n, I just am putting that out there with the caveat that I'm not speaking for them. I think that it may be worth asking but in terms of making that decision tonight I don't think it would affect their particular plans. And I will say we do have the developer on the line as well, Matt Tooney who might be able to shed light on that as well. Oh good because that's great. Thank you, better than than me. Okay. Yeah, Mr. Tooney if you're on the line and you'd like to respond to that now since we are doing questions from council I'd be happy to have you respond to that question. Welcome. Thank you. I wasn't sure the process here so I just kind of raised my hand there. There you go, that's the process. Better safe than sorry. Yeah, well I mean first thanks to everybody. Staff, Bonnie, Lee, Ryan and Matt I mean a lot of work has been put into this project and it's exciting. It seems to be moving quickly and I think a good direction. I want to just answer that question specifically on the Unicown and council member Browns your answer was exactly point on it is very complex. The financing and the feasibility is going to dictate a lot of this. That said, you know this is still I mean you've seen the site plan that is really the extent of the planning so far. It's still somewhat of a blank slate. We're open to looking at potentially doing more units. I mean at the end of the day, this is I totally have heard in talking to stakeholders and members of the community that comment about why not do more and that's a very valid question and we understand the opportunity and that the site should produce as much housing as it can. That said, it's got to, you know it has to work from a financing standpoint and there's some, you know work through that we need to do in that regard. The height of the building is also of a, you know we need to make sure we're working with the church next door and just by way of a little background there. My partners and I, you know, we were the same developers that did 1010 Pacific which was kind of the reason that we've first identified the parking lot with the church side as an area of opportunity and got into discussions with the church and we're very appreciative of their involvement and their input on this. But the, you know, the height of the building that's going to be a new, you know that's going to be a new neighbor for them. So shading and, you know that has been a consideration. So we're open to looking at it 75 or a hundred where my thought is that it's going to end up being the right amount regardless. So that cap, I think it's up to you guys. While I have the floor, can I just make one comment? Yeah, thanks Matt. And I've been, all the comments and questions have been really helpful. The one, and we're very excited about the project providing this type of housing is obviously super needed. The parking comments have all been well, you know, I appreciated all those. The one condition that we want to make sure that we have a little more discussion on and perhaps have the opportunity to really digest and understand is the condition number four regarding the Paseo. We absolutely view that as a, you know the opportunity to provide a Paseo there with, you know, the access points and supporting the downtown plan with circulation and pedestrian access. All is, you know, makes total sense. It can be a real amenity to the project.  It could be a very nice attractive feature for that part of town. The, getting back to the finances and the complexity were very concerned just on the cost to improve it. Our finance modeling today has not included any cost to improve it. I guess, you know, this is our, our perception or the way we envision the project, that strip of land being a city on land, city on peace. We were thinking and, you know, right wrong or different that that was gonna be, we were saying clear of it and the city would be improving it. We don't have, we haven't included our budget to do that. So that's a real concern to us to work. And at this point, I don't even know what is involved with it as a cost. And is it a, is it a vehicular, is it just pedestrian? You know, there's so many questions that that condition is, is a concern to us. So I'll leave it with that. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Tiny. I have Council Member Golder and Council Member Calantari-Johnson. I just have a question regarding what you just said. So Matt, this is for Matt. So does that, I just wonder with that Paseo in place, does that affect whether the project would happen or not if it was there? It's again, tough to tell. I can tell you that the finances right now, we're actually, you know, we've started to relook at them. There's a number of different, you know, call it balancing acts that take into place. The amount of affordability, I mean, the project's 100% affordable. That's a given. The amount of affordability on the, you know, call it the supportive housing component at 20%. You know, there have been, the numbers that we're looking at makes it, it appears difficult to make the project financeable. We've looked at raising the 30 to the, call it the very low or the supportive housing slightly higher. So we're still, and so the short answer is we are still running numbers. Construction costs are coming in higher. In general, the numbers are very challenging. And so in short, putting on, I mean, Paseo could easily be, you know, a half a million dollars. I mean, I know that sounds like a lot, but with drainage and paving and, you know, getting the grading section in there and so forth, the dollars can mount up very quickly. That would make the project definitely unfeasible. Yes. Now, there may be things that we're doing along the Paseo that would qualify as improvements anyways. Landscaping, you know, along the building edge. I've talked to Bonnie who's been very helpful about talking about the, you know, some programs to perhaps have murals, you know, painted on the walls or facades facing the Paseo. So there's things that may be done with the project that in a sense provide some of the improvement, but the ultimate cost is definitely a question. Thank you. Council Member Calantari-Johnson. Yes, thank you. And thank you so much, Mr. Tuning, for being here and responding to questions and bringing up some of your areas of concern. This is a question to your staff around the Paseo. Is there opportunity during the design process to work with the applicants and find some kind of solution that would be agreeable and not be an impactful cost constraint for the developers, for the applicants? Yeah, certainly that's something that would have to be worked out more during the design review process, since what we've received so far is so preliminary and we haven't worked extensively with the applicant on the design or bill with that Paseo condition yet. So that would be worked out further in the process. Do you have anything more to add on that, Lee? Sure, I would just say that, yes, you know, there isn't a design at this point and, you know, we as a city would be cognizant of kind of the several various factors. You know, one, we want to make sure that this is a high quality environment for our downtown. At the same time, we'd be recognizing that, you know, this is an affordable housing project that we want to make happen. And so, you know, as we work through with public works on those design elements, how can we balance those factors along with various other things like public safety and accepted community crime prevention through environmental design principles and, you know, from a security perspective, you know, working with them to understand, working with police and public works to understand, you know, should that be gated or, you know, and, you know, only allow daytime access, you know, there are a lot of different details, but certainly, you know, one of those factors is the cost and understanding how we can get the biggest bang for our buck in terms of, you know, not burdening the project too significantly while also creating a great public space. Council Member Brown and then Council Member Cummings and Jessica DeWitt with staff, did you want to comment on that, Jessica? Add that I'm not sure what the developer's planning in terms of project-based section eight. I know we were in contact with the Housing Authority for the Metro project. I think that this developer has also been in contact with the Housing Authority and if there's a possibility to ask Royal Request more housing vouchers, in which case the developer could essentially ask for a larger mortgage, a conventional mortgage, because they can show more to pay debt. So possibly that's one way to generate a few more bucks to be able to put towards the Paseo. Or again, I don't know what the developer is assuming for paying for impact fees or any of the other fees that are coming for permitting, but if they are requesting a waiver or any kind of a deferral, possibly those funds could be reallocated towards Paseo improvements, just some thoughts out there to throw a file. Thank you. Okay, I had, let's see, I think I'll take Council Member Brown and Cummings questions and then Mr. Tenney, I'll turn back to you for any responses. Yeah, I just wanted to advocate for, or at least express my support for trying to find ways to ensure that the improvements for this particular Paseo not be so onerous as to potentially compromise the project. And I'm not suggesting that's anybody's intention here, but it seems to me this is, we approve many projects and we don't necessarily, we don't necessarily get the same public benefit out of those projects because of the affordability, the deep affordability and the supportive housing in this case. So I guess the question with that is, is there something that the city council could or should do in terms of direction to try to make that happen? Or will we just kind of hear back if there's a problem at some point? I'm just trying to kind of trying to figure out how to proceed to do everything we can to support this. I think we're all on the same page in terms of wanting to help make affordable housing happen. And we want great spaces in our downtown as well. They don't have to be mutually exclusive, but sometimes they can be competing interests. Certainly if you maximize the programming and the materials quality within that Paseo, you could go up substantially higher than $500,000 I would say. But I think there are things that we can do to minimize those costs. And that involves the program or that involves coordination with FIRE, for example, to say, hey, well, does this have to be an EVA or can we just program it as pedestrian access? So the accurate work is less expensive. So I think that we've got that everyone's mutual interest of making the project happen in mind. And I think if there were issues, then there wouldn't be anything that would preclude us from seeking advice later on down the line. But I do think with public works and with planning and with economic development, we'd all be balancing those factors. And I think Jessica chimed in with some ideas that she's got a lot of knowledge around to the extent that the developer wants to work with our economic development department on exploring additional financing options or additional ways to generate additional revenue. I think there are a lot of different ways in which we can work with the applicant to make sure that the project happens. Really quickly, I don't wanna take too much time on this, but I just wanna say, so some of the things that you're raising, Lee and I, and I'm in no way suggesting that the intention here is to make it more difficult for this particular developer, but it's the first time I've heard of the idea of should it be a locked gauge, we've approved developments with Paseo's and never has that been come up. And maybe that's because the DevCon development that was approved, the Riverfront project is taking care of that, or I'm just not sure, it just seems to me that it sounds like there could be a double standard and I know that's not what the intention is, but I just wanna make sure that we're thinking about that because there are similar issues with Paseo's than other parts of the downtown, I guess, and other developments that are happening that are market developments. Sure, well, I'll say that the intent there was actually to help the developer save money in that if they're concerned about long-term maintenance costs, having that kind of infrastructure in place could actually create lower costs over the long term in terms of maintenance if they're not having to deal with vandalism or other issues that could happen when maybe there aren't as many eyes on the Paseo. That was the intent there of mentioning that, not to add costs or make it more challenging, it's actually to make it easier for them. And so, but that was just thrown out of the net yet. Literally, we haven't had discussions about the design of this Paseo. It is early in the process. I mean, you saw the plan that they provided, that is literally all we've got at this point. And so, there haven't been any real conversations about how that Paseo would be designed. And it looks like Bonnie might wanna jump in on it. Yeah, thankfully, I just wanted to add to that, that regarding the Paseo, obviously we have a Paseo between our two affordable housing projects, the Metro, Pact South and Pact North. And there are a variety of grant opportunities for affordable housing that really are more competitive when you include some public elements to them. So we'd be happy to work with Mr. Tooney on, some of the actual grants that we're applying for for our project and really be creative on how to move forward, at least with the draft concept plan. Because I think the reality for us in the downtown, we know that we need to plan for these areas for these Paseos. We can't leave them without some public improvements that really look at the environment and lighting and landscaping. So we wanna work with the developer to really address this in a way that's not cost prohibitive. Great. Council member Cummings, do you have another question? Yeah, question slash comment, because I think you all really helped me clarify kind of what to look for. So I mean, just thinking about the agenda report that we have, you know, really this is a resolution that's establishing this policy to authorize increases in the use by right limits for these two projects, which is supportive housing developments that comply with the requirements set forward in this Assembly Bill 2162. And so it seems like based on conversation that, you know, ultimately the final design of this project hasn't been determined, nor has it been determined from the Metro. And so by approving this tonight, we're really, you know, providing this opportunity for them to create these two projects under this Assembly Bill, increase the number of units, and the staff is gonna be working with the developer to try to figure out, you know, what's the best design that's gonna work for this area. And it sounds like that's also gonna require working with public safety and public work. So is that a correct assumption of kind of where we're at because it seems like we don't really need to get, if that's the case, we don't need to get the details around, you know, conditions of approval around high to say, or what have you, because that's gonna be worked on as the design of the building gets completed. Correctly. We did include the conditions for the design under the policy for the Calvary project, just because it was so early. And we wanted to ensure that, you know, things were being looked on through the process because it will be a more streamlined process if this is approved. So we did include those conditions for that reason, but yeah, essentially there's definitely still time to work with the applicant through these issues. So I guess if that, if for example, that's the case, then if the Paseo condition seems to prohibit the project from moving forward, would that mean it would need to come back to council and we need to remove that? Or how would we be able to make sure that it can continue moving forward that becomes a cost prohibitive feature? That condition would be under this policy currently. So if the project were to continue to use the supportive housing policy, it would have to come back for that condition to be removed. If need be. Yeah, if I might, it sounds like we've got, we've got a little bit of more work to do on the actual project. And this won't be the last time that we see this. Was there any questions, more questions for Mr. Tooney before we move to public comment? I think we've answered everything. Mr. Tooney, thanks for joining us tonight. And as we deliberate, we may have more questions. So just hang on if you would till we're all through. Thanks. Okay, I will take it out the public comment now. I'm showing two people in our queue here who want to comment on the project or on this item, excuse me. The first person will be with the phone number ending in 4892. And you should be unmuted shortly. Hi there, go ahead. Oh yeah, this is Tim Willoughby speaking for Portable Housing Now. And just going to reiterate some of the things in our letter. This is very exciting to see these proposals under 2162, taking advantage of that. It's the streamlining process makes these projects more affordable. And if you're doing 100% affordable housing project, that's really important. The other thing I wanted to point out was that this is possible, 100% affordable housing project like this is a possible because of the Calvary Church. You can build 100% affordable on city land, but otherwise you need someone like the Calvary Church to put up the land to make it affordable. So they should be commended for this very important contribution to making this work for a very important project. So anyway, it sounds like council is all for this. Thank you for moving it forward. Thank you, Tim. The next person is at the last four digits is 1810. And you should be unmuted shortly. Yeah, this is Garrett Phillips. Despite some confusion by proponents that this is an up-down vote on affordable housing, what is before you is the question of whether to greatly enlarge the state's generous 50 unit used by rights zoning law. That housing is called supportive housing, but I call it exclusionary housing, not low cost or affordable housing because many people are excluded as a permanent requirement. Much is made of AB 2162 allowing this under certain conditions, but not so much why AB 2162 can also disallow this. There's a city size limited to $200,000 and homeless census max limited to 1500, which seem to be very dull deciders considering the city size and homeless count can vary by an order of magnitude. Are these limits independent or are they related? More importantly, why are these disqualifier limits there at all? As we know there are the reasons to have some public housing. AB 2162 doesn't convey its thinking, but that reasoning is the same as the answer to the question before you. Logically, I speculate the reasoning was that for small cities that have too many homeless or poor people on assistance, dense use by right welfare projects should be disallowed because it would turn the city into an excessive automatic permanent dense cesspool future slum of government dependence on any relaxation relative to its size. 200,000 and 1500 are somewhat arbitrary numbers. Suppose it was 100,000 and 750, the same ratio. This city would not qualify. Are there really only 1200 homeless in Santa Cruz? You can't be sure. Skid Row and LA isn't there by a random chance. It's where the affordable ghetto flexes and homeless services are. Santa Cruz is pretty much exactly the kind of city AB 2162 intended to exclude from outside UBR permanent welfare housing. Outside welfare, buddy, economy of the poor. Permanent UBR higher density than even asked for, subsidized housing approval is before you. At a minimum 1.9% of the population, there's little doubt Santa Cruz City already has county dump owners for the homeless and also a little doubt it already shoulders more than its county share. The reasons are examined, but I suspect it is because services for the poor, the homeless, the cottage and non-profit industries are codependent on servicing them and have a proliferating alliance with a pro-government dependency run city government only just here. Thanks, bye. The next caller has phone number ending in 2527. You'll be unmuted shortly. You should be able to, do they need to, oh, there you are. Mayor, can I hear me? Yes, I can. Thank you. Hi, my name is Phil Boutel and I just wanted to call out thanks to council member Watkins who highlighted the kind of the future vision for downtown which is a walkable neighborhood where we provided enough amenities that people maybe don't need to own as many cars as they do living in our distant neighborhoods where there's just houses. So I'm glad you brought that into the conversation about parking. And just in general, I encourage council to consider at this level approving a higher level of units, perhaps the 100 or somewhere around there to give the applicant more flexibility so that should they need that, we don't lose the amenities that would come with it such as the Paseo or other things. I think whether it's 75 or 100, I think this is gonna be a great project. And I encourage you to just give them that flexibility early on and if they need to negotiate with the church later about heights or views, let's again give the applicant that flexibility so this project can be better for our downtown. Thank you. Thank you. Is there anyone else on the line that is speaking to comment on the project tonight? I'm seeing no one. So I'm gonna turn it back to council. I see council member Contari Johnson. I'll recognize you. So we're gonna be deliberating and coming to final decision. Yeah, go ahead, Shebra. Great, thank you. Thank you again for staff reading this before us and for Mr. Tooney. And thank you, Mr. Willoughby, for pointing out on the credit due to Calvary Church for their role in making this project a possibility. I'm really excited that this is gonna be one of the first agenda items that I get to vote on, 100% affordable housing in our downtown, creating a culture of walkable communities. I hear and understand the concerns of the applicants and I think there's some great ideas by staff and I think we can really work together to find a way that this condition around the Paseo will not be a burden on the applicants. I also think this is an ideal location and moving it up to 100 units as a buffer for us to have some flexibility to explore and not to make it a condition of approval, but again, just for us to explore. So I think with that, I would like to make a motion to approve staff's recommendation with the increase in the maximum number of units on the Cedar Street project from 75 to 100, noting that this is an option council encourages the applicant to explore, but that it is not a requirement for approval of the project. And also ask that staff work with the applicants on the design for the Paseo that's mutually agreeable to the city and the applicant. And if an agreement can't be reached, the applicant may come back to council before the discussion. Thank you. We have a motion on the floor and council member coming to you. Sorry, I couldn't, you want to second it? Okay. Okay. We have a motion by council member, Contari Johnson, seconded by council member coming to increase the limit of to 100 units for the Cedar Street project and maintaining the staff recommendation for the PAC South project. I'll just look to see if there's any other comments from council members. I do have a comment I'd like to add in. Council member Watkins, I think you do have a comment on the project again or I saw your hand up or read it again. I'm looking to second, but I appreciate this direction and the flexibility and option associated with it. And just also, you know, just reminding the community and those who may be watching about just sort of that holistic picture of our vision for our downtown and how these projects interact with each other. And together, they kind of fit that puzzle piece to make it all really work for a more affordable and sustainable community. So I'm looking forward to hopefully seeing this go through and some more affordable housing in our community. Yeah, and I'll just add in before we take the vote this evening that I really appreciate the applicant coming and Mr. Tune, thanks for being here tonight. Yeah, I think this is a night that many of us sort of imagine may or may not ever come. There's a lot of doubt in our community that we would actually get a project at the end of the year. We actually get a project at the location there near the Calvary Church. A lot of suspicion that maybe we wouldn't get the Metro projects together. I'm really excited that in one night, we're doing a lot of significant affordable housing approvals, which I hope sends a message to everyone in our community that we are committed to this and that we are not just talking, but we are actually doing. So I'm very excited. And I wanna just thank Mr. Tune for investing your resources in our community and also recognize Calvary Church. I've met with those folks off and on over the last couple of years and always suspected that we would have a project coming at some point. So it's exciting to be here tonight. I also, I guess just, I didn't speak much when we were doing questions, but I'm supportive. I understand the need to try to maximize our units, but I'm also very aware of the design aspect to our community. And so I think we will have a signature project also across the street with the new library and providing parking that's gonna be needed in downtown as well as affordable housing on that project as well. I think it's really important. And I do support actually the three story height that Mr. Tune is proposing in his project. I think we have some, the Calvary Church is really a landmark in our community. It's a very, very unique piece of architecture. And then we have all the wonderful little cottages just directly across the street. And I think scale is really important when we're thinking about our downtown. And I really support sort of the variable kinds of outcomes that we can find in this area. So I just kind of put that out personally. And I do think that the sale is a real opportunity and I do support that our staff, thank you for your motion. Council member Contari Johnson, because I do think that that direction provides that continuum of trying to create something that is beneficial and doable by the applicant. So I just wanted to add those comments tonight. And if there's no other comments by council members, I'll go ahead and call for the roll call vote, please. Council member Watkins. Aye. Calentari Johnson. Aye. Brown. Aye. Cummings. Boulder. Vice Mayor Brunner. Aye. And Mayor Meyers. Aye. So that motion was by council member Calentari Johnson. It was seconded by council member Cummings and the motion passed unanimously. So thank you and thank you, Mr. Tooney for being here. And also thank you to our staff and economic development for your work on continued work on Metro South and also to our staff at the planning department to really helping Mr. Tooney bring the project forward as quick as it did. So we appreciate your work, Matt, Lee, our whole team. So you guys are suddenly seeing lots of housing popping up. So thank you, Mr. Tooney. Good night. Okay, we are on to our final item tonight, which is the advisory body appointments and reappointments. For members of the public who are streaming this meeting, now is the time to call in if you want to comment on items 21 through 31, the advisory body appointments and reappointments. Instructions are on your screen. Please remember to mute your streaming device, press star nine to raise your hand and listen for the cues saying you have been unmuted. I'd like to call on the city clerk to explain the nomination and appointment process. Thank you, Mayor. You will start on a rotating basis with a council member who will then state their nomination up to the amount of openings to that particular commission. So for example, if one has two openings, you only need to state up to two nominees. If a council member before you has already stated someone that you were going to, you don't need to name them, they're already considered nominated. And that's it. And then we'll do a roll call vote at the end of each one. Okay, thank you. I have a question, just a clarification, Bonnie or Martine Bernal, if you're available. There was one advisory committee, which we received only two applicants for, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. And committee, excuse me, I believe that it would be appropriate for us to potentially look to trying to obtain some additional applicants for that. And I'm wondering if a motion's appropriate right now to put that committee, particular committee back out for re-advertisement to try to recruit some more applicants. Is it now the time for that, Bonnie, or should we do that when that committee is actually being voted on? You could do that now, but I would recommend before we move in to do public comment, so that you do public comment on all of them as a whole instead of each one individually. Okay, great. But then you could move into a motion to defer, we can re-advertise for that particular committee. Okay, great. So we will go ahead and take, so we should take public comment now on this item and then we'll start council deliberation. Council member Cummings, did you have a question? I had a quick question. Thank you for a process, because I know in the past, council members for the commission for the prevention of violence against women, individual council members get to make an appointment. And so I'm just kind of curious, is that, does that... That's still the case. Okay, so council member. Yeah, when we get to that, you have, we have four openings. We have, well, yeah, we'll explain that. So we have four appointments to be made. Okay, thank you. Okay. Okay, we'll go ahead and take this item out to public comment. I'm looking at members of the public in our queue. And if you would like to comment on this item, which is advisory body appointments and reappointments, please raise your hand. Okay, I'm not seeing anyone in the public, so we'll go ahead and move on to completing our process in appointing folks this evening. Okay. Go ahead, Mary. I'd like you to entertain a motion if you'd like to have us go back out to seek more applicants for our Equal Employment Opportunity Committee. Thank you for noting that. I'm showing my brain starts to turn off at seven o'clock. Yes, please. Thank you. And member Callentary Johnson, did you want to second that motion? Yes, I'm gonna second. Okay, great. Thank you. And I will go ahead and take a roll call vote on that. So we have a motion on the floor to defer seating anyone on the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee at this time and re-advertising for additional applicants for that committee. And I will have a roll call vote. Okay, council member is Watkins. Aye. Callentary Johnson. Aye. Golder. Vice Mayor Brunner. Aye. And Mayor Myers. Aye. That motion passes unanimously. Okay, we'll move on to beginning with the Arts Commission. There is one vacancy with a term expiration of January 1st, 2025. May I please have a nomination starting with council member Golder. And recall if your count, and as we work through everybody, if the person you're nominee was, you don't need to re-nominate them. Council member Golder. Okay, I'm gonna nominate Judy Gunstra. I nominate Bridget Lyons. Okay, I'm gonna look at my notes. Sorry. I too, excuse me, my nominee has been named. Council member Cummings. Council member Brown. Council member Callentary Johnson. Yeah, my nominee's been named as well. And council member Watkins. Thank you. Okay, great. Bonnie, will you lead us through this process? So we have three nominees. We have Christopher Carr, Judy Gunstra, and Bridget Lyons. So I'll just go through and do a roll call vote on the nominees. Okay, great. So, Christopher Carr, sorry.  Got it. Council member Watkins. It's always so hard. Yes, I'll go ahead and go with Carr. Callentary Johnson. No. You can say who you are voted for. Okay, Bridget Lyons. Judy Gunstra. Holder. Judy Gunstra. But I just, I never got to say this. I just wanted to say how amazed I was with everyone's application. And like, it would like mourn my heart just seeing so many people wanting to be part of our community. I know this isn't the place to say it, but I just thank you, everybody. Thank you. I hope you stay involved. Even if you don't make it onto one of these commissions, we need you. We love you and we appreciate you. On that note, really quick, we do hang on to applications for two years. So even if they don't make it this go around, we'll contact them. Vice Mayor Brunner. Bridget Lyons. And Mayor Meyers. Bridget Lyons. Okay, Bridget Lyons is appointed. Congratulations, Ms. Lyons, and welcome to the Arts Commission. Next up, we have the Board of Building and Fire Appeals. There are two possible appointments and or reappointments, both with term expirations of January 1st, 2025. May I please have a nomination starting with Vice Mayor Brunner. I nominate Peter Bagnell and Miles Corcoran. Next up is my nomination. Mine has been covered. Council Member Cummings. I'm good. Council Member Brown. That might have been covered too. Thanks. Council Member Collentary Johnson. Covered. Council Member Watkins. The same. Council Member Golder. I'm good. Roll call. We don't need to do about, if we get to do a by consensus, everybody has the same nominees. Okay, we have unanimous consensus to reappoint Peter Bagnell and Miles Corcoran to the Board of Building and Fire Appeals. Thank you for serving and welcome back to the Board of Building and Fire Appeals. Okay, next up we have the Commission for the Prevention of Violence Against Women. There was one vacancy and three possible appointments and or reappointments. Council Members Brown, Council Member Johnson and Watkins and Vice Mayor Brunner all have nominations. The term for each appointed Commissioner would be the same as the nominating Council Member. May I please have nominations starting with Council Member Brown. Anne Simonson and Council Member Calantari-Johnson. Roya Paxa. Council Member Watkins. Delphine Brun and Vice Mayor Brunner. I'm deferring my nomination to the next Council Meeting. That's just a direct appointment, correct? Right. We just need general consensus that everybody approves those nominations and then. We have general consensus, thumbs up. Welcome Council Member Simonson and Delphine to the Commission for Prevention of Violence Against Women. Next up is the Downtown Commission. There are two vacancies, both with terms expiring on January 1st, 2025. I will start by nominating. Is that me? Is that me, right, Bonnie? I mean, Elizabeth Carr. You only have one, yet there's two openings. I'm sorry, Elizabeth Carr and Daniel Nelson. Council Member Cummings. I'm going to nominate Bubba Rader and Karen Simons. Council Member Brown. Council Member Calantari-Johnson. Also that. Council Member Watkins. I'm also sad. Council Member Golder. I'm good. And Vice Mayor Bruder. I'm good. Okay. Bonnie, we have four, we have four nominees. Do we go through each one? Okay. I'll go through the Council Member. And you can tell me who you vote for. You could vote up to two and you have Elizabeth Carr, Daniel Nelson, Bub Rader and Karen Simons. Council Member Watkins. Best Carr and Daniel Nelson. Calantari-Johnson. Elizabeth Carr and Daniel Nelson. Elizabeth Carr and Karen Simons. Karen Simons. Golder. Daniel Nelson and Bub Rader. Vice Mayor Brunner. Daniel Nelson and Elizabeth Carr. And Mayor Myers. Elizabeth Carr and Daniel Nelson. So you have Elizabeth Carr and Daniel Nelson. Welcome to the Downtown Commission, Elizabeth Carr and Daniel Nelson. Thank you for serving. Next up we have the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee which has been deferred by POSHA. Next is the Historic Preservation Commission. There are two possible appointments and or reappointments, both with term expirations of January 1st, 2025. May I please have nomination starting with Council Member Brown. Ross Erick Gibson and Jessica Koos. Council Member Calantari-Johnson. Tim Keverd. Council Member Watkins. David, I don't really know how to pronounce his last name. Subba? I think it's Subba. Yes, yeah. Can you have another? That person has been named already. Okay. Council Member Golder. I'm good. Vice Mayor Brunner. I'm good. I'll nominate Subba and Koos, and Council Member Cummings. I'm good. Bonnie, can we do a roll call vote? Council Member Watkins. Jessica and David. Calantari-Johnson. Gibson and Koos. Cummings. Gibson and Koos. Golder. Koos and Subba. Vice Mayor Brunner. Jessica Koos and David Subba. And Mayor Myers. Jessica Koos and David Subba. So it's Jessica Koos and David Subba. Okay. Welcome to the Commission, Jessica and David, and thank you for serving. The next Parks and Recreation Commission, there are two possible appointments and or reappointments, both with term expirations of January 1st, 2025. May I please have nominations starting with Council Member Calantari-Johnson. Yes, I'd like to nominate Kristina Kincaid-Glavis and Holly Locatelli. Council Member Watkins. I have no new nominate dad. Council Member Golder. I'm good. Vice Mayor Brunner. I'm good. I will nom- I'm good also. Council Member Cummings. I'm good. And Council Member Brown. I'm good. Okay, I think we have a consent on that one. Consensus suit, excuse me. Welcome back, Holly Locatelli and Kristina Kincaid-Glavis to the Parks and Rec Commission. Thank you for your service. Next we have the Planning Commission. There is one possible appointment and or reappointment with a term expiration of January 1st, 2025. May I please have nominations starting with Council Member Watkins. I'd like to nominate Julie Conway. Council Member Golder. I'm good. Vice Mayor Brunner. I'm good. I'm good with my nomination. Council Member Cummings. Good. Council Member Brown and Council Member Calantari-Johnson. I'm good. I believe we have unanimous consensus again. Welcome back Commissioner Conway to the Planning Commission. Thank you for your service. Next up is the Sister Cities Committee. There are two possible appointments and or reappointments both with term expirations of January 1st, 2025. May I please have nominations starting with Council Member Golder. I'm going to nominate Laura and Douglas. That is Laura Caravello and Douglas Hull. Just for public folks. Vice Mayor Brunner. I'm set. I'm also set to Council Member Cummings. Council Member Brown. I'm set. Council Member Calantari-Johnson. I'm set. Council Member Watkins. Me too. Okay, by unanimous consensus. Welcome Laura Caravello to the Sister Cities Committee and congratulations Doug on your re-employment. Thank you for your service. Next is the Transportation and Public Works Commission. There are three possible appointments and or reappointments all with term expirations of January 1st, 2025. May I please have domination starting with Vice Mayor Brunner. Can you repeat that please? There are three possible appointments and or reappointments all with terms expirations of January 1st, 2025. This is for the Transportation and Public Works Commission. Your nominees. Thank you. I nominate Kyle Kelly, Robert Orizzi and Samantha Vrooman. And I am covered. Council Member Cummings. I'm Orgel Olson and Sabrina Lopez. Council Member Brown. I'm covered. Council Member Calantari-Johnson. I'm set, thank you. Council Member Watkins. I too am covered, thank you. And Council Member Golder. I'm covered too. Okay. We have a roll call vote, Bonnie. So your votes are for either Kyle Kelly, Sabrina Lopez, Sean Orgel Olson, Robert Orizzi or Samantha Vrooman. Council Member Watkins. Robert Orizzi, Samantha Vrooman and Kyle Kelly. Calantari-Johnson. Kyle Kelly, Robert Orizzi and Samantha Vrooman. Sabrina Lopez and Robert Orizzi. Orgel Olson and Orizzi. Golder. Samantha Vrooman, Robert Orizzi and Kyle Kelly. Vice Mayor Brunner. Robert Orizzi, Samantha Vrooman and Kyle Kelly. And Mayor Meyers. Kyle Kelly, Samantha Vrooman and Robert Orizzi. Okay, you have Kyle Kelly, Robert Orizzi and Samantha Vrooman. Congratulations, Kyle Kelly, Samantha Vrooman and Robert Orizzi. Robert, thank you again for your service on this commission and welcome to the other two new members. Thanks for your service, everybody. The last is the Water Commission. There is one county elector vacancy and one city elector appointment or reappointment, both with terms of expiration of January 1st, 2025. I'm sorry, I'm sorry. I'm sorry, really quick. Your script isn't split up, but we need to split it up by the county position and the city position. So the county position has Tom Burns or Chris DeMeyers. Okay, so I'll do the city, the city one first and then the other. Sure, either way. Or do I do them together? What's the best? You would need to split them separately. Okay. You can start with the city one, that's fine. Okay, great, thank you. I will start by nominating Justin Burks. Council member Cummings, council member Brown. I'm okay. Council member Collin Tari Johnson. I'm set. Council member Watkins, the same. Council member Golder. The nominate Jim Mechick. And council member, excuse me, Vice Mayor Brunner. I nominate, same. I'm set. You're set, okay. Okay, we will need a roll call vote. We have one, this is for the city spot for Justin Burks or James Mechick. Council member Watkins, Collin Tari Johnson. Vice Mayor Brunner. James Mechick. And Mayor Meyers. It's Justin Burks. Welcome, Mr. Burks to the Water Commission. Thank you for your service. Okay, we will now move on to the county elector vacancy for the Water Commission. We have two nominees or two applicants, Tom Burns and Krista Meyers. And I will start by nominating Tom Burns. Council member Cummings. I'll nominate Krista Meyers. Council member Brown. I'm set. We don't have to go through. Both people have been nominated. We could just go right to the vote. Oh, we can. You're right. So you have more than two. Thank you for being my brain after seven o'clock. Okay, Bonnie. Council member Watkins. Collin Tari Johnson. Tom Burns. Boulder. Tom Burns. Vice Mayor Brunner. Tom Burns. And Mayor Meyers. Tom to the Water Commission. Thank you for your service. That concludes item number 31 on our agenda. We'll now move to oral communication. For members of the public who are streaming this meeting, if you want to comment during oral communications, now is the time to call in. Instructions are on your screen. Oral communications is an opportunity for members of the community to speak to us on items that are not listed on today's agenda. If you're interested in addressing the council, press star nine on your phone to raise your hand. You will have two minutes to speak. When it is your turn to speak, you will hear an announcement that you have been unmuted. We request that you clearly and slowly state your name before making your comments so that we can accurately capture in the meeting minutes, however it is not required. Please remember, this is a time for council to hear from the public. We are not able to engage in dialogue with each member of the public, but when we are able, we will address the questions raised after oral communications has been completed. And again, I just want to restate, this is for items not on our agenda this evening. And I see currently two members in the public with their hands raised, so I'll start with 1-8, 1-10. Yeah, while the Justice Warriors ignore the American Just Principle with Equal Opportunity, they work on instituting their smeltest failed doctrine called equity, assuming everyone is entitled to an equal life outcome. The supposed justification is concentrated in just a few group identity statistics, which do not prove causation, and they ignore there are millions of reasons why people's lives differ. As a personal example, considered my two-year-old brother and I were raised by the same parents in the same cities, schools, by largely the same teachers, share the same values, the same personalities, and yes, had equal opportunity. One of us graduated third in high school, class of 450, became a semiconductor engineer for 30 years, retired debt-free, comfortably at 52. The other ran away from huge lifelong debt, disappeared, dropped out of society, last known living somewhere off the grid as an aging ranch handyman in the old world wilderness playing jazz saxophone to the squirrels. It's not an injustice. Think harder about that equity weak leg of the three-legged stool of SC's pillars of community. The KGB could not have done a better job of demoralizing the American public into victimhood, selling out individual freedom for an authoritarian ever-bigger interest of government, but it was mostly done from within. What rightfully used to be an apolitical government run educational system was destroyed by partisan un-American political ideology and converted into a leftist children's indoctrination boot camp. So busting the equity myth must be a lot like your parents finally telling you Santa Claus isn't real. Okay then, the leftist concept of equity isn't real fairness, isn't real justice, isn't really more virtuous than any far calling itself any fastest or the anti-racist really pretending they aren't now the racists of today. I've got three new to you colors of community for your consideration. Try mutual respect for everyone's life, liberty and pursuit of happiness, but which by the way pursuit means the act of striving to gain or accomplish something, not the granting of government privilege, treating different people unequally to try to make their life outcomes identical. Thanks. And our next caller is with the phone number ending in 1705. You're welcome to address us, thank you. Thank you, can you hear me? Yes. Thank you, this is Eric Rodberg. I'm gonna read a few short quotes from the city document. Santa Cruz has one of the highest per capita populations of homeless individuals in the state of California and therefore in the United States. Uncheltered individuals living in encampments are present within the city's limits, have much higher rates than are present within neighboring jurisdictions. Second quotation, same document. Unlike some larger cities within the state, the city of Santa Cruz generally does not receive significant funding from the state or federal governments to provide housing or other services to persons experiencing homelessness. Instead, the county of Santa Cruz received significant funding to provide these services and has been legally tasked with providing these services. This document is a recent legal filing in federal court that the city submitted. I submit to you as a council that if you can make this argument forcefully in federal court and there are others similar in this document, I would like you to stop playing nice with the county and play hardball and get them to live up to their legal obligation, thank you. Thank you. Are there any other callers on the line tonight that would like to address the council during oral communications? I'm not seeing any, so we will go ahead and adjourn our meeting for this evening. I do want to just comment at the end of tonight. I hope everyone in the mountains stay safe over the next few days and please know everybody here in Santa Cruz city is thinking about you all and we will help with whatever happens over the next three to four days and please stay safe. So good night everybody, thank you for a great meeting and now I can go rest my head. Good night everybody, cheers.


Welcome to the anxious morning every weekday morning will take a few minutes to go over important lessons that you can use in your anxiety recovery journey The anxious morning brings you support education inspiration encouragement and empowerment Read or listen quietly on your own time free of the endless noisy scroll of social media Use the information to help you along the path to recovery from panic disorder Agoraphobia and other anxiety problems for more visit us at the anxious morning comm Yesterday, we talked about why the people who can most benefit from exposure therapy tend to hate exposure therapy When people recoil at the mention of exposure based recovery methods They are often missing the part where we start with very tiny steps If you've been stuck on your sofa for the past six months, you're not going to be driven into the woods 100 miles from home and left That's not exposure Effective exposure incorporates two main principles that can really bring down the terrifying factor in a big way So if you're imagining that doing exposure work would be like having a continuous panic attack for six months You're mistaken and here's why Exposure is based on incremental progress. There's a reason why it's called graduated or graded exposure When treating something like agoraphobia Exposure work can often start with simple visualization exercises or practicing the act of putting on one's coat or tying one's shoes There is no need to start with moonshot exposures In fact, the vast majority of therapists would simply not allow that Starting with very small steps is the most effective way to get the recovery ball rolling and to build a strong foundation That more challenging tasks can rest on if you've ever seen the hilarious movie. What about bob? You know the value of baby steps Baby steps aren't nearly as scary or difficult as what you are imagining Exposure can be anything at all a good counselor or therapist will understand that you are not really afraid of the supermarket But rather that you fear the discomfort of anxiety or panic in the supermarket This being the case an exposure plan won't necessarily involve being forced to sit in the frozen food aisle for 40 minutes But might instead find easier to execute ways to trigger discomfort even in your own home Sometimes simply changing a morning routine or working on modifying the way you talk about your anxiety can be difficult and triggering These smaller more subtle tasks and modifications are perfectly acceptable Effective and quite common in the early stages of an exposure based therapy plan If a trip alone to a crowded shopping mall makes you want to run screaming from any discussion of exposure therapy methods Consider that sometimes just changing your toothpaste or sleeping with your phone in a different room Can be effective and less daunting ways to start you down the path of recovery Anything can be an exposure. It doesn't all have to be challenging and terrifying at an epic level Of course a successful exposure based therapy will involve an incremental and systematic increase in the level of difficulty of each exposure over time This is part of the deal and without it. There is no lasting progress Starting small and being resourceful and creative in the beginning means that you'll build a stronger base to stand on Making the larger tasks and challenges you face down the road less difficult and frightening than you are imagining them to be right now Exposure therapy is hard. It involves being afraid and uncomfortable intentionally and by design In reality though exposure is not torture When properly designed and under the guidance of a good therapist or counselor Exposure can be far more manageable than you think and will therefore be far more fruitful and rewarding in the long run Take some time to look past your initial distaste and disproval of this type of recovery plan You may find yourself feeling empowered to give it a fair try once you do Now tomorrow we'll take a look at the concept of courage and how it's so often misunderstood Hey, if you're enjoying the podcast and you'd like to get a copy of it delivered every morning into your email inbox Including a full text transcription head on over to the anxious morning dot email and sign up for the newsletter And if you're listening on itunes or spotify or someplace where you can leave us a rating or a review Take a moment and rate the podcast and maybe write a small review. It really helps us out or just tell a friend about us Thanks a lot


Welcome to Toffey TV, this is the match reaction. Newcastle United won Everton 2. We've won an away game. Wow. Carlo Anciolotti's second game in shards of Everton and we've won the game. Two from two for him. A fantastic result really for Everton today. It's a tough place to go at St James's Park. Newcastle hadn't lost since the open day of the season. I think it was a home when Arsenal beat them and being quite solid at St James's Park. So a really big win for Everton coming so close to the Burnley game. Both teams only having a day's rest, which to me is ridiculous. This game should have been played Sunday with a lot of others but it was today. Carlo Anciolotti changed the team. He said he was going to. He did. Jeri Mina, Lluca Dean dropped out of the side. Bernard dropped out of the side as well along with Fabian Delph and we brought in James Coleman as well. Brought in Gibril Siddabi, went with Michael Keane and Mason Holgate in the centre of defence Leighton Baines at left back in midfield. Tom Davies came in alongside Guilfee Sigarton, Matialas and over on the left Theo Walcock come in and Moise Keane started alongside Dominic Hallow and up front. Everton played really well in the opening half an hour. Really got a grip of the game, kept older at ball, dominated the possession for long periods. Got in front after 13 minutes balling. From the right Moise Keane swivel trying to get a shot away and it broke and Dominic Hallow and finished it brilliantly to give us the lead. He scored up at St James Park last season as well but he took his goal well. He's full of confidence in playing fantastically well at the moment. That just put us in a good position to control the game. Newcastle caused his problems Andy Carroll and long balls to him. He won everything in the air today. They had good runs from Almaron and Williams or Willins who I thought was their best player. It was dangerous but Everton on the counter attack always looked like we had more goals in us. We just couldn't get that second goal. Went in, won it up at the break, came out for the second half and just got back on the front foot again. I had opportunities to get our second goal. We had opportunities with a couple of shots from Moise Keane. I thought today might have been a day he got off the mark. But what I thought about Moise Keane today, I thought he looked the hell of a lot better. Stronger, more in tune with the game. I'm a dominant Calvallun caused Newcastle problems. We'd had a good run in the first half, pulled it back and well cut shot was blocked. But he looked a real threat today and he'll have felt better for having that hour that he's played today. Newcastle got level, really frustrated and gave us a cheaper free kick away. And then we left for some reason, Guilffy Sigurd in Mark and Andy Carroll which I don't understand what that was all about. The ball coming, Carroll won it and it was swept home by Sharon. You know, one-one and you think the place was Bamsun, St James' Park was Bamsun. I thought he made a change, took off Moise Keane and brought on Fabian Delphin, just wrestled the possession and wrestled that bit of control back. And then we played some excellent football and got back in front. Brilliant run by the Talyson. Great ball in the six yard box and Dominic Calvallun was there to knock home. His second is brilliant form and playing really well at the moment Tom. And then after that we could have added to it. Jordan Pickford's not really had much to do mate. They're really good saving the first half from Siar. But you know, other than balls in the box for Carroll to try and attack, Newcastle didn't really cause us that many problems and we were able. You know, we could have had, listen, we could have had more goals today with the final ball. And Dupraff can make some good saves as well. But you know, we've won the game. It's a big, big win this forever. And you know, to win in a way game for us, you know, our away form is terrible. That's the second away win now. So we go from here. Obviously Carlham and Chilotti changing the tactics three or four times in the game. Superb. And getting a performance like that, you know, less than 48 hours after the last time we took the pitch, you know, or 48 hours rather since our last game to get a performance like that. I thought it was superb. So, brilliant win. Feels great. We've had a really good Christmas haven't we? You know, one beaten now in five games, four Premier League games. Sorry, five Premier League games now, isn't it? Duncan had four. So Duncan had three, didn't he? So five games on beating our best run of the season, up to 10th at the moment in the Premier League. So superb. Long may it continue. That's it. That's my Matri action. Subscribe, give the video a thumbs up during this on Payton. Don't forget to check out Pet's Matri action and player ratings too. Thanks for watching. See you later.


What is going on guys? Today I am back with another Destiny 2 video and today I have a kind of a troll really on Bungie's behalf. Oh I'm in the milk I'm in the milk. Basically we all know the Galahom was the weapon to search for within Destiny 1. It was the main, it was the most iconic exotic ever, there's no doubt about it. It was kind of a thing, people thought there may be some kind of Galahom return to Destiny 2. While some people think it might happen, many many including myself think it will never never happen. But you can get the next best thing and that is a weapon to look near identical to it. But before we go any further guys I am giving away thousands of silver. If you want to buy that test ever verse loot to win some simply drop a like on the video and leave a comment down below. Okay so this was brought to my attention yesterday by a fellow follower on Twitter that you can actually get a rocket launcher to look just like the Galahom. Now there is an actual rocket launcher we saw within the trailers and it had the same shape more or less the same shape as the galley. I can't remember what it was because obviously we don't have names to go with these weapons within the trailers but I do remember a specific rocket launcher that did look like the galley shape-wise anyway and I reckon if you applied this shader to it it would be incredible. But yeah okay so basically you want to get your rocket launcher I've got the curtain core here and I've also got the moss e-park I think that says whatever. If you apply the rage shader to it look what happens this is no this is a galahom shader the callous select look at that look at that with the right shape that is no doubt a galahom that is a galahom if you had the right shape rocket now my curtain core as well doesn't look too bad kind of reminiscent kind of reminiscent well it's just typical of bungee to do something like this add it to the game shame about the purple there it really is but yes the best one I have found which I've actually had a hundred times the foreign dismantled because I just never used it obviously because it being a lower level is a one called the blue shift now I've looked through all the vendors this week I mean it's obviously a random drop from a vendor in gram upon ranking them up but the one you want and if you've got it and you can apply the shader to it it will look amazing is this one right here the blue shift rocket launcher this in my opinion so far is the best it kind of does look like the galley it kind of does look like the galley but look what happens when you put the shader on it look at that it's just a galley horn that is a galahom do you think bungee did that on purpose do you think they added the shader into the game on purpose because it's basically the same color theme as the galley horn 100% it's seriously so guys this is how you get the galley horn wanna be I apologize if people are clicking the video thinking you're gonna be able to get the galley horn within destiny to that's not how well it's not what I mean it's a galley horn wanna be it's a wanna be galley horn you're never gonna get a galley horn in this game you seriously ain't this shader though doesn't just look good on rocket launchers it looks good on everything it's it's probably one of the best shares I've seen in the game so far I mean it makes everything just look a hundred times better what else do I have to apply it to let's put it on an amazing pvp also rifle in the origin story which I've got a video coming on soon look at the problem is I've only got three of them so I can't waste them I don't want to waste them I seriously don't but yeah guys this is how you get the wanna be galley horn if you've got the blue shift you say if you haven't got the blue shift and have another rocket launcher and have their calisthenics to share that apply it to it and you can farm incomes easily farm them tokens rank up any of the vendors and you've got a chance to get in the blue shift rocket launcher drop so yes guys and this is how you get the wanna be galley horn if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really does help me out if you're new around here and enjoy daily Disney videos be sure to subscribe if you never want to miss a video I upload hit that bell button next subscribe button to receive email notifications of when I do upload but thanks as always for stopping by and hopefully people I will see you on that next one


Good everyone. I don't do a lot of product reviews, but I was compelled to do a product review of a recent purchase This isn't really an unboxing because I've been using it for about a week now But I thought I'd dress it up in its really funky box to show you guys This is a wallet from Bellroy. We've got a pretty heavy marketing campaign at the moment Or maybe I just fit their demographic online And it could stands a wallet will slim your wallet. You may have seen me add a banner ad for that I've been seeing lots of them. So as I said, I must fit their demographic, but This is the wallet In its groovy packaging I think I was half-sold on the wallet due to the marketing campaign and the in the groovy packaging I mean, it's a really good wallet. The quality of leather is unbelievable So it's a little bit girly. It's blue. You probably can't see that my lighting is really bad I tried to light it up better than what it what it's turned out But it is a blue wallet Like I think they call it blue steel and it's got a little girly clip on the front That works for me because I carry a lot of stuff around in my wallet being a dad and And someone who runs, you know their own business. I carry a lot of stuff So I haven't got my stuff in it at the moment It's probably a little bit stretched out because I have been using it for about a week But this is the world leader rich 10 bucks So check out the funky lining. It's just really cool It's got a little coin section here Not many wallets have that and if they do they're really bulky and on the front where I can fit a couple of bucks in that and It doesn't harm the bulkiness of the wallet That's where you put your main cards and you got I put my credit card in there or my bank card So it's easy to access and that's a spot for For your business cards I'll try to show you in there. See quick access So now to have your wallet open to grab a couple of business cards out So that's the Bell Roy blue steel Pocket book I think it's called and that section there I'm going to show you now is where you put in put a whole stack of cards as my time zone power card So you put a whole stack of cards in there and slip them in there and They sort of disappear behind your other you're more use it use use it hit the cards you use more And it doesn't really bulk it up too much and if you want them, it's easy You just pull them out like that. There are other wallets with that sort of function But I've not seen them work as well as this and I know wallets having to carry a bulky wallet around I know a good wallet So and you put your as I said you slot three main cards in there and one Card that you use the most in there. Well, that's what I do with it Anyway, you could probably have business cards in there if you didn't want to use the other slot and swap that around Use the business card slot for your bank card or your most used card So that's what it looks like with a couple of cards in it And through the magic of YouTube and a bit of editing now I'm going to show you what it looks like with The rest of my cards in and all my stuff that I don't really want to show you guys on my license and stuff So that's really slimmed down my wallet. I haven't got it before and after but They're great wallets do self-fabricate by self a Bell row wallet. They're a bit exy, but it's worth it


Innovation has basically two sides, it has creativity and it has efficiency, okay? And almost everything we do, especially in businesses, even in education, actually focuses on one side of this equation, focuses on efficiency, trying to get more for less, focus on answers. In schools, we don't teach children how to ask questions. We don't even teach them what a good question is. We teach them how to follow recipes, right? We teach them to be efficient because that's how our organizations run. The problem is that the world changes, okay? To be efficient is a really good idea if your world is constantly static. And in biology, the best environment for efficiency is competition, okay? But in a world that changes, you have to adapt. In fact, the most successful systems in nature are the most adaptable. They're not the most efficient, right? To give you an example, in 2010, the top 10 in-demand jobs didn't actually exist in 2004. It's not that they became more popular, they weren't even there. We had no idea what they were going to be. So imagine what's going to happen in just the next 10 years, right? So we're educating kids now, for instance, for a world that doesn't even exist. They're going to have 8 to 10 different careers through their lifetime, okay? So the future focus is not to bias everything towards creativity. Because if a bus is coming at you, you don't want to think, oh, I wonder if there's a different way I can see this, right? You want to get out of way as fast as possible. Wisdom is being at the edge of chaos on average. It's moving back and forth across. But today we're going to focus mainly on creativity. So what is at the heart of creativity? And it's perception. Why perception?  So to understand perception is to not only understand the brain, it's to understand what it is to be human. So we're going to talk about perception. And in thinking about it, I have one aim. It's the same aim I have in every single talk, which is, I want you to know less at the end than you think you know now, all right? And I always succeed, no matter how well I do. Okay, why? Because nothing interesting begins with knowing. Anything interesting begins with doubt. It begins with not knowing, all right? And I want you to doubt at the most fundamental level, even your level of the perception of reality. So how many of you, when you woke up this morning, thought you saw the world as it really is? I think you probably all have the assumption that you're seeing the world accurately. And I'll demonstrate by asking you, do you believe in illusions? Do you believe illusions exist? Yeah, okay. So you believe that you see the world accurately. Why? Because the definition of illusion is to see the world differently from the way it really is. So if you believe in illusions, you think that sometimes you see the world differently than the way it is, which means most of the time you're seeing the world as it really is. So we're gonna do a quick test. How many of you can see the predator that's about to jump out at you? And if you haven't seen it yet, you're dead, right? So 90% of the information your brain uses to see comes from lightness. It's staring right at you, literally. So let's add 10% of the information. Yes, for those who still haven't had their cup of coffee, there it is. Okay. So if we go back, all right. So this makes a fundamental point, right? That when it comes to vision, your eyes have very little to do with what you see. I work at the Institute of Ophthalmology. They love it when I say that, right? The eyes are like the keyboard is to a computer. It's just the way to get the stuff in. Has very little to do with what you actually see. But maybe at the level of lightness, surely at the level of lightness, we see the world accurately. Because nothing's easier than seeing the intensity of light. That is our most basic visual sensation, right? If that's true, then things that are different should look different, right? And these four squares are in fact different in their intensity. This one has less intensity than that one. They look different, right? Agreed? So it seems like we're seeing the world as it really is. Which means two squares are physically the same, should also look the same. And they do. But what happens if we don't change those squares, we just change what surrounds them? Do they still look the same? Everyone probably sees this one is lighter than that one. Yes? This is our most basic illusion. And we don't know how it works. What it demonstrates, though, is that context is everything when it comes to seeing the world. Your brain evolved to find relationships. Your brain did not evolve to find absolutes. In fact, this is so much so that right now, as you're looking at me, your eyes are actually constantly moving. You're not consciously aware of it. It's called micro-sacals. They're constantly jittering. If you could stop your eyes from moving, which you can by sticking your finger right inside here and holding it there, you can do it home with your kids. So what happens?  They're not moving. What do you think happens? The whole world disappears. You go blind. Because your brain evolved to find difference. It's interested in change. It's not interested in static. To live is to move. So even if I stop my eyes from moving the whole world, you can actually experience what it is to be blind. Context is everything. Change is everything. We know this. Artists have known this for hundreds of years. A far more fundamental question is why is context everything? And to understand this is, again, to understand what it is to be us. In fact, it's to understand what it is to be a living system. Because it's not just true for us. This is true for bumblebees. This is true for any living system. This is true for a company. Context is everything. So why? Because information is meaningless. There is no inherent value in any piece of data. And this is true even at the level of our senses. So if it's true there, it has to be true all the way up. If you take a light object and put it under dark light, it'll generate the exact same stimulus as a dark object under bright light. Or a loud sound far away versus a quiet sound up close.  So it has no way of knowing what's the source of this information. So information is meaningless because it could literally mean anything. It could be something large and far away or small and up close and will have no access to that world. Nor does that information come with instructions. It doesn't tell you what to do. So how does your brain make meaning? What's the other kind of information your brain has access to other than through its senses? Memory. It has its history.  That's what your brain represents. How do you actually make sense of the world? How do you make sense of meaningless information is by physically engaging with the world, okay? So in my lab we also grow brain cells. And what's fascinating is that the molecules that are responsible for this brain growth are activity dependent. The more active your brain, the more these molecules are released, the more your brain cells grow. Way back when I was at Berkeley, my advisor, Marian Diamond, absolutely brilliant person, she raised rats in different kinds of environments, an enriched environment and a deprived environment. And then she looked at the brain cells inside these rats and found that the ones in the enriched environment had grown tremendously. Whereas the ones in the deprived environment had actually atrophied.  A more complex world, a more complex brain.  What's interesting is that if she raised rats in an over-enriched environment, the brain cells look like the ones from the deprived environment. So you can actually do too much, okay? But what's too much is relative. So I'm gonna show you how quickly your brain can redefine normality by looking first at these two desert scenes. Notice that they're the same. But now I want you to stare at the dot between the red and the green. Don't look anywhere else, just look at that dot. We're gonna do it for about 30 seconds. Okay?  This is becoming its current history. It's learning that its left side of its visual field is under green light and the right side is under red. That's becoming its new reality. Which means everything you see after this will be a function of this recent history. You're also getting very sleepy. Okay, now keep looking. When I tell you to, I want you to look at the dot between the desert scenes. Five, four, three, two, one, look there. Do they still look the same? No, for some men they will because you might be color deficient. Seven percent of the male population confuses red and green, right? But now as you look around, they start going back to the way they were, right?  Now this is just color, right? And this is what your brain is constantly doing all the time. So when you open your eyes, what do you see? You can't see the world, it's physically impossible. Rather, you see a meaning that was once useful to see in the past.  And what was once useful may no longer be useful. Which is why your brain's constantly adapting, okay? So in the next few slides, we're gonna do, show you an example, what I mean by seeing meaning. We're gonna read what you see. In the next few slides, we'll do it all together, okay? Ready? One, two, three, very good. One, two, three, all right. One, two, three, okay, some of you. Okay, one, two, three. Okay, now class, remember the instructions. I said read what you see, you all failed, right? There are no words there. That says what are written? There's no law of physics that tells you you have to put an H between that W and A. Why do you do so? Because your brain has evolved, your brain has learned to encode the statistics of co-occurring letters in English and other languages. So when you're presented with that context, you see what was useful to see in the past. You don't put an H there because it wouldn't have been useful, right? Which is why during World War II, Americans translated their codes into Navajo before they sent them across because Navajo has a different statistical structure, right? And notice none of you read what you're dreaming. Why? Because I had you reading. So you're primed to read it that way, right? So this is true even at the level of seeing color. You're seeing the meaning of the information on the screen now. You're not seeing the information itself. Notice you have a dark brown tile at the top and a light orange tile at the side. That is your perceptual reality. But what's your physical reality? It's that they're exactly the same. So nothing changes on the screen except in your mind. You're seeing the meaning of the information based on your history. And what's true for color is also true for form. So these two tables are the same. Agreed? They are, okay? The red table is simply the green table on its side. They have the exact same dimensions, right? The only thing that differs is the angles at the corner. Again, you're seeing the meaning of the information based on your history. You don't see the information itself. And what's true for color, what's true for form, is in fact true for perception of other people. Other people are simply sources of stimuli. In fact, we're our own source of stimuli. We don't see the person. We see the meaning of the person based on our history. Okay? So what's true for color is true all the way up. Now, I'll show you what I mean by just watching this little video. Oh, it's day to day. I think I might turn. Who's that, Alan? Alan! Oh, Alan! No, I don't think any of you know. Alan! Alan! Alan! Alan! Alan! Oh, Alan! Alan! Alan! Alan! Alan! Alan! Oh, so that's not Alan. Steve, that's Steve. Steve! Steve! Steve! Steve! Steve! Steve! Oh, no, that's not Steve, that is Alan. Alan! Alan! How? Alan! You can see him thinking, can't you? Right? Suddenly, he has a whole different persona, right? You are projecting that onto him. That's your meaning of him based on your history. That doesn't belong to him. That's what we do to other people. Literally. Okay? So, when it comes to saying the world, we're just like this frog. And I don't mean we're similar to this frog, or metaphorically like this frog, we are literally like this frog. Okay, this is virtual reality for a frog. Ah! I so love that. We're so like that frog in so many ways. Right? So, some of you are thinking, I'm not a frog, right? I've got free will. And if we have time, we'll come to free will at the end. Right? So, let's test your free will. Let's test how independent you can be from other people around you. Right? And we're going to basically play a game of free will. So, I'm gonna show you two shapes. They have no name. They're not circles, diamonds, or squares. Right? They're meaningless. Agreed? Never really seen, they're just abstract. I'm gonna give you two abstract sounds. That also have no meaning. Kiki and boo-boo. Okay? Now you independent three thinking people, tell me which of these shapes is kiki, which has no name? And which of these shapes is boo-boo? How many people say this one's kiki? And that one's boo-boo? Yes, like 99% of the population around the world. Right? Independent of age, sex, everything. Right? Why is this happening? Right? So, I read your mind. Okay? Why is this happening? It has to do with your assumption of pain. Your brain has an over-representation of sharpness and roundness because that's behaviorally useful. So you're representing the meanings of these sounds. So if I give you the word love and hate, how many of you say this is love? And this is hate, depending on the state of your relationship, right? Okay? If I give you the word odio, many of you will say that that's odio. But Spanish speakers will say no, that one's odio because it means hate, even though it's a rounded sound.  It's about pain, right? What's fascinating is you don't know this when you're doing it, right? Which is because most of the reasons why we do stuff, we're blind to it. And even more than this, we have a safety bias. More than a frog, we're actually biased towards safety. Our assumptions, which guide our behavior, are biased because there are more ways to die in the world than the artist stay alive. Okay? What is this cat? Turns around. Happens quickly, we'll do it again. Why? Because it's better to assume that's a snake than a cucumber. Right? You can actually do this at home if it's your own cat. Right? And many people have. So even more than this, right? We have a cognitive bias. Our brain evolved to find evidence that confirms what we assumed to be true already. Why? There's a really important reason why we do this, which is I'm gonna come to now, which is what, how is it possible to see differently? If everything you're doing right now is simply response grounded in your history, you have no control over what you're seeing or the decisions you make. How is it possible to see differently? And the answer is that it's a question. Seeing differently does not begin with answers. It begins with a question. All revolutions begin with a joke. You mean it could be different. What do questions actually do inside your head? If this is you, you're that red spot. What happens next? Now all things are possible. There are only a few things that are possible given where you are now. What's next is determined by your assumptions. We call it your space of possibility, right? And we can represent the next possible according to size and proximity to where you are. If the best solution is that green dot at the top, you literally can't see it. It is not possible given your space of possibility. It falls outside your biases, your assumptions. What's possible is say this blue dot, right?  It only ever makes small steps and it steps to what the next most likely possible is given your history. And the shape of this structure is determined by your biases. Your assumptions come from your history. Everything you do is a consequence of your assumptions which are ingrained in your brain. The functional structure of your brain represents these assumptions, these biases, which means the only way I could ever see that green dot is by moving it and putting it, making it the next possible. So how can I change from this space of possibility to that one is by questioning my assumptions. And that's what questions do, right? They change what's possible. I'm gonna show you how basic this is even at the level of just seeing motion. So almost all of you will see this spinning from left to right.  I want you to change that assumption, question it and imagine looking up at that surface. You can mentally flip it. And at some point it'll go in the opposite direction. If you blur your eyes, blink and look around it, sometimes it helps. So who can get it to flip? Yes? Keep looking around it, we have a literalist. Keep looking around it, okay? And every time you blink, it's gonna go in the opposite direction. All you're doing is changing your assumptions. When it's flipping one way, it's impossible to see it go the other way. But as soon as you change your biases, now that becomes the next possible and the previous one becomes impossible. And so which direction is it actually rotating? Both, at the same time. How many people say it's spinning to the right? To the left? I don't care, right? What if I were to tell you that there's no motion on the screen at all? Nothing is actually moving. It's true. Nothing's actually moving, there's no motion. Yeah, you're looking at animation.  Your brain is taking those small physical differences in stationary images and perceiving the meaning of that change as motion, right? Because that's what makes sense based on its history, right? If I made those changes less consistent with your history, you would just see a flickering, okay? So your brain is taking a series of still images, seeing them move and changing it from one direction to the other depending on what your biases are, right? Which means that when it comes to creativity, it isn't this chaotic, messy, serendipitous, mysterious process because we never bring things together that are far apart, right? It only appears that way when other people do it, which means there's nothing creative about creativity, right? It's only creative from the outside. When you see pulling two things that are far apart together, for them, they sit right next to each other. It's just that their space of possibility is different because their assumptions, their biases, their history is different. For them, they're just taking small steps. They're just changing their space of possibility around them by the questions they ask, okay? So if this is the case, what makes creativity difficult? And there are four things, in fact. I'm only gonna talk about one of them. But the first one is we walk through life thinking we have an objective view of the world, right?  You do not have an objective view of the world, which isn't to say your view of the world is wrong, it's useful, okay? The second thing is almost everything we do, we have no idea why we do it, which is why questionnaires and marketing don't work, people give you aspirational answers. They don't know why we do what we do, but you put it on a polygraph and I'm gonna give you an answer and I'm gonna believe it, okay? But the main reason is that we hate not knowing. Uncertainty is an awful thing for your brain. If you're not sure that was a predator, it's too late. Your brain evolved to take what is uncertain and make it certain. C-sickness is a consequence of uncertainty. When you go down below in a boat and your eyes are moving and registered to the boat and your eyes are saying, oh, we're standing still. But your inner ears are saying, no, no, no, we're moving, right? And you get ill. Your brain cannot deal with that conflict, which is why if you go above deck, look at the horizon and your eyes and inner and ears are now moving and register, okay? So we literally hate uncertainty. In fact, it's pathological to seek uncertainty.  Because there are more ways of dying than there are staying alive. And the irony is that that's the only place we can go if we're gonna do something new, is to step into uncertainty. So, because to not know was to die. So fortunately, evolution gave us a solution. What is the one human behavior? In fact, it's not just human. Where uncertainty is not just tolerated, it's salt. We actually love uncertainty in this context. It's play. Play actually evolved as a solution to uncertainty. Play is not just an activity. It's actually a way of being. It's a way of being that's defined by celebrating uncertainty, right? To not know the punchline of a joke is what makes it funny. To not know who's gonna win is why the game is fun. We seek uncertainty in play, right? It encourages diversity. And this is in fact how we create diversity and diversity is the engine of change. It's open to possibility. In fact, it creates our possibilities, inherently cooperative and it's intrinsically motivated. Almost everything we do in the world, we do for something else. I do A in order to gain B. The reward for play is play. Why are people out there skiing? What's the value of that? The reward of skiing is skiing, right? It's intrinsically motivated, right? It's the driver for curiosity. So, and we're not the only ones who play. The most adaptable systems in nature are the ones that play into adulthood. There's no intrinsic value in these rings other than to make them. If we add intention to play, we get science. Science is nothing other than play with intention. Science is a way of being. It's not defined by its methodology. That's the craft of science, right? But science, true science is a way of being. And if you, when we apply this in schools, we've created a whole education program where our science in schools and it resulted in the youngest published scientist in the world at age eight to 10 years old, right? And the youngest main stage Ted speaker who was Amy here, okay? And we're not doing this in order to create little scientists. We're doing this in order to enable to teach these children how to step into uncertainty which they can then apply in anything in their lives. So in fact, we're working now to create the world's first science institute that is just for young girls from most deprived areas in Santiago, Chile. So what this means is that in order to be creative, the environment, the ecology of creativity is fundamental. And key to that is the leader, the teacher, the head teacher, the leadership of a company, of a lab. And if you ask people what defines a good leader, you get all these descriptions, right? All of them make sense, but there are only three that are associated with the success of any one company. Lead by example, admit mistakes and see quality in others. Why these three? The first one, because play does not happen outside of space that's trusted, right? Lead by example, creates a secure trusted space. The second is admit mistakes. That's a space that celebrates uncertainty. And thirdly, see qualities in others. That's a space that's open to diversity. So these three aspects of leadership are actually directly to a tie to creativity. And in particular, this way of being that enables. So the next greatest innovation is not gonna be a technology. It's a way of being that will enable technologies and other adaptations. Which means what defines a good leader is how you lead others into uncertainty. So we'll just finish with two videos showing you examples of leadership. Here's one. Lead by example, supportive, trusting, right? That's one. Here's the other, right? Looks up for reassurance. Yes? So what kind of leader are you? And the point is you have to be both. Because it's being at the edge of chaos on average.