Would you like to be fully creative? Would you like to fulfill your human potential? So if you would like to do this, is it a good idea to go with a flow, or is it a good idea to have a super regimented schedule that might constrict you? So let's talk about this. And what I'm going to do is actually read to you a chapter from my book, Joyful Productivity. I am recording this on October 2nd and just starting to announce that the audio book of Joyful Productivity has just been released.  She has a beautiful voice and I'm just so proud of the book being read by her. So check it out on Audible.com or on iTunes. You can buy it either place. So but let's talk about this. I'm going to read the chapter to you and I'm going to offer some commentary around this. All right. So to start with, let me, well, I'll just start with the chapter and then I'll offer some of my thoughts. All right. So what is your relationship to deadlines? Do you work well by giving yourself due dates or do you avoid deadlines and prefer to go with a flow? Either way can work. Understand your choice and be accepting of whatever consequences occur as a result. If you go with a flow, then be accepting that you may never meet your goals, that your goals may constantly change based on your internal whims and other people's external requests. On the other hand, if you want to set a vision, have goals and to achieve your goals, then you need to have a good relationship with deadlines, especially the ones that you set for yourself. Call it due dates, milestones, deadlines. I've even had clients call it lifelines or divine lines or any other word that energizes you. Okay. So let me pause here from the chapter and kind of share with you some of my current thoughts on this. So this is a philosophical question that you need to answer for yourself. How do you like deadlines? It seems so obvious of a question because everybody has deadlines and it's also obvious to everybody or it seems to me like everybody assumes that deadlines are bad. Deadlines are bad. You're supposed to feel bad when it comes to deadlines. And by the way, I'll do another quick tangent. Is it bad to feel bad? Let's think about this together for a moment because this has been a life-changing transformation and thought for me recently. What if it's good to feel bad? Okay, let's hang with me here. Feelings of anxiety, frustration, confusion, depression. I'll take depression out of the picture for a moment because depression can be horrible and can be spiraled down into just suicide. It can be really, really bad. But let's just talk about kind of mild negative feelings of some anxiety when you're creating something, when you're writing, when you're creating, when something's not certain and you're trying to create something that's not been created yet. There is naturally anxiety. Naturally, there's anxiety. I feel it. I feel it right now. I'm speaking to you. I'm not sure. I see people on the live video coming and going.  I must not be interesting enough. Why are you leaving? You know what I mean? There's anxiety. It doesn't matter if I'm writing alone. If I'm doing a live video, I see the numbers go up and down. People come in. People go out. Or if I'm creating an online course and I'm going to market, I'm like, I don't know if anybody's going to buy. Maybe what if I do all this work? It's common fear. What if I do all this work and nobody, and it doesn't make a difference? Nobody buys. Nobody cares. That's a common experience for me. It's not just you that's getting, everybody feels this. And so the question is, how do you deal with negative emotion? Do you try to avoid it? It's a bad somehow. It's bad for my physical system if I start feeling anxious or maybe a little bit of anxiety, a little bit of confusion, a little bit of uncertainty and doubt and reluctance and resistance is a good thing. What if it is making you stronger? What if it is giving you the opportunity to work through it and then end up on the other side being stronger and having created something working through the negative emotion? So I want to invite you to reframe negative feelings as good because it can be good if you reframe it as good. Don't worry about how it affects your physical system. Say, oh, negative emotion, that's an opportunity for me to work through something and come out stronger and wiser on the other side. It is a gift. Your anxiety is a gift. Your uncertainty is a gift. Your doubt is a gift.  Everybody has a deadline and it's called death. So go with the flow came from, I think, ultimately came from your soul's eternal expression. I'll share with you my personal beliefs here and I hope you don't mind and you could tell me what your personal beliefs are. But I personally believe that you and I live forever. Our soul and our consciousness goes on after physical death and so we still have that memory of eternity and we still have that memory of full capacity to do whatever we want.  But I'm talking about here in the third dimension constricted body of, you know, October 2nd, you know, and you have a deadline of 80 years in this physical life. You can't just go with the flow. Otherwise, you will find yourself homeless, poor, homeless, you know, and probably in jail. Okay. If you fully go with the flow. Now, there is one positive example of going with the flow.  Do you know peace? Peace pilgrim is one of my greatest heroes. Yeah, if I were to say that if I'd only pick one hero in life, it would be peace pilgrim. That's it. Peace pilgrim. Very similar to Gandhi over here. I really should get a nice picture of peace pilgrim and put her up here because I really like her very much. Peace pilgrim went with the flow, but she went with the flow completely out of service to humanity. She slept on concrete floors a lot. She slept in the woods a lot. Do you want to go with the flow and do that? She was completely homeless. She had no money, no possessions, just accept what she wore and everywhere she went, she just walked until someone gave her food. She walked until someone gave her shelter. Otherwise, she slept on the concrete floor on the roads or on the forest. That go with the flow I think makes sense. The only go with the flow that makes sense. Full service to humanity, she was so happy. She was fully fulfilled in her human potential out of service. Now, if you don't want to do that, if you still want to have comfort, if you still want to have food whenever you want food, if you want to live in comfort like I do and like most of us do, you can't go with the flow. You will be in jail. You will be homeless. So does that make sense? So basically if you have goals, it doesn't make sense that you go with it. If you have a goal and you have requirements for a particular lifestyle, how can you go with the flow? Please help me understand those of you who are totally free-spirited. I honestly am confused. I am truly confused by this. How can you have life requirements of I want to have this kind of house, I want to have this kind of car, I want to be able to go on these vacations, I want to have these experiences and I want to go with the flow and how I live. If I don't feel like doing this online, if I don't feel like writing this blog post today, I'm not going to write it. It's too much work. I feel anxious today. I think I should just take care of myself today. I'm tired. I don't want to do a video. George says we should do consistent content but George has a lot of energy. I don't have energy and I'll just go and relax today. Oh, I don't want to reach out for clients because it's scary. What if they reject me? I don't want to go with the flow. I just want to go with the flow and hopefully people will contact me. I'll do whatever I feel like doing. If I just do whatever I feel like doing, eventually my goal will be met. Please help me understand what you're thinking. Please, because I don't understand how it's aligned between I want a lifestyle like this and I want to just go with the flow. I'm honestly confused. Please help me understand. Okay, so let me continue reading the chapter to you and I'll share with you how I understand these things. Okay, so consider three ways of being. One is go with the flow. This way can work well if you are already financially secure or you don't need to achieve specific results except whatever comes with just going with the flow and a sidebar here. If you have a trust fund, wonderful. Congratulations. Your parents, your ancestors have already succeeded financially.  You can go with the flow. You really can because yeah, you always have housing. You always have food, just enough at least, and you can do whatever you want. Congratulations. You can go with the flow and knowing that you can't give yourself specific goals to reach in life because you're going with the flow, continuing on with the chapter. Many artists prefer this way but they usually end up with a lack of material comforts. Oh, I just want to, I just feel like doing some art today or today I don't feel like doing art and that's, you know, okay, back to the chapter. Just know this. If you aren't going to be reliable, you can't expect others to be reliable for you. Don't expect life to give what give you what you want. You'll need to learn to completely flow with whatever comes. Like I said, if you have a trust fund, beautiful. Do that. You can go with flow if you want to or if you want to be like Peace Pilgrim, God do that because she was a fully realized being who was homeless and had nothing, you know, just fully spiritually realized and that's amazing, right? Okay, let's go back to the chapter. Total acceptance is a profound spiritual practice and as I mentioned, that's Peace Pilgrim for you, right? Okay, the second way of living is scheduled performance. Scheduled performance. Many successful, successful in quotes, worldly successful people work in this way. Think of Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian of all time. When he was practicing and competing, just about every waking minute was completely scheduled. If you read the story, really, when he was competing and in the Olympics, every minute he has an exact routine, eating exactly the same, you know, exactly knew what he was going to eat, exactly knew how many minutes to do brushing his teeth. I mean, everything was down to like the minute, okay? Whether it was swim practice or rest or meals, everything was regimented so that you could optimize his time and life energy for the best possible athletic performance. And sidebar, not surprisingly, he is he won more Olympic gold medals than anybody else in history. So scheduled performance, scheduled everything is regimented does work for success. If you follow a successful formula and you're able to do it willing, disciplined enough to do it. Back to the chapter, the same goes with people who are financially successful. They often have their workday scheduled down to the five minute mark. It's true. So if you read biographies of successful people, it's often very regimented. The third way of being is scheduled flow, scheduled flow. This is what I aim for.  Okay, let me, let me go off sidebar here a little bit. Ever since I wrote this chapter, I actually now work on Saturdays as well, except on Fridays, I only work till 1pm on Friday. So Friday afternoons are free. But Saturdays, honestly, I took the entire day off and I did that for months, maybe years. And honestly, it got really, really boring. So I just got bored not doing anything on Saturdays. And so I mean, I went on long dog walks and, you know, different parts of the city and I live in San Francisco. So there's plenty to explore. But I just realized I just, I feel much more fulfilled when I'm in service to others. So I decided to create co-working Saturdays. So I have a group co-working every Saturday to two sessions. If you're interested, let me know and I can invite you as well. And I just work on Saturdays to further my knowledge in service to my clients and my audience. That's what I do on Saturdays. And it's so much more fulfilling now that I do that. So I'm really, and I work on my side project, my side business on Saturdays as well. Okay, back to the chapter. I look at my calendar throughout the day and I do whatever I have in my calendar. Here is the difference versus the Michael Phelps scheduled performance mode. Here's the difference. Whenever I do the tasks that I've scheduled, I just go with the flow within the task. I aim to enjoy the task itself without forcing myself to perform or achieve achieve a perfect result. To say it differently, I make sure that I show up for the task that I've scheduled, which is left-brained. And then I allow my creativity and intuition to guide me within that task, right-brained. Not that I'm perfect at always doing this, but scheduled flow is a practice I keep coming back to again and again. I do the work for its own sake, and I practice mindfulness and joyfulness within the work, no matter how the results turn out. This is how I'm writing this chapter now. I have a deadline that I need to write and post this by 9 a.m. Am I nervous, anxious, and hustling? I've practiced just letting my fingers flow. Whatever words come out, based on a preset theme, and I edit lightly, is what you'll end up reading. I'm inspired by this passage from the Bhagavad Gita. To action alone has thou a right and never at all to its fruits. Let not the fruits of action be thy motive. Neither let there be in thou any attachment to inaction. Therefore, without being attached to the fruits of activities, one should act as a matter of duty, for by working without attachment, one attains the Supreme. Just taking a sidebar here, because there's a lot that I just covered. The difference between me and Michael Phelps, or Jeff Bezos, or any other super-uber successful, totally scheduled person is that I don't blame myself for results that I don't achieve. I don't get anxious that I must earn this much money. I must write a perfect blog post. I must get a yes from this person. I simply show up and I create and end my creation. I smile and I enjoy the process of creation, or enjoy the process of reaching out to the perspective client, or enjoy the process of marketing my courses. I enjoy the process of making this video. I enjoy the process of doing boring administrative work. I breathe joy into whatever I'm doing in the moment. I enjoy the process of clearing up my emails, or processing my tasks of the day. I enjoy the process without attachment to whatever might happen. Oh, the client might say no. The video might turn out terribly. The blog post nobody wants to read it. The course nobody will buy it. It's okay. I am just here for the activity itself to breathe joy into the activity, to breathe grace, to breathe love, to breathe gratitude for the fact that I get to incarnate in this life, and practice joy, practice gratitude, practice love, practice humility, practice non-attachment in whatever I'm doing, knowing that my eternal soul and my destiny is perfect. So none of it matters. None of the results matter. I don't have to make a certain amount of money. I don't have to have a certain amount of readers, or viewers, or whatever. And yes, anxious with live videos, it can be, it's true. There is anxiety naturally created by, oh, how many people are watching? Oh, are people commenting? Oh, are people liking courses? Oh, did anybody buy? Oh, my God. Is the client going to say yes? These are natural anxieties from the ego mind that happens. But like I said, remember before, negative feelings are good. It's good. It's a gift because, oh, the anxiety is the opportunity for my eternal soul to practice meeting that anxiety with gratitude or with joy. Without something to push on, without evil in this life to push on, we cannot grow. Evil is a gift.  We cannot die. Nothing can happen to us, our eternal souls. Nothing can stop your destiny of being perfect in your soul. Nothing can stop your destiny of the path of perfection towards perfection.    So because you can't screw it up, because I can't screw it up, any evil we perceive in this world of anxiety, bad things happening, evil in the world, social injustice, racism, blah, blah, blah, blah, are a gift for us to push against that with our love, with our wisdom, with our strength, with our courage, with our humility. It gives us something to push on, because we are here to work out in this world. It's my opinion. Our souls came here to work out. So anyway, back to, so therefore that's what I mean by schedule flow. I still keep a schedule. My schedule is quite regimented every day, but I don't come here to my task and I'm so afraid if I do this. I don't resist what's on my calendar, because the reason why most of you resist what's on your calendar is because you're afraid. You're afraid that if you show up for it and it's and if you can't succeed in doing that thing, it'll be a waste of time, right? You're afraid that if you show up and you don't have the right ideas, you can't work on the writing or on the whatever product you're creating or on the reach out, or you're afraid if you show up for the administrative tasks that it'll be boring. What if you show up anyway and you practice love? Don't think about the tasks that you have to do and it's boring. You're here to practice love and to practice creativity, to practice joy in the boring task. The boring is the evil that we're pushing up against, bringing our creativity and our joy and our lightheartedness to it, right? Okay, back to the chapter here. The key is that I stay with the task. I don't allow myself, so meaning I have a strategy that I keep on experimenting with and testing and finding what seems to work better in the real world. So yes, I do care about the results in the grander scheme of things, but not in the moment. I don't care if this client says yes, but I care overall if my client enrollment methods are effective, but I don't care if this client says yes. I'm here for this client out of love and out of joy, right? But she or he can say no and it's not a problem. But if she or she says no later, I might say, huh, how can I have a conversation next time that is even more of service or how can I talk to the right people? So overall, I care about results, but not in any one project, not in any one campaign, not in any one course, not in any one blog post. You see what I mean? So the key is that I stay with the task. I don't allow myself to get distracted and go with the flow in terms of changing tasks, surfing the net, etc. I stay with what I plan to do. Yet I am not afraid of making mistakes because I don't have a set performance result that I must achieve. Granted, I am much more able to do this because I'm a solopreneur. I get to decide what work product is adequate. I'm not having to please anyone, not even myself, because I care more about the process than the perfection of the result. However, even if you have a job and you need to produce results for your boss, there is a great benefit in learning to flow within the task rather than obsess about the results. Here is a great passage from the book, The Practicing Mind by Thomas Sterner. Quote, we become fixated on our intended goal and completely miss out on the joy present in the process of achieving it. We erroneously think that there is a magical point that we will reach and then we will be happy. We look at the process of getting there as almost a necessary nuisance that we have to go through in order to get to our goal. It's a paradox. When you focus on the process, the desired product takes care of itself with fluid ease. When you focus on the product, you immediately begin to fight yourself and experience boredom, restlessness, frustration, and impatience with the process. The reason for this is not hard to understand. When you focus your mind on the present moment, on the process of what you are doing right now, you are always where you want to be and where you should be. All your energy goes into what you are doing. However, when you focus your mind on where you want to end up, you are never where you are and you exhaust yourself, you exhaust your energy with unrelated thoughts instead of putting it into what you are doing. This awareness of being where you are and in the present gives you the constant positive reinforcement of reaching your goal over and over again. Let me read that again. This awareness of being where you are in the present, in other words, being focused on the process rather than the result that you want to achieve, gives you the constant positive reinforcement of reaching your goal over and over again because your goal is to be here and to practice the process. That's your goal, right? Keep continuing on with a quote from the book, from his book. However, when your mind is only on the finished product, not only do you feel frustrated in every second that you have not met that goal, but you experience anxiety in every mistake you make while practicing. You view each mistake as a barrier, something delaying you, delaying you from realizing your goal and experiencing the joy that reaching that goal is going to give you. Unquote. That was from the book, The Practicing Mind by Thomas Stirner, T-H-O-M-A-S-S-T-E-R-N-E-R. Wonderful book. It was life-changing for me. Okay, so onward with my book here. So we are repairing our relationship with deadlines by reframing what mistakes are. They are a learning opportunity as we aim for a goal, but whether we achieve the goal or not, we value the process and the learning more. Okay? Ironically, by doing this, we tend to achieve better results anyway, but let us not focus on the results. Whether the results are good or not, the question is whether the process was good. Were we mindful? Did we enjoy the work? Was it compassionate? Was it aligned with our values? If you're going to avoid deadlines and due dates and want to go with the flow, then be fully accepting that life will give you whatever it wants to, sometimes demanding things you don't feel like doing but have to, to stay alive or to get out of trouble. Instead, why don't we create a new and healthier relationship to deadlines? Let's set goals and the deadlines as our compass and yet journey joyfully. Work towards the deadlines with a playful experimentation and curiosity, appreciating the learning and the moment-by-moment process. So that's the end of that chapter and I hope you'll consider listening to the joyful productivity audiobook. Just go to amazon.com or go to iTunes, search joyful productivity and now there's an audiobook version. It is beautifully read by Jill. Her voice, I like her voice better than my voice and she just charmingly reads the book, so you may enjoy that. And thanks for those of you who are able to join me live here. Let's see Wendy and Molly, Kristy, Margaret and Bryce, Captain, Jadina and I want to thank Bryce and Captain for their comments. Bryce wrote a very thoughtful comment here. He wrote, even if you're financially secure, going with the flow is utterly depressing. I had all the time and money to do everything I wanted last year so I went with the flow but my flow was I don't feel good so I'm going to watch TV or play some music but I felt empty. I had everything I wanted but I felt useless and alone. Going with the flow is good for certain things sometimes like visiting a city and letting yourself discover the streets. Going with the flow is good when you don't have any goal, want or need in any given situation but more precisely when your goal is not to have a goal but we all need structure at some point or we jump right into depression like I did. I'm not the only one to say that. Jordan Peterson and Mark Manson say it as well. So thank you, Bryce. I really appreciate that comment. It's so true. So let's learn. If we want goals in our business, we can't go with the flow. Not in terms of our schedule. We got to schedule things and then we flow within activity. Captain says, question. If we focus only on the process and not be bothered about the results or outcome, how can we measure the worth value and effectiveness of our activities? What did we show up but are unable to achieve something within that interval? Great, great question, captain. So I did mention this a little bit early but let me unpack this a little bit here. When I make plans, when I schedule things, right, I am strategic. I say I'm going to schedule tasks that have a likelihood of success. Okay. So that's when I plan. But then when I show up for my plans, I don't worry whether that task is going to be successful. I just do the task with joy. The client might say no. The blog post might not get written. Now, here's the thing. Okay. Let's talk about blog post writing, for example. If I schedule 30 minutes to write a blog post, right, and then I show up and I do my darn this best to write the blog post in 30 minutes, and I can't physically write the blog post in 30 minutes, right? 30 minutes, actually, you should be able to write a blog post. Maybe for some of us, you will write a long post. Some of us will write short posts. 30 minutes, you can. But you have a certain desire for a certain quality. So to be strategic about it, you say, well, I could spend 28 hours writing a really great blog post, all right? But if we judge our own results and we don't put it out into the market, we are fooling ourselves and say, oh my God, every blog post from me takes 100 hours. And my God, it takes me three months to write one blog post. And I don't have enough testing in the market to know whether I'm going in the right direction. So then we have to be strategic in our planning and say, well, 100 hours per blog post is too ridiculous an amount to spend, amount of time to spend writing. 30 minutes may be too short of a time to create something of reasonable quality. So let's come to the middle somewhere and say I am going to limit myself to two hours or three hours or two sittings of writing a blog post, one hour per sitting. I'm going to limit myself because I know strategically that a blog post or a video or an online course or a product or an offering needs to be put out into the market. I need to put as much out into the market as I can to get feedback from the market so I know how to be more strategic with my next thing. You see, so once you come to some reasonable middle in terms of how much time you are willing to give yourself, constrict yourself to, and I say the word constrict, very contract yourself to, I say that very specifically because a lot of us, I consider myself a free spirit too in a way because I believe in the free spirit of the eternal soul. We need to constrict and contract our soul to a particular structure and this is literally what we did with our human body. We constricted our soul to this structure to be able to work in the world. Same thing, we need to constrict our creativity to a particular structure. Two hours, no more than two hours, for example. And if I do that, then I can put enough out. So in other words, we have to balance between putting enough out into the market to get feedback and putting enough of ourselves, giving ourselves enough time to create something of reasonable quality, reasonable pride. Okay, it's not something that I feel terrible about, but I'm not going to be perfectionistic about it. So yes, it is a strategic work of figuring out what that balance is. 10 hours is too long for a block post. Half an hour or 15 minutes is too short. So maybe two hours is good. So, you know, talk with your coach, talk with your friends about what is the right time. You know, for example, another example, please don't spend five years writing a book. One year writing a book is reasonable. Don't spend five years writing a book. Creating an online course, please don't spend six months creating an online course. Three months is reasonable. I'm a little bit, I'm very practiced at doing online courses now, so I can create a new course every month. But for you, that might be too fast. So let's split the difference between one year is too long to create a course, six months is too long to create a course. Let's come to a middle here and say, please constrict yourself to three months of creating a course and just put out whatever happens in those three months.  But that deadline needs to be thoughtfully produced. I thoughtfully created that balance. Okay. So that's enough for now. Thank you for, I should have kept myself to a deadline of 30 minutes for this video, went over the deadline. So that's kind of hilarious. But you could see what the difference, if I just flow with this, I can talk with you for eight hours. And this video would be ridiculously long. Nobody will want to watch it, right? That's why that's another example of deadlines that matter, right? So anyway, thank you. And I hope this has been inspiring for you and helps you to create more thoughtful deadlines and then enjoy flow, bring your spiritual self into the deadline so you can have both the benefit of a deadline and the benefit of being a free spirit. Okay. Blessings, any questions you have for me, I'm always open to it. Just comment below. Have a great day.


Welcome. I welcome you all to this lecture in the course, Samasa in Panini and Grammar. This is the first course. We begin our lecture with the recitation of the Mangala Charana. Vishvasham Satchitanandam Vandeham Yokilan Jagat Charikarthi Bari Bharati Sanjariharthi Leelaya Vishvasham Satchitanandam Vandeham Yokilan Jagat Charikarthi Bari Bharati Sanjariharthi Leelaya We are looking at the theory of Samartha as stated in the Panimian Grammar. We said that the word Samartha has got two meanings. One is capable of and capable of expressing the interconnected meanings. We also said that a word unit which is capable of expressing the interconnected meanings is called to be Samartha. So a pratyapadika is not Samartha as it cannot express the interconnected meanings on its own just being part of the list without the pratyaya getting added to it. Once you add a pratyaya to a pratyapadika and if that pratyaya is a soup the entire word unit becomes a padha. So we can say that it has to be a padha that is a subanta and also a tinganta that is capable of expressing the interconnected meanings. We also said that the word Samartha is interpreted to mean Samaha Arthaha having the same meaning. In the previous lecture we have already seen the discussion in the great Vyakarana Mahabhashya on the interpretation of the word Samartha. And we shall study Ekarthi Bhava in some detail in this particular lecture. But before studying that let us recap the meaning of the word Samartha namely Samaha Arthaha. The interlinked subantas they are eligible to be compounded. The subantas and tingantas are Samartha but the speakers of Sanskrit have never made a compound between the subantas and tingantas. And the grammar has not yet explained any phenomenon into this particular format. The speakers of Sanskrit have compounded the subantas in their usage. And so in order to explain this particular fact the Sanskrit grammar notably the grammar composed by Panini has stated that it is these subantas which are interlinked which are eligible to be compounded. Such interlinked subantas undergo the process of compounding and this process of compounding involves several types of operations where a particular statement prescribes a compounding and then the elements are brought together and further processing happens. So several types of operations do take part in this particular process of compounding. This process evolves step by step and the compound is derived step by step with the help of or in accordance with the rules laid down in the grammar, the Paninian grammar. And such a process will generate an output in the form of a nominal root which will mean the same as the interlinked separated subantas. This is what is Samaha Arthaha. The generated output in the form of a nominal root will mean the same as interlinked subantas. This is what is Samaha Arthaha and this output meaning will be one unit. The input meaning where two or more units independent and separate units whereas the output unit in the form of meaning will be just one unit. That is the feature of the process of compounding and this output meaning will be the same as the interlinked meaning of the separate and independent subantas. This is why the compound is explained in terms of the sentence. A compound always can fall back upon the sentence to convey the explicit meaning which is hidden in the surface form of the compound. And this aspect we have studied earlier when we studied the passages from the Vyakarana Mahabhashya composed by the great Patanjali in which the distinction between Hekarthi Bhava and Vyapiksha was clearly stated in terms of certain parameters. Now let us study Hekarthi Bhava in some more detail because this is directly relevant for us in order to study the process of compounding as stated by the Paninian grammar. It is to be remembered however that it is only through Vyapiksha, it is only on the basis of the Vyapiksha where there is interlink between the meanings of the words that the process of compounding begins. And then the resultant output is of this particular feature which is known as Hekarthi Bhava. Let us study what is Hekarthi Bhava. Let us first of all study the literal explanation. What does the word Hekarthi Bhava stand for? And how is this word explained? So Hekarthi Bhava itself is a compound. It can be termed as Tatpurusha compound and in more detail it can be termed as Gati Tatpurusha compound. The explanation of this particular Tatpurusha is the following. Na Ekarthaha Ekarthaha Bhavati Na Ekarthaha Ekarthaha Bhavati The artha which is not one. There are many arthas so obviously there is no one meaning but now it is becoming one meaning. So meanings which were not one are becoming one and that is why Ekarthha and Bhav and so Ekarthi Bhava and here is the process of the derivation of this particular compound word. So there is this suffix chvi that is added over here after the word Ekarthha. So Ekaharthaha Ekarthaha this is the first compound to which is added the suffix chvi which means Abhuta Tatbhava which means that Ekarthha was not there earlier and now it has come into being. And so Ekarthha plus chvi plus Bhava. This chvi is a zero suffix as is stated here but because of this suffix this a gets substituted by long e and we have Ekarthhi chvi Bhava. Ekarthhi zero Bhava finally we have the word Ekarthhi Bhava. This a is substituted by e by the sutra asya chvau. This is how we derive the word Ekarthhi Bhava. What does it imply? Something which does not have one meaning is made to have one meaning. So there are two words in a sentence having independent separate existence though interlinked yet independent and separate existence. And those two words have separate meanings. That means that there are more than one meanings even though these two words are interlinked. So now the interlinked unit is such that it consists of two words as its constituents and these two words have got two meanings that is more than one meanings which are also independent and separate however they are interlinked. Now these two words which have separate meanings are made into one word in the process of compounding and similarly the two separate independent meanings are now made one. So the one word which is made up out of two words and now there are two meanings but these are made to be one. So this one word is made to have one meaning where there are two constituents and two meanings. This is what is Ekarthhi Bhava. What it amounts to is the merging or integrating of two meanings into one unit of meaning. As Patanjali has pointed out which we studied earlier, some Sureshtartha and Sangatarthha is the meaning of the word Samarthha when we have Ekarthhi Bhava and that is what is highlighted by the meaning of the word Ekarthhi Bhava itself. So if two units get merged or get integrated into one, obviously this one unit which is newly generated will have certain features in comparison with the input which consisted of more than one unit. And here are those three features enumerated on this particular slide. Ekapadhyya, Ekarthhi and Aikasparya. These are the three features of Ekarthhi Bhava. Aikapadhyya means the state of being one word, Ekapadthata. Aikarthhi means the state of being one meaning, Ekarththata and Aikasparya means the state of being one accent, Ekasvarata. These are the three important features of Ekarthhi Bhava, Aikapadhyya, Aikarthhi, Aikasvarya. Obviously it assumes that there was not Aikapadhyya, there was not Aikarthhi and not Aikasvarya at the beginning of the process of compounding. There were multiple padas and multiple meanings and multiple accents. At least two padas, two meanings and two different independent accents. There could be more as well but at least two were there and now they are made into one unit of pada, one unit of meaning and one unit of accent. In the sentence, there are two separate words denoting two separate interlinked meanings and they also have two separate accents. In the compounding process, the two words merge into one, two meanings merge into one and two accents merge into one and behave as one in the output form of the sentence. This is very, very crucial, very, very important. Let us study these features one by one. First, let us take Aikapadhyya, state of being one word. So in the sentence, we have Radnaha Purusho Gacchati, three words in the sentence. Radnaha Chasti Ekapachana, Purushaha Prathama Ekapachana and Gacchati, the Tigantha. So now, the meaning is the king's man goes. Three words, Radnaha Purushaha and Gacchati. Now when we do the Aikarthi Bhava, the Radnaha and Purushaha, two words, they become one unit and so now you have Raja Purushaha as one unit. And so now we have only two words in the sentence. In Radnaha Purushaha Gacchati, there are three words, three padhas and Raja Purushaha Gacchati, technically there are only two padhas. There are two terminations, one sip and one thing, that's all and therefore there are only two padhas. So Aikapadir thus reduces the number of padhas and makes them one padha, one unit. Similarly, Aikarthi, which is the state of being one meaning. So, Radnapa Purushaha and Gacchati, the three words have the three different meanings. Radnaha has got Rajan plus Gnas, Purushaha has got Purusha plus Su and Gacchati has got Gama plus Ti. As the division of Prakriti and Pratyayya, which we have seen earlier. Now, the meanings of all these, they are also linked and so Rajan plus Gnas, Rajan means Raja, Raja, Gnas means sambandha and so Rajan plus Gnas means Raja sambandha. Purushaha, the word Purusha means Purusha and the Pratyayya Su also means Purusha in accordance with the rule in the Panimian Grammar. So Purushaha means Purusha. Gacchati means Pratama Purusha ekavachana kartru vartamanakala gamanakriya. So Pratama Purusha ekavachana vinnakarta and vartamanakala and gamanakriya. So these are the meanings. There are three independent meanings. There are three square brackets which make one sentence meaning. But when we do the ekarthi bhava, Raja sambandha and Purusha, they get merged as meanings and then we have Raja sambandhi Purusha plus Pratama Purusha ekavachana kartru vartamanakala gamanakriya. Now we have only two meaning brackets. This is the effect of the ekarthi bhava in the form of ekarthi or ekarthata and we also have Aikasvaryya, the state of being one accent. So in Radhnya Purusha Gacchati where there are three words, the sentence has three different accents. So first of all we have Radhnya, then Purushaha and Gacchati. So Radhnya has got this initial vowel accented. In Purushaha as well the initial vowel is accented and in Gacchati no vowel is accented. So Radhnya Purusha Gacchati consists of Ra being accented and Pu being accented and nothing else is accented. This is in accordance with the accent rules stated in the Panimian grammar. Now when we join Radhnya and Purushaha and make them one padha and before that we join their meanings and make one meaning out of the two. So Aikarthya and Aikapadya are achieved. Then we also do the Aikasvaryya. And so in Radhnya there is one accent Ra and Purushaha has got one accent namely Pu. Now when they get merged obviously both of the accents cannot remain. Only one of the accents can remain because there is one unit that comes into being. Now which one of the two should remain that is the question and sometimes one of the two retains its own accents or sometimes some other additional accent is also marked as the feature of the process of compounding as it happens over here. So if one of the two accents of the two padhas were to be retained either this Pu initial or Ra initial accent would have been retained. But that is not the case. Samasasya, the sutra which comes at the end of the first padha of the sixth adhyayya says that even any the Purushaha compound or any such compound the final vowel becomes accented. And so in Rajapurusha we have the final uh getting accented so all other vowels they become anodhata. So we have Rajapurushaha and Gacchati and when we join them together this gh takes the shape of the Svarita. So the bottom line is that the word Rajapurusha which is one word gets one accent which is the final vowel. This is the important feature of Ekarthibhava. Amongst these three the question is is there any sequence in the process of speech production that is when a compound is produced what happens first. And so here is that sequential application. First there is Ekarthibhava, the state of being one meaning that is brought into being. So the speaker desires that let there be one meaning of the two constituents. This is part of the Arthakasha and this forces to have Aikapadhyaya that is the state of being one word and following it is Aikasparya which is the state of being one accent. Aikapadhyaya and Aikasparya are part of the Arthakasha whereas Aikarthya is part of the Arthakasha. So first Aikarthya then Aikapadhyaya and then Aikasparya this is the sequence. After having studied what is Aikarthibhava let us also study some other technical terms related to Aikarthibhava. The first is vratthi and vratthi is said to be pararthim vratthi. Let us study what is vratthi and what is pararthi. So vratthi means a typical word building process described in the grammar, a typical word building process. What it is defined is the following. It is defined as pararthya or pararthata which means a new composite meaning that is generated which propels the word formation process which is known popularly as the process of compounding. So pararthya is the feature of the vratthi. The merged meaning is the characteristics of the process of compounding and the merged word form and also the merged accent is the characteristic of the process of compounding. This is how vratthi and pararthya are explained. So in this process when two elements become one which one of them becomes the head of the newly generated one output. This is the typical question. So here we have x as a separate independent word followed by y as another separate independent word and these two are interlinked and then they come together and an output is generated namely x, y as a composite word, as a compound word and now in x and y independent words they were acting as the head of their units. So there are two heads but because this is one unit there cannot be theoretically two heads. There has to be one head so which one of the two becomes the head. There are four options either x retains its original headship or y retains its original headship or both x and y they remain the head or none of them become the head and something outside element that can become the head. There are these four options four possibilities. What does the head do? What is the role of the head? The head determines the interrelation of the unit in the form of the compound with other words in the sentence. So for example in Raja Purusha Gacchati it is the interrelation between Gacchati and Raja Purusha which is determined by the head in Raja Purusha which is Purusha. So it is this servant or the man of the king which is going so the inter linkage of Raja Purusha to Gacchati happens through the head namely the Purusha. And other words are connected to the non head only through the head and not directly or independently. So in Raja Purusha Raja is linked to Purusha and Purusha is linked with the action of going so Raja can be said to be linked with the action of going through Purusha and Raja is not directly linked with the action of going. Also the head determines the gender and the number of the unit. The head also determines the accent of the unit in most of the cases and the head also determines the type of the compound. Let us look at the by default heads in various compounds. As we know there are four major types of compounds in Samskrit, Avyaibhava, Tath Purusha, Dhvanduva and Bahuvrihi. So which one of the constituent acts as the head in these compounds. So if X and Y are the two independent units and they get compounded and XY as another unit is brought into being. In the Avyaibhava compound it is X the initial member of the compound assumes the head shape. In the Tath Purusha it is Y the Uttarapada assumes the head shape. In Dhvanduva both XY they are the heads and in Bahuvrihi compound none of the two X and Y they assume the head shape. Some other element outside the compound itself becomes the head. This is the distribution of the head shape across different compounds. This is by default and there are certain exceptions where this situation changes. To summarize merging of two units into one at all levels meaning word and accent is the main characteristics of the process of compounding. Also described in this lecture was the term Ekarti Bhava. This merging has got some correlation with the constituents of the compound. But it is also believed to have different and independent status which means that the merged output is one independent status and the theory says that this one unit is over and above the constituent unit. The theory also says that this one unit is rather undivided word denoting one undivided meaning. The constituents that are visible in this one unit they are not real. They are just the generation of the imagination of the speaker. These are the texts that are referred in order to discuss these various aspects. These are the traditional sources. Thank you very much and we shall deal with the Samartha and the concept of a Samartha in the next lecture. Thank you.


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This is David Harding. Because of the importance of tonight's counterspy case, following our dramatization, there will be a special message from the Vice President of the United States of interest to all Americans. Pepsi Cola, P-E-P-S-I, that's your smartest cola by. Pepsi Cola presents counterspy. Harding, counterspy, calling Washington. United States, counterspy. Especially appointed to investigate and combat the enemies of our country, both at home and abroad. Tonight, the case of a courageous come on. Another counterspy report to the American people. Brought to you each Tuesday and Thursday by Pepsi Cola. Pepsi Cola, tips of spot, two full glasses, that's a lot. That's right, you heard what they said. Two full glasses of sparkling Pepsi from one big 12 ounce bottle. You're getting an extra glass bowl.  The most refreshing delightful cola that ever tickled your taste. You can't top Pepsi's tangy flavor. And that big, big bottle saves you money. Goes twice as far. Pepsi's America's big, big favorite. And America's biggest cola value. So why take less when Pepsi's best? Whenever you reach for a refreshment, remember. Why take less when Pepsi's best? And now to counterspy. It is a scene truly out of the old west. A dance and gambling hall crowded with hard-riding, fast-shooting men enjoying themselves, but at any moment ready for action. Suddenly the swinging doors fly open. A tall, languid cowpoke stands framed in them. The crowd quiets down as the cowpoke ambles to the bar and stops in front of a well-dressed, shifty-eyed man. Well, dude, it's sundown and I'm still in town. You don't take advice easy, Steve Morgan. I'm choosy about whose advice I take, dude. I don't like yours. I give you five seconds to draw. Now look, Steve, you don't want to take it. Okay, okay, that's it. Cut, cut. Camera will print that take. All right, boys. We can do the fight scene next. Oh, Gary! Gary! Well, how did it go? I'm a great director, okay? Well, well, great, strong toss-up. Thanks. You've got a visitor, Gary. Dr. Hobart Whalen. This is Gary Marlowe. Steve Morgan in this picture we're shooting. Well, how do you do, Mr. Marlowe? It's quite a thrill meeting you in person after seeing you in so many films. Thank you, Doctor. May I present my assistant, James Dover? Oh, sorry, Mr. Marlowe. I can shake hands with my left. Get used to it after being without a right arm a couple years. Oh, I'm sorry. I didn't notice. Okay. Everyone spots a leg first. Mr. Marlowe, is there somewhere we could talk privately? Why, my dressing room. Just follow me. To get to the point, Mr. Marlowe, I'm heading the Institute for Disabled Workers. And we're embarking on a large fundraising campaign. Well, maybe I'd better save your time, Doctor Whalen. All my charitable contributions are handled by my business manager. We're not looking for charity, Mr. Marlowe.  Well, I'm sorry. I thought... Sure, I know you thought we're looking for a handout. Charity, huh? Did you ever take any, Mr. Marlowe? It sticks in your craw. Jimmy, you better wait outside. Uh... I'm sorry, Doctor. Believe me, Mr. Dover, I didn't mean... My fault, Mr. Marlowe. I'd fly off the handle to least... Wait outside, Jimmy. I'll finish our business, Mr. Marlowe. All right, Doctor. I'm sorry again. I'm always being sorry. Doctor, I didn't mean to hurt him. No one does. You see, Mr. Marlowe, that's what my Institute is for. To educate the public to the abilities of disabled people. To accept a man minus an arm and a leg like Jimmy, for instance, as a man, not a cripple. Dr. Whelan, any way I can help you, I will. Well, thank you, Mr. Marlowe. You can, by contribution. Not of your money, but of your time. Yes. Month from now, we're holding a benefit in New York City. It's to raise money to set up a chain of industrial and liberal arts schools for the disabled so they can become self-employed. A month from now, you said? Yes. I'd like you, the famous western film star, to be our master's ceremony. We'll have a full program of stars and celebrities. Well, I think I can do it, Dr. Whelan. I'll have to clear it with my agent and my studio, but that should be simple. Splendid, Mr. Marlowe. Thanks for your cooperation. I'll have my secretary, Miss Vicki Brent, call you for a final confirmation. Good day, sir. Bounderspires, Washington, from United Stage and Screen Actors Union. Pursuant to Tax Bureau Memorandum. This is to notify you that members of our union are being solicited to appear at a benefit performance for the Institute for the Disabled. Dr. Hobart Whelan, director. We are notifying our members they may appear unless you notify us to the contrary. I'm counting the telegrams this came in for you. That's it, Peter. Oh, yes. What's it all about? Oh, that's right. You were out of town on the horn case when this Memorandum was issued. I must have been. I don't know what it refers to. Charity benefit performances. The Tax Bureau has been having trouble with them. Oh? How? Well, in some instances, the tax regulations allow entertainers to deduct contributions of their services to charity just as if they had donated cash. But there were a number of benefits last year that were nothing but highly organized rackets. Oh, I get it. The tax people wouldn't allow the deductions to play in those benefits. That's right. So we've worked out an arrangement with them in the various entertainers' union. They notify us of scheduled benefits. A routine investigation. Do the sponsors of the benefits know about it? Not if we give them the clean bill of health. And if we don't? No benefits. If they want to promote one for themselves in the penitentiary. Fine. Or once we get a chance to stop a crime before it's committed. That's about it. So put this institute and this doctor Hobart Whalen through a routine investigation and then we can forget it. Unless, of course, it turns out to be not routine. Yes, Mr. Marlowe? Well, this is Dr. Whalen's secretary.  And we'll see you in New York in a month. Goodbye. The great Gary Marlowe, Vicki. Yes, Jimmy. He says he'll emcee the benefit performance. Well... You're not very enthusiastic about it, are you, Jimmy? Sorry, Vicki, I've got the bluest. Vicki, Jimmy, I have splendid news. Splendid news. Splendid news. What is it, Dr. Whalen? Well, I've just talked to the management of Coliseum Hall in New York by Transcontinental Phone. They're going to let us have the hall for our benefit for just expenses. They're giving up their usual profit. Wonderful, Dr. Isn't it, Jimmy? Yeah, great. Well, what's the matter? Jimmy's a little down in the dumps today. Dr. It's just that I haven't been doing anything.  When they walked in, they took a look at me and they go, was he? Well, I can't stand the pity in their eyes when they see what the war did to me. I know how you feel, boy. That's why your job is the toughest of all. Yeah. Because you've got to stand that pity. The misplaced pity of a lot of well-meaning people. You've got to do that so we can break the ground and educate them to know that you don't need pity. We've got to show people that a boy like you was well able to take care of himself. Show them in a dramatic manner that they'll never forget. Maybe you're right, Doctor. Of course I am. Now I just made train reservations to New York.  On the double. And don't tell me that you can't do that with one leg. I know you better. Okay, Dr. Welles. Sorry. On the double. Now, Vicki, think I set the boy straight? No question about it. Funny thing is, every word I said was true. And you didn't mean a single one. The important thing is, he thinks I did. Yes, he does.  Him. Him? You falling for that half man?  Now, wait a minute. I'm working this con game with you. That doesn't mean I have to like it. What about on this sudden distaste? I just got a metal picture of Jimmy when he finds out that you and I are phony. Really? Was he heartbroken? Why don't you? The tears were streaming down his face. Touching sight. Doc, what do you use for a heart? A pump composed of animal tissue like every other human being. Don't flatter yourself. All right, I'll change that. Like every other animal in the jungle, you call civilization. Doc. The survival of the fittest. The strong eat the weak. I'm strong, Vicki. The kid's a sucker. In fact, he's a cripple who doesn't change that. Simply makes him better bait to lure on the healthy suckers. Okay, Doc. No lectures. Whatever you say, Vicki. Just don't turn into a sucker yourself. It's a little late for me to change sides, I guess. That's right. So snap out of it, Vicki. Two more days? We head for New York. Who is it? Hey, Jimmy. You out, Miss? Sure, Jimmy. Sure, the door's not locked. I thought you'd be in the club car. Got my own club car. Right here in my own compartment. Oh. Well, I see you. Do you get trained sick? Is that why... No, I just like a drink now. Nothing wrong with that, is it? Of course not, Vicki. If you want me to go... Why should I want you to go? Sit down. Look at the scenery. It goes by. I've just been talking to Dr. Whalen. Dr. Whalen. That calls for another drink. You want one? Vicki, don't you think you've had enough? I've had enough of something. But it's not this. Okay. What you looking at? The countryside. Oh. Makes me kind of ashamed of myself. You're ashamed? Look at it, Vicki. It's wide and rolling. Those wheat fields. Pretty in the sun, aren't they? They look pretty. The doctor's right. The doctor? Oh, yes, Dr. Whalen. Vicki. Vicki, I've decided something. This country's big enough for everything. Everybody. The mountains we went through. The plains we'll be rolling over soon. There's room in it for every man. Even a guy like me. A half. Sorry, Vicki. The doctor told you that, huh? Yeah, but I added something in my own. Vicki, this country is big, but it needs me. I'm alive. I've got something to give it. Me and a million other men and women like me. The trouble is it's kind of slow to wake up to the fact.  But I'm going to help smarten it up. You are. Sure, Vicki, and you too. You know something, Jimmy?  No, Vicki, who? You.  Stupid. And a sucker.  You're not a strong one. You're not like the doc. You're not like me. Strong ones. That's me. Vicki, what are you talking about? And the doc. The doc. He couldn't even give you a prescription to buy a bandage and a drug. No, you listen to me. Tell you a beautiful story about a rat. A pretty rat.  No, Vicki, makes sense. I wish I didn't. I wish I didn't, but I do.  What are you saying? What am I saying? Down off that crutch of yours. And I'll tell you. Operator, I'm in a railroad station. I only have eight minutes. I don't know the number, but I've got to talk to Countess by headquarters in Washington, D.C. Mr. David Harding. Mr. Harding, right away. Mr. Peters, call Mr. Harding right away. Mrs. Peters, Dave. Yes, Peters. Has anything come in on the investigation of that benefit for the disabled? No. There's not routine anymore. Bring whatever you've got to my office. We've got to go to work. Fast. Back to Countess by in just a moment. But first... Pepsi Cola hits a spot. Two full glasses, that's a lot. Lots more value, lots more zest. Why take less when Pepsi's best? More and more among fellows and girls, among mothers and dads, you hear that sane and sensible question. Why take less when Pepsi's best? No budget, no allowance, ever had a better friend than tangy, sparkling Pepsi Cola.  That's twice as much tangy taste. Twice as much delicious Pepsi to go just twice as far. That's why more and more families say, why take less when Pepsi's best? Yes, families like yours and mine. Families all over America. They're all saying, why take less when Pepsi's best? Pepsi Cola hits a spot. Tastes terrific. When you're hot, more and better than the rest. Why take less when Pepsi's best? Today, tomorrow, always. Get America's biggest cola value. Take home a carton of six big, big Pepsi bottles. Insist on Pepsi at the store. And say Pepsi at the fountain. Say Pepsi at the stamp. Say Pepsi. Whenever you reach for a refreshment. Remember, Why take less when Pepsi's best? And now, back to counterspies. He brints her in a corridor of a large New York hotel. Jimmy raises his good arm to knock on the door of room 302. Then pauses. You sure you wanted to show us the city? I'm sure. Mr. Hardy? That's right, Mr. Dover. Come in. Sit down. Uh, this is Miss Vicki Brent.  Oh, yeah, thank you. Why not sit back, Miss Brent? You don't look very comfortable on the edge of that chair. I'm a little nervous. No, it's all right, Vicki. This is my assistant, Mr. Peters. Miss Brent, Mr. Dover. Hello. Now, Mr. Dover, let's listen to you. What about this phony benefit you called me about? Well, I told you about Dr. Whelan and my part in it. Uh, sketchily, yes. Well, we've already investigated Whelan. He has a long record as a confidence man and a chiseling promoter. Well, I think Vicki, I mean, Miss Brent can give you a better picture of the setup than I can. Well, Miss Brent? First, Mr. Harding, I want to get one thing straight. Yes. Jimmy's got a little blind spot about me. This isn't the first fake deal I've been in. The doc didn't con me into it. I knew what it was all about from the start. I'm glad you said that, Miss Brent. It's a good beginning. What? We've been looking you up, too, Peters. The courier Brent and his barrier and his brandon indicted for racetrack swindle, suspended sentence, indicted a suspect in fur theft, probation, and some more. I couldn't have hidden it if I wanted to. Well, the important thing is you didn't want to. Now, will you tell your story? Well, Doc Whelan got the idea to promote this benefit for disabled people. He called me in on the deal and I went for it. Jimmy was hired by the doc and the doc gave him a song and dance about useful work and what a great project it was. Make the people aware of the ableness of the disabled. And I went for it hook, line, and sink. No reason you shouldn't, Mr. Dover. It's a great idea. I'm keeping that in mind.  Well, with Jimmy to go around with them and soften them up, the doc promoted half the big names in Hollywood. They'd... Well... Say it, Vicki. They'd take one look at me and drown in their own pity. I'm sorry, Jimmy. And I was supposed to pull the same stunt with the stars, only I'm not supposed to know that's what it is. We'll come back to that, Jimmy. Go on, Miss Brent. The doc set up a phony outfit. The Institute for the Disabled. Chartered in some state out west. Yes, with himself as the sole trustee for the Institute. Yes, we've checked that. That's right. He was going to send a check for the proceeds of the benefit to the Institute, all right? And be there himself to receive it. You expected to get away with something that wrong? No, Mr. Peters, but he expected to be out of the country by the time it was found out. Well, how far has the organization gone? All the way. Tickets, advertising. He's even got a Coliseum Hall lined up. Now he just wants to line up some more names. I notice he's scaled the prices on the tickets from ten dollars up to a thousand. He's no pocket. Well, anything else, Miss Brent? No, that's it. I'm glad it's finished. Yeah, and I guess I'm kind of sorry. Well, at least somebody was interested in guys like me. Finding out that disabled guys can do lots of jobs as well as they did before they were cracked up. Jimmy, don't say that. You know, it's funny. The only guy interested was a crook. And now he won't be around. Jimmy, I think he may be for a little while. What? I don't get it, Mr. Harding. When we make an arrest, it's for the good of society. But I'm not sure this case is as simple as that. Well, I don't understand, Mr. Harding. Well, I may be sticking my neck out. But if we plan the how and when of Dr. Whelan's arrest, we'd be doing a lot more for society than we would by picking him up right now. How's that, Miss Harding? I've got an idea that might work if Jimmy and Vicky will cooperate. Oh, anything you say, Mr. Harding. There'll be some risk. Vicky? I've gone along with you this far, Jimmy. I'll go all the way. Good. Now make yourselves comfortable. I'll tell you my plan. What a crowd, Jimmy. I never figured they'd turn out like this. The collar seems jammed. But I'm wondering where's Dr. Whelan? He'll be here. I'll stop worrying. Well, Mr. Harding's too swell about this. I'd hate for him to get in a jam. So you don't think Dr. Whelan's wise, do you? Jimmy, you don't think I tiptoe? Oh, no. No, I don't. I know you couldn't. What I... What I think about you... Well, a guy like me should. Jimmy? Mm-hmm. How do you know I couldn't cross out? Tell me. Oh, Vicky... Oh, there's Dr. Whelan. I guess he just came in. I'm looking so happy. Hello, Jimmy and Vicky. Splendid crowds. Where were you, Doctor? We were getting worried. I'm just checking up at the box office, Jimmy. Don't you think it's time Gary Marlowe started the program? Yeah, sure, Doc. I'll tell him. He's right over there. Say, Mr. Marlowe. Oh, yes, Jimmy. You want me to begin? Yeah, right away. Oh, and, uh... Mr. Marlowe, don't forget that first guest. He'll be kind of a surprise for everybody. How could I forget him? Well, here I go. Good luck, Mr. Marlowe. Start, Jimmy. Yeah, right away, Dr. Whelan. Let's sit here close and enjoy the show. I intend to. We've put a lot of work in it. We've all put a lot of work in it, Doc. Before we begin the show, there's a special guest I'd like to introduce right now, as he has to leave shortly on urgent business. In fact, this gentleman is always on urgent business. Ladies and gentlemen, I'm proud to present the Chief of the United States Counter Spies, Mr. David Hart. Jimmy, how did this happen? Special guest, Dr. Whelan. I thought it was great we could get him. He doesn't make many public appearances. Oh, yes. Great. Great secret. In those Western films of yours, how do you get 50 to 100 shots out of one six-shooter revolver? He's a beautiful citizen. The whole key position of the President's Committee on National... Colleague, Mr. Harding, that was wonderful, wasn't it? It certainly was. How's Whelan? He's unhappy there. Two of our agents are taking Vanua Field office to be booked. Well, then that winds up things there, Jimmy. Except for me, Mr. Harding. What about Vicki, Mr. Harding? Well, she'll have to testify against the doctor, of course. What will that mean? That means jail as a material witness. Jail. Of course, if someone would accept responsibility, Vicki could be paroled in his custody. Oh, I'll choose that, Mr. Harding. We've stuck together this long. I can stand it a little longer if you can. Okay, Mr. Harding? Okay, Jimmy. In fact, from the sound of things, I'd say very okay. And by the way, when you find time, get in touch with me about becoming a regular counterspire. Will you, Jimmy? Ladies and gentlemen, it's an honor to present the following message, especially prepared for this Counter-Spy broadcast by the Honorable Albin W. Barkley, Vice President of the United States. Today's disabled veterans and handicapped workers have the full support of the United States government in their quest for suitable employment opportunities. The President of the United States has established a special civilian committee to lend assistance in discharging this national responsibility of providing work for qualified handicapped men and women. The response by businessmen, industrialists, and labor officials has been highly gratifying. But we must intensify our efforts so that a war wound or an industrial accident is not a one-way ticket to the sideline. I ask your continued interest in those handicapped workers presently employed and added opportunities for those seeking work. I urge all Americans to remember that ability is much more important than disability. Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President. Next week's Counter-Spy case deals with the teenage terrors who worshiped a heel, the stolen loop that was paid for with a wet handkerchief and hard cash, and the underworld mobster who pulled a switch and continued to be a right guy. Be sure to tune in next Tuesday to the case of a Flatbush Fagan on Counter-Spy. And remember, when your friends drop in, be generous. But be thrifty, too. Serve plenty of delicious Pepsi Cola. Pepsi's big 12-ounce bottle gives you not just one sparkling glass full, but two. Get a carton of six and serve 12 delicious drinks. Yes, Pepsi is America's biggest cola value. You get twice the tangy taste, twice the refreshment, twice the Pepsi. So why take less when Pepsi is best? Whenever you reach for refreshment, remember... Pepsi Cola hits the spot. Two full glasses, that's a lot. Lots more value, lots more zest. Why take less when Pepsi's best? Tonight's Counter-Spy program originated in New York, was directed by William M. Sweet, dramatized by Palmer Thompson, and featured Don McLaughlin and Mandel Kramer with music by Jesse Crawford. Counter-Spy is a Phillips H. Lord production for Pepsi Cola. Enjoy some Pepsi ice cold tonight.


There's a man, his name is Kevin Hines, H-I-N-S. You can look this man up. In the year 2000, he was depressed. And he said, if nobody asked me how I am today, I'm going to jump off the Golden Gate Bridge. And nobody asked him how he was that day. He went to the bridge, and he ran, and he jumped. He's one of the few survivors. There's over 2,000 people have died on the Golden Gate Bridge since 1937. He's one of the few survivors. You know what he said? He said the moment he left the bridge, he had regrets. He landed. Usually, because you're going over 200 feet, 75 miles per hour, usually you shatter the spine.  He survived. He broke two vertebrae. He survived. He couldn't swim. A sea lion came and held him up until the lifeguard got him. Now he goes around doing suicide intervention for people. This is his life. The moment he jumped off, he regretted it because he was giving up the gift of life. And this is what the few survivors that have jumped off that bridge have said. He's worked since 2000 to get a net. They are finally putting up a net on the Golden Gate Bridge because of his work. But that's somebody who Allah gave respite. He could have died in there. And then, according to the hadith, the one who commits suicide does it again and again and again until the end of time in remorse. But he is a sign of Allah that no matter how bad things are, you're alive. And you can rectify yourself with Allah's panel down.


The commencement ceremony for the programs within the School of Engineering, Computing, and Construction Management will now be in order. Please be seated. Good afternoon. Thank you. My name is Rob Griffin, and I have had the honor of being the Dean of the School of Engineering, Computing, and Construction Management, what we informally call Secum, here at Roger Williams University since July of 2021. On behalf of the faculty, staff, and administration of Secum, and of RWU more broadly, I'd like to extend the warmest of welcomes to you all as we celebrate the class of 2022. I would first, excuse me, first like to take a moment to recognize Associate Dean Celleck and the 17 faculty members from our three programs that are on the stage with me. First, would the faculty from the Construction Management Program please stand to be recognized? Next, would the faculty from the Computer Science Program please stand to be recognized? And finally, would the faculty from the Program of Engineering please stand to be recognized? Thank you. I would like to also acknowledge the three Secum staff members that are in attendance. I am confident that the graduating students today will attest that these faculty and staff members were absolutely critical in their success here at RWU. Lastly, I would also like to announce that Professor Khaled Alhamdouni, a retiree of Secum, was recently granted emeritus professor status. As I mentioned, I have only been in the Dean's role for almost 11 months. After a 21 year academic career elsewhere, I came to RWU last summer. I would like to tell you briefly about what I sought when I was looking for an institution at which to become a Dean. And while this sounds like it will be about me, that is absolutely not my focus, bear with me because this is really about this institution and its students, including those that are graduating today. First, I wanted an institution that focused primarily on the student experience where faculty know the students and are dedicated to their learning and to their success. Second, I desired an institution where the students were both motivated and insightful. Lastly, I sought a university on the move, one with clear and unbounded potential and there was not constrained by doing things a certain way only because that is the way that it had been done previously. I have found all of these things within Secum and at RWU. As someone coming from the outside, I spent a lot of this first academic year coming up to speed, getting to know the Roger culture and understanding with the strengths and opportunities of our programs, our school and our university are. What I've found has underscored that my decision to move to RWU was the right one. Our faculty are passionate and creative in their approach to education and research. Our students show grit when confronted with a difficult task and curiosity when faced with new material. Our staff show care and commitment to ensure that both our faculty and our students have what they need to succeed in their various roles. I feel very lucky to come to work here every day. As I reflect on the 21-22 academic year, I can point to several highlights, all of which involve Secum students, many of whom are graduating today. My first matriculation, the ceremony during which all of you officially became RWU students three and a half years ago, began the academic year on a high note. This was followed by an event held by some of our engineering clubs at which I introduced myself, talked about my research and career path, and fielded questions about my work and vision for the future of Secum. At that event, I also got the opportunity to interact with some of our students one-on-one, which was my favorite part of the event, and at which I was welcomed incredibly warmly. I participated in student club meetings and events, mentored a computer science senior design team, taught my first class at RWU. I count that among the highlights. I'm not sure that the students in the class count that among the highlights. And I attended senior project presentations from all three of our programs, where I learned about, among other things, how to make an app to help kids learn geography while playing a game, efforts to detect ice on roads to protect drivers during winter, and the complexities associated with major building projects, such as an elementary school renovation. I will admit, however, that taking a whipped cream pie in the face from an overly enthusiastic, graduating Secum student, who shall remain nameless, but whom I'm staring at right now, that was part of a fundraiser and that absolutely topped my list. Today, my first RWU commencement also is certainly a highlight. Graduation has always been my favorite day of the academic year, because we get to celebrate all of you and your successes. Looking forward, I see great things for Secum, not only because of our tremendous faculty, staff, and continuing students, but because of the path that the students graduating today have continued to pave, forcing our trajectory ever more upward, much like those that graduated before them. Based on your performance here as students, I am confident that you all will excel in your lives after Roger. So congratulations, first, to our graduates. Even almost 30 years later, I remember my graduation day very fondly. While it was bittersweet, I recall the huge sense of pride in my accomplishments. We wish you all success and joy in life as you venture beyond our campus here in Bristol. Know that you always have a home here, and that we will welcome you back with open arms as often as you are able to return. Congratulations also to the families, parents, step-parents, grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, significant others. So many of our students could not have achieved this without you, and you should also be thanked and recognized for your contributions to today's events. I'd like to wrap up this short address with some quick thank yous. First, to the Seacum staff and faculty for their support over my first year. To the families and friends of our graduates for sharing your students with us for the past few years. Can honestly say, even though I've only been here 11 months, it has been an absolute joy. And lastly, to the graduating students, the class of 2022, for the warmth with which you welcomed me after what I am sure was a few tumultuous years for all of you. Your class will always hold a very special place in my heart as the first class that graduated while I was dean. Thank you. Moving on, our commencement today will have two main parts. Presentation of the core, President's Core Values Medallion Recipients and other recognitions, and the part that everyone truly looks forward to. Conferral of the degrees and the reading of the names where everyone has their own moment to shine on stage. I will now proceed with the presentation of the President's Core Values Medallion honorees. The President's Core Values Medallion has been established to recognize graduating seniors, one from each school, as well as what we call at large recipients, who best reflect university core values through distinctive contributions supporting the core purpose of a Roger Williams University education, to strengthen society through engaged teaching and learning. While the students that are the recipients have already received their medallions, it is an honor for me to announce the Core Values Medallion recipients for the class of 2022 from Seacom. After I announce your names recipients, please stand to be recognized. The recipient of the Seacom Core Values Medallion was nominated collectively by four faculty within their academic program. This student is one of the top students graduating today and will do so with highest honors and as a participant in the honors program. This individual has been intimately involved in extracurricular activities within Seacom, taking leadership roles in two of our student clubs. They have been involved in countless recruiting activities, performed student research and renewable energy and participated in community outreach. This student has become a central figure in our engineering program and has been identified as a mentor and resource to younger students. Next year, this individual begin doctoral studies at the University of Massachusetts. Based on this academic and extracurricular excellence and on their recognized integrity, it is my pleasure to honor engineering student Hannah Darling, with the Seacom President's Core Values Medallion. Our second recipient of a President's Core Values Medallion is an at-large nominee. This student has excelled in the classroom and will have their degree conferred with honors later in our ceremony. This individual has actively supported other students in their program through acting as a tutor for what most of the students in the program recognize as the most difficult course in the program. This student also has been involved in the club that promotes professional development in their field and has had three separate summer internships leading to planned employment after commencement with Schaumet. They also have been president of the student chapter of the Academic Honor Society associated with their program. As if this were not impressive enough, this individual also has been a varsity athlete during their time at Roger. Based upon this academic and extracurricular excellence and their recognized integrity, it is my pleasure to honor construction management student Luke Wassell, with an at-large President's Core Values Medallion. Hannah and Luke have exemplified our core values through inclusive, innovative, engaged, experiential, and transformational academic and co-curricular achievement throughout their four years. Congratulations to them and their families, friends, and faculty. In addition to the awarding of the President's Core Values Medallions, it is a tradition in Schaum to recognize the graduating student in Schaum and those in each academic program who have had the strongest academic performance. I will first recognize the top graduating Schaum student and then ask each of the program coordinators to come to the podium in turn to recognize the top performing students in each of our three programs. Students, when your name is announced, I ask that you please come up the ramp on the right to receive your recognition. It is my pleasure to recognize this year's overall top academic performer from Schaum. This student has followed a bit of a non-traditional path and that they transferred to RWU from a university in their native Japan. From their first semester, this individual's academic performance has been nearly flawless. While being involved as an international ambassador on campus, they pursued a degree in computer science with a specialization area of data science. They also presented a joint research project at the National Conference for Undergraduate Research. I personally had the pleasure of mentoring this student's senior capstone group and despite their humble and quiet nature, I could see very clearly this student's contribution to the final project. It was a pleasure to get to know this individual during that process. Please help me in congratulating this year's top graduating student in SSECUM who also was our undergraduate student Marshal, Reina Yamabayashi. I now invite Dr. Tony Ruko, Program Coordinator for Computer Science to the podium to recognize the top graduating student in computer science. Thank you, Dean Griffin. This entire class has been a pleasure to teach over all the time they've been with us. In every course, they have exhibited a level of competence that has been hidden behind their quiet demeanor. But even among the members of the computer class of 2022, one person stands out. In every course, the student has, in every student, in every course the student has been in, excellence has been the standard. The student picked up new topics and technologies and ran with them without hesitation. The student did not talk much, but when he did, it was always insightful and added to the discussion. This, his insight and hidden enthusiasm became evident during his senior project. When talking about the future potential of his project, his client, Dr. Cates, mentioned two things. One, it was the most she ever heard him speak at one time and his ideas warranted taking this project on for at least one more year. At this time, I would like to ask you to help me congratulate the top computer science senior, Rudy DeSanti. I now invite Dr. Mike Emmer, Program Coordinator for Construction Management to the podium to recognize the top graduating student in the construction management program. Thank you, Dr. Ruckel. The top student in CM is an outstanding student who reflects the core values of not only our program, but through great work ethic, intense curiosity of all things, CM and a passion for the construction industry. The student has always displayed a commitment to the CM program through their coursework and extracurricular activities. Their willingness to assist fellow students displays a belief in the value of teamwork and collaboration which will take him far in his chosen career. This individual is well respected by fellow students and was selected as the class speaker representing the class of 2022 at the senior alumni banquet. It is my pleasure and honor to recognize student, Luke Wasso, as the top graduating CM student. I now invite Dr. Charlie Thomas, Interim Program Coordinator for Engineering to the podium to recognize the top graduating student in engineering. Thank you, Professor Emmer. The first assignment in the first engineering course at Roger Williams University asks students to write an introductory email to their instructor. The information provided by the students is immediately useful in a variety of ways, but as I sat down to write this address, I realized it has one additional use. Excerpts from it can serve as the perfect introduction for the engineering student who four years later earned the highest GPA. So basically my address was written for me four years ago. The following message was sent to me on September 2, 2018, which I will note was four days before the due date. Good morning, Professor Thomas. I am from a small town in Massachusetts and I excerpted this by the way so the student may recognize that I'm not reading the whole thing.  I especially enjoy kayaking, hiking, biking, and camping. In addition, I kind of know how to juggle. Unfortunately, I have not yet had the opportunity to use any engineering graphic software. However, I am a quick learner which proved to be an understatement, so I am ready to start using them. And here's where you need to listen. I plan to pursue a specialization in environmental engineering. Check. I took AP Environmental Science and definitely sparked my interest to dedicate my time towards the people and places that need it most. I also plan to pursue a minor in sustainability studies. Check. Sincerely, the engineering student who in four years will have the highest, no, I'm just kidding, they didn't sign it like that. I am so pleased to announce that the student with the top GPA in engineering is Hannah Darling. Please join me in congratulating your heart. Thank you, Professors. Ruko, Emma, and Thomas. We now proceed to the chief purpose of these commencement exercises, the conferring of academic degrees upon the class of 2022. For all the families out there, please note that there is no order. They're not in order by program. They're not in order by alphabet. So please pay attention, so you make sure you get to see your student across the stage. If there were my parents, I know they wouldn't have been paying attention, so our undergraduate students today wear a hood signifying their graduation with their bachelor's degree and permanent, and I'm underscoring permanent to all of you, your permanent connection to the Roger Williams University community. These hoods bear the RWU colors of white and light blue. Students receiving master's degrees today will be hooded by Associate Dean Celleck as they process for their degrees. The formal hooding of students receiving advanced degrees is a centuries-old practice and signifies students' achievements in their chosen field of study. Master's student hoods include a wide velvet band and a color denoting the academic area in which their degree is held. Before we actually go to the reading of the names, we would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge those undergraduate students who have the distinction of graduating with honors. Would all students graduating cum laude with a cumulative GPA between 3.4 and 3.6 please stand to be recognized if you are able. Please be seated. Will all students graduating magna cum laude with a cumulative GPA of between 3.6 and 3.8 please stand if you are able to be acknowledged. Thank you, please be seated. Finally, will students graduating summa cum laude with a cumulative GPA greater than 3.8 please stand to be congratulated if you are able. Thank you, please be seated. Your hard work and commitment to academic excellence are to be commended and we are all extremely proud of all of your accomplishments. We now begin the fun part. We now begin the conferral of degrees will the candidates for the master of science in construction management please rise. I am pleased to certify that these candidates are eligible for the degrees appropriate to their course of study. By virtue of the authority granted by the state of Rhode Island and delegated to the president by the board of trustees, we confer upon you the degree to which you are entitled with all of the rights and privileges pertaining there too. Will the candidates please come forward. Natalie J. Manson, master of science construction management. Steven Edward Pulver, master of science construction management. Now the moment most of you have been waiting for. Will the candidates for the bachelor's degrees in engineering computer science and construction management please rise. And I ask that the students graduating please stay standing until the last student has crossed the stage. I'm pleased to certify that these candidates are eligible for the degrees appropriate to their course of study. By virtue of the authority granted by the state of Rhode Island and delegated to the president by the board of trustees, we confer upon you the degree to which you are entitled with all the rights and privileges pertaining there too. Will the candidates please come forward. Nicholas Anthony Pietrini, bachelor of science construction management. Jaylene Shia Cologne, bachelor of science construction management. Benedetto Joseph Bonavida, bachelor of science construction management. Michael C. Bruno, bachelor of science construction management. Jacob Riley Rainey, bachelor of science engineering mechanical specialization. Magna Cum Laude, Tyler R. Andrade, bachelor of science engineering mechanical specialization. Cum Laude. John Bernard, bachelor of science computer science, intelligent and autonomous systems specialization. Casey William Knight, bachelor of science computer science, intelligent and autonomous systems. Summa Cum Laude. Paul Louise Tuchinardi, bachelor of science computer science data science specialization. Summa Cum Laude. Brian Joseph Ranta, bachelor of science computer science data science specialization. Cum Laude. Nicholas M. Carina, bachelor of science computer science, custom specialization. John Scott Lovely, bachelor of science engineering mechanical specialization. Magna Cum Laude. Cameron Champa, bachelor of science construction management. Anthony Michael Chesky, bachelor of science construction management. John P. Donahue, bachelor of science construction management. Andrew Kelly, bachelor of science construction management. Harrison Thomas Timothy, bachelor of science construction management. Colin Eugene Tornay, bachelor of science construction management. Brandon T. Robbins, bachelor of science construction management. Joshua Paul Trifol, bachelor of science construction management. Thomas John Grace, bachelor of science construction management. Jackson Robert Tolley, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management, Ian Thomas Porter, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management, Andrew Kerbal, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management, Kyle Matthew Cobbilok, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management, Luke William Wassell, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management, Kumlade, Michael Milton Mekal, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Terrence W. Baker, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. John Joseph D'Angeles, Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Custom Specialization, Cum Laude. Patrick Amin Wethay, Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Custom Specialization, Cum Laude. Ethan Thomas Haynes, Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Data Science, Specialization. Jack Rhys D'Raquin, Bachelor of Arts, Computer Science, Magna Cum Laude. Roderick Ronald Ramirez, Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Custom Specialization, Summa Cum Laude. Kyle John Whitham, Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Data Science, Specialization, Cum Laude. Rudolph S. Desanti, Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Data Science, Specialization, Summa Cum Laude. Raina Yamabayashi, Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Data Science, Specialization, Summa Cum Laude. Alexander G. Golcup, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Civil Engineering, Specialization. Jack Walter Gould, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Alexis Laura Rodriguez-Des, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization, Summa Cum Laude. Cameron Michael Ferrera, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Civil Engineering, Specialization, Cum Laude. Tyler James Williams, Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Custom Specialization. Caitlin Rose Sample, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Jason Steven Moore, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Kyle Mosheur, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Brendan Patrick Regan, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Dean Fitzgerald Anderson, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Michael Anthony Sasso, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Mateusz Babinski, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Civil Engineering, Specialization. Sean Michael Tonneson, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. John Clayton Rogers, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Travis George Areta, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Nicholas Richard Cookson, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Camillo John Fontana, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Ryan George Scully, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Ryan Anthony Bobola, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Robert Hannah, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Hannah Rose Darling, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Specialization, summa cum laude. Daniela Francesca Giannotti, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Electrical Specialization, cum laude. Asaya Jefferson-Samson, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Christopher L. Michaud, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Jake Matthew Stamos, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Nicholas Leo Flannery, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Civil Engineering, Specialization. Adam J. Shell, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Michael Evan DiDonato, Bachelor of Science, Engineering Mechanical Specialization. Brian Christopher Farrell, Bachelor of Science, Engineering Mechanical Specialization. Emma G. DeHitri, Bachelor of Science, Engineering Electrical Specialization, Applied Mathematics, summa cum laude. Alexa Maria DeSessore, Bachelor of Science, Engineering Mechanical Specialization. Olivia Giovann Chesney, Bachelor of Science, Engineering Civil Engineering Specialization, cum laude. Jacqueline Emily Collins, Bachelor of Science, Engineering Mechanical Specialization. Jacob Gamble, Bachelor of Science, Engineering Electrical Specialization, magna cum laude. Aaron Courtney Maximon, Bachelor of Science, Engineering Mechanical Specialization. Grant Anson Gridley, Bachelor of Science, Engineering Mechanical Specialization. John Bernard Walton, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization, Mathematics. Hailey Arman Reed, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Peter John Bolamas, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Andrew Edgar John Paul, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Electrical Specialization. Dylan Robert Walsh, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Brandon Shane Cornejo, Bachelor of Arts, Computer Science. Nicholas Ryan View, Bachelor of Arts, Computer Science. Ryan James Lanava, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Electrical Specialization, Cum Laude. Alex A. Correa Ramirez, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Ignacio Andres Monge, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. Carson Jennings Andes, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Civil Engineering, Specialization, Cum Laude. Angelo Christian Pio Sedlak, Bachelor of Science, Construction Management. Serena Cassidy Olson, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Electrical Specialization, Engineering, Computer Science, Computer Specialization, Summa Cum Laude. Seth Fraunheiser, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Computer Specialization. Jacob M. Champlin, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization, Summa Cum Laude. Jordan Thomas McLennathan, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Civil Engineering, Specialization. Matthew Robert Hillcoat, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Civil Engineering, Specialization, Cum Laude. Natalia Wolfgang Banson, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Civil Engineering, Specialization. Angelique Rivera, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Mechanical Specialization. James Otto, Bachelor of Science, Engineering, Biomedical Specialization, Engineering, Electrical Specialization, Summa Cum Laude. So clearly that was our last student, but I would like to ask the audience to stand and applaud all of the graduates of the Class of 2022 from Secombe. Okay, so before I actually ask the students, before I ask the students to sit, normally I would not take my phone out, but I'm gonna do a selfie with the graduates behind me, both angles, so if you just bear with me. Thank you, you may be seated. This actually concludes the commencement exercises for the 2022 graduates of the School of Engineering, Computing, and Construction Management at Roger Williams University. Before I wrap up, I wanna remind the graduates that you'll always be special to me because this is my first class. I didn't actually know all of you, doesn't matter.  And then the other thing I want you to remember is you always have a home here, okay? So please come back and visit as frequently as you can. On behalf of the university, thank you all for joining us here today and celebrating these commencement exercises. Please stand if you are able and remain at your seats until all members of the recessional, including our graduates, have exited the tent.


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