Well, welcome back. It's the breakfast on plus TV Africa and it's time to take a look at some major headlines and some national dailies and we begin with the punch newspaper. The punch newspaper leads with CCB tells to noble others to submit forms before May 29 and two riders accompany that headline read asset declaration ongoing in 36 states no swearing in without form submission the CCB says and then you have very says the fault is risk removal from office 40 OGO politicians obtained forms that's an asset declaration there the major headline on the punch newspaper subsidy removal Nigerians may spend 8 trillion narrow on petrol in six months details of that you find on page nine of the punch newspaper protests as Northwest backs a preview for Senate presidency details of that on page seven of the punch and my ordeal with aggressive breast cancer that's designing Alice and Madiki details of that ordeal of hers you read on page 12 and then going down you have that story we told you about the tanker a few leading tanker crushes grounds legals Ibad or express traffic or that's it on the punch newspaper okay we're moving to the next paper which is the Guardian the Guardian is leading with businesses opt for unconventional debts as interest rate nears 35% interest rates yet 35% that is on the Guardian at the leading headline there on the Guardian we also have another one this one reads federal governments air leaves 888 Nigerians from Egypt plans more evacuation there is also the story of passengers what am I getting into okay there is fight flight disruptions in a buja as Max air loses landing wheel you find that on page two of the Guardian and diesel tanker accident wassons gridlock on Lagos Ibadon expressway okay we've taken that also before Sudan crisis we slept on the floors as bullets killed people on bed that's our people who survived it and about right now telling their story and then we also have these ocean public education infrastructure in da straits that is also on the Guardian and the detent national assembly revolts looms in APC members kick against in position of candidates those were very important headlines on the Guardian there reaching you all right well from the Guardian we move over to the Daily Trust newspaper and the Daily Trust newspaper leads with aspirants move against you know booze anointed candidate you have riders there what attracted me to president elect a bus we were not consulted wassons camp endorsement male speculation Gaji but terror declares today and well that's the rider you have napdak raises alarm over importation of banned pesticides from UK details of that is on page 30 man beats son to death for stealing one Moodoo of millet details of that page 20 learn from Sudan experience NS CIA tells Nigerians that's on page seven right on top of the Daily Trust you have tribunal begins hearing article will be three other petitions today details of that can be found on page 12 of the Daily Trust mixed feelings in Karno over Kwan Kwan so statement on Sanus's dethronement details of that on page 3 77 trillion narrow debt fuel subsidy three other issues to noble will inherit from Bahrain we have details of that on page 22 of the Daily Trust newspaper okay the daily independent is next and we have some very interesting stories there as well 22.7 trillion ways and means loans securitization seen as mixed back daily independent 144 passengers cheat death as max air flight crash lands in Abuja and CAA and SIB deploy officials that's also on the daily independence you can read that up Seraph Seuss federal government over failure to recover double pay from ex governors that's on page 7 or Simba Joe flux of Imose Oguta or Rashi River dredging on Thursday the story it's on page 6 of the Daily Independence at last Puhari inaugurates dangote refinery on May 22 that's also on page 6 and another story on page 6 is villagers panic as Zanfar bandits relocate to Katsina the same page we have area where consultative forum kicks against a pub you a Senate president all those stories can be found on daily independence there are other stories on top of that you will find a story about NLC disruption of aviation activities illegal that is according to FAA NMD Babalakin agency six federal government protection against mob action and the final story there is a presidential election PDP raises the alarm over alleged plot by APC to influence tribunal those were the headlines from the daily independent okay and from the daily independent will go to nature news cop 28 countries split over fossil fuels and carbon capture that's the leading headline on nature news on top of that you have dangote refinery set to be inaugurated May 22 and going down you have nikemsat interview details of that interview you'll find on page 19 of nature news FG Commission Zibardo gemstone market hmm page 11 and people wildlife and unusual integration in Nigeria page 14 of that newspaper will give you details of that yeah there you have climate activists King Charles the third is crowned in the UK yes he is known for being an activist climate activists you have his picture there picture of King Charles the third on nature news celebrating one of their own yeah all right well that's the much you can take on the headlines but that's not all we're going to take from the newspapers because we have our guest open up or in court area who is public affairs analysts joining us to dissect some of these newspapers good morning to you open up or good morning to have you join us today we're hoping that you're going to have a wonderful week it's a prayer that we're praying for you okay well let's list with the headlines of the punch needs to be about asset declaration ccv tells to know about us to submit forms before may 29 let's talk about that open our complex all those kind of thoughts thinking that they want to stick with you but I touched more to do it complex is this somebody in Nigeria who has traveled for the first time in life has about it once a third this is in the first few years that is why we lost that African and you see somebody say I gotta go and most time we don't have a lot to go to the slums because if you listen to American when you talk about and we go to the slums we are most of them but they speak this agar agar it's like some of the people in Nigeria and to them they have arrived and that is why most of them lost their values like I've already said and that's a lot of this thing you are giving them back because there is so much awareness you see a man who has a good report I've called the mass for me which one would you call the mess for me this I've got to do with the application I don't want to do it whether you have it easy or not that's what affects your reason it has to do with your upbringing and you are really mostly also lying because I have a friend who is the F4 down on the floor who is the F4 what was he the F4 that I said to him my dear there are certain places you go to mistakes and if you use the F4 to work here because as far as they are concerned the downtrodden are the ones that use that they went to an office in the U.S. and I think suddenly I would say ah damn F4 where the F4 and they told me to walk out of there they were sitting here as soon as they called me over the door to say it's not your right I say that I think I say that I think it has to do with coming let's go back to why yeah but just to add to that a little bit of punabo because I cannot let that go yeah those are gonna go that one is trash but you see when it comes to British English here in Nigeria that's what we use and from primary school to secondary school there is what they call phonetics and phonology that's been taught to people and in the course of that you're taught to speak the language almost as close if not as the native speakers themselves just as French when you're being taught French you're taught to speak it as the native speakers so those who do that it's not that they're trying to sound fake it's what they've been taught phonetics and phonology is working I understand they never told you fact I'm not talking about those who are they never told you next it is not never told you next I believe that they cannot say for the other reason you know what I mean that is their belief so it is fake they don't like mess it is not it's just a mentality not that they are not and apart from that how many teachers know these things how many teachers know these things I tell you where I see my book it in court said in court in the university you know this is awesome that's a senior advocate so you understand what I mean you see that he was not thought but he just felt strongly that they didn't attend the classes you know and andrians schools you can once you are a politician you are bound to have a first class you are bound to have a first class you are going to run from first degree to PhD between six years or seven years they don't even go to class all of our national leaders can't even decide the national answer they told that they tested even the ministers they told they decide the national answer they put that but in the country they are more important than you these things happen because of the environment which we find out so you can stay at home and have your PhD these days all you need to do is have the money and you have a PhD you find out that most people who could not even have to go to university once they get into the house especially when there is little in actually you have a PhD tell them to speak or defend that degree you win well let's go on with this you are right there is the abuse of the words and there are those who are just being funny but there are those who are actually speaking trying to speak well because that's what they do I tell my students when I teach nobody is perfect at all certain level is expected of you yes yes nobody is perfect nobody not even the British man is perfect that's the truth let's just go back to the headlines yes we need to get back to the headlines this asset declaration thing CCB tells to Nubu others to submit forms before May 29 it's a local requirement we don't allow the notice they got the form and it's also criminal if you don't you can go to jail for it now what is the whole essence the whole essence I don't even know the theory because I don't have things in that man and suddenly in Nigeria we have a situation where once you're in office with the clinical space it's even going to have what you call immunity you can't even see because that will not stop the swearing in no declaration no swearing in they said that as well no that's that it's not going to stop the swearing in or else what haven't said that who's going to stop me who's going to stop you take it because the matter will drag on I mean when it's out of office when 80 is going to turn 80 or if you're worried I will say no you can't just warn him nobody will stop him that's face fans but it's a little requirement what might happen if you have a man of rectitude as the CCB chairman and CCB chairman the one preference CCB chairman himself is not a man of rectitude you only know what's happened how you assaulted somebody I don't know why that man is still there we have to have been kicked out of that to be disgraced in Nigeria because the video went viral now what we do is what is going to happen is if you have a man of rectitude it's tickler for the rules and law when it's out of office it can be sued because you ought to do this before it's a prerequisite you have to do this before it's coming now for 80 years you failed to do it and you have somebody who is tickler for the rules and who has a gumption so you're not afraid of your statutes definitely you can be sued you can get disappeared and will be jailed now what is the whole essence the whole essence is for for quite corruption now if for example you had five houses and by the time you're leaving office you have twenty houses then it will raise questions how do you do your man because while in office you cannot do your doing business while in office you're addicted from doing business or from doing anything extra efficient you cannot get involved in anything you don't take it back you are not even supposed to receive this if you remember the issue of corruption in the Midwest it was a couple of things and the goal was to do something to do now the whole essence is to prove that while in office you are not even supposed to receive a viral pen but many of them say good not at all because it can be seen it can be interpreted to me that was a pen that was used to drive so if you had five houses before you got into office which you ought to declare before you swear to the oath then it is also to you that by the time you're leaving office you should not have six if you say you now have six houses how? can your salary afford the six houses yes my salary can afford the six houses then fine then you also now prove that the salaries you are going to pay went into the six houses that is the whole essence of asset declaration you are sure for but in Nigeria in the case of an energy it was reprimanded even though the process was absolutely flawed because the president was entrusted and there was a particular minister that was also entrusted because the CGN then failed to deal with bidding so it was reprimanded against nevertheless how many persons have gone to jail the next person that was precipitated was Sarah King but he was able to disentangle himself because he had his records straight improved whenever he got that his state government went outside he would remember when they seized his properties in Khorasti so the question now we have the law but how many people are going to enforce the law that is where we have the problem but if you talk about banning or stop preventing from being inaugurated as the president called me on this premise it is going to be a flitting issue but why do you think that he wouldn't want to declare his assets upon the law? his antecedents your perception of somebody and the antecedents of the person will be an informed decision on that person we are looking at the antecedents we have all kinds of criminal cases all kinds of criminal cases we don't know his age even if the asset is declared I will not vow for the veracity of that declaration I would rather vow for the public fairness of the declaration I don't know his age we don't know his appearance he is 71, his daughter is 61 his academic qualifications the drug allegation I can rightly say because he was convicted we didn't go to prison but he paid the sum you can even be convicted of your parole you must not be locked up in an area conviction is conviction even if you are convicted for 5000 naira it's conviction so that's what we can say because the records are there so why do you think I want to trust him and give him his declaration and what is he going to declare the so-called business mobile what is he going to declare so I will never believe that so let's leave that my guess is let's forget that but they just say go and declare mark today what I just told you he will declare and you see it is going to generate a lot of rage a whole lot of hate because certain persons who are close to him and probably the fact that before the election what he said some persons came out to declare tell us how much you have tell us your words they included all those questions including the question they completely avoided the question of thing how can you know the water how can you know the water if you have any facts if you have any facts if you have avoided it why is he going to declare it now where he knows that he is definitely going to amass more words so why is he going to declare it now if he declares it now he is going to affect it because he cannot amass we heard that his son just wants a house in London in London so let us start with this matter now let's look at what is happening because our time is running out the national assembly there is a candidate that has been anointed by the party and the president elect himself and within the party there is infighting what do you think about all what is happening with that candidate that is going to be a party yeah a party a community a president of the United States yeah you all know what I am talking about now we are talking about infighting the truth about it is Tinnable wants somebody that will do building at every point in time they will want another law one who said they are not there to fight the president but to work with the president and then just whatever the problem but in the case of our party they must have placed all kinds of layout made all kinds of promise I can tell you our party is a man of the day if our party becomes the senate president it will be almost impossible it will be a major fight to impeach and remove him I said impeach and remove him I believe you all know that impeachment is a process there are two different things it is just an official indictment that is what impeachment is so even if the president wants to know that Appagio is low there as we say in our local palace and Appagio is a politician to be called and Appagio is serious who want to be another senator now he must have made all kinds of pledges promise Mr. President that he is going to be in control of the senate that they are not going to be in top time so he must have because he is the sweet talker and that is why Mr. President settled for him and before this agreement must have been reached before the presidential primaries they must have reached all this agreement but kept it to themselves and now it out if you also look at the zoning you have the president from the southwest you have the vice president from the north in all fairness I would have felt that it would have diminished to the east if you really want inclusiveness and you want to maintain stability oneness you should have gone to the east but for what are you saying it is going to the south south which I think is not where I am in reverse not from the south but if you want the unity of this country to continue because you find out that the tenuous legatures are already threatened the east field maternalized so if you want that unity to continue would have been made to the east the very left estates would have placated they would have been assumed but then it is politics but let me also come in with this habit don't forget that before Dogara the agreement then was that this is going to go for Bajabra Mila and they were all they were all put in the bus they were on the bus they drove down to the venue since the Klein degree and voted for Dogara Bajabra Mila was supposed to be the speaker as to when Dogara emerged as the speaker and it is a concerted circle of conspiracies and articulated interests so anything can happen it's not over it has greatest teasing and a lot of people go back to their homes to plot again to see how they can frustrate and string the decision of Bala Mila okay because of time that's the much we can take there are so many things on the headlines that we would have wanted to honestly I don't know why I saw the interesting headlines I made a mistake to talk about the best nonsense no it wasn't a mistake it's okay you gave your thoughts on that sorry thank you for your guidance always a pleasure to have you open up have a great day okay we will be talking with you in this area I public affairs analyst looking at the headlines we'll take a short break now when we return we'll be dealing with world press freedom day that's our first hot topic stay with us


The Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians plans to develop a 109-unit mixed-use development in Minneapolis has gotten a boost. The project, which is named after an Ojibwe phrase that means the good life, was awarded $2.71 million from the city of Minneapolis on Friday. That is one of the largest affordable housing trust funds awards ever approved and provides mixed-use, mixed-income workforce housing for families on a distressed site along a transit-oriented commercial corridor. Plans are for the development to be located adjacent to the Franklin Avenue Metro Blue Line on Cedar Avenue South in Minneapolis. It will offer efficiencies, one, two, and three-bedroom units in a six-story building with ample green space, shared underground parking, and a complete amenity package. The Red Lake Band will co-locate their Wellness Center and Red Lake Nation Embassy on the nation's first floor, the building's first floor, I should say. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Okay, so my name is Sam Vaknin, I'm a professor of psychology in several universities in a few countries, around the world. Most recently in Southern Federal University in Rostov-on-Don and in SIAPS, the outreach program. I'm obliged to say this, so forgive me. Today I would like to discuss psychological theories. Every professor of psychology, when he is sufficiently inebriated or intoxicated, will tell you that we have our doubts as to psychology. How much of a science is it? How rigorous is it? Is it actually merely a form of literature rather than science? We have doubts, grave doubts. And we have grave doubts for five reasons. And I will start with the first one. We can't agree on anything. And we can't agree on anything. And this creates enormous clashes between competing schools in psychology. Now I'm also a physicist, I have another degree in physics. And I can tell you, this is not the case in physics. In physics we have a common platform, a foundation upon which we construct derivative theories. Now these derivative theories can compete, but no one undermines the foundation. That's not the case in psychology. Let's start with dualism versus monism. There is the belief that the mind and the body are two separate entities. Though in constant interaction via various mechanisms and pathways, they're still separate. That's dualism. And then we have monism. The belief that the mind is nothing but an emergent phenomenon. A manifestation of emanation from or mislabelling physiological processes, qualities and organs. So psychology should be a branch of neuroscience. Or psychology should be a branch of medicine. That's the medicalization of psychology. Then you have the debate between innate and stimuli-driven psychologies. There's the belief that all psychological traits, all psychological processes are innate. They're autonomous, they're self-generated. And then you have other schools in psychology that say that psychological processes are triggered by and psychological traits are shaped and conditioned by stimuli emanating from the environment. So one group of psychological theories says that everything comes from the inside. And another group of theories says that everything comes from the outside. Then you have the nature versus nurture debate. One group of theories says that genes, and more comprehensively evolution, determine one's psychological makeup and modus operandi. And there's another group of psychological theories that say that one's psychology is decided and determined by one's upbringing, by one's human milieu, by one's personal psychobistry. Then there is reductionism versus holism. There's a group of psychological theories that say that psychology can be analytically reduced to a set of interacting, distinct, atom-like components or constructs, the elementary particles of psychology. And then there's another group of psychological theories that say that psychology is a complex, irreducible outcome of shape-shifting networks of ceaseless interactions and the synergy of extensive and intensive qualities, parameters of actions, action and boundary conditions. And then there's a debate about fixed versus plastic, childhood versus lifespan, determined versus mutable. So once one group of psychological theories say that at a certain age, one's psychology becomes an immutable, unchangeable fixture, psychology after this age does not change. It is subject only to minor, almost imperceptible modifications. And there's a whole group of psychological theories that say exactly the opposite. They say that the brain is plastic, neuroplastic, that the brain is reprogrammable from cradle to grave, that development is lifelong, Eric Erickson, and that therefore one's psychological settings and proceedings are constantly evolving, constantly being revised, constantly changing throughout life. And then there's a whole group of psychological theories which are static. And another group which is dynamic, objective versus subjective. The first group says that psychological reactions, psychological processes are rigid, they are set, allowing for well-demarcated diagnosis, categorical, sharply delineated clinical entities which are subject to the scientific method, brain studies, for example. That's one group of theories. And there's another group of psychological theories that say exactly the opposite. They say that psychology is a narrative, it's fuzzy, it's impressionistic, it's ever-evolving, it's somewhat artistic. Diagnosis and treatment require human contact and interaction, and it's mostly subjective and very often emotional. You have process theories in psychology versus behavior theories. Process theories say that psychological processes constantly occur in the mind. They underlie behaviors, cognitions and choices. They can be subject to meaningful and informed introspection. The other group of theories say that since we can never in principle observe or measure internal processes in the mind, we should only monitor, observe and analyze observable behaviors. We should not be concerned with what's happening in the mind because we don't even know if the mind exists. We should just observe behavior. Okay. Then you have categorical versus dimensional theories. Categorical theories say that human behaviors, normal behaviors, pathological behaviors, aberrant behaviors, all behaviors can be categorized, can be classified, can be distinguished, can be subject to a taxonomy, can be demarcated with a minimum of ambiguity and a minimum of overlap or minimum of co-obidity. The other group of psychological theories poo-poo this notion. They mock this approach. They believe that human behaviors constitute a spectrum, can be described only by using interacting multi-purpose dimensions. This debate has been going on within the committee of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for at least 40 years. And then there is statistical normal versus descriptive spectrum theories.  And this average is what we call normalcy. To be normal is to be statistically average. Then there's a whole group of other theories that say that human behaviors, human preferences, drives, urges, traits, orientations are normal, though they may be socially unacceptable, they may even be illegal. But they are normal. All behaviors are normal. No such thing as abnormal behavior. If it is human, it's normal. And everything is on a spectrum. And when there is only anecdotal evidence for existence, it's still normal. Even when statistically it's rare, it's still normal. Okay. And then you have analogous versus standalone theories. Analogous theories say that modeling human psychology should be done by using analogies. Analogies, for example, to various technologies. So we can compare the human mind to a computer. And this provides real testable insights into the human mind. The other group of theories say that the human mind and the products of the human mind are unique. Sui generis cannot be studied by an all analogy, cannot be compared to anything. Getting to know the mind requires its own models, its own language, its own theories independent of models and theories and technologies in other fields of science and knowledge. There are occult multi-partite theories in psychology versus overt monolithic theories. The multi-partite theories believe that the human mind is comprised of several interacting parts. Some of these parts are accessible trivially, while the awareness too and the knowledge of other parts require special efforts and special training and special knowledge. So these are multi-part theories. And then you have one-part theories. The belief that the mind is a monolithic, indivisible black box which can be observed and analyzed only via its effects on the world, via interactions with reality and via observable behaviors. You have mechanical versus stochastic or emergent theories. The belief that the mind is a machine which, like other machines, is subject to the laws of nature, can be deciphered, can be contextualized objectively and even mathematically. And then there's a whole group of psychological theories that negate this approach. They say this approach is wannabe pseudoscience. And these theories, these competing theories say that the mind is cloud, the emergent outcome of numerous intertwined and fuzzy processes constantly self-assembling and reassembling and redundant networks and that the underlying mathematics is stochastic, not deterministic. They are theoretical versus experimental psychologists. Theoretical psychologists believe that psychology is a philosophy of the mind, not a rigorous science, and that consequently psychology cannot be falsified and the results of its experiments cannot be repeated and cannot be replicated. And then there are experimental psychologists and they believe that psychology is a science exactly like physics and the theories of psychology can yield falsifiable predictions and the experiments of psychology are repeatable, are replicable, can be repeated. And then you have reactive versus teleological theories. Reactive theories in psychology believe that behaviors or behaviors are reactions to external stimuli. Teleological theories believe that behaviors are goal-oriented. Behaviors are selected or deselected by familiar or anticipated consequences. So we select behaviors because of their consequences. Then you have nomothetic versus ideographic theories. Nomothetic theories are theories that study populations based on analysis of test results. So they study populations and they derive lessons about individuals from the study of the population to which the individual belongs. And there are ideographic theories. These theories study individuals in depth. They use structured interviews. They use psychological tests. And then they create a composite of all the individuals to reach conclusions about collectives like society. You see, there is vast disagreement, a gulf and abyss on every important point in psychology. We disagree among us about literally every conceivable thing. Additionally, there's the issue of culture and culture-bound syndromes. And many of the diagnosis and clinical entities are actually heavily influenced by cultural and social biases and period-specific biases. I don't need to remind you that homosexuality had been included as a mental illness, mental health diagnosis, clinical entity in the diagnostic and statistical manual until 1973.  And in 1974, you were suddenly a very healthy person. Same thing happened with BDSM, with certain sexual practices. Psychological theories have problems and these are not minor problems. I believe that these problems falsify, make it impossible for psychology to be actually a science. I believe that these problems are underlie all possible psychological theories, regardless of which side of the divide you are. And I will enumerate four of these, four of the reasons that I think render psychology essentially a pseudo-science. And mind you, I'm a professor of psychology. I have been teaching psychology for many years. I've been in the field for 26 years. And I'm using the word pseudo-science or quasi-science very judiciously and very carefully having delved deeply into the philosophy of psychology another academic degree I have is in philosophy. So, scientific theories and psychological theories, do they have anything in common? These psychological theories are not scientific theories and can never ever be scientific theories. I'll try to explain why from the philosophical point of view. Ethics, experiments would have to be conducted involving the patient and other people. To achieve the necessary result, subjects, human subjects will have to be ignorant of the reasons for the experiments and the aims of the experiments. Sometimes even the very performance of the experiment will have to be kept and to remain a secret, double-blind experiments. Some experiments may involve unpleasant or even traumatic or mini-traumatic experiences. And this is ethically unacceptable. Psychology or psychological experimentation is heavily limited, ethically speaking. That's not the case when you study the sun or when you study neutrinals in a laboratory or when you isolate the Higgs boson. Number two, the psychological uncertainty principle. The initial state of a human subject in an experiment is fully established. But the treatment, the very experimentation, anything you do to and anything you do with a human subject, influence the human subject, change the human subject and render any knowledge you had gathered about that human subject irrelevant. The very processes of measurement and observation alter, change the human subject, transform him or her to a different entity. Even if you don't do anything to a human subject, internal processes, interactions with introjects, internal objects, everything, the environment, information, cues, smells, everything changes awareness and consciousness. And given sufficient time, for example one day, the change is so considerable that it can render the outcomes of a previous day's experiments all but irrelevant. Life circumstances and vicissitudes conspire against the possibility of objective experimentation in psychology. That's a problem of uniqueness. Psychological experiments are bound to be unique, unrepeatable, non-replicable. Psychological experiments cannot be replicated as a matter of principle. It's not a matter of logistics or arranging the equipment. In principle, you cannot replicate psychological experiments because they involve a highly specific set of highly specific and unique subjects. At other times and elsewhere with other subjects, this is not a replication of the original experiment. Even when you use the same subjects in the same setting but at a different time, that's not a replication of the experiment. Psychological experiments can never, ever in principle, ever be replicated. The subjects are never the same because of the aforementioned psychological uncertainty principle. And if you use different subjects, obviously, it obviates the validity of your testing. Repeating the experiments with other subjects adversely affects the scientific value of the results. And finally, there is what we call under-generation of testable hypotheses. Psychology does not generate a sufficient number of hypotheses which can be subjected to scientific testing and to falsifiability. This has to do with the fabulous narrative storytelling nature of psychology. Psychology has affinity with literature, maybe. It's a kind of private language, if you wish. It is a form of art and like every other form of art, it is self-sufficient and self-contained. If it is structural, internal constraints are met. A statement is deemed true even if it does not satisfy external scientific requirements. In other words, one could say that psychology is somewhat autistic. What it tests is itself. It is self-referential. It's recursive as distinct from other disciplines like physics and chemistry. And because psychology cannot generate hypotheses that can be falsified in any valid and rigorous manner, not psychological theory is a scientific theory. I am not disputing the possible validity of psychological theories. As a form of art, the greatest psychologist to have ever lived was Dostoyevsky. Not Freud, not Jung, not Skinner. None of the greatest psychologists to have ever inhabited the earth was Dostoyevsky. So we can construct narrative theories which would have applicability and validity. We just should not pretend that they are science because that's a grandiose statement. The constant state of mind of psychologists, when I grow up, I want to be a scientist. Well, kid, this is never going to happen. And that concludes the defense. I'm intrigued by this one and I really want to be a statement proof because I'm a statistician. During my time at university, during my master's, I thought I was special and a mathematician. And I had to do a course in psychology. At the end of the course, my lecturer asked me, he said, Paul, your purpose in life to come to university is to do what? And I said to meet myself a better person. And he said, no, but you have completed your master's, how do you feel? And I said, sir, about the same life before. And he said, that's my point. And I said, two or three additional years, thinking that you don't want to accomplish something and you've accomplished nothing. And I said, so what is all of this for? And he said, that's the point. That's the point. And I really like your presentation because what I'm seeing here is that a number of persons think that because you're able to use some statistics or some mathematical jargons and concepts, it makes sense. And that gets into the old discussion that Thomas Kool did. He said, this is like yourself. When you went into the old thing about scientific revolution, normal science, and all of that. And I'm saying, you're really put some perspective here for us today to see a number of things that we are doing, even within the concept of thinking that you take from science some principles that you might have been in science after all. And I really appreciate that presentation. Thank you. Thank you for your kind words. I went to make two comments. It's a fellow mathematician. I'm a mathematician. My other doctorate is in mathematical physics. So I want to make a generalized comment here. And I'm able to compare the disciplines. One is very rigorous, most exact science, and one is, you know, fuzzy wannabe science. People confuse language with content, statistics, or more precisely, mathematics, or more precisely, arithmetic and logic. You know, we go back. That's a language. It's a language. It's simply a language that we use to describe the world. It does not this language. Using this language does not confer on you, does not make you a scientist. Using this language does not make the discipline that is using this language a science. Using this language actually, if you go deep into the logic of mathematics, using this language actually is not a statement about the world. Mathematics is a statement about mathematics. It's not a statement about the world. Mathematical statements are concerned with other mathematical statements. So it's very nice that disciplines like economics, like sociology, like psychology, they are using equations. And they think naively that having adopted a specific language renders them a scientist and the whole discipline of science. It's like you would say, well, from now on in psychology, we are going to use only Russian. And now that we are using Russian, it's a science. Russian is mathematics. It's a language. And I agree with you. It's a confusion between language and content or essence, language and essence. But this confusion is very common. And it's happening regrettably also in physics nowadays, where we're beginning to confuse language elements with statements about reality, whatever reality may be. So it's a generalized problem in the sciences nowadays. I'm really pleased to have come to this seminar, but mine got pretty early this morning. And I was wondering what I was going to face.  But it is not a bad day at all. It's language again. I mean, thanks for your presentation. I'm opening and something that I've always accepted as is. Thank you. I regret that I have to go because I was supposed to be the first presenter and I have other obligations. I apologize, but it's been a great experience. Thank you very much.  Thank you. Thank you.


Welcome to a new week on the rundown. On this episode, changes to selective re-enlistment bonuses. Navy Cool has six things you need to know, and we welcome back rating titles. The Navy released changes to the SRB award plan for active duty and full-time support sailors. The change includes 26 SRB award level increases and 49 award decreases. It also adds 49 new skills while removing seven skills able to receive bonuses. War levels are adjusted based on rating requirements and needs of the Navy. Skill removers and award decreases will not go into effect until 30 days after the release of the NAV admin. Read about the changes for specific ratings in NAV admin to a4-16 on NPC and read our story on navy.mil for more details. The Center for Information Warfare Training has released six things sailors need to know about Navy Cool. Navy Cool provides credentialing opportunities for sailors through training, education and experience related to civilian occupations. Navy Cool offers over 1800 funding credentialing opportunities for enlisted personnel. These credentials can help sailors during and after service in the Navy, map and demonstrate their training and skills. Navy Cool also provides funding for exam and certification fees. That means you don't pay for credentialing. There are also more than 1500 credentialing opportunities for officers. You can also view and print advancement exam bids on Navy Cool for sailors preparing for the next advancement exam. Check out the Navy Cool website by visiting cool.navy.mil. Also, read the story on navy.mil for more on the six things you need to know. Lastly, you can once again refer to me as MC2. Navy leaders have reversed the decision to do away with rating titles effective immediately. The change was made based on feedback from sailors and to avoid unnecessary distractions from the Navy's goals. C&O and McPawn spoke on the change during an all-hands here at the Pentagon. Here's a clip. About 20 minutes ago we released a NAV admin message that restores rating titles and to give you a little bit more information on that, I'll ask the McPawn to tell you all what that was all about, what it means and what our way is going forward. We realize that the majority of our time has been spent centered on conversations solely based on a Navy convention, which we believe has probably become a distraction. It's taken away from the things that each and every one of us should be focused on every day, our missions, our operations, our war fighting efforts out there. But keep in mind this doesn't take away from the larger effort that we're trying to do in this rating modernization as we continue to think about those things that we've discussed since the announcement of rating modernization, which is career flexibility. Well, that's all for this week. For any questions, send us a message at usnpeople.fct and navy.mil. For the Chief Naval Personnel, I'm MC2 L.J. Brogson. Thanks for watching.