Super cute. That is just incredible. Hey, Bolo Buddies, thanks for watching. Amazing, right? Alright, let's get started. Okay, Bolo Buddies, thanks for watching. I've got a bonus plush video this month. So in my Bolo Buddies Facebook group, I share a post that is usually share your best August Bolo or whatever the month is. This month, I'm adding share your best plush. So this is what it looks like. If you're not in my Bolo Buddies Facebook group, definitely go join and go to the featured slash announcement section and look for posts like this. They're considered share posts and then I create a video for everyone to learn from. So I am going to start this one out. These are big money Bolo or unexpected plush items that sold plush is a stuffed animal. So I encourage you to put plush in your title but also add in the word stuffed animal. And what I say is like when I was a kid, I called him stuffed animals. I had never heard of the word plush. So I'm going to guess that people searching eBay may not be using the word plush and maybe searching for stuffed animal. So that's one thing to keep in mind. Alright, the first item is mine. I picked this up at a thrift store for $4 and I do have video footage of that. It was a thrift store and I got so many plush that day. It was so exciting. I got a steif horse and I sold it for more because of worth point. But I think I sold it for $75 comps on eBay were lower but I found some on worth point that were higher. So I went ahead and listed it high and it sold. So if you guys have not checked out worth point, it may be worth your time to get that. I put it off for a long time because it's pricey. I do have this video that shows you how worth point has been worth it for me. You can check that out and there's a link down below or referral link if you would like to check out pricing and join with that link. That would be amazing. Okay, so this is a sorbet jungle soul ram blue ram plush with the original tag. This is what it looks like. I had no idea. It just looked cool. So I grabbed it. Somebody put mine was too long ago to have a screenshot but rushed in plush had a kitty that went to Australia for $800. Just putting it out here for others to learn it was a rubber face plush on a white kitty. So she doesn't have the photo but if you guys search rushed in solds. Oh my goodness. It's one of like the biggest money Bolo plush there is. My nine year old Abby found this vintage Sesame Street grunge get a plush at the Goodwill for $2.99. It sold in 24 hours for $60 plus shipping. How cute is that? Oh my goodness. Well, good job, Abby. You found an awesome Bolo there. All right, I got at a garage sale for 25 or 50 cents. So for best offer of 225 been listed for a couple months. Right here it is. It's an Eden babies first bear plush Terry cloth pastel teddy bear.  I got at a local thrift store and knew to pick this the brand jelly cat up because of your videos didn't know this bunny was so rare. So I did a video on the jelly cat brand. The best ones to be looking for that sell for big money. This is what it looks like. There's one that goes in the $700 to $800 range and it's Hey Bolo buddies, my name is Chris occasionary seller and I like plush. My Bolo for this video is a plush. Of course, I went to Goodwill one day and found a $2 jelly cat. Now, can you guess which jelly cat it is? If you guessed Fergus the frog, you would be correct. This guy right here, Fergus the frog jelly cat. That is the jelly cat tag. He is worth over $800. I found him a Goodwill for $2 and I couldn't pass them up. You've probably seen videos on this guy before Courtney's done a video. I've done a video. I'm sure other resellers done videos as well. So make sure if you ever see jelly cat Fergus pick them up. Most jelly cats are worth a decent amount of money. He's definitely worth the most out of all of them and never pass up plush. Always looking plush. You never know when you're going to find one worth a lot of money. It's not that big. It's just it's mind blowing that these things go for so much. So she paid $3 for this and knew she had something good when a lady checking out with a bunch of plush turned around and did a double look with her mouth open. Sold for a best offer of 75 plus shipping is which is what the other three comps sold for. She listed it for 85. So it is a large 22 inch bashful Blake bunny and it's retired with and it's got the gray stripes on the ears. Vintage tie plush not a beanie baby. I picked up at a local mission thrift store for 25 cents took two months to sell for $32 plus shipping. So this is one of the bigger ones. These aren't the little tie beanie babies but they are made by tie and they are vintage and they are larger. And I sold a monkey that I got from Donna Telebotelino's $50 mystery plush lot and I want to say I think I sold it for 50 maybe a little more than that. Such a cool item but I was like tie huh that's interesting but this is a Tabby cat. This was sold by Brandy my reseller treasure her channel is fantastic. She specializes in Barbies if you guys want to learn about Barbies. Oh my goodness she has so much content on her channel that is incredible when it comes to their outfits and she also does other vintage toys also but she is a wealth of knowledge definitely go and sub her up. Mine looks a lot like Melissa's above maybe undersold it hers does look in better condition I actually got it back from my son it wasn't his as a baby it was on the bottom of my grandkids plush pile. After watching here realizing it had value they agreed so posted and sold basically no cost in it except for my guilt which led to buying my grandkids some new plush friends. This one is another Eden Terry cloth pastel bear sold it for $51 plus shipping. It says I couldn't find any comps when I listed mine I just estimated based on simlers and often I start super high then in a week or two add best offers. So this is kind of also another situation where worth point would come in handy you can also check Tara peak. I picked this little guy up at a city wide sale for 50 cents and he sold for 150 within two weeks. Okay let me zoom in here which means get closer to my computer Hazel vintage doll unicorn rare that's what it looks like. This one is from 2017 but my best to date I found this Disney Duffy bear in a free box at a local thrift store had just gone back in eBay after a long break and only knew it was something special from watching reselling videos on YouTube. My husband scoffed when I said it could be worth big money. It was listed for just a little over a month at $1,150 and sold it for a best offer of $1,100 to Japan $1,100 for a stuffed animal. Can you believe it. I had profession professional photos made by a photographer friend to jazz it up picked up at a goodwill for $2 ran a seven day auction winning bitter ran it up and didn't pay. Turns out they had two for sale on their page so they were stalling my sale or making it look like it sold for higher value. I put a bite now and sold within two days it is the retired bill to bear orange pumpkin nose teddy bear 2012 sold for $50. Now there is a cat by bill to bear with the same print the cat does go for more a year or so back there was a TikTok video that went viral. And I talked about that in my bill to bear plush video it is an older video but definitely check that out. Some of them were going I think in the two to $300 range and noelle farm girl scavenger. She sold one of the cats for big money but it was right around that time frame when they were really trending. So these have gone down in price but if you do see this pumpkin print if it's the bear or the cat. If it's the cat it's going to go for more but the bear is also a nice little bow low. Hey everybody I'm Robert the zombie bargain hunter better known as the plush king. So of course for my item I will be showing you a plush. This guy maybe lasted my store a week. This is a bill to bear jack-o-lantern orange pumpkin kitty cat. I got the this guy off a viewer they were getting out of the plush game so she sold me all her plush. I got six huge trash bags for 50 cents a piece plus shipping. So yeah got a great deal on that. So this guy has little jack-o-lantern or pumpkins all over his or her body. And he sold for $84.99 so not bad on that guy. So if you like top I do top 20 videos of different plush brands. Like the top 20 that's sold on eBay. Every single week I do a video on that plus I do a what's sold video. So if you want to learn about plush and other things like that join my channel. Thanks Courtney. Rummage sale paid a dollar and sold it for $130. It is a vintage dakin lions group original Barney the dinosaur. It's only 10 inches big and it's the backyard gang. I got this at the bends for 50 cents. A little damage on one of the feet. But otherwise great condition listed it at 50 and sold within a day for an offer of 40. It's a mon monchini I think is how you say it. This one is a kitty. They're usually monkeys. So I've never seen this one kitty green eyes. Huh. So it looks like from 1979. This one comes from the quiet thrifter that is her eBay store. She is a Bolo buddies member. This is what her eBay store looks like. I got this talking care bear at a garage sale for 50 cents and took a best offer of 40 buyer paid shipping. So yeah, some of those vintage care bears can do pretty well. This one comes from Terry mindful recycle who is also a Bolo buddies member and a moderator of this group. She said I am the world's worst plush finder and seller but she is one of the biggest Bolo finders I know. So go check out her channel. But I finally got a good one picked it up at a garage sale for a dollar sold in a few weeks for $117 buyer paid shipping. It's an Eden ABC bear plush pastel pink velour pajamas stuffed animal 13 inches. Hi again. My name is rebel and I'm the rebel reseller and today I am doing this is my Bolo. I'd start all of my listings on eBay, but I do cross list to several platforms Etsy is being one and this item sold on Etsy for me. This is a Sanrio peckled duck nylon plush 13 inch from 1995 and it sold for $47 and 45 cents. Sanrio is a brand that you really should be looking out for, but especially when it's just not Hello Kitty. It's other characters and I actually had to use Google lens to figure out who this was. But also plush that is made of this nylon or parachute material. Definitely check your comps. Again, I want to thank Courtney for all that she does for those of us who are trying to make YouTube videos. I really appreciate everything you've done for me. Thanks. Bye. I bought this Naruto plush at a major saver store for $3.99 and it sold for 75 free shipping in three days. It is I don't know what kind of I've never seen anything like that, but that's what it looks like. It looks like it sold on Mercari found this handmade plush Christmas tree that you might find made by grandma at a church craft show. It is made from a Pokemon print material and I found it at the Denver Goodwill Benz for less than $1.50, except at a best offer of $55 on it. This one comes from a rural squirrel who is also a Bolo Buddies member. She is a Benz like she does the Benz. All of her videos are about the Benz and the crazy things she finds at the Benz. Super fun video. She does a lot of competitions and meets other YouTubers and goes and challenges them. So go check out her channel here. I got these in a plastic baggie for $3 at the Goodwill. I took a best offer of $75 free shipping. Buyer preferred to go through a different method of shipping, but they initially found my listing. Messaged me on Facebook. It is bio chemies DNA molecule plush toys science themed lot of four. And she is a new Bolo Buddies member and I am drawing a complete blank. Oh, it's like right there. Vintage spice? Is that it? Vintage spice. I'm going to pop up her channel right here. I think it's vintage spice. I will also link her down below. She said, by the way, Facebook does not penalize sellers for discussing other methods of shipment like many platforms do to the best of my knowledge, at least. I would not want to risk my account, of course. All right. I don't know anything about Facebook and how they do things. I've sold a few things over there, but it's just not my favorite platform. I really enjoy Mercari Poshmark Etsy and eBay is my favorite. But I start my items on eBay and cross posts with List Perfectly. If you guys want to see how List Perfectly works, there's a link down in the description of the video. And you can get 30% off your first month of List Perfectly with referral code Bolo Buddies all one word. Been using it since 2019. Absolutely love it. Thanks to you, Courtney. I knew I should grab this Boyd's Mini plush. I found it and two other similar ones that in a state sale paid a dollar. So for best offer of 100 plus shipping, it fits in the palm of my hand. It's sold for best offer of 100. It's a Boyd's Bears trick-or-treat dog bag pumpkin Halloween mini five inch plush. Oh my goodness. I did a video on these when I saw the comps on these little plush. I could not believe it. The bigger ones do not go for as much, but I still pick them up if I can get them for a dollar less because they do sell. They're good bread and butter, but the minis. Oh my goodness. This was attached to a basic teddy bear, build a bear. It's a pizza cutter that turns and the slices detached from the pizza paid 299 for it at a thrift store. I'll donate the bear sold in less than 24 hours. The lady bought it for her son and he played with it all day. This one comes from Bolo Buddies member Ray Nathan RZ and it's sold for $29 plus shipping. This is another one from a rural squirrel and I found these little guys at the bins in Jacksonville, Illinois paid less than a dollar for them and had to dig through four huge bins of plush to find all but two pieces of the set. Even without those two pieces, I sold these James and the Giant Peach characters for full price of $64.99 on eBay. That is fantastic. And yeah, you do have to do that at the bins. You got to dig. This one comes from Bolo Buddies member mom knows treasures and she posted a Bolo video on this on her YouTube channel also, but she paid $35 for all got for sold for 125 plus shipping. They are rare am toy hamburger hot dog, super banana and they are from the 80s. They are plush toys from the 80s. And this next one she paid less than a dollar for it at let's see less than a dollar for it at the Goodwill online. And it's a Tyco Kitty Kitty baby kittens. These are definitely a Bolo Kitty Kitty kittens are Bolo. This is baby kittens. She sold this for $80. And she also sold this one. She said posting because it sold within hours on McCurry came in a Goodwill blue box and about $2 sold it for $40. Rare textured my melody plush 2007. Just this past weekend I bought these two items from a yard sale where the mom was getting rid of the daughter stuff. I paid 35 for a bundle of plush a lot of other stuff. Some pretty good stuff sold my pet monster for 75 and five of the original yum yum's which look like this for $125. Got this at one of my local honey holes probably about 40 cents in took a best offer of 65 took about three weeks to sell. It is a Ramona Quigby plush cloth doll so Beverly Cleary the Beverly Cleary books you guys remember those from when you were a kid. So it looks like that is a plush doll from the book so maybe it was sold by Scholastic or something like that not 100% sure but it looks like it's got the original tags. So those are some big money or unexpected plush Bolo's some of those were amazing and they were all fantastic. I want to find all of them definitely let me know in the comments which was your favorite. Thank you for being here head over to my Facebook group Bolo buddies and share a Bolo it's under the announcements slash featured section you will see a share post share there to be featured in a video like this. Leave me an emoji just leave me any emoji in the comments. All right you guys thanks so much for being here and I'll see you at the next one. Thanks for watching eBay. Sorry disregard.


The Jack Benny Program, transcribed, presented by Lucky Strike.  Gotta be happy, go lucky, be happy, get better taste, be happy, go lucky, get better taste today. Friends, while cigarettes may look the same on the outside, there's an important inside difference in Lucky Strike, an inside difference that proves luckies are made better to taste better. And it's easy to prove this to yourself. Just tear and compare. From a newly opened pack, take a cigarette made by any other manufacturer. Then carefully tear a thin strip of paper straight down the seam from end to end and gently remove the tobacco. In tearing, be careful not to disturb or loosen the tobacco. Now, in exactly the same way, remove the paper from a lucky strike. Then compare. Some cigarettes are so loosely packed they fall apart. Others have air spaces that burn too fast, taste hot and harsh and dry. But look at that lucky. See how it stays together, a perfect cylinder of fine mild tobacco. See how round and firm and fully packed it is with long strands of fresh, clean, good tasting tobacco. Because luckies are made this way, they draw freely, smoke smoothly and evenly, taste fresh, clean and mild. So tear and compare. Prove to yourself that luckies are made better to taste better. Then make your next carton, Lucky Strike. The Lucky Strike program starring Jack Bennett with Mary Livingston, Philaris Rochester, Dennis Day, The Sports Report 10 and yours truly down. Ladies and gentlemen, just recently Jack Bennett received one of the Sylvania Pioneer Awards for his contribution to the history of radio. So tonight, in keeping with this honor, I feel that I should give Jack a dignified introduction. Well, thank you, Don. It's times like these I wish I were a poet. What a beautiful thought, Don. I can just imagine you were a poet. Henry Wadsworth Patfellow.  Yes, folks, if I had the gift of poetry with which to describe our scintillating star, I... Hmm, I'll get it, Don. Hello? Hello, Mr. Bennett, this is Rochester. Rochester, you certainly picked a fine time to call. Why aren't you listening to the program? That's why I called, boss. There's something wrong with our radio. Oh, well, maybe there's a break in the electric cord. I thought of that, boss, so I traced it. I started the radio, went around the baseboard, up the wall, out the window, across the driveway, through the hedge, and right to the plug on Mr. Coleman's back porch. Well, Rochester, I hope nobody saw you. Well, just as I reached the porch, Mrs. Coleman came out, so I ducked behind the hedge and meowed like a cat. Did you fool her? I think so. She left two sauces of milk. Two? Yeah, one a matter of note on it. This one's for Mr. Bennett. Good. I'll have it when I get home. I don't know what to do.  Well, I've got an idea, Rochester. I'll leave the receiver off the hook, and you'll be able to hear the whole show over the telephone. Yes, sir. Okay, Don, let's get on with the program. Ladies and gentlemen, as I was saying, even though I'm not a poet, today I'd like to introduce our star with a little poem. A poem? Yes, to Jack Benny. I love my boss, but he's so cheap, he only spends a slow buck.  His suits are from Montgomery Ward, his hair from Sears and Roebuck. And here he is, Jack Benny. Thank you, thank you, thank you. Hello again, this is Jack Benny talking. Hmm, hair from Sears and Roebuck. As a matter of fact, Don, I have a poem about you, too. A poem about me? Yeah. I don't know too much about poetry, but here's one I stole from Johnny Ray. This is to you, Don.  Remember that. Hey, Jackson, if you really want to get... Wait a minute, Phil, wait a minute. I want to see what Rochester thought of that joke. Hello? Hello? Hello? Rochester, hello? Hello? Rochester, I just told a joke. Where were you? I had to answer the door. The mailman was just here and he delivered a package. A package? Who from? Sears and Roebuck. You can be a blind again. Oh, good, good. That's the one that makes me look like Nelson Eddy. Keep listening to the show, Rochester. Now, Phil, what were you talking about? I was just going to say, Jack, it's now about doing something different on the show tonight. Something entertaining like, uh, well, like getting Livy and me to sing a song together. Hey, that sounds like a pretty good idea. You'll sing with Phil, won't you, Mary? No, thanks. I sang with Phil before. No matter what song he sings, it always comes out, that's what I like about the sound. All right, Livy, you don't have to sing with me. I just thought that you and I'd make a nice trio. Trio? You and Mary would make a nice trio? Yeah. Look, Phil, let me explain something to you. One is a solo. Two is a duet. Now, if you had a third person, you've got a trio. Oh. And if you had a fourth person, you have a quartet. Uh-huh. Now, Phil, if you had four people and you found a fifth, what would you have? Throw me that lead again. Will you bother me? All right, if you had four people and found a fifth, what would you have? A quintet. Fooled you that time, didn't I, Jack? Well, I feel that's right. You're right. If you had a fifth, you'd have a quintet. Yeah, but they'd all be loaded. You'll have a laugh at that, Mary. Did you see the way his arranger has to write the music so Phil can read it? No, how? An eighth note is a diamond. A quarter note is a heart. A half note a club and a whole note a spade. Phil, you have your music written out in diamonds, hearts, clubs, and spades? Certainly. Well, how do you read it? It's simple. Here, I'll show you. Now, look at the sheet of music. See? Well, that makes no sense at all to me. Sure it does, Jackson. Take this bar, for instance. You see these notes right here, one right after the other? Oh, you mean the scale? Scale, what's that? Phil, if you want to play your music according to Hoyle, that's all right with me, but right now we have to have a song. Oh, Dennis! Dennis! Ugh! Dennis, what are you yawning about? I didn't get any sleep last night. My mother and father had a big argument. An argument? Yeah, it was all about you.  And then my father got up and said you were a great guy and a fine example of a man. Your father said that? May he rest in peace.  Your father is sitting right out here in the audience. Yeah, doesn't he look awful? Cut that out.  Well, she used to go with Mr. Benny before she met my father. Oh, she did not. She says she did. Maybe. What was your mother's name before she married your father? I didn't know her then. Of course you did. Now, come on, kid. Let's have your song. Okay. Somebody bigger makes a flower who rides for the rob. Somebody bigger than you. Somebody bigger than you. She's sung by Dennis Day, or you and I, rather. I gotta stay away from Phil. And now, ladies and gentlemen, for our feature attraction tonight. Oh, wait a minute, Jack. Are we going to do a sketch tonight? Yes, Mary. A couple of weeks ago, I saw the that universal international picture, Mon Park Kettle at the fair. And it gave me an idea. So I went home and wrote a play about life on a farm. Now, I play the young husband and Mary, you're my wife. See, we're newlyweds and have just bought a farm. We have some neighbors that are very much like Mon Park Kettle. Oh, just a minute, Jack. Is there a part in it for me? Well, Don, the scene takes place on a farm so you can play the part of our horse. Oh, Jack, every time you do a farm sketch, I play the part of a horse. I want to do something else. Well, what would you like to be, Don? A canary. Don, you a canary? Peep, peep, peep, peep, peep, peep. Well, that's not so bad. And now, ladies and gentlemen, for our feature attraction tonight, we will present a rustic play entitled Down on the Farm. Set the scene, Don. And now, ladies and gentlemen, our play Down on the Farm, an Epic of Rural Life. As the scene opens, we find the newlywed Sylvia and Danny Klingenpiel driving out to their new home. Gee, Sylvia, I hope you like the new farmhouse I bought. Oh, I know I will, Mr. Klingenpiel. You can call me Danny. We've been married a week now. Well, here we are. Look, darling, there's our new home. And there's a man from the real estate office. Oh, Mr. Mr. How do you do? Stranger. I'm the new owner of this house. Your name is Frank Nelson, isn't it? It was Frank, but I changed it to Ike. I want people to like me. I see. This house looks like there's been a lot of work done on it recently. Yes, we completely remodeled it from the basement to the ceiling. Good, good. Will you show us through the house? Yes, but don't expect me to play the piano. Let's go inside. Come on, honey. All right. I'm talking to my wife. Oh, I thought everybody liked me. Look, we want to see the house. Will you take it through, please? If follow me. This is the living room. This is the dining room. This is the breakfast room. And this is the guest room. Guest room? How do you do? What was that? He's been a guest here through five owners. Five owners? Yes, he spent half the time in escrow. He writes through this door. There is little beauty. Very old and awfully dirty. Oh, Sylvie, that's just a little dust. I'll blow it off. Have you tried sand sand? Never mind. Well, it's getting kind of late. I better go. Goodbye, Mr. Nelson. Goodbye. Well, darling, here we are in our own little home. We better start getting to sleep on a farm. You know, you have to get up at four in the morning. You're right, sweetheart. Good night. Good night. Well, you hurry and get breakfast ready. I'll go out and milk the cows. It's a good thing I slept in my clothes. It's pitch dark this early in the morning. Now, where's the milking pail? Ah, here it is. Easy, bossy, easy. That's a good girl, bossy. Easy, bossy, easy. See, I can't seem to find... Uh-oh, wrong end. The cow looks like the rooster. Bossy, hold still while I fix the pail and stool. There. That's a good cow. Oh, la-la-la-la. La-la-la-la. But I think the cow is. Hey, Sylvia, what are you holding? Look, I just found it.   That isn't the cutest little kitty. Have you tried sand sand? Sylvia, don't stand around. We've got to feed the animals. Okay. Beep, beep, beep, beep, beep, beep, beep. Oh, look, Danny. Isn't it cute the way our canary follows us around? Now, shoe canary, shoe. We've got to feed the chickens. Here, chick, chick, chick, chick, chick, chick, chick. Here's some corn for you. Sitting on the nest. Where? Oh, yes. Well, I better get some oats for the horse, hay for the cow, and, uh... Our canary stepped on the horse and killed it. Mine is our canary stepped on the pig and killed it. That's an imitation of a pig. There he says it stands out on the cow and killed it.  Gee, that's too bad. Sylvia, maybe the canary is hungry. He can't be a little while ago. I gave him a side of beef. I'm giving him the other side. Now, let's get on with the... Oh, look, here comes someone. Hello? Power of the hill. Well, do you have a farm over there? Yep, I raise a little, this, little, that. Mostly corn. Well, your pig? Nope, from a still. Yep, it'll make 20 gallons a day. 20 gallons a day? Well, that isn't much. Ain't bad, mo, lady, don't drink. Here, Zeke, how long you been living around this section? Well, now, let me see. I moved here in 1918, and this is 1952. That's, uh, 20 years. Wait a minute, Zeke. From 1918 to now is 34 years you've lived here. Well, we don't count the 14 years the prohibition has lived. Oh, you got any children? Yep, I've got two boys. We ain't seen them since they run away with the circus 10 years ago. Sure missed the boss. Shame both of them left. Maybe one of them will come back. Nope, ain't likely. They're Siamese twins. Oh, twins, eh? Yep, they're pretty attached to each other. Oh, Zeke, you may not have a cow, but you sure milked that one. By the way, Zeke, is that field over there far to your farm? Yep, back to the farm. Yeah, that's the place where I raise my tobacco.  Where? Right over there. Then we've been thinking, what a fine job we have here. Growing all this fine tobacco for those luckies every year. We know all about them. Ruben, is it true? Have you been to the county fair? Did you see those burlest dancers? Did you stare and then compare? Folks enjoy a lot. In luckies, maw and paw and grandpa too. It's the taste of fine tobacco. Only luck is gift to you. We get mail here in the country stamped with letters R-F-D. But the letters we all look for fast to say they're at four. Where's honey, Zeke? Good to see you all. Well, hello, uh... Maw Kettle is the name. Live right down the road. Which house? No house, just down the road. Yep, she's married to Paul Kettle, a laziest man in the state. Yep, you just can't make him move.  No kidding. Well, what do you know? Here comes Paul Kettle now, the lazy critter. Name is Dennis, the folks call him Paul. Howdy, Paul. Oh, hi, Zeke. Hi, folks. Maw, put your arms around me and squeeze me. I feel like exhaling. Feels better. Any place to lie down around? Stand up for a while. Oh, by the way, what are you folks are figuring on raising here? The chickens. I wouldn't try it if I were you. I tried to raise some myself a few years ago and never had any luck. What happened? Bought 10 hens, they laid a lot of eggs, but none of them never did hatch. How many roosters did you have? Oh, roosters. Well, I guess I better be going along now. Gotta go home and help my pig write a letter.  Well, I just give him the paper. He already has the pen and oink. Too lazy. I'm just going in to have breakfast. Why don't you folks come in and join us? Well, that's okay with me. For me too. Pick me up, Ma.  Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to solicit your help for the victims of muscular dystrophy. There are over 200,000 victims. Three-fourths of this number are males, and two-thirds of these males are boys under 18. It is commonplace that when the cause of a disease is found, the cure usually follows. So won't you please contribute as much as you can? Send your contributions to MDA, Los Angeles, 19, California. Thank you. That will be back in just a moment. So first... Friends, people everywhere are tearing and comparing, Seeing for themselves that luckies are made better to taste better. Try it yourself. From a newly opened pack, take a cigarette made by any other manufacturer and carefully remove the paper by tearing down the seam from end to end. Don't dig into or crumble the tobacco. Now do exactly the same with a lucky strike. Then compare. Some cigarettes are so loosely packed they fall apart. Some have air spaces, hot spots that burn harsh and dry. Others have too many broken bits of tobacco, giving you those annoying loose ends that spoil the taste. But just look at that lucky, a perfect cylinder of fine, mild tobacco. So round, so firm, so fully packed, so free and easy on the draw. Notice those long strands of fresh, clean, good tasting tobacco. Yes, luckies are made better to taste better to give you far more enjoyment from every puff. So for your own real deep down smoking enjoyment, be happy, go lucky. Make your next carton lucky strike. Do you do ta-ta-tari, be happy, go lucky, go lucky, strike today. Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes the 36th program of our present series. And next week we will, oh my goodness, Rochester still on the phone. I wonder how he liked the show. Oh, Rochester! Rochester, how'd you like the program? Well, well... Well, how'd you like it? Wasn't the sketch what did that chicken do? She laid an A. Need I say more? This many program was brought to you by Lucky Strike, product of the American Tobacco Company, America's leading manufacturer of cigarettes. Tonight's program was transcribed. This is the CBS Radio Network.


I hope everyone can hear me all the way to the back. Do I need this? Can I? I can you guys hear me without the mic on the way here? On the last bench, yeah? I'm not going to use the mic because it saves me a lot of energy. Shall we begin? Okay, so my name is Larsen, KISHIR. I work at Kayaku. I tell you a little bit about what Kayaku is so that you understand the problem space. And we'll be talking about immutable infrastructure. It is what it is and what good it does. So let's begin. So a couple of things I've covered in this talk just to set context. This is not, fortunately it's not a hypothetical talk. This is not, oh this is a good idea. You should do it, I haven't done it. This isn't that. We've done this, it runs in production. So it's a real-life case study. Can you guys read the text? It's too light. Is it any better now? Can you guys come forward, I have a lot of seats here. Some of you guys come forward, I think that's one part of the story. If you can't read it then you want to read it, come forward. Can we switch out this light here? Cool. Okay, so I'm not going to read these points out. So this is a real-life case study. This is stuff that we've already done. It's not a hypothetical thing, it's not just Gyan. We talk about architecture. I do it without a diagram because I want to talk at a conceptual level. I'm not going to show you a complicated or simple line. For you to understand, you should be able to understand this just by talking about it. We talk about clearly what is immutable infrastructure, which is the core essence of this talk. We talk about people saying infrastructure is cold. So we talk about that, we talk about who that enables that. We talk about these key problems, infrastructure, secret management, service discovery, container management and scheduling, blue-green deployments, and we also talk about how we've used AWS to kind of help enable all of this and make it easy for us. Any better? So does everybody get what this talk is about? Okay. So a couple of questions you should ask. You can ask more questions at any time, the format is generally towards the end of the talk. Couple of questions you shouldn't ask me. You shouldn't ask me, oh, I've got this. What is the code I need to write to do this? That's very tactical, the talk is not for that. I'm happy to answer those talks. So is my team, which is the office team that's kind of down on this work. They're right here, so they'll be happy to talk to you afterwards if you need very specific answers, stuff at the core level or at a very tactical level. This is an overall, to give you an overall idea. After this talk you should be able to walk away and say, I see this is what we can do, you know, at our own processes with our own processes, with our own tech, and this is how we can evolve our DevOps further, right? So that's what you should walk away with. So quickly, what is Kayaku? You need to know that so that you understand what we do because this is a real-life case study and so the case study here is the company itself. So Kayaku is the healthiest software and it's very much like Z Desk or Fresh Desk. If you've heard of any of those, it's a similar product. It helps companies learn their support teams. So I'll give you an example of that quickly. This is one customer of ours called Sindori. This is their website, they build Mac apps. And so they have the support link here, right? And you see the support link on all websites, right? And this leads into some piece of software, right? Which is either Ask for Z Desk or Fresh Desk or any of the other libraries. So when you click on that support link, you land up here. This is Kayaku, okay? So this is a customer-facing view of Kayaku. There's also an agent-facing view where people send in support questions. They call, they send messages to the support team and the agents answer those, right? So there's an agent side as well. I'm not showing you that, but that's essentially what Kayaku does, right? So this is a snapshot of our knowledge centers. This is where people would come, you know, ask questions of the search, essentially see if there's an agent that can answer the question. If not, then they can engage with the messenger bot or, you know, they can drop an email to customer support or call or do whatever else, right? So that's what Kayaku does, okay? We'll start by talking about what we did before we did this and what problems we had, right? So what was our life before a mutual infrastructure, right? I think a lot of us will be able to relate to that and, you know, how sucky that was. So what would happen is when somebody came to Kayaku, right, they would go and click on this, this is the website's screenshot, they would click on this link called start your free trial. So you click on this link and, consequently, you would kind of get a trial that you could use yourself. So it would be installed version of Kayaku on a sub-lumain. So, you know, your Kayaku.kayaku.com is in there, right? And you could just go ahead and play around and understand the thing and if you like it, you could just go ahead and change the billion to pay and, you know, do better versions of Kayaku and start using it. So what would happen is in order for people to understand how our processes have been affected, I'm going to pick one thing that used to do, which is provisioning a trial, right? So when you click on this button, you fill out a form and the basis of that form, you provision a trial for it. So if your company is called InvestorPied, once you fill out that form, you will tell us your company name and then at the end, when you click submit, you will get InvestorPied.Kayaku.com. It will become a help center like this. So this is Singdori. This is basically Singdori.Kayaku.com that they are, you know, might be able to support our Singdori.org. So everybody here, what would happen when you click on a trial, right? So how would a trial get re-entered? What would be the processes that would take into account a trial made on the client? So we get a request, a post request from a form, right? So essentially that would come in, get submitted. Then we had this app which we called, it's a legacy app, but we called, it was called Platform. Okay, the prophetic name, but that's what it was called. So Platform would receive this form, right? This form submission. It would carry just all the servers that are out there, right? That they currently using and we were running on Softlayer. Not on AWS at this point, right? So Softlayer was, as some of you might know, is a traditional data center, right? It's not a cloud data center. You get physical machines, you put them in lags. So Platform was the app that managed all the infrastructure. So it would know what are other servers that I can register with it. So it would carry a list of all servers, right? And then it would make a copy of the latest code for this guy, for investor partners, say that's the, you know, that's the customers trying out and getting a free trial made. It would make a copy of that code in a separate directory and then set up an engineer school to kind of send traffic to that. So I was not really multi-connected, right? Every tenant had their own delivery, which is not ideal, but that's the way it was. Then you know, get the configuration for that, right? So it's like, oh, this is a free plan, et cetera, et cetera. This is the database, details, so on and so forth, right? Whatever configuration is required for that. And then from each of these servers, so imagine 20 servers, right? So this has happened on all 27. A new directory has been made, new code has been put, an engineer school has been set to kind of go out to that code, and this is all PHP. And then all of these servers would send an app back, right? And we'd use the M2P to send an app back. Then I'd go back to the platform saying, I'm done, I'm done, I'm done. When all 20 are done, right? When everybody is done, then, you know, we can go to the next step, which is essentially, the next step is looping one of these 20 servers to execute a product setup. A product setup would create database tables and put in some, you know, sample data and things like that. So you can imagine what would happen. 20 servers are involved, all kinds of load. You send a request to 20 servers, only 18 requests came back, so the trial is stuck. So the guy who's waiting, who's thinking, should I pay money for this? He's not thinking, I should not pay money for this, right? Because it's not going well, he's stuck, you're waiting. And then when you eventually receive all the 20 acts, you go ahead and the process is complete and you go ahead and try it, right? So the last couple of processes, we need to make DNS entries, right? So we have to say investopio.kayako.com must not go into unload balances so that the traffic can be directed on to engineics from which it goes into the directory that we talked about, right? Everybody here so far, right? This process is kind of important to get because then you'll see how this is changed, right? And what we do now and how it's different. So remember, we were on software, they keep that in the back of their mind. So, you know, if you had to provision hardware, how would we do it at that time? So we would write a ticket, which is an email somebody would say, too soft clear. They say, okay, we will add a new service. They'll go check the rack, right? Somebody physically would go and check the rack and say yes, this rack has space, right?  Say, yeah, and there's a server there. Good, you're lucky day. 24 hours to get a server. Unlucky day, they say your rack is full and so we need to put it on a different rack, right? And we don't have a spare rack so we spent an order for a new rack or they're picking one up from go down or whatever. So it won't take one day but two or three days for a server to come up. So that was the life before. We got this hardware, we would go ahead and provision this by hand essentially or we'll use things like Chef, right?  So that will happen on my hands. And then we have various kinds of servers, right? So we have road balancers, application servers, worker servers, so on and so forth. We have seven or eight types of servers that one needed to set up. So you would have to have a recipe usually in your head otherwise if you're lucky as a Chef recipe, and then you'd use that to kind of set up these servers, right? So if I was setting it up for somebody else or setting it up, it might come out differently. Because you know, depending on how much you remember whether your Chef, S&P covers that, that is going to happen all the time. And then after you've done that, you have to test it because, you know, you had to tell no one that had to test a server because everybody was under confident that the server was provisioned correctly. So everybody, in fact, I have to test it to figure out whether it's working. After you did the task, you felt so under confident about having completed it and you would test it. So people would manually test this, see 8 or 10 work parts, see if everything is working properly. If I send a package to LQP, it doesn't come back, right? They do all that kind of stuff. So that would not be manually done. And then after all of this is done, we're going to tell our legacy platform app, right? That they will say, we have a new server. This is like, keep a record. So when you install new software, make sure you remove it, right? So there are all kinds of failure points. Some of it was automated, but very, very different. Just to give you a flavor of what the stuff that we were using back then, right? So PHP, as you know, is not concurrent, right? So you can't do two tasks at one time. You can only do one thing, right? So what the PHP ecosystem does is that they put a job in on any job queue, right? To do anything concurrently. And then somebody picks it up from the job queue in execution, right? So we'll stop doing all the local jobs because one on that box essentially in any concurrent task, any long-running task will be different, right? And then here, if we needed to kind of communicate between boxes or sentences, between boxes. You know, we use elastic search, we use leaders, we use MySQL. And for DNS, we use dynamic, right? Because dynamic has an API for us to kind of do all of this easily. Now, this is a business line. I'm not going to read it out, but what's wrong with this world? So I think it should be fairly apparent what is wrong with this, but I'm not going to take you guys through it. None of this. Stuff is not consistent, right? If I provisioned the server today and then I provisioned another app server say seven days from now or two months from now, right? It's possible that the PHP version that was stable has changed, right? The app repository that I was using has updated that, right? It's possible that nobody's taking the trouble to kind of correct that in Chef. So it's possible that everything, it appears to be that while I'm running through Chef, everything's actually not consistent because I'm running through different, say, minor versions of PHP or some other software, right? There's nothing exactly like that. There's a lot of ways to be inconsistent. So stuff of being inconsistent. What's wrong with this world? We have to make a gap. I just want to make a point here. No, it's not a problem. The food is the problem of the environment, right? The culture, the setup, the processes that we have in place. So one of the challenges with things like Chef is, right, it allows you not to use it, right? And so everybody does that.  I can do that. But if you want to do something custom, right, then I will buy it, right? And nobody can prevent you from taking that part. That's one of the problems that these tools have. And we actually went to a model where that was not a problem. So I'll share that a little bit. But the problem is not with the tool, really. The tool, if you use it well, it will kind of work better. What is the problem with the setup that we have? You know, another problem was we needed a copy of code every time. So if you made a new client, you need to provision a fresh copy of code, right? Possible with that was that it is possible for a DevOps client to not go in and change that code for a particular customer. And, you know, he gets actually different version of the product than what you're getting in real life. And you'll miss what everybody else is getting. And you'll be surprised this is actually a common case. So what happens is that this customer's got a lot of load, a lot of problem. Can we relax this limit for any? And that limit is not configured, right? It's just like a default limit built into the product. So somebody would just go in and change it and then directly, right? And now you've got drift. So this kind of stuff would happen over time. Updating system software was extremely difficult so no one really updated it. But if you've got to update it now, you've got to take that server demo monitor time, go in, land share for manually updated or whatever else. And it was a painful process. It was not truly automated or covered. Secrets were kept in a Chef data bag. So if I had a token, say, send grade or some other party provider that I was using, that token would be put in a Chef data bag and then Chef would ship it to those servers. And they would be lying on disk on those servers, right? So the moment that server got compromised, all of those tokens were compromised, right? So that's not good secret management. People had SSH access, they needed SSH access because they wanted to go in and modify stuff that would provision stuff manually, right? If Chef failed, they had to figure out why Chef failed, all of that stuff. It was not fully automated, I've already covered. Simply because Chef doesn't mandate or Ansible or any of these tools won't mandate that it has to be fully automated. There's a workaround that doesn't manually. It would take hours to deploy, right? So if, for example, something went down and you had to reprovision it, it would take many hours before the server would come back up. If a whole region went down and there is a new region, right? A new setup, it would take maybe days, like three to seven days for us to kind of provision that. If a service went down, so if you have multiple services running and if a service went down, right? You would have to go back into the app, ship a new version or change the concept to say, don't use that server because that service is no longer lying. And for that duration, which could be 15 minutes, could be an hour, you would see downtime on that service, right? Or excuse me. Finally, the stuff that was actually running had never been tested in production, really. Because what it was, was some original thing that you built and then ends of Chef runs over there, right? So the ends stayed, now nobody really knows. It's an implied kind of state, it's not very clear what it is. It's not really being tested, right? It just goes into production and over time you kind of discover what problems it has. So it's not very tested. What is very difficult to revert to the last move would stay because you don't know what is last move, right? It's not explicit what is last move because I could have made a manual entry change. You could have, a Chef run could have made a change, right? So on and so forth. So it's very, very difficult. This is what is wrong with this world. It's very painful to respect very long nights, you know, just struggling and trying to figure out how to keep the software up and running, right? A lot of you probably see this, right? This is how it felt. Very popular GIF. This is what our life was like. This is keeping production up and running. The train is a production. They are very creative, right? You have to do this kind of stuff. So every developed guy, he gets that moment, right? He says, I know how to do this. You are hard to handle. It will start working, right?  So the question is how do we now build a bullet train? Right? We have this broken, religious system which doesn't really work. Life is risky. Everybody's putting their lives on the line. So now how do we build a bullet train? So now let's look at the view, right? So now you understand, appreciate the problem with the view. Now let's look at what this new world is all about. Let me start by telling you what is a beautiful infrastructure. Once you understand that, you will have a framework in your head as to where to fit all the information that I'm going to render. So a beautiful infrastructure does these some definitions of explaining what a beautiful infrastructure is. So one thing is that you build a server only once. It never mutates. It never changes. So if you build it once and it has some flaw in it, you need to provision a fresh server, right? You can't modify this old one. Everything is disposable, right? So because you can't modify it, there's no way of reusing it. So you have to dispose of it. There is no SSH access at all. You can't get it to that server because you're not allowed to modify it. What will you do with SSH? You want to read logs? You can set logs to give one. So this is an incredible infrastructure in the world where servers are built once and you don't touch them anyway. You stop thinking of your servers as pets, right? You don't give them nice names like Tony. Because you don't want a relationship with that server anymore. The moment you want to change it, you're going to go ahead and kill it. So you think of it as cattle, right? It's a very famous analogy to say this. So cattle is essentially the problem with cattle is the way you handle cattle is that whenever some animal in a herd falls sick, right?  And you don't worry about it. You don't have a relationship with it, right? With pets, how you name your servers is you call it something fuzzy or nice like naruto or something like that. You know, I know naruto is down. I'll go and fix naruto. So in this world, you have cattle. You don't have pets. Okay, now let's look at what happened to our cattle and since how it was made earlier, how it's made now. Okay, once we've implemented immutable infrastructure, then I'll talk about implementation later. So earlier we got a request form of form. We still get that request. This goes to a more modern piece of code. It doesn't go to that code like you see here. There's no getting a list of all servers anymore. There is no more copying code from one directory to another, right? Now the configuration is not stored on each of the 20 servers. It's stored in one key value store, which I'll introduce later. It's called Consul. There is no need to send an act because none of that work is done. There is no need to execute a product setup because the way we do it now, we have pre-prepared instances that we keep ready for our trial well before you've asked or requested for one. So we just use a pre-prepared instance and there's no need for a real assembly. That's a minor point. So you see a lot of steps have been eradicated and so this kind of now reduces down to this. So with three steps, there's less likelihood of having failure and having problems, right? With eight or ten steps, there was more likelihood. One of those three steps, get a request form to make a trial, update the configuration in a key value store and that's a user pre-prepared instance. But how do we achieve this? I'll talk a little bit about achieving this. I imagine you have this old setup and you have a new stuff, right? What's another first thing that you want to do? So every time you have to make a server, you have to put some software on it. So you need to make an image, in the beautiful infrastructure world, you need to make an image that you will install on that server. You can do this in various ways. We have chosen to use Hasheucot, which is a lovely software company which is providing a bunch of solutions for DevOps. So they have four or five tools that we've used almost all of them and I'll share that with you. So they have a tool called Packer, right? And you can use all of this, Hasheucot Packer. And Packer will kind of help you automate the image creation process. So how do you create an image?  And then Packer will generate an image for you and it will also push that to AWS. So that it's available as an AMI. So one of the changes you made from that old infrastructure, this new one, we started using AWS. So we no longer using software and we make an image just like we would with Chef or Ansible or whatever else. And we would then make an AMI one and that AMI would get pushed to AWS. We also made the other change. We said all our applications will dockerize. And that same docker environment is the docker environment when the developer installs the development. So we said, you know, whatever development you're doing you're going to do it in a docker environment and we'll use the same environment without any changes and ship it all the way, right? So we did that. So the development experience is exactly like production. There is no difference. You will not discover above because your development experience was different and where it is installed is different, right? So we use docker and docker to do that. Now docker also needs its images, right? Because what you do is you commit your code to GitHub repository, let's say, right? So GitHub has a post-commit folk that will essentially hit the CI tool that we use. It's called drone. And it's really good for the docker ecosystem and you can try it out. Try it out, drone.io.org. And what that does is it will take the user of the docker finder essentially make a fresh docker image with that latest commit, right? Then you just hit it. And it will move it. We use ECR, the registry that NWS provides for keeping all your images, right? You can also use docker app. So we push our docker image that we've just committed there.  You go and use something like Packer to generate an image. Generates an email, puts it on EWS. Use something to generate latest docker images when code is updated, right? You need these two components. Next thing you need is you need hardware to put that software on, right? These images you've generated but you need hardware for that. So we use another lovely tool that these guys have. It's called Hasukop Teleform, right? It's like cloud formation but with none of the pain.   Because you write so much JSON when you use cloud formation, it's like, oh god. So what Hasukop does is obviously they factor pain also. So they've written a more concise key value kind of syntax called HCL to kind of describe this. So that's the example of that. So here what we're doing we are saying we need an ELB this is just a simple screenshot. We are saying we need an ELB.  The ELB on EWS takes the following settings, right? You should know what port it's running, what protocol it's running, so on and so forth. So you give it those settings. You also tell how many instances you want on this server, right? And what AMI you want to use and what size of an instance you want. You write this in code.  Now whenever you want a fresh ELB you will run Terraformer fly and you will go there check your current state see if you already have the 5 ELBs you need. If you do it won't do anything. But let's say you have already 2 ELBs and then you will have changes number to 5 and running. Add 3 more ELBs. So that infrastructure is cold. As opposed to going to EWS console saying add a new ELB and then manually configuring it you do it like this. So now we are going to scale the model. How long does it take to scale? To add 15 more ELBs? A lot of time. We will not do this. We will just change that time to 15. Press enter, set Terraformer applied new ELBs are up and running. And this is not restricted to simply all our ELBs can be configured with this. Almost all of them. So you can configure security groups NACLs, VPHs, everything. And it's all in code. So if a new guy joins our company and you don't have much documentation he can do it to read this to understand exactly how everything is connected with this. Now if 2 people have to fire an ELB in the company it won't be any different. There is no risk of it being different. There is no chance of it being different. So you got exactly the same way. So it's standard like this now. Terraform allows you to review your changes. So when you run Terraformer applied you can tell you this is what will change but you want to go ahead with this. So you can see over this is what it's going to do. And then you can approve it. So it's very safe. You can collaborate so you can commit your Terraform code into a repository. And then a bunch of people can work together to get infrastructure up and running. And that wasn't possible earlier. Because you were sitting in a guy sitting next to you. He said, let's do it like this. Or I know we should do it like this and so on and so forth. Now if I want to make an ELB I'll do this ELB and I'll give it to Buffan. And say Buffan, this is how I think the ELB should be. Instead of you missing you know you want to kind of add this configuration as well. You want to add these other things. It will all happen before I add the collaboration. I'll commit and then when I run it it's also modular. So you can write you can write a configuration for a web server which runs Ingenix and PHP. And then anybody can do it. It's not limited to your company. So you have modules. It also gives you environment parity. So now you can take a staging environment. Same things, modern instances, less instances just change the size or the number, the cost aspect. You can change the same environment. The same SG, same NATL, same VPN all of those rules will be exactly the same. So that's teleformed. You have very little time but I can kind of speak to something. So now you've got the you've got the image that you want to install on the hardware and you know how to get your hardware in a reliable fashion. Because we dockerized and even if you did even for normal servers you need something that's going to damage all your containers. So what happens when you're running multiple applications is that you might have servers which have unutilized capacity and you just make for it without ever using it. So what Nomad does, Nomad is the next one in the AshiCop schedule. What that does is essentially schedules your posts and manages them. So it will decide when and where to run a certain service. If it feels that a certain post is empty and it could take another instance of the service, it will run it differently. So you give it a fleet of hardware and it essentially manages all the docker deployments or even non-talking deployments. It has three kinds of tasks or jobs that it does. It does, it calls them services, system and math jobs. So you could tell Nomad to do a service job. What that means is that it will decide where your service is running. So whatever job let's say you want to run a certain application so you configure it as a service job and then Nomad will decide in the cluster where it is going to run. You give it some constraints, I need so many instances or I need so much CPU and so on and so forth and then it will choose where to run it on which hardware.  System jobs are very similar to service jobs but the last plan on the set of nodes that was chosen for sure one instance must run some person. So with a service it's possible that an instance is not running on one box at all but it's running on other ones. But with a system job it's going to run on each box. So we use systems of that and they have bad jobs. Bad jobs are for example if you want to use it to share the money. You come up with a bad job and you give it to Nomad and Nomad then execute it for you on any of the servers and it feels great. How you describe all of these jobs is using a JSON line format essentially and you go ahead and select what a command you want it to run, what resources it should use so on and so forth and then Nomad does all this. So you specify the constraints. Nomad has to kind of improve efficiency and in our case it also answers don't do green deployments. So what Nomad does for us is a hook hits Nomad when a new deployment happens and then Nomad will say you know I need to deploy and we told you to use a blue green strategy so it generates 5 new servers the old 5 servers are still receiving traffic generate 5 new servers wait for them to go green so they have health checks they grow green. Once they go green it switches the traffic from these 5 servers to these 5 servers then takes these 5 servers down. Thus blue green deployment gives you a beautiful infrastructure without any doubt. Once you got all of this set you also need to worry a little bit about configuration and secrets. So configuration is easy you can store it on Hickey value store and I will use that later but secrets you can store on a tool offered by HashiCock called Word. What Word does essentially is secrets management it allows you to safely and securely keep your secrets and to programmatically access so you put all your tokens and everything you need Word. You don't put them on every server you don't put them in a Chef data bag there is no thumbs up the surface area for the threat is against you. Obviously all the HashiCock tools work with each other so Word integrates naturally with Nomad so what happens is that first we have to think about console business services coming which is on the next slide that comes up and then Word comes up and we create a new region so then Word comes up and Nomad comes up in parallel and waits for Word to become ready and then Word is ready Nomad looks for a role and profile defined for it so it gets that from Word it gets all the credentials it needs then it creates custom roles and profiles for each application so if you have a server service which only needs access to say one third party service and needs your token it will give it that and that service so it does all of that what will help do all of that in our case for example it also creates IAM users so if a service needs an IAM user it automatically created for you it also does encryption as a service you don't use that but that feature is available encryption as a service is a general idea that you are bought up and running you give it any data it keeps all the certificates on it saying in the back that you can use to ship anywhere we don't use that but it's also available running out of time is a worship you guys can ask me questions later so then there's console this is the fifth and the last component that we used one of the problems was if a service went down we wouldn't know that the service is gone down so what console does for us is service discovery so you may have heard of Rukipa Rukipa does something similar console service discovery is available so if you have a service running on some DNS endpoint like service.cap.com you know you query that make a DNS query in terms of all the IPs on which that service is running you can connect to any of them and if a service goes down it helps us with way and it will automatically be removed from the DNS so now when your application is running it queries again it gets that only these four IPs are available one is not available so it won't be usable so service discovery becomes completely automated and can be used in your application also provide that key values too so earlier we used to have a configuration for each tenant for everybody so investors tried to try it with us we gave them a custom configuration saying they are not a free plan and then they decided to pay and we kind of upgraded that configuration all of that is now stored on console and it offers a key value store a very simple key value store that you can access as you need and we store that configuration you don't have to go to each server every server has a normal console agent running on it which helps you query and get all the configuration details you need you can also do right time configuration you don't know what to do with this even ahead so what you can do for example is every time you add a load balancer let's say you want to add engineering screws so when a load balancer is automatically it registers with console as a load balancer then there is a tool called console template that is listening to console and says all new load balancers has come up I need to make all the upstream servers come up I need to make entries into load balancers right so it will go and modify the engineering configuration file on all the existing server that would happen automatically that was a bit mutable for us so we moved on from this and we now completely DNS based look up from this but I will not cover that right now that is why we use console right that is a screenshot showing you essentially services which are green and so on and so forth and it tells you how to do on the network what the health service is so on and so forth okay so quickly to wrap this up so that was all of hashit top that we used right so now what you have got is you have got images made you know how to get hardware up you can put it on that hardware you can manage your secrets and you can do light discovery of services you can do all of this but all of this wouldn't nearly be possible or practical to do without having a power provider and so we use AWS right and if you remember the components that we used earlier all of them were replaced by AWS components which are highly available completely managed so we don't have to worry about that so if you notice we have reached out now we are just using SQS you know BirdsRide Elasticsearch is no longer provisioned or run by us there is an Elasticsearch service the data boost provides so we just take our form make an Elasticsearch service cluster with three servers it's done that's the total amount of effort we have to make the same boost for readers Elasticcache service MySQL we use Aurora which is a managed variant of MySQL that AWS provides and it's not dynamic but it's available and gives the world most of us a piece of it so all of this wouldn't have been possible you can't do this in software you have to be on a cloud provider it can be any cloud provider that's the number of components that we use and all of these are not managed by us they are managed by AWS so all of that overhead is gone forever and you don't worry that's how you build a bullet train that's what we thought we did question that I cannot rush through this we have a few minutes for questions yes, yes, yes so you can...there are forms for example you can write you can write a script to run on any provider so you can write AWS Google, so on and so forth it doesn't matter you just change the provider and the script to no understanding so yes it is any other questions? yes, yes what is it supposed to be? AWS AWS AWS we will... yes yes, you can put anything in the script you can provision a post-production script okay I have this I have this little you have a you can go you can go and hit that it's an example of how we how somebody could build an app in the cat on it right now it's 5 minutes of video it's better it takes 10 to 12 minutes but in 10 to 12 minutes you can write an app in cat and get it up and running on the cloud in no time so that's the illustration of how all of this comes together to help development cool, thank you so much thanks a lot that was super informative


The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different types and frequencies of physiotherapy on ventilator weaning among patients in the intensive care unit, ICU, and to identify the optimal type and frequency of intervention. 24 randomized controlled trials were included for systematic review and 15 out of 24 articles were analyzed in the meta-analysis. Early rehabilitation, especially the progressive mobility treatment exerted an optimal effect in reducing the ventilator duration in patients in the ICU. Standardized mean difference, SMD, equals 0.91, 95% confidence interval, CI, equals 0.23 to 1.58, P less than 0.01. Regarding the treatment frequency, the high-frequency intervention did not result in a favorable effect on ventilator duration compared with the moderate frequency of treatment, SMD equals 0.75, 95% CI equals minus 1.13 to 2.64, P equals 0.43. Therefore, early rehabilitation with progressive mobility is highly recommended to decrease the ventilation duration received by patients in. This article was authored by Ruiyan Wu, Huanjiya, Kaijia Chang, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.