Hey everyone welcome back to a brand new freedom tech tips video guys today I'm going to be showing you how to remove background noise from your audio when you're making videos I'm also going to be showing you how to remove background noise in general let's say if you're in a discord call and we're going to be using discord as the example for this one if you're a gamer out there you'll know that most of my tutorial centers around how to make your gameplay videos better in Premiere Pro things like audio and editing so going by that logic you're probably going to be using discord as well whether that's for business calls or just gaming with your friends and I'm going to show you how to remove that background noise when you are in these conversations so first we are going to be starting with discord so what you want to do is you want to come on over to discord and you want to go to your settings icon and then just click on the voice and video on the left hand side just there and you'll notice you've got a whole array of options um so what I'm going to do first of all for you guys is I'm just going to show what the audio sounds like right now so I'm going to do a let's check and see those yellow bars they're flickering without it picking up any other noise so I'm going to stop the test there so there's a couple things there one my voice was cutting out quite consistently and two there were yellow bars even when I wasn't even speaking meaning that it's actually picking up white noise so what you want to do is you want to reduce your volume this is your input volume so this is how much your mic will actually pick up I reduced my to 70 percent uh this seems to work really well for me so we'll just do a check right now okay so we're not getting any audio bars but my voice is quieter so with that said I'm now going to show you a handy tool that discord actually implements into their audio system if you look down here guys under the advanced option you've got noise suppression and it uses a side company called crisp and crisp is a really really well known company they have paid for services on their website whereby you can implement software to actually reduce the noise completely uh if you're in other voice calls and things like that um but with discord it automatically has it built in so you don't even really need to pay for it so what you want to do is you want to click on noise suppression then just switch that on and then if we do a let's test on a hundred percent so I'm going to go back to max now even though it says that it's not detecting my audio it still actually is so ignore that message but you are hearing me perfectly fine and all the background noise has been completely removed which I think is absolutely incredible discord is a really really great tool to use for this so yeah now let's move on to premiere pro so guys I have premiere pro loaded in the background just here and I've already got my sample audio in so we're just going to listen to that right now hey everyone hope you are all having a great day today guys welcome back to a new freedom tech tips video so what you can hear in the background is my tumble dryer my computer is actually in the kitchen which is not the most ideal place to have a computer set up especially when you're uploading daily content like what I am so yeah we want to get that out we I don't want my viewers to hear a tumble dryer in the background I want people to hear a nice crisp audio with none of that very very easy techniques so guys what you want to do is you want to click on audio tracker in the top left hand corner now if you don't have that just click on window and then on window just click on the audio meters and then it will pop up for you see yeah you want to head on over to audio tracker there'll be an arrow just on the top left hand corner click on that as you can see you've got four different tabs here you want to use the first tab because our audio is on the audio one line so it's on line one so we're going to go to tab one so it all sinks together and just above this black bar we are going to click on the drop down arrow and just next to that it will say noise reduction and restoration just head straight on over to noise and now I'm going to put that up to 60 percent so I've been doing this a very very long time so I already know the baseline that I look for if I can hit 60 percent that'd be brilliant there we go so I know that 60 percent works absolutely fine for me it may sound a little bit weird when you play your audio at first now the reason why it does this is because the noise suppression wants to recognize the difference between the audio that you want to hear which is your voice and the audio you don't want to hear which is the background noise so the reason why it sounds a bit weird at the start when you play your audio is because it's just the noise reduction trying to calculate the difference between the two and then eventually your audio as you keep playing it goes back to normal once it's completely justified the difference between background noise and your audio you won't experience the issue of your audio sounding weird when you come to exporting it so I'm going to play that at first and like I said you will hear that little bit of weirdness but it will adjust hey everyone hope you are all having a great day today guys welcome back to a new freedom tech tips video as you can see that has dramatically absolutely dramatically remove the background noise and in discord that noise was actually completely gone as well so one thing I always like to just make sure is obviously when I'm recording a video I do obviously switch off the appliances I make sure there isn't anything running at all in the background because obviously I want to give you guys the best quality that I can just like I'm doing right now so examples like this just wouldn't happen in my case but this is a very very good example for you guys to show you exactly how you can remove the background noise in case you're in a situation whereby you cannot remove it at all one thing I will show you before I end the video completely is at the very top of premiere pro you have a audio button you click on that one and just on the right hand side you have a blank area and the reason why it's blank is because you haven't actually selected on any audio so if I click on my audio right here bang these things suddenly light up so you have a preset I recommend going to preset dialogue and then just head in hitting default that gives you a bunch of options now if very much depends on what type of room you're in if you're in a large room they have presets for large rooms if you if you're in a small room they have presets for small rooms they have a male voice here so I'm going to click on balanced male voice and then see what that sounds like I've not actually tried this before if it's dramatically better than great for me but if it's not I'm just going to stick with my original not noise reduction so yeah let's just see what that sounds like hey everyone hope you are all having a great day today guys I actually prefer the original I won't lie to you so so for me that wouldn't actually work but for you guys in your rooms in your situations that actually might be a good tip for you I just wanted to show you that because it's there and it's great for you guys to play around with it because one of these presets might just do the job for you instantly rather than you having to manually do it and look at all these percentages like what I originally do so I'm going to go back to default and then just listen to that one more time hey everyone hope you are all having a great day today guys welcome back to a new freedom yeah I prefer that that is much much better and like I said that isn't even really what my audio would sound like in my videos anyway because I would switch off all of these appliances I just had that as an example for you guys you guys see exactly what to do in those situations guys I really hope you enjoyed this video I hope it's really helpful for you and I'll see you in whichever video I next make guys if you want to see more of me head on over to my channel Brad Han I'll leave a link in the description this video and yeah take care guys


I think, you know, we need to have a global perspective in terms of when we discuss about this refugee crisis, you know, keep in mind as, as some Secretary Bradley mentioned, there are over 60 million refugees and IDPs. Some of these refugees have been refugee situations since 1964.  We have thousands of refugees in Kakuma. We have electric and refugees since 1964. We have the, the, there are free refugees in Chad. So we have to really look at it globally. I understand the crisis is because some refugees decided not to stay in the camp and decided to, to go to Europe.


Today we are opening massive mail What's up guys today? We are back with another epic viewer mail video today I have some huge packages like literally they're huge you saw it in the intro But before that we do have a giveaway and a couple of smaller packages Then we'll get into the massive ones first off We have a giveaway a PSA 9 perfectly ultimate great moth Someone actually sent this with their mail as a giveaway and somehow it got separated from the actual mail I can't remember exactly who sent me this to give away. Sorry I appreciate you sending it in if you did send it in let me know in the comments All you have to do is like this video be subscribed and let me know your favorite mail from the video It can be a massive mail can be small mail can be just be the giveaway that that's probably a lot of you guys favorite We are gonna start off with this golden package here So we have a golden package and inside there are some I believe what appears to be some Orca cards a very interesting part of this package is these the note is literally Screwed together, which is quite interesting I'm not sure exactly how to undo this without a screwdriver, and I really don't think I have one We can try it with the fingernail. Okay, that came off a lot easier than I thought so let's open up this note Hey ruckson big fan of the channel, and I appreciate all the time work you put into them You had mentioned in one of your recent videos about some orca cards you received being flimsy So I wanted to send you some sets for my shop that have some more sturdiness to them It's from my orca shop that you can find on Facebook at doulas kingdom cards or on Amazon We keep the prices affordable We'll be adding a new 48 card deck set for both yami yugi and set okiba next month for those interested join our Facebook page for updates and Available sets. I will also include some bonus cards for you as well Keep up the great content Nick doulas kingdom cards you can email them there sounds pretty cool Let's get into it. Let's start off with the orcas then we'll get into the real cards They sent us first of all we have banna Keith. We've got the mechanical chaser These do feel very sturdy actually the I don't remember that guy's name. He's a machine monster So this is the banna Keith deck. We have a slot machine the launcher spider. We've got the Zoa, where's the metal Zoa? We've got the blast sphere machine king the barrel dragon the metal Zoa We've got the zero the mant the zero ritual or something like that seven completed Of course, that's a classic because you got to keep it up your sleeve slot machine and some other machines And then we got the metamorph and the time machine or something like that We have a second deck is this gonna be a different deck Paradox brothers very cool got these whole anime decks These would be fun to duel with and like you have to know the effects labyrinth wall We've got that guy that bites people and just getting I don't know what it is I don't know that one either. I don't remember that one. We got the cosy gen I know that one. We got the sui gen.   I would change the labyrinth fusion or something labyrinth wall with the shadow ghoul in it Oh, we're yoku. I forgot they had that the labyrinth tank invigoration. I think and then it removed trap Okay, a couple more decks. We got the mako deck. Let's see what they got in here We got mako tsunami that guy. I don't remember his name the jellyfish and these don't slide very easily is one problem The flying fish. We've got the a shark guy. I always liked that one. He looks cool This is a car that wasn't in English for a very long time. I think the amphibian beast We've got the legendary fisherman the legendary fisherman to legendary fisherman three I think that's how that goes the fortress whale very cool ritual card from TP seven turn of the dune We got a umi fortress oath or something like that or whales of traditional tribute and the tornado wall All right, final deck. We have a Rex raptor himself. So soon they're dropping the Yugi and Kaiba They said so that's pretty cool. All right Rex raptor. What's he got? We got red eyes in your serpent night dragon I guess is after tyrant. He has tyrant dragon. I didn't know that must have been later To a king Rex that other dinosaur another dinosaur the black tyrant. Oh, and here's a wheel So it's like half a deck got the parasite parasite with the insect queen. Oh The legendary Pocain yo mop the best card in the deck cocoon of evolution We got the larva moth grande moth and of course perfectly ultimate great moth which we are giving away in this video So check it out. Okay. Let's check out the real cards. They sent us first of all We have UFO turtle is good. Just one card there. All right, so it's one card. We have the guardian sphinx That's a first edition from verani guardian. That's pretty awesome one tribute flip effect Which is pretty funny. We've got the ectoplasma. That's a classic from the anime. Love that kairon the mage That's a pretty cool looking card and then the red moon baby very nice So I guess the foil was right in the middle kind of like a pack, which is pretty cool Well, there's a super in ultra actually thank you again for that Go check out their page if you're interested in their anime cards next. We have an envelope There isn't an address on the top so I'm not gonna show that part. We have a note here Hi, I've been watching some of your opening videos on YouTube pretty impressive and fun to watch. Thank you very much Now I found four Yu-Gi-Oh cards that are collecting dust and decided to send to you enjoy them They're behind the magic card regards France Hendricks. Let's see what he sent us. We have four cards here They are interestingly packaged to say the least. Well, let's see if we can get them out first card We have they're all behind magic cards, which is interesting. Ooh Cyber harpy lady. That's actually a really nice one pretty cool OCG All right, I wonder if all four will be OCG. That'll be interesting. Let's see. I do not have a lot of OCG cards This is pretty cool. Next we have Jim and I elf this is an invasion of chaos special edition very nice Not even in bad condition on these actually. This is pretty cool third card. We have a Another Jim and I elf labyrinth of nightmare secret rare. This is actually really really nice It has a little crease up there, but that's still really cool Secret rare original from labyrinth of nightmare very nice and the final fourth card from Frans Let's see what he sent us. Will it be another Jim and I elf or will it be another cyber harpy lady? Oh An ultimate rare. Oh my goodness Things beat up but an ultimate rare Japanese Jim and I elf this is some of the cards that I would love to start collecting are Japanese old Ultimate rares like this that is incredible. So we have three Jim and I elves and we have a cyber harpy lady That is an absolutely awesome set of cards right there. So thanks again to Frans. That was really cool Next up is a massive tube. Let's see what's inside this thing. Okay, first off we have this is gonna be very difficult to show So I'm just gonna hold it up. It's like a print sheet, but it's obviously not the real one But it's Yu-Gi on the front. It's an LOB. It's like all the cards from LOB. It seems that's pretty cool. Also Also, there's an entire Pokemon base set one in there as well Looks like there's a few of these LOB ones and I think maybe like one of the Pokemon one I mean, obviously we like Yu-Gi-Oh better here, but this is really cool Very difficult to show on camera though. And by the way, this was from crossover collectibles He said hey bud, I hope you enjoy keep up the great content. So if you guys are interested in contacting him I think that he could make more of these I'm not totally sure how many of these he sells or whatever But he sent me this so I figured that he wants some of you guys to go check it out Then we have the massive cardboard box here that you guys saw in the intro We have a giant Yu-Gi-Oh card. What Yu-Gi-Oh card is it you ask? You're about to find out. The giant Yu-Gi-Oh card reveal is Millennium shield from McDonald pack guys, you know what I should have asked for he asked me which card I wanted Because this is one of my favorite cards probably my favorite card Picanium off I should ask for the Picanium off. It would have been epic. However, this is also epic here We might not grade this thing a PSA 10 you see this here. That's probably gonna knock them right now We're looking at like moderate play here. We're looking at maybe a PSA 4 or 5, but overall pretty nice card now I'm just I'm just getting this is really cool and the guy who sent me this send me a note Rux dude you rock. Thanks for all the good content. I know this is your favorite card Hope it brings back and magnifies your childhood memories keep inspiring others to live a big kid life at big kid Bye, so go check them out If you guys want to have massive cards like this then you just go check about and he could make these for you So it's pretty cool next time. Maybe I'll get the Picanium off. That'd be pretty awesome But the plenty of shields also really awesome. All right, we will see how long that stays up there And the final two items we have are from Hype land. They sent us a box And a package first off. Let's see what's inside of the box. We have some shirts So let's see what these shirts are exactly first. We have a Merrick shirt got many Merrick cards on there Very cool. Oh, and they sent a sweatshirt Yu-Gi-Oh Sweat shirt now. This is pretty awesome. It's a hoodie and everything. Let's check the back out the back has all that Epicness. Let's see if I can show this you guys see this check this out This thing looks sick. I don't know if you guys can hear me back here, but This looks really cool. Here's the final item. They sent us. Is this a rug? I think this might be a rug I'm not sure what this is. We're about to open it up. Um We have Yu-Gi as a rug now full body Yu-Gi This is pretty funny Yu-Gi Alright, so now that I have full body Yu-Gi him and I can have some discussions about how to become king of games Which is great and by the way Hype land it does have a website You guys can go check them out and buy like merch and all kinds of really cool stuff that they have They're like a really big store and they have a ton of awesome Yu-Gi-Oh stuff that they just launched recently So go check that out if you guys are interested because that's some really quality stuff like that hoodie seems really nice All right guys, that's it for our massive mail day There was a lot of large items was fun to open if you sent me something I really appreciate if you guys do want to send me something you can check out my p.o Box in the description and you can be in a future mail day shout at the TCG trusted cards toe and foe show tomato juice Stanley Mike Nant and mimic get go appreciate you guys supporting the channel and that's it for this video I will see you guys later Peace


Should you cut out your existing friends because you no longer drink and they do and they're corrupting your mind? Well, when you quit drinking it is very possible that you will lose some friends You may proactively choose to cut them out of their life or to just move on or you may just find that you just naturally Gravitate somewhere else. So yes, you will lose some of your existing friends possibly you don't have to You don't need to Because when you are alcohol-free and you're feeling great in that choice and you're powerfully drinking water and soda water And you're feeling great and you're awesome. It doesn't matter what social group you're in at all You can be a chameleon you can like float into a group of people who are drinking heavily and you can just powerfully have a great time While not drinking you can float into another group of people who are not drinking heavily who are drinking on only on occasion And you can still remain alcohol-free and love it and enjoy it You're a chameleon that floats between social groups I'm James Swannick from the alcohol-free and formula There are links down below to help you get started on your quitting drinking journey when I quit drinking in 2010 Did I lose some of my friends? Not initially Did they challenge me on not drinking? Yes I had one friend who I told him that I was about 20 21 days not drinking and he said do you want to drink from the bar? I'm going to the bar. I said yeah. He says what do you want? I said a soda water He goes to the bar. He comes back five minutes later. There he gives it to me And then I look at him and he's got this little smirk on his face and just before I sipped it I was like Did you put vodka in this and he went oh, yeah, I did I was like well, you don't want to know what I said to him then but I wasn't happy and So you will find people in your life. He will do this They will literally not Understand or comprehend that you are not drinking and they may try to like sneak alcohol into your drink like my friend did and You might be a little bit irritated by that or a lot irritated like I was I get it now I didn't make a conscious choice to cut that friend or cut the friends that I had I just continued on my alcohol-free journey and what happened was is that I started naturally attracting a Different type of friend into my life. I just started to gravitate towards people who didn't need alcohol to socialize I started getting into health. I started getting into a little bit of meditation Some years later. I got more into that but at the time I just kind of dibbled and dabbled in it and I did start Going to the gym. I ran a half marathon None of these things are excessive none of these things are like addictive like physical behaviors like just because I give up One thing I'm now going to go and be addicted to like this health. It was just a natural kind of beautiful flow to starting to be attracted to healthier choices and attract people who Made healthier choices in their own life. So I didn't consciously say I am no longer hanging out with this group of friends And that's it and that's done. No, no, I didn't do that. I Just kept hanging out with them, but then started spending more time or Increasing amounts of time with this new group of people that I hadn't been exposed to previously And I didn't even have to go and seek them out They just found me because when your energy is health and presence and you're into Growth-minded things you tend to just attract people who are into health and growth-minded things It's just one of the laws of the universe right the law of attraction so Should you cut out some of your friends? Well the word should is a story, right? So should we? Yeah, maybe Maybe some of them don't serve you maybe some of them are draining you and so maybe it is smart for you It serves you to consciously say I no longer want that friend in my life. And if that's the case, that's okay, too I'm 43 years old as I'm recording this and I can tell you that the friends I have today are different from the friends I had just five years ago people that I may have hung out with for a year or two five years ago Some of those people I haven't seen in that amount of time not because there was a falling out Not because anything dramatic happened, but just people just go their separate ways and that's life and that's okay Should you make a conscious decision to cut someone out of your life who's encouraging you to drink when you don't want to drink? Maybe or maybe not that's a choice you have to make. Is it okay if you deliberately cut them out? Yes, that's okay. Is it okay if you don't cut them out? Yes, that's okay There's no judgment around this. There's no right or wrong But if someone is draining you and not serving you and you consciously want to go not they're cut I want to move on then do it because don't worry There's a whole new beautiful social group here waiting for you gone are the days where if you were ostracized from one group That that meant social isolation. No now we have Facebook and meet-ups and Instagram and A way of connecting to people. I don't mean like connecting to people online I mean using those online platforms to connect to people where you can go and meet them in person So to be clear, I'm not saying cut your friends and go and join social groups online I'm saying use those social groups online to connect with people who you can meet with meet in person Now just now I'm filming this right now the camera person who's filming this right now Ryan is a health-conscious traveling person show us turn the camera around.  Okay come back Ryan is a positive healthy guy who's out traveling the world in Bali doing cool epic stuff There's a reason why we attracted each other into our lives why he's filming me now doing this why he's into this Ryan did my 30-day no-alcohol challenge program back in I think 2015 right flip the camera around. Yeah, that's correct 2015 you did it. Yeah, so you found me online and why did you do that? Why did you find that group flip it around again? You know it just kind of found me through one of those. Yeah social circles. Yeah, yeah around so People are just attracted to people who are on the same frequency I had a program called the 30-day no-alcohol challenge which helps people quit alcohol and Ryan Somehow found that program and did the program and then quit alcohol. Yeah So when you do that you just naturally start to find new groups of people So do should you cut your existing friends? Maybe Is that scary? Yeah, I get it. But will you be attracted to and find and naturally Be magnetized towards a new group of people who bring you up And energize you and push you and hold you accountable And you get to learn new cool epic stuff. Yes So Yes, you will lose some friends. Maybe either Proactively you'll make the cut or maybe it'll just naturally happen and that's okay Because you are on a path to growth. You're on a path of health.  Make sure you like this video post a comment down below I want to hear from you.


Hello everyone, my name is Nikhil Gadjum, working as assistant professor in department of computer science and engineering in Valchand Institute of Technology, Solapur. In today's session, we will see hashing and different hash function. Now, these are the learning outcomes. At the end of this session, student will be able to find out hash key for an input value using appropriate hash function. We will just revise what is hashing again. Hashing is a process of indexing or storing and retrieving an element from the data structure with faster way to find out an element using hash key. Here, hash key is a value which provides an index value where to store the input value inside a hash table. So, hash key is different from the input value. Hash key is a value generated from a hash function which is actually a location where to store the input value inside a data structure we call it as hash table. Now, this is generalized diagram of hashing. This is a key or input value. We want to insert this input value key inside this hash table. Hash table, it is nothing but a data structure which stores multiple input values inside this data structure so that searching should be done efficiently. Now, there are two extra terms called as hash function and hash value. What is hash function? Hash function takes input as input element and generates output as a hash value of this input element. This hash value is nothing but a location where to store this input element inside this hash table. So, there may be a multiple hash function present so that it will map this input value with the actual data structure we call it as hash table. What is hash table? Hash table is just an array which maps input data to the data structure with the help of hash function such that insertion, deletion and search should be performed with a big of one time. Big of one time means there is only one comparison required for searching an element from the given data structure. Now, what is hash function? Hash function is a function which takes input data that is key as an input and generates an output which is an integer we call it as hash value which maps input data to a particular index inside hash table called as data structure. Again, we will go to a diagram. This is an hash function which takes input data as an input which generates a hash value. Hash value it is an integer value which is based on input data. This hash value is nothing but index of this hash table where to store this input data or key inside this hash table. So, hash value is nothing but a location where to store this input data inside this hash table. These are characteristics of good hash function. So, hash function which directly affects the complexity of a hashing. An ideal complexity of searching an element for hashing we call it as big of one but in general it is not possible every time to search an element with big of one complexity because of this hash function. So, these are different characteristics of good hash function. A hash function should have following properties. We will see one by one these characteristics. A hash value is fully determined by a data being hashed. So, whatever hash value is generated by the hash function should be fully determined by only a input data not by any other factors. Second one hash function uses all the input data. Now hash function is used to find out hash key from the input data and it should use all the data which is inputted to this hash function. It should not use a partial data for generating a hash value or hash key. So, it should use a complete data for generating a hash key. Hash function uniformly distributes the data across the entire set of possible hash values. Now meaning of this is hash function should distributes all the input data across the data structure or we call it as hash table. It should not generate a nearby hash keys or hash values so that cluster will form inside a data structure. If a hash function is generating a nearby values for different input values so all these different input values are stored at one part of the data structure. So, a cluster may form inside a data structure which affects on searching complexity of hashing. So, hash function should uniformly distributes the input data across the entire set of data structure or hash table. And last one hash function generates a different hash value for similar string though a strings are similar in nature the hash function should generate a different hash values for similar string. But it should generate a same hash value for same string but for similar string even if a small change inside a string it should generate a different hash value. But for if two strings are same it should generate a same hash value. Now these are different hash functions used for hashing. Now in general these are three hash functions used for finding out the hash key from the given input value. First one is folding. Inside folding it begins by dividing an item into equal size pieces. These pieces are then added together to give a resulting hash value for an example. Suppose input value is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 so using folding the input value is divided into three equal parts that is 1, 2, next part is 3, 4, next part is 5, 6. Then addition is performed on all these small pieces so 12 plus 34 plus 56 generating 102 mod 10. In this case I have used size of an array as 10 so it generates as a hash value as a 2. So this input value should be stored at index 2. So folding inside a folding you are dividing the input value into equal size pieces. A size may not be fixed but a size of piece should be a less than size of an array so that it will not stored out of bound index inside an array. So in general it should be a less than array size. Now we will see a second hash function that is mid square. Inside mid square first we square the input item and then we will extract some portion of a resulting digits. So inside a mid square first of all you are multiplying input element with the same number means you are squaring that input number and then you are retrieving some portion of the result as an hash key. So you are storing the input number at that position that is generated by mid square function. Third one is division this is a common and simple hash function mostly used hash function is division only. In this division function you are using mod operation and remainder will be used as an index for storing input value inside a hash function. So remainder will be your key retrieved by dividing input with the size of an array. So this is a generalized or general simple method division where you are performing mod operation with a size of an array. Now we will see an example suppose I have an array of size 10. So this array of size 10 I have used as a hash table as a data structure and I am storing input values inside this hash table using division method. So division method you are performing mod operation with a size of an array. Now in this example size of an array is 10. So you are performing hash function as mod 10. Suppose first number I want to insert is 52. So 52 mod 10 is 2. So 2 will be an index where to store 52 inside this an array of size 5. So 52 is stored at index 2. Next element I want to insert is 84. So 84 mod 10 is 4. So 84 will be stored at index 4. Next element is 68. 68 mod 10 is 8. So 68 should be stored at index 8. 99 is the next element. 99 mod 10 is 9. So 99 should be stored at index 9. Now there is one special situation we call it as collision inside an hashing. If we insert an element and it hashes to a same value which is already present at that location we call it as a collision. Collision means if two input values, two different input values generated same hash key inside in this case two values cannot be stored at same location. So only one value can be stored at one location. So second value cannot be stored at same location because two values are generating same hash key, same location. So in this case we call it as collusion. There are different collusion resolution technique how to handle if collusion occurs during hashing. So these are different collusion resolution technique. We will see one by one these collusion resolution techniques in the next session. So first one chaining, next one is open addressing. In open addressing there are different three methods are there. We call it as linear probing, quadratic probing and double hashing. Now this is an example again previous example where already 52, 84, 68 and 99 these four values are already stored inside this data structure we call it as hash table. Now suppose we want to insert a new element as 62. So again we have used division method. So division method 62 mod 10 which generates output as 2. So 62 should be stored at index 2. What happens is at index 2 already 52 is present. So you cannot store 62 at index 2 because of 52 is already present at that location. So this situation we call it as collision. So this is an example of collision. Now you can pause the video and you can answer what will be the value of hash key for an input element 999 having size of an array as 1000 using division method. You can pause the video and you can answer. So answer is 999. So input value is 999 and size of an array is 1000. So 999 mod 1000 will be a 999. So 999 is an index where you are storing an element input value 999. These are the references I have used for creation of this video. Thank you.


Bernardo Arrivalo won the Guatemalan presidential election in August but ever since, right wing sections have been trying to prevent his taking over. Arrivalo was supposed to be sworn in on Sunday but the right wing made a last-minute attempt to weaken his power in what is being called a coup attempt. With his supporters mobilizing on the streets and international pressure bearing down on his opponents, Arrivalo finally did manage to take over on Monday 9 hours after he was scheduled to. We go to Zoe to understand what happened on that Sunday. Zoe, thank you so much for joining us. A very eventful Sunday for the people of Guatemala. Could you take us through what happened? Why was there such a pushback against Bernardo Arrivalo's party and how was it overcome? Well, Sunday, January 14th was the day that Bernardo Arrivalo was set to be inaugurated as the next president of Guatemala. And as we've been covering on people's dispatch over the past several months, there have been numerous attempts to undermine his electoral victory to remind viewers he won the elections in Guatemala in August. Again, Sandra Torres, the former First Lady, his victory again was perhaps surprising to sectors of the ruling class that had long held control over power in Guatemala. And even before he won in the second round, they'd already begun to maneuver to prevent his victory. And then once he won, to really prevent him from being able to take power. And this carried on really up until he was sworn in, which didn't end up taking place on Sunday, January 14th. He was sworn in on the morning of January 15th, after hours of delays of different attempts of the kind of the last desperate attempts of the right wing coup supporting sectors to kind of thwart his ascension to power. They did this through a variety of ways. They had already tried to ban his party. And when the members of Congress were being sworn in, they tried to force members of Bernardo Arrivalo's party, Movimento Semilla, to be sworn in as independence. Of course, this would mean that within the Congress, they would not belong to Movimento Semilla. And this sort of weakens their power. And his power again, as president, if he has no party representation in Congress. This maneuver, however, was met with widespread rejection, both within the Congress and on the streets. Something that we've also reported on is that through all of these attempted coup measures, the indigenous movement, student movement, the movement against corruption in Guatemala has been really in support of defending democracy, defending his candidacy, and then defending his victory. So already there were people mobilizing on the streets, putting pressure on legislators to not allow this to go through. And this attempt to kind of subvert and again ban the Semilla party was reversed. And a member of his party actually won the presidency of the Congress. And many, many hours later on the morning of January 15th, Arrivalo was sworn in. Notably, his predecessor, Alejandro Di Amate, was not present, did not attend the soaring in ceremony. I think it's important to note just because he is definitely one of the people that was behind and was against an anti-corruption activist and politician being winning the presidency, having been accused of corruption himself, having benefited from the dismantling of the UN corruption investigation. So these are all really crucial elements. At the end of the day, the international delegations that were present for his inauguration put a lot of pressure on legislators. They all signed an open letter. This is including the representative of the Organization of American States, the representative of the European Union who are all present in Guatemala for this inauguration. And then, of course, the different heads of state from the region, Gustavo Petros and Amaro Castro. Gustavo Petro actually threatened to cancel his trip to Davos if Bernardo Arrivalo was not able to take office. He said that he wouldn't leave Guatemala until he's sworn in. Important to point out because Petro has also been, of course, under constant attack from the countries, from Colombia's right wing and has resisted these coup attempts on the streets with the people. So a turbulent last 24 hours as the president-elect, however he is now sworn in as president, he has thanked, for example, the indigenous communities that mobilized on the street that really were this rearguard in defending him and democracy in Guatemala. It's important to note as well that this is someone who is not, the US was one of the countries that was also calling on the right wing to back down and calling this an attempted coup. Arrivalo has already had a meeting with the US delegation. It looks like they're going to have very friendly relations. We know that the US is shifting its policy towards Latin America, especially Central America. Guatemala is one of the most populous countries in Central America and, of course, has been a key partner with the US in terms of its immigration policy. So these are all really key factors that we'll definitely have to keep looking out for. How does that evolve with his presidency? What kind of relationship is he going to have with the US? And how will that play out a positive relationship with the US? Guatemala, of course, has a torrid history of US intervention. So these are all key points to continue to look out for. And, of course, we know that like in all cases, the right wing and the coup-supporting right wing does not disappear after they fail. So that's something that will definitely continue to be there throughout his presidency. That will be a continued challenge for him to face these sectors that conspired using all branches of power at its disposal in an attempt to subvert democracy and undermine the elections. Thank you, Zoe, so much for that update. COVID-19 may no longer be headline-worthy news, but it continues to take lives. By the end of 2023, 7 million people had died due to the disease since it broke out. The WHO has warned against complacency and insisted that vaccine programs continue. We go to Anna to understand where we are at in the fight against COVID-19. Anna, thanks for joining us. COVID-19 is an issue we have not talked about for a long time on this show. In fact, it has quite disappeared from the headlines across the world. But the number is still very staggering, 7 million deaths by the end of 2023. Could you maybe first give us an overview of what the situation is with the pandemic regarding its spread? Well, despite the fact that COVID-19 is no longer in the news, it's very much around us. That's something that the World Health Organization made very clear in their beginning of the year address. As we enter, this is the 50th year of COVID-19. The health emergency, as we have known it in 2020, is of course over. But that doesn't mean that the disease is still not spreading. And as you pointed out, it's still killing people. So what we have seen over the last weeks is that there is a new variant, which is quite easily spread around. And thousands of people around the world are reporting problems, they're contracting the disease. We are seeing some numbers that in the times of a big pandemic would have meant a complete shutdown. We're not seeing that anymore because it's somehow people have grown accustomed to COVID-19, the governments have also. So what we are seeing is a much more relaxed approach to something that's still causing disease and making lives harder for people around the world. Now, also as you rightly pointed out, what the WHO said during this first press conference of the year is that the number of deaths that we have seen from COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic is incredible. So 7 million deaths. And that's probably underreported. So that's also something that the WHO is pointing out. And what they're saying is that, of course, you know, well, it's it's understandable that our approach to COVID-19 has now changed. That does not mean that people should not still be should not take precautions against getting infected. And of course, that governments should should should in fact continue to try and ensure that people can access protective equipment that they can get vaccinated and that they should should explain why people should get all the vaccine doses that they can. So the booster doses that are still there are very, very relevant still. Right. This brings us to the second question always associated with COVID-19, but also health in general, the question of inequities and how they're continuing continuing to sort of affect people. So how, you know, what is happening on that front? Has there been, you know, has the gap been bridged, especially when vaccines are concerned? Well, several reports in the last couple of weeks have pointed out that health inequities, if anything, have gotten worse since the pandemic and that the pandemic was just another, you know, one other layer on top of everything else that we were already seeing. In addition to people dying to poor people dying more of COVID-19 than rich ones, of course, we have also seen that across the world, the accessibility of COVID-19 vaccines is still very unequally spread. So, you know, while we're seeing that in many countries in the global south, people are still not reaching the vaccination rates that we would aim for, or that would have been aimed for during when the pandemic was news. On the other hand, we have a whole list of European countries that have destroyed millions and millions of vaccine doses over the last months because they have expired. So some approximations put a cost on billions of euros, essentially. And then when we look at how much European countries, countries of the EU have destroyed, it amounts to the health budget of some of the minor states in the EU. And this, of course, is likely to continue for a set of time because some of the agreement signed between the EU, the EU members and the vaccine manufacturers actually bind the European countries to continue buying the vaccines throughout years to come, although they're not using them. So what we're seeing, of course, is that people, the update is very slow. People are no longer interested. Governments are essentially no longer interested in tracking COVID-19 data. And that's likely to be a problem. But of course, you know, now we're coming back to the whole, to the set of problems, of health problems that were caused by health inequities already before the pandemic. We know that people are still struggling in the global north, in the global south, with cost of living crisis. Food prices make adequate nutrition out of reach for money. And essentially, the social problems that are increasing are also likely to continue influence health as well. Right Anna, thank you so much for that update. And that's all we have in this episode of Daily Deep Brief. We'll be back with another episode tomorrow. In the meanwhile, do visit our website peoplesdispatch.org and follow us on all the social media platforms.


Hello, everyone. Welcome to Options with Doug, streaming live daily on Bookmap Discord and the Bookmap YouTube channel at 1.30 p.m. Eastern Time. Before I get started, I need to go through the Disclosures, General Disclosure, all Bookmap Limit and Materials, Information, and Presentations are for educational purposes only and should not be considered specific, investment advice, nor recommendations. Riskless closure, trading futures, equities, and options involve substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. Here's my contact information. The best way to get in touch with me is through Discord. My name on Discord is Doug P. Also on Bookmap Discord, there's an option to dash Doug Chat channel that's a great place to post questions, comments, and content related to the topics in my presentation and the topics of the channel that I'll go through in just a moment. And though the Bookmap Discord is a large community of active traders, there's content on a wide variety of topics, wide variety of asset classes, including stocks, options, futures, crypto, and also a wide variety of languages. I'm also on X, formerly known as Twitter. My name there is at Doug Plus. Here are the key tenants of my approach to trading. This is the basis of my approach to trading. First of all, I believe options trades and market maker hedging activity are key drivers of price and many stocks and futures and definitely in the large cap tech stocks that I follow, as well as equity futures, the SB500 and NASDAQ. And also for the SB500, SPX is the underlying index. That's the SB500. SPY is the ETF version of that and ES is a derivative of SPX and SPY. So when traders buy and sell puts and calls in SPX and SPY, market makers take the opposite side of those trades and they have to hedge their delta exposure with ES futures. That's what they use for the SB500 to hedge their delta exposure. And the same for the NASDAQ 100, NDX is the underlying index. QQQ is the ETF version of that index. It's much more liquid and NQ is a derivative of NDX. And again, when traders buy and sell puts and calls in NDX and QQQ, market makers take the opposite side and they hedge their delta exposure with NQ futures. The focus of my presentation today and the focus of the options dash jug chat channel is options order flow, the impact of options markets on stocks and futures, and the influence of market maker hedging flow on price action. I have a two step process for trading at the first is planning and I use positional analysis. I look at how traders and market makers are positioned at the options market and how those positions change from day to day to develop a thesis regarding the expected trading range and volatility for the day as well as their directional bias. So I'm going to look at the levels of gamma weighted open interest and this is where I expect traders and market makers to react. I'm also looking at how these levels change from day to day to develop my thesis. For example, if the certain levels are going up higher day after day, that indicates traders are looking for and expecting and positioning themselves for higher prices. The second step in my process is execution. I look at real time order flow and book map and real time market maker hedging flow and spot gamma hero to confirm my thesis and for setups for entries and exits. And when I talk about setups today, I will be focusing on an underlying asset. And for example, for the SB 500 setups can be taken with ES futures, spy shares, spy spy options or SPX options or even ES options. Questions and comments are welcome. And I will be watching both the options dash Doug chat channel and discord as well as the chat and YouTube for your questions and comments. Please feel free to post and I'll do my best to answer your questions. All right, here's my agenda for today. Wednesday, February 21st. First of all, I want to go over news items, economic data events and earnings for today as well as the rest of the week. And then I'll go through my positional analysis. Then I'll review some setups earlier today and then I'll take a look at the live market. Let's start with news. There was a bond auction today, 20 year, I believe, 20 year note auction at 1pm. We'll take a look at the reaction to that initially bearish. And then at 2pm today, FOMC minutes come come out. So wherever I am in my presentation, I will stop and we'll take a look at the SB 500 to see if there's any reaction to the FM FOMC minutes. Also NVIDIA reports earnings after the market closes today. And I want to take a deep dive on NVIDIA before the earnings to see how traders or market makers are positioned in NVIDIA before the earnings. And we'll also take a look at the price action and what options traders are doing today in NVIDIA. And then just quickly for the rest of the week. Tomorrow, jobless claims come out at 8.30am Eastern Time, PMI data at 9.45am Eastern Time. Then there are a variety of Fed speakers throughout the week. So today is definitely the big day of the week for news. Alright, let's move on to positional analysis now and just to wrap up the news. This was the reaction to the to the bond auction. Initially bearish from VWAP that show them with a light blue line down to around 49.55. That is SPX 49.55 noted as a support level on the SPOT Gamma Amp Founders Note. So this is the EES Futures and Book Map. Before I take a closer look at this chart, I do want to step back and look at a larger time frame. And I'm going to go to the underlying index, which is SPX. I'm going to start with a one day chart. This is Think or Swim, a one day chart. Current rally for SPX began last year, October 30th. And from low to high was about 940 points. Alright, let's so that that gives us a bigger context that right now SPX is in this upper end of the range near the top of this rally. Looks like some consolidation after the call dominated options expiration last Friday. Alright, let's take a look now at a little bit shorter time frame. Let's go to a one hour chart so we can see the top of this price action, the rally. Here's that same diagonal line that I drew from the 1030 October 30th beginning of the rally. Note during this year, the call walls, I'll talk more about that in just a minute, have moved up from 4800 to 5100. That's where the call wall is now. Also note, this is the January expiration. Friday, January 19th options expiration call dominated options expiration. And that for that expiration price action was actually bullish. SPX broke out above the 4800 level and has gradually made it up to around 5050. Alright, let's take a look at levels on this chart. Now I'm going to zoom in a bit. First of all, the dashed horizontal blue purple lines are showing the lower and up weekly expected move. This is based on the options market. I update this once a week and these levels remain in place throughout the entire week. Then the dash blue lines are showing the lower and upper daily expected move. Also based on the options market, I update this once a day. This is based on the close yesterday. And I post both of these numbers in and discord bookmap discord in the options dash Doug chat channel the evening before. So I posted these numbers yesterday evening. And note SPX right now is trading within both those ranges closer to the lower daily expected move. Alright, so those are the expected moves. Now the other lines on this chart are spot gamma levels. These are proprietary spot gamma levels that are provided to subscribers shown on a variety of trading platforms. This is think or swim again a 30 day one hour chart. I'm going to point out the key daily levels. First of all, here's the put wall at 4800. That's a strike with large net negative gamma that can be expected to act as support. The next level up is the volatility trigger at 4995. That's spot gammas proprietary gamma and volatility flip level. Below that level market makers position on the gamma curve is negative in a negative gamma environment. Market makers have to trade with price to hedge their delta exposure. And that tends to enhance or increase volatility. On the other hand above that level market makers position on the gamma curve is positive. In a positive gamma environment market makers have to trade against price to edge their delta exposure. And that tends to decrease or subdue volatility and note that SPX is trading below that level. Just above that level that's the absolute gamma strike at 5000. That's a strike with large absolute positive and negative gamma. That's where most of the gamma weighted open interest is concentrated. And then above that is the call wall at 5100. That's a strike with large net negative positive gamma and that can be expected to act as resistance. So the put wall at 4800 the potential floor and the ceiling potential ceiling at 5100 the call wall. Note there was only one shift in level the put wall shifted higher from yesterday from 4500 up to 4800. All right let's finally let's take a look at the levels and play for today. We'll take a quick look at a one minute chart and not much not much to see here. That 4955 that I'll point out in just a minute right down here. This was noted in the spot gamma am founders note. I put that on my chart but it's not shown on this chart. So in the range today there are no SPX spot gamma levels in play mainly spy levels. All right so this is the book map chart for ES. Let me check for questions. All right Benjamin asked does book map need much RAM. I suggest going to the book map website bookmap.com and look up system requirements. My computer has 64 gigabytes of RAM and Benjamin says the heat maps don't load on your device. I can't read all that. I only have a free account so I think if you want to see full book map you probably need to subscribe to Glover Plus. And a free account will show crypto I believe and delayed data for stocks. And hello Caesar welcome Gladri here. All right so this is the ES futures in book map. I have my own cloud notes here so I can show SPX levels. There's that 4955 level that I was talking about. Noted as support in the spot gamma founders note. Here's the 4950 level that's not in play for today but that is below. That was also noted as support in the spot game I am founders note and note there is a difference in price between ES and SPX and today it is around 14 points. So I'm showing SPX 4950 at ES 4964. And actually I may be using 14.5. Let me just check on that real quick. No I am using 14. I may need to refresh. I changed it from 14.5 to 14 this morning and did not refresh. So now I'm showing the SPX levels at the correct location. So that 4950 now label has disappeared behind the spy level and that is at 4964 now and the 4950 to 5 level is at ES 4969. Also have spy levels on this chart. These two levels have been in play for today acting as support and resistance especially in the morning. There's the spy 495 volatility trigger also the 0 gamma level and above that is the 496 level. That's a large gamma 4 level. And this morning ES was peeing between these two levels. Very good range day trading taking shorts at 496 and long at 495. Alright so very narrow range today for the SMB 500. Again trading primarily between these two spy levels 495 and 496. So just about a 10 point range for most of the day so far except after the 1 p.m. bond auction. Alright shifts and levels again put wall for SPX shifted higher and for spy the volatility trigger shifted lower to 495 shown right here. Alright so minor shifts and levels for the SMB 500. Let's move on to NASDAQ. Alright NASDAQ I'm going to take a quick look at underlaw charts and the underlying index products for NASDAQ. I'm going to start with QQQ. This is a one-minute chart for QQQ. 425 level acting as resistance and that is large gamma 2 level. And then after the bond auction the 423 level acting as support. So pretty narrow range for NASDAQ as well but a little bit wider range than the SMB 500. Alright let's take a look at NDX the other underlying index product and here this this combo level 458 has been acting as resistance 17,458. Alright let's go back to book map. Alright so here's this level of resistance. Again I have my own cloud notes and book map so I'm showing NDX levels. There's that 458 combo 3 level that I just mentioned and also the QQQ 425 level large gamma 2. Both acting as resistance and good entry points for short and note each time those levels were tested. NQ was making a little bit lower highs and here's the lower daily expected move for NQ. NQ tested that level along with the QQQ 423 level just above that and then this is the lower weekly expected move. Alright so that's NQ futures in book map. We'll take a look at setups in just a few minutes. Alright for NDX the put wall did move lower and then for QQQ the volatility at trigger and put wall also moved higher lower so slightly bearish for NASDAQ. Shifts and levels slightly bearish. Alright let's finish up the positional analysis. We'll take a look at the gamma notional. We'll see how market makers were positioned on the gamma curve at the beginning of the day. So this is gamma notional market makers position on the gamma curve again at the beginning of the day for the S&P 500, NASDAQ and also 2000. All these numbers move lower from yesterday. Still this is neutral for SPX and slightly negative for SPY and then more negative for QQQ. So a negative gamma notional indicates that traders are on this portion of the gamma curve traders are long puts. Market makers are short puts and they have to trade with price to hedge their delta exposure and that tends to enhance or increase volatility. Alright let's take a look also at the Vantamodel in a negative gamma environment it becomes much more interesting. So what this chart is showing is market makers delta notional their delta exposure and how it may change with changes in price. That's shown by the light grid curve price only and then the purple curve adds implied volatility to the equation. That shows how market makers delta notional may change with changes in price and implied volatility. And that change in delta with the change in implied volatility is the Vant effect. Vant is the second order of greed. Alright let's take a look at some prices. So first of all just after that bond auction the low of the day for SPX was right around $49.54. So that's right around here. So what that's showing is if price drops implied volatility increases market makers delta notional will increase and they have to sell futures to hedge their delta exposure. On the other hand if price increases implied volatility drops they can buy back their short futures. Let's check on price now. SPX currently trading right around $49.64 so 10 points off the high of the day but still on this leftward this portion of the curve that is sloping upward from right to left. Let's take a look at SPY. SPY low of the day right around $494. Also on this portion of the Vant model sloping upward from right to left. SPY currently at $495. So just slightly down on this curve. QQQ low of the day $423. So just like yesterday pretty far up on this curve. Alright let's take a look at some setups now. And then again slow to Rossi points out FOMC minutes and at 2 p.m. so I've got about six minutes. Let's take a look at some setups. So first of all today I want to take a look at what options traders we're doing today. So everything that we've looked at so far other than bookmap is based on static data. Updated once a day. Open interest data. Spot gamma takes that applies their own proprietary algorithms to come up with the levels that I was showing. Now we're going to move on to execution. Look at real-time data. So what this chart is showing is the hero signal hedging impact real-time options. It's showing options trades and market maker hedging activity for a combined signal of SPX, SPY, XSP and ES futures all into one combined signal. The white line is price for SPX and the purple line is the hero signal. Again hedging impact real-time options. A rising hero line indicates traders are taking positive delta positions. They are buying calls and or selling puts. On the other hand a falling hero line indicates traders are taking negative delta positions and that means they are selling calls and or buying puts. So in the first case when traders take positive delta positions market makers take the opposite side. They have to buy ES futures to hedge their delta exposure and on the second case with a falling hero signal traders taking negative delta positions market makers take the opposite side and they have to sell ES futures to hedge their delta exposure. I'm going to zoom in now and I want to show that this is the total signal showing puts and calls. Right now I'm going to separate out puts and calls and I'm going to leave the chart like this for everything else that we take a look at. Alright so the orange line is showing calls. Rising orange line indicates traders are buying calls. This is why I want to leave the line. This when I shift from total to puts and calls and back it triggers this auto zoom function for one for some reason. Alright so I'm going to just leave it like this from now on. Take a look at a couple setups from this morning. So again orange line showing traders buy calls. Market makers sell the calls. They have to buy futures to hedge their delta exposure and the rising purple blue line indicates traders are selling puts. Market makers again take the opposite side and they have to buy futures to hedge their delta exposure. So what I want to focus on is a when both the blue line and the orange line are moving in the same direction. So that occurs first at 9.35 and second right around 10.30 and actually really gets going right around 11.05. Alright so let's go to book map now. Go back to ES. Got about two minutes. We'll take a quick look at this first setup. So we know that both the blue line and the orange line were moving in the same direction from about 9.35 to 10.05 and right here this was the best opportunity for a long entry right at the 4.95 level. That's spy 4.95. So even as the orange line and the blue line were moving up the same direction there was a deeper pullback to a level that I was looking for for a long entry. Note also before that large traders were coming in buying with iceberg orders that shown by the on-chart indicator and also the sub-chart indicator the rising light blue line and from that point that reversal at the 4.95 level. Note also the liquidity in the order book. There were a lot of buyers shown by the heat map in the order book. Those levels that that liquidity below those are limit buy orders and after that reversal at 4.95 ES makes a series of higher lows and then finally takes off up to 4.96. Alright so that was the long setup in the in the morning. It took took some patience.  So we'll wait on that and let's zoom in a little bit. So a quick ping between 4.95 and VWAP. Let's see what options traders are doing. So traders started buying puts right around 11.15. Looks like that still continues. Blue line falling. Call line pretty flat. So they could continue to buy puts. So in this situation I would be looking for looking for a short just based on hero here. Hello Stephen welcome glad you're here and reading the notes. Some concerned inflation progress could stall. Policy rate seen likely at peak. Some traders selling with iceberg orders. This is not big size at all but those are iceberg orders that shown by the falling light blue line. Also the on chart indicator. Let's go back see what options traders are doing. Still buying puts not doing much with calls. Let's check another signal. What this is is the mag 7 signal and what this is a combined signal for the stocks known as the Magnificent 7 that is Apple, Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft, NVIDIA, Tesla. Looks like there is a jumping price for for the QQQ. That's what this price is showing QQQ. But so far the hero signal is still bearish. Traders buying puts and selling calls and the mag 7 stocks. Let's go back to book map. So now our price is spiking higher. Excuse me just a minute. Alright so far the 495 support 496 resistance still in play. Still working as before. Day like today you just have to trust your levels with VWAP right in the middle. Let's go back to hero. So now it looks like I'm going to shift to a shorter look back period. So it looks like when this is right now my look back period is the entire day. And sometimes when it flattens out in the afternoon it's helpful to look at a shorter look back period. So now I'm just looking at the last 30 minutes of data. Zoom in on this a bit. So just after the release of the minutes. Initially there was a little bit of a bearish reaction. Then traders started selling puts buying calls. Let's go back to book map. So again same levels in play for today. 495 to 496. Alright I'm gonna move on to NVIDIA. We'll come back to this in just a minute. So first of all let's take a look at NVIDIA and book map. So again for those of you who may not be aware NVIDIA reports earnings after the market closes. That's what they're talking about on all the news outlets that cover business and financial news. What I want to do is kind of take a deep dive and see what how options traders are positioned in NVIDIA. So this is NVIDIA and at We Hub and I'm going to take a look at a variety of items here. First of all this is volatility skew. And typically for an index there's a pretty steep like the SB500 a pretty steep put skew and not much of a call skew. So that would be for SPY something like that. And what this chart is showing is volatility, heightened volatility for calls. And heightened volatility indicates higher prices. So when there's a demand for anything like calls price goes up implied volatility goes up. So this is showing a heightened demand for calls for NVIDIA. Let's take a look at the term structure. So this will show volatility by expiration and implied volatility is on the vertical axis here. This is showing implied volatility for Friday expiration. Remember for stocks there are expirations every Friday for most of the stocks that I follow. So that's the heightened implied volatility for expiration on Friday and then note the sharp drop in implied volatility. And that implied volatility no matter what happens will drop tomorrow. This is the fixed strike matrix. Note the green band here indicating that is for the Friday expiration for 23. Green band indicates heightened volatility across this band of strikes shown on the on the chart here. Let's also take a look at this risk reversal. And this is comparing the implied volatility of a 20 25 delta call versus 25 delta put. This is price shown by that kind of white gray line. And then this light purple line that's the risk reversal again comparing the price of implied volatility of a 25 delta call versus a put rising line indicates increased demand for calls. And that's over a period of time. Really from about three years worth of data. So this is most recent data. This risk reversal line has been rising and prices responded higher. When traders buy calls, market makers sell the calls. They have to buy stock to hedge their delta exposure. Finally, let's take a look at history. And this will show a history of the key daily levels for the last 10 days. This is today. And note the absolute gamma strike or the key gamma strike for stock and the call wall have remained the same. Key gamma strike at 700 call wall at 800 and the put wall did move higher from 575 to 600. All right. So in video, we know that there has been a very heightened demand for calls and that implied volatility will most certainly drop tomorrow. And Caesar asked, Have you ever seen such excitement, anxiety over one single earnings report like Nvidia today? Feel like the interest overt is incredibly high. No, I don't think I have ever seen interest in one earnings report like this Nvidia. Nvidia has been kind of the ring leader of the AI stocks. And certainly the market leader for the last few months. All right. So let's take a look at hero for Nvidia see what options traders are doing today. And I'm going to shift back to a one day look back period. All right. So what this is showing is that traders have been selling calls all day. And they've also been selling puts that shown by the positive notional value there. But at that line is pretty flat. And the notional value is right around 47 million for puts positive versus minus 537 million for calls. Traders definitely selling calls today, taking advantage of that heightened volatility for calls and selling calls. All right. Let's go take a look at book map and video chopped around pretty much in the morning and then drop pretty sharply right at noon. Let's go back and see what options traders were doing. And I really don't see anything here in hero that would have led to that that sharp drop in price. Pretty much a steady downtrend in the call signal. And at that time they were also buying puts. All right. So there's Nvidia now trying to make a comeback. Or let's go back to the S&P 500. Still back in that narrow range. Let's take a look at NASDAQ. And for NASDAQ this morning I thought the signal was definitely more clear than the S&P 500. Let's go back to hero. I want to go to the Mag7 signal. So again, this is a combined signal for the stocks known as the Magnificent 7. And this often looks a lot like Nvidia. Nvidia is definitely a driver price for the Mag7 and thus the NASDAQ itself. All right. So traders after just about 10 minutes after the open, they started selling calls in the Mag7 stocks.  I have started looking at this signal for trading the NASDAQ rather than rather than the signal for NASDAQ itself. We can take a look at that. This combines NDX and QQQ. All right. So they have been overall in the NASDAQ selling puts and selling calls called sellers a little bit more aggressive. Let's go back to Mag7. And let's take a look at, first of all, let's zoom in on this just a bit. Short set up, oops, short set up right around 945. Blue line, orange line moving in the same direction down, sets up a short 940, 945. And also a short set around 10.05. Traders start selling calls again. Put line flattens out. Right. So 940, 945 and 10.05 shorts. We'll zoom in. Oh, it was around 940. So there's the first short right around 940. Good for about 50 NASDAQ points from 500 down to 450. Here's the 10.05 set up a little bit more clear resistance at the 458 level and the 425 level that I talked about before as NQ made a series of lower highs. Right. Looking beyond the levels at the clues in book map here. No cumulative volume delta falling. Also sell stop orders fueling that move lower slight drop in the yellow line showing stop orders. And again for the second short cumulative volume delta dropping. Also the yellow line continues to fall showing sell stop orders again. And also the light blue line showing large traders selling with iceberg orders as traders were selling calls in the mag seven stocks. Right. So to oops, sorry about that. Turn that off. All right. So it looks looks like NQ heading back down towards the lower daily expected move. Also QQ Q 424. Let's go back and check. Check hero. All right. So the put line is flat. Traders have been selling calls pretty consistently. Looks like now. Let me be buying calls. Let's go take a look at the SB 500. So far continued to buy puts. Not doing much with calls. Let me check for questions. All right. Just an ask is level two and a broker the same as using book map? Well, it depends on what form the level two data is supplied. If it's just in a, well, I would say no. Book map presents data in a unique way that helps you to interpret order flow. So book map is using that data to to present the order flow in a very graphical form that helped you to to make trading decisions. So Steven says he doesn't think so. I agree. All right. Let's go back to book map. Yes, continues to trade in a very narrow range between 495 and 496. Let's take a look at one other stock. Amazon was also in the news. It will be added to the Dow Jones industrial average on Monday, replacing Walgreens Boots Alliance. Let's see what options traders have been doing today in Amazon. So net for the day they are buying calls. Not doing much with puts. Let's just take a look at the total signal. So slightly positive for the day. Really not much to see there. Oh, the one thing I let's go back. Let's go back to Amazon. One thing I meant to point out was the reversal at the 170 call wall 170 the call wall key gamma strike and acting as resistance as expected. Here's the 170 call wall acting as resistance. Good entry point for short. Good for a couple points in Amazon. Let's go back to ES now. So ES now breaking below that 495 level. Let's take a look. See what options traders have been doing. Make sure on one the full day look back period. So meant a bit. So they continue to buy puts. Let's go back. Let's go to 30 minutes. Right. So that does provide more clarity for sure. So just looking at the last 30 minutes of data providing a very clear signal. The initial move higher quickly reversed. Trader started selling calls buying puts blue line orange line moving in the same direction. And that's definitely bearish. Let's go back to book map. So hero shifts bearish as ES reaches that spy 496 level that it has acted as resistance earlier in the day. Pullback entry short. Now breaking below the 495 level and below the lows of the day for the cash session. Next levels below the 4950 level noted as supported in spot gamma am founders note and the spy 494 level and Steven thank you for your detailed answer to the level two data question. So thanks for your help Steven. So quick ping from 495 up to 496 resistance trader start selling calls buying puts and ES moves lower. Let's go back to hero. All right. So both the blue line orange line continue to move in the same direction down. I've got a couple minutes left. Does anyone have any stocks they want me to take a look at. And we'll watch this 495 level see if it acts as resistance down. Some large traders are fading this little move higher with iceberg orders shown by the law of falling light blue line. Alright. A boo wants to look at in queue. Then we'll come back and check if that 495 level will act as resistance in queue more bearish today. Now in queue trading below its lower daily expected move and lower weekly expected move. So back out. So for the day. In queue has been making a series of lower highs. Now breaking below this 450 level which acted as support before multiple tests below that level now. Now breaking down. Alright. So there's in queue. Alright. Let's go back and watch ES watching to see if ES makes it up to 495. See if that acts as resistance for a PSS your SPX gamma level is 4955 4960 4955. This is the 4955 level noted as support in the spot gamma founders note and then just below that is the 4950 level that's shown by the white line there. The label is obscured by the spy 494 level. Both levels noted as support in the spot gamma founders note and note there is a difference in price between ES and SPX 14 points. So the offset between SPX and ES is 14 points. Let's go back to hero. Alright. So traders now are starting to buy calls and sell puts. Alright. I'm going to go ahead and wrap it up. My time is up. So it looks like overall the reaction to the FOMC minutes was bearish for both the ES and NASDAQ. So if anything interesting happens I'll post it in discord this afternoon. Alright everyone. Thank you for watching. Thanks for your questions and comments and tomorrow we will talk about the Nvidia earnings. Alright. Thanks everyone. Have a great afternoon and I will see you tomorrow. Bye.


Mamba VP mandi, performasi me kwa noma, kila mtu me enjoy, but we personally intergani bulezexperienciya kumifila aji kusuleo. Ili kwa poa sana, loved the crowd, loved the sound, loved the DJ, DJ, DJ, ya ili kwa poa? Of course, kitomba msa nia na tamani sana nifuona, watona, associated nangoma zaku. Na kwa kutangoma ya kwanza mpaka ya moshubabili, kila mtu na vibe on a singa lung. We welcome our artist, do kitomba zaku na kuskumo nila kufanya kazi na uonech kulia VP reception na ma fans. Naipenda, although this is not my first singa lung, so I have so many, but I think this one is the most monumental, the most... Nazo, I don't even miss kuzo na twengi sana. And I love it, I love seeing people enjoying my music, clubbing my vibes. Na penatotu ki ima na utu ki dance for water. Next one, of course Lopia nilei 4 ya Nairobi Festival. County na jaribu kuleta vibadi ma moda na kufi expose kwa atu. What do you have to say about the entire setup na kusabu kuna tumigi puna, keta ring mo kachakula mo wea art na kila kitu? What's your general opinion about the entire event? I think it's a good initiative, just to drive traffic into the creative art, which is something that's not looked into in this country, but I love it, it boosts the economy. Tu kama kuna vendors, ni names, ya kuna art. Aneza kushu case kama mimi. So I think it's an initiative. E 31st during year festive seasons, kusabu kaba utu kapio tumbe wa toa wa enjoy VP, wa kusafu and staff ma fans wago. Tumbe plans ako ni gani utu kwa in this country, e this holiday zamoa uko. Ni konje pala unguaro, international flight pala kawanguare. But for this festive season, I just really want everyone to take care of themselves, be cautious. You don't have to drink and drive. If you have to drink, find a driver, get a taxi, so many ways. And to the ladies, please look out for each other. This is when we lose a lot of women and so many bad things happen to us. So just look out for each other, walk in groups or in pairs. Stay safe and be blessed. And we hope to see you next year. Nani na India? Ya, but speaking of next year, of course so many of the best rappers in Kenya. We're one of the best rappers in Kenya. Next year we are the best rapper in Kenya. Ya, my bad. Tumbe next year ma pangiyamu fans wako ni ni, especially kusabu this season umu waspo el sana, the bao me ye kaha elas momen tenku ne. Next year I'm going to be doing a lot of rap. I have an EP compilation I'm supposed to drop next week. But moving into the year, I think I'm going to maybe delve into more collaborations and maybe new sounds. Kuna sigine taris, shama lizo collaborations, nuna yas okati potehare ui. Bado, bado, bado. Bado nafkiri, alas mani chagu, I'm very meticulous with my collaborations. I don't just sing with anyone. Okay, theoretically, kabla ni potehare ui deswali. Ni kolabombazo unafkiri sana, siyama nijekapsa usyama liza na wakiris. Ah, both. Both, both me welcome. Internasional li kikuja tuna biga, but I still have a few people I'd love to work with and also others I'd love to work with again. Nuna.  From me, thank you all the best. Of course, on it, mona preda mekona, ani waka mani waka expecting to see you on it. I was on it. Two songs. This year, this question again this year. This year, yeah, 2024. We have a new president. We have so many things going on. We even had an Elino. You're still asking me this question. No, we work well together. That's it. I don't have anyone.  Let's just make music. People happy. Let's not lose sight of why we are here. Let's not make this thing so political. Mio naatu wa naimba. Wata li, ne gengeto, ni apanto, ni gigosho, ni nene. They're just happy to be there. And I think we've had too much politics, too much negative critiques, too many opinions over music for so many years. Let's just all shut up and make the music. Let it be. But speaking of that, kuna, Vince on the beat, kama wana mduwa, kwa kwa niki pilon chiaki, na tuwa nimbona, ni ngezi na ikemiwa kwa hi hip-hop sana. Tumana ni kakukumboka. Uma iskiza bengina, kuna favorite track. Yo, tebali. I haven't had a chance to settle down in iskiza. I recommend. But, ni me iskia, ni me iskia recommendation, but na penda kuskiza albums, kanime, tuliyandionia zekum process, vizuri. Ni me iskia ron. Yukweli aron. Inaizakua, but I hold into my mind. I love those guys so much. Nandia manana sema, ikitu ina fat, wachetuku. Politi size sana, let us make music. Let's make people happy. It's a tough time to live in. We don't need those old, kweni bits original, kweni ninininininina. We don't need those things. Let's just make music, make people happy. So many gospel artists saying hymns of the Bible. We don't go and tell them right your own things, you get. Hotaa een patatis! We create it many times as we can Two or three time warming Mirazu Hay kwa awe ja common, we also think, when someone goes all by himself, the cold water there seems sweat Thank you for wasting so Musik脚 t obstacles on how to give courage to the country Ew, kwa ziko nkain salis Good going to get some If I like it Collectingход AFAAitudes want to create your apps and the Sri Ly laughter So I think lets us all keep quiet Kility wa such can do if I come back and say성이 to recreate it Hata kata, atasema enya eletsri, incarnate this beautiful thing we did and do it a different way. Let's stop being so critical about our art, our creative industry. It's why we've stagnated for so many years. Let's just keep quiet and enjoy the music. Let's stop the negative comments in the fixation. Yoi ishe tu. Thank you so much. Thank you. We appreciate her. Happy new year, Namiya. Happy birthday. January 1st. Sawa.