Okay the title is what you should know about socialism and originally it was you know what millennials should know about socialism but somebody essentially planned the schedule and changed it with this and the president of the Mises Institute has informed me that no student will be allowed to leave the building tonight unless you can prove you have purchased a copy of my book the problem of socialism over here so make sure you have your receipt in the copy of the book at hand or else you'll be spending the night here this that's Pinocchio on the cover by the way and my my publisher regularly publishing they debated the Pied Piper and Pinocchio those were the two the two finalists in the artwork for the front there was a great I preferred the Pied Piper because it had a big group of children following the Pied Piper behind the Pied Piper and I guess the Pied Piper is supposed to be Bernie Sanders you know the flutes but they chose Pinocchio instead and they thought it would stand out more in a bookstore with a big nose and all that sort of thing and so I just so I wrote this this book it's a fairly short book and Regnery contacted me when you know there were these opinion polls came out that some of you might be familiar with them of American young people and I guess millennials or I don't know anybody between 16 and 35 or something like that high percentage you know one poll had 60 percent said they prefer socialism to capitalism another ones 40 percent of them said they could vote for a socialist candidate for president of the United States and so so we decided it's it's important to put together a book that's easy to read you can stick it in your knapsack which is why it's this size it's not a it's a little smaller than human action you know as you can see but but but I did how many chapters that I write about 16 chapters that I fit in there and I promise different aspects socialism I try to make it as readable as possible but with lots and lots of footnotes so well documented in case anybody wants to follow up with anything and so I want to talk about today is basically things that if you if you get into a discussion or a debate with you one of your classmates the sociology major who's wearing a capitalism must die t-shirt on campus you can't really say go read human action you know convince them or something like that you know how could you have a conversation and so so I'm going to go down as many of these 10 points as I can get through in in 45 minutes and but first of all you know what is socialism it started out the definition of socialism as government ownership of the means of production okay in the early late 19th early 20th century but as Hayek pointed out in the road to serfdom and in the 1976 edition to the road to serfdom he said pretty much by the 1930s and 40s it came to mean not just that but but the redistribution of income through the welfare state and the progressive income tax and Hayek wrote that egalitarianism was always the ideology that was least put out there by socialists of promoting equality you know of outcome and and the vehicle started out as being a takeover of the factories but that didn't work out too well in Russia and so they kept the same goal egalitarianism but different means different vehicles meaning the welfare state and the progressive income tax and if you so if you were to go on the website of say democratic socialists of America you wouldn't see any definitions saying government ownership of the means of production you see all sorts of of things you know super minimum wage you know takeover of the electric power companies you know they would they want the government run you know a lot of government run industry still but but it involves a lot more you'd see you know a vastly expanded welfare state progressive income tax and so forth so it's it's it's a lot more than just government ownership of the means of production and and whenever I give these talks and when I write the book people I did 65 radio interviews in about in about a month after the book came out and people would always tell me well come yeah communism was bad but socialism might not be quite as bad but my answer is though was given to me by my old friend Yuri Maltsev who lived a big part of his life under communism and was a an advisor to Mikhail Gorbachev that there never was any such thing as communism you know communism is this utopian ideal that will occur once the state withers away okay but in the meantime we're all socialists we were working toward communism and so yeah that's why the soviet union you know it was the union of so of soviet socialist republics ussr they didn't call it the union of soviet communist republics because communism never existed it was what they wanted to achieve 200 years from now or whenever that was you know the utopian goal and so it's really is a red herring argument to say well yeah that was communism all that bad bad things that happened in the 20th century no it wasn't that's why misi's book was called socialism and not communism his critique of socialism he knew what he was criticizing out there okay another point that you would need to make is that if you want to destroy your economic future then go for it adopt socialism okay just just look at history you know look at history to quote my old friend Yuri again you know Yuri defected from the soviet union before the collapse and he's a good friend of the institute he was here on sunday from passing through town and he's taught he's lectured at the Mises in too many times he'll be at the supporter's summit in september here in auburn and he defected from the soviet union and it's a remarkable story so one day he's an advisor to Gorbachev and he's one of the architects of perestroika and a couple weeks later he's a civilian employee of the us army and and employed by the cia and he's debriefing dick cheney the defense secretary on the sides of the soviet economy and the story he tells is that he told cheney the soviet economy was no more than five percent of the us economy and cheney tells him well our cia he says it's more like 65 percent so surely it's probably somewhere between five percent and 65 percent and Yuri was adamant no five percent that was it and so he apparently is the guy who convinced the us government that the cold war is over that you know the so the soviets could never wage a war against gahu as somebody said on tv last night even today they're still like mexico with nukes as far as the size of their economy you know there's nothing wrong with mexico but in terms of gdp size of economy is so you know just like you know we're not worried about mexico dropping nuclear bombs on us and neither should we worry about them necessarily and so uh and it was much smaller than so it was no more than five percent of the us biggest country in the world most natural resources a huge population of very talented people uh the russians have always been creative and talented people for hundreds of years they produce a lot of brilliant people and and look what they did i well i had an mba class once somebody asked me uh well what or i asked the class well you know who can think of any good product that was produced by russian socialism and nobody could say think of anything and i had a couple of uh military guys in the class a couple of us army guys that were getting an mba degree and they said ak-47s and that's that's all they could think of but i but even that you know who knows that they they probably spent five thousand dollars in resources to produce a five hundred dollar gun you know yeah it was the ak-47 but probably it wasn't probably wasn't even profitable produced in that manner under socialism and then of course after world war two the british decided to ditch uh winston churchill as their prime minister when he ran for prime minister and hayek was one of his advisors at the time and he kept quoting hayek and that probably didn't help him out very much because it's right at the end of world war two and there's this guy with a vaguely german accent as an advisor to winston churchill i didn't fly politically in in england at the time and so they adopted fabian socialism in the 1940s right after world war two their own version of socialism and by the 1970s the whole world was talking about the british disease because they nationalized all the commanding heights of the economy the steel industry electric power of the railroads coal mines and and they did what what always happens with with socialism is they they took for every one thousand dollars in resources they turned it into something less than a thousand dollars and you do that year in year out you're in big trouble so it was known as the british disease and that's how margaret thatcher got it got elected in and tried to turn things around through privatization uh argentina you give another example they had a sort of a combination of socialism nationalization of industry and fascism where they had they allowed private enterprise to exist but heavily regiment regimented by government pervasive price controls pervasive regulation that's essentially economic fascism and i'm going to talk in a minute about how fascism always has been a just a form of socialism there's no difference really between fascism and socialism is minor differences uh and then argentina did what uh what all these countries do eventually what venezuela is doing today they ruin their economy and they try to bail themselves out by printing money and they ended up with 12 000 price inflation in the 1980s and argentina went from the 10th richest country in the world at one point in history to barely ahead in the rankings gdp per capita gdp rankings barely ahead of equatorial new guinea and so that's what socialism did for argentina after after the british left uh as rulers of india in uh india the indian government had the bright idea that soviet central planning would be the wave of the future so they literally hired a soviet economist or two to come over and to to uh cooperate with a couple of uh indian economists and and of course naturally india became synonymous with poverty for many decades after that until rajiv ghandi came along and began privatizing and cutting taxes and liberating the indian economy so you know if you want to create poverty and misery there's your roadblock after colonialism in africa the slogan that the african potentates gave is uh africa must cannot prosper without socialism and of course by that they meant cannot prosper without us being dictators in centrally planning society pretty much and of course the rest is history most of africa became synonymous with dire poverty as well for many decades until some of the countries anyway began liberating and of course you have the example of china and hong kong you know for all those years but before china started allowing more and more private enterprise to exist uh there was a glaring example hong kong was one of the most prosperous countries in the world even though it's basically a big rock with no water no oil but a lot of freedom in a in a 10 flat income tax under british rule and right next door the same people the same culture the same language uh totally the opposite totally the dire poverty until they started turning around about 15 years ago i had a student who uh came to school he wanted to be an entrepreneur uh he was a freshman i'm going to be an entrepreneur when i get my economics degree and he spent his junior junior year in china in his study abroad and he came back and he told me that uh he thinks there's more economic freedom to be an entrepreneur in china than there was in united states at that time and uh and and he went back to china he he did what he said he became an entrepreneur in china learned mandarin chinese he got married and then came a businessman in china okay so so if you want to ruin your economic future socialism is the perfect roadblock for it that's the most one message you can tell your your classmate with the capitalism must die t-shirt okay another example another thing i would say is you cannot reform socialism and reforming socialism and making it work this time is kind of like saying well you know i'm highly allergic to poison ivy and but here's what i'm going to do there's a lot of it in my yard so here's what i'm going to do i'm going to get a pair of scissors and you know poison ivy has three leaves on it and i'm going to go all through the yard i'm going to i'm going to clip off one leaf of every poison ivy plant i'm going to reform poison ivy and so that'll do the trick or or if you live in alabama and you have kudzu that's taken over your your pine tree it's kind of like saying well i'm going to do the same thing i'm going to get some scissors and clip around the edges of some of these kudzu leaves it'll stop it from growing it won't well the problem solved and of course you cannot reform socialism uh despite what george stiglitz says in george stiglitz the Nobel prize-winning leftist communist economist uh when he was working for bill clinton offered an article in the new york times claiming socialism can work after all he just need to have smart guys like me in charge and of course how many times has that argument been made over the past hundred hundred or so years over and over and over and over again you know what you know what a hubris you know can you have it it shows you that you don't need to know anything about economics really to win the Nobel prize in economics and uh and it reminded me of when a speech my old professor gordon telequence made at a meeting of the mont pellerin society in in cambridge england that this was back in 1984 when i was only two years old in the in the gordon brought down the house these were all these uh hyac was there you know you're all classical liberals and he and he's given the speech how to win the Nobel prize and all he had was a bunch of quotations from james toben and he would just you know read one of these things and the whole 700 people would just break out and laugh during it over and over again and by these are people who are familiar with austrian economics or at least the bastard child of austrian economics chicago school economics and we still knew knew knew knew that and so so they got it they got his jokes she cannot reform socialism because of the incentive problem the old incentive problem the calculation problem that you all should be schooled in by now in this room and the knowledge problem the idea that a small group of planners could somehow possess all the knowledge that is in the minds of the millions of market participants uh and you know in other words the ipencil the famous essay ipencil by linard read you know read that and you understand that what the knowledge problem is basically of organizing the allocation of resources takes a lot of information of time and place in the minds of a lot of different people and so you can't reform socialism for these reasons and uh you know when i teach principles of economics you know week one week two at some point i tell the class here's uh or sometimes the first day of class uh what when we're gonna here's how i'm going to grade everybody we're going to give multiple choice exams here it's principles of microeconomics and uh i'm going to get all the exams and if and uh what i'm going to do is i'm going to get the higher scores and i'm going to redistribute the points so if you got a hundred i'll probably give 20 or 30 points away to the guy who got a 40 so that everybody gets a C the same grade because i'm going to adopt academic socialism that's that's what we're going to do and so you've got so you've got that problem and so of course every single one of them understands well why should i study why should i spend one minute studying i'm going to get a C no matter what happens and so and that's that's the incentive problem but the more the more important problem though is the calculation problem now how do you know how to how to put resources together in an efficient manner to produce goods and services if there are no private property and market prices if the prices are arbitrarily dictated by government and they don't reflect scarcity or supply and demand in general then you're just doing everything random it's like it's like trying to drive around a strange city without street signs and find where you're going it's it's an impossibility okay uh point number four i would make is that uh democratic socialism there's no reason why democratic socialism cannot be just as destructive as any other kind of socialism uh bostiot friedrich bostiot wrote in his famous book little book the law that in his day he recognized that well what's the difference between the government just confiscating factories and people voting to allow government to confiscate the factories the only difference is well we took a vote on it but the end result is the government confiscated the factories and so he made the point that you know if the government votes to have some one uniform plan or the people vote that one uniform plan put on all of society it's the same as communism the communism which is put one uniform plan on society by the government it doesn't really matter whether you took a vote on it or not you get the same you get the same result and of course if you just look around the world you look at venezuela today i probably we're gonna have and i encourage everybody to listen to the presentation by our students from venezuela tomorrow what time is it tomorrow what is it 12 30 12 30 tomorrow about the venezuelan economy because your your classmate with the capitalism must dye t-shirt needs to know about what's going on in venezuela today and it has been going on for quite a while brazil argentina the same thing these are all democratic countries hitler was elected you know democracy doesn't necessarily guarantee peace and prosperity at all and as far as that you know what one of the one of the questions i always get when i when i did radio interviews about this is uh what about sweden you know what about sweden some of the Scandinavian countries well you know what one of the things i did in my classroom last year when i was talking about this is there are these indexes of economic freedom and the heritage foundation does one kato institute does one the phraser institute in canada does one and and actually walter block is is sort of the founding father of these indexes of economic freedom i mean he worked with the liberty fund jeez it was like the late 80s early 90s and to start have some conferences that just start talking about this concept of uh indexes of economic freedom and i attended one of the very first ones that walter organized and i sat next to milton and rose freedman and uh richard strupe was there and charles murray and who's a fabulous statistician and people like that and we're just talking about the concept of well what should we include in these indexes of economic freedom but now they're they're very well worked out there's there's scholarly articles that have been written about them in all the top economics journals and if you look at the latest rankings they rank countries and they give them a number by uh you know the degree of economic freedom you know freedom freedom of exchange free trade uh uh foreign exchange rate controls by government sank you know protection of property rights all these categories that they use and sweden and the united states are pretty much tied today you know the ranks like like 116 and 117 is the index number basically so so the degree of economic freedom in other words in sweden is about today about the same as in the united states it wasn't always that way though sweden you know after in the post world war two years adopted their version of democratic socialism and among the things and so and they were able to do that because sweden was a very low tax uh high high economic freedom country in the late 19th early 20th century they produced many great entrepreneurs who uh you know the sob automobiles and and things like that uh dynamites you know for Nobel and dynamite and so it became very prosperous one of the wealthiest countries in europe certainly and if not the world for a while and then they made this big u-turn adopted post war socialism and according to the swedish academy of economics i guess it's their version of the american economic association not a single net new job was created in sweden from 1950 until 2005 not one net new job was created 55 years of zero job growth in sweden as a result of swedish socialism and so by the 1980s they did what venezuela is doing today they did what they do argentina did in the 80s they tried to inflate their way out of it they created a lot of inflation and 500 interest rates in sweden in 1980s and so that caused a great retrenchment so they've been retrenching uh cutting back cutting taxes uh even doing away with some socialized medicine privatizing industries so that today they're back they're ranking their economic freedom index ranking is much closer to the us you know as you know we've been marching in their direction we've been marching in that direction so what what i told what i told some of my students was that when bernie sanders makes speeches say we should be more like sweden he means sweden of 1970 the sweden of his youth he doesn't he doesn't mean sweden today and then the government of sweden adamantly uh denies that they're a socialist country you know who wants to be called a socialist country aside from the crazy people in venezuela cuban and and a few other places like that in the government uh today you know you know invest here we are a socialist country yes another point that needs to be made about socialism uh is uh and i encourage everybody to read the chapter in in the road to serfdom hyax famous book the road to serfdom uh on the called the worst rise to the top and the fundamental idea is that under socialism and and collectivism of any kind no matter what you call it uh it basically requires the forceful imposition of a government plan or a set of government plans to replace the individual plans that people make for their own lives and so it it always requires some degree of coercion force intimidation uh and it's a matter of degree you know it's like the leftist today in america that you see setting fire on buildings because a tom woods type speaker might show up at berkeley thinking of talk or or antifa beating the daylights out of somebody because he's not a communist like them on the college campus you know all this violence i mean that's nothing compared to the mass murder of millions that occurred under socialism in the 20th century but it's still the use of violence coercion intimidation and so forth it's it's ingrained into the psyche of every collectivist that they know best and that they have some sort of inherent right to force their way on you and so uh so there's a big uh big you know a matter of degree of how much coercion and violence they're willing to to impose on on you and hyac makes that point that under under socialism uh it requires the people who rise to the top or the people who have the fewest qualms about brutalizing their fellow man and so if you look at some and this is something that uh your classmates uh should need to know about if you're going to debate them about socialism because they're professors with the who still some who still have big pictures of malty tome or shea grovara in their office or casero or or you know whatever other mass murdering communist that uh that they still have a i still see the t-shirts on campus all the time they might want to take a look take a look at this book the black book of communism that uh there was probably some years ago by seven french scholars and translated into english i don't know if you can read that but uh this is a the death toll this is uh the number of people murdered by their own governments because they descended from socialism this is not war deaths this is not world war two or anything like that this is how many people were murdered by their own governments because they did not want socialism soviet union 20 million china 60 million vietnam one million north korea two million cambodia two million eastern europe one million latin america 150 000 africa 1.7 million in afghanistan 1.5 million deaths and uh there's a sociologist named rudy rummel r u m m e l he was at the university of hawaii for many years and uh he has a website he wrote a book called democide and uh and another one called death by government and you can you could google him and you could find all these statistics on this and it's death by government it's it's his chapter and verse of this and so what what hayek basically said the way this works is under socialism you have to impose some sort of central plan on society and because of economic reality the plan fails okay that's step one the plan fails step two is rather than admit failure the powers that be uh such as in in in venezuela uh will will adopt even more dictatorial powers and the guys from venezuela will tell you how they disbanded their led national legislature and put their political cronies in power instead and so they're sort of uh doing away with democracy all together all that and then at some point hayek said the powers the governmental powers will have they must choose between the disregard of normal morals and failure either they're going to admit failure or they have to disregard morals and become brutal and which one do you think they're going to choose they're never going to admit failure and so that that leads eventually to more and more uh violence and so and so forth and if you in the the black book of communism has some very uh telling it's kind of disgusting reading i had students in a class read read this book once and uh i might have caused psychological problems some of them and uh here's here's what they write about what happened in uh in the soviet union for example among the techniques these are techniques used to deal with people who dissented against socialism among the techniques employed by socialist regimes not just soviet union but all over the world firing squads hanging drowning battering gassing poisoning or car or quote car accidents something reminds you of bill clinton doesn't it the destruction of the population by starvation through mad made famine the withholding of food or both deportation through which death can occur in transit you know accidentally of course or through forced labor exhaustion illness hunger or cold the soviet union's experiment with socialism included what these authors call its venture into planned logical and politically correct mass slaughter so so when your professors have these pictures of malty tongue in their office where you see somebody wearing a shea guavara t-shirt and they always take the moral high ground don't they on the college campus as a socialist they're always a social justice you know the social justice these are the people they assert are associating with this is what they're associating with you know how how how much justice to all these millions of dead people get who dissented against socialism so you need to throw that in their face i some of my students uh that were members of college republicans got the uh were in my class and they they got these data on all the deaths and they had sort of the the day where you can join they all set up booths on campus outside and you can join this club or that club they you know the the fencing club or the swimming club or the and they had the the republican club and they were handing out these statistics on death by government and and they told me that they didn't run across one student who had ever heard anything at all about any of it they totally didn't know one person ever died under under socialism in the 20th century and these are all you know 20 21 year old students okay the next next point i would make is fascism is the same as is a form of socialism and Hayek explained this pretty clearly in the road to surf surf them you know there was a false dichotomy that is credited with Joseph Stalin himself where he claimed that uh you know there's a difference between communism and fascism because you know the germans were fascist and uh and uh his enemies you know after a while they were his his allies for a while at the beginning of world war two but then his enemies and so he the the russians pretty much they succeeded and with a lot of help by leftist academics and others to say that if well if you're not a economist and if you're not a communist you're a fascist and who wants to be associated with hitler and so you want to be associated with the nice socialist Stalin and so you know in our mouthy tongue and so but they're basically the same thing you know after all uh Nazi means national socialism the national socialist german workers party after all that's that's what it what the word means um so here's what Hayek said the dominant feature of fascism Hayek said was a fierce hatred of anything capitalistic individual profits seeking large-scale enterprise banks joint stock companies department stores international finance and loan capital and the interest the system of what they called interest slavery you know the charging interest slavery in uh in in general okay and so if you look at the the the fascists of the 20th century like Mussolini Hitler uh before they became into power especially Mussolini they spent years denouncing classical liberalism adam smith what they call the english tradition which would have been the english tradition of john lock adam smith classical liberalism and they actually used the word classical liberalism and their denunciations so let me take it from the horse's mouth uh i read uh years ago i read Mussolini's biography autobiography you know it's kind of funny he writes an autobiography and he was a phd and he had a phd in philosophy i think he was a highly educated uh italian and but but his biography the title reminded me of uh well if you gave a third grader the assignment write a bi autobiography and give it a title that's your homework assignment for the weekend and his the title of his autobiography was my autobiography it's like a third grader my autobiography right well well i went got ice cream and i went and yes but anyway but but the substance was there's more substance than that and his is uh he also wrote a book called fascism doctrine and institutions he said this the fascist conception of conception of life stresses the importance of the state and accepts the individual only insofar as his interests coincide with the state it is opposed to classical liberalism doesn't get any clearer than that of course classical liberalism is the philosophical underpinning of capitalism you know read misi's book liberalism that's why misi's called his book liberalism classical liberalism and he said it is opposed to classical liberalism which denied the state in the name of the individual okay that's Mussolini he was on to say the maximum that society exists only for the well-being and freedom of the individuals composing it does not seem to be in conformity with nature's plans which care only for the species and seem ready to sacrifice uh the individual he says uh the idea that individuals should be sacrificed for the greater good is the essence of the fascist philosophy so that's uh Mussolini himself in the german fascism there's a man named paul lynch who was one of the sort of the ideological godfathers of german fascism he wrote a book called three years of world revolution and uh he said he said this he condemned english liberalism classical liberalism he said is a classical embodiment and which was adopted by the spokesman of the german bourgeoisie in the 50s 60s and 70s of the 19th century but these standards are old-fashioned and shattered just as old-fashioned english liberalism has been shattered what has to be done now is to get rid of these inherited political ideas and to assist in the growth of a new conception of state and society and this sphere also socialism must present a conscious and determined opposition to individualism that's that's one of the intellectual godfathers of naziism saying that and so of course socialism and fascism were the same thing and uh the jews were were seen as symbols of capitalism to the nazis uh hayek wrote this he wrote uh he quoted uh him saying the party nazi party come this is hitler himself speaking from mind conf the party combats the jewish materialist spirit within and without us and is convinced that our nation can achieve a permanent health from within only on the principle the common interests before the self-interest and so right out of hitler's mouth himself he said that you know he thought the jewish people were symbols of capitalism and that's why he wanted to destroy them and capitalism and the nazis by the way nationalized about 50 percent of the german economy they just took over about half of all the factories and things and the rest were heavily regulated and regimented by the government so that they were de facto nationalized and so uh and hayek wrote in the in red serfdom that you know the government takes over 50 percent of all the means of production and regulates the other 50 percent endlessly it's pretty much pure socialism it's it's uh it's not anything else okay point number eight that i would make since you know if you look up the democratic socialists of america and other other leftist groups today they want unlimited welfare uh they want to bring in all the every peasant every last peasant from the third world and put them on welfare here in the united states you know they say it right there in their websites and so what do we know about socialist well welfare state well of course it encourages dependency which is a form of slavery to the state uh it crowds out private charity uh when you know people people a lot of people take the attitude well the government will take care of my parents and their old age so i don't need to save up for them social security will take care of them i don't need to educate my own children the government is educating my children i don't need to lift a finger to help the poor people in my neighborhood uh the single mother who lost her job and it still has three kids to feed i don't need to do anything for her because the government is taking care of her she gets a welfare check and so it crowds out private individual efforts either individually or collectively to do these things and of course the private efforts are always much more effective it destroys families and that was always one of the one of the things that was emphasized in the in the communist manifesto the abolition of the family because if you're if you're uh if your allegiance is to your family you can't it's not to the states and so you can't have that you know every type of allegiance must be eliminated whether it's the state the local government or anything else religion you know you can't can't let that exist and so uh and there's a big literature on this i would recommend reading charles murray's landmark book losing ground if you if you've never heard of it or read it about the effects of the welfare estate charles murray worked for the federal government for 15 years after getting his phd in political science and statistics from mit and his job was to evaluate welfare programs and boy did he learn a lot and then then he left the government and years later wrote this book losing ground that had to do with a lot of the research he had conducted all this time about the effects of the welfare estate so uh i don't have time to get into it much more than that but i would just recommend uh looking that up if you want to learn a little bit about these things i just said about the effects of the of the welfare estate you know the first plank of the communist manifesto is abolition of private property big capital letters plank number two there's a ten ten planks of you know ten i ten things that we've pretty much adopted all of them here in the united states saved a long time ago but the second one was a progressive income tax the heavy used the word heavy heavy progressive income tax the second plank you know second most important thing to carl marx and frederick angles and of course we know that the the income tax penalizes work thrift and entrepreneurship and and fuels envy and class warfare and that's called fairness that's what we call that we call that fairness but it does something even worse than that is it's the nationalization of income when the u.s. government adopted an income tax in the year 1913 it was announcing that all the income that you produce from now on is ours we the government own all of your income and we will tell you how much of it you're allowed to keep by setting the tax rates but it's ours if we want to set the tax rate at 90 we have that right now if we want to set it at 10 we have that right too but your income is ours so they nationalize the income and and what that means is that you know the government when uh as a lot of you know i've written quite a bit about the american civil war and lincoln and these things uh well there was a huge desertion crisis in the u.s. army and during the civil war you read you read i've read these books about desertion and you never taught this in school but there would be times when on the eve of a big battle there would be 80 thousand union army soldiers in camp and then the next day when the battle begins there's 10 thousand where'd they go they're massive and but the government was small enough that it just didn't have the resources to hunt down the the deserters they they hid out in the mountains of pennsylvania or someplace like that but with an income tax with the government's ability to put its its paws in everybody's pockets there's no problem you know you're not going to desert from the army they're going to track you down and shoot you probably you put you in prison make you live in a cage for a long time or execute you because they can hire thousands and thousands of people to go out and find you once they have all that money and so the income tax created a tremendous centralization of power in the nation's capital because now the nation's capital had its its hand in everybody's pocket with the income taxes so it basically nationalized everybody's income uh the final point i would make since all of your your your uh snowflake uh uh classmates with the capitalism must die t-shirts uh claimed to be environmentalists they need to know that the worst environmental catastrophes in human history have taken place in the socialist countries uh during the right when when communism was socialism collapsed in the soviet union and eastern and central europe you know these were closed societies for the most part for decades and so you couldn't just go and look around uh there this this same this mont Peller and society meeting i attended to when i was uh a long time ago i was young a story about that is that the meeting before that was in the west berlin and you were allowed to go into east berlin and so hayek himself and milton freedman and some of these older mont Peller and members got on a bus and went on a tour and and and the the the guards the east german guards found out that they were part of the mont Peller and society and mont Peller and is a mountain in switzerland so they thought it was a mountain climbing society and they see feeble old william h hut here you know and hayek you know he's he they said these guys aren't mountain climbers so they held them up for like hours they maybe went through all the any luggage they had and everything and as far as that goes but uh but once communism collapsed we were able to freely walk around and so there were all these books have been written with titles like ecocide in the ussr ecological suicide and i wrote quite a few articles there's one the easiest to read one is in the freeman i think i think they titled it how socialism causes pollution but what we found was with things like uh in lake bycal the biggest freshwater lake in the world uh there were they uh non-treated sewage had been pumped into it for for 70 years and uh and there were articles in the in the wall street journal new york times places like that about how there were islands of sewage three miles wide and eight miles long floating around lake bycal because you imagine being on a sunny day being out there in your sailboat and you kind of fall asleep because you've had a couple of beers and then the and the boat kind of crashes into something and you and you wake up and there's an island of crap eight miles long just ran into uh and there were stories of uh in parts of eastern europe where the soil was uh contaminated down to a foot deep because of decades of overuse of chemical fertilizers nothing would grow uh in poland if you have lung disease they would send you to underground uranium mines to to improve your health and i would think it's not not the safest place to be next to uranium under the earth but uh in in parts in the industrial parts of poland there were stories of how several times a day uh fire trucks would go through town with big hoses to knock the lead and cadmium dust out of the air uh and uh an old friend who who uh grew up and lived in former ukoslavia and was a lawyer for the government iven pungrasic senior yeah there's some of you might know the young iven pungrasic with his father uh he was a government lawyer under the ukoslavian government of communism and so he had privileges and so having privileges he was able to get a nice apartment but he picked the 30th floor in a building with no elevator and so and i asked him once uh did you do that for physical fitness you know in training for the senior olympics or what's that he said oh no i'd say the the pollution is so bad that you can't if you can't open your windows below the 30th floor as you know that you can't see anything for one thing and it's a and then all the pollution the lead dust and everything comes in in your house and so so we have these economic catastrophes and so uh and that by the way calls into question the whole paguvian theory about pollution doesn't it because the basic theory is that the root cause of pollution problems is unregulated free markets but in these societies that outlawed unregulated free markets for 50 60 70 years we had the by far the worst pollution problems in the world and so and so that's that's that point now one more point i'll make is that and we'll wrap it up is that socialism is uh is a is a cause of inequality not equality capitalism is the great equalizer you know how many stories do you need to be told of the immigrant who comes to america or the person born into a poor family who makes something of himself and creates starts a business and becomes an entrepreneur and becomes wealthy how many how many times you have to see that its capitalism is the great equalizer economic freedom is the great equalizer socialism is the great stultifier out there because as hayek said under socialism the only power worth having is political power so the politically connected live very well everybody else is equal in their poverty i read i read a while back for example that the daughter of the former president of venezuela is reportedly worth what's the number they gave reportedly worth i think uh four billion dollars or something like that some huge amount of wealth and uh you know did she invent microsoft or something like that apple computer how did she become worth billions of dollars i also read that the former finance minister of venezuela who no longer who left the country i think he lives in switzerland now is worth billions of dollars in wealth and so i also read it is as dire as things are for the ordinary people in venezuela today still the politically politically connected still belong to country clubs and live live a pretty decent life there while other people are eating dogs and cats and things like that in that in that country and so and that's always been true of socialism no matter where it is the political elite live not live well the castra fiddle castra had you know he had five or six big mansions on the on the caribbean and as far as that goes joseph stallin was the wealthiest man in the world during his time not john d rockefeller he essentially claimed ownership to the whole soviet union rockefeller never owned that much property as far as that goes so of course socialism is the great unequalizer not the great equalizer and it looks like my time is about up and that's my story for now and i'm sticking to it and so and remember jeff deist is standing by the door and he won't let you out unless you buy a copy of this of this book


Hello everyone. Everyone have a good lunch. Good, bad, Mexican? No, okay. So yeah, as Jim said, my name is Jared Dillon. I am the chief architect with Quick Left and I'm a Rubyist. I've been a Rubyist for a long time and I do way too much work with AMQP. If you know what that is great, if not, we'll talk a little bit about it here in a second. So welcome to the Ruby Enterprise. We're going to talk a little bit about message systems and integrating applications in a service environment and we're going to talk a little bit about patterns that we can do in this environment, horizontal scaling, among other things. So if you didn't get it before, we have an enterprise system here. And you know, when we're talking about these systems, we're talking about really, really large systems. And these systems are not only large, but they're homogenous. We have a whole bunch of different things that are wrapped up inside here that are all individual parts. You know, we have app servers, we have web servers, we have all kinds of different things that, frankly, we really don't care about. You know, and imagine ourselves in this scenario, like many of us have been in, where we're building a Ruby app, be it Rails, Sinatra, whatever, to work with this enterprise system. And we work within this system, but we also work apart from this system. In that we can't integrate, so we do have to stand apart. Whether that's a language barrier, a political barrier, a cultural barrier, we really don't care. But we don't exist apart from that. And the application has to live outside with the boundaries of this enterprise. However, whatever that means for you. So the real reason this talk, and a huge purpose of it, is talking about how do we connect these two systems together? How do we, how do we move Rails and Ruby into an environment larger than itself, larger than these standalone applications that have been typical in the past? So a quick way to do that, in ways that have been talked about in the past, are APIs.  You know, that's not so bad. So we, we add another request. And some more requests. And we have a whole bunch of requests now. And so we're collecting and consuming information from this larger provider that we need to work with by contractor, whatever else we need to do. But now we also need to produce information. They need stuff from us. So we talk about going the other direction. We, we connect back. We build an endpoint. We build some more endpoints. And more endpoints. And you know, we have lots and lots of endpoints. All of a sudden we have a mess of 14 integration points here. You know, that are tightly coupled. If something breaks, then you know, a lot of your system can break. And these APIs are unreliable. And part of that comes to the fact that HTTP is a fairly unreliable protocol. And you may also have a public API. So this is, you know, a lot to maintain. It's difficult to scale. So you got to ask yourself, when you're starting to integrate, is there a better way? You know, we're looking at some tight coupling problems. You're building to a huge implementation. It's synchronous in nature. So all these requests that we make, let's step back, all these requests that we make block both sides of the application. Something in this homogenous mass or our, our application. These controller actions are going to be synchronous. So let's go back to the drawing board here. You know, how can we rethink this? What, what do we need to do in order to consider, okay, what's a better way? Or at least, what trade-offs can we make to come to a better decision about how to integrate these two applications? And so we start thinking about, okay, well, some of our problems were the tight coupling. Well, if we could put an interface in between to reduce the coupling, that would help that. We, uh, we have many interfaces to different places. And so we can reduce that to a single interface. We're synchronous. So we're blocking our threads in our application. So what if we could make that asynchronous and also get rid of that problem and allow our applications to consume things as they're needed instead of being force-fed every time someone needs to consume or produce something. So instead of this, this huge, huge mess we have, we can get down to something more like this. And for the purpose of today's talk, we're going to talk a little bit about a rabbid MQ. And rabbid MQ is a message queue that follows the MQP standard that was developed by JP Morgan Chase in 2005. And it was in response to problems like this where they had to integrate huge parts of their application together and do it without expensive proprietary solutions. So they developed an open source standard that really allows and makes us available to all of open source and it's battle-tested. It's in use at JP Morgan every day. So now we don't care about the enterprise. All of a sudden with this solution, we can focus on integrating with a middleman and not really care about what we're originally integrating with. So we don't really don't care about the enterprise setting work. We only need to talk and interact with the message queue both ways. So, you know, for those who aren't familiar with how a message queuing system works, we have a, we transmit messages through an exchange and think of that as some form of channel that's eventually delivered into the correct queue that is ready for the app to request and consume items as it needs to. And this doesn't tell the full side of the story because, you know, our app server isn't really just a single homogenous math itself. It's made up of a web server. It's made up of workers. And so in this asynchronous environment, we certainly need those workers and some of you may have done some of these worker systems before. So, we're happily consuming. We're requesting things out of the queue and we're processing them and failure is handled. You know, the queue, things are only popped out of the queue if the worker acknowledges it until you know you have some sort of failure handling built in. So I'm going to show you a very simple example of a worker. There we go. Very simple example of a worker. All we're really doing here, it runs in an event machine loop. I'm also a huge event machine fan, but it runs in a simple event machine loop and subscribes to our queue. And as soon as you get something, it processes it. I didn't want to do anything too complex because it's really not the point, but this is done with the Ruby A&Q PGM. And there's some synchronous examples if you're doing it in another environment like Carat or Bunny. They're all out there. And all these resources are available at the end of the talk as well. So, all this is really doing is we're subscribing to the transactions queue and then we're waiting for messages and we're doing things with them as soon as we get them. And we can scale this out horizontally. If you have more messages entering the queue, process more messages. You know, we have three workers. Maybe you need five. Maybe you need ten. You know, you're doing some huge processing at this point. But all of a sudden, you have changed the way you scale your application and you've moved out horizontally across processes instead of trying to do it in a more traditional fashion. And the reason we part of what's aided with this is, RabbitMQ automatically load balances. And so, you know, worker one will request and worker two is requesting, worker three is all subscribed. And all of the load balancing is handled for you. There's no locking. There's no, there's nothing to think about with that. It'll automatically send message one to worker one, message two, three, four, and it'll round, round through them in order to evenly distribute the work between all of them. So what does all this mean? You know, we've now talked about this system and how to set it up and, you know, kind of talked about some of the benefits here. Well, we can go from this.  But there are some tradeoffs with it, of course. You know, you now are talking about a single point of failure. If that goes down, you're not communicating between each other at all. But you can guard against that. You know, with RabbitMQ, there's the notion of persistent queues. And so, you can have your queues right to disk if necessary for critical things like transactions we're talking about. We can also do some sort of clustering and sharding, other things to protect against it. And we aren't in an asynchronous environment. So if the workers can't consume, it's not like there's active failures that are happening. You know, so, okay, so let's assume that we've gone with RabbitMQ. Problems are solved. Our application is running. It's growing. It's integrating to the system. It's coupled very loosely, but it's coupled. And for all intents and purposes, we've solved our challenge. So, we're beginning to see performance problems. You know, we don't really care about the enterprise.  Our application is doing a lot of growth as well. And we can say it's a railroad app by itself, but this doesn't necessarily tell the full story. We've talked about the web servers and the application servers. And we've talked a little bit about the workers that are inside there. But there's another piece. There we go. And we have a database server. And that's another constraint that we have upon our system that we have to think about. And as this system grows, you know, the constraints on that database server also begin to grow. And we have to think, okay, most of our rails out by itself is synchronous as well. So our controllers look something like this, trivial example, but we're creating a purchase and we save it, we redirect it. And so what we're saying here is we have to make a request out to our database server, save this object, and we can't continue until this is returned. Now, it may not matter in most environments, but if you're in an environment where milliseconds matter, it can. And so every transaction to the database can adversely affect the performance of your requests. So we have a direct interaction with the DB here. But we can pose a question. What if we applied the same model that we did in the enterprise to our intra-application communications? It would be interesting. All of a sudden moving from synchronous to asynchronous. And some of you may have done this in a certain way, but I propose a slightly more aggressive way. So we can apply this model here to facilitate intra-app communication. And we can solve performance problems in our own application and think about all of our controllers, everything we do to produce information or application asynchronously.  What if we created our object in memory, made sure it was valid, never touching the disk, and if so, throw it off somewhere? Let the web server do what it's great at and let something we designed more for this purpose to do that. And we eliminate most of the disk IO in doing this. And there's no database interaction at this point, allowing requests to happen very, very fast. So, what we're talking about again requires some sort of worker queue system. And we've already talked about a bit about RabbitMQ. That's not the only option in the sphere. So let's talk about a couple of others. And the first, we'll talk about delayed job. Who here has used delayed job? I'm really sorry. I have to. I know there's a lot of pain points with it. Who's experienced some pain with it in general? Okay, a couple. The more you do with it, the more painful it tends to become. You know, on the plus side, you don't have to set up anything new on your service. It's just, you know, that piece of infrastructure and it works. It's also very, very simple. You know, at the end of the method, you put handle asynchronously. You say, you know, my class or my object.delay.method, and it figures it out. That's great. But if you're talking about you're in an environment where we're already performance constrained, this is also going to affect the performance of your database. So maybe we don't want to do that. Another option we have, who's heard of queue classic? Cool. I'll be, this is awesome. So queue classic is an awesome library written by Ryan Smith of Heroku, and it takes advantage of the fact that Postgres has both a key value store as well as a public subscribe system. And if you're not using Postgres, I mean, it has many, many advanced features you should use, but we're only going to talk about these ones. So of course, because it takes advantage of these, it has to be run on Postgres, which is awesome. It also keeps your structure simple, and the queues themselves are very, very simple. The resource constraints of places on your database server are very minimal, but for the case of this, we're just going to say that it is constraining on the database. So maybe we don't want to use it, but it's definitely something to keep in mind over delayed job if you have to do this in the future. And just a quick look of how the public subscribe works in Postgres. This is not part of the SQL standard, but we can start to listen on channels. And then as soon as notifications go out, all of a sudden we're starting to receive broadcasts as you see in the third line. Very, very powerful stuff and allows a lot of things you can do just with Postgres itself. And it's extremely lightweight as you can see. So, all right, we go back to the drawing board now, and we have another option. Can anyone guess what that third option is? It's a fairly common library. Bam, rescue. So rescue sits on top of Redis. And for those who don't know what Redis is, rescue or Redis is a very fast, lightweight key value store with some set algebra function. Pretty cool stuff. It's fast. It's simple. You do have to add another piece to your application or to your infrastructure. So, you know, you may look at that and you may not want to set that up, but it's very easy to set up. And so rescue is a queue system that sits on top of this and interacts separately from your database server. So we actually don't have to touch our database unless we really have to. We don't have to do it for the process of checking the queue and interacting with the queue. So, you know, here's the quick example, given our prior controller action, you know, how we could possibly set this up. So we have an asynchronous create, which enqueues our object with what we wanted to do and some parameters. And that gets enqueued. And so now this transaction class will actually work it as soon as we start doing a rescue work on that queue, on the purchases queue. And so we can actually do this later instead of at the time, which I don't know about you guys, but when I'm creating, when I'm producing things, I entirely need that object out from the database right then. I already have it in memory. So, now our async controller makes sense. You know, we pass out, we can run through this entirely in memory by just checking if it's valid and let this piece handle a lot later. It's kind of awesome. It gives a lot of added power, a lot of added functionality and making our applications very fast and scaling in a very cheap way. And again, like in the prior model, we can go from, you know, something like this to a much larger model like this. And the big thing is, is we've added a little bit of complexity to our application, right, because we're now no longer thinking in a very synchronous way. Nothing's direct anymore. Everything's indirect. And so that can have implications on your code in that you have to have a little bit more of it. You have to handle consuming this information because your web server is not going to do it. Your web server is responding to requests. And that's important to think about. Now we have, in this case, six queues running or six workers running, all handling different queues across different systems. And so we've gone from just having the blue enterprise and the red Rails app to something much, much, much more complicated. You know, whether you take that trade-off, engineering, of course, is always trade-offs guided by, like, very conscious decisions. And in this case, it may be much, much more appropriate. And in other cases, it may not be. So it's really up to you to decide. But when milliseconds matter, you can go asynchronous and stick with the worker pattern and move up horizontally. So thanks, everyone. I tossed out these slides a couple of days ago and redid them. So any feedback, please give me feedback. But here's all the resources available for this talk. If you're curious about any of the topics here, there's a RabbitMQ, we have some, the RubyMQP library is awesome. The most important link, I think, is check out the queue classic and how HStore and the PubSub works. So thank you very much. Brighter Planet is a cloud-based computation platform. So we provide an API for developers to build complex scientific calculations into their applications pretty easily. One big client we have is MasterCard International, and they have a partnership with us where users of corporate cards who charge things like flights and hotel rooms onto their corporate card, all those pieces of data go into a big database and we go in and, using all those details, calculate the environmental impact of all those different activities and put that information back in the database. So the users of these corporate cards can use that information for making energy efficiency adjustments and corporate reporting.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to a new Zor education. Continuing our linear function theme, we have discussed the major principles, the definition, the main, etc. We have discussed the graphs, and there is one very important property of linear function, which I would like to talk right now. This is proportionality. Now, what actually I mean in this particular case? Proportionality is a concept very much embedded in the linear function in a way that as you are proportionally increasing arguments, the function also proportionally increasing its values. Let me be a little bit more precise. And I think graph actually might help in this particular case. So if you have a straight line which represents the graph, and I will take three points a, b and c with values p, p, u and r, and the function is ax plus b, where a is not equal to zero. Now, what I mean is that these are increments of argument. These are increments of the functions, the function value. So my point is that the ratio of increment is exactly the same, arguments or the value of the function. What I would like actually to prove more precisely is that the relative increment of the value of the function in two different points. So this relative to this should actually be the same as relative increment of the argument. The geometrical standpoint, it basically means that these two triangles are similar. Since they are similar, then this catheters relates to this as this to this. So the similarity from the geometrical standpoint means this algebraically. And obviously it's all related to the fact that this is a straight line, obviously nothing connected with hope in general. So for any linear function, this is actually true. Now, how can I prove it? Quite frankly, it's very easy. Let's just think about what r, p, q and r relative in this term considering a, b and c are arguments, and we will very easily come with this particular ecology.  Well, obviously if I will open these parentheses, now b would be here as a plus, here would be the minus, and I will have a, c minus a, b, or a, c minus b. Now, in the denominator, I will have a similar picture that would be minus a, a minus b, so b will be reduced, so it will be a, b minus a, a, so it's a, b minus a. Since a is not equal to zero, I can reduce by a, and it's c minus b divided by b minus a. So this is an algebraic expression of similarity of these triangles from the geometrical standpoint. In any case, it signifies the proportionality of the increments of the function to the increments of the argument, that's very important. And obviously this proportionality depends, obviously on this factor a, and the fact that the whole thing is linear. That's why we can reduce all these formulas and improve this proportionality. Now, this is kind of an obvious property of linear function, but why did I, why did I ever talk about this trivial stuff? Well, there is a very important reason to this and very practical one. This is a characteristic property of the linear dependency between argument and the function. So if I have certain statistical results of some experiment where on the input to some system I give one particular parameter and derive with the value of another parameter on the output of this system, then I'm changing my input parameter. My output parameter is also changing. I can check if dependency between input parameter and output parameter is linear or is not linear based on whether this particular property is observed or not observed. And I would like actually to go to a specific example, physical example if you wish, doesn't really matter which one in this case it's physical, which would illustrate how people in science or wherever else can actually make a judgment about dependency between certain parameters, whether it's linear or not linear. All right, here is exactly what I mean. Now, let's assume you have some kind of a rigid reservoir filled with air. Now, here you have some kind of source of heat. This is supposed to represent the flames. All right, so let's consider this is some kind of a pressure cooker and this is your source of heat. Whatever, doesn't really matter. So what's important is it's rigid, which means it really has certain shape which does not change. Now, and it's completely airtight. Now, as you increase the temperature from the physical standpoint, you understand that the pressure inside would grow. Why? Because the molecules are moving much faster and that's what actually means that the pressure is growing. So people were definitely interested in how dependent the temperature of this particular container related to the pressure. So let's consider somewhere you have an instrument which measures the pressure. Here you have a thermometer which measures the temperature and here are the results. So you have a temperature and you have a pressure. Okay, in my case, I check the pressure for these four temperatures and the pressure in some units is 200, 300, 400 and 1200. So let's just completely disregard what kind of units of measurements, whether it's Celsius or Fahrenheit or Kelvin doesn't really matter. We're dealing with plain numbers. In some unit of measurements, these are temperature and these are pressure. Now, my question is, is pressure linearly dependent on the temperature? Well, let's remember that we have that property of proportionality between, if it's linear dependency, then it should be proportionality between the pressure and the temperature. So let's just check this proportionality. The change between 50 and 60 is 10 units and change between 200 and 300 is 100 units. So the ratio is 10. Now, this change between 60 and 70 is also 10 units. Between 300 and 400 is also 100. So again, ratio is between the increment of the function relative to the increment of the argument is also 100. And then the third ratio from 70 to 80 is also 10 from 400 to 500 again 100. So you have 10 again. So it looks like there is a proportionality between change of the argument and change of the function. So there is a strong indication, at least based on these four measurements, that the dependency is linear. Now, dependency is linear and this ratio actually is the slope. So if I'm looking for y is equal to a times x plus b, a is 10. That's the slope because change of the argument results in the change of the function 10 times. So the only thing which I don't have is b, right? How can we establish it? Very simply, let's just substitute x and y, let's say 50 and 200. So I will have y, well, which is 200. 200 is equal to a, which is 10, times 50 plus b. So this is 500, so b is equal to minus 300. Now, what if I will substitute these two or these two? Well, obviously I must receive exactly the same result, otherwise I did something wrong. But let's just check. For instance, I put 60 and 300. So 300 is equal to 10 times 60 plus b. Now, what is b in this case? This is 600, this is 300, so it's minus 300. The same 300 as here. Well, 70 would be, what, 400 is equal to 10 times 70 plus b, 700 minus 400, again minus 300. The same thing over there. So obviously everything is held. So my equation is minus 300. So my equation is y is equal to 10x minus 300. That's the result of my analysis. Based on all information which I have, and I have only four measurements, I can actually derive the equation which connects these in this way. But the first and most important was I checked the proportionality to make a decision whether there is a linear dependency or there is not. So now, let me make another example and then we will decide whether there is a proportionality there or not. Okay, here's an example. Let's assume I have the same table where I measure my pressure at this temperature. But instead of a rigid container, as I used before, I will use a balloon. Now, balloon is expanding as the pressure is rising, which means pressure will rise a little bit less than in case of a rigid container. So as the temperature rises, the rigid container is preserving the volume and the molecules are moving faster and that's increasing the value. The rubber balloon is expanding so the molecules have more room to grow, so the volume also is changing. And obviously the pressure depends on the volume as well. If the volume grows, pressure usually is going down. So increase in the pressure should be not exactly the same as in case of a rigid container. Now, I suggested to use the following measurements. 150, 200, 260, and 330. I promised the pressure grows not as much as in the rigid container case. Now, let's check exactly the same thing. Do we have a proportionality or not? Now, 60 minus 50 is 10. That's the change of the argument. Now, the change of this is 50 from 150 to 200. So the ratio is 5. Next, from 60 to 70 also have temperature raising by 10. But here I have by 60. So my ratio is 6, 60 to 10. Next, from 70 to 80 again, my temperature is changing by 10. My pressure is increasing by 70 from 260 to 330. So ratio of the change of the function to the change of the argument is 7. So as you see, here we have different ratio. Now, that alone, I mean, considering the numbers are pretty different. It's not like 5.001 and 5.002. They are very, very close and can be explained as some kind of errors. But this is not an error. These are really dramatically different numbers, which proves that in this particular case, there is no linear dependency between the rising temperature and rising the pressure. And the reason for this is physical, obviously, because the balloon is expanding, so volume is changing, and volume is just yet another very important factor in changing the pressure. So, well, basically, that's it. That's all I wanted to talk today about. And what's important is to understand that the characteristic properties of the linear function can actually be used in practical life, and they are actually used to get to some kind of maybe physical or whatever the practical implementation is, dependency between arguments and the functions. By the way, in this particular case, what's important is there is a real physical law which is kind of in the foundation of whatever I was just talking about. So, if you have all three variables changing the pressure, the temperature, and the volume, there is a law that this is constant. So, if V is constant, then P is proportional to T, because if P over T is a constant, then that's basically what it means, that the P is a linear function of T. But if V is involved as well, that actually changes this direct dependency and it actually introduces this new factor, the volume from which pressure depends upon it. But this is all physics, so it doesn't really matter. What's important is the characteristic properties of the linear function are very helpful to determine physical dependencies between certain things, between certain physical parameters. All right, so that's it for this particular lecture. Thank you very much. Next, probably I will talk about quadratic functions, I hope.


Hello, and welcome to scp containment breach. I was going to do this video last Thursday, but the Copyright trademark situation came up. So this is a little out of schedule But it felt like a good day to catch up on our containment breach because it's you know Thanksgiving and I'd like to do a little bit less editing today So let's get started. I think we're just gonna load into where we were last time. I don't see why not Except for the fact that we were having trouble with these stupid Monster oh crap, and I'm being chased by the old man at this point I think we may have to restart and depends on how pincered I am So I think I'm between the old man and these weird guys and again, I could always just cheat and clip my way around them We'll see Ain't above cheating to get myself along in this game It puts you in impossible situations But it's best to try as much as you can without doing that Oh boy Come on It's a pair of bloodlines used in photography though. I mean it will both have interrupted through any matter otherwise casting no shadow Also, it seems like you guys really like the SCP-096 video. I am fairly certain that in two weeks time I'm gonna do you're still wrong about SCP-096 where I cover the old What if you went into space and looked at a picture of SCP-096 I Think that would be an interesting little video to do because there's some I don't know. He is right here Yeah, we'll fix that Yeah, so this is nothing I can do I either get killed by him or I get What is the button for The button for the console it's not tab I'll find it options Controls I think I'm here Show had open console on air enable console. There we go You can use in game by pressing f3. Well, I guess Unfortunately, I'll just do it that way I Keep it one hit the tilde button Show yourself.  It's me Nino Probably get it end up quick saving myself into that's the other reason why the cheat codes are somewhat useful Show yourself He's on the other side. I feel like yeah, that's storage area. We need to get that open Who the hell is that? It's me you don't know me You don't know me. I wonder if that works on that door. It's easy, isn't it? It's super difficult to see Oh, well the monster went that way which means he's coming around this way Which means maybe I shouldn't go there. I will tell you you can't see it But I did jump slightly at that so I did get a jump. Yeah, I do get jump scares. Those still happen Do you know that way or that way? Probably went this way. There's the night vision goggles we needed Yeah, I think I think it maybe it's just click.  Yes, you can wait am I still are Can I pull down the elevator shaft?  So there is an elevator here. It comes down this part of the hall, but I could be wrong I'm gonna turn 106 back on in just a second Stupid pops on stuck on my head, and I'm struggling mightily not to sing it honestly As much fun as SCP 106 is and he has a lot of fun. Don't get me wrong It kind of I feel like he is a problem for how often and quickly he shows up Because he basically can ruin runs immediately like if you're careful you can avoid 173 You'll never ever be able to fully avoid once of six. In fact, only is that true, but you actually need to run into 106 in order to finish the game because his pocket dimension has a note with a Password on it that you have to With a note on it with a password you need in order to advance through the game I don't know if you need it to like actually advance come to think of it, but you do need it in order to How did you get into there? I guess it doesn't matter Gas mask Should we put that in the navigator? Sure, and yeah, it's just another gas mask. We don't need we don't really need to He's all like don't get you of course Let's probably gonna end up having here that doors gonna end up getting opened accidentally So there's nothing in here except for the skull and we're not gonna bother interacting with that How we got in there, I don't know how he's gonna get out.  I'm probably not gonna need it as much that come out or in here Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, it's okay All right, so we came through here is this the original path I took yes Show we need to figure out how not to go into a big old fucking circle again That was the sound of the generator coming on There's no benefit to going into that skull room. So well, that was bad timing Well, you know what whatever Okay, we did save it right here. Good. I'm trying to resist the one that goes to So this is the room where he showed up randomly. I would have thought that you could go through it. All right Making absolutely no progress whatsoever That noise Wait now, it's I've been waiting all day For you to call me, baby Let's get up. Let's get on it Jolene broken hearted tonight Come on, baby Anything you want to Let's get up. Let's get on it. Don't you leave me broken hearted tonight? This is more No, that's the decontamination, which means I am this is more than the typical thing Felt a jolt in your bones when you were touching me Oh Didn't want to take it slow Well, that's terrifying. I mean, I guess it would be for other people. Anyway, it's just a bear Feel like I'm in a new place at least. Oh, it's the lights.  I'm pretty sure it does. I just don't know how Doesn't matter can't get in. This is more than the typical kind of thing Felt a jolt in my bones when you Was in here touching me I didn't want to take it slow Does this need three? I think it probably needs three find out I can't even get out. I think there's yeah, there's some stuff. I've got to do first Because I've been waiting all day you baby. I'm just wandering around Let's get on it. Don't you leave me broken hearted tonight?  Let's get on it. Don't you in this whole time. I'd be running away from 106 if he was still alive. I Do not do you know, this is the problem of games like this.  I Get lost pretty easily anyway, and these kinds of games Says I see on the other half of this.  Seems to indicate So I've been not gone this way. I thought I had so this is no What is that noise?  So You know what? Who cares? It's gonna scare me. Maybe he's maybe he's in here We'll see if there's a key in here or not a walkie-talkie And I played secret laboratory a couple of times and I recall there being a gun in this room Which was an interesting choice Hey, where are you? I feel like if you look long enough at those screens, you can actually get killed Wait, didn't we put batteries and everything? Oh It's because I died. That's not a first aid kit like I was hoping I Really wish I had a clipboard, but I can drop these pieces of paper eventually if I can't find one Not that it matters. You don't really need any of these things. I let the yeah You can jump into that and go through To the pocket Did I come this way? That's what the map's for you have up. Okay. Have a goddamn map use it Big hole in the ground here. How did we do that? How did we do I?   I think you'd need a level 3, but we'll find out. Oh We can All right, there was a time There was a time where oh and there's a first aid kit here, which is useful, but no clipboard It doesn't look like It looks like I'm gonna start giving up documents then picked it up after dropping it after L's note I don't know why I'm bothering. I'm the only one alive anymore. I think or maybe any just Yeah, I feel All right. Well, there's some stuff we can definitely do here We can drop ourselves in here if we wanted to People more than one item in I don't know. Let's not risk it. I mean you do have a save game Well, what that does? No, there you go. Wow, that was more than out of the corner of the eye That was right in front of me. So this exists and it tells me where the SCPs are Don't know if the night vision can be improved, but I know that the gas mask can be so let's do that That's just oh that's a test log Which is completely You can breathe easier any gas mask which is you know silly but It's useful. All right, so we've improved everything except for Let's try the night vision goggles. Oh, I think you can improve the night vision goggles actually I Don't care go away Now there was a time you could use this thing to improve Access cards I am fairly To moderately certain that you cannot do that anymore But we're gonna find out because I have an expert card just in case Good that I found this after having all the other. Oh, wow, that is actually super useful. It's exactly where he is that's Can you put both of these on at the same time? No That would be Probably overpowered. All right last thing Now you know what there's this test log that I cannot read. It looks like it was I have a weird idea that may or may not work out because look here's the thing if It's found in this room. So maybe You can improve it. It's unlikely, but we'll find out. I wonder can you improve a first aid kit? That seems like that would be all right. Never mind Save it. You know what? Let's get rid of all these paperwork None of it's really all that useful If we had I would keep it if I had the But I don't so I don't know. Let's see if this improves on very fine. Probably not Who knows? Something better. I Think I'm out of broke it. Yeah, we've still got a level 2 keycard. I'm gonna save the game anyway just in case So I think you can improve it but I mean I used that This is usually how I used to do it. You would just put it in here and you could get maybe up to a level 3 Let's find out what we got. No, we got it Apparently a credit card is better. We will find out what happens if you put the credit card in we can get a better card Anyway, maybe it's just a matter of chance I'm very I'm like very singly lately. No, it's a little too. Let's try it again a few times I think level 2 might be the cap on us We'll give this a try see if anything comes out of it, and if not we will move on I think I probably Have spent enough time in here What is that? Okay, well, I didn't go well other than make everything blurry. Okay feel nausea. What did it do though? Is the permanent effect? Is it just forever that I'm blurry for no one? Because this is not good for my viewers game. I'm just saying Figure out what's going on here. Am I just forever like this? I'm not playing the game like this It may be temporary. We'll find out later Can't can't play the game like that. Yeah, it's just not possible. Let's put the strange bottle in again And see what happens Sometimes you can get something even better out of it Probably not. It's really just gonna be the same thing. It's the same strange bottle with a I Mean that's a symbol on the side does not look good. It seems to be like Biohazardy Now we're going to see if we can figure this out. Yeah Now I know you put yourself through here. I think very fine Causes problems, but let's see what fine This is not going to go well, and of course and Ruff will kill you, but what's fine Okay, so I'm pretty sure you have a heart attack with this, right? I know very I think very fine might kill you even faster Your body runs better, but then you just fall down and have a heart attack, right? Let's test everything out. Who cares? It's been a really long time since I played this game So who knows what has about to happen? This is the bad part.  Why am I not dead in the machine? There we go Found in data redacted jumpsuit was found to be filled with the blue ash likes it mostly contains no inclusive Why would it be related to 911 unless I guess they've done the test before all right, so that's what fine does Very fine course and rough kill you one-to-one. I believe switches the control scheme.  Let's do some testing It's exactly the same thing as an yeah, it is exactly the same thing all right So now that we have gone through here and done all this stuff That's a Map is like we need to go this way we could frankly probably could probably make it through The under brush this I'm just starting to run apparently all the time now What happened to saving it for when you need it? Well, the problem is that since 106 is alive and very rarely you need it anymore I think we should go back downstairs One which be careful 173s around here somewhere might even be around that corner It actually might be that way What's down this whole Elevator no later at the other end of this. I feel like yeah, we came here before this door not work or Oh, it just takes you here. Okay. They'll fiduciary difficulties need to go Somewhere else. I feel like this has got to be it I'm going to the pocket dimension Because we went in voluntarily we are injured. So that's a positive take a direction and go There's a note on supposed to be on the ground. Yep. There it is There it is George Maynard. All right, let's go down this hole. I Mean on the best possible scenario Oh Killed us or not. It did kill us. Let's try that again I mean the best possible scenario is it pops us out Somewhere else in the facility It's like, you know what I can't figure out what to do. So we are just gonna Roll the dice Can't run in here. Okay, that happened I'm just gonna get knocked off here is what's gonna happen Not maybe. Yeah right at the end Okay Did it change anything? We've escaped This is all a trick, isn't it? We escaped. How do I still have a limp when the dice worked or it didn't work? I don't know So I don't have the security clearance to get through these doors But I have to hope that I find a door or find a key in my travels and also hope that I find a Additional uh, what's it call it? First aid kit so I can heal up my wounds Okay, so the cowbell door I hope this opens. All right, definitely don't ding dong the what to call it But we can go through this hole in the wall on the other side of the light containment, right? I gotta hope I find a level three or level four keycard in this area Because if I don't Just as trapped here as I was trapped in the other place I thought I heard him in there. We don't want to What are we doing?  I thought I bet you can't get in here with a current keycard Oh, it doesn't even open.  I have no idea any get me from over here and probably somehow not That works for me. Come on. Where's the door? Come on, where's the door? All right, so it just sits here in the way Fair enough It's probably gonna try and make me put it on again. This one probably requires a little four keycard too Well, we didn't solve any problems at all but Well, I mean we did put scp 008 under back under containment. I think yeah, I think this door is new That's definitely new. I thought that was the old man No, that's just steam Pipe trump distribution venue going all nuts.  Okay. That's just a d-class over there Come on. You want to not Not with the ominous music friends really sure What's going on there? But Oh, is that the keycard I need? Okay, what can I drop? Well first of all, um, I don't want I wanted to pick up the battery last Okay, we have a level three keycard which is strongly positive This will solve my limping problem That battery we are definitely gonna need that Not good things So, okay, we finally picked up a level three keycard There was stuff behind me that I needed a level three keycard to get into but DNA does not match known sample access denied Don't know what's down here gonna find out I guess Taking the chamber four Is that something just try to kill me? That's where to Christ.    No, that's the egg. That's This is the entrance zone because it's funny because in order to get out you You need higher levels of clearance, which I've still yet to make much sense of What's that you need to get out?  This is I believe close to the area where once uh Oh, yeah, I want to do that. Let's do that We're 106 or 096 not 106.  Oh wow. Can't even get in there. All right Remember if they do damage to you or not, but I guess we can find out I guess the answer is yes Oh, there's just more than one Fantastic You know, you got to go down to 049, right? I don't know what I'm talking to you. I know I've got to go down to 049 Talking to my characters like you can't skip that part.  I recall him being in here, but there don't appear to be those monster things All right. Well, let's go see probably I think scp 049 is down here somewhere is too, right? No, but scp 173 is definitely out here 966 what is 966? I guess we get to find out pretty soon 966-3 966-4 All right monsters. What are you? Oh, it's just more of these things Which are creepy don't get me wrong, but I feel like Not super dangerous or at least yeah, we're gonna they're gonna kill me. They're gonna just turn on me at some point Maintenance tunnels probably gonna bring me up somewhere else That's the way you went down Doesn't Give me anything We're gonna get it. We're gonna get it. We're gonna get it. We're gonna get it.  That is not a good sign They decided to attack me now Yes, he does not like being looked at that's for damn sure. All right. Well Pretty sure this is a dead end No, let's just go around. Okay. Good. Can't run. Can you? There's 40 shillings on the drum For those who volunteered come To list and fight the foe today Over the hills and far away Over the hills and over the main through Flanders, Portugal and Spain King George commands and we obey Over the hills and far away Pipes with the judicious use of save games.  I don't know why you thought there'd be something useful in his cell. He's down here somewhere But I appear to have Mostly avoided him I don't know It doesn't even appear to be down here Well, this is what we would like to call in the business of very bad thing I'm just gonna go ahead and not do any of this stuff. Yeah I kind of need to go up that elevator that he came down though Figure out a way to get around him Greetings How you doing bulgin? That did not work. I mean we got our level four key card Maybe we might have fucked ourselves by going this way No, thank you. I'll just uh be on my way Oh Really?  Thank you very much for watching. I'll see you in the next video. Peace


Hello everyone, this is Amit Dan of amitdan.com. Today, I will have another episode of points, tips and tricks video and I'll talk about how to receive 5 to 7.5 points per dollar spent on Amazon Prime deals. On this channel, I do non-affiliated unbiased and honest reviews and videos and all my videos are non-affiliated. There are no links and I do not take money from anyone. For this year, 2019, Prime deal or Prime day already started which are July 15th and 16th. So as you can see right here that there are about 39 more hours to go. There are lots of deals and everything and you know, you'll hear RC articles about the deals and all the great discounts and everything but what no one will tell you is that the Prime deal also offers a great opportunity to earn lots of miles and the Tips I'm going to give you today is actually only Canada specific. However, if you're watching this from another country just in a search for your own country and you might be able to find similar type of miles or points deals in your country. So the one I'm going to talk about today is specifically about airplane and I'll tell you how to earn five to seven point five airplane miles per each dollar spent on Amazon Prime day. The first tip is how to earn five airplane miles straight for each dollar spent on Amazon Prime. So this is in addition to the points or yours earning by your credit cards. All you have to do you have to just go to airplane e-store, which is www.airplane dot com slash e-store and then instead of do not go to your Amazon dot ca or Amazon app on your phone or on your tablet directly. So you have to purchase through this website airplane dot com slash e-store and then you have to log in which is right here and you can see that they have a promotion going on for the Amazon Prime day is that you're going to get five times airplane miles per dollar spent if you are an airplane collector and if you're not probably you wouldn't be watching this video. So if you're an airplane collector, so just you know log on to your airplane e-store and purchase through this store on going to Amazon Prime via this link and then you will be earning five airplane miles in addition to your credit cards on yours. So that's five airplane miles per dollar spent right there and this is only up to this is only for Amazon Prime day and this is going to expire soon. So just instead of going through cell phone or regular Amazon website, just go to Amazon via this link and then you'll be earning five points per dollar. So that was the first tip. The second way to earn another additional 2.5 airplane miles per dollar spent is to use the American Express Cobalt credit card. So the American Express Cobalt credit card is running a promotion for the Amazon Prime day. If you register to use American Express Cobalt card, then you'll be earning five points per dollar spent on each dollar on Amazon website up to five hundred dollars and in order to get these points you have to register first by going to American Express or if you have this email then you can do it via email and then you'll be earning five cobalt points which translates into 2.5 airplane for five cobalt points or each dollar spent because you know when you do the conversion from cobalt to Marriott and then Marriott to airplane with the bonus points it comes out that for each dollar spent you get 2.5 airplane points after the conversion which includes the bonus. So there's another 2.5 airplane miles right there. Now if you do not have American Express Cobalt card then you're not going to be able to get this promotional offer, but for the airplane Easter which I just mentioned anyone can get that. So definitely you should get that one, but let's see if you have both American Express Cobalt and airplane then what it means that per dollar spent you're getting five cobalt points and five airplane miles and after converting the cobalt to airplane you're going to come up with the 7.5 miles per dollar spent on Amazon Prime Day deals. So this is an exceptional return. You're not going to get this type of return anywhere ever. So I would say that you know if you have anything to buy for Prime or if you are spending some money on Prime Deal then definitely you know grab this opportunity and then earn as many airplane miles possible this way. So this is the tip I wanted to give you. The time is running out so you should start grabbing this opportunity right now and then I'll have more points and miles videos in the future. So thank you for watching and forget about subscribing this channel. Forget about liking this video. I'll see you shortly.


What's happening? It's Friday. We're heading to New Zealand today. Can't wait. Yesterday I didn't get an opportunity to go and work out with my mate Dylan so I'm actually going there on the way to the airport this morning. It's about five minutes from the airport, anytime for a mile end here in Adelaide so that's pretty cool but you know every time I come down here in Adelaide I stay up in the north and it's like once you sort of hit a wall and then you get outside of the city and you hit country town and I just love it.  It's a complete different landscape to Alice Springs but it's just beautiful so I really enjoy coming out here and it's been no different this time so it's about 10 o'clock in the morning I've got to be at the airport at about 12.15 so all my bags are packed it's going to take about 40 minutes to get to the gym I'm going to have about an hour of workout and talk to Dylan for a little bit and then head to the airport so yeah that's it guys making gates baby. Day I have no idea. All right guys I think we're nearly here. Exit the roundabout onto East Street. Can't remember if I mentioned this before. In 200 meters turn left onto Henley Beach Road. Okay can't remember if I mentioned this before but uh Dylan is now the manager of this any time fitness and turn left onto Henley Beach Road then your destination will be on the left.  Sweet let's go surprise them. What is happening we're here at the airport.