Welcome to Dispatches from India, a show by People's Dispatch, where we bring you some of the major stories from across the country, what Indians are talking about and the impact it will have on politics, economy and society. First we get into our News This Week section. Among the most bizarre stories to come out of the economic reportage in India over the past few weeks is centred on the Mumbai-based National Stock Exchange, the largest derivatives exchange in the world. A seemingly straightforward case of former managing director, MD, and Chief Executive Officer, CEO Chitra Ramakrishna, misusing her office, progressed into the realm of the surreal as details emerged with sustained media coverage. Senior journalist Paranjoy Guha Thakurtha breaks down the sordid mess. It happens to be not just India's biggest stock exchange, it happens to be the world's biggest stock exchange for derivative instruments that is financial instruments that derive their value from other financial instruments. Recently, India's market regulator, the Securities and Exchange Board of India, came up with a report, pertinent to events that took place five or six years ago wherein the Chief Executive and Managing Director of the Stock Exchange has been accused of various kinds of acts of nepotism in favouring one of her close associates who was given a handsome remuneration. But the most unusual and even bizarre aspect, this lady claimed that she was getting advice from an unnamed guru who sat somewhere in the Himalayas in, you know, some sort of a spiritual guru who seemed to know very well all the intricacies of the financial markets and here she was sharing information with clearly classified information about human resources, development practices, matters pertaining to complex issues, algorithms for national stock exchange. Now the scandal is about how particular players were favoured by giving them information a little before the others. Fractions of second before but that enabled them to avail of opportunities, arbitrage opportunities and thereby make huge profits.  Now this entire scandal is raising more questions than providing answers and many believe there are enough ingredients in this plot to make a film worthy of Bollywood, Mumbai's film industry which is the world's largest film industry. The details are who this guru is and finally what action will be taken. Both policy and narrative in India have shifted dramatically towards neoliberal economics over the past 30 years or so. Successive governments have employed a policy approach that has devalued public sector undertakings or PSUs, once considered the bedrock of India's economy. The speed at which the government plans to dismember and divest from public sector companies has intensified. Several PSUs have been sold, either wholly or in part, as neoliberal and right-wing governments have tom-tommed ideas like small government, the benefits of privatization and trickle-down economics. The result? The poor can no longer afford to purchase basic goods or avail of services. Senior journalist Anindya Chakravarti believes that there is an urgent need for Indian policy makers to revitalize the public sector. He explains why. India needs another Nehru and what do I mean by that? I do not mean another Nehru Gandhi but I mean a prime minister who believes in the public sector, in the positive powers of the public sector and how it can help an economy. And why am I saying that? That is because currently India's massive economic problems cannot be solved by private enterprise. India's private sector caters to the top 10% and bears the top 20% of people. That is what it produces for, whether it is goods or services, except for a small a few things like telecom where it's become affordable for the poor because of pricing wars between big companies who want to become monopolies. So if you leave that out, overall the bulk of India's private sector production is for the top 20% and that is how it is bound to be because 80% of Indians cannot afford what India's private sector produces. Anything that is bought by the poor is largely essential and some kind of services like education, they want their children educated, they have to spend on health because they fall ill. If you leave these two out, more or less the only thing they spend on is food. The bottom 20% can barely spend on food, they will not survive unless they are given subsidized food. Above that the next 30% barely have enough to spend on anything beyond essentials and if they have anything in their hand, you know what they buy? They buy cheap Chinese goods which have flooded the Indian market. And this is not what I am saying. A recent group of ministers said this exact same thing, the Chinese goods have completely taken over and had for a long time whether it's for the poor by batteries, torches, chargers, even footwear like shoes, clothes, everything that is coming in. The cheap products are Chinese products, sometimes fake Chinese products because Indian companies are great at producing things for the affluent middle class but not for the poor because there's nothing, no margin, no profit in products for the poor. So how doesn't that be solved? That can be solved with the Nehruvianism 2.0. Why am I saying 2.0? Because the original form of Nehruvian socialism. I'm saying socialism in inverted commas, care courts, why? Because I don't believe it was socialism. It was state capitalism. That capitalism was aimed at building heavy industry, in creating infrastructure, in creating capital, in capital investments so that India could become self-sufficient in future production. It did manage to do that, right? Whether it is steel, whether cement, coal, lot of things India has become self-sufficient because the public sector created the conditions through government spending, through planning to do that. Now we need a second stage and we need the second stage for consumer products that the poor can buy. Next we get into our in focus section where we take a deeper look at some of the burning issues in the country. A series of protests are currently being led by scheme workers in the country. They are frontline workers providing basic health and childcare facilities to a majority of countries working class. Around 6 million women are currently employed as scheme workers in India. For the past two years, during the COVID pandemic, these workers provided door-to-door services to rural households while being given no insurance or social security. More than 200 scheme workers lost their lives during this time. The terms and conditions of their employment remained at the pleasure of the government and all continued to work on minimal wage. Those who provide midday meals to students in government schools get paid around $13 a month, community health workers get $26 and childcare workers get around $60 per month. Despite the risk and longer hours of work during the pandemic, some have not even benefited from revised salaries in as long as a decade. AR Sindhu, General Secretary of the All India Federation of Anganmani workers and helpers, has this to say on this critical issue. The government of India has cut down the budget allocation for these schemes and the price rise also has caused a huge anger among the workers. And this has created a series of struggles throughout the country and there was two national nationwide joint strike of the scheme workers during these last two years. Now there are in Haryana, around 40,000 Anganwadi workers have been on indefinite strikes since 8th of December. It's almost 80 days and then the Asha workers are also on the streets in Haryana and in Gujarat. There is struggle going on in Andhra Pradesh. There is strike going on in Himachal Pradesh. There is strike of Anganwadi workers going on in the various places of the country. But the attitude of the government, instead of talking to the struggling workers and the trade unions, the government is resorting to severe repression. In Haryana, around 150 workers have been retrained and there are around 400 false cases charged against them. And even the Haryana government has charged invoked ESMA, the Essentials Service Maintenance Act against Asha workers and they have been arrested and house arrested at their homes. So this kind of attitude is going on. But in spite of that, there has been huge struggles and during this period also through struggles, the scheme workers could achieve some things, some risk and health facilities like that also during this period. And this is a huge issue of this and their care work of India has been subsidized by the scheme workers. So this issue has been taken out by the federal trade unions and this is one of the major demands of the upcoming All India General Strike on 28th and 29th of March. The scheme workers are also gearing up for the strike and also on 8th of March this year, the International Women's Day, the PITU has decided to observe it as a Working Women's Action Day. One of the major demands is the demand of recognition of the scheme workers' work and the payment of minimum wages and social security. So in the forthcoming days, this will be one of the major issue of the country of the nutrition and health care of the people and the recognition of the scheme workers as workers and minimum wages and social security. And finally this month marks two years since the religious violence in India's capital New Delhi in which members of the minority Muslim community were the worst sufferers. The violence was the result of the religious polarization that has intensified since the current government took power in 2014. Many Indians were shocked that such violence could take place in the capital city whose law and order is managed by the central government itself. In the aftermath of this violence, the prosecution focused on activists and students who had been staging peaceful protests in the months before. Journalist Pragyas Singh explores the reasons for the violence and what happened after. To understand the religious riots that broke out in February 2020, we need to go back to the previous year and a controversial law that was passed that year. In December 2019, the Indian government passed the Citizenship Amendment Act. That dealt with providing citizenship for refugees from other countries. The controversial aspect about this law was that religion was made a factor in granting citizenship of India for the first time ever. For many people across the country, this was an ominous step. They were worried that it could become a precedent considering the right-wing government's ideology. The law was widely termed as anti-minority and condemned. Protests broke out across the country. In the same month, protests largely led by Muslim women in the capital city Delhi erupted against this law. By January 2020, the protests had intensified and were receiving support from students and activists and concerned citizens. The Bharatiya Janta Party, which is in power at the center, used this movement to gain political mileage. Its leaders delivered hate speeches in which they termed the Muslim women and other protesters as anti-Indian. And they also sought to mobilize the majority Hindu community against them. After one such violent speech by a prominent BJP leader, violence erupted in a primarily working class neighborhood of northeast Delhi on 23rd February 2020. Most of the 51 victims of this violence were Muslims. Scores of homes were destroyed or looted. In response to the violence, the police, overseen by the federal government, arrested a number of students and activists under draconian laws that charged them with breaching national security. Two years on, many of these protesters and activists whose role in the riots is unclear or evidently absent are still in prison. The courts have released many on bail. In one case, the court criticized the prosecution for being lazy, indolent and callous regarding these investigations. But the cases still drag on. Activists are demanding that those who triggered the violence or participated in it must be arrested instead of those young men and women or activists who protested peacefully against a divisive law.


Welcome to another edition of Haiti. Haiti is a series of videos I do where I respond to viewer questions and comments. These viewer questions and comments, they typically come from the comments on the videos that are posted on YouTube and Odyssey. Sometimes these viewer questions and comments come through messages on mastodon, Reddit, sometimes through email. And the very first question I want to respond to is, Haiti, looks like you're feeling much better. I hope you are doing well. Well, that's not really a question. It's more of a comment. And I've gotten literally thousands of these comments, these best wishes. Those of you wishing me luck and getting over the virus, those of you that have been following the channel know that about two weeks ago, I came down with the virus. I've been ill. And here in the last few days, though, I've seemed to have gotten over it. I'm back to a normal routine, a normal work routine, making videos. I've been back in the gym working out. I've got my strength back because there, the first few days I was down, I couldn't even get out of bed because of just lack of strength. I had no strength at all. I spent four or five days in bed with a fever, sweating, had chills, and it was just a nasty flu-like experience. But thankfully, it was a standard flu-like experience for me. Nothing serious. Didn't have to be hospitalized or anything like that. And as of today, I feel pretty much 100%. And I'm ready to hit the ground running here in 2022. I do want to thank all of you guys that sent good thoughts and good prayers. Again, thousands of you guys were wishing me well. And it really does mean a lot. Moving on to the next question. Hey, DT, you can use the count command in the fish shell to get the same result. For example, when you ran Pacman-QQ and piped it into WC-L, you could have done Pacman-QQ and piped it into count. Now, he is right. There is a fish shell function called count. The reason I didn't show it in that video the other day about how to get accurate line counts and terminal output is because it is a fish shell specific function. It's a function built into the fish shell, which I use the fish shell. But not everybody uses the fish shell. The fish shell is not a default shell on most Linux systems. Most Linux systems, the default shell is bash. So I didn't, on that video, everything I showed was a standard GNU Core U2 command. I didn't show anything that was off the beaten path. So I didn't show any specific functions with fish or with any other alternative shells. And I could count lines with a lot of different things. I'm sure I could write something in purl to count lines or in Python to count lines. But again, I was trying to stick with just the basic GNU Core Utils for the video the other day. But I do appreciate you guys sharing in the comments some of the alternative ways for those that are not familiar with the fish shell. The fish shell does have some nice extra functionality built into it, such as that count function. And the next comment I want to read is really a criticism that somebody had against me. He writes, Hey DT, I would like to point out a mistake you're making in your videos when addressing Windows users unless you're preaching to the choir. You really shouldn't use terms like distro desktop environment, etc. That's a mistake. Well, I totally disagree because on day one, if somebody is thinking about switching from Windows to Linux, they need to know what Linux is. And Linux, how are you going to tell somebody what Linux is if you don't mention Linux distributions? Because that's the whole point of Linux is freedom. It's free and open source software. Anybody can fork free and open source software, make their own versions of free and open source software, make their own custom Linux distros. And that's why we have hundreds of Linux distros out there. And people need to know this on day one is that there's hundreds of Linux distros, and they're going to have to pick one.  And then people say, Well, which Linux? Wait, there's more than one? Yeah, there's a whole bunch of Linux distros out there. And you're going to have to pick one. Same thing with desktop environments. I've got to tell them what a desktop environment is, because there's literally dozens of desktop environments and window managers on Linux available for you to choose from. And you have to choose one, right? It's not like you're just given one Linux distribution with one desktop environment. And that's all there is. You have choice when you switch to Linux. And the choice, the freedom is everything. It is entirely what the operating system is. It's freedom. So I have to talk about freedom as soon as I begin talking about Linux to the new user, because if I don't, then I'm not really telling them anything at all about this operating system, because they need to know that Linux is free and open source software, and they need to know what that means. They need to know the implications of that compared to windows being closed source proprietary software. They're two totally different things. And I can't pretend like Linux and Windows are the same thing, because they're not. It's like heads and tails of a coin, you know, two sides of a coin, right? Windows, closed source proprietary software is the tail side of the coin. Linux, for an open source software, you can think of it as the head side of the coin. When you flip a coin, it can't be both heads or tails, right? It can only be one or the other. I can't pretend like these two different operating systems can be anything alike. Windows can never be like Linux. Linux can never be like Windows, just fundamentally based on the fact that one's free and open source software, one's proprietary software, and I have to talk about some of these terms. And honestly, if a new to Linux user can't spend 30 seconds doing a Google search on terms like distro, desktop environment, window manager, package manager, then they shouldn't be running Linux. And that's not me being negative or toxic or divisive or trying to keep Linux as this elitist club. No, I think anybody can run Linux. But I do think you do have to have the right mindset and not everybody has the right mindset. Not everybody actually wants to learn about computers or learn about their operating system. Many people don't want to dive under the hood at all. They don't want to know about kernels and desktop environments and package managers and things like that. And if you're one of those people, that's fine. Stay on Windows and that closed source proprietary walled garden of Windows where you don't have to know any of the different stuff. You don't have to know about the kernel or the desktop environment or any of that stuff because you don't have any choice in the matter anyway.  You can't really change anything. Where in Linux you have the freedom to swap out every different aspect of the operating system. So you actually do need to know what these terms mean. And again, if you can't do a 30 second Google search, then honestly you don't deserve to be a Linux user. Moving on to the next question. Hey, DT, I often watch your videos while cooking or something like a podcast. And I think it would be useful to add a short sound every time you make a correction to know that I have to look at the screen. So what this person is talking about is, you know, many people will listen to YouTube videos, not just mine, but you know, many people be at the gym and they'll put on some headphones to listen to a YouTube video. They're not watching it. They're just listening or that they play it in the car or in this person, they're cooking at the house and they probably got it playing on a Bluetooth speaker. And you know, on YouTube videos, I make a lot of mistakes. Actually, pretty much everybody makes mistakes doing videos. It's not people making mistakes for lack of effort. It's just many times when you turn on a camera and you have to talk for a while, you're going to misspeak. Many times you misspeak without even knowing. You're thinking you're saying one thing, but you actually say something else and you don't catch it. And you'll catch it in post. When I go to edit the video, I'll realize I said this particular word, but I was actually thinking this other particular word, and I'll make an annotation on the screen to let you guys know, hey, I misspoke here. This is really what I meant.  But I don't know that I could actually fix this because it's one of those things. Again, when you turn on a camera, you're going to misspeak a lot on video. And if every time I made a mistake and made a minor correction and I had like a beeping sound, it would be so annoying that I understand for those of you only listening to the audio, but you have to understand I actually am making video content. And that's kind of what I have to cater to. I'm trying to make the best video content. So if you're only doing audio only, just know, yes, you're going to miss some stuff. But I don't think it matters too much because most, I mean, when we're talking about mistakes in videos or correcting things, adding annotations, typically it's very minor stuff. I will say nine times out of 10 when I misspeak, you know, say something wrong.  He meant to say, you know, because, because I get this when I watch other people's content, and I see them obviously, they didn't mean to say what they just said. And I pick up on that. And I think even on the audio only versions, you guys would probably pick up on it most of the time. So no, I'm not going to add any annoying beeps or sounds or anything to my videos when I make a mistake. I think that would put way more people off than it would actually help. And moving on to the next question. Hey, DT, what Linux version do you recommend? So this is obviously a potential new to Linux user. This is one of the many Windows users probably that are thinking about coming over to Linux. But of course, it's that problem. There's so many distros. What do you recommend? I can't tell just the entire world what distribution they should run, because not every distribution is the same. Not every distribution is appropriate for every situation and for every single person. There's no one size fits all. There's no one size fits all anything as far as software, including your Linux operating systems. So first of all, I would say if you're a brand new to Linux user, just pick something that's somewhat popular that you see a lot of other new to Linux users try.  Those are all great beginner Linux distributions. Try one of them out. It may work for you. It may not work for you. You may install one of these and you know what? I don't really like how they do this in this distribution. I don't like the desktop environment it ships with. I don't like the package manager. Things are confusing. Their software center looks weird, yada, yada, yada. Hey, you know what chances are you're not going to stay on the same Linux distribution forever. Very, very, very, very few Linux users install their very first Linux distribution and then that's the only Linux distribution they ever run for the rest of their life. That doesn't happen. Like most Linux users have literally run dozens of different Linux distributions. We're constantly trying out new Linux distributions with new desktop environments and that's kind of the nature of it. Don't think that you have to decide on one right now and you're married to that thing. That's the only distribution you're ever going to run because I promise you there's almost no chance you're going to install this Linux distribution and never try a different distribution at some point. Just pick one and because under the hood, all Linux distributions are the same, especially once you get down to the command line, down to the shell, the shell utilities and things like that, once you start learning some of the under the hood stuff, it's all the same. So it really doesn't matter what you pick. Install any Linux distribution that's appropriate for a new user because not all of them are appropriate. Some of them are much more advanced but pick a new user friendly distribution. It doesn't matter what it is and just start using it. And the next question is, hey, DT, is there any way to add a music player like in the Archcraft? I couldn't find it anywhere. And this was a comment from an older video I did a couple of years ago, but I just got the comment here in the last few days. It was a video about i3, me building a i3 window manager, building a desktop environment with i3. And this person apparently is new to how you go about building your desktop environment on a minimal distribution where you have to install virtually anything. He's like, how do I add the music player? Well, you just pick a music player, any music player, there's literally hundreds in your Linux distributions, repositories, and install one. For example, Rhythmbox, one of the most popular audio players on Linux. If it was a Debian or an Ubuntu system, you would sudo apt install Rhythmbox. If you were on an Archbase system, you would sudo pacman dash capital S Rhythmbox. And Rhythmbox would be installed on your system. And at that point, if you were running a traditional desktop environment that had a menu system, open the menu and just start searching for Rhythmbox, it'll be in there. If you're running a window manager, like a tiling window manager like i3, of course, you're not going to have a traditional menu system of any kind. What you would do is you would launch a run launcher of some kind, like D menu or Rofi, and just type Rhythmbox, and then hit enter and Rhythmbox will launch. And of course, that's just an example. It doesn't have to be Rhythmbox. It could be, Clementine, Lollipop, Dead Beef, or one of the hundreds of other audio players that are out there on Linux. You pick the one that's right for you and you can try them out, right? You can install one of them. If it doesn't work for you, uninstall it, install a different one. Again, it's not like you're married to the software. Just pick one, try it out. If it works for you, great. If it doesn't try a different one. If you're not sure of the various music players that are available on Linux, the ArchWiki has a great page and it doesn't matter if you're using Arch or an ArchBase distribution. It doesn't matter. Go to the ArchWiki and there is a list of programs available on Linux, popular programs available on Linux, and they categorize it. You know, it'll tell you the popular audio players, video players, office suites, and things like that. It is a fantastic resource, especially for new to Linux users that just don't know the names of the programs. And the next comment I want to read is, hey DT, glad you're getting better, praying for a quick and full healing for you. Want to say thanks for inspiring me to start my own YouTube channel.  I really appreciate that. This is one of those comments I've gotten from hundreds of people. I've had hundreds of different content creators contact me and say, hey, you were a big inspiration. You were a big help. I see you making all this content, you know, on Linux, free and open source software. In a lot of cases, you're saying a lot of the same things I wanted to say and you were a big inspiration for me to finally get out there and say, you know, start spreading that message too. And of course, it's not just Linux and free and open source software. I've had people contact me, you know, that finally started a YouTube channel about things that have nothing to do with Linux or technology or anything. They just, you know, were watching me see all the videos I make, all the mistakes I've made over the years, all the improvements I've made over the years and, you know, when they see some of the stuff I've done with audio and video, you know, it really helps get these people up to speed, maybe a little quicker than how it worked out for me. You know, I've been at this a little over four years now. And one of the great things about YouTube Linux is all the great Linux channels on YouTube, you know, it was a much smaller community four years ago. We didn't have nearly as many Linux YouTube channels four years ago. It was such a bigger space now because, again, I get hundreds of these comments. Hey, I just started this YouTube channel. Most of them that contact me are actually making Linux content, free and open source software content. And it's great. We're just a much bigger community now than we were four years ago. Literally, you have thousands of people on YouTube now making Linux content. And when you look at the videos being produced, you look at the views, people are actually watching this content, the communities built around these channels, many cases, very large communities. And it's an obvious sign, right? It's a metric we can point to to actually confirm what I believe. And that is that Linux is growing and not just growing, it's exploding in popularity. I really believe that, again, all you have to do is look at what's going on on YouTube and the Linux community. And I think it'll confirm that for you. And as far as this gentleman that contacted me saying I was a huge inspiration for his channel, I think his name was Jake Linux. I could be wrong. I didn't write the name down in the show notes. I do apologize, but I appreciate the kind words. And if this person or any of you guys that are starting a YouTube channel on any topic, if you're having any issues or you got any kind of questions, if I can help out in any way, feel free to ask. And the next question is, hey, DT, I've been using Qtile for a while now. Thanks to you. How did you get those animations when you're moving windows? So what he's talking about here is in some of my older videos, when I was using Qtile, Xmonad, awesome window manager, when I would move windows around or close windows or open windows, they'd have fancy animations, really fancy animations. And I had rounded corners on my windows and some of my tiling window managers. And that was achieved by using a fork of PyCom. PyCom is the standard compositor that most people use with their standalone window managers. Well, there is a fork of PyCom that I was using called PyCom-jonaberg. And it's available on the Arch user repository.  Maybe you'll find it in the repos. If not, I'm sure you could probably build it from source. But it's just a fancy version of PyCom that adds some fancy animations and rounded corners and whizbang effects. If you do a search on my YouTube channel for PyCom, look for a video, I believe the thumbnail had the text on it. It said, fancy effects for your window managers. Look for that video and it will explain all about PyCom-jonaberg. And it'll show you exactly how I achieved those effects that you saw on that video. And the final question I want to read is, hey, DT, I'm always confused about all the packages and package managers out there. Could you make a video explaining them? And I will go ahead and say I probably will not make a video trying to explain everything about packages and various package managers because there's literally dozens of ways to package things for Linux. You can install packages through your distributions, standard package manager, for example, apt and Debian and Ubuntu or Pacman on Arch or Emerge on Gen2 or DNF on Fedora. You've got your standard package managers for your distribution. But then you've got a million different third-party packaging systems that you can use. Some obvious examples would be snaps, flat packs, app images. You have your various programming language specific package managers like NPM and PIP and Cabal and Stack and Jim and Cargo and all this other stuff that there's no way I would try to explain all of that on one video. To be honest, when it comes to packages that are available and your package manager, it's really your distribution and it's one of those things when I talked to earlier, you know, you need to do a quick 30-second Google search. This is the deal. If you're new to Linux and you just installed XYZ Linux distribution, do a search for XYZ Linux package manager and hopefully Google will tell you exactly what the package manager for that distribution is. And once you know what the package manager is, read the man page. So open a terminal and type man, name of package manager. For example, on Debian or Ubuntu do man apt and it will tell you all the commands for that package manager or man pack man on Arch. It will tell you again all the commands for the pack man package manager.  Really want you to know that you pretty much know most everything you need to know about your package manager on your system. Now before I go, I need to thank a few special people. I need to thank Devon Gabe James Matt, Michael Mitchell, Paul Scott, Wes Akami, Allen Lennox, Ninja Chuck, Commander Angry, Kurt Diokai, David Dillon, Gregory Heiko, Casca, Lee, Max and Mike Nitrix, Erjan, Alexander, Peace, Arch, and Fator, Polytech, Raver, Red Prophet, Steven, and Willie. These guys, they're my highest tiered patrons over on Patreon without these guys. This episode of Haiti would not have been possible. The show is also brought to you by each and every one of these fine ladies and gentlemen as well. All these names you're seeing on the screen, these are all my supporters over on Patreon because I don't have any corporate sponsors. I'm just sponsored by you guys, the community. If you like the work I do and you want to see more great content about Lennox and free and open source software, please consider subscribing to DistroTube over on Patreon. All right guys, peace.


Women have historically played a key role in hunting for subsistence, despite the traditional view of them being primarily gatherers. This research suggests that women have been actively involved in hunting in various cultures over the last century, challenging the long-standing notion of men as the primary hunters. This shift in perspective could potentially alter our understanding of gender roles in foraging societies, as well as how people move around their environment. This article was authored by Abigail Anderson, Sophia Chilksuck, Kaley Nielsen, and others.


I prepared a range of questions but we're not going to get there because I want to give a chance to the audience to ask questions so instead of all these questions which I will have to leave for the next time, I'm going to make a very quick poll of everybody here that sits at the table. Now I'm going to ask you to give me a yes answer or a no answer although I know that it's a very complex thing. In 2028, when we gather for the 21st World Policy Conference, is there going to be a single Korean state? I'm not asking you if you like it, I'm not asking you why do you think it's difficult to answer this question, I'm just giving you an option to answer yes or no, your expectation starting with Mongolia. Is there going to be? No. No. US? No. South Korea? Japan? Russia? So that's a very, very, very decisive poll.


the highest paying business career tier list for 2023. Today, we're going to be ranking business careers from S tier, which is the best to F tier, which is the worst. And we're going to be talking about important things like salary, demand, et cetera. And there's going to be some new things on this year's list. Okay, so one thing I'm going to be emphasizing on this year's list is entry level career. So this is something that I pretty much ignored in past years. I've talked quite a bit about demand, but I've never really talked too much about the demand at the entry level. Now that's actually really important because a lot of the time that first entry level job is going to be the hardest job to land by far. Once you land that job, once you get a little bit of experience, every single job after that is going to be relatively easy to land. But there are some careers out there where there's a lot of demand, but at the entry level, there isn't so much. It's much more difficult to get that first entry level job.  So if you appreciate videos like this, go ahead and let me know by smashing that like button, like Roy Jones Jr. throwing a flying left hook, and let's jump into it right now. All right. So the first one on the list is going to be founder or CEO. CEO stands for chief executive officer, and this is the leader of a company. So according to Glassdoor, CEOs make $375,000 a year, and according to LinkedIn, there's about 23,000 results.  The first one is to start your own company. The second one is to take over a company from somebody else. And this can happen if the person retires or they sell their company, et cetera. But yeah, this one clearly, it's going to be incredibly high paying. Other CEOs that have literally made over $100 billion in a year. I think Elon Musk, one year, he made $110 billion and the next year he made like $90 billion or something. And that's technically like his net worth, like the equity in the company. So he wasn't paid $90 billion, but his net worth increased because of the equity that he has in his company. So yeah, CEO, STR, no questions. Next one on the list is going to be accounting. And I think everybody's familiar with accounting, but I'll put the definitions up on the screen just in case. Now, according to Glassdoor, accountants make about $59,000 a year. And of course, there are many different accounting jobs. Some of them make much more than that. For instance, financial controllers oftentimes will make $200,000 plus a year. And if you look on LinkedIn, you're going to see that accountants have about 50,000 results at the entry level. This one goes into B tier. Next one on the list is going to be finance, right? So there is a ton of different career options in finance. Of course, the highest paying one is going to be hedge fund manager. There's hedge fund managers that make somewhere between $1 to $10 billion per year. But if you look up finance on Glassdoor, you're going to see $96,000 a year for the salary. And if you type in finance on LinkedIn at the entry level, you're going to see 320,000 results. And I will say that finance is one of those industries and careers where you really do have to have kind of a certain personality. You have to have kind of an A type competitive personality typically. It is extremely competitive, but you can also make a lot of money. If you're a really competitive type person, this might actually be the best industry to go into. So finance is clearly going to go into S tier. Next one on the list is sales. And not only is this one of the best careers you can go into, but it's also one of the best skills in general that you can learn. They've done studies on this and the most common career that millionaires and billionaires had in their past was a sales career. And I do not think that that is any coincidence. Sales is incredibly important and it's going to teach you a lot about yourself and the world. Now, according to Glassdoor, when you type in salesmen, you're going to see $74,000 a year. And if you type in sales at the entry level on LinkedIn, you're going to see 812,000 results. Now, with that being said, there are certain sales positions that are going to be much more lucrative than others. Someone I interviewed on this channel, I've talked about him before, awesome guy, Antoine, it makes over $540,000 a year. He is in a tech sales position. And even at the entry levels, there are people that are making really good money as well. For instance, another person I interviewed on the channel, went into tech sales and she was able to actually land over $100,000 a year in her very first job. And that was without a degree or any experience. So tech sales is one of the few careers that I recommend on this channel that you can get into very quickly without a degree or any experience. Many people have been doing it already. And if you want to check out the company that I recommend to get into tech sales, I will put a link to their free training down below. Definitely check that out. They also have a more advanced training where they're not only going to train you, but they're going to give you guaranteed interviews with tech sales companies. And if you choose to use that, go ahead, use my coupon code, Shane 50. But yeah, sales without a doubt goes into S tier as well. Next one on the list is consulting. Now consulting is a really cool one because you can go into it and then there's so many different other job opportunities that you can go into afterwards. Companies absolutely love to hire consultants to work in-house after they've gained some experience. But if you type in consultant on Glassdoor, you're going to see $86,000 a year. I can tell you they can make a heck of a lot more than that. And if you type in consultant on LinkedIn at the entry level, you're going to see 540,000 results. So I'm also going to put this one into S tier as well. Next one on the list is going to be entrepreneurship slash small business. So this is basically where you start your own small business. Maybe someday it even evolves into a medium sized business. Now some types of businesses are going to have a much higher success rate than others. Typically any type of business that's in the trades or things where you do physical labor like you're, you know, going and mowing people's lawns, you're cleaning their windows, et cetera. These types of businesses have a much higher success rate than some sort of, you know, startup type business where you're trying to create an app that changes the world. But with that being said, if you start a startup, you can literally become a billionaire. Whereas if you start like a plumbing business or something like that, you can still make really good money, but you're probably not going to become a billionaire. But with that being said, when you type in entrepreneurship on Glassdoor, they show $78,000 a year for salary. And obviously it wouldn't be on LinkedIn because nobody's hiring for entrepreneurship. You have to start your own business. But yeah, this one is clearly S tier. You can make incredible money starting your own business. It's definitely not for everybody. But with that being said, some people go into business really quickly right after they turn 18. Others, they want to get some experience, gain some skills, et cetera. And then eventually down the line start their own business. Next one on the list, human resources. So according to Glassdoor, HR makes $74,000 a year. And if you type in human resource on LinkedIn, you're going to see 62,000 results. This one overall when it comes to pay is going to go into C tier. All right, next one on the list is another one of my favorite careers. And that is marketing. Now, if you look up marketing on Glassdoor, you're going to see $79,000 a year. And if you look it up on LinkedIn at the entry level, you're going to see a whopping 675,000 results. Now overall, I'm going to put marketing in A tier, but there's one type of marketing that is clearly S tier. And that is digital marketing, which is the next one on the list. Now, the reason that digital marketing is just simply better than normal types of marketing is because you can easily track the results. Other types of traditional marketing, you put up a billboard, you do a TV ad, you do a radio ad, all these sorts of things. It's very difficult to actually track the results that you're getting. With digital marketing, it is incredibly easy to track your results. And that allows you to scale your business and create more effective campaigns much more easily. So next one on the list is going to be real estate. Now, according to Glassdoor, real estate agents make about $109,000 a year. And if you look up real estate agent on LinkedIn at the entry level, you're going to see 83,000 results. Now I will say this one is really difficult to sort of figure out because the truth is a lot of real estate agents do it part-time.  So the, you know, they'll ask the family member to give it to them. So they're not really seriously trying to do real estate. Other people try to do real estate for a short time. They try to do it full-time. They fail and then they quit. Real estate is one of those careers where you do have to hustle, especially if you want to do it full-time, but you can also do it part-time as well. But with that being said, you can make a lot of money as a real estate agent. This one is going to go into A tier. Next one on the list is going to be retail. So according to Glassdoor, retail makes about $37,000 a year. And if you look it up on LinkedIn, there's 592,000 results at the entry level. So retail does not make very good money. Wouldn't recommend staying in this one for a long time. I worked in retail before. It's not bad experience, but it's definitely not something you want to get stuck in. So this one goes into F tier. Next one on the list is going to be an executive. So the chief executive officer is of course the number one executive, but there's also a lot of other executives that are below them typically. So you might have the chief financial officer, for instance, the CFO. And according to Glassdoor, executives make $93,000 a year. And if you type in business executive on LinkedIn, you're going to see 61,000 results. So this one clearly goes into S tier as well. Next one on the list is going to be management. Now I have mixed feelings about management positions because there are definitely some good ones out there. But in my experience, there are many management positions where you might get like a 20%, 30% pay bump, but the amount of work you're doing is probably double or triple what everyone else is doing. So there are managers out there that don't really get paid nearly as much as they should. So it's one of those jobs where I think it's good to get some experience as a manager. But if you're going to be a manager, you might as well just start your own business. But that's just my opinion. And I think it's kind of a case by case sort of thing. But yeah, if you look at management on Glassdoor, you see $92,000 a year. And if you look it up on LinkedIn, there are 1.8 million jobs available. So this one is going to go into A tier. Next one on the list is international business. So if you type in international business on Glassdoor, you're going to see $93,000 a year. And on LinkedIn, there's 25,000 results. Not bad, but also not amazing. This one goes into B tier. Next one on the list is logistics. And this is an underrated one in my opinion. According to Glassdoor, logisticians make about $73,000 a year. And if you look up logistics on LinkedIn, you're going to see $136,000 at the entry level. This one is pretty good. I'm going to go ahead and put it into A tier. Next one on the list is project management. If you look this one up on Glassdoor, it's $84,000 a year. On LinkedIn, it's 127,000 results. Pretty freaking good as well. I'm also going to put this one in A tier. Next one on the list is public relations. Now with a lot of these, there's a ton of different positions you can go into. So don't pay too much attention to the exact number on Glassdoor. But this is one where there's not a ton of jobs out there. But if you are able to land a good job with a good company, it can be really good. So if you look up public relation on Glassdoor, you're going to see $103,000 a year. And if you type it into LinkedIn, you're going to see 59,000 results. So this one is going to go into B tier. Next one on the list is sports management. This one is $94,000 a year on Glassdoor. And if you look it up on LinkedIn, there's 6,200 results. So honestly, not a lot of opportunity for this one. I'm going to put it into D tier. However, obviously, if you're able to become a high level sports manager, you can make a lot of money. Next one on the list is going to be sustainability. So an example of this one would be a sustainability manager. And sustainability, I'm not going to lie, is extremely hot right now. I think it's going to get even bigger over the next 10 years. But with this one, you can expect to make about $96,000 a year and there's 4,600 results. So this one is on the rise. I'm actually going to put this one into A tier. Next one on the list is a business teacher. Not really great money, about $45,000 a year. This one goes into D tier. Next one on the list is data entry. I don't think I need to say much about this one. Very, very basic job. They make about $36,000 a year is a relatively easy job to get, but it's pretty mindless. So this one goes into F tier. So check out that interview with Della who is able to land a tech sales position with her dream company and a month and a half. Gently tap that like button and hit the subscribe button, ring the notification bell and comment down below any thoughts, comments, criticisms, et cetera that you have on the video and I will see you next time.


DJ, you've been one of the guys that's been working out for a very long time down here in Tampa. Why did you feel like that was necessary heading into this season? Yeah, it was a really good offseason. I enjoyed working out down here. There's a lot of resources. You know, a lot of space, a lot of cages get on the field almost every day. So it was a good spot to be and help me get ready for this year. Was there anything in particular you were focusing on this offseason? All areas, all areas, a little bit everything. So just trying to put myself in a good spot to you know, a good foundation to go this year. When you look at last season, how do you kind of evaluate it as a whole? It seemed like you really started to find your swing in the second half. What was the difference there? Well, it was a tough year last year. It was a tough year and I was excited to get going in the offseason and get ready for this year. Definitely got kicked a few times last year as a team and personally and ready to get 24 going. How do you flush that? How do you shake that? You know, it was great being down here. Great being down here with the guys. We're pushing each other. We all remember what happened last year. So it was good to be around the guys and to get after it pretty quickly after last year. What makes you a good lead-off guy for this lineup? You know, I'm comfortable wherever I'm hitting. It's a lot of options. We can do a lot of things with this lineup. We've got a lot of depth. So it's just a fun lineup to be a part of and we've seen that already in spring training. You mentioned that depth. How exciting is it when you think about what this lineup could potentially be? Thank you for saving. I got you. I'm sorry, what did you say? Just a lineup. The potential of the lineup. You see they get Soto, obviously. You get Verdugo. There's a lot of guys that can do damage in this lineup. Yeah. I think we have a good balance of lefties, righties, and obviously adding talent. Left or right never hurts. So, you know, those newer guys have been great. You know, they're ready to go. They're ready to go. They're ready to be a part of it. You know, I know we all have the same goal in mind. How would you describe this team's motivation right now? I think we're all excited to see each other and get going here on day one. DJ, thanks for the time. All right, thank you.


I think there is like two big strengths. One could be called an issue of positioning and the other one an issue of orientation. So in terms of positioning, this is very much an economic argument saying that international student mobility is important because of human capital development, because of finding your niche, developing your skills to compete in a global labor market and at the same time that same argument can also be used for the institutions that universities are also competing internationally for the most talented students to draw the best heads as it were to come to the universities in order to gain a competitive edge and all of this of course has to do with globalization, with the global knowledge economy, which is borderless basically and which sees itself as kind of moving freely in the globe. So from that point of view, for many universities investing in international student mobility is viewed as just that, a profitable investment, which is kind of the reverse of what's the case in Denmark, right? In Denmark students receive a stipend and in the UK for example, students have to pay quite high fees in order to study at UK and UK universities. The other approach, not the positioning approach, but more the orientation approach, is kind of a critical, a humanist, a more classical concept related to the German idea of bildung, which means education is basically a human right. It has to do with developing your capacities with having, with being exposed to other cultures and learning about the world being in interaction with other people and with other approaches to knowledge. And so in that regard, universities are seen as places of connectivity where critiques and or were critical and imagination is developed and this is taking place in unfamiliar settings. So it's an interactive kind of a position and this orientation view is often seen in opposition to the instrumentalist view, but maybe it does not necessarily have to be so. I will at this point maybe not talk about the proposition by Low and others about the capabilities approach, but just let me say that this is an attempt to merge kind of what the latest trends in university development are and relate that back to the original idea of the university. And let me maybe at this point stress that because sometimes when we talk about mobility we might lose sight of what is the core mission of the universities and you might know that there is a huge debate about this and especially in the German speaking world and France to the unconditional university debate started by Jacques Derrida and others is continuing and these scholars emphasize the core of the university is not research and teaching in the sense that we view it now because there are many other institutions who do research and there are other institutions that do teaching the core of the university is to provide a public space for open debates where kind of new knowledge is explored when new answers are sought in a free exchange between student and professors. Now, this is a very idealistic view, no question about it but it still is important I think to ask how can we integrate that into our ideas of mobility which are very often, you know, very brief, very small-scaled, especially when we talk about the microwave.


When agencies approach us it's all about marrying both kind of the creative messaging and the data and science behind it and who can bring those two perfectly together so we can tell the creative story in the most targeted most efficient way. I think in order for the media campaigns to continue to be strong and evolve we really need to make sure that the insights come out very strongly that they're really tied to a media idea and that the execution tells a really great story and quite frankly we have the fantastic results for the brands. If you're spending all of your time to defend business you have and to pitch business you don't have, it's not time for and not not enough talent also to do great works. One thing that gets in the way of agency relationships is just the need to get really technical really fast and get into the weeds and it's about stepping back and looking at the macro objectives of a brand and a client and then kind of going from there and diving into what solutions would best work. Changing agency over two or three years is is a devastating for creativity actually in the marketplace. If we don't do both the industry is going to become nothing more than everything's data-driven which is important but if there's no creativity or strategy included it's just something that our clients will be ultimately able to do for themselves and that's dangerous to our industry.