We have, in the past, investigated the still unexplained, now lost, stonewalling technique, now commonly referred to as polygonal masonry. We have described the incredible feat that this technique involved, the mystery of how an ancient civilization once cut and perfectly fitted together these enormous jigsaw puzzles, sometimes comprised of megalithic blocks weighing many tons in weight. However, we have also covered the coalescence of this polygonal technique with another, which has become known as Cyclopia within Italy, with the Cyclopian walls built upon those by those who possessed the ability to create polygonal masonry. All but proving that this Cyclopian technique predated that of seemingly more competent polygonal technique. But just how old these techniques are, or indeed the age of these structures themselves, is now lost to history. However, our next area of interest may shed some light on these sites' considerable age, if you consider the evidence that the site itself presents. Known as the palasgic wall, it is located upon a gigantic, once-leveled natural rock within the acropolis of Athens. The wall, during the time of Thuclitides, was claimed to have stood several meters high and six meters broad. It surrounded the entirety of the ruin, with a large, visible fragment of the original wall, demonstrating this claimed scale still standing and located upon the southern side, close to the original entrance. Yet today, the beveling can be seen, but the wall has all but vanished, with the foundation of the wall laying below several feet of natural sediment buildup, indicative of a tremendous age. Said to have been built by the palagians, hence the name given to the wall, not only does the sediment present at the site suggest a far more tremendous age, but the sheer size of the structure, along with the rock it now sits upon, that was entirely leveled at some point within ancient antiquity, all points to an ancient feat far beyond the capability of known ancient Grecians, and just like that of polygonal masonry, predictably can be seen at sites just like that of polygonal, which are often surrounded by controversy when it comes to the claimed construction and origin of said sites. We logically conclude that these attributions to different groups within known history easily identified in other locations where these groups never ventured, is solid proof that those who state such false truths know they are indeed being deceptive. It is a ruin which we find highly compelling. The Lama Su Incredible monuments, undoubtedly constructed during an incredible time within human history, worshipped as celestial beings within ancient Mesopotamian religion.  These anthropomorphic statues appear frequently throughout Mesopotamian art, indicating a strong importance to their cultural beliefs. It is now understood that the Lama Su were perceived as household protective spirits within ancient Babylonian belief systems, becoming associated later as royal protectors which were placed as sentinels at entrances. The reason for our video, however, does not surround the religious importance or indeed cultural history of the Lama Su. Instead, we wish to explore the enormous inexplicable size and thus weight of these incredible ancient statues. How did an ancient people that, according to academia, existed within our own well-studied cycle of development, accomplish the movement and placement of such gigantic stone carvings? If we look at the efforts of Henry Lainard, for example, made within 1847, you soon realize that the mammoth scale and as yet unexplained undertaking, the placement of these masterfully decorated stones must have been. After discovering more than half a dozen pairs of these colossal statues, some depicting lions, some depicting bulls, often weighing up to 27 metric tons, Henry Lainard decided that he would attempt to bring two of these smaller artworks weighing in at a mere 10 tons each to England. However, he found that after an 18-month, painstaking, torturous journey, which included several near disasters, just how incredible the placement of these monuments once were. He eventually succeeded in bringing them to a British museum. Although this involved loading them onto a wheeled cart, lowered with a complex system of pulleys and levers operated by dozens of men, he initially tried to hook the cart up to a team of buffalo and have their brute natural strength haul the stones, although they refused to move. He then selected a reinforced cart for their transport, which required over 300 men to move it. This was soon realized to be far too hazardous, so he then wrestled with and opted for the decision to load them onto a barge. This required well over 600 goat skins and sheep skins just to keep it afloat. After eventually arriving in London, a custom-built ramp was constructed at great expense just to allow the crew of many hundreds of men to haul them up the steps and into the museum itself. An astonishing and clearly exhaustive exercise, which clearly demonstrates the civilization capable for constructing and placing these statues in their original positions were clearly far more capable than our recent ancestors placed a mere century ago. This dramatic sequence of events is clear indication that the national museums involved in the funding and transport of such exhibits, even back in 1847, were more than aware of the astonishing feats these monuments were, yet are seemingly committed to a conspiracy which we believed is severely limited in accurate chronological events. Although claimed as Assyrian, dating back as far as the 25th century BC, these monuments, we feel, were clearly reused by this culture, possibly due to their astonishing size. Who carved the Lamassu? How did they move statues, weighing nearly 30 tauts? We feel that these monoliths were left by a lost, once highly capable, advanced civilization. And as such, we find them highly compelling. We have in the past covered countless incredible and compelling ruins which can be found within Japan, indeed all over the world, upon which we continue to find connecting features which not only suggest there was once a global, ancient, highly advanced civilization, but the chance that these architectural techniques came about at the same time in history, the world over, by coincidence, is so slim that many said features, we feel, can instead only be seen as corroborating evidence of their past existence. Metal clamping techniques, enormous ancient megaliths, false doors, and the as yet to be fully understood polygonal masonry techniques, have now been discovered the world over, and Japan is of no exception. Along with the polygonal masonry found upon the foundations of many temple sites, there is also the ancient fortresses of Okinawa, which also display the same uncanny ability as other sites globally, constructed of seemingly random-shaped stones perfectly placed atop one another. Later in Castle, Zakimi Castle, among many other Gusuku castles or ancient fortresses found upon the Ryukyu Islands within Japan, all contain this same ancient masonry technique, exhibiting this now lost knowledge and thus lost civilizations know-how. Although many of the sites are claimed as restorations, any explanation as to how this ancient masonry technique was replicated within modern history remains unexplained. We must then presume that the ancient sites which exhibit this lost technique have remained intact for untold millennia, and have subsequently been misdated as constructed within known New World antiquities. Found upon such ancient sites, located within Peru, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, even as far as the notoriously remote Easter Island, these sites all exhibiting this same lost masonry technique. How can we continue to take these discoveries for granted, dismissed by academics, simply due to modern paradigm, absent any logical argument to explain or indeed disregard this proof of a now lost yet once global super-civilization having once been responsible? We must continue to rely on the Bering Strait theory of human migration, and ignore any site which is indicative of not only earlier construction, but matching characteristics with other sites the world over, which, according to said theory, simply could not have been visited by ancient civilizations, long argued as a feat which ancients were incapable of. The evidence which contradicts these claims, however, can be found still in existence upon these ancient sites. How old are the ancient fortresses of Ryukyu Islands, or indeed the other polygonal sites throughout Japan and the rest of the world? Who were responsible for these incredible sites? We feel simply dismissing the evidence which shows they were the work of the same civilization is not only illogical, but is a great example of the ignorance of mainstream-funded institutes in regard to a possible lost chapter in human history. It is a journey of discovery which we find highly compelling. Who Built the Bolavi Mausoleum? There are many, as yet unexplained, ruins which can be found within modern-day Turkey, the temples of Balback, the Batara Pipelines, among many others, yet the Bolavi Mausoleum, like the other most astonishing ancient structures to be found here upon our earth, are quietly overlooked. It is a monumental ancient structure, located near Sychuk in the Aegean province of Izmish. It is the second-largest ancient mausoleum in Anatolia, which, predictably, academia contends as a tomb, dated from the Hellenistic era around the 3rd century BC. However, like many other of the wondrous ancient structures to be found within antiquity, it contains astonishing, precise, as yet unexplained architecture, indicative of a lost knowledge, thus lost civilization. The Bolavi Mausoleum has seemingly survived the eons, still possessing an array of compelling features which fly in the face of current academic explanation. How did an ancient civilization, even if, as academia claims, was placed a mere 2,000 years ago, accomplish such precision within the stonework? Or indeed, accomplish such precision in the placement of such enormous ancient stones? It is known as a tomb, because, like many of the other structures that were clearly of an astonishing nature at earlier times within history, were undoubtedly chosen by leading individuals as their place of burial. With the ruler of the Selucid dynasty, Antiochus II Theos, his nickname, meaning God, was given to him by the residents of Miletus. Antiochus II died in 246 BC. This body, and indeed his rather modern legacy, has allowed academia to claim a date to the construction. However, the advanced precision techniques involved in its original build are, fortunately, still clear for all to see. Indeed the Bolavi Mausoleum could have once been the burial site of an important person. Yet we feel that this original individual dates from a time far before anything academia would ever permit the admittance of. The chamber, or sarcophagus of the mausoleum, precisely carved from solid rock, had a square plan with a length of 29 meters and a height of 10 meters. From the outside, the rock obscuring the mausoleum was covered with marble slabs. The marble was traced to a quarry in the vicinity of Ephesus. Yet to complete the decorations of the mausoleum, up to 2,500 cubic meters of marble had to have once been excavated. There was also once a second level, surrounded by 28 columns, although over the eons this has virtually turned to dust. When completed, it would have formed a steep pyramid with a statue crowning its top. Who built the Bolavi Mausoleum? Was it once an elaborate ancient tomb? If so, who was buried there? It is undoubtedly highly compelling. Tokyo's Imperial Palace, home of the Japanese Emperor and a place which holds many secrets. Some it seems hidden in plain sight for countless centuries. For many years people have visited this marvelous building and the perfectly kept grounds it is placed within. What is interesting regarding its historical history is the fact that much of it is hidden and yet to be told. The oldest historical accounts for the palace date back to 1457 AD, when a great warrior known as Edo Shigetsugu built the castle Edo on the site. Edo's clan would perish in the 15th century as a result of uprisings in the Kanto and Ota-Dokan regions of Japan. However, what is interesting regarding the palace's construction is its foundations. Including the exterior wall, which many now believe was already in existence before the castle's construction, and also the reason the site was chosen all those years ago by the warrior Edo himself. The construction techniques visible in the original construction are clearly evidence of highly advanced building techniques, completed by a clearly highly advanced civilization. And these methods used within the foundations were not replicated throughout the more recent structure, as if forgotten between builds. Additionally, a piece of artificial evidence was recently covered. A highly compelling building technique, which unquestionably links many ancient sites to one another, found all over the world, showing an intercontinental sharing of building knowledge many millennia ago. Known as the missing metal clamps, their carved seats still present upon many of the most ancient stonework at the palace, eroded away metal clamps used to keep the stones firmly in place as they settled over the following years after construction. Present at countless sites across the world, a technique somehow shared worldwide, only differing from country to country in their process of manufacture. The evidence to suggest that the palace of Japan is in fact built upon a far older and possibly once far more spectacular structure seems overwhelming. What questions remain, most obvious of which, who built the structure to begin with? When did they build it? And what was its purpose? Thankfully, the more we understand regarding the perplexing techniques used by this elusive, yet clearly once highly advanced civilization, the more of these ruins we are seemingly spotting, allowing for their study in subsequent preservation before lost forever. Thanks for watching guys, and until next time, take care. Mazda Cave, within modern-day Turkey, is unquestionably an astonishing place. An enormous cave system that many people simply assume is a natural formation, with select areas quarried out, subsequently used to build numerous ruins throughout the area. However, what many people have seemingly overlooked, and we presume funded academics have deliberately ignored, are the signatures left all over the stonework throughout the network of caverns, strongly indicating that this huge complex was once somehow hewn by ancient man. Also, and perhaps most intriguingly, is that this task was completed using a number of different advanced tools, whose marking, thanks to ours and others astute research, has also been found scarred upon many other ancient sites, some located far away from this enigmatic cave system. The stone, once quarried out to create this enormous cavern, subsequently located as having been used to create a number of remarkable precision-cut monuments, including a once existing wall which surrounded an ancient site known as Hieron. Additionally, due to the realization of this quarried stone having been used in Hieron, in addition to our own previous research, we have successfully linked Basda, to yet more ancient ruins, all dated to vastly different areas within history. Thanks to our channel's creator possessing a photographic memory, we have correlated undeniable characteristic similarities, connecting many of these ancient sites throughout the world. Firstly, the signatures left by advanced stone-cutting technologies, toolmarks left upon the cave system's walls. Scars upon the stonework, which are present at many other sites, Balbak in Lebanon, Petra in Jordan, Yangshan quarry within China, and at least two rock-cut monuments within India, the roof of a precision-cut cave, and an unfinished temple known as Veduvankoyal. This crescent-shaped scarring, often of an overlapping fashion, we feel, is reminiscent of scars left by modern-day tunnel-boring equipment. Yet due to the lack of in-depth research surrounding such anomalies, with these toolmarks, as far as we are aware, only receiving limited attention at Balbak, and merely photographed at Yangshan, have begun to name such markings ourselves in an effort to categorize and identify such curiosities being discovered worldwide, with these now known to us as crescent cup and ringmarks. The second form of scarring, found upon much of the cave's roof, now known to us as grove and ridge markings, are distinctly different in form and appearance to the crescent cup and ringmarks. These rows of grooved scars, however, are identical to those found in plain sight upon the unfinished obelisk located within Aswan quarry Egypt. A stone monument well over a thousand tons in weight, which has long been academically argued, has having been abandoned where it lay, due to a fault lie discovered during the quarrying process. However, interestingly, others have presented strong evidence that this crack appeared later within history. A fellow alternative researcher, Chris Dunn, argues within his book, Advanced Technology in Ancient Egypt, that the crack happened later on in the obelisk's life, and that the monolith was abandoned before the fault appeared. Backing up his claim, he shows that details upon the monument were being engraved over the top of the location of the fault line, an undertaking that would have clearly been illogical. Although he does not put forward a postulation as to why this crack occurred, we believe it may have been due to a shift in the surrounding geography, more than likely a ground-shifting earthquake, not only cracking the obelisk, but possibly due to and accompanied by a cataclysmic event which quite possibly caused the demise of the civilization, who were liberating the obelisk, thus leaving it unfinished. But eye digress. Our focus is upon the scars left by enigmatic, clearly advanced stone-cutting tools, preserved with clarity upon the erosion-resistant granite of the obelisk. These exact markings also undeniably litter the ceiling of the Bosda Cave. Additionally, these groove and ridge marks are also found upon the megalithic, often polygonal stonework within Peru, at Cusco, the fortress of Saxe Huaman and Machu Picchu, the name but a few. The third set of signature scarring upon the cave stone walls links Bosda Cave to another, similarly gigantic, artificially created cave system, known as Longyu Caves, located within China. Once an undoubtedly immense excavation, yet the quarried stone from this undertaking has never been located. Tons of tons of stone seemingly vanished from the face of the earth. However, thankfully, the quarried stone from the Bosda Cave systems, as mentioned, was utilized and located. However, the civilization responsible for shaping these quarried stones at Haran were unquestionably responsible for several other sites found around the world. YouTube channel New Earth, first linking these curiously shaped stones to Nimad's fortress on Mount Hermann, with Jarash in Jordan, with us continuing this trail of connecting ancient dots, thankfully due to the uniqueness of stonework. Let's compare the Nimrod fortress with this historic city in Jordan, which according to mainstream sources, was conquered by the Romans and they built their typical Roman architecture consisting of columns and so on on the top of the older ruins.  Now those very same blocks, when they are in Balbek, they are telling us it's Roman. In the Temple Mount they are again assuring us that they are some 2,000 years old. In Bosnia they are telling us they are, whatever, 3 or more thousand years old and of course they are built by some obscure unknown tribe of which even the name they had to fabricate. Enabling us to link the Royal Kurgan in Crimea to New Earth's discoveries and now to the ancient ruins of Haran in Turkey. Not only can we argue that this cave system was indeed man-made, but is the only site we know of that possesses such an array of these enigmatic stone-cutting technology scars, allowing us to successfully link it to at least 15 ancient sites around the world. The cave itself, Bosran, Haran, Balbek, Petra, Jerash, Yangshan, Longyu, Vetivankoyl, Malmala-Param, Cusco, Saxehuaman and Machu Picchu, Nimrod's Fortress and the Royal Kurgan, possibly many others we are yet to recognize. In conclusion, the vast array of different as yet unidentified advanced stone-cutting equipment scars present within the cave, each leaving its own unique signature upon the stone. The shaping of these stones, unique to an unknown civilization's signature handiwork, found worldwide, used within an array of as yet unexplained ruins, academically claimed to be of vastly different ages and the work of vastly different cultures. We find it not only clear evidence of academic fallacy, but incredibly compelling.


We have two tubes containing bromine vapor. One tube is at atmospheric pressure. The other tube has had some of the air removed and is at low pressure. As the tubes go into the liquid nitrogen, the bromine vapor condenses. The bromine in the low pressure tube condenses more rapidly than the bromine in the atmospheric pressure tube. The low pressure tube has a smaller number of gas molecules. So the bromine molecules are able to travel a further distance between collisions. This allows them to reach the cold surface of the liquid nitrogen faster than the bromine molecules in the atmospheric pressure tube. In the atmospheric pressure tube, the bromine collides with large numbers of molecules. These collisions deflect the bromine away from the cold surface, so it takes a longer time for the bromine to diffuse down and condense.


Hey guys, welcome back to my channel. My name is Sonali, if you guys didn't already know me, and today I'm gonna be doing a get ready with me. Today is game day here at UCF, and I just wanted to do my makeup a little bit more nicer because I feel like in college, I never get to do my makeup anymore because everyone just bums it on campus. So when I do have the chance to do my makeup, I usually love to go all out. And today, that's what I did. I have a little glitter on my eyelids, which I'm so obsessed with. You'll see it in a second. But if you guys wanna see how I got this look, then keep on watching. So this is a toner by Lush. It's called Boo Roma Water. I think that's how you pronounce it. And this actually helps to fight blemishes. So I use this as kind of like a primer water, but I also use another primer after this because I just wanted to like all stick on my face, you know? So I mixed this step in with my moisturizer. I actually recently got this one. It's the Ole Regenerist Microsculpting Cream. And I don't put a lot of this on. I mean, it's such a tiny container, so I'm kind of greedy with it.   So then we're done with the moisturizing step. And then we're gonna go into the actual primer. I'm sorry about my voice.  I had like post-nasal drip. I don't even know what that is still, but it sucked. I like have never lost my voice from screaming or anything. So it was just like really weird because it took so much effort to talk and it still does. Like it's still not all the way there, which is like really getting me mad now because I just want to be better already. And that's like a main reason why I couldn't film for like a good amount of time. The primer I just put on was the Poor Professional by Benefit. Today is actually a game day for UCF. So I'm just getting ready and we're gonna go to a tailgate later and hopefully I'll get seaside today because I am obsessed. Actually it's called Sus High. My bad, my bad. I think I'll always call it Sus High though. This is the Makeup Forever HD Foundation Stick. A lot of people ask me what foundation I use and I'm really flattered, thank you. But yeah, so this is the foundation. I look so pretty right now. And I literally love it so much.  Like you should have just kept that one. Cause like sometimes you just like don't need to like fix something that's not broken. So this foundation is like actually so perfect and like it matches my skin color like even when I'm like dark or like light. I don't know how, but it just like looks so good all the time. So I really, really recommend this. Obviously it's not gonna work out on every single person which is really unfortunate. I really wish somebody would invent a foundation that would be so universal. Probably impossible though. So I'm actually blending it out with the Profolus Airbrush from Sephora. I literally say those two steps in like almost every video. It's in the past what year. I don't know how I've been using the foundation but feels like forever. But unfortunately I'm a broke college kid and I don't really have that much money to just like buy foundations just to test out. Like if I needed a new foundation then I would buy it. Next I'll be using my Naked Skin Concealer in the color Medium Neutral.  But I just repurchased this concealer on Sephora.com. I'm so excited to get it cause it's like really hard to get all this out. And then I put a little bit on my eyelids because I just feel like concealer is a lot better of an eyelid primer than a lot of other eyelid primers. I used to use the MAC eyelid primer in the color Laying Low.  Wasn't that long ago actually, that's pretty recent. It kind of made my eyelids a little bit cakey. And this eyelid primer makes my eyelids like not cakey but it does kind of leave them a little bit oily because it's not as thick of a primer but I do set it. So I'll show you guys how I do that and it literally makes the world of a difference. And I actually use my Beauty Blender Dry. I know that may sound like super weird to you guys but sometimes it's just so inconvenient to wet it. And I don't know, I just feel like a lot of the product actually stays on my face instead of coming off on the sponge if I don't wet my sponge. But I feel like it's just like a preference sometimes. Beauty Blender can be used in both ways. Cause I have used my Beauty Blender Wet with like a lot of other foundations and it worked so well but this foundation and this concealer it just doesn't mix like with water. I don't know, it just like doesn't, doesn't go. So I would really recommend if you were to get the stick foundation to blend it out with a brush. Also don't mind my eyebrows. They're in the stages of growing out because when I went home this summer I went to like different people than usual. And you know, when that happens, they kind of mess them up. So now they're like super, super thin. And I used to have such like nice eyebrows. So sad. Gotta go through the ugly stages to get to the fleaky ones, right? So next I'm actually gonna be baking with my Laura Mercier powder. I love this powder.  But literally if you have not tried it, please do try it. I really don't think like drugstore powders match up to this and like the quality and just like the texture and especially like the flashback on your iPhone camera if you're taking a flash picture.  So I think you'll be good. It is amazing because it gives you that like flawless look. Like it literally makes your under eyes look flawless, creaseless and I don't know, I just can't say enough good things about it. And I also set my eyelids and really just press that in. So if you do put on eyeshadow later, it will be a lot easier to blend out. As you can see, I didn't use excess powder.  Like this is still baking. Like there is a little bit of excess and I'm definitely gonna wipe it off but you don't have to slap it on. And it definitely wastes less products. So while we wait for the powder to just like settle in my face, I'm gonna go ahead and like wipe off the excess on my eyes and get started on my eyeshadow. I've come to realize that my makeup looks a lot better when I don't have any eyeshadow on or like really minimal or just like really natural browns. But I haven't played with like any of my like nice lid colors or glitters or anything like that. Today I'm just gonna go back to the old me and do a little bit of glitter on my eyelid or we'll see how I'm feeling. Amen. First I'm taking my favorite color by MAC. This is saddle and my next favorite color by MAC is corduroy. So I like to just put it all over my lid at first and then just blend it into the crease. My eye looks have been so minimal lately but I really enjoy it because first of all it doesn't take me as much time as it used to and it just looks so much like more natural, you know? So I'm really gonna be focusing saddle the lighter color all over my crease and kind of blending it up almost to my brow bone but not quite there.  This is such an easy smokey eye like probably the easiest smokey eye I could ever do. So as you can see the darker part is more on my lid and now I'm just gonna blend that out into the crease. I don't know if I wanna put glitter on. Like it looks so pretty without it. A while back I did actually a smokey eye video with these two colors and a bunch of other colors but now I see that I literally only need these two colors to make a really nice smokey eye. I don't know why, sometimes I just like complicate a lot of things, especially eye makeup like I go for a transition color, then another transition color, then like five more transition colors then we get into the medium colors and then we go into like five more dark colors. I don't know, it's a bad habit and I really need to like simplify things because obviously some people don't have like that big of a color range to choose from so I really wanna simplify it for you guys. Hopefully you guys can achieve the same look and I mean the key is really to blend it all out and you'll be fine with any colors you choose really. Even a blue like if you blend it out, it'll be good. I'm gonna blend a little more of the lighter color into my crease and just to make it a little bit more seamless. Okay, so I decided I'm going to attempt to put mooting on by Colourpop. Looks good in the pot, it looks good on your finger but somehow it just like doesn't really like look amazing on your eyelid. So I'm gonna really try it out again because I just don't know why that happens so this time I'm gonna use my finger and see if that works better. This is somewhat of like the same color but it has a little bit of a shimmer in it so we'll see.  Number one tip for Colourpop, do not use brushes. I don't know, it just like works a lot better with your finger because it is so creamy so wow, I don't know why I've never used my fingers before. Shout out to the devil on my shoulder for telling me to put glitter on my eye because I really like it. I love it, oh my God, yes. So I went ahead and did my eyebrows off camera because they're a mess and they still are a mess and just don't even look at them honestly.  I don't really wanna do a wing but I'm not sure if this looks like needs a wing or something, you know? Cause it's pretty dramatic. So we're just gonna play it my ear.  I'm gonna go back in with Corduroy and that was the darkest shade and then I'm just gonna put it on my lower lash line. So I basically just did my mascara because I literally do the same thing every single time and I use Lash Sensational by Maybelline, Volume Express by Maybelline and Roller Lash and oh my God, I literally use like 500 mascaras. Right now I'm taking my Nars Casino bronzer and I hit Pam so bad but I probably won't repurchase this. I actually just bought another bronzer and it's on its way here. It is the Beach Bronzer by Urban Decay. I just wanted to try it out. I actually never like swash it or anything so going in blind with this bronzer picking but I'm excited because I actually really wanted to find like a good contour color, not just like a bronzer, like a really nice contour color. So hopefully it suffices. Then I'm gonna put some on my forehead, jawline. I never really know what the difference is.  So I'm taking the Milani bronzer in Soleil and I'm just going to kinda buff it in right where I put my contour just on my cheeks though because this does have shimmer in it. I don't really want a lot of shimmer on my forehead or jawline or something like that. So it gives such a beautiful color. I actually like wasn't really searching for a bronzer but I saw this in CBS one day and like how can you like resist? Like the packaging is amazing and it's so beautiful. I thought it was a highlighter when I first saw it. Next I'm just gonna contour my nose real quick with this little sample Hula bronzer. I really don't know how to contour my nose. Like I've seen people start from here, bring it down and it looks okay but like some people's nose contours look so snatched and I really wanna like learn how to just make it so much better because my nose is like one of my biggest insecurities. So I love to learn.   Then for highlight I'm taking my Laura Galler Gilded Honey and first I'm gonna just gonna spray my brush with this rose water. I always wanna put on a nose highlight but like I know I'm gonna get so sweaty then it's not gonna look super cute. So I'm just gonna skip that stuff today. Then lastly for lips I'm gonna be taking a new color I just got. It's the NYX Liquid Suede in Sandstorm. It looks like this, it's so pretty. I kinda looks dumb right now but don't worry I'm gonna lip line. This is Colourpop Grunge. I know I look like I have clown lips right now and it's because I just like scrubbed my lips with the Glam Glow stuff. It plumps my lips to a whole another level which I like. I actually like applying lips like really really plump. So that's it of this look. I hope you guys really enjoyed seeing me create it and I will see you guys in my next video. Bye guys. I'm in love with you guys. I'm in love with you guys. I'm in love with you guys. I'm in love with you guys. I'm in love with you guys.


Hey, this is Brett and this 2019 Dodge Challenger Hellcat RedEye is stock number 14487Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used Dodge Challenger and sports car headquarters. This 2019 Dodge Challenger has a 6.2 liter V8 supercharged Hemi engine. It puts out 797 horsepower with the red key and it's paired up with the 8-speed automatic transmission. This car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. This car is 100% ready to go, very clean all the way around and that's exactly what I'm going to do in this video. Go all the way around inside, start it up, take a look under the hood, show you all the options and just give you the most accurate representation that I can of the vehicle. Granite Crystal Metallic is a color, I shoot all my videos in 4K. If you like the video, subscribe to the YouTube channel, click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each and every day, and stay current on our ever-changing and vast sports car inventory here at Summit Automotive so you do not miss out on gems like this one. This one comes with the 20-inch low gloss SRT wheels and it of course has the Brembo brakes with the huge platter rotors on there. It does have a couple little slots on there so they are slotted but not much and it does come with Pirelli P0 Nero tires, these are 27540 ZR20s and I would say they have right around half the tread left in the front here. You do get the Hellcat logo with of course the red eye, it's kind of like a jewel that's in there, it's pretty cool. And you can see that granite crystal, look how reflective that is, a lot of metal flake in there, really a good looking color. You can see just how nice the paint is as well, front fender absolutely perfect, no dents or dings on there, you do get the projector style headlamps, LED running lights, the front bumper and lower valance are in very nice condition, you can see the front bumper has never been drilled into, the grille is in excellent shape and you get the dual cowl induction hood, I didn't see any major dents or dings on the hood, looks really good and the passenger side front fender, absolutely perfect as well. Passenger side front wheel, no major scuffs or scrapes on there and this is a one owner clean title history clean car fax out of Pennsylvania. As you go down this side of this 2019 Dodge Challenger, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is, I take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the car, hear the car and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here, so when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at, a lot of people buy these cars from out of state so that's why we do the videos, we want to make sure that we're given our most accurate representation possible so if you do come get the car, you know exactly what you're going to be getting, you get these slotted rotors back here with the Brembo brakes as well, back wheels in pretty nice shape and the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. I would show you underneath the car, we do have pictures of the underbody on our website and that's linked in the description below so check those out there, it's just very hard to get my gimbal underneath the car in the picture studio here. Rear bumpers in excellent shape, you get the backup parking sensors, the dark chrome tipped dual rear exhaust, you get that black fascia on the trunk lid there, you get the red-eye Hellcat logo and the LED tail lamps, the big decklid spoiler, you also have the trunk popper which is nice to get into the trunk, does have a light projection coming from up here so that's pretty cool and that projects down on there, here's the original window sticker, feel free to pause this, I'm not going to go through everything just to keep this video a little bit shorter but I'll link this in the description below as well, you can see the 27Z is the package or the red-eye package, this one has the red seat belts, the 309 rear axle ratio and the SRT performance spoiler so originally this was a $75,275 car, here's the highway, great fuel economy for a car with almost 800 horsepower, kind of crazy, anyways underneath here is your tire inflator kit and your battery, very nice and clean back there, shock so you're doing a great job holding that trunk lid up, always something you want to check on these challengers and coming down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side, no major dents or dings on the rear quarter, looks really really good and for full disclosure this back wheel is just as nice as the rest and down the rest of the side doors, door looks all again has the heated power mirrors, the other cool thing they added the Hellcat red-eye lights on the bottoms of the doors too on the puddle lights, Alpine premium sound system and they also did a Catskin leather in here, so Catskin is the official aftermarket leather of Mopar and or Chrysler and you get the SRT stitched backrest, no rips or tears on those seats, they're in really nice shape, power driver seat with lumbar, get the SRT floor mats, the bright pedals, auto headlamps and tilt telescopic steering wheel, back seats are trimmed out the same way, got those red seat belts they look really good and factory floor mats down there, hop inside check out the miles, radio everything that this one has to offer and then we're gonna start it up, listen to it start up and then take a look under the hood, you get the red-eye animation at the beginning there, digital speedometer, instrument cluster is very nice and clean on that 7-inch LCD display and it comes with the leather-wrapped heated steering wheel, you do get cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, paddle shifters on the back as well as audio controls, do note that the SRT lights up on the steering wheel, that is pretty cool, one of my favorite parts of the red-eyes, flat bottom steering wheel, push button start and then you also have the 8.4 4C radio, you get AM, FM and SiriusXM radio capabilities, you also have all your climate controls on here including your dual climate controls, you get your heated seats and heated steering wheel controls there as well and then you have all your different apps on here including SRT modes, projection manager, you can project your cell phone to the screen so while this one doesn't have the factory navigation system project your cell phone up there with ways or Google Maps, it's like you have NavRain the screen, we did a demo on Android Auto, if you want to check that out that's in the upper right hand part of the screen but it basically just put nav right up there so that's a really nice feature, you get your SRT modes on here where you can basically customize your traction, suspension and steering to however you want it and then you also have the performance pages, they do take a second to load so while they are loading, down here is your more tactile volume tune and climate controls, SRT launch modes, volume tune, dual climate controls, push button start and then your 8-speed automatic transmission, center counsels in pretty nice shape and then here are your performance pages so you can see you get the dyno there obviously it's not doing anything because the engine's off, you get G-Force, gauges, timers and of course your home screen with the different widgets and you can change all those however you want so a lot of great stuff you can do with this car, passenger side format and seat are in excellent shape, no rips or tears on there, the headliners in nice condition, you do get map lights up here, home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems and assistant SOS buttons in the mirror, does have the keyless entry with the remote start and this is the black key and we do have two red keys that go with this car so what I'm going to do is I'm going to start it up and we can listen to it start up from behind the car and then we'll check out under the hood all you got to do is lock it, press the remote start twice, my microphone ready, starts right up, sounds really good, Hellcats are one of my favorite sounding exhausts especially the red eye, you get the LED tail lamps, LED corner lights, now I do have to actually start this up so we have to go back in, put your foot on the brake, then press the start button and now it's ready to go, I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality, condition, options and of course cleanliness of this car all the way around inside and out, all lights are working nicely in the air induction, you get the Hellcat logo in there, this is pretty cool, under the hood we have the 6.2 liter supercharged V8 Hemi engine, 797 horsepower engine base, very clean, runs very smooth, once again this car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluid tab been checked and topped off, this car is 100% ready to go, shocks are doing a great job holding that hood up, there's the emissions sticker and I would highly recommend this car from a quality and condition standpoint, I'd ship this one back to Pennsylvania, California, Texas, New York, Florida, whoever's gonna get this one's gonna be absolutely thrilled with it, very good looking car and some nice additions done to it but not too much and it's just about one of the best colors on a challenger as well and to see more pictures of this car one of rather 550 new news cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, sports cars, challengers, chargers, Mustangs, Hellcats, GT500s, Corvette, ZL1s, Camaros, you name it we got to go to the website right there, summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com, if you want to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto click the bell notifications, good updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs vehicle and sports car walk-arounds in YouTube and stay current on our ever-changing and vast inventory so you do not miss out on unique and beautiful cars like this one in fact any second you'll see link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left a link to all the challenger videos I've ever done in the upper right a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right with those check us out we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean 2019 Dodge Challenger Hellcat red-eye in granite crystal metal thank you so much for checking out the video remember to like subscribe and share in the YouTube channel I really appreciate it thanks again have a great day


Not too shabby nor too shabby. It's coming along. I hope you like it I love the color love the color the red. Mmm. Just pops. Okay comment of the week. It's Tuesday. I'm one day late I apologize. I Yeah, I think I think hopefully the fumes from the paint aren't getting to my brain. No, I'm painting outside So I think we're good, but it's just that out of that rhythm within the evenings Usually I have a little bit of time to relax hang out chill, but with painting It's like I get home from work and I'm just boom hitting the ground run and moving my arm back and forth So sorry, I forgot the comment of the week yesterday. Here we go and guess what? I I'm glad I went back and so I look at the previous seven days and I find the best comment and I miss this one completely I apologize Garrett Garrett you get the comment of the week Is his name on YouTube is wearing me? This is what he said and this is in on the video the vlog called comment of the week backslash storm cloud Okay, so this is a perfect QD I used to get a lot of hate on my most popular video and then I took the comments off that was my first Oh, yeah, this was in reference to talking about How do you deal with negativity on YouTube and social media as a whole I believe I believe so this is what he said This is a perfect QD I used to get a lot of hate on my most popular video then I took the comments off That was my first experience with online hate and I really let it get to me Later on I received more dislikes every video and more hate comments more views equals more hate In reference to YouTube, but eventually once I got more and more I stopped caring caring about the negativity I don't subscribe to the idea that you should ignore negativity and only focus on the positive because sometimes the negativity can better you I may have suffered through the hate a couple years ago, but because of it now I have thicker skin Remember yesterday's vlog I talked about why I do the question the day it's to get to know all of you YouTube better. I just learned a lot about Garrett Garrett has now thick skin thanks to some challenging situations that arose on YouTube on his own personal channel, which you can check out below and This is also in connection to the Hensley army and like listen when you put yourself out there Yeah, you're gonna be criticized people are gonna your when you put yourself in the spotlight You're there you're opening yourself up to criticism or to negativity, but I say why not get in the arena and fight for whatever you believe in I believe in a lot of things and I'm willing to put myself into that arena of criticism and negativity and Hopefully not bloodshed, but you never know so it's like Take that. I'm just I'm a big proponent of taking that leap of faith and that risk when it comes to sharing your story To being transparent with others Don't focus on the negative all the time.    All right off to date night. I think we're taking the little car What's windy? What is going on here? All right, you ready for the quick little time-lapse Bye boys. We love you.  Just turned on the car cleared them out cleared them out. It's so funny They're shouting something. Can I roll this window down? Don't touch it. Oh, yeah, don't touch it. We love you YouTube. Did you see today's vlog? No, I didn't know perfect You'll catch up. We I talked about how I want to do better at the question of the day because I want to get to know Do better you in there? You're so patriotic. I know So anyway, all right, we got to decide where we're going. Yeah, okay That's not tequila, it's water Every week today It was so good. I love Mexican food, too. That's part of it. The chips and guac were amazing I think they make their own ships right addition to the guac obviously. It was tremendous Yeah, first the the tacos were that I got were amazing. So highly recommend Okay, we know where day Your Spanish person out there It was amazing and then should we show what happened at the end? Oh, yeah Just because tell what the waitress said because that was sweet.  They gave us these Free Coupons to come back. Not just one. She gave one to both of us. Oh, and so the margaritas. I feel like our six bucks That's 12 bucks. Thank you. We work hard on each other and we will see you tomorrow With a more diverse


from Sumaya College of Engineering and I will be talking with respect to the University of Mumbai it belongs to I mean KJ Sumaya College of Engineering belongs to Mumbai University. I am from Computer Engineering Department Assistant Professor there from last 9 years and I will be talking about the syllabus, lesson plan, experimentalist, university exam papers and the institute's term test papers. And before actually going to the topic I like to share my thoughts and I am always say this satisfied teacher now also because always when I used to go to the class since there are a spectrum of students from low grade to average and the experienced one I mean the more excellent or brilliant students I was never felt that I am satisfying the needs of all the students and I am always worried what is the solution for this can I alone be able to solve this problem but there was no solution as I was having any dream or anything like that. But today I am very happy that after 6 months where there is will be a some solution for this and I am a part of the solution I am very happy and thankful to Dr. Patak sir. The syllabus is actually given by the university and it is sent to all the colleges and they have the classes given it is for all the branches that is number of lectures per semester is 3 and the second semester is 2. Actually in the university we have semester 1 and semester 2 and it is called as CP 1 as a computer programming language 1 and computer programming language 2 and in the first semester we have C and C++ and in the second semester we have Java and the first semester we have only 3 hours given for C and C++. And coming to the evaluation system we are having examination of 3 hours 100 marks question and term of 25 marks then total 125 marks given for the subject. Then coming to the syllabus we are having 6 modules coming from I will be starting with the structured programming using C++ and the end we will be having object to introduction to object oriented program. In the beginning we will be starting with the concepts of structured programming using C++ only but we will not be using the any object oriented concept like classes and all. So we will be starting with you can say the programming simple programming languages you start from the fundamentals like characters, identifiers, keywords data types and everything and the number of hours is also given by the university. But this number of this is just the guidelines depending on the teacher who is taking this subject they can change the number of hours when they take actually or when the plan in the beginning of the semester that is given in the teaching plan. Then we have data input and output the control statements if else while do and the loops then we have functions and arrays we have in the end point or structures and unions and at the end two units are given for object oriented programming and again in that the late binding and the advanced topics of the object oriented. So totally we will be having a 14 weeks of semester of 3 hours per week so totally nearly 42 lectures we will get. And again we can take 35 to more than 35 to 45 lectures or 42 lectures we get excluding the holidays. And coming to the term work term work includes 25 marks and this term work marks is divided into 10 marks for the written test and in a semester of 14 weeks there will be two tests conducted one at the mid of the semester and one at the end of the semester of 25 marks each and that will be at the end converted into 10 marks. And usually in our college we take the two tests and the average and then we convert that into 10 marks and the 5 marks is given for the attendance because this university feels and everybody feels if the students are attending regularly he has to be rewarded for that and hence the marks they get also increases. And documentation and assignment this is respect to the practicals they we perform the students perform given for 10 marks. And this subjects CP1 we are having the university says we have to conduct 20 experiments conduct 20 experiments from the syllabus and if required teachers can give their own assignments. So 20 experiments in the 14 weeks so we can expect the students to complete minimum two to two experiments in a practical once practical searcher. And they give textbooks and their references books this is a university question paper of May 2008 last year it is a 100 marks you can see your first question is made compulsory of 20 marks usually the questions we can expect 7 questions one is first question that is of 20 marks all the questions carries equal marks but the first question is made compulsory and all other questions carries even the 20 marks but out of 6 sorry 5 the students can attempt any 3 questions usually in the first question like objective type 2 3 marks questions are expecting the outputs are from the given programmer as so that the students can at least score marks in that and other part we can expect programming as well as the description. This is from the you know December 2000 paper. What I think is if you turn over the next page here also you had this question explain storage class if one programming example. Yes sometimes I think in the university our university we can expect a 60 or 40 percent of the repeated questions repeated questions at least 40 percent I say you have been conducting JEE for 50 years and we don't repeat a single question but it can be like this also because for the students the syllabus is vast and they will not be having how much is to study how much depth we are supposed to study. This is one of one of the major worries that almost all educationists in the country have that this pattern continues how do this is one of the reasons why because I thought this practice died in 70s and I was a student this used to happen sir so in my first year I studied all subjects all syllabus in second year I could study only 60 percent of the syllabus and get 85 marks because 6 out of 10 was the standard this thing and then again I had to study because the questions there in those days were repeated from alternate years in the past. Only in one paper I remember building materials there's some crazy paper sitter who did not repeat questions from alternate years but repeated a question from the second year prior to this so I had no clue on that I still don't know how I passed that subject but that so I had to make up for all that when I came to IIT as a student I was chewed up completely I survived just anyway that's a that's a university patterns you can do one of the objectives is that when you go back and when this portal and all actually becomes operational you should then make presentations to your own senate or hotel team saying look we must at least change this pattern but because you see university does not insist that the questions must be repeated right right university also does not insist that there must be a choice in the question paper it is the mindset of the paper setters actually yeah we can think it is also some reason that since many of the students joined to the engineering then at least the person who is above the average should pass and those who are excellent they will pass with good percentage like that keeping in mind that average students also should not fail I think this pattern is followed I feel I have a different feeling in a pedagogy I feel nobody should fail if anybody fails as a teacher I am personally responsible yes because if a student has not failed it could be for one of the two important reasons one the student has not studied and second I am not taught well and as a teacher I have to assume that all students are studying that therefore if they fail I am responsible so anyway but that's a pedagogy issue we will discuss that really thank you and I will show you the test papers which we give in our college and usually the test is for 25 marks of one hour duration max is okay this is a style we follow the department information and the test and the subject and usually we don't follow any of the guidelines like the question should be of this mass that mass because in this we are having intake of 60 students and there is five branches of double intake so nearly 500 students are entering into the engineering every year in our college so there are 10 staff members taking the subjects I mean teaching the theory and plus three more staff members handling the practicals so nearly I can say 30 to 40 student I mean faculty members are involved in teaching as well as in taking the practicals so we have a group CP faculties group and one or two people from computer one and from IT are made as the coordinators they discuss about the practical list and assignments test paper like that so this is a some exam question papers first test and this also mainly depends on how much portion we have covered that and we make it a point that this much of the portions has to be covered before the first test yes term test to two test one is the middle of the semester I can say after five to eight weeks five to six weeks the only thing is if you look at the marks allocated sir you have 25 marks two tests but you all convert that into 10 marks only yeah we take the average we club two but okay suppose I am a student sir then I will say that for all the kodakini that I do I will get only 10 marks whereas my theory paper marks are about 100 and five marks for attendance and 10 marks for documentation etc so all do you believe from your experience that students are really committed to do this the papers and they take it seriously yeah because during the exam is since so many colleges are involved in the university and we will not be knowing how the paper come and because nowhere it is described paper should come in this pattern so everybody is worried to get maximum marks in the term in general what is the past percentage of students in the university in this subject any idea you are in your own college in our own college it is more than scientific 85 yes and I repeat since he did not use the mic he's saying that there are 48 to 53 colleges in the university and as per his information the result typically is in the range of 40 to 50 percent for this subject okay we can say in this also because after the 12 the students are entering to the engineering stream in tables we can say everything is spoon fitted and they go to the classes and only the subjects whatever is given in that everything is available but as soon as they enter the engineering stream it is not like this the whole studying pattern changes and there are six subjects there to come regularly to the college in Bombay we can understand traveling only takes four hours and in other timings they attend all the lectures and in a day from 9 to 10 to 5 except one hour break lunch break they are totally busy and I think the people are finding seems difficult to cope up with the first year in the first semester not only for this subject I'm telling for all the subjects I think it is this is because I can understand being busy when we keep our students busy not only for eight hours but almost for 20 hours this is academic I'm just sorry but the major problem in the town is that the travel time is not just the time but the energy loss also and fatigue that sets him yes so when is a residential campus it is possible to work for many more hours without losing your energy okay and we have and do you also use the chalk and blackboard kind of thing yes we have lcd projectors one lcd projectors we have in the department if you feel I can take to the classroom and it is not installed in the classroom yeah but it is one project and if you have 600 students it is not that is the problem yes but we are having OHP projectors many people are using OHP's and we also use blackboard so those who use OHP sir how do they make slides do they write by hand yes we make a pen or whatever we use all the time sometimes when he sit and writing we write otherwise if I'm actually typing the program on the computer and I'm satisfied with that also I'll take the print out on the transparent how do you print so you're over at projectors huh but you need transparency you don't have a device like no no no means the transparency should be ready before we go to the class typically what is the cost of a transparency and transparency printing transparency 8 rupees outside 3 rupees per slide so you give the material people can give you printed slides for 3 rupees is it yes yes but I as I know it is 5 to 8 rupees some places okay and transparency and typically how many slides that teacher would be using in a lecture minimum 10 if it is only a problem explanatory 4 is also enough so 10 to 15 yeah 5 to 15 we can say depends on what if we take average 10 and you have 40 hours right yes 42 so what 400 to 500 slides so at 5 rupees you are talking about the expenditure of 2500 but there could be multiple classes going on simultaneously yeah yeah so you require multiple copies so what so what we are doing since many people's faculty members are involved in this so when we thought of making the transparencies we are given assignments like this I'll prepare this we'll prepare this you will prepare like that then we have shared those things and usually count the reason I'm asking this question I want your opinion on this is that while we prepare slides either in oddity or PDF or PPT format and include them it might be worthwhile to design slides for printing onto the plastic which people can print annual and this is the second test paper which covers the other part of the syllabus which recently sorry that semester as such is second part of the syllabus oh answer the following we are supposed to write descriptive answers what is data abstraction this is one line that depends on to understand their concept this is one question I have sir of course Bombay university this may not apply because students coming there uh should be reasonably good in their English expression but Bombay university will also affiliate their colleges in smaller towns now here's a question that I have explain the significance of constructors they expect me to write in English whatever two sentences or three sentences are you sure that all your students are capable of expressing themselves in English by constructing the answer or whether they would have read and mugged it up and they would reproduce it what is your experience my experience usually students write on their own in their own word okay because since 12th after 12th only they come means 11th and 12th they are studied in English medium only are you sure of that yes many people many people no I am talking about those few who have not studied in English till now I have not come across the concept meaning you are not worried so much about the syntax of English language yeah we are not the fundamental concept is understood yes you believe that person is understood oh I see but this is only for five months that's why some have to be done whereas in the programming problem they have to solve the problem it is very interesting because I find this more difficult than writing programs anyway the students are coming from 12th you know so they are very good in mugging of this thing that we know these they find these things very easy agree but the worry is that what we are trying to ensure is that the students understand and they are able to articulate themselves better yes so but since everything I mean the concepts of basic concepts of each you can see data abstraction constructs as the basic concepts we are asking so the students we as a 11th engineering students they should know these things I think they should know they will know it out yes but whether what they are telling you is what they know or what they are telling you is what they are mugging that's the question the one but I think that yeah answer is not how to understand their understanding or out of mugging and okay we don't know that yes we don't know but still when the staff members faculty checks the papers we'll understand whether the concept is clear or not it makes up both yes but I can see that you do have fairly number of good number of programming yes this is our institutional paper but the test paper during the lab or something or an assignment or report yeah but when a test is conducted you can't do it? But I am very happy that 10% people actually do the problems on their own. I thought the ratio was worse than right. Just added to this thing, what paper you have shown madam? Sir. Actually what happened since last two years, university has accepted some different practice. Previously every paper setter has to submit three papers and after that one has to be picked up from that and to be printed. Now what happened after that they have started a new practice like you know instead of picking up one complete paper they are taking two, three, two, three questions from different different papers. That might be the reason that question is you know interpreted. Okay. That is totally with the university. That is true. Not in the faculty side. Okay. And now. Just to, I mean because I do take these issues seriously. Sir. In the point in terms of examination, there are typically two completely independent teams. Okay. Which are setting of the paper but they completely take one paper. But each team ensures that there is no question repeated from following from the previous 40 years of exam. In general a paper setter would be aware of what questions were asked in the previous years or something. The problem is when you have to ask theory type of questions. Even a distinct theory type of questions can be asked every time. Problems you can give almost infinite numbers. So that is an issue. Yes sir. We follow in our college lesson plan contains analysis plan and one more lecture report format. This is the lesson plan. In the beginning of the semester since the subjects are allotted we do like this. To the, it comes with the subject and the division semester name of the faculties number of students and the which branch students will be teaching. And here since we know how many holidays may come, this is divided according to how many number of lectures I will be getting. So accordingly we will divide the portion into one hour, one hour lecture and according to that and here I will be giving whether I will be using a blackboard or the bohp like that and whether this portion is included in the lab assignments. That information and what are the books will be referring. And still I think in books referred some more improvement is will be trying to make what page numbers also from that text books we are referred that we are planning to insert. And even. No, it is important. When we build our own contents it does not matter what books are followed in IIT or at one particular place. But we should try and encompass all these things because immediately that is what will be the meaningful response subsequently let us say how we can evolve. And now this I am showing the list of experiments. Since we will be we are having 20 experiments compulsory questions we have to give experiments and we are made it a 6 units are there in the syllabus according to that questions are designed here questions 6 units are there. Then from each module we are given the questions and we are making the here we are made an attempt to give the simple simple programs for practice like one or two programs and other program the students should do. And here sometime we are given the choice also any from any of the four they can do from the other four they can do any of the two programs. In the lab sessions students actually write these programs. We expect actually this list is displayed before the students come to the lab. So, we expect them to come in some preparations like some logic or programming. Then what our friend observed becomes very pulting up. Yes sir. If you have read the list then I will go to Kalpana and say please show me a program and I will of course write it in. But even after that we are finding it difficult people are not coming with the programs even displaying this list they do not come with that much preparation I am feeling. This is my experience. Because they have to submit a printout generally in the summer college you can find out there is somebody before the book is a printout. But it is a printout the photocopy and the render printout is the same. Yes. So, there people is to do that. It is very interesting in 1965. Sir. This problem had arising in J. S. I. T. S. Indore. No. 1959. Before I went there in 1964. So, 58 of 59. After that what they started is the journals which are submitted. They used to punch a big hole through that journals. So, the same journals cannot be submitted. Yes sir. We do that. We do that now. Yes sir. That is very interesting. The practice is very good. And the answer to this even after displaying as I told the people will not come with the answers. So, they may not come prepared. Yes. But that means they will actually try on their own when they come to the lab. But that kills the time. With two hours within two hours they will not be able to do the four programs. So, here is a question if we can debate later. Sir. Instead of asking them to do four programs in a two hour lab. Would it not be better to ask them to do two programs in a better way? Yes. This is what we have done last year. And this is not to you of course. This is not to be prescribed by university. No, no, no. But we are following. This is we are done in the last year. But this time we made the other only we are expected. We are not asking them to do the practice program. We ask them to do at home or come. Then whatever the compulsory programs are they are supposed to do it. Other things like we have remote center and our college. Yes sir. Yes sir. Is this at center we have. I am from Somaya engineering. Yes sir. We are banking on that actually. I have no idea. But is it working all the way? Yeah, yeah. But I think last year we have started with and only our college people are getting the use of that. Now I think some more publication I mean published as required to take the people for that. In fact tomorrow when my colleagues Rahul and Samir Sahasrabudde and Arvind Patel discuss the technical issues please ask them third bear you know what problems you have, what problems they have or whatever because that whole thing has to work like a well oiled machinery. Otherwise the whole you know proposal will go ahead. And in we have one seminar hall which is in the same center where we have it is of 100 people capacity. 500 people. No, no 100. 100. And we have 3 servers of 4 GB each and in practical labs we have all duo core machines Pentium sorry duo core machines of 1 GB hard disk and 1 GB 512 MB also then 40 GB hard disk. The old machines. Yeah. And what software environment do you have on each? That actually depends on the what subjects we are taking in that lab. But typically for the programming. Yes we have windows, windows and turbosy. Windows and turbosy. Yes sir. Oh. And in the previous since the university syllabus changes after 5 years last year I mean previous syllabus we had Unix and C because of the open system. But in this semester I mean this syllabus we do not have Unix for the first year. Means they do not tell specifically anything about the operating system we are supposed to use. Maybe people are used to windows we are using. But I think we will make it. But we have no problem in using Linux. But I am not the one who is doing that. We will be doing that. So there will be 30 people involved in that. No, no, no. But you can always have a dual boot on it. Yeah yes we can have we can have. Yes. And you would have one Linux server at least in the whole environment. Yes yes yes. So we can use that Linux server as an NFS mount and we can have a dual boot so that people can do the common environment. Okay. What I was curious to know is that I was talking about just I was telling Vidya that if she could have she could create three remote centers effectively out of her university. One in which she herself teaches. So. And the other two in which two other people are there. So I was suggesting to her that she herself should also work as a coordinator for all the three and this year. Yes sir. Is it now possible because you mentioned you have a hundred percent seminar hall. Yes sir. Is it possible for you to sort of casual two of your colleagues okay to join you. Sir. And create three centers logically in the same physical center. Yes sir. And you can cater to 90 teachers. Sir. From the engineering colleges in the city. 90 teachers can attend the classes there. All that we will need is three labs for 30 teachers each. Yes sir. And each of the three coordinators handling the lab session. So that way we can have a multiplier effect. Yes sir. Because I was planning only on assuming that every college will have one teacher but I am seeing now that every college has 8 to 10 teachers teaching this course. So. That means the numbers are too huge actually. It is a one request from my side. Yes. When I gone through the first letter we are given to the coordinator. Yes. Since it was mentioned one coordinator from each college. Yes. So I came but when I see the registrations there are many people. Then when I came I was feeling that many people could have come and they are not able to get this information. Yes. So it will be coordinating since there will be so many colleges coming and many work is involved. It is not one-man show. So I request you so that you can tell our institution we can get more helping hands for that. Yes. This is a request from my side to you. What we will do is the same budgeting that we have. Sir. We will treat your colleges three centers. Yes sir. And instead of paying you 2 lakh rupees we will pay you 6 lakh rupees. Run the program for 90 or 100 teachers. Yes sir. Because you see with all said and whatever we do when the teachers come to your college or college or other college different teachers will acquire different benefits from the whole thing. Right. Depends on the individual incident like our students only. See teachers also means we were all students sometime. So when we attend this so we don't know to what extent people will benefit. So if we have more people and if we say the same percentage benefits maximum number of people benefiting will go. Okay. Okay. Thank you very much sir. Thank you.


In this lesson, we're going to talk about another piece of the value chain for natural gas from well head to burn tip and that's the actual transportation rates that transmission pipelines charge for service. Again, we're talking about moving gas from point A to point B. And we need to talk a little bit about the regulations that form the background for this particular service and for the regulation of the pipelines. In 1938, there was what was known as the Natural Gas Act. This is still an important piece of legislation today because when you see the lesson on the exportation of LNG from the United States, you'll see in there that projects of that nature still have to be approved under the Natural Gas Act of 1938. They have to receive what's known as a 7C certificate for the actual construction and that is issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Now under the NGA of 1938, both local distribution companies and pipeline companies were given a utility status because back then we had what was known as a bundled service. The pipeline companies themselves were actually buying the natural gas, transporting it and selling it to the end users connected to their pipes. Now the NGA utility status gave the pipelines a few things. Number one, they had a protected territory so no one could duplicate the exact route or service territory that the LDC or pipeline was going to serve. However, in return for that, they had to act in the public interest. They had to file what were deemed to be just and reasonable rates of service. Now one of the benefits then of being a utility is that they actually obtain the right of eminent domain. So they can actually condemn a landowner's property if they believe that that particular route is necessary for their right of way. And as I mentioned just a few seconds ago, they provided bundle services. In other words, they bought, transported, stored and sold the natural gas and they had no competition on their particular pipeline. Under the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission was established. It replaced the former Federal Power Commission. Now in 78, the Carter administration actually believed or there had been a study done by the Department of Energy where in essence the United States would run out of natural gas by the year 2000. So to encourage the exploration and production of new sources of natural gas, they set minimum price controls on natural gas. They literally started with a certain price and it would escalate monthly automatically without any consideration for basic supply and demand fundamentals. So this is what led to this big gas bubble that we had in the early 80s. As we've seen over the last few decades, prices tend to go up and tend to go down. And we've had these situations where we've had bubbles and then the bubble bursts. So in the early 80s, the natural gas industry took a big hit because prices fell dramatically. Now in January 1985, those price controls finally expired. Natural gas was now going to be bought and sold in a more competitive environment and things like supply and demand were going to be taken into consideration. The pipelines though had to give up this merchant function. That means they could not be the only exclusive sellers of natural gas anymore. And these excess supplies that we had in the 80s, they led to the need for entities to market those supplies that the pipeline still had under contract. And so in some cases the pipelines themselves formed what were called affiliated marketing companies. But this also, this January 1985 expiration of these prices led to what we call today the spot market for natural gas. That is not so many longer term contracts as had been the case before. And so a lot of marketing companies jumped into the game. These were non pipeline affiliated ones. And so they went ahead and decided to go out and purchase this excess gas that was on the market from the producers and turn around and find end users for them. Thus duplicating what the pipelines had done for decades. Again as I mentioned this was the evolution of the spot market itself. FERC issued order 436. Now this is known as the open access rule. What that did was that basically dictated to the pipelines that they were going to have to offer their transportation services to anyone who was interested in it on a non-discriminatory basis. They also had to file various levels of services that they're going to provide as well as the rates they were going to charge. They had to establish what were known as nomination and allocation procedures. Now nominations are merely a schedule that you as a shipper provide to the pipeline company that lists the supply sources that you have coming into the pipeline. These can be well heads, they can be processing plants. And then you also tell them where you want the gas delivered thereby establishing what we call a path, a transportation path. And FERC order 497, because I had mentioned earlier some of the pipeline companies went ahead and immediately formed their own marketing groups after 1985 to take advantage of these surplus supplies. But the federal government was once again concerned about a potential monopoly and pipelines were giving capacity to their marketing companies. So this basically prohibited that the interstate pipeline companies had to separate from their affiliated marketing companies and could no longer offer them any type of private or preferential deals. Now the types of services that natural gas transmission pipelines provide today, the first one in terms of just actual transportation service is what's known as Firm or we call it FT, Firm Transportation.  Now they pay this once a month to reserve a certain amount of quantity in the pipeline. We call that the maximum daily quantity. Now that's reserved and the shipper pays for that regardless of whether or not they actually use it. And then as they use it the pipeline measures the actual natural gas that's coming into their pipe and being delivered on behalf of the shipper and they charge what's known as a commodity fee or a usage fee. So at the end of the month the pipeline has measured the amount of gas the shipper flow through the system and they will charge them an additional fee. Pipelines have what are known as minimum and maximum transportation rates that they file with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. But they also have the right to sell unused capacity. Any time a firm shipper or a shipper who has firm transportation does not use 100% of their contracted space they can actually sublease that so to speak to interested parties. Now within the firm transportation contract that you have with a pipeline you'll have what's known as a path. In other words you will have the right to move gas from the points of receipt that you have whether they're well heads, processing plan outlets you may have gas and storage that you want to bring into the pipeline.  And again this is known as your primary path. This is your right. This is what you've got reserved. And then sometimes what they'll do is they'll allow you a secondary path if there are not others using the space then you may be able to go ahead and use that as rights under your firm contract. Now another service that they offer is if the pipeline hasn't sold all of their capacity on a firm basis they'll have what's known as interuptable space. Now I put this in all caps on purpose because you have to realize that what's going to happen is if they have extra space and you take it on an interuptable basis yes you're going to get a discounted rate because they want to go ahead and use that space but it's interuptable. In other words it is subject to recall by the pipeline at any time. And so if you have a situation where you're making a firm gas sale to an end user or you've promised a producer that you're going to take their gas you do not want to enter into interuptable transportation. And again since it's interuptable you're not paying any type of reservation or demand fee. You're strictly paying the commodity fee. One of the pipelines that I like to use in this course because I believe it's pretty simplistic the way they're set up is Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America. Now they are subsidiary of Kinder Morgan out of Houston but you can see here they have zones. These are you know we would call sometimes we call these postage rate zones but it's the zonal rate matrix makes it very simple to determine what the rate is going to be. For instance we're going to deal with the mid-connate receipt and delivery zone. And so you can see that's sort of in parts of Kansas and Oklahoma primarily. And so we're going to be dealing with the idea that we're bringing gas or our receipts are in this zone. And then we're going to deliver them to Chicago. Now if you look up over near Lake Michigan where Chicago is you see it's the Iowa Illinois receipt zone that's also known as their market zone. So we're going to talk about moving gas from Oklahoma in this mid-continent receipt and delivery zone up to the market zone which is known as the Iowa Illinois receipt zone. Now when you go to NGPL's website and you look up their tariff, under the tariff it says currently effective rate schedule. And so these are the rates that they currently charge to move gas from some points that you see on that previous map to another point on the map. Now we're going to be dealing with the mid-continent area. So if you look at the receipt zone which is the left column and you go down one, two, three, four categories, you will see there that the reservation fee to move gas from the mid-continent zone to the market zone which is the top of that column where the rates are. It's the reservation fee is $9.18. That's per month. You pay that up front for the space that you want reserved. And then when you actually flow the gas when they meter at the end of the month you're paying about a penny and a half for the commodity fee. One of the things that occurs in terms of the cost of moving gas is that of fuel. So far our costs are the reservation fee, a commodity fee. And now what happens is when the gas moves from point A to point B we've talked before in terms of logistics chain about this idea that they're using compressors along the way. Now the compressors for the most part are going to be natural gas. They may have some electric compressors but they have the right to charge you for that. They can charge you for the cost of electricity to run the compressors or what they do is they'll deduct the fuel that they use along that path. Additionally, when there's some type of maintenance or some type of operation where they actually have to vent the natural gas and the pipeline they get to account for that and the shippers have to make that up to them. And so the way it's done is they withhold a certain percentage per path. So for instance, in the case of our example whatever the fuel deduction is to move gas from Oklahoma, the mid-continent region to Chicago, the Iowa-Illinois market region they have that in their tariff and they will retain that much natural gas from you. So we use terms like lost and unaccounted for because this is gas that again has been vented or perhaps in some cases is even leaked from the pipeline and they really cannot quantify it exactly but they also have what I mentioned in terms of compressor fuel. Now further down in the NGPL tariff you will see these fuel percentages these are the charges of fuel that they have the right to maintain Now again, getting back to our example if you look under the receipt zone and you find the mid-continent and then you move over to the right, that's under the market what they're saying is it costs them essentially 3.2% fuel to move the gas from Oklahoma to Chicago in other words their estimate is that they lose that much so for our purposes what happens is let's say for instance you want to move 100,000 MMB to use a day to Chicago if you put 100,000 MMB to use a day in Oklahoma essentially you're only going to get about 977,000 excuse me, 997,000 delivered to Chicago because they're going to retain this 3.2% the reason we need to know that is that is a cost so for instance if we are buying 100,000 in Oklahoma we're only going to be able to sell the 997,000 in Chicago so we have to, in terms of our economics we have to price that in Now here's just another pipeline that you can see with Zonal Rates there's a pipeline company called Enable and as you can see they're all over Oklahoma over to Arkansas in parts of Louisiana the reason I want to use them is because here is essentially their storage rates so we can talk about storage it's set up fairly similarly you can see here FSS or firm storage service the deliverability fee that's actually similar to the firm reservation fee on a pipeline you have to pay this to guarantee that in fact the gas can get to and from the facility when you need it the capacity fee itself this is the charge on the total capacity that you are asking to be reserved in their storage facility so let's just say you want a BCF of space in their storage facility they're going to charge you this 2.3 cents per month for that and then the actual monthly storage fee is going to be about a penny and a half and then you see they also have an interruptible storage service as well so this basically covers the transportation rates and storage rates which again are part of the value chain and we have to take those into consideration when we are actually transacting natural gas deals either with a producer or with an end user so we know either what charges to add up from the well head forward to charge the end user or if we have a price from the end user all the costs to deduct going back to where then we have what we would call a net back price at the well head


This message will self-destruct in three, two, one.  Let's see how. To start, open WhatsApp and then open the chat that you want to enable it in. Tap on the contact's name at the top of the window or the three dots on the right for Android phones. You'll see an option called Disappearing Messages here. Tap it and, if prompted, tap Continue. A new window will explain how disappearing messages work in WhatsApp. Select On, as required. Go back to the chat and you will see a message warning that the disappearing mode is on and all messages will self-destruct after seven days. Also, a timer icon will be put under the profile picture of your friend in the chat or friends if you turned on a group chat. Interesting, right? A few years ago, actual spies used to delete all their messages to leave no trace behind.  Thank goodness that today your WhatsApp messages only disappear and they don't actually explode, right? However, this disappearing process can give anyone in the chat the chance to copy and save the messages during the seven-day window. So what if you want a message to disappear faster? Well, there is a feature in the Telegram app called Auto Delete Option. This allows you to choose between a after one day or after one week timeframe. If you want to know more about how Telegram does this, watch our next video titled How to Enable Auto Delete Messages in Telegram. We invite you to subscribe to our channel so you don't miss our coming videos. Learn to Learn is working to help you understand the changes in technology as they happen. Stay in the know. Subscribe today.