sold one for six fifty and I sold the other one for six sixty. Bruno's I bought at five hundred K. All these Verran's I bought at seven hundred and twenty K. I think I all got them at seven twenty. I think one of seven twenty eight. But that was a nice riser. Just a center back. That's a French center back. Again, there's a Sun. I got this at five sixty. And I still have some stuff to sell. But I want to talk about these Musa Dembele's because these team of the season cards as well. We're very, very cheap in that first, you know, thirty minutes of packs being opened. And what that tells me is this reminded me what we saw today with some of these prices. The team of the season cards, right? The new team of the season cards. What we saw today reminded me an exact spitting image of was the first week of foot birthday. We had all those packs saved up. We had all those packs saved up from people saving week and league wards, knowing a promo was coming, knowing that foot birthday was going to come soon. And they all opened them in the first hour of lighting rounds on the first set of foot birthday. And that's what happened today too. Casuals can't hold their packs boys, right? A lot of you guys probably opened their packs. I had five packs and I just opened them. I said screw it. You know what? I might as well give it a shot, see what I can do. Open up five packs. So these cards were very, very cheap in that first hour. This Musa Dembele, I bought 15 Musa Dembele's in the first hour of lighting rounds for around 115 to 122, 123,000 coins for most of them. And I sold a lot of them for 177K. I've gotten sales from 150 to 177. Now right now he's 139. I think I'll rise to 150 by morning. I wasn't able to sell all of them right away, but I got some nice lazies and I made a lot of coins on that today just knowing that hey, a lot of people are opening saved packs. When you have some time in between promos, even just a couple weeks, we knew that people had saved packs and that they were opening them. And that made a lot of these cards really, really cheap this morning. I'm pretty sure this is a brand team of the season item who is 260,000 coins right now. I'm pretty sure that this guy this morning was like 200,220K at one point. And then he went up to actually 290K. At his peak on the buyback after lightning rounds. That happened with a lot of cards today, right? You had Felipe Anderson. I forget what price he was earlier in the day today. He actually might have been expensive. The fluctuation on these cards, like what I was just talking about with the Musa Dembele, right? That fluctuation was due to him being a lower tier card, lower to mid tier card that got packed a lot.  A guy like this or Felipe Anderson or Zaha or Gomez, they're going to start off very, very expensive because there's a lot of pipe around that card already. So they're not going to be really one that you can try to do this flipping with and buy first hour. If you're going to buy first hour, I think you want to focus on a card that is somebody who is a little bit more lower tier, I guess you could say. You could call it lower tier, but hyped up, I guess you could say. Now, this Gomez card is really, really hyped up. He fluctuates a ton. Doesn't have a lot of supply. As you can see right now, he has like no supply. So I'm really watching this card tonight. If I can get a buy price around like the one for lows, because look at this, man, there's a 50k difference right here in between these two cards. And the 1485 has been up on the market for a little bit. I just watched him go on bid for 1480. There's a lot of hype around this card right now. These cards aren't rare, by the way. These team of season cards have a pretty high pack weight. I'll go show you that in a second. But a lot of you guys have been asking me, do I think these guys are going to rise up overnight? I get a lot of questions about this guy specifically rising into Saturday. I don't really think these guys are going to rise that much into Saturday. Maybe a little bit, but if anything, it's just risky. Because these guys, I mean, it was just like, just like for birthday, man. These guys had supply upon supply upon supply hitting the market during that first lighting round with all the saved packs being opened up. So there's going to be a lot of supply on these, which I don't like. But I want to show you the pack weight, because 100,000 coin packs last year during team this season, we looked at this in my video yesterday. These had a 21% drop rate for most consistent and EFL. And this year, 16%. So it's a little bit lower, but it's still pretty high. Now, of course, that's 16%. A lot of you guys are probably going to be packing the team this season EFL cards. They have a lot higher drop rate than the team this season so far. Most consistent or community, I guess I should call them. They're not really most consistent. They're community. But these cards have a high drop rate, man. And the interesting thing about these is again, they're in packs until Monday. So I'm really intrigued by that. I'm curious to see what EA is going to be doing with the lower tier leagues. But the upper tier leagues is going to go week by week. So we do know that for sure. But stuff that you guys might be able to sync your coins into today. I know this video is running long. I've talked about a lot. I want to talk about high rated fodder sooner rather than later, because I know a lot of you guys are really, really interested in this. Some of you guys have started to buy. And you know what? I'm going to give you the thumbs up. If you want to go into fodder, you have my blessing, okay? I know it didn't reach down. I had a set price target of 15,000 coins for 86 rated fodder. Right now it shows 16K. But if you actually get on the market and search some of these guys, you can get them on bids, right? And these guys have dropped so much in the past day with the lighting rounds. I mean, 86s were 20K yesterday before lighting rounds. And now they're back down to around 16,000, 15,000 coins. 85s are at 7K. I like that. 87s are getting really close to 20K. I like that. 88s are under 30. I'm a fan. 89s are in the 30s. I'm a fan. So, you know, these aren't the absolute lowest prices ever, but they're low, right? And all it takes would be EA to drop an icon SBC or something repeatable today that would just make a lot of these cards go back up in price. So you can wait till lighting rounds if you want to. You could wait until today's lighting rounds if you want to see if these cards go a little bit lower. But I would expect an SBC today. So maybe get out, get some bids, do a club stock at least. And if you want to go in more on fodder, then you can. If you see it start to go lower later today. That would be my advice to you guys that maybe get your feet wet with a club stock, buy one, chuck it in the club, drop a couple hundred K on that if you've got a lot of coins, or just buy a few. 84s even look good. And 83s even look really good. Some of these guys are really good positions for their price. Like Adan Gees, 1.1K. Sentiment in the Bundesliga. Really, really useful for chemistry. Millik for 1K, not bad. Iglesias 1.1. Just look again for the good links, good nations, and all this fodder stuff. And I'm kind of a fan of that heading in today on Saturday. Let me just talk about the really scroll through the SBCs and the content really fast. This is a Cardi SBC to me. A lot of people say this card is actually really good. I'm probably not going to end up doing it because it just doesn't fit my team, not my cup of tea. If it fits your team, GGs. I mean, it made D Maria rise a decent amount today. But I expect, you know, this is an okay priced SBC. But you know what? It's just not super duper meta or super duper. You know, it doesn't just stick out that much. So it's an okay SBC. If it appeals to you, then go for it. We got Thuram today. I haven't looked at the end games for this card. Obviously, he looks pretty dope. I remember using this guy's Inform first week of FIFA and he was really good. And now he's got a pretty freaking sweet Team of Season card. But I'm just going to be honest with you and warn you guys a little bit too. These are the types of statistics that you're going to have to get used to seeing, right? It looks crazy right now to have those type of stats on this type of guy right now on foot. You're like, oh my gosh, Thuram's card is amazing. Just wait man. We have, what is it, like 10 more weeks of Team of the Season? This card is going to be like, not irrelevant but there's going to be so many other cards just like this one with incredible stats in the next 10 weeks that if you're thinking that you have to grind this because there's not going to be any other one. Yeah, he's got different links, French and the Bundesliga. But you're going to see a lot of... Again, here's another striker with high physical, high pace, high shooting and high dribbling. You're going to see tons of these cards in the next few weeks, just juice stats on the lower leagues and the higher leagues. You're just going to see a lot of juice stats and that's what did the market crazy today. That's why some stuff didn't do that well that maybe we thought was going to just because people could go and buy a Team of the Season card for a lot cheaper and try those cards out because they're a lot cheaper than some of these other special cards were before today. So I know it's a long video. I know it's a lot to digest and to go to think about. But I do want to say the fodder, you got a thumbs up from me. Watch out for those Team of the Week cards. Look back at some out-of-packs Team of the Week ones if you want to stock your club with a little bit more. And then just watch these Team of the Season cards because I do think they're going to go down. You'll see a rise in the morning and then you'll start to see them trickle down in price as we get towards 6 p.m. U.K. because people will be worried that they're going to get packed again in lighting rounds, which is true. They are going to get packed again in lighting rounds and they're going to become more supplied on the market. So just be careful with these cards if you're interested, if you have one in your team. Maybe try to sell it like midday time U.K. before the afternoon and evening where I do think they'll start to drop down in price once again. So if you enjoyed this video, smash a thumbs up on it. Comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe to the channel if you're new. It's been Nate, the Foot Accountant. Catch you guys later. Peace.


Okay. So the last topic of this chapter is water. This is actually the most important one. So what do we all know the molecular formula is H2O and oxygen is sp3 hybridized here where the two lone pairs are there in the sp3 hybrid orbital and the two hydrogen present like this. Okay. So we all know hybridization is sp3 geometry is tetrahedral. And what is the shape here shape is V shape or bent shape or angular shape be bent or angular. Okay. So all these orbitals are sp3 hybridized orbital in which the lone pairs present and the bond pairs also there. Okay. Bonding and all we know we have discussed it already. So its property is like first of all pure water right down your H2O is bad conductor of electricity conductor of electricity colorless test less and order less due to hydrogen bonding due to H bonding. It is also known as it is also known as associated molecule associated molecule. Next I don't pure water is neutral is neutral and act as as weak electrolyte. What is electrolyte, what is electrolyte electrolytes are those substance or molecules, which dissociates into ions in aqua solution. For example, if you take a NACL right so NACL when you dissolve in water. It doesn't exist as a molecule that is NACL, but it exists as any plus and CL minus. So this is called an electrolyte which dissociates into its ionic form. H2SO4 is an electrolyte. HCL is an electrolyte. Basically all assets base and salts are electrolytes. All assets base salts are electrolytes correct. Now electrolyte also depending upon its dissociating tendency to what extent it can dissociate. It is classified into two categories, weak electrolyte and strong electrolyte. No, it's not it dissociates but dissociation is not 100%. Means to some extent it will dissociate it exists at H plus and OH minus, but not completely. Okay, because it is a weak electrolyte weak electrolytes are those substance which does not dissociate completely means suppose you have taken 10 molar. I'm trying to make suppose we have CS3 COOH it is also a weak electrolyte. Okay, so it dissociates as CS3CO O minus and H plus. If you have suppose, suppose initial concentration is C, this is zero, this is zero. So after some time, it won't become zero and this is C and C it won't happen. Means this compound will entirely it won't convert into its ions. Some amount of this will be left in the solution means out of C suppose few moles will get dissociate. Suppose X most dissociate out of C. So it will be C minus X, X and X like this will happen. But if it is a strong electrolyte for example, if I'm taking NACL NACL is a strong electrolyte. So it completely dissociates into any plus and C minus. So if it is C zero zero initially. So after some time this becomes zero there's no more NACL present entirely it converts into any plus and C minus. This is the difference between a strong and weak electrolyte. Yeah, got it. So all know there will be exchange of electron, but the molecule will retain its property in the solution. There will be in after some time if you look at this mixture in the mixture you will get CS3 COH you'll get CS3 CO minus you'll get H plus so there will be transfer of electron, but entirely this compound won't decompose into this. That is what I'm talking about. Okay. So is this about electrolyte we'll discuss in I mean equilibrium. Okay, we will talk about the strong and weak electrolyte. Usually you can understand all the strong acids strong base and salt of strong acids and strong base are strong electrolytes. Okay, what did I say in order in general you can and can memorize this strong acids, strong base, and salt of strong acid and strong base. Okay, all are strong electrolytes, weak acid, weak base and salt of it are weak electrolyte. Yeah. This is the understanding of electrolyte we have now water we have two types. Okay, right down. There are two types of water. That is hard water and soft water. This is the most important topic of this chapter. The only thing that you need to keep in mind for sure. First of all, you write down the definition of soft water. Write down water which produces water which produces sufficient leather with soap is called soft water. Hard water, it's not like hard water does not produce, but relatively hard water consumes more amount of detergent or soap to produce leather. Okay. So, write down. It forms, it forms insoluble is come before. It forms leather with soap means there are some particles present into hard water. Those particles consumes soap first. Okay, and forms is come insoluble is come. Once all these particles precipitated out, then it starts producing leather with soap. So basically hard water contains some particles, okay, some ions, which consumes the soap and does not produce leather. Okay. Once all these particles, you know, get gets precipitated, then it starts producing leather. Okay. So the difference between the two types of water is, is that soft water contains relatively lesser amount of, you know, consumes relatively lesser amount of soap or detergent to produce leather, right? Hard water consumes more amount of soap or detergent, correct? In like daily use, the water that we use is hard water. Okay, depends upon areas like, like what amount it requires of soap and detergent, but usually it is hard water. Now, what you need to know that what is the reason of hardness first of all, right? What are the different types of hardness and what is the removal, you know, what is the way by which we can remove these hardness, okay? So, you see, there are two types of hardness, right? And before that, you write down the reason of hardness and then we'll see the types of hardness here. The reason of hardness you write down, it is because of, it is because of the presence of, presence of bicarbonates and sulphates and sulphates of calcium and magnesium of Ca2 plus iron and Mg2 plus iron. In general, this is the thing we have, bicarbonates and sulphates. So once all these ions precipitates Ca2 plus and Mg2 plus, then it starts producing that. Okay, so there are two types of hardness we have, types of hardness. First one is temporary and the second one is permanent hardness, permanent hardness. Next you'll see what is the reason of this temporary hardness and what is the removal way. First write down, first write down temporary hardness. It is due to, is due to the presence of, presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium, bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium, okay? What is the removal process? Removal process. The first, the simplest method is by boiling. You can simply boil and this kind of hardness will go off, okay? So what happens on boiling? On boiling, bicarbonates decomposes into, decomposes into carbonates, which precipitates out. So if you look at the reaction here, bicarbonates we have CaH CO3 whole twice. You heat this, it forms CaCO3 carbonate, CO2 and H2. This forms the PPT and will precipitate out, right? Similarly, we have MgHCO3 whole twice. And when you heat this, again it forms MgHCO3 PPT plus CO2 plus H2. Done. Now the second method of removal we have here is by Clark's process. In Clark's process, one question they ask very often here that what we add in Clark's process in water, right? For the removal of temporary hardness. So this process involves right down, this process involves the addition of slag lime, calculated amount of slag lime. What is the formula of slag lime? Slag lime is calcium hydroxide CaOH whole twice, okay? CaOH whole twice, slag lime. So we add slag lime into this, which forms insoluble carbonate here. So if you look at the reaction again, we have bicarbonate CaHCO3 whole twice. And when you add CaOH whole twice in this, it converts into two molecules of CaCO3 and H2O, again this carbonate forms the PPT and precipitate out. If you talk about the next one is MgHCO3 whole twice. It reacts with CaOH whole twice, converts into two CaCO3 plus H2O, right? This is the reaction. Now in this, instead of slag lime, this is important, note down this point. Instead of slag lime, we can also add, we can also add CaOH quick lime for this purpose. Means in class process, the answer is CaOH whole twice and this is what we add. But we can also have the same purpose, same effect when we add CaO. Why? Because this CaO, if you add into water, so this reacts with H2O and converts into slag lime, which is CaOH whole twice. And then this slag lime will react with the bicarbonate which is present in the water. And gives the same reaction. So we can also have the same thing when we add CaOH quick lime into it. Next write down the second one, that is permanent hardness, permanent hardness. It is due to the presence of, the reason write down, the reason is the presence of sulphates and chlorides of, chlorides of calcium and magnesium. Write down, to remove this type of hardness, to remove this type of hardness. Yeah, one second, I'll go back. Yeah. So presence of sulphates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium. Write down in this, to remove this type of hardness, to remove this type of hardness. We use, we use various substance or molecules. To use this type of, you know, how to remove this type of hardness, we use various substance. And these substance are called water softeners. These substance are called water softeners. Right. And the various water softeners are various water softeners. And this one is, water softeners are, the first one you write down, we have washing soda. What is the formula of washing soda? Its chemical name is sodium carbonate, Na2CO3. Write down, it removes both temporary and permanent hardness. All these informations are very important. Both temporary and permanent, temporary and permanent hardness. So what happens in this? The chloride we have CaCl2. Chloride, once you add washing soda, that is Na2CO3 into this. And we heat this. First of all, it forms calcium carbonate precipitates out and it forms NaCl. Right. If you have CaSO4, sulphate, Na2CO3, it converts into, again CaCO3, plus Na2SO. Okay. This is for permanent hardness. Chloride and sulphate. Okay. For permanent hardness. For temporary hardness, if you look at the reaction here, it is because of bicarbonate. So reaction of bicarbonate, CaHCO3, whole twice plus Na2CO3. It forms, again CaCO3, plus NaHCO3. Right. This is how it removes the temporary hardness as well. Okay. Instead of Na2CO3, we can also use, instead of Na2CO3, we can also use NaOH, we can also use NaOH or we can also use sodium phosphate, Na2, Na3PO4. These two also we can use instead of Na2CO3 for the same purpose. NaOH and Na3PO4 will get this. So washing soda is one of the water softeners. NaOH also water softeners. Na3PO4 also water softeners. Yeah, you can use. Both will give you the same thing. Both we can use. CaOH whole twice we can use washing soda. We can use the same thing. Another water softener we have, we call it as permuted. Common name is permuted. Okay. This technical name is hydrated silicates of. It is the hydrated silicates of aluminium and sodium. Minium and sodium. Okay. Hydrated silicates of aluminium and sodium. The formula is Na3, Na2, Al2, Si2, O8. And it's a hydrated form. So water of distillation we can have. XH2. The chemical name is sodium alumino silicate. Or we also call it as sodium geolite. Sodium geolite. This is also used for the removal of both temporary and permanent hardness. Right down here. It removes both temporary and permanent hardness. Okay. Then the third and the last one we have, the water softener. We call it as calgan. It is the complex salt of, complex salt of metaphosphoric acid. Metaphosphoric acid. Also call it as sodium hexametaphosphate. Sodium hexametaphosphate. The formula if you see, this NaPO3, 6. The actual bonding if you see, it is a complex compound. And the actual bonding is Na2, open bracket. Na4PO3, 6, back close. This is the actual bonding. It easily eliminates calcium and magnesium ion. I'll show you the reaction here. 2CASO4, sulfate of calcium. Reacts with this Na2, Na4PO3O6. It converts into Na2, Ca2PO3, 6. Plus we get 2 Na2SO4, sulfate. It removes. If you have MGSO4, Na2, Na4PO3, 6 converts into Na2MG2PO3, 6 plus 2 Na2SO4. This is the reaction we get. Okay. This is how it removes both type of like this one. The calgan removes only permanent hardness item. It removes only permanent hardness. Done. Finished, guys. Yeah. So this is it for this chapter. Okay. We're done with this. Next chapter, we will be starting S-Block. That is group one. Okay. So we don't have time much today. So I'm not starting this new chapter today. We'll start it next class. We'll see some questions. Okay. Questions on this state of matter. Show you some question. Okay. Try this question. 40 to 44. All question is solved and then we'll start discussing it. Five questions. 15 minutes.


Welcome to this talk on JS applications in agriculture. This is part one. My name is Balaji. I'm presenting this with Mr. Sridhar, who's a doctoral scholar at IIT Bombay. Now, look at population data presented in a tabular format. On the left, you have villages, the names of villages. On the right, you have the census figures in numbers. This one way of presenting it, this is also a very popular way in newspapers, etc. This is how they present. But there could be another way. For example, you can present it as in a map. You can call it a map in fact. This data, when presented in a map format, you can see here there are color codes. They reflect different population ranges. You can instantly make sense of the areas that are well populated, heavily populated, and ones that are under populated. For example, you can see here in this map that there is actually a city in the middle of a large number of villages. Now, if you believe this second way, the map way is a better way of presenting population data. You have already got an idea of what GIS is. What is GIS? Geographic Information System, or GIS. It's a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of georeferenced or geographically referenced data, more generally, spatial data. And you mix it with non-spatial data where necessary. That is GIS. This is at least our definition. You know, there are many variations in the way GIS is defined in practice. What's georeferencing? It's nothing. It's simple. It's associating something with locations in physical space. Very similar to the way in a graph on paper, you associate every point on the paper with a value of x and a value of y. That's as simple as that. Now, like you have coordinates on paper, you have geographic coordinates. Every position on Earth is specified by a set of numbers. The popular ones, very well-known ones, latitude, which is a horizontal line on a printed map of Earth, longitude, which are vertical lines, and elevation, which is, of course, the height. These are generally used in georeferencing a particular place. So GIS definition, continuing our discussions on it, GIS definition is that spatial data is important in GIS and it includes place, time, and attribute. Now, geographic data can be of two formats. One is vector, the other is raster, and they can be different types, for example, points, lines, and areas. We'll go into them separately. A vector data you can see is presented at the right, and the vector data is often generated when you digitize a paper map. That's as simple as that. On the right side, you have raster data, which looks color-coded in some way, and this is generated primarily from satellites. In fact, most of the satellite-derived imagery is presented as raster data. What are attributes? Actually, you should call them thematic attributes. For purposes in agriculture, you can say whether it's an attribute. Land use, a group of other types can be an attribute. Hydrography is an attribute. Socioeconomic parameters such as income status, ownership of assets, they can be thematic attributes. Now, each team can be a layer. Like, for example, you can have the physical map of an area over which you lay streets, buildings, or even customers, etc., as you can see here. These are all various attributes. So, in effect, what is JS? It is related to data management. It's a way to relate data. It's a relational data management. The key aspect of JS is spatial data. The format can be vector or raster. The type can be point, line, or polygon. Visualization is an important aspect. Query and analysis are important aspects related to JS presentation, and it's eventually used in decision-making. Now, we stop here, this part, and look at the exercises that we are giving you. Go to Google Maps, visit Google Maps, and select a favorite location. Look at the political map, and locate and view Earth. And locate and view the imagery. Now, can you say something about the attributes you found there? Do that as an exercise. It's an open-ended one. The other is you should visit the site called Wikimapia. Locate your favorite street. And if you find that some details can be added, which are useful to others, to add them. And these are open-ended exercises. These are not going to be graded, but to help you get familiarity with this. There's going to be a part two. If you're interested, you should be visiting that as well. Thank you.


Friends, welcome back to my channel and welcome if you're new here. Happy Monday, it is a new week. So that means it is a brand new meal prep. I have three fantastic recipes for you. I have breakfast, lunch and a snack or a sweet treat, all of which are summer, WW friendly, low calorie, healthy, clean eating recipes. I cannot wait to share these three with you today. You are going to be so excited. All of my recipes are on my website. The link for my website is down in the description. You're also going to find the link to head over and join my Facebook group. We'd love to have you be part of our community over there. We have a great 90 day summer challenge going on right now. You can come on over and join us. You're also going to find links and discount codes to my favorite things, as well as the things that I'm gonna be sharing with you in today's video. So definitely take a moment and check out that description box. Subscribe if you haven't already. I'd love for you to join my channel and of course, thumbs up this video if you love meal prep. So without further ado, let's jump into this week's meal prep. I'm making breakfast wonton cups. These are going to be so good. You're having two wonton cups per day. I'll pair this with some fruit. I may throw an egg in, just kind of depending on how hungry I am and where I am on the way to my protein goal for the day. So let me show you what's in my breakfast. You're going to need some salt and pepper. The recipe calls for Cajun seasoning. I don't have any Cajun seasoning. So I'm gonna sub this Dax Original Red. This does have a bit of a kick. So it's a great substitution for Cajun or Creole seasoning. It has that same kind of vibe, but it is zero salt, all natural, no MSG. Fantastic ingredients. And because it has no salt, it's great before weigh in. It's great if you watch your salt, but it does not lack flavor. The flavor is on point with Dax. I love them so much. They just came out with a nothing but the ranch. That is amazing. Highly recommend Dax, check them out. I do have a code for 10% off and free shipping. Highly, highly recommend. It's super affordable and the cleanest best spices. So I'm gonna add some of this Original Red in place of Cajun. I'm gonna use these diced hash browns. You can also use shredded hash browns. I just wanted to use what I had on hand. So I'm gonna use those. You'll need some wonton wrappers, of course. Some bacon. You could do center cut and it will lower the points a little bit, but I'm gonna use this Coleman Natural, no sugar uncured bacon. I got this in my butcher box. So I love butcher box so much, you guys. So there is a link down below for $30 off butcher box if you're interested. So I have that. And then I have light shredded cheese.  So we're just gonna slice this up and divide it amongst the cups. This is the Trader Joe's. It's so good. And then we'll need some green bell pepper. So let's get started on breakfast. So I went ahead and chopped up my sausage, added it to a pan here with four slices of the bacon. We're gonna go ahead and cook that down. And then I weighed out 85 grams or three quarters of a cup of the, my gosh, I can't think of the word, hash browns. So I have that in a separate pan here that I sprayed with some nonstick cooking spray. We're gonna cook those. We're gonna cook these. And then we'll be ready to put together our breakfast wonton cups. So I went ahead and added salt, pepper, and that Dax seasoning to my hash browns. Now I seasoned them really, really well. This is where a lot of the flavor is going to come from because we're not adding seasoning to anything else. So make sure that you are pretty heavy handed on the hash brown seasoning so that you have that good flavor in all of your little wonton cups. So we're ready to put together the wontons. In my bowl here is my bacon and my cooked sausage. I also have a sliced up green bell pepper. The seasoned hash browns, these look really good. Of course, wonton wrappers and then one third cup of shredded cheese. So you're going to take a muffin pan. Now I made a mistake and said that it's two wontons per serving. It's actually one wonton per serving because we're using two wonton wrappers per muffin cup. I didn't read that part of the instruction. So I apologize. We're gonna be making six total. So basically you'll get one wonton cup each day for the smart points. And then again, pair that with eggs or fruit or whatever you would like. So go ahead and spray it. And then in each muffin area cup, we're gonna put two wonton wrappers. So I'm gonna kind of put it halfway so it sticks up and basically creates a little cup for us to put in our hash browns, bacon and all the good stuff. So we're gonna go ahead and fill all six of these with two wonton wrappers. So once you've added your wonton wrappers then we're just gonna start filling them. So I'm gonna start with the bacon. You want to fill as evenly as possible so that it's fair in the smart points. You want to put about the same amount of the pointed items the bacon, the sausage, the hash browns and cheese in each of your little wonton cups. Then we're gonna go ahead and add in the sausage, the hash browns, the green pepper and then we will kind of divide the cheese, a half in the middle and half on top. I have my oven preheating to 350 so we can immediately get these into the oven. So let's get our wonton cups filled up and ready to go. And look at these beauties. These look so good you guys. They're gonna have that nice crispy cheese in the wonton and then topped with the ooey gooey cheese. These are gonna go in a 350 degree oven for about 10 minutes or just until they're cooked through. So I'll be back to show you our completed breakfast wontons. I just pulled the breakfast wonton cups out of the oven. Look at these. These look so good you guys. Let me pull one out here. Let me pull one out and I'll show you guys what they look like. I'm just gonna package them in a singular container and then I'll just pop one out every day. You could warm these up in your air fryer and it would give that crunchy shell. It would be so good. So let me get these removed out of the muffin tin here and I'll show you guys breakfast and give you the smart point. So here they are. These look so good you guys. They're nice and thick of those wonton cups just filled with tons of protein and goodness. So you can have one of these wonton cups for four smart points on both the green and the blue plan and three smart points on the purple plan. So not bad for a wonton cup with peppers, potatoes, sausage and bacon. So I can't wait for this. Again, fruit or an egg and you have a perfect breakfast. For lunch this week I'm making turkey sliders with sweet potato buns. So we're gonna use the sweet potato as the bun. This is going to be so good. It's all clean, whole food, lots of protein, a good solid carb. I am excited for this. So let me show you what's in lunch. You're going to need some panko bread crumbs, Parmesan cheese, soy sauce or coconut aminos, cumin, basil and cilantro. Now you can use fresh cilantro if you'd like. I'm just going to use the dry because that's all that I have. You'll need some bacon. This is that same bacon we used for breakfast. One pound of 99% ground turkey, some light shredded cheese, eggs and of course a couple of pretty good sized sweet potatoes. We're going to use about one and a half of these sweet potatoes for the buns for our sliders. So let's get started on lunch. So the first thing I'm going to do is pop my four pieces of bacon on a paper plate, on a paper towel. I'm going to cover it with another paper towel and I'm going to throw it in the microwave for about four minutes or until the bacon is cooked. So we're going to start putting together our sliders because we want to put this meat mixture into the refrigerator for about a half an hour. Really let it get those flavors into the meat and then in the meantime, we'll get our potatoes ready to go. So in my bowl here, I have one pound of 99% lean ground turkey. Here are my four slices of bacon.  So there are our four slices of bacon. To that, we're going to go ahead and add two eggs and everything in this recipe other than the potatoes is in one bowl. So it makes it really easy for cleanup as well. And then we're going to go ahead and add in half of a cup of panko breadcrumbs and half of a cup of Parmesan. So I just went ahead and put those both into the same container just to make it a little bit easier. And then we're going to add some seasonings. So we're going to put in one tablespoon of soy sauce. So I'm just going to kind of eyeball that. And then we are going to add our cilantro. And again, I'm just going to eyeball. I like my food pretty flavorful. So I'm going to add quite a bit of seasoning. We're also going to add in some dried basil and last but not least just a little bit of cumin. Cumin can be really, really overpowering. So I don't want to put a lot of that in there. And then with our hands, we are going to dig in and we're going to get this all mixed together. So I went ahead and grabbed one large and half of the other large. I have the other half over here. I'm going to peel these sweet potatoes and then we need two buns per burger. So I'm going to cut these sweet potatoes into 12 pieces because this makes 12 servings. If I don't use all the sweet potato, then I'll recalculate the points, which I may not. But I'm going to go ahead and slice these into pretty good size slices, maybe about a quarter of an inch thick or so. And then we'll get these roasting in the oven. I'm going to go ahead and slice up 12 sweet potato slices. It's a total of 271 grams. I just weighed that out on my food scale. So I'm going to calculate the points of the recipe on that number of grams of sweet potatoes. So what I'm going to do is on a greased cookie sheet, I'm just going to lay out my sweet potato pieces. These are going to go in the oven at 425 degrees for 30 to 35 minutes or until the sweet potatoes are cooked through. So I just grabbed out the sweet potatoes. These are perfectly cooked. So I'm just going to transfer them here to a little plate so that I can reuse this same baking sheet to cook my turkey burgers. So again, we are making six burgers total. We'll have one each day. So I'm going to form my meat into six patties. So here's the burgers. They look pretty big, but they will shrink down when we cook them. I'm going to throw them in the same oven at 425 until they're cooked through.  So I just pulled the burgers out. Now they are big compared to the sweet potato bun. It's going to be interesting, but still it ended up making the burgers a lot bigger for only six burgers for the pound of meat. So that is totally fine. It's still going to do the job. So basically my plan is to take one of my meal prep containers. And I'm going to go ahead and put in one half of a sweet potato slider bun, one burger patty. So like I said, the ratio is a little off, but doesn't that look really, really good? It'll still be delicious. You can make your burgers smaller and probably lower the smart points if you made maybe 12 burger patties instead of six, but I am absolutely okay with this.  I plan on topping mine with maybe some of the French's Honey Mustard or something like that. So I'm going to go ahead and fill the large side of my meal prep container with one of my burgers. I'm going to divide out this bag of organic sweet peas into the small side and that's going to be lunch. So let's get these meal preps ready to go. So here is my lunch. It looks really, really good. Again, the ratio is a little off, but I'm not complaining. It still looks really good. This is the mustard that I was saying I would top it with. It's zero points. If you top it with, I think it's a teaspoon is 10 calories. So a little less than a teaspoon is zero points. So that is what I'm planning on doing. This is so good. Nice clean ingredients as well. So let's go over the points for these sweet potato turkey sliders. So again, we made six servings. So they are five smart points on the blue plan. So one slider potato meat, five points on blue, seven on green and only two on purple because you don't have to count for the meat or the potatoes on the purple plan. So still a great lunch, 253 calories per serving. So it's 253 for the burger and then whatever the peas are which is about 50 calories. So a 300 ish calorie lunch, two, five or seven smart point lunch. You can't beat it. Lots of protein. So excited for this week. I can't wait for dessert this week. I'm making lemon bars but we're gonna do a clean eating healthy version of lemon bars. I'm going to use regular powdered sugar and I'm going to use melt plant-based butter. I will give you the points if you use a powdered sugar alternative but if you would like to lower the points even more you could use an I can't believe it's not butter. You'll just have to enter these ingredients into the recipe builder to see the points but I'm gonna give you the points for using real powdered sugar and a powdered sugar alternative. And again, go ahead and use whatever butter you would like and just recalculate the points based on that. So let me show you what's in our recipe. You're going to need flour, powdered sugar, non-fat Greek yogurt, maple syrup. Again, you could use sugar-free maple syrup and just recalculate the points based on that. I'm going to be using my favorite melt plant-based butter, eggs. You can use real lemons or lemon juice. I'm going to use lemon juice so I can save my lemons for my waters for the week. Vanilla extract and of course some salt. So let's make lemon bars. The first thing we need to do is make the crust for our lemon bars. So you're going to need a fairly small bowl. I have one cup of flour. This is the organic whole wheat from the Thrive. Thrive is linked down below with $20 worth of free product when you join. So I have one cup of that. It's one of my favorite flours. And then one third cup of the maple syrup. And then I weighed out on my food scale, 70 grams or one third cup of my melt butter. And then I threw it in the microwave for about 15 seconds and melted it down. So then we're going to give this a stir, get everything combined and this is the crust of our lemon bars. So I have an eight by eight pan here. I'm going to go ahead and line it with some foil. And then we're going to spray the foil with some non-stick cooking spray before we add in the ingredients of our crust. So go ahead and line your pan. This is going to make removing the lemon bars a lot easier as well. Now we're going to take the crust mix and just put it into the bottom of the sprayed pan. And we're going to spread it out. It is going to be a very, very thin layer. The crust is going to be pretty thin for this recipe. So I'm just going to use the back of my spoon and spread it out evenly until it coats the bottom of the baking dish. So this is going in a 350 degree oven for about 20 minutes. And then we're going to let it cool in additional 10. So in the meantime, we're going to make the lemon filling. For the filling, we need to add a half of a cup of non-fat Greek yogurt. So here is the yogurt that I'm using. You guys, save yourself, scooping it out of a cup and use your food scale. So basically I want 115 grams of non-fat Greek yogurt. So I went ahead and put my bowl on, zeroed out my scale and I'm just going to add non-fat Greek yogurt directly to the bottom until I have 115 grams. This is 116. So that's a lot easier than putting it in a measuring cup and then trying to spoon it out. So for the lemon filling, it's very, very simple to put together. We are going to add just a pinch of salt. So I'm going to do that. I have about a half of a teaspoon of vanilla extract. You saw me add in the Greek yogurt. Two tablespoons of all-purpose flour. And this again is that wheat flour from the Thrive Market. I have one third cup of maple syrup. So a second third of a cup goes into the filling. And then we need to crack three large eggs. And last is one third of a cup of lemon juice. So this one's almost gone. I'm just going to kind of eyeball it. I figure the more lemon, the better. So I'm just going to put in about a third of a cup of lemon juice and then we're going to stir this all together. We want to make sure this is a mix completely and everything is combined. So I pulled the crust out about 10 minutes ago, so it's had a chance to cool a little bit. I ended up having to poke some holes in it with a fork because it was bubbling up. So make sure you poke some holes before you put your crust in. So here is the filling. And I went ahead and just made sure that there was not any chunks of yogurt. And then we are just going to pour this directly over the crust, make sure it's nice and even. And then we're going to throw this back in that 350 degree oven for about 30 more minutes or until it's set. So I just pulled the lemon bars out. These look so good. It smells so good in here. I'm going to let these cool for a little bit before I pull the foil. We'll just pop the foil right out of the pan. These bars make 12 servings, so we'll cut them up and I'll be back to show you the serving size and give you the smart points. So I went ahead and cut the bars into 12 servings. So look at that, that's a good size bar. I'm going to go ahead and transfer them over here to a plate. We're going to sprinkle a little bit of powdered sugar over the top first, actually, and then we'll transfer them to the plate. So I have a cup of powdered sugar and I'm just going to sprinkle that right over the top of the bars. Actually, I might use my fingers, that might be better. So we're just going to go ahead and put the powdered sugar right over the top. Now, if you had a sifter, that would probably honestly be ideal, but I do not, so we're going to use our hands or use a spoon or whatever you have to do it. We're actually not even going to use this whole quarter cup, I don't think. So I'm going to keep the points the same, but I still have quite a bit left. So then I'm going to go ahead and take a spatula and I'm just going to transfer the lemon bars over to the plate and look at this. Oh my goodness. Doesn't, that looks so good. So we're just going to pop these onto the plate. That's where they will be stored. I'll put them into the refrigerator. I have to give you another look, look at that. That looks so good, they smell so good. I'm going to have to give them a taste. This one on the corner isn't the prettiest one, so I'll have to give that a taste. But my goodness, you guys, these look so good. So let me get them over here and I'll be back to share the smart points. So here are our lemon bars. These are so good, I tried a little bit. Yum, look how big these are to you guys. And we're using real ingredients. Maple syrup, real sugar, I'm excited for these. So on the blue and purple plan, one of these lemon bars using real powdered sugar. So as you see here is six points and is seven on the green plan. And if you use a powdered sugar alternative, so monk fruit powder or swerve, you're going to save yourself a point. So it'll be five points on blue and purple and six on green, 249 calories per lemon bar, yum. Thank you so much for joining me on another weekly WW Meal Prep. I can't wait for breakfast, lunch and lemon bars. Hello, one of my favorite things ever. And not only are these clean eating, but they are point friendly, they're calorie friendly. I'm so excited. I can't wait to wake up tomorrow and have that breakfast, that lunch. It's gonna be a great week of meals. So again, all of my recipes are on my website. My website is linked down below as well as the link to head over and join my Facebook group. So again, the challenge just started so it's still lots of time to join. And all the links and discount codes are my favorite things. You'll find those down in that description box as well. If you are new, thanks so much for checking out my channel. If you're interested in subscribing, we'd love to have you. Just hit the little subscribe button and the bell next to it. That way you're notified when new videos are uploaded. We have such an amazing community. Please head on over, join us by hitting the subscribe button. Give this video a thumbs up. If you loved these three recipes that I shared with you, it really helps out my channel and I really, really appreciate it. Thank you so much. Let's make this a fantastic week. Happy Monday once again and I'll see you guys in my next video. Bye. Hi. Hi.


It's a very good resolution, and they pose it not like the screen in the upper floor, but really in the right height. It's really questionable, a few centimeters, it's quite important in ergonomics. And it's good for communication by Zoom, for Skype. I can share my formal and original, like usual, blackboard or whiteboard. Also, this is very convenient because it has a built-in microphone, so I can speak to my colleagues who are on Zoom directly to the screen, and the sound comes directly from the screen. It's pretty convenient, so it's almost like a real-life seminar.