I'm Nicole van der Hove, and I'm not actually Dutch by blood. I'm Dutch by nationality, though, and residence, which is what counts. I'm a developer advocate at Grafana Labs, and today I'm going to talk about emergent load testing, one of my favorite topics. I've been a performance tester for over 12 years, and so today I'm going to be telling you what emergence is, and then I'm going to raise some questions and maybe have a few answers for how we could apply that to our testing, especially load testing. I say maybe because while I do have code for some of these things, it's always difficult with a mixed crowd, so consider this presentation a little bit more conceptual. It's more of a testing approach than a fully fleshed out framework because I don't believe that many of those can be applied to everyone anyway. So this is my definition of emergence. Emergence in general is the evolution of a whole beyond its parts in unexpected ways. We're going to go over this and we're going to have examples, but in general it's called an evolution because it is something that is iterative. We're familiar with this as engineers, I'm sure, and it is also important to note that these changes come about after generations. It's not something that just happens. We can't always plan for emergence, but we can do a few things to cause it to occur. So the whole refers to the entire system, so this could be an actual application, or it could be nature, which we'll see in the next slide. The parts refer to individuals or components within the system, and then the changes that are happening here are going to be unexpected because just like nature, things sometimes happen, we can plan for things, but other things that are unexpected always come up and we just need to, as engineers, be able to cope with them. So let's look at an example in nature. This is such a cool picture, it's not my picture. Ants are really fascinating creatures because if you take an individual ant, they have very simplistic brains, they're insects. They're driven to do certain things and that's it. They're not really thinking about the philosophical implications of it. And it's actually a bit misleading to think of an ant queen because that word doesn't mean for ants what it does to us. Ant queen, ants don't have leaders. The ant queen is just another ant with a different role. And when we think of a queen, we think of some sort of leader, whether that's an actual leader or a political figurehead, it's still some sort of leader. They don't have that. In an ant colony, nobody's actually deciding what the colony is going to do. So how do they figure stuff out? Somehow they managed to do things like make bridges with our bodies. I mean, I think that as humans, if we were told to do something like this, I think we would struggle. And that's with our supposedly superior intellect. So ants as a colony somehow managed to display a characteristic as a colony that they don't display as individual ants. So it's a bit difficult to be able to pin down exactly what causes this to occur. But there are some things that we can point to that do facilitate this weird phenomenon called emergence. First, emergence requires a system of organized complexity. A super simple system or a super simple question is just gonna need a super simple answer. So nothing really needs to emerge. This is just logic and we're following it through to its natural conclusion. It also has to be organized though, because if it were completely random, then there's nothing, there are no patterns that we can point to and it's just going to be anarchy. The second thing is emergence requires diversity. Diversity in terms of sample size, there have to be a significant amount of ants, a significant number of ants, before you can say that one characteristic that they display can be abstracted to the whole. But also a diversity in approach. In an ant colony, there is a queen bee, a queen bee, okay bees can be part of this as well. But there is a queen ant and a worker ant and a lot of other types of ants that all have these specializations. They don't all have to agree what they're doing, they're just doing their job. So we have to also try to capitalize on that. And emergence also requires network communication. There's no ant that's shouting and giving orders to the other ants so that they can make this ant bridge happen after all. Each one is constantly communicating in different ways through pheromones and stuff, but they're not communicating to everyone. They're communicating to the neighbors that are right next to them and those neighbors are communicating to their neighbors. And so there is like the spidering out even though they don't have something that's as sophisticated as our communication networks. The other thing is that emergence requires feedback. It has to go both ways. An ant tells the rest of the colony where food is, but it's also getting signals back about where ants have been already and where it shouldn't go again. There's also agency. Now this is the difficult one because ants do have an element of agency. Each one gets to decide what to do on its own. It is not a carbon copy. It's not a machine. There is some play in their responses. And lastly, emergence requires serendipity, the possibility and intellectual capacity to be imperfect. And you might think like, why would we even plan for something to be imperfect? Well, for example, in the case of testing, why would we try for a perfect test when our systems aren't perfect? In fact, it might have the opposite effect if our tests are super clean and only test for the expected. So with the ants, they might not all react in the same way and that imperfection can facilitate emergence. So time to apply this to software. This is made appropriately by AI mid-journey. What if software could be evolved and not written? We always think of software as something that we write. What would that even look like? What would emergent code be like? But you might already be thinking, isn't that just artificial intelligence? My answer is no, and here's why. There are two reasons. AI is supposed to be explainable or at least good AI is supposed to be explainable. Meaning even if you jump to the result like this image here and you don't know what it looked at to get there and it's a surprising result, you could still, if you wanted to, you could look at the code and still be able to see why it made the decisions that it did. There's a decision tree, there's inputs. Every step is a logical progression. That's not how it works with emergence. Like when you look at evolution, like in the Galapagos Islands, there was this batfish. It's a fish that's already called a batfish, so it was already starting from not very much. But there's a leap in evolution that it made where suddenly it evolved red lips. Why would a fish need red lips? In the bottom of the ocean, we don't really know. That's what I mean that emergence isn't explainable the way that AI is. And the other thing is that when we say AI these days, it is so vague. We just call everything AI that's even remotely clever. Sometimes it's just like a particularly cool bit of code and it's like, oh, that's AI because it's smart. That's not actually what AI is. And that's also why we can't say that all AI is emergent, but some AI can be emergent. Imperative code is probably the kind of code that we're most familiar with. It's mostly what we use today. It is sequential and it's instructional. So it's a series of steps. Just follow A to Z or Z if you're American. And you go, if this, then that, else that. It's all very logical and all computers just go through it the way that it was written. There's also, it's also very precise. There's no room for ambiguity. The computer doesn't sort of think like, oh, well, I don't really feel like doing that. It just has to do it. So for the Trekkies out there, it's like the Borg. The Borg are an incredibly complex and very, very powerful enemy really, that nearly wiped out the Federation many times. But they do have a weakness and that's the Queen because the Queen is where it all comes from. They might be complex machines, but they are still just drones. And that's why you see the Federation going into their actual spaceships and being able to do to wreak havoc there because they're not really thinking in that way. They're just following their instructions. So they're still controlled by a central mind. This isn't emergent. Not that it's bad, but it's not emergent. The next kind of code that already exists is declarative. We're seeing this more in our environments. It is goal-oriented. So this is, the declarative code more describes what the end result is going to be. We're not really saying how we're gonna get there. It has a defined output. There's a state that you said at the end. That's the intended result of it. Yet it does have limited instructions and maybe on purpose because we don't necessarily know what something, what needs to happen to get to the end result. So the way that I think of this is like Zelda, Breath of the Wild. There's a puzzle. And you know generally how the puzzle should be finished or should be completed, but there are actually a lot of things that you can try out, like a lot of different solutions. So this is a little bit more open-ended and it is closer to emergence, but it's still not quite there. Because remember that emergence is about new and unexpected behaviors. This is still not new or unexpected. So what kind of code could facilitate that? Here's where I need you to take like a leap of faith with me and suspend your disbelief because I'm proposing something that I'm calling generative code because you need to have a name with something when you propose it. Generative code is something that is given a sufficiently large sample of input and then it autonomously produces a large range of output. So it's a little bit more vague. There is no set and goal. There is a starting point, but it's more like a range. This actually isn't new. This isn't my idea. For example, the actor model in computer science describes an actor that can make decisions on itself, on its own and formulate its own responses, but can also talk to other actors. So generative code provides input right up front, like here's where you are. This is the situation that you're in. And then it determines a range of affordances. So this is a term that I'm borrowing from design actually. When they talk of an affordance, they mean ways in which we can interact with something. So let's take a chair. An affordance of a chair is that it can be sat on, but if you ask my nephew, he looks at a chair, he tilts it on its side and it's a pretend train. That is an affordance of a chair, not the one we were expecting, not the one we planned for, but it is an affordance of the chair nonetheless. So it is broader than requirements. It's broader than SLOs. And generative code is open-ended because weirdly, there's no intended end result. I mean, you just intend that there is one, but what that is exactly, we don't know. And that also makes it a little bit more realistic. So if imperative code is like the Borg and declarative code is like Breath of the Wild, then I'm gonna say the generative code is more like a tabletop role-playing game. I played Dungeons and Dragons several times a week. I just came from a game last night. And the cool thing about it is there's always this part in a video game where you're like, I just wanna climb that mountain.  There's no code here. There's no graphics here. You just kind of hit a limit and that's it. Role-playing games aren't like that because it's based on improv. So you have a boss there and it's not like you just have to fight it. It's like, yeah, the boss could end up dead. You could end up dead. You could charm the monster. You could charm some other dopey knight to come and fight the monster for you. You could kind of distract it and then sneak away with a treasure. It's so open-ended that the possibilities are really exciting. So imperative code explains what the goal is and how to get there. Declarative code sets the what, but not the how. And generative code doesn't set either the what or the how. Instead, I think that it more says where. These are the boundaries of play. These are the things that we can play with. These are the affordances. To some degree, our code and our systems are already displaying emergent behavior. Things happen in production that we would say are explainable, but not expected. And there's still like some sort of internal logic. But when I look at something like this, I consider myself primarily, first and foremost, a tester. And so I don't consider myself as much of a developer or a platform engineer. So what I look at, what I think about when I look at this is I think, how am I going to test something that's so emergent and so all of this like black box stuff, how do I pin it down enough to be able to test it? And the problem is that when you look at emergent systems and you look at how we're testing now, testing hasn't caught up at all. Testing is still imperative, almost 100%.  And when you zoom in, you might think that it's just like little bits of black and red paint. And when we test it, we just say, what is the ratio of black to red paint? That's kind of missing the point. That's useful. Maybe that's one of the things we want to check, but it definitely needs to, it needs something. It's lacking that je ne sais quoi. There's something the soul that isn't really translatable. We're still treating tests like they need to be precise, instructional, sequential. So how could we encourage our tests and because of my interests, our load tests to be emergent? Here's my plan. First, we could define the affordances of an application, the things that we can and want to test and also the things that our testing tool is able to test because that is a limitation as well. Second, we could follow in the footsteps of ants and assign certain types of tests roles. Third, we could give these tests, these ants, some sort of feedback based on their performance, not a goal because then we're back to imperative, but some sort of feedback so that they know where to go, like they have a direction to head. And lastly, we need to figure out how to get these tests to evolve. You've probably seen this list of illities or ones like it, so I won't go through all of them here. In design, I said an affordance is a way that we can interact with an object. I think that these are the ways that a test can interact with our system. They are different goals sometimes, they run in compliments, sometimes they oppose. Sometimes they're things that you have to, they're sacrifices you make at the expense of speed, for example. So when I think about the ways in which a load test interacts with the system, these are the things that I can come up with. In the next slides, I'm going to get into the technical part and I'm going to show you how we can test each of these affordances and then put it all together. Okay, disclaimer here, I am from Grafana. You may or may not know Grafana acquired K6. So I have to put that bias out there, but actually the stuff I'm showing you is so experimental that it can only be done with the free and open source version. So there's that, you don't need anything to use this. This is a tool called K6, it's k6.io. It is a free and open source tool. It's written in Go, so it has all of the performance benefits of being written in Go. And the scripting though is done in JavaScript because it's pretty much ubiquitous for lots of personas. And it's also like the convenience of an interpreted language. It's also got an open source extension ecosystem that anybody can create. Some of the things I'm showing you were made by the team. Some were maintained or first created by community developers. And it also it plays with others. K6 is super composable, super modular. And the fact that it's part of the Grafana suite of projects means that it also works really well with that observability stack. But if you have another tool that you're using, everything that I'm going to be mentioning, because again it's an approach, is going to work for that tool too. Here's an example of a very simple K6 load test. So this is on the protocol level. It makes a single HTTP request to an endpoint. And when it gets back the response, it checks to see whether the HTTP response code is a 200. That's a one step test. And to run that as just K6 run test.js on your terminal. It's not the breadth of what K6 can do though, because we're trying to test, I mean you could have different tools testing, different affordances, but like why? You should just have as much as possible, fewer tools. This is another affordance, browser testing. So the previous slide showed a protocol level test, which means it's sending the actual requests. I showed HTTP, but it could be GRPC or something. This is actually a script that interacts with the browser, that interacts with the application through the browser. So you're not making the underlying requests.  So it is pretty similar, except that it's all based on the DOM of the page and there's still a check. And the way that you would run it is to just have this flag, which is K6 browser enabled equals true. Browser tests in K6 can give metrics that add to what you can get with a protocol level test. If you're only testing on the protocol level, you're missing out on the actual user experience of how long does something take before it renders on the page or above the fold or how long before they can interact with something. Those things are important too, important parts of your application and user experience. K6 can also send test results to Prometheus via remote rate, just by adding this output flag. So you can get the protocol and browser level metrics going to the same place. That's especially handy if you're already using it. And then to take things further, if you've instrumented your system already, then the K6 tracing module just lets you instrument HTTP headers as well. So it starts the traces from that level from the test level itself. This is another one, there's only a few more. This is an XK6 Kubernetes extension. This is a community extension and it lets you interact with a Kubernetes cluster from within the test script. So this is where it starts to get cool because now we have a test that doesn't just take what it's given. It's a test that can actually spin up its own environment and modify it and tear it down and do whatever it wants with it based on things that it received from the same application. Imagine the possibilities of a test that is that smart. In a similar vein, this is in the realm of chaos. The XK6 Disruptor is also an extension and it interacts with Kubernetes clusters to inject HTTP failures. So this could be like delaying traffic or it could be like just returning an error or an error code or something in the body. And again, having a test that can do this means that it doesn't actually have to reproduce the actual error. It can just fire off this test and see what happens. And then for the communication part that I was talking about with the ads that have network communication, you could use something like K6 Redis as with Redis as a data store to kind of put load testing, not just results, but like certain things about how the test is going. And that could be like a central repository where they all are able to access it. It's another thing that would facilitate emergence. So here are the affordances that I was talking about. Now we've got browser testing, monitoring, tracing, scaling, disrupting and communicating. These are all available. This is like the starting line for any load tests. How do we put them together? I think the standard way as a tester of doing this is through something like scenarios. This is how it's done in K6. There are three scenarios here running concurrently. The checkout HTTP is the protocol level one. Check out browsers, the browser one and this disruptor is the XK6 disruptor. Each of them can have different stages and test parameters. You can have different virtual users that are set in it and they can all run at certain times. But this still isn't really generative or emergent. This is still pretty basic. This is where it gets more theoretical. I think that the main thing that we're missing is agency and agency requires choice. Our tests don't really have choices when we're scripting everything out for them. So I think it's about having on the left column feedback. What are the things that a test can actually know about the state of the world, the state of the application? And there are things like response time, response code and so on. There's so many of these and they're going to be so application specific. But the first step is identifying them so that you know what you can play with. And then on the right side, these are the affordances. What are the things that the test can actually do? And that's why I had to go through all those script examples so that I can show you that yes, load tests can actually interact with the application in these ways. The key thing is not to draw a correlation. You can't say when response time increases then decrease the number of virtual users because then you're putting what you want onto the test and you're not letting it decide for itself. This is a way to test our own expectations. There's a time and a place for that kind of testing. But when you're purposely doing something more explorative like this, then I think it's better to just leave it open for it to make its own connections and to try it all out. After all, after a few generations and a few executions of the test, if your premise is right, if your theory is right, it's gonna end up there anyway. The next part is assigning roles. So think of a group of virtual users or instances of this load test as a type of ant, like a queen ant or a worker ant. We could give them roles the way that those ants get as well. So we could assign our tests roles, some of them maybe prioritize elasticity or scalability, some of them maybe prioritize speed and then explore how much do these overlap or maybe they don't overlap at all and that's useful information too. You can think of this as an ant army. Personally, I like that idea and that metaphor more than the idea of a simian army because a simian army is just, well, it's really random, it's chaotic and sometimes not in a realistic way. I would prefer to have like this considered collective intelligence of ants all going towards the same thing, all trying to do what they want to do but somehow what comes next is going to be something that's more considered than just like a monkey with a wrench in a data center. So I like that analogy better. So we would still need some way though to give feedback. We can't just let them lose and then what do they do? What does that tell us about our application? What if they do something else entirely? So we have to give them some sort of score and that's why I think we should also think about assigning each ant or each type of test, some sort of score dependent on their role and this would be like maybe the response time would be more important for the speed ant, that kind of thing. It's important to note that the scores aren't for us to judge them. It's for them to judge themselves because they're not playing on the same field because they have different roles. And then I thought like we could also allow evolution of these tests. So I showed you K6 right as earlier, what's stopping us from having at the end of the test some something that writes out a factor or that score perhaps somewhere else and then we could let each ant assign a variable as weighting each of the affordances. So it could decide for itself like, oh, I tried this, this time as a speed ant, I really paid attention to load tests. Did that actually work? Let's check the score. And then of course at the end of the cycle they can then vary that weight as well. This is imprecise on purpose, because every application is going to be different. Some other things to consider I'll go through these quickly. Should SLOs be provided as input? I thought about this, I'm not sure. In some cases I think it could work. In others I think it might be too restrictive. Should it be role dependent? I'm inclined to say maybe yes, maybe not all of them should get all the SLOs or should have all the same input. Then I thought about what if they had their own initial like evolution cycle, different runs of the test where they go through this and they get the score and assign the weightings and have them do it on their own first before they kind of play together. That's an option too. Other affordances that we can add, we haven't touched on accessibility at all for example, is that important? Maybe there should be another role as well that is the like accessibility ant or something. And then the question of how to correlate your scores. The answer is you don't. You get the last part because evolution doesn't work that way. You know, you don't sort of cut it off and say like this is the part that I want to keep. You just take the last part. Okay, so we've ticked all the boxes for emergence here. I've already gone through these. But the question is just because we have this doesn't mean that we are going to have emergence. And then what will we, how will we even know? Like what are we exactly waiting for? What is supposed to emerge? What is the point of this testing? We might be tempted to say that the reason to test is to induce failure or is to find out what to do to get something to fail. I think it's much more realistic to just assume it's going to fail. And instead, what emerges is thresholds of operation. That's really the point of all of this. Emergent load testing happens to be really good at being able to map out the boundaries of what your application can handle in a way that you didn't perceive beforehand in a way that you didn't predict beforehand. There are some disadvantages that I want to mention. It takes time. We're talking about several evolutions. It's very loosey-goosey. Yeah, it's going to take time. That's why it shouldn't be something that you replace all of your existing test suites with. It's also unpredictable because you don't know if you're going to get the same thing twice. It's also unrepeatable, not repeatable. And it's unreliable from the point of view of not getting that consistency in results because you're trying to get them to evolve and nature doesn't work that way. So when does emergence work best? When a system is increasingly complex, the more complex a system is, the more resistant it is to these imperative-style testing. And that's when emergent load testing really shines. A system still has to display internal logic, can't just be like complete chaos when there's sufficient time and when exploration is the goal of what you're trying to do. So when you have a very specific defect and you want to reproduce that in production, this is not the one to use for it. This is the one that you use when you're just exploring. Summary, emergence is the evolution of the whole beyond its parts in unexpected ways. We've talked about imperative code and declarative code and how generative code could be the name for a new kind of code that sets not the what or the how, but the when. And then we talked about how tests haven't kept up with any of this at all. We are still doing imperative testing for the most part. We might be declaratively deploying some tests, but for the most part, it's still imperative. There's a big gap here. And then to encourage emergence in load testing, here are some of the things that you can do. You can define the affordances of the application. How can a load test interact with the application? You can assign roles. You can rate each test and then allow imperfect evolution. The imperfect part is important. And then emergence is what you learn about the tolerances of your application. And also, emergence isn't a silver bullet. It's not the end all and be all. It is one tool in our quiver potentially. Okay, that was it. These slides are all available on my site. I just published it. It is the last blog post. And all of the reference things, all of the code is referenced here, including the stuff on K6. And this was inspired by this book by Stephen Johnson, Emergence, The Connected Lives of Ants, Brain Cities, and Software. Thank you, everybody, for listening. I think we also have time for questions. Do we do questions? Do we have any questions? Yes? Oh, yeah, I think so. Thanks for that. My mind is thoroughly, let's try again. Oh, okay, I think it's better. Does yours work? So, yeah, my mind's thoroughly blown. Awesome, and a good way, I hope. But so here's the question. It's a comment saying asks for forgiveness, not permission, right? So when things have agency and motivation, not all affordances are given, right? Sometimes there are insects in my house that I don't want to be there. They have an affordance. I may not like it, but they have one, and I've discovered it by the fact that they are there. In the process of this, did you discover affordances that you didn't realize that you'd given your generative agents? First question. And the second one, how does this compete with fuzzing? I don't need agency. I can just throw randomness at a thing. In what way is this better? Yeah, I definitely did. Especially when you get into the chaos stuff. I mean, I think you could, we're setting the where, right? So you can still apply the thing from chaos about starting small and then increasing the blast radius. So you could do it that way. A lot of the disruptor stuff, it was like, oh, I was trying to tune that. Well, now it's gone. There is a lot of that as well. So I think I don't have a concrete answer for you because you kind of just have to wing it and slowly increase the blast radius, I guess. And I think there's still room for fuzzing and there's still a cause for that. I think this is more an addition rather than a subtraction, if that makes sense. But I'm glad your mind was blown. Any other questions? You can also, there's a question there, but you can also ask me on Twitter. And, oh, I think I put it in there. Actually, don't ask me on Twitter. I don't do Twitter anymore. I do master dawn, apparently. Thank you for the setting, that was very good. Well, you were teaching us, you said there's a difference between AI and emergence that you were explaining. Can AI be trained to do emergence? I think it can be trained to encourage it. Yeah, I think there are ways to do AI that facilitate emergence a little bit more. Like quality of input is a big thing.   That's because its input wasn't good enough. So I think that is not an example of AI, but not of emergence. I think there is good AI that can be trained to do it. Yeah. All right, I think that was it. Everybody feel free to come up to me and ask me stuff if you see me around. Otherwise, see you on social media, and thanks for listening.


Here finishes the route to national three and we basically rode the whole thing Hi, I'm Lavi and I'm Oli and this is our hero bumblebee together We are attempting a Guinness World Record to become the youngest pair to circumnavigate the globe by motorcycle Join us for season three here in South America Good money world. Welcome back to the channel. It's Dana about 254 on our circumnavigation around the globe by motorcycle We're here at the very bottom of Patagonia in the most southerly city in the world Ushuaia on the island of Tierra del Fuego And have a look around We've been here in Ushuaia for the past six days five days We have been sick and we still feel a little bit sick I think the change in temperature was a little bit too much for our bodies So yeah, we have been actually just in bed and try to recover But now we are ready to hit the road again. Yeah, so let me show you guys where we're heading today So we are here in Ushuaia and first we'll be heading across to Lapetaya the end of the route of Tres before heading back up to Rio Grande heading on this dirt road here along the coast and Finishing the day somewhere around here Yes This may be the most southerly city in the world But the router 3 that we've been taking all the way from Buenos Aires doesn't actually finish here But 20 kilometers further in a place called Lapetaya So actually we've got to ride all the way to the end of the router 3 Before we turn around and head back north. So it's already 10 o'clock and we have a long way to go So better hit the road. Let's go. Hi guys. Just a quick reminder We have recently opened our very own YouTube membership program If you've been enjoying our videos on our round-the-world trip so far, it would be amazing if you could help support our channel We'll also be doing live Q&As with our members and giving them early access to episodes There are four tiers of membership, but everyone gets the same benefits So join for however much you like. We would really appreciate the help and now back to the episode. So this is where we Stayed up here on the third floor for the past six days. It's a very cute little apartment block Covered in like red corrugated sheeting. Yeah, but the best about this apartments here are the views actually Look at the mountains all around mountain views everywhere Look at this beauty is just ahead Epic oh there we go the dirt road starts Yeah, pretty much at the end of the town There's a golf course here Yeah, yeah, the town has like one set of tennis courts and one golf course Wow So we're just coming into the National Park Park National Tierra del Fuego. I don't know the entry price though We'll find out Yeah, it's hard to see there like three thousand two hundred How much is that? It's about 18 pounds 18 pounds No way Yeah for one day one day and those the ass is four thousand eight hundred is for two days Una Diaz England and I live I am a yeah, that's yes Gracias, which is gracias All right, all righty Here is the end of the world train down there that if you guys can see well, but This is like a train that they used to use to transport wood from the mountains To the town when the town was a penal colony They would make the prisoners go out into the mountains get wood bring them back And they basically did that for their heating but now it runs as like a tourist train So it goes from the edge of the town out into this National Park And it's called the end of the world train the trend of fin de mundo very cool awesome Why is he a police station? Keep this guy under control Mr. Goose another bridge Look at these bridges Yeah, I look like a dreamland here Paradise at the end of the world I think we're coming up to the end It's busy at the end of the world And honestly, I think this might be The end of the root of three. Oh, wow. We can't ride any further Wow That's absolutely crazy Here it says Aki finaliza la ruta national three here finishes the ruta national three Which started in Buenos Aires? 3079 kilometers ago And we basically rode the whole thing Look at that Wow all the way from start to finish that's absolutely crazy 18,000 to Alaska Nice look at this beautiful Bumblebee transformed into a boat absolutely Stunning views Wow Now I'm gonna get back over through the little wooden barrier Where can I go? Maybe just here it's gonna fit. Yep This is a post office Unidad postal fin del mundo Okay, I see our nice so you can actually send a postcard from the end of the world We're running Right parallel now to the end of the world train line. Look at that. We got some like lovely horses here Have a good nice chill. Yes morning This is the end So we looked on the map and this is actually our last Little detour road. So pretty much we've seen all that you can see via the roads without hiking It's time to head north now. Yeah, I think it's yeah time to head out of the park. Hey, yes All right coming back into a shwire now and Before we leave town we've got one last stop which is to head to a view point up here Wow, look ahead already. Yeah, so up ahead is the martial glacier up there on the mountain This is actually the road that goes up to the ski station and it should give us Some views over the bay Over the town of a shwire behind us Yeah, this is where we stayed last night in our dreams. Yeah Wow, look ahead That's so cool. That's epic Yeah, I think this is the end Actually looks like you don't really get views of the town From this road. You can just see the trees and a little bit of the bay Aha, we found a view point Nice. Oh, wow, this fence is not very Structurally safe. There you go This is the Beagle Channel. I don't know what the name of the bay is. We'll call it a shwire bay And the town of a shwire in front cool, hey You can see quite a few cruise ships down at the bottom there one two three four five six and a lot of the People here that we saw in the park and spoke to they're actually on these cruises that go all into Antarctica and round all this area That just looks epic. Hey There we go. We're just leaving a shwire. Goodbye Goodbye a shwire the town at the end of the world so pretty much That's the end of the south and now it's just north from here all the way to Canada Yes, that's crazy. We just turned around Let's go Down to the bottom turn around and up to the top easy as easy as Thanks a lot my driver Even though we were Sick the whole time that we were here It's still a major major milestone in the journey to reach down here. Yeah, definitely You know, this is basically The first milestone was like got to reach Dakar And then when we reached Dakar got the bike to Brazil The next milestone was like get to a shwire the whole time get to a shwire get to where it's nice and cool in Chile And get sick straight away and then get sick because it's too chilly But yeah, look at this mountain view from the way out. Wow That's some impressive mountain views here What a gift a what a gift from Mother Nature Create something like this here at the end of the world So it's 4 30 p.m. Now, and we're just stopping for a break in the town of Tallulaheen Done about a hundred miles. It's a perfect time to have some cake.  It's like Marmalade Give it a go. I've also got some peanuts So there we go It's a bit crumbly Yep, they baked it and then hit it with a hammer I mean I'll take a bit of that So we just met Leo What is Honda 250? Provincia de Córdoba from Córdoba in Argentina and he's got a sticker And Lavi's gonna stick it on the bike Yes, yes another one for the box Amazing Leo Kobo Moto via hero moto via hero. What does moto via hero mean? Viajo travel in Motorcycle traveler Cool, it's not very often that we meet another person crazy enough to try to film What they're doing whilst traveling around on a motorcycle. Anyway, Leo is heading on the same way as us Up north from here. So maybe we'll see him again on the roads For sure we will So we've left the mountains behind And we got the windbag Yeah The trade isn't it? Yeah, so our next aim isn't actually to make it back to the Chilean border Yeah, the same border crossing that we took to get over here That's still another hundred miles or so and then after we cross the border We'll be looking for a place to camp on Iovlanda. That's the plan And if we're lucky we might have a surprise for you at the end We decided to take a little loop and swing by the town of Rio Grande On our way through this is like the second largest town on the island of Sierra del Fuego So I thought it'd be interesting if we at least go and have a look and see how it is Look at this grand entrance road. I Don't really know what these are, but it's kind of cool I don't know it's like Seating areas and little steps, but man, this is a very windy city to live in very windy and very industrial as well Yeah, yeah, it's not as charming as Urshuaia. That's for sure Look at that.  Yes Okay, let's put the stand down Yes We see at the border. Yeah Awesome So I'll just explain quickly because that seems really random, right, but Agnes and Glenn Who we saw in Morocco for those of you that saw that series They are also here in the region, which is great. We actually saw them in Urshuaia and now Whilst we've been riding they've also been hitchhiking their way up in the same direction So we can hopefully make it together to some spots that we can like camp or do a hike together It's absolutely lovely Adventure camping! So for tonight, we've let them know the Ioverlander camp that we've chosen on the other side of the border So they're actually gonna try and get their hitchhiking But it's still quite a long way to go So we'll see if they can make it, but if they make it then we'll be camping together tonight and then tomorrow We'll be both heading to a penguin colony So that's gonna be awesome We just smashed out a whole lot of road between Rio Grande and San Sebastian Which where we are now and We are just arriving at the border We just fill up petrol quickly here still in Argentina because it's cheaper Yes, they say it's about double the price in Chile. So, yeah, let's get as much as we can here 20 litres Kilometre, maybe four hundred, four hundred kilometre But with the wind? No, with the wind I know, I know. Frontera is... Yes, yes, yes Bus, bus! Gracias, muchas gracias Okay Rock and roll To the border then. Yes Okay, there's the guy Hola Oh here the stamping here. Okay, gracias. So now we've got to get passports stamped and Give our temporary import permit back Awesome, that was quick and easy Now we've got to cross over to the Chilean side of the border and get a new Chilean Temporary import permit and get our passports stamped in to there.  In, out, in, out, in, out So what's going on here?  Oh no, I don't know I don't know We've got fruit again because we forgot and we bought from the supermarket The last time the last time we had to eat a half a block of cheese This time we've decided that we're just gonna like ask them if it's okay to take it through the border Maybe if they check it that we can declare it. Yeah, okay. I'll go check it out Okay, so we went in and we got everything sorted with bumblebee and our passports There's no problems at all. Got our new temporary import permit But we asked them like on the declaration form if we say yes, we have fruits Does that mean you can look at the fruit and then we can still come in? And he says no, no, it's not allowed So I said well, so why would we say that we have fruits and then just throw it away When we could just eat the fruits and then say we don't have fruit when we go to the border So he said, oh, okay.  I prepare our breakfast Yeah, we found out that we also had raw egg and we're not allowed that either So, yeah, cooking up dinner, cooking up breakfast, just cooking everything Because we asked the guy, we said, is it okay if we cook the stuff, then we can bring it in He said, yeah, cooked fruit is fine It's so crazy. Wow So many sheep here at the border That's really funny Fresh orange juice This is a good way to get rid of six oranges and mandarins Look at this, aubergine, bean wrap With a freshly squeezed orange and mandarin juice This is like gourmet at the border We're living like kings We should start a cooking show Gourmet at the border Awesome, right, gourmet border dinner is done So now it's time to actually get into Chile And it is pretty chilly at the moment Okay, so I'm not sure if we have to do something here I don't think so We gave them the form Yeah Okay Yeah No one's coming out No one's running after us We gave them the declaration Is there anybody running after us? No Okay, then we have entered Chile Yay And this time we will actually stay in Chile a little bit longer But right now, our main mission is to get to this camping place With this roadside place we saw on iOverlander But it's really near sunset already Look at this Yeah, wow The time is 9.41 That's insane The sunset is at 10.10 Yeah, so I think we're actually going to be setting up Slightly in the dark Because we've got about a half an hour ride To get to this place Yeah Oh man, okay I think we gourmeted out a little bit too much Yes We are arriving Yes And it's not pitch black yet And we have the most beautiful views ever Oh wow Yeah, look at this sunset with the mountains behind Stunning That's great Can I introduce you to our home? Ta-da There you go Want to We can choose Cool, look at this It's got a little mezzanine and everything Whoa Oh wow, cool That's really cool Have a look at this one Okay We've decided that there's some beautiful grass over here Look how nice this grass is Okay Bumblebee goes here Awesome, right Let's get the tent set up Ace up Yes We set it up Good evening guys We made it Happy and alive Yes Just in time Have a look It's just starting to get really dark The sun's gone behind the mountains But we have the camp set up Bumblebee is not fully ready But mostly ready Yeah, wow, that was a really, really epic ride Out from Ushuaia I can't believe it was just like Mind-blowing Insane Super, super beautiful So we did at the end 260 miles And yeah, that's it for us today We hope you enjoyed the episode If so, please give us a thumbs up Subscribe to the channel Share the video with your friends and family Comment below And we will see you next time So it's dark now We were waiting to see if Glenn and Agnes were Gonna make it here But the last we heard from them They actually didn't manage to get a lift Out from the spot that we Last saw them So, yeah Hopefully they'll be able to get a lift Early tomorrow morning So they can join us to go and see the penguin colony


Hey there lads and ladies, it is Petrifying Pumpkins here and you know welcome back. It's been a while since I've made a video So it's nice to be here again to be chatting to you Especially about that over there on the wall behind me firewall zero hour. Look, this isn't crazy This isn't get crazy hype or anything like that But it is something that I've noticed today in a twist the first contact entertainment put out there And I think it's something maybe we should be keeping an eye on so we scroll down here To today's tweets as we get closer to our hashtag four years of firewall event on August 28th We just highlight that because that's the interesting part We'd like to know your favorite skill and firewall zero hour Now the rest of it isn't particularly important to what I'm talking about here But what we should be focused on is the first part here. They've got a hashtag gone hashtag four years of firewall So I don't think they did for three years or two years. I can't remember 100% on last but I don't think they did like this hashtag thing and they're now they're talking about an event on the 28th Which I definitely don't recall them talking about now. You might think to yourself. Well, it's probably gonna be another season You know, we'll get some more skins and colored smokes or whatever But they have confirmed that operation X which is the 10th season is the last one So the one that they're doing right now is the end and I believe that runs into August 28th So that'll be the end of this season So, you know, it begs the question What is this event on August 28th? Is it going to be a trinkets that we attach to our gun a free trinket? You can download it says four years or something like that or is it going to be something way more significant Is it gonna be the big one? The one we've all been waiting for August 28th is over a month away. That's enough time for us To learn some more about ps4 or 2 maybe and maybe Sony will be more freely announcing games That will be available for ps4 or 2 could it be that's this is teasing Something for ps4 or 2 are we seeing a sequel? Is it firewall 2 the holy grail as the kids in the streets would say now? This isn't the only tweet that's kind of been pointing out the anniversary has come up They keep talking about the anniversary in previous tweets But it wasn't until today's tweets where they put the word event that I was like hold on a sec That's more than just a celebrate a birthday celebration Basically as you can see on this tweet from the 30th of June as we continue to make our way towards the four years of firewall Celebration on the August 28th So they pointed it out there again a couple of weeks ago Like this is something that's been coming up It's hashtag something that's been coming up. They've been pushing us a little bit You can scroll you can keep going back But basically you get the gist of what I'm saying here I think today is the first time they've actually said the word event Which is just an interest and choice of words Now look, it could be just wishful thinking on my part that it is something more than a birthday celebration Where it's not just going to be, you know, thanks for four years of firewall adios I think the fact that they're heavily promoting this with firewall that they keep bringing up That it's a celebration of four years of firewall. I think With ps4 or 2 right around the corner That there is dots to be connected here And we won't have too long to wait to find out if there is anything because what are we now? We're the 12th of July now, so Six weeks ish something along those lines. Maybe seven would have her answer So let me know what you think in the comments below is this me grasping at straws Is this something that you think hey, maybe there is something here at the word event I think is something that maybe we shouldn't be ignoring. So yeah, I don't know about you But I'm gonna be watching first contact entertainment social feeds and whatnot like a hawk in the upcoming weeks to see If we can get any more hints or what not and with that all in the videos is a short one I don't want to go too in depth on this because it could be absolutely nothing and it's not much to go on anyway You know, it's all speculation of course, but before I do in the video Let me thank the sub to comfort let me use his music in all of my videos I believe he has a new album on the way. He's already got a couple of songs finished So you can look forward to that and I'll have a link to him in the description as well And with that I'm in this video. Thank you for watching lads and ladies if you're looking forward to, you know Future firewall stuff or psv or two stuff in general. Maybe consider Subscribing and sticking around will be covering that stuff and hopefully with more frequency in the future until then lads and ladies Please stay exceedingly moist


Apple finally did it. They announced a mixed reality headset. Oh, it looks like goggles. These are like ski goggles.   So they're not clear, no controller. That could be one of the impressive parts of this, just eye and hand tracking controls. It has 12 cameras, five sensors, six mics, runs on an M2 chip, as well as a new chip called the R1 that does a lot of the spatial computing processing and a wonderful $3,500 price coming next year. Oh yeah, productivity. That's gonna appeal to a lot of folks, but not to the masses. Not to the masses.  That sticker shock. I was like, whack! I word escaped that I wasn't expecting when I saw it.


No problem Yes, welcome back to why in the morning special thanks to Alex enjoy for always Yes, starting it outright. I'm sorry to join you guys late But I go by the name of bike Moses or it's very morning social media platform, and it's always a pleasure This is our last segment of the day, but before I introduce my guests Yes, why to fight for channel on Twitter white 5 for underscore channel on Instagram and white 5 for Facebook Is the way to interact with us hashtag is why in the morning hashtag is entrepreneurship Tuesday because this is that day That we discussed legal tenders, but in particular in studio with me a Queens from The Africa and the big African pageant carry bonisana. Thank you. Thank you. I hope you understand Is number four so maybe we can start with the With you You can introduce yourself all your credentials don't forget me. Oh, okay. Hello Kenya and hello Africa. My name is Lucia Ochan I'm from South Africa. I'm the current reigning mrs. Africa Club 2019 I'm also a CEO of Lucia. Oh holdings and the founder and patron of Lucia.  I sit within a women's council and Founder of young women desk. No, sorry young. We chamber of commissars in South Africa I'm your play your part in basada as well for brand essay. All right, which province are you from again? I'm from boomer longa boomer longa. Yes boomer longa So it's boomer longa boomer longa it means the province of the rising Sun So that's where the Sun rises from then it's set in halting What does it say to me? It rises in boomer longa and then it sets in halting I hope I remember that at the end of this and boomer longa means east So we are from the eastern part of South Africa. Yes So the Sun rises in the east and sets in the west in boomer longa and sets in Halting Halting is where Pretoria and Johannesburg is All right, welcome to Kenya and welcome to it in the morning in particular. Thank you. All right My name is Sylvia Moramu Chavo. I'm representing Kenya in Miss Africa also MS elite I'm a mother of three I'm an entrepreneur. I have a company called tech hub holdings I also have foundation called and these peaks for special needs persons I am a CEO of a river crafts where we Are working on manufacturing learning aids, you know And apart from that I am currently the arpica morotarian So I am in charge of public image in zone 22 a zone 22 Which is in Africa that is in Africa arpica means assistant public image coordinator Assistant public image coordinator. Yes. Wow. Yes. Image is everything, you know So, uh, one thing I'd like the viewers to know first That's your mom's Yes, definitely. Uh, slightly unbelievable, but Get it from me. You are mom's.  Yes, and I'm married at the same time married at the same time You're a mom. Yes, three boys three boys. Yeah, I just became a teenager a day before yesterday a teenager A mom to a teenager two days ago. Yes You can be a mom and still slay like this Yes, definitely It doesn't mean once you have given birth you have to forget to be who you are as a woman as a woman We need to embrace who you are in nature But shouldn't forget that beauty comes within while we nature the outside Including the inside should be natureed and not forgetting to love ourselves because self love is important Because if you cannot love yourself as a woman, you cannot love another human being So once you love yourself, you're able to to glow Once you love yourself, you look like this Definitely I agree As you apart from all these foundations that you have and all these missions that you have in life You have careers that you guys have been building forward. Only which one is yours? I'm a graphic designer and a brand consultant for the since 2006 Since 2006. Yeah. All right. So I've been running my business from 2011 Yeah So you just build it and you start working on it from scratch. I'm very passionate about talent Um, the time I was going for my career. It was a time where art meant nothing So it meant fighting the odds to actually do the career that I want in family and I had done my research and I knew animation and graphics was the next big thing. So doing research And it is for sure. Yeah, and and here we are. It is the next big thing. So I can say I was It has evolved over time so much Yeah, greatly because before art was all about painting and drawing But now you see we have CAD which is computer aided design In all aspects from architecture to graphic design to fashion design When you look at back in the days when we were in school, it was all about drawing everything So, uh, some of our had to do refresher courses, of course Because when you're used to how we were doing it before to now It's way easier now. Like I look at it and I'm like, oh my god I should like this should have happened then because we had Now you can't even learn YouTube Yeah, imagine stuff tutorials and stuff like that.  I'm also an entrepreneur I I put together How can I put um, there's a whole lot that I do, you know, I empower You don't know where to start And I empower young women. I give them skills, you know in terms of the industry that I'm in So somatology, it's actually the study of the body and we do beauty So you find there are somatologists that are into massages and they are into You know spa treatments but mine is more advanced because this is where I grapple with doctors and I grapple with dematologist And which means I work with a lot of the condition of the skin So yeah, I mentor a lot of young people and I'm also involved within our youth chamber of commerce and industries in our province Which is where young people are in business in terms of mentorship And we have established a young chamber of commerce Which where I'm the founder so that we make sure that, you know, at young women they have access To information and also access to trade. All right.  Yes, development and empowerment, especially women in youth because you find especially in Africa This is where the marginalized communities are, you know, we're women and youth Children elderly, yes, but um, the majority is women So I believe if you empower and develop a woman, you've developed the whole nation So we cannot leave women behind. This is why we are women and supporting women.  So if we don't we do not educate Young girls and women we have lost the whole nation This is one of the causes that made you a champion. Oh mrs. Africa Yes, it's the love of humanity and also restoring dignity, especially in Africa If you go in social media and you see Whoever comes to Africa to come empower the pictures that you see It's not the pictures that you like to see what we are saying is that, you know We do have a beautiful Africa that can be exposed to the outside world in a positive manner Because I believe when god created Africa he had he had his own plan in mind You know with the resources that we have and also an African person, you know with the skills that we have in the creativity So if we put that together that what actually drives me as a person to say if we can restore that and also Make sure that the outside world see the true essence of Africa. What is Africa is? Africa is actually The most beautiful country or the most beautiful continent. Sorry the most beautiful continent We are the most beautiful continent that you know Anyone have not seen you know because when they see Africa they see poverty and they see that there's animals But if they can see what Africa is they will know that Africa she is Africa Africa is a woman That is why we must empower these women in Africa and make sure they are in leadership roles Make sure they run businesses Make sure they are entrepreneurs and their skills so that they can pass their skills to their own children And be able to put bread on the table Wonderful before we talk about your cause and the reason you're in the country I'm always passionate about empowering Empowerment and growing economies especially in Africa But the big question is always can we separate This with the politics of the day and still achieve what we want to achieve or We have to involve ourselves in the politics of the day I always say that you know what one cannot divorce themself from politics because we are politics and Politics affect each and every one of us. So if you divorce yourself from politics wishments You do not want your social economy of the country to grow So if you know what's happening around you and as young people when it's time to vote we do vote We have made a mark and we have made proper decision that will move our country forward So we cannot divorce ourselves from politics. We have to be involved. We have to be aware In a positive in a positive way you have to read you have to know your country's policies You have to know your country's constitution, especially in South Africa. I don't want to dwell in politics as I've said But we are a democratic country but with democracy meaning that that we have a voice Everybody has a voice and sometimes they're going to conflict. Yes, you're going to conflict But that voice can be made through your own constitution where you are able to do petition and say this The policy that we have or the constitution does not work for the people at the moment This is this is what we want if we can voice our views in that way I think a country will be able to move forward, but if we'll always voice our views in in riots and also Destroying properties will never grow as Africans. Yeah, so there's always a better solution There's always a way of coming to to an argument. Yes and solving conflicts There's a reason you're in Kenya and you live in tonight by the way. Yes. I am living tonight I've been here since thursday to support um, sylvia the finalist for me for miss africa elite The reason why I came to kenya is because what she's advocating for children with special special needs And it's one of those especially mothers that have children with special needs What they go through and I have you know, I had an opportunity to to spend some time with sylvia and her children And for me as a mother, I you know, I was able to see what she goes through It's it's it's it's a lot to be honest with you and men wouldn't take it because First day for me was a bit hard because having two children with special needs You know, and you're a single mother and you it's it's not that easy But the following day, you know, I got used to the situation because I also have a son who has eight dhd But he's more hyper. He's not the hyper part.  Let me put this where she's an entrepreneur. She's a philanthropist She's a humanitarian they had that she has for me. I was like, she's you know at kenya. You have a gem We have a gem right here. We should appreciate her more and that's the reason she's here with us Uh, she's in a better position to talk about the cause So please tell us what was going on So on saturday we had, um Work beyond success be significant. So that was a business leadership conversation forum that we had I had put together Uh in support of my foundation, which is andy speaks for special needs children I'm championing for neurodiverse person's inclusion neurodiverse means the invisible disabilities that we have You know when someone mentions disability, what comes to your mind first? critical blind All these are things that you can see. All right. So what happened to that autistic person who it's all neurological Yeah, neurological means inside them someone who's bipolar someone who has a dhd a dd Or someone let's say who has learning difficulties because there's learning disabilities as well Yeah, that is where now dyslexia falls in and people who can actually tell Some who have difficulties in reading so