The problem really is finding enough organs for all the people that are desperately in need of transplant. So we are very short of organ donors. They're just not enough organs to go around. That is the rate limiting step. Well, he's dying. I think he's just dying a little bit more every day. I've seen people come to transplant that were so sick. They were saved by someone else's kindness. We gave so that somebody else could live. The gift of life is more than precious. And that's something that we can all give back. It's an amazing gift for a family to give. A phenomenally wonderful gift. Brian Heinzley, a 42-year-old fireman, is one of more than 81,000 people on the waiting list for an organ transplant. Last year, only about 6,000 families donated a loved one's organs, which is why Brian and his wife, Kim, have been waiting almost two years for the telephone call that could save his life. How you doing, man? It's one of my good friends, John Hanna, me and him have been paramedic partners together for seven years out here. We've been on very major things where people are dying and houses are burning and things are going on. And you have 100% confidence in each other. And I miss that.  Good luck. Thanks. About nine years ago, I got diagnosed with some kind of internal disease, which has been pinpointed to autoimmune hepatitis and has caused my liver to fail.  There are days when we don't even talk because he's too sick to talk. We never thought it would be like this, this long of a wait, this sick that you have to be at death's door. When somebody needs a liver transplant, they need one because their liver has failed. And what happens when the liver fails is that there are a whole bunch of systems that fall apart. And when the liver fails, the kidneys fail very soon thereafter, and liver failure can also result in heart damage, can result in serious neurological impairment. And by and large, a successful transplant will write it all. My daughter, she's only three years old, I get to spend very little good quality time with her. Where's my kiss? Where's my hug? She doesn't understand why dad lays on the couch all the time. Hopefully as an end result of this, of a liver transplant, I'll be up and running a hundred percent, and she'll get to know where the real dad's like, come here. Lock my baby. A painful side effect of Brian's failed liver is an accumulation of poisonous fluids in his abdomen that requires a weekly trip to the hospital. I go into the doctor, he sticks a needle in my side, and he drains out 10 liters of fluid once a week. It's things that come up that you deal with, you look forward to the good times ahead, and that's what keeps you going. If it's been a really bad day and he's been real grouchy, he'll apologize and he'll say I'm sorry that I put you through this, I'm sorry another day has gone by and the phone is not ringing. In a small New England town, 12-year-old Carl Johnson went for a bicycle ride with a friend. His mother, an emergency paramedic, would soon be called to his rescue. The tone went off, and I remember throwing out my boots and saying I hope it's not Carl. He was coming across a road, and he was turning to say something to the boy that he was riding with, and I don't think he realized that the intersection was coming up so close. And he never saw the man. When I got out of my truck, I saw our son laying on the ground, and the police officer was there, and he was telling me to be calm, and we were working together on managing the injured person. And then when the ambulance got there, I basically went into emotional overdrive. Carl Johnson was taken by helicopter to Boston, where his parents would learn of his fate. A couple of the neurosurgeons met us, and they did a test they do to determine if someone's brain dead, and if they gave the test to him right then and there, he didn't pass it.  We said something. We're all but waiting for somebody to sign off on this as a legal death. What do we do about getting this, the organ donation, go? You know, at the point that we no longer have any use for these parts, and somebody else does well, then they're good for them. We talked about how he saved four lives, but he's also saved four families from going through this enormous amount of grief that follows the death of someone. Something tangible of our son is out there. He's not completely gone. He lives on in other people. There are two types of organ donors, living and deceased. For those who have died, the process of organ donation begins with the pronouncement of brain death, a concept that is sometimes confusing to the donor's family.  That means their brain stems have died. Their heart works, their vital organs work, but their brain is totally non-functional, irretrievably non-functional. I think that's an important distinction. People misunderstand that all the time, and it's very difficult to explain. It's hard to understand why when you go in and your loved one is on the ventilator, they still look like they're breathing. Their heart's still beating up on the monitor. It's hard to understand that that is death, that they're dead.  And that causes for that tissue to completely die. And there is no regeneration of the brain. And there is no way for the brain to heal itself. The shortage of cadaveric donors is being alleviated in part by living donations of certain organs such as kidneys. Living donation has increased dramatically over the past 10 or 20 years. Organ transplantation has become so much more successful because of the scientific breakthroughs and the understanding of the immune system and the prevention of rejection and the ability to store organs for longer periods of time. The need has increased dramatically. And thus we need more and more organs and we are thus going more towards living donation as we are able to make these operations quite safe. The kidney and the liver, what we call primitive organs. And the more primitive an organ, the more regenerative ability it has. If you take one kidney out of a younger individual, say under 45, the other kidney will grow rather dramatically. And so by the end of six months, you'll have not just 50 percent of kidney flesh in your body, you'll have 70 or 80 percent of kidney flesh in your body. And that's perhaps the reason why donors do so well and there's no difference in the life expectancy of an individual with one kidney or with two kidneys. Living donors is really a very exciting feel that's happening right now in transplantation. In the past we could only get kidneys and now we're seeing that we're being able to successfully transplant segments of liver, segments of small bowel, segments of pancreas and lungs from living donors. So we've increased our donor pool substantially by just utilizing living donors. For most people, living donation is not an option. Your only hope is to receive an organ from someone who has died. There are approximately 81,000 people out there in America waiting for a phone call that could save their life. That's the number of people in a pro football stadium on any given Sunday. Each day in America, 60 Americans have a successful organ transplant that gives them new life. But sadly, on that same day, 15 Americans died because an organ was not available. The seasons have changed, but Brian and Kim are still waiting for a liver. We really thought we would not be going through another winter. I honestly thought he would have this liver before now. It is very depressing for him. I see him, I look at him and I think somewhere in there is my husband, he's in there. But this disease has just, it's just totally wiped him out. I go to bed alone every night and I just, I pray for him to just have the strength to keep going. But when he's his sickest is when I'm afraid this is it. If he does not get a liver now, he's not going to make it. I want our family back. That's my biggest hope that we will have this again, that we will be normal.  It was clear that he had had a worsening of hepatic encephalopathy or the confusion state caused by liver disease, chronic liver disease. So immediately we admitted him to the intensive care unit. Hi Brian. How you feeling? I cried. Do you remember any of the events of yesterday, what happened? You were very incoherent yesterday. What happened? I mean, why? Well, I think that's a worsening of your liver disease and has prompted us to put you here and to try and get you a liver more quickly because we think you need one. Now we just wait. Okay. But hopefully the wait won't be too long. Okay. Okay. Good. I used to get real upbeat that it was going to happen but now I'm so beat down and so tired. They can tell me that they're making the phone call right this second to me until I hear it. No, I'm not going to. I can't take any more roller coaster rides. Yeah. I've been on it too many times so when I'm actually on my back and they're ready to cut me open, I'll believe them. But a liver did not become available and a week later Brian recovered enough to be sent home to continue waiting. Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas. A man named Johnny Smith was rushed to the emergency room with severe head trauma. He had been repairing a tractor trailer on the highway when a pickup truck crashed into him. And he loved the job he was doing, that he got killed doing. He loved the feeling that it made him feel when he rescued somebody. When brain death appeared to be imminent for Johnny, the family requested organ donation. I recently lost my brother and I wish there had been a liver that he could have received when he would still be here with this man. It just happened too fast. The day my brother passed away, myself and my husband and my daughter sat down and we talked about this very thing, what he wanted and what my daughter wanted. And I talked to my mom about it also. I've had families tell me over and over, I don't think I could have made this decision at the time of his death except for I knew that he wanted to donate. And so his wife already knew that he wanted to be a donor. He had talked to her about that. I went up to the ER at Parkland, which was where he was, and just looked through the chart to make sure that medically there would be no reason why he could not donate.  The physician went out, spoke with the family, told them that he was indeed brain dead and that there was no chance of recovery. When brain death is pronounced, the process of recovering the organs begins with the consent of the family. Family services coordinator Laura Rodriguez guides the family through the procedure. We do a full evaluation to see exactly what organs can be transplanted before we even go to the operating room. But when we talk about organs, it would be both lungs. It would be the heart, both kidneys, liver, pancreas, sometimes intestines. By you signing this form, it gives us the opportunity to do the evaluation. Donor families are not charged for any of the medical procedures involved in organ donation. All of the costs for donation, for the evaluation of the organs, for the surgical recovery, for the placement and transportation of the organs to their intended recipients are paid for by the organ bank. Throughout the evening, Johnny's organs are kept viable while tests are run to determine their suitability for transplantation. If we have, you know, a really good reason to suspect that they're damaged, we'll go down to CT and then we'll go to CT. A cardiologist evaluates the heart with an echocardiogram. Overall his heart function looks pretty good. His gut probably would look like a relatively normal heart. Even the search begins for recipients for Johnny Smith's organs. How are you tonight? Good. Hey, I was wondering if you could input a donor for me and run a list. The United Network for Organ Sharing oversees organ procurement and allocation under contract with the Federal Government's Department of Health and Human Services. They work with local organ procurement organizations or OPOs. I need heart, liver, and a small KP list. Give me about five minutes to go in there and get to this. UNOS is the hub where critical connections are made, routing a very limited supply of organs to patients with the most urgent need. Can you tell me how long it would take to drive a kidney from Chicago to Milwaukee versus flying it? Many people think that the way the waiting list works is that once a person is on the list that they just simply stay on the list until time has passed and they move up to the top of the list and receive an organ. But it does not work that way. It's a very dynamic and fluid situation in which each person is evaluated based on medical criteria matched with information that's placed in the computer about each organ donor. Each of the OPOs will allocate the organs within their geographic area. So the distribution is first to the local area and then secondly to a larger region and then lastly to the rest of the country. The heart and lungs can be preserved for only four to six hours outside the body, which limits their transportation distance. The liver and kidneys tolerate preservation longer so they can be transported much farther. No, this is a point scale, it's coming to Alabama. The allocation system is something that is a very sensitive issue. We want to try to save as many lives as possible, but we also have to do it in a way that's fair. We will print out a computer listing for kidneys and we'll say all of the patients in this area who need kidneys and they're ranked in order of who matches best. Then telephone calls are made to the transplant centers where those patients are located based on that sequence and so the list itself is simply a tool that's being used to place the organ. The final decision has to be made by the doctors. The doctors of those potential recipients highest on the list are offered the organs first. Hey, I've got a liver offer for you. It's O-positive, 45 year old male, 6 foot, 251 pounds. We review with the organ procurement agency the characteristics of the donor to see if we think it's going to be the best fit and match. The U.N. and creatinine are 8 and 0.5. Assuming that it is, we will then call the patient who has been on our list probably waiting for at least a year. The patient will be brought into the hospital. Simultaneously with all of that, we will send out an organ procurement team which will go out to the hospital where the donor is and will retrieve the organs. Baylor's taken the liver. After a night of tests and phone calls to place the organs, Johnny Smith's body is taken to the operating room where the surgeons can recover the organs. The timing of each organ removal is carefully coordinated between the operating room and the hospitals where the recipients are waiting. Right now they're opening up the pericardium to look at the heart muscle and see if it's contracting well enough. And if they say it looks good, then we'll make a call back to the heart transplant hospital so they can start getting the recipient asleep and ready for the heart transplant. Once we know that the organ is good, we then have to coordinate our own operating room here to get the recipient down and then begin the actual transplant process. Yes, you are ready. Okay, great. Thank you. We are ready to cross-clin. Right now they have stopped the heart and we've started flushing the preservation solution through all the organs, so from this point it's a matter of a certain number of hours before they need to get the organs transplanted. What we had come in to recover for transplant, the heart, the liver and the kidneys all seem to be transplanted. With most donors, the heart and lungs are removed first, then the liver and kidneys and other organs and finally the tissues. For us it's almost surreal in that we're able to take the heart from one person and make it stop beating, preserve it by making it cold and then put it in another person and wake it up and make it start beating when we put the warm blood in it. And we have a liver here that we took out. This recipient happens to be one that it was on renal failure with severe liver failure and this would be a life-saving organ for him. Bye-bye. This patient was able to provide life for the heart recipient, both kidneys and liver and he was also a tissue donor, but as far as organ donation, there's four people's lives that were saved because of one person's decision. Annie Schweder, a 47-year-old mother of four, suffered from heart disease and had been on the transplant waiting list for two years. She got the phone call that would change her life but the timing couldn't have been worse. It came just weeks after her husband died of a sudden heart attack. I got the call at 8, about 8.45 and they gave me until 9.30 to make the decision. My initial reaction in taking the transplant was not to take it because I didn't want to put my kids through any more trauma right now and it was really scary, you know, I don't have a choice. I was either going to do this or I was going to die. B's new heart was donated by a family that lost a 26-year-old mother of four in a tragic accident. The number of heart transplants done in this country is plateaued over the last few years and demand is ever-increasing, so that gap is growing. So there is a real shortage in terms of supply and demand. One of the remarkable things about transplantation is the fact that someone's life is extended or saved through the tragedy of somebody else. Death is something that faces every one of us and I think it's a wonderful thing that somebody who has died has this opportunity of doing in their act of death something kind, something generous to someone else. We took the A-order now and now we're using the heart. It's so neat to look up there and see that it's beating in a regular, it's beating like it's supposed to. It's kind of awesome to sit there and watch that and go, wow, that's mine, it's working right. This is just so cool because this is what it's supposed to look like, you know, and it's a 26-year-old heart and this 47-year-old body, I mean, it's great. That's my 7-year-old's version of my heart transplant. The hospital's in there and mom's getting her heart and all the equipment and the Bible is a verse that God gave me this year and it was a confirmation to me that I was going to get this heart. A new heart also will I give you and a new spirit will I put within you. I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh and I will give you a new heart of flesh. I've been carrying that, I carried that everywhere. It was in my car, it was in my purse, it was in my day timer, it was every place that I could keep that as a visual, I had that so that when I, you know, got discouraged about it I realized it was going to happen. I feel good. Yeah, you're looking really good. I really enjoyed working with you and you're going to have a great life ahead of you. And I don't, you know, there's no words. It just don't exist. Thank you guys for everything. You're welcome. Okay, I'll see you later. All right, bye. It'll be in Texas. Goodbye. I'm a teacher's aide working on my teaching credential. My hope is to go back to teaching. I have a real special place in my heart for that. Happy birthday. Mostly, I just feel really humbled that the family agreed to donate the heart and that God got me the heart.  Two months after Brian Hynesley was sent home from the hospital without a liver transplant, he received the call for which he had been waiting. His deteriorating condition moved Brian to the top of the list and a liver had become available. Hi. It's been a long time for this. You are not feeling good. I can tell. Now you know everything. Hopefully we'll go. You know, keep it in the back of your mind that things can fall through. Sure. But hopefully this wouldn't be it. Hopefully it will. And hopefully tomorrow I'll see you and I see you. Okay. We have retrieved the liver. The liver is now being prepared on the back bench for the transplant. So we should know in a couple of minutes whether this is going to be a go or not. I just want to let you know that the liver has been canceled because the liver was not good. Okay. I'm sorry about that. But we'll get another one. It was not good. Any questions or anything? It's okay. Not your fault. The purple lady? Yeah. What did she say? What? Are you kidding? Just that it wasn't good to go. I'm so sorry. It's all right. I'm so sorry. Everything can look really nice on paper, but they can go up and look at the liver and it can be a bad liver. He's been waiting a very, very long time. Right now unfortunately we'll wait for people with his blood type is so long because there aren't enough organ donors. The shortage of organs is particularly acute for minorities, who have a disproportionately higher need for transplantation. Good to see you. In Washington, D.C., transplant surgeon Dr. Clive Callender has become a spokesperson for donation within the minority populations. The biggest obstacle in the past had been that minorities were not donating. We found that first there was a lack of information, lack of transplant awareness. No one had gone to the African-American community to educate them to let them know what the problems were. The second obstacle had to do with religious myths and misperceptions. Concerns that in the great getting up morning, when you go to the pearly gate, St. Peter will say, you only have one kidney, then you only get one wing. Forgetting that it's a new heaven, it's a new earth, it's a new body. And so that's the concept that we have to overcome. The Christian religion, the Jewish religion, the Muslim religion, the Hindu religion, the Buddhist religion, all major religions endorse and embrace organ donation. The third obstacle that we identified is the lack of trust in the health care providers. The basic fear that if I signed a donor card that I would be prematurely declared dead. The medical team that takes care of you has as its only job to take care of you. It is only after that you have been declared dead that they call in the transplant team, which is a separate team of coordinators, that come in and ask you for permission to leave organs and tissues behind after you are dead. These misconceptions are being addressed through education and public awareness. Organ donation nationally, to a large degree, has not grown in the last eight or nine years. But the growth we have experienced has been from minority families. We're seeing almost a 3% national increase from minorities. I'm thrilled and excited that we can make this difference. I recognize we can do even more. If we can get the message to the community, the community will hear and change their behavior and become part of the solution. National donor Sabbath is an interfaith celebration where the religious and the transplant communities join together to increase the awareness of organ and tissue donation and to dispel the religious myths and misconceptions about donation. What's it all about? It's really about donating your organs and tissue to another person to help save or enhance their lives. And the most important step to become an organ donor is to share your decision with your family. I've changed my mind, especially since the church has brought it out in front, you know how important it is and I know a little bit more about it. I'm not afraid and I think it's an important thing. Latinos suffer so much from diabetes and hypertension that they end up being on the waiting list. And so once all that is explained to them, they're very generous, they're very giving and very compassionate about others. Lisbeth Alcala, she's five and a half. She was 13 months. We noticed something in her right side. She has tumor in her liver. And they did a lot of tests. They found was cancer in her liver is so damaged and she needed a new one. Lisbeth had suffered quite a bit as a small child and went through the transplant down at UCLA very successfully. She's a picture of health and a very happy child. I have a miracle child. I'm so happy to have her. She's so different since her transplant. She's happier, healthier. She's a new, a new child. Why do you like this picture with your dad? The donation process started for Janon Malone when she faced a sudden medical crisis. I lost my husband. We had been married for three years and nine months. I heard this thump on the floor and I rushed in the room and my husband was lying on the floor. So I immediately called 911 and they responded. They responded as if they were on the corner waiting for my call. I sort of liked this picture too. He died of a brain aneurysm.  I had to make a decision to just release him, totally release him. The nurse said that I'd like to talk to you and she asked me if my husband could be an organ donor and I said yes. We had talked about being a donor family. You know, my husband's theory was that he wanted to be here when he was gone and that's what he always told me. He said, no, I want to be here when I'm gone. And one day I asked him, I said, what do you mean?  And I thought about what he was saying and it made a lot of sense. My biggest comfort and my biggest reward is knowing that there are other people out there that are living as a result of my husband being an organ donor. Oftentimes I'll look at someone and I'll smile and say, that may be the one. It's a good feeling. It's a great feeling. Eight days after Brian's second unsuccessful attempt for a liver match, he got the call for surgery again. This is the third time now that they've called and said they got a liver for me and it's supposed to happen at 8 o'clock this morning now. I've just been so sick lately that I'm basically looking forward to it, knowing that that's a means to the end here. The vital signs look great. We're just about ready to have you doze off for us. We've got a very good organ for him. It's the same blood type. It should be a good match in regards to size. And if, you know, if we can take his liver out successfully, which I'm sure we can, and if this liver works, he should do very well. He should completely return back to a normal life. Have a pool sucker ready, please. Not enough liver to sustain somebody one half his size. It's a very good liver. Perfect. The color, the edges, the consistency of the liver. Putting my bypass now. Here's the liver. You can see how small, shrunken it is. A lot of cirrhosis. You can see the difference very easily between what this normal liver looks like. Pretty large compared to that small, shrunken disease liver. We're going to be reperfusing in about 30 seconds. Okay, super hepatic is off.  The liver feels very good. Nice color. See this color, gentlemen? See how it's come back to life. You know what? I don't know what's next. I cannot wait. I'm going to be dating the man I married all over again. I don't even know what he's like. Being sick.  He was sick. But look at this. We've been married the whole time and he's been off work all this time. Hi there, how are we doing? Hi, how are you? Hi, Kim. Hi, Kim. Yes, how are you? Everything went very, very well. Really? It was about this big and a normal liver is about that big. So it's probably half the size of a normal liver. Three days after his transplant surgery, Brian shows dramatic improvement. You look good. You look so good. You're so clear. Eyes are clear. Your eyes are clear. I feel like a new person. I have no headache. I used to have a headache every single day. I used to be confused every single day. And I wake up every morning with a smile on my face.  Kim, can you touch my hand? Feel good. Big hug. Big hug. Love you. Say bye, Daddy. Bye, honey. I'll see you pretty soon. Right thing you say is all worth it. My wife, my family, the smile I can bring to them. Oh, boy. This is going to be good. You have to wait 22 months is a very difficult thing. And we lose a lot of patience because we just don't get enough organs. And that's exactly what the situation is all about. I mean, it's a tragedy because we had to wait almost two years and, you know, it almost had to end up, you know, being on life support before we could get an organ for them. That's the tragedy. This cloud had a silver lining, but there are a lot of folks as clouds that don't have any silver linings. Carmen was 28 years old when she passed away. She was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and she had it from birth. And we ultimately knew somewhere along the way that she probably would need a lung transplant. She was told that she would only have to wait about a year at that point in time. Well, it got to be two years and we still didn't have any lungs. She got ill. We remained in the hospital for almost eight weeks waiting for her to receive a transplant, but no donor was available. And she ran out of time. Waiting for an organ is probably one of the hardest things that I've had to experience with my daughter. Every day was just a wait. Carmen would sit there and say, well, another day we'll see what comes tomorrow and see what the lungs are tomorrow. She had the tubes in her throat. She couldn't speak, but she spelled out on a little board. She looked around. She said, all this and still no lungs. It's hard to see someone you love suffering. And it's hard to wonder if there's something available and no one's donating. And you wish that you could make a difference and, you know, at that point in time, there's really not much you can do. I don't think it takes long for you to decide to want to be a donor if you know somebody like Carmen and if you know that you could help somebody like Carmen. Kenneth Moritzugu, Deputy Surgeon General of the United States, has twice faced the decision to donate organs from his own family, first with his wife, Donna, and four years later with his daughter, Vicki. I was very fortunate because many years ago, my wife, Donna, and I had talked about what we wanted to do when one of us died. And we decided back then that we wanted to be organ and tissue donors when we died, and we told each other that. When I got called to the hospital eight years ago to be told that Donna had been in a severe automobile accident and that she was dead, she was brain dead, and the neurosurgeon asked me what is it that you would want to do? And I could remember our conversation and even in the depths of my grief was able to say this is what she wanted and I had the privilege to carry out her wishes. With regard to Vicki, it's a slightly different story. One night she crossed the street in the dark on a wet pavement and was struck by a car. Went after about three days, Vicki finally died. I wasn't really certain what Vicki really wanted because we had not spoken about it directly to each other. But thinking that I knew my daughter, I said, I think this is what she would have wanted. The thing that just breaks your heart is when that doctor walks into the family and says, have you ever discussed organ donation? And they say, no, it never came up and since he never said anything we don't feel comfortable donating the organs. And that really is a key element here. Can't overlook it. Just the conversation so that you know what's in your heart is being shared with a member of your family. One of the common misconceptions about organ transplant is that celebrities are given preference. Actor Larry Hagman discovered unexpectedly that he needed a new liver. I would see this doctor and call me up a couple of days later and say, Larry, you have a life-threatening deal with your liver. And I said, really? He said, yeah. I mean, it's very serious. You could die in the next six months. I said, how can you tell that from there? He says, because of your blood shows that you're in real trouble. I remember being very ambivalent about getting a transplant. I said, look, I've had 64 wonderful years. I really don't need to go through all that stuff. I'd rather check out now. My wife said, no way, buddy. And my doctors, they persuaded me to do it. So I was placed on the list and I got it very quickly. I was very lucky in that the liver was supposed to go to four other people and for some reason they weren't available. The woman that was supposed to get it in front of me, the liver was too large and she couldn't carry it. I guess people thought that I was going to get it but they didn't assure me that that was not the case. They gave me two months to live when I was waiting around for it and so I guess I was pushed to the head of the line because I was on the threshold. I was going to die and I jumped in there and that's the way they do it. If you're really, really, really sick they push you ahead of other people. Our system is blind to celebrity status. The one that comes to mind is the case of Mickey Mantle. Many folks thought that because he was a great star that he received some sort of preferential treatment in the allocation of the organs and that's not true. As it turned out on that particular day based on his status, his blood type where he was located he was the top person for that match. We also went back and did some checking and found that during that same year there were 400 people in this country who received liver transplants in a faster amount of time than he had and so it's not just a matter of what you're going to do with your status as a celebrity or not being a celebrity. You have to wait on the list just like everybody else does. You have to be the sickest person that needs that organ. You have to be the right size. You have to have all the right typing, tissue type. You have to match that organ. That's the only way you're going to get the organ. And now it gives me great honor to introduce you to the athletes of the 2000 Ladies and gentlemen Team Alabama! Every two years the U.S. transplant games features more than a thousand athletes who are all organ and tissue transplant recipients. And now our donor families. One of the highlights of the games is the introduction of the donor families. For many of them it is the first time their generous gift of life has been publicly acknowledged. I understood it but it really did not click until the opening ceremony. And I saw all the recipients and all the other donor families and I said he's here. I know he's here somewhere. And that's when I really knew what it meant to be here when you're gone. Please welcome to the podium Mr. Larry Hagman. Oh boy. I feel like a rock and roller. You know, I never get a chance to see all the people I work for. You all. I was watching the people walking down here and their t-shirts on and I could see all the scars of our battles. I honor those scars. I'm sure you do too. Oh hell, I'll show you mine. How about that first one? That's the old Mercedes Benz! And I want to ask that all the people watching out there think sincerely about about recycling themselves. Hell, we recycle everything else. Tin cans, tires, metal. Why not ourselves? Let's think about that. My wife in August of 97 had a catastrophic stroke. And we had talked that if either one of us had any organs to donate to go ahead. At that time Bobby kidney was failing. Both of us knew him very well and praise the Lord he got my wife's kidney. Now you know the only thing I can say about this? I can't see my wife going to bed with this guy every night. At the transplant games organ and tissue recipients compete in athletic events as a celebration of their new lives. I received a liver transplant. I've always been an athlete and I got sick for about a year prior to my transplant. And I was given two weeks to live and 11 years later I am. I think the game is a way to meet people who have something in common with you and to share those experiences and just to realize how precious and beautiful life is and what a miracle you have with transplantation. Our son Mark, this is Mark from birth. He lived for 10 days and when he died we donated his heart. His heart went to a six week old baby boy from Florida who we just met yesterday. It was divine inspiration that I just thought organ donation. When I said to Mark if our son is going to die I want to donate his organs. He said yeah. It was just something that we immediately looked at each other and said yes that's the best thing we can do and we found out that our baby boy had a congenital heart defect called hypoplastic left heart syndrome and that without some type of intervention he would die. All we could do was rely on our faith and pray and that happened. We're very fortunate. It really is a miracle for the donor families too. At a time when something tragic happened to us it just gave us something a little control over. It gave us something to have hope. Let something good come from our son's death. And then when you actually get to meet the people and you see the outcome especially here at the games it makes it something that you can touch it's something real that actually happened. The transplant changed my life dramatically.  The organ donation gave us something positive it was like a lifeline for us too we know that Jacob has life but it was like a life after death for us too because it helped us to keep going. We're the appreciative ones without them there's a good chance that Jacob wouldn't be here. It's been wonderful to meet other donor families and to see how really important this is to everybody. I've always viewed quilting as cutting things apart and finding a way to put them back together again to make something that fit and I view this quilt as the material before as our family before our son died and trying to find a way to put the pieces back so they fit and that's what this event has begun to help us to do we're starting to see our new life as it fits thank you all and happy Tuesday morning we're happy to be here today and to welcome Mrs. Schwader back let's give her a big round of applause here she is today back with a brand new heart and ready to come back to work with with all of you kids and all of the staff there you go when I used to come up these stairs I used to take like three or four stairs at a time and stop and under the railing try to get a deeper breath and then when I got to the top I mean if I wasn't ready to pass out which I just about was I'd have to sit for at least 10 minutes I did those stairs without stopping it was cool and I kept saying yeah I have a new heart I can do this this heart works I love being back and I didn't realize how special this was until I wasn't here in the transplants Brian and his wife Kim throw a party to celebrate his return to a normal life six months ago I was looking at maybe not making it and now it's a whole new life again I feel like I'm going to live the rest of my life as a healthy person glad to bypass your name for years how you doing? very good sorry I think it's about a year to get up here it's just around the corner yeah I know he's enjoying that life that that donor allowed him to have and I think we can't ask much more than that if somebody doesn't donate the organ I am not here today somebody was unselfish enough to donate a loved one who died at a young age to allow me to live and other people that's what this is all about it's a miracle I have my wife now and she's dead but I look around at this room right now and I never knew I had this many friends this Wednesday or this Thursday is going to be six months from my transplant and I'm going back to work what's new guys my captain told me to just worried about you was there any doubt? I wasn't the first to have you back good to be back thanks Mark it's a wonderful day huh it's a great day in candy country oh yeah they don't give much back I don't know what to do I can't believe you let him do that I can't believe you let him do that that's one of the reasons I love the environment though because of things just like that the hose is still the same the water still goes out the end right okay you come to see daddy you come to see daddy on his first day back at work yeah you miss me already today I miss you she saw me in his uniform for the first time and she can say my dad's apartment yeah not everyone will say yes because it is such a personal decision but consider it and if you decide what you want to do then make sure you're next of kin your loved one knows that that is what your wishes are when I have to stand there and disconnect the patient knowing that they could have saved up to eight people's lives or more that is the most frustrating thing about my job there are no barriers there's no age limit there's no color there's no sex there's no discrimination when it comes to the gift of life I sure am grateful to all the donor families out there without them I'm not here today even though you don't want to face your own mortality you still have to talk about it you still have to decide when there's nothing left you can do for yourself do you want to do something for someone else you're really talking about life about the gift of life and about truly making a difference it's scary how good I feel I feel terrific every single day the few times I am sick is absolutely nothing to go from near death to a standing living breathing joyous person it is pure elation he's more loving life every day he played hard he did everything hard went fast and he's more slow now we don't take life for granted anymore he doesn't yeah he is not the same person that he was every day is a gift every day is borrowed time or new time, new found time for us and it's a precious gift I enjoy every second of every day I treasure my time at home with my family I treasure my time that I can give to the community as a firefighter paramedic it's a gift Brian is the love of my life he is an amazing, strong individual he's so giving he loves everything and he notices the little things now and that's amazing to me my greatest gratitude is being a fireman, a paramedic a loving husband and a caring father I look at that as my thank you letter every single day is how I lead my life I say thank you every day by doing these things thank you certainly is not great enough for what we've experienced


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I'm often asked what my opinion about a diet or disease is. Who cares what my or anyone else's opinion is? All we should care about is what the science says. What does the best available balance of evidence publish to the peer-reviewed medical literature have to say right now? Welcome to the Nutrition Facts Podcast. I'm your host, Dr. Michael Greger. Did you know that research has consistently shown that healthcare professionals are biased against people classified as overweight or obese? In our first story, we look at how common this problem is. Described as the last acceptable form of bias, weight stigma is the rampant discrimination and stereotyping of overweight individuals. 50 overweight women were asked to keep a diary of all the times they felt they were being stigmatized for their weight. Over a single week, more than a thousand instances were recorded. An overweight woman may expect to be harassed, such as called names or insulted, run into physical barriers like unable to fit into public seats, or discriminated against, such as perceived poor service at restaurants or stores, on average, about three times a day. Obese men report three times less discrimination than women of the same size, so maybe it's only a daily occurrence for them. They're not just being paranoid. Studies using professional actors presenting as job applicants made up to appear overweight with the Hollywood magic of theatrical prostheses were significantly more likely to be discriminated against than when appearing as their normal weight selves. This employment bias was found to be especially prejudice against overweight women compared to men. Attitudes can also be explored in surveys. In a comparison of 16 stigmatized social groups, such as homosexuals and homeless people, only drug addicts and smokers were regarded with higher levels of disgust than obese individuals. The researchers did note, however, there was effectively a tie.  This weight stigma starts surprisingly young.  Then there was that famous study published back in 1961. Children in summer camps and schools across a swath of different social, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds in California, Montana, and New York were asked to rank the following images as to who they liked best, including a child in crutches with a brace on their leg, a child in a wheelchair, a child with one of their hands missing, a facially disfigured child, or an obese child. In every population of kids they tested, there was remarkable uniformity. The obese child always came in dead last. Yeah, that was ages ago, though. But in 2003, researchers published the 40-year follow-up. The study was repeated, and the title of the study gives it away. The stigmatization of obese children getting worse. The obese child was liked even less. This parallels trends throughout society with nearly a 70% jump in perceived weight discrimination recorded in national surveys since the mid-90s. Attitudes among teachers may not be helping. More than a quarter of teachers in other school staff surveyed felt that becoming obese is one of the worst things that could happen to a person. Even parents can be biased, providing less support for college for their overweight daughters compared to thinner siblings. As two prominent obesity researchers commented, it is a strong prejudice indeed when parents discriminate against their own children. What about doctors? One representative national survey found that more than half of physicians viewed obese patients as awkward, unattractive, ugly, and non-compliant. About a quarter of nurses agreed or strongly agreed to the statement, caring for an obese patient usually repulses me. This antagonism can have serious health consequences for those who may need it the most. For example, obese women are at high risk for developing cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, yet they are less likely to be screened. Morbidly obese patients only have about half the odds of getting their recommended pelvic exams. Part of this may be avoidance on the part of the patient, but some doctors just turn obese patients away. The Sun Sentinel pulled OBGYN practices in Florida and found that as many as one in seven refused to see heavier women. For example, setting weight cut-offs for new patients starting at 200 pounds. Even doctors who welcome obese patients have been found to give them short shrift. Physicians randomized to receive a medical chart of a migraine patient who was either presented as average weight, overweight, or obese said that they would give the obese patient about 28% less of their time, and it's less quality time. Recorded doctors' visits found physicians tend to build less emotional rapport with overweight patients. Even obesity specialists profess increasingly explicit anti-fat attitudes.  Even in the medical literature, you'll find lines like this, an example from the Annals of Internal Medicine. Obesity is an aesthetic crime. It is ugly. The good news is they appear to be able to hide their disdain. In a study entitled Obese Patients Overestimate Physicians' Attitudes of Respect, despite the negative attitudes doctors harbored towards their obese patients, the same patients expressed their satisfaction with their providers. The researchers concluded while physicians may be successfully playing the part, the lack of true respect suggests the authenticity of the patient-physician relationship should be questioned. In our final story today, we ask, how might weight stigma be a vicious cycle? Although total fasting can dramatically increase blood levels of the stress hormone cortisol, as much as doubling within five days, just dieting alone does not. There is, however, a way stress and obesity could turn into a vicious cycle. Weight stigma. Across thousands of individuals followed for four years, those reporting discriminatory experiences had more than twice the odds of becoming obese, and those who started out obese had more than three times the odds of staying that way compared to those who started out at the same weight, but didn't experience discrimination. Now this could be from stress-induced eating on one side of the calorie balance equation, or stigma-induced exercise avoidance on the other. Obese individuals with more frequent experiences with weight stigma report greater avoidance of exercising in public, feeling judged and embarrassed. These two fat exercise fears may be well-grounded, strong anti-fat biases have been documented in both fitness professionals and regular gym goers, which may translate into an unwelcoming environment in fitness centers and health clubs. Whichever side of the calorie equation gets tipped, those who experience weight stigma can also end up suffering health consequences independent of any added weight. Those reporting more frequent fat prejudice exhibit higher levels of depression, higher levels of inflammation, and higher levels of oxidative stress, as well as a shorter lifespan. Two studies following a total of nearly 20,000 people both found about a 50% increase in mortality risk among those reporting greater daily discrimination. Weight discrimination may shorten life expectancy. Despite these hazards, some scholars advocate for even more fat shaming. The president emeritus of the prestigious Hastings Center infamously advocated for a kind of stigmatization light, using social pressures to compel people to lose weight without resorting to outright discrimination. After all, he argued, what else has the potential to counter the persuasive force of the billions spent in advertising every year by the food and beverage industry? It worked against tobacco. He recalls his own battle with addiction. The force of being shamed and beat upon socially was as persuasive for me to stop smoking as the threats to my health. The public health campaign destigmatized cigarettes turned what had been considered simply a bad habit into reprehensible behavior. When such campaigns have been tried, they've been met with fierce resistance, though. Georgia's Strong for Life campaign featured billboards of morose-looking obese children with captions like warning, chubby kids may not outlive their parents, or it's hard to be a little girl when you're not. The campaign's sponsors defended the ants as an attempt to break through the denial in a state with some of the highest recorded childhood obesity rates. It's only defensible, though, if it works. Yale researchers found that when normal weight women provided with bowls of M&M jelly beans and chips to snack on after watching clips of stigmatizing material like clumsy, loud, lazy stereotypes getting teased about their weight, they eat about the same amount compared to watching neutral material, such as insurance commercials. But when overweight women watch the same two sets of videos, they triple their calorie intakes after watching the stigmatizing scenes. The researchers concluded this directly challenges the notion that pressure to lose weight in the form of weight stigma will have a positive, motivating effect on overweight individuals. In other words, it could make things worse. Being labeled too fat in childhood was associated with a higher risk of becoming obese compared to children weighing the same who were never told that. But does that mean we should just ignore the elephant in the room? Many doctors apparently think so. Just as veterinarians have been found to be reluctant to tell people their pets are obese, fewer than a quarter of parents of overweight children report having been told by pediatricians about their child's weight status. One might think it would be obvious, but a Gallup survey found that parents appear to be notoriously poor judges of their children's weight. Similarly, the percentage of adults who describe themselves as overweight has remained essentially unchanged over the past few decades despite skyrocketing obesity. All this, Gallup concluded, helps paint a picture of mass delusion in the United States about its rising weight. I think patients have the right to be informed. Those told by their doctor that they're overweight have about four times the odds of attempting weight loss and about twice the odds of succeeding. Just as smoking physicians are less likely to challenge their smoking patients, overweight physicians are less likely to bring up the subject of weight loss or even document obesity in their charts. Ironically, overweight patients trust diet advice from overweight doctors more than docs who are normal weight. Unfortunately, primary care physicians appear to have little to offer in terms of specifics fewer than half who were surveyed said they provide specific advice to their patients. Just telling patients to watch what they eat is unlikely to be particularly helpful, but many primary care physicians may not even get that far. Most physicians said they would spend more time working with patients on weight management if only their time was reimbursed appropriately. Maybe we could offer a bonus to refrain from blaming the victim as one pair of commenters wrote in response to the pro-stigma camp. If shaming reduced obesity, there would be no fat people.  If this doesn't foster sympathy among my medical colleagues, I don't know what will. Researchers talked to men and women who had lost and kept off more than 100 pounds to tap into their unique insight, having personally experienced what it's like to be morbidly obese and then, on average, 126 pounds lighter. 47 such individuals were interviewed. They were asked to think back to when they were heavier and make a choice. If someone offered you a couple million dollars, if you stayed morbidly obese forever, would you have chosen the money or would you have chosen to be normal weight no matter what? Option number one was I would have chosen no money and being normal weight would have taken me about a second to decide. Option number two was I probably would have chosen being normal weight, but the possibility of having that much money would make me think about the choice. And option number three was I wanted to be normal weight, but I really could use the money if I would be a multimillionaire. I think I could live with being morbidly obese. One of the 47 had to think about it, but the other 46 jumped at option number one. No one chose option number three.  If that shocked you, buckle your seat belts. They were then asked about being obese compared to other disabilities. Normally when you ask people to choose between living with their own disability or switching to a different one, there's a strong proclivity to stay with their own. For example, even though most people would rather be deaf than blind, blind people prefer to remain blind by a large margin rather than having sight without sound. They already know how to cope with their own disability, and so there's safety and familiarity. However, the exact opposite happens when the formally obese were asked. Every single one of the 47 said they'd rather be deaf for the rest of their lives than obese. Every single one said they'd rather have difficulty reading, be diabetic, have very bad acne or heart disease than be obese. More than 90% said they'd rather have a leg amputated and similarly, about 9 out of 10 said they'd rather be blind their whole lives than obese. Obesity appears to be the only handicap where nearly everyone wants to switch, no matter what the cost. To quote one study subject, when you're blind, people want to help you. No one wants to help when you're fat. We would love it if you could share with us your stories about reinventing your health through evidence-based nutrition. Go to nutritionfacts.org slash testimonials. We may share it on our social media to help inspire others. To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, or studies mentioned here, please go to the Nutrition Facts Podcast landing page. There you'll find all the detailed information you need, plus links to all the sources we cite for each of these topics. For a timely text on the pathogens that cause pandemics, you can order the e-book, audiobook, or hard copy of my last book, How to Survive a Pandemic. For recipes, check out my second to last book, My How Not to Diet Cookbook. It's beautifully designed with more than 100 recipes for delicious and nutritious meals. And all the proceeds I receive from the sales of all my books goes to charity. NutritionFacts.org is a non-profit science-based public service where you can sign up for free daily updates on the latest in nutrition research via bite-sized videos and articles. Everything on the website is free. There's no ads, no corporate sponsorship. It's strictly non-commercial. I'm not selling anything. I just put it up as a public service, as a labor of love, as a tribute to my grandmother, whose own life was saved with evidence-based nutrition.


Welcome back to my YouTube channel guys. Today we have Chantel. We haven't seen Chantel in a while and I thought I'd have her on because they have been approved right for a visa to live in New Zealand. So just so you know, they've been to like over 100 countries and they're picking New Zealand. So it's pretty great here. And so if you're thinking about moving here and want to get some information on where to start, I thought I'd cover that in this just brief video today because I get this question probably like about five times a day. What do you do? Let me just overview what you do. If you're thinking about moving to New Zealand, you need to start with the New Zealand immigration site and you go on there and there's like a little quiz that you can take to figure out how many points you have, what visa options are available to you based on where you're coming from and what your skill set is and what kind of skills they're looking to immigrate to New Zealand. And so that's where you start. And if you have any questions about that, I'm happy to help just reach out to me, email me or whatever. And that's what I do. I help people figure out all those details. But it's best if you go on the site and figure that out what visas you qualify for before you contact me because that's where you need to start because it's always changing and I'm not able to give necessarily immigration advice, but I can kind of steer you in the right direction. And so I get so many questions about visas and everybody's situation is so different. So a lot of people just book a time to talk about it with me. But I thought I'd have Shantel on here today because I'm having so many more clients that are doing the entrepreneurial visa or doing the investor visa or all different types. And I just think it's helpful to have and hear other people's experiences getting a visa. So thanks for joining us today. Nice to be here. Yeah, so good. So Shantel, you came when you, it was like COVID. Why don't you tell the story? Yeah, so we came on a holiday as you do when you come to New Zealand and we were locked down because of the pandemic. So we were happily stuck here, I say. And we thought it was maybe three months and two years later, we were still in New Zealand. So after being here this long, you kind of get immersed into the culture and you discover the country. I mean, we fully discovered it from Cape Reanga, which is the very north all the way down to Stewart Island, which is the third island that a lot of people don't really know about if you're overseas. Yes. There's not just the north and the south. That's true. So we visited the country. We fell in love with the people, the landscape, the culture and just its beauty and kind of what New Zealand is all about. And so it was like an easy process. We were like, I think we want to call New Zealand home one day. Yeah, like they got stuck here. They loved it. And now they want to apply. Like she said, like we've been to many countries. So we know, like we've seen a lot of government systems and we've seen a lot of different things and we really could appreciate everything that New Zealand has to offer. So we thought, okay, what are our options? And where are you originally from? I'm originally from Canada. Okay. Our governments are very similar. They operate similar. Our healthcare system similar. And we're dual citizenships with Switzerland actually. So very different. Switzerland's very, very different. So and you have long story short, we were trying to see what our options were. And so when you're first coming to New Zealand, obviously, if you're in a trades or a job that's like in need, that's an easy visa to get because they need skilled workers here. Or if you're younger and you want to just do that working holiday visa is a great, I think it's 35 and under for that one. Yeah. And that was kind of neat too, where you can work and kind of see the country. But they do want you to stay in one spot. I spoke to a lot of the like different farming people and they don't want people just to come work for a week and then go and travel. They want people there to really help them in their business. So normally like in the winter, those people on that visa will stop and work for a couple months in one location. But it's a really great end for you to come into the country and meet the people and get some contacts because getting a job here is all about who you know. And so if you can come in here and like make some contacts and then maybe they can sponsor you for a longer visit, it's just much easier to extend your visa to get more visa options once you're in the country. So for us, it was a little different because we're entrepreneurs at heart. So we own a business. We run businesses. That's what I've been doing for my whole entire life, essentially. And I grew up in a family business. So it was natural to not want to have a job and plus for digital nomads. So we want to travel and having a job doesn't kind of equate to being able to have that lifestyle. So we decided to do what's called the entrepreneurial work visa. So essentially, you just kind of go through the process. We did it without any help. So we did it ourselves. But we had the confidence in doing that because in the past we did that to live in the US for a while. And so we paid expensive lawyer fees. We've done that whole process once and we realized, and this isn't the case for everybody, okay? But I'm just saying from our perspective, we realized that all they did was literally give us a checklist. This is what you need to do. And we gave it to them and they prepared it nicely. They did a good job preparing it nicely. But we can prepare things nicely too. No, and that's a really good point because my clients are always asking me, can you recommend an immigration advisor? And I go, my first line of recommendation is that you don't need one. Wow. Everything on the website is all that you need. Like you actually don't know. Of course, like you said, there's circumstances and situations and some people's personalities, they just prefer that. They just have that extra, you know, because it's not an easy country to get it. In fact, as an American, it's probably one of the hardest. Wow. Yeah. And you do have to make sure that you check off every single box. Now I'm saying that, like you just said, everything's very clear, very concise. And once you have started the application, you have an assigned officer who is working with you. And the biggest difference in misconception would be like you would feel originally as when you're applying. Oh, they're going to be working against you, but it's the opposite. They're working with you to make sure you have checked off all those things and you have given them the details they need so that they can make their decision. And so they work back and forth. They call you on the phone. You have access to the phone number. You're speaking to them. You're emailing them.  And so that's what I really want to make clear. So like I work with so many people that are applying for it. Now in order to apply for it, it's like application, you have to submit a business plan, right? Yeah. There are other things that I'm not, okay. Yeah. Is that it? No, like, yeah. There's a lot to do. There's a checklist of things to do, but I get so many Americans like afraid to just submit that. Like, have I thought of everything? Have I put everything in the business plan that they're looking for? Do the best that you can and submit it because like she said, they just work with you. If you forgot something, they'll say, hey, can we get more details on this? Yeah, go more in depth on that. Right. And so it's like, you're trying to understand what they're looking for and there's just no way that you can. So you do the best that you can and then don't worry about it because they'll just work with you at that point. Yeah. And then also, yeah. So it's this specific visa, it's a one-year visa and then you have to make sure you're not overestimating what you're going to do and then you have to meet certain requirements and prove that you have taken the steps to do what you said you set off to do. And then after that, you get extended for two years and then after those two years, they really analyze and check that you've done all those little things to be able to extend it and eventually have. So then do you get a resident visa after that? You would. You would. So after the two years? Three. Three years of meeting the requirements. And then check out two and so there's different options too. I mean, some people can do it differently. So that's not just the only, but this is what we are doing and what we have done. So yeah. Okay, cool. Yeah. I like, I end up recording myself throughout the whole journey of it and eventually I'll come out with a video that kind of explains more in detail of like all those things. Because like when you're doing it, it's very likely it took us a whole year from start to finish. Oh really? Is that including working with the guy? Yeah, the whole thing. The whole thing. Okay. Before it was like completely submitted and then you get that one year. That means you get that one year at that one point. Okay, cool. So yeah, sorry. I didn't say this in the beginning. This is Chantel with Growing Up Without Borders. So you can check out her channel. I'll put it in the description and yeah, so when she has that video when she's probably done with the process. Yeah. Yeah. It'll be interesting for people just to see what it was all through because I filmed even like submitting the documents, like all those little things. Yeah. Oh, that's why I like doing all the health checks, like all those things. Do you think it helped you that you lived here when you were going through it? 100%. Oh, okay. Because most people aren't going to have that really an option. Yeah.  But it's not necessary. Yeah. Yeah. You can just zoom or whatever. Yeah. This is what we do these days, right? Yeah. No, no, no. They really work with you. So I really, I was really impressed and like, you don't, it's approachable. Like, I don't know when you're working with, I'm not going to pick on the US, but when you're working with US immigration, it's scary. And they're like, I mean, I did this a long time ago, but like they didn't get what we did. They didn't question it was just kind of like over the, and they're just, you feel like you're just going to get a stamp yes or no approval. And it was like, here's like, let's work together. Right. And so that's what I feel like Americans feel when they're applying. They feel like it's going to be that. Yeah. And it's not. And so it's just an introduction to the culture is what it is. And so that's cool. So, so you were immigrating from Switzerland to the US at some point or was it Canada? Canada. Canada. Yeah. Okay. And then you went through that whole process and then what kind of visa or green card or whatever. Back then I had an L1 visa. Oh, an L1 visa. Yeah. So we brought our company because we were living in Florida as digital nomads. And we had our girls in school and such. And the US started hassling us like as a Canadian. It was really funny. So I got stuck for three hours at the border and question like, what are you guys doing here? Are you working? Yeah.  Like what if I get not able to come in and Tyler was with the three girls, they were really young at the time and I was trying to get in and they wouldn't, they said, this is your last time coming in. So I was like, okay, let's do a proper visa so that we can stay. And it was great because then we were allowed to have our girls in school for the full 10 months.  So before that, the digital nomad was supposed to be okay, but people weren't familiar with it. It was very gray. Like, are you working? Are you not? Are you allowed to be working?  Because then your taxation changed. So it was like all of that, right? Okay. So then we just made it, okay, like, I'm going to be an employee of my company and we're going to register there. And then, but then it was like never certain because it was like, are they going to approve or disapprove? And you get this like feeling. And how long did that practice take? Do you remember? It was like, It wasn't, I feel like it wasn't that long. It wasn't as long. But then when they go to renew it, that's that whole pressure, like, are they going to accept it? And do they understand what we're doing? They're going to find some little reason to not exactly. Like, we all know if you're a very, you know what we're saying. And it's just like, you feel like you don't, you're never really part of, you know, essentially, and to be honest, not to be mean, but we never really, that wasn't never our intention to be there long-term anyway. Yeah, right. Yeah. So it's okay. It's okay. Not like New Zealand. So yeah, okay, there we go. So does your visa, sorry, I'm just curious. It still lasts? Like, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. No, we're back to normal. No, no, it's like, once it's expired, that's it. I see. And so that was a renewal that you were talking about. Okay, cool. Well, I so hope that this video was helpful to you. If you have any questions about that, please post below and like, just share your experience or, you know, kind of what you're going through. Feel free to book an appointment with me. I'll put the link in the description as well. And I'll see you next week. Bye.


Parents in Souffre on Wednesday 13th March participated in a parenting session hosted by the Souffre Original Development Foundation through its community liaison department. The session aimed to assist parents in better understanding and addressing the challenges faced by children in today's world. The community transformational officer at the SRDF, Yvette Pascal, explained that over 50 parents in and around the Souffre Basin are now equipped with the knowledge to help their children navigate the digital world we live in. The primary objective of this session is to empower the parents, educate them and create a safer online environment for the children. It is important that we have this program in Souffre, not only in Souffre but across the island because too often we have our young children online doing whatever they want and not what we want. So I think if we educate our parents they will create a more online friendly atmosphere for the children. Facility to Dr. Venus Cherry lauded the SRDF for such an initiative. I think this should be done more often in many different places every little niche and cranny you can and what I like about this I saw kids here today parents brought in the kids so the kids are here for themselves first hand the dangers but yes seminars like this are very very important because every day we talk about why are our kids like this why are people like this. Dr. Cherry further stated that it is important for parents to have a vested interest in everything their children do to ensure their safety. You need to understand as a parent how much control you have how you can connect your two devices and control and lock your children out of the internet at times and so I think it's important that people understand that they have the power and it doesn't matter from Souffre if you went to high school everyone has a cell phone right now a smartphone and can operate it so they need to understand that as good as it is and we feel like it's part of our everyday life it's like having a knife in the kitchen. The Souffre Regional Development Foundation says this initiative is the first in a series to ensure the holistic development of children in Souffre. From the Souffre Regional Development Foundation I am Jeanif Gonzaga.


Welcome to CallRef, a pipeline for collaborative and git-based literature reviews. I'm Gerrit Wagner and I'm Julian Bressler. Today we're excited to present CallRef. CallRef is a standard for data and collaboration management that supports the entire literature review process. In literature reviews, we still have to waste a lot of time with data wrangling, operating complex interfaces, dealing with unrevealed reference managers, and converting proprietary data formats back and forth. We're not prepared to complete the process efficiently with updates and multiple search and review iterations. Our inspiration to address this challenge are the tidy rows and statistical data analysis packages. In these cases, we've seen the benefits of shared data structures which allow users to select and combine different packages with ease. Our work also builds on git with its transparency, reproducibility, and scalability built in. With Git as a basis, we could really scale collaboration within review teams and beyond by involving the broader research community. Git also makes it much easier to undo changes or test different extensions. We believe that the design of data structures really matters in order to create an ecosystem of review tools and forget we need to think beyond tabulated data structures. These data structures would differ from conventional ones in reproducible research. For literature reviews, we need to regularly feed updates and new records into the process, and the process itself combines manual and automated steps. That's very different from the typical reproducible research analysis where we really manipulate the raw data, and all the changes are purely computational, but simply dumping everything into Git version control would create a huge mess. If we combine shared data structures, standardized operations, and a Git workflow, everything becomes much more efficient and we can cycle through the review process with ease. We believe that just proposing a data structure and management system would not be enough. To show the benefits and to get this idea to fly, Khorov is now available as a first prototype and guaranteed to start walking you through the live demo that covers the entire process end to end. So welcome to the demo. This is the three-step workflow of Khorov, and all you need to know is Khorov status. This command shows you the current state of the project and also tells you what the next operations are. So you run Khorov status, then run the next operation, then you can also validate the changes. So you basically repeat these cycles. This will take you through the whole review project. From initializing the project to retrieving the metadata and PDFs, screening activities, as well as different forms of data analysis and synthesis. So Khorov status, which now tells us that we should initialize the Khorov repository. You can take any review type from that list. Let's just go for a scoping review as an example, and you can read up on the details in the documentation. So now everything's set up. You see the different directories and files were created. So I found Khorov init. The status now tells us that there are zero records in the process, and the next operation is Khorov retrieve. And this tells us how to add search results. So you could simply copy files on BIP, RIS, XLSX to the data search directory. We could provide PDF documents, or you could run an API space in search. So let's try that. So here we are in the documentation where things described. You see the different options for API searches, and we just go for the example. So I run it, and the example is the crossref database to additional databases from our discipline, and we search for our microsourcing as the keyword. So we run these commands, and it fetches all the results. And then we run Khorov status, where we see 33 records in the process. We should run Khorov retrieve again.  So let's run that, and I'll explain to you what happens in the background. So the search results are stored in the data search directory. The settings are in the settings, Jason. That's where the search parameters or the API calls are stored. Now the load operation brings everything into the same Biptech format, and it adds a few fields. For example, the Khorov status, which keeps track of the state of each record throughout the process. This could be MD imported, and it changes to MD prepared, perhaps pre-screen excluded, or synthesized in the end. Now the Khorov origin points to the original record in the search source. So it's important to keep track of that. Now the prep operation also uses province data, describing where each field comes from, and whether there are any quality defect. For example, the title comes from this source, and it has a quality defect because everything's in capital letters. Now the prep operation resolves all of those quality defects based on high quality datasets like Khorov curations or crossref. In this case, you see that everything's fixed, no remaining quality defects, and it's even connected to a Khorov curation. So coming back to our example, we see that everything is completed. We repeated the search with no additional records that were retrieved. The load was completed for the different search sources. In the preparation, we see several records that are quality curated, as well as two records that are excluded automatically. In the pre-screen, there are a couple of duplicates that were identified and merged. So the next step, according to Khorov's status, is pre-screen, where we provide a short explanation at the beginning, and then we check each paper whether it's relevant to our objectives. So in that case, it's microsourcing, it says relevant. Same here. So in the end, we get a short overview of our coding, and the next step is to run Khorov PDFs. So that retrieves the PDFs from our local hard drive from other projects, as well as online from the Open Access PDF collection of Unpaywall. So now there are a couple of PDFs that would need to be retrieved manually, but I'd like to continue with the process. We just skip the screen, which is pretty similar to the pre-screen, so we include all in that step. And now in the Khorov status, it suggests the immediate next operation, the manual retrieval, but we can also go for the verbose mode, which gives us more options. So here, we see more operations and additional information on versioning and collaboration. We see that in the data operation section, there's Prisma, Flowchart, an obsidian vault for data analysis, as well as a manuscript that we can find here. There's information on how to build the manuscript and how to create versions. So let's just have a look at the output. You can see the verb document with the Prisma, Flowchart, all the details, the figures added based on the pipeline. There's a to-do list of the relevant records that would need to be synthesized and the full reference section with all the details. So basically, we've completed a whole literature review in just five minutes. And we can also go online to see the example repository. So you can use Git to collaborate in small teams in private or also in larger teams in public projects. So there's no limitation here. You also see that there's full transparency of the changes. You have one commit for each operation that we completed. You can go into the individual commits, have a short record at the beginning and also see the detailed changes that were applied throughout the project. So now I'm sure you're all wondering, how can I try this and how can I get involved? But there's a variety of ways in which you can get involved and they somewhat also reflect our vision for how Coloreff will develop going forward. By the way, all the different links here on the slide will be available in the video description.  Use it for your literature review projects and let us know what you think. The more and more people will use Coloreff, the more we will be able to refine the best practices and for example, tailor to the nuances of particular review types that you're working with. As you've seen in the demo, Coloreff is built with extensibility in mind from the start. So we are looking forward to many, many contributions and extensions that integrate Coloreff with your most favorite review tools. We have only briefly touched on the possibility of curated repositories in the demo, but we envision community level curations to play an important role for the reuse of review projects and you can read more about what we mean by that following the link to our Coloreff curations. And so ultimately, we hope that Coloreff will become the data management standard for literary use. But to make that happen, we need you. So please download Coloreff today and start using it. We are looking forward to your feedback.


So yesterday I uploaded a money exploit which allowed you to make thousands. Today it just got a little bit better as this upgraded version sees you earning millions. Has it gone guys my name's dpj and if you enjoyed this video leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more be sure to subscribe. So the money exploit is pretty simple and I will explain how it works for those who didn't catch my previous video. So within your character attributes inside of technical ability you need to make sure you have one perk point in mechanic and three in workshop. This helps improve this method massively. Then guys it's all about dismantling solder cans. Yes once you dismantle a solder can you get common and uncommon components. These you sell to anyone or anything with any source of money. The drop points though are great and the best in my opinion as they are all over the map. So the point of this is the more solder cans you can get and the faster you can get them the more money you make realistically. So the quicker you get solder cans the quicker you make money. Well thanks to JJ30N and DJcrease on Twitter who shared these two locations with me. We see two areas in different parts of the map utterly stacked with sold out vending machines. You can decide to use whichever you want but locations to both you can use the unscrew now.  If all the machines run out but you want to keep going because you've got plenty of money it's quite simple.  All these vending machines will reset and it can continue to root them. Otherwise disassemble your solder cans then go to any or multiple drop points and sell those components. You can literally rinse and repeat this for as long as you like and it will make millions for you. So yeah just a quick update on yesterday's video with a much much better spot of getting those solder cans and I hope this video helps you out. Remember buy solder cans dismantle them and you get common and uncommon components then go to anybody who buys anything or go to a drop point anywhere on the map pinpoint these components and just sell them. It is as simple as that. And guys the end of the video has arrived. If you enjoyed it leaving a like really helps out. If you're new around here and want to see more cyberpunk be sure to subscribe. If you never want to miss a video or upload turn those notifications on by hitting that bell button. But guys thanks as always for stopping by. Hopefully you enjoyed the video and hopefully I will see you on that next one.