Okay, hi everybody and welcome to the get your ass over to the two TLS workshop The point of this workshop is pretty much if you have any kind of problems to get TLS deployed in your infrastructure I'm going to try and help you out the best I can First I'm going to go go through the different kind of methods to get Practically let's encrypt certificates acquiring the certificates and give some like a configuration tips and I go through some kind of common pitfalls and things to things to take into account when using like a certain ways of automating this stuff so First the domain validation methods provided by Acne you most likely are somewhat Yeah, you most likely know know know about these already, so I'll just go through them pretty quickly so first one is HTTP Validation which pretty much practically means you just deploy a TXT file in your web route that the CA will well the CA will first resolve your a a a record or a record and to connect to that IP address and with the virtual host That you are requesting the certificate for and that tries to find the TXT file containing the validation token to be sure that you are actually controlling the Domain in question The next one is TLSS and I which is practically deploying a self-signed certificate with Validation token in an invalid like a virtual host the process goes the same way the CA will will first resolve your your IP address and connect to it and Read the certificate and try to find the validation token from it So hence validating your ownership of the domain The last one that let's encrypt supports or By ACME is DNS validation, which is pretty much just like deploying the TXT record to your To your DNS zone with like a magic sub magic subdomain underscore ACME ACME-challenge dot your actual domain dot TLE your TLE so First about HTTP validation I went through these things already so These are the like the main Things that you you should use that HTTP validation usually the clients Let's encrypt clients Usually help you to make the decision what you're actually what do you need to get the thing done in a way But if you're doing automation in like some kind of deployments in Environments that require like a ansible scripts or whatever like throwing stuff around While creating the environment so This is pretty robust because it because it's super simple The ACME Protocol itself it speaks Jason over is the TPS with All the messages signed by the by the account that you create first in via the similar Rest API So it does not go without problems, of course things to note Let's encrypt prefers IPv6. So this is really common problem people are facing When you're like a developers computer does not speak IPv6 They don't like a recognize that it has a broken a record in the zone because they never like a try to use the IPv6 themselves and This has caused like a lot of confusion because people are just not getting why the Validation fails every time even though they have the actual Actual validation file in the right place and accessible from public internet. So That's a really common problem. Let's encrypt switch to preferring IPv6. I think Maybe half a year ago. No, not that much three months. Maybe but so it has like Resolved it in in people like having Renewal like a configurations that they had like working certificates and Working validation process Prior to the change and when the let's encrypt started to prefer IPv6 addresses Yeah, they just found themselves with broken renewal and didn't know why Yeah, no other one next one is pretty like a No-brainer as well. You need to have the right access In your box to the actual like file system Directory to create the txt file and but this is because this is usually done by the clients Some error out in like a sane way telling there's no permissions and some like a fail less gracefully, let's say And The last one is HTTP d configuration weirdnesses There's a lot many HTTP d configurations are like a pretty complex and can or can get pretty complex over the years in a way so there's a common problem like a server having like a Virtual host block for example for for the domain you are actually serving but at the same time it's actually uses the defaults the host in and you well, of course you add the required stuff to the to the virtual host Virtual host file for the domain you are trying to acquire the certificate for But the server just serves the defaults be host anyway So TLS SNI the next validation method it requires web server on port for for three and It needs to be accessible right You will have to or the clients will have to create your private key and certificates and I Get the create the self-signed certificate with the validation token that web server after Of course needs to restart your web server in most cases to to the new configuration the validation configuration to get active and The it's it's invalid like a be host that the CA will connect to Or invalid be host that the CA will use as a host header when requesting your Or SNI header to request your Validation self-signed search certificates So yeah, and It's somewhat complicated for like a manual operation or or like a simple Simple optimization, so it's it's it's a really good method actually for the Validation because if it errors out you most likely have some you have identified some kind of other problem for example firewall blocking the board port for 43 which would like a result in broken configuration later on anyway, so You pretty much when you use it you will like a you will be sure that HTTPS will be working for your Be host common problems Same thing broken a record still applies to this one because the method is For the connection the method is the same as HTTP Firewall configuration. It's pretty like a often the case as well people have like a been running HTTP only site for Years and have blocked pretty much everything else and when they Figure out they want to start serving HTTPS. They just forget about Forget to open the port so it causes some some confusion as well. Then there's the DNS validation so It's a TXT recording your magic subdomain that's shown here and This is really versatile because you don't have to have like ports Open to your clients or your server where you are Requesting the certificate for so it's it pretty much requires It requires some kind of DNS server with an API that you can use for automation It's it's good for complex environments because yeah because of the removing of the like a Requirements of having the ports open and for example load balancers that are like there are a lot a lot of machines behind the load balancer and HTTP or TLS SNI challenges would be like a thrown to Random box behind box behind the load balancer. So the validation will fail like Most of the time that way And it's also going to be the requirement for the wild card certificates that let's encrypt It's starting to ship in January next year in a half year So the problems are yeah, no API. So you can't automate it made it pretty much But the second one is the more more like a serious one because you to actually like a Handle handle the automation in same way. You will have to store the API credentials on your box and That's usually results to your like a DNS Your DNS credentials to be all around like your infrastructure and Compromising one box would result in a complete loss of your whole zone, which is pretty bad because the malicious User could like or would most likely change the MX records and get all your mail as well For example there's I'll go yeah, I'll go through the solutions later, but yeah There are some pretty good integrations Caddy the most notable one. It's HTTPS per defaults has super simple Configuration so no not much technical knowledge needed in a way Then there's this upcoming project called Apache mod MD That will automate it in a sense as well you will have to add like a configuration parameter to your be host configuration for its work and and so on but It will handle the like a renewal and everything like that automatically be like a behind the scenes so It's going to be good. It's still not production ready note But it's like it's progressing quite fast. So it will be eventually And that's the actual like a that's that's the actual direction we want to head to We want to have the because the HDTPD in case of web serving web The HDTPD has all the keys for the actual like domain validation using ACMEI methods. So There's no reason to for the HDTPDs to not to do it. It's like a Yeah, but we're still in transition phase in a way and we need like other clients to to do the Certificate like a quiet requirements still But that's the way we want to head ahead too. There are some kind of problems with with HDTPD integrations of course because many like for example apache and Nginx they are working on a per event basis in a way So when a request comes in the server notices that certificate has expired. So I should renew it now It's the client is still waiting and if the renewal fails, I don't know what but That's the problem. It's not like a proactively looking into the they are not proactively looking into certificates and Seeing if they can do like this in advance in a way So there's a lot of let's include clients all around a listed few ACMEI SH is a client that's written in bash has really low dependencies, so it's pretty convenient to use in Deployments Certbots, that's a project I'm contributing to myself. It's a let's include plant by EFF and In addition to actually getting the certificate it's it if you want it will configure your HDTPD currently male servers in the future for you The point here is that it tries to remove them like a requirement of strong knowledge of TLS for For anyone anyone just like a jumping in the problem With like a manual configuration for users that are not familiar with all the options and all the pitfalls it's like, you know searching for HDTP the configuration for TLS and ending up to Stack overflow page from 2011 and getting a configuration in that's Burnable to pull attack or whatever. So broken cipher configurations, whatever so in that Like a sense the automatic configuration is good if you are if you do not know what to do pretty much There's ACMEI sharp I included because it's one of the more popular Windows clients the The others I think Lego. Oh, sorry. I skipped Lego. It's a really nice clients reading go it has like a pre-built binaries for Like a mini platforms it supports Windows as well. I think and then there's ACMEI sharp which is one of the more popular Windows clients and There's a list of of the like the rest Of the clients. There's lots. There's a lot of integrations. There's a lot of libraries written in Lego for example, it's it's it's it's not only a client. It's also a library that will handle the you can use in your Whatever implementations to actually automate the certificate stuff or till a stop there's Great pages by Mozilla about the configuration and The first one is focused more on the like the actual configuration the second one is focused on the like a decent Cypher suit configurations and so on so Check those out and something something's not to forget Of course certificate renewal. That's no-brainer You can't just like well some of the clients do install like cron jobs or system D timers and such especially when fetched from your operating system package repository and Some but some some don'ts. There's also some kind of if you if you're doing the renewal configuration manually many of the clients require some kind of or Make use of some kind of environment variables and something we have had some problems we have had with cert bot like previously where users making their own like a cron tab jobs and Missing the fact that the cron jobs don't have the environment variables available per even interactive session in a way So HSTS this is actually this is pretty important and this is one of the reasons why actual like Automatic configuration Is pretty good as well It's short for HTTP strict Transport security it's pretty much just an HTTP header that you add which tells the user agents usually browser in HTTPS It tells the user agent that you are not allowed to communicate with me the server in any other way than HTTPS, so it will like a force the client to to actually like a make HTTPS requests per defaults in the future and it has like a configurable cash time that That the order isn't in effect in a way so These well when people are migrating to HTTPS from HTTP these can actually Be a big cause for a site breakage because of course mixed content requests That are in in the page can cause some like a are that are hard-coded in page and for a reason or another Unaccessible other ways it will create some problems and it's pretty effective I know yeah, I wonder if you see it, but it's pretty effective But if it goes wrong it can be like a it can go horribly horribly wrong Which means that you just bricked your side for whatever Amounts of time that you you actually set the cash like a max age value to or it has the It has the option. Oh, it's really small. Can you see it? Yeah if you can I'm not sure if I can make it bigger, but The all the slides are available in the URL in the bottom So So, yeah, they include subdomains like a direct in there it does what it says it includes subdomains and if you just like like blindly you get get for example certificate and make the HTTPS configuration for your main domain and you include like because you're like a You want to do it, right? You include a HTTPS header that says include subdomains and you forgot that you're like Few other projects are like a subdomains to to this actual domain and And are running on for a reason or not or another running like a plain HTTP and The end user first visits your main domain and after that tries to use your whatever other service that was supposed to talk HTTP actually It will break it will. Yeah No, it's one oh Yeah, sorry One oh that I fire. Oh That's a good question. I don't know the answer to it, but okay Yeah, cool. There's also there's also Yeah, okay Yeah, sorry There's also HTTPS preload lists which Yeah, yeah, that's something that you can pretty much tell the browser vendors to include They include your domain to a preloaded list that doesn't actually need the header anymore Well, it does but so it's not like a trust on first first site in a way So lack of HTTPS Means that you're vulnerable to to a downgrade attacks. So pretty important So that's about it Now the rest of the time Let's talk about like what kind of problems are you having in deployment and try to solve them together that's the actual like Content of this workshop so the slides available at 1.0 dot fi slash TLS dash WS the slides contain all the hyperlinks so You're able to like a follow whatever way is needed for your infrastructure and I'm here to help and I think the others are here to here to help each other as well So let's have a like yeah discussion about the problems that The deployments are facing if any hopefully not not any words. Yeah Let's take the mic so we can get Hey Just a quick question because all I have is a couple of static websites on my server Do I still need to have HTTPS or it doesn't matter? Well, I think Well, you most likely are linking outside from your pages in a way. Yeah, so think about the scenario you are like Your subject of man in the middle attack and the attacker modifies your URLs from the page to point to malicious sites in a way that maybe Actually also look like the actual sites you your links are point point two could lead to like Bad things. Okay, so I should encrypt right? Yes everything. I will do that. Yeah, so Any other problems? Hi, thanks for your talk I'm just wondering about sites projects internally on a company or your side projects or stuff like that that are not exposed to the internet and we do renewals and certificates through reverse proxy and stuff like that, but is there another way to somehow Get new certificates without the primary domain be exposed to the internet Okay, so you have few options first like I think the simplest one but also kind of bad is to terminate the TLS on the like the well, not very varnish can't do it, but you know like put engine X or HA proxy in front of the varnish Terminate TLS and talk plain text in your internal network, but that's kind of bad You can like you can make it better by creating like like a using your self-sanced certificates with your own rule CA in the boxes So it you can like a use the it's a TPS in internal communication as well but the one actual Validation method that would work work in that scenario is the DNS because it doesn't require the actual like access There are some kind of hacks, of course you can like you can point the you can use HTTP challenge and Point the like all requests coming to dot Well dash known slash Akmei slash dash challenge URI you can all redirect them to a one box and like a Copy over the certificate and private key to the other ones, but that's up optimal, of course That's one way but Yeah, then again, you won't won't be able to use the varnish in the in the front in that case. So because it can't like Like a act on the actual like a traffic What it does Sorry I guess kind of helps if you're using like SNI proxy or something and now there is this IPv6 preference, so which wasn't there like three months ago when I tried it Like if you have hosts that you can connect with IPv6 and maybe do some access listing to allow only Let's encrypt or whatever and then you can bypass the actual SNI multiplexer With the on the IPv6 side and use use the SNI multiplexer for only IPv4 or something. Yeah, whatever is the Scenario Yeah, let's do this in like a discussion faction discussion fashion, so anyone with comments About the TLS so I'd like to Know what your recommendations will be for a local certificate authority if you have for instance a company which has lots of internal applications and you would like to encrypt them and You would have to set up a certificate authority and the actual machine that you used for all your to to generate certificates should be completely isolated and secure from and Should never ever get owned or that will horrible So what would your recommendation be on that because it's a lot of work and almost no company allows you Gives their there IT department, which is usually just one person or at least they're there on the staff They won't allow allow you the time to do it to do all scurrying and To do it do it properly. So what are your recommendations there? Okay, so Well, it's a complicated matter anyway, so you need some expertise to actually execute it like a well I'm not an expert in like a in this trade. So But anyway, my recommendations would be if you have like if you want really a robust system use Boulder, that's what that's the let's encrypt like a CA project and it's all open source so free and It's somewhat complicated though. So There's there's an if you if you are doing this in in a really small scale There's a much easier and quicker to get running CA software That's in the let's encrypt repo as well I can't remember the name, but it's it you can find it from utop.com slash Let's encrypt it's repo under under that account There's yeah, there's the simpler one There's these old like a behemoths. I can't remember the names, but there's this one. That's pretty much used in many large companies that's written Java and Yeah, there are options But I would use the Maybe the Boulder, which is the yeah, let's encrypt CA Server server code well That's awesome. Yeah, sure The the less we have questions that means more complete like and working TLS configurations you guys have so So for I for example when we have a project with Where we have a form which sends a lot of privacy data by post method. That's HTS Give us 100% confidence that nobody can sit in the middle between connection server and client and listen in here our data which is connect which is Moving between I mean does it give us 100% confidence that we are secure and nobody can use our data Yes, if you if you check well Yes, and no of course with the default configurations when you don't like a check for example the sort like the You don't pin the certificates in a way or a private key So in that case it could be any Certificate that's like that has been acquired for that domain. You are accessing so in that like in that way, no You can't but you're able to do the checks checks in the software that you're using so that would So you think that way shark is not a problem in this case when we are using for example When you have a simple website with post form and is sent up by JavaScript for example why shark is not a problem here I think No All right. Thank you. That's the main reason we actually need the HTTPS for Yeah, there are some like a really cool stuff coming like as a requirements for by CA slash browser form as well for example CAA Protocol which is pretty much its DNS record That's you can set to your domain that limits the CAs that are authorized to like to to sign a certificate for your domain You can limit them them for example if you don't trust Some CA or you trust just one you can you can like add it as a CAA header and all the Certificate authorities are required to to respect the CAA header starting Seventh of September this year I think so Is the CAA header somehow like signed or something or can they enforce that? Like that there has been that CAA header at some point. Can you kind of prove it retroactively? No, I don't think probably not anyway Okay, but yeah DNS second stuff like that. So Yeah, but of course you could back date stuff in that one. Yeah, you would need some notary. Yeah, thanks So cool, I think that's that concludes the workshop if we don't have any problem. Oh, we have Yes Yeah, it's on. Oh, it's on just one easy question when I have a Certificate normally I have it self-assigned So what is the the best and the cheapest way to get it? Let's say signed by some authority outside of my organization Your actual you have this one You have this one Private key that you want to create a certificate that's signed by a third party or Any you can just create a new one. I have a pair of public and private that you want to use It's my one for the server. Yes, and Normally it I do self-assign it and Of course, it's not the best way when someone else wants to access my server, of course He will pop up a screen when they say, okay, it's not secure Yeah, so so what is the best way in not to to pay too much for very sign or whatever? Let's encrypt you can use your own like a self-created keys by many clients At least sir, but I know for sure You're able to use like your What how that third pot what works do they need an authentication from my side? Yes, they do How well we had these different kinds of validation methods These are the ones that you have to pick one of Well, the most simplest one is of course the ACTP validation which is pretty much just placing a one file in your like a File system in the in the web root directory So the most of the clients do stuff like this. They automate it. For example, sir sir pot, which Yeah, so you can define sir what that put this one use this web root directory for validation and The the one one of the things you want to do this for our Because let's increase certificates are valid for 90 days. So it needs and needs needs automation. So it for the renewal Cycle but the renewal configuration is remembers your preference to use your like a own Key normally sir what sir what does it it creates a new new key pair for like every renewal actually So you get like a fresh key every time it gets renewed which is basically after 60 days Okay, thank you. Yeah, thanks one I thought it was like a lo-fi music. Yeah, I'm sorry. I Also had a problem with another like a short domain. I own it's a zero p dot fi You can give it to me. No, the problem is that there's this large bank slash insurance company in Finland called called op dot fi and I got some really obscure emails What's your main domain? Had to remove the mx3 chords, but because I don't want to have people what people's like personal stuff Did you vote the domain L early or no, how did you find it? The Finish like a registry. It's just like for the short. I just acquired few short domains because they're short But the OP Slash zero P is like a it's I can see why it's hard for people because the oh and zero are right next to it So other and look a bit alike Sorry, I contacted their security team about that. Yeah, so I really hope they they don't but I don't know Yeah, okay Thank you if you have some questions like a pop-up later on you you find my contact contact details in One oh dot fi the root sites. There are my contact details or Just like ask if we pass by in sharp or anywhere else in the future So thank you


Welcome to the Rich TV Live podcast. I'm your host Richard D'Souza and today we're going to look at the markets and show you what is happening, what is hot in the world of stocks and crypto. All right. First and foremost, the number one mover and shaker of the day, MDIA up 267%. Huge move, had a nice gap up and then huge move. The day traders jumped in on this and have killed it today. So congratulations to the day traders. Now this is my concern here, the RSI is sitting in a clear sell zone. So I wouldn't be very eager to be buying at these levels because we are literally sitting in a sell zone and you can see these are hourly candles. We had two big hourly candles and now we have a red candle forming here as we sit in the sell zone and you can clearly see it's struggling at these prices. And if you always want to learn where the price is, if you look at the bottom right of the screen, you'll see that's where the price is. And that is MDIA currently up 261% on the day. How about XXII? We've been talking about cannabis stocks that have been heating up here. Two big hourly candles and then a red one. Look at the RSI sitting at 80.23. So RSI sitting in a sell zone. So very, very difficult for me to be interested buying this right now, even though it's on a little dip because the RSI is too high for me. I want to buy in buy zones and sell in sell zones and we are in a sell zone right now. So this is a great time to be selling. Not a great time to be buying some of these coin stocks, actually. I don't like to buy in the green. I like to buy when they're down, buy in the red, sell in the green. Here's DXYZ up 81% of the day, a $60 stock. And look, you can see here gap up and then three hours in a row of green. So the day traders, market makers, insiders, shorters, institutions that are in on this are loving this today and it is hot DXYZ, Destiny Tech 100. CADL, another one that up 11% right now that has had huge green candles, now a red one forming as we are sitting in the sell zone on the RSI, sitting at 78. Anything over 70 is a clear sell zone in the RSI. This indicator, one of my favorite indicators tells me that this is a sell zone. So very difficult for me to want to buy it, despite the fact they're having a nice day. GCTS, up 57% on the day, huge move for them today. All right. So you can see here. This is what they've been doing today up 57% on the day. And if you look at the one year chart, you can see that they have made a big move just recently and they went over $40. So very volatile stock right now, GCTS currently up 57% of the day. All right. We've been talking about cannabis stocks. Here's Trueleaf Cannabis up 6% of the day. Nice move for them. I like them a lot. Here's Verano Holdings, they're up 6%. Most of these companies beat their earnings. So very bullish on both of them. And I think that could continue. Reddit, I was actually thinking about buying on the dip yesterday. They are climbing today up almost 3%. Reddit bouncing off the bottom yesterday. GTBIF, Green Thumb, another cannabis stock that is up today. Cannabis having a great week. Uber up in the green today and approaching that $80 zone. Meta just continues to go higher almost every single day. Sure money right now in Meta. Every day just printing money. Every dip seems like a buying opportunity. Meta just printing money over and over up 3.71%. Now up to $529. Absolutely unreal move for Meta. Amazon continues to go higher. This is good news if you're holding Amazon. I was holding Amazon last year, sold it. And now it just keeps grinding higher. Amazon too big to fail. And here is a gold play that we talked about yesterday and is now starting to climb Barrick Gold up almost 3%. Just over 3% right now. But you can see it's starting to make this move. And gold is really moving. And gold stocks are starting to follow. So definitely keep your eye on Barrick Gold, one of the best in-class stocks in the gold sector. NVIDIA seems to struggle when it gets to that $1,000 mark. We're back down to $800. So what do you want? Buy it at $882. Sell it at 1,000. I mean, this kind of seems like that's the trade for NVIDIA right now. ARM, an IPO that is an AI company that has done extremely well since the IPO. As you can see, it went from like $40 to 125. So it's been a huge winner. It's been a very, very good trade for anyone who's taken it because it is up hundreds of percent. So IPO this year and AI play and it has done extremely well. Here's Mara, a miner of Bitcoin. And I think that these are guys that you need to watch if you want to trade Bitcoin. I think there's huge upside here in Mara and I'm very interested in them. Here's the NASDAQ, big green day in the NASDAQ. So the NASDAQ 100 companies up big today. S&P 500 also up big today. So people, institutions are buying the dip today. Huge move in the Dow Jones after dropping big, coming right back the very next day and institutions and high net worth investors, investors in general, retail investors all buying the dip Apple at $170 in the green today, Ethereum slightly red, Coinbase on the dip, slightly red after a huge run. And I did sell and take profits on my Coinbase. I trade that I did extremely well on. Here's GBTC, Bitcoin ETF that I love and they're taking a little bit of a dip today. And IBIT, the BlackRock Bitcoin ETF, also taking a dip today, Bitcoin slightly in the red. So they're following Bitcoin right now, ETHG, the Ethereum, I believe soon to be ETF having a nice dip and I'm looking to buy them and they keep dipping. So they're right at this area where I've been thinking about buying. And so I'm really interested in ETHG. So I may take a position very, very soon. Doge down 2%. And I said, I love to buy assets in the red. So today's the day I'm shopping. You know, I'm thinking about buying some stuff. Here's Tesla down 2% at $167 and Solana down 4% at 175. So these could be good dip buy opportunities in crypto as Bitcoin's getting very close to the Bitcoin having. And then this is the Trump media technology IPO that had a huge week. And now it is selling off. So will this dip be a buying opportunity? This is a very interesting trade idea. And they pretty much just did their IPO with a new name change and made a huge move here and then came down. And if there's any big positive Trump news, I would assume that DJT will explode. And this is a great way to play Trump, play the elections, DJT, Trump media and technology group, which is essentially Trump's social media platform, which is currently at $42 down 8% of the day. And this could be an interesting dip buy opportunity right now because it seems like it sells off at 70. It's been there a few times and it seems to wanna bounce off these levels around that $40 mark. It's done it multiple times and it's rejected multiple times off of this area as you could see here. So could be an interesting trade between 40 and 50 and on big, big news and big excitement could see this go to 70, 80, 100. So very interesting trade in my opinion, DJT, put it on your radar and put on your watches. Wow, MDIA now at 200, 300% unbelievable, 300% move now for MDIA despite the fact that the RSI is clearly in a cell zone sitting at 93, like in a clear cell zone but this just shows me it's Friday, people are dying for a winner, market makers, institutions, day traders, they're all jumping in right now. And this is the flavor of the day. You know, there isn't really any reason why this is going up in my opinion. I don't feel like there's any crazy news there might be but I don't see any crazy news to make this move. I feel like this is just the flavor of the day. This is the pick that they chose that they were going to run today and that's exactly what it's doing. So this is how you got to trade the market, right? This is the market we're in. This is how you got to trade the market. And right now people are just starving to make money and they'll do almost anything. And I've been in a lot of groups where they're chasing these types of trades. Some days it works and some days it doesn't. Today, if you bought MDIA, you're up big. I mean, this thing opened at $2. It's now at $5.76. So it had a nice gap up and now it's gone up even another 100, 150% since it opened up this morning. So huge, huge move for MDIA, the biggest mover of the day. And look, now it's selling back down. We were up 300%. Now we're down to 265%. So imagine had you bought this at almost $6. Now we're down to five bucks. Now we're under $5, just like that. So it's very volatile. As you can see, extremely volatile. And if you chase this green and you buy it at the top, it's literally suicide because the RSI is saying that we're sitting in a sell zone. But stock market is a war of supply versus demand. If there's more buying than selling, the price will go up. That's just the way it goes. A lot of times there is stock sitting on the sideline waiting to sell. Sometimes they're not. And this is a Friday. It could be a sneak attack. Maybe people don't even know. A lot of people aren't paying attention. People are away at their cottages on vacation. They're probably not even looking at this stock right now. And that's probably another reason why it's up 268% because they're not able to sell because they're not in a position to sell. They're not in front of their desks because it's a Friday. It's almost like a sneak attack. And that's the type of thing that happens on Fridays in the summertime, in the markets, when the market is volatile or the market looks like it's slow. Sometimes there will be one trade or two trades that go berserk. And there's an opportunity to be making money. So we will be watching the market every single day, every step of the way. And today, MDIA, the big mover of the day. There's no doubt about that. These are daily candles. Let's go and let's switch it over to the one minute. So you can see the price action here on the day. So you can see how this is just kind of went. They gave the buy signal here and they just started to shoot.  And you can see a lot of blue buy signals today. That means a lot of buying coming in today. That could be people that are short of the stock, that are covering their shorts, driving the price higher.  And then a combination of that plus retail investors just jumping on, looking for something to make money on. And today it's MDIA, currently at 271%. You know, XXIA, XXII had a nice move up but they're starting to come back down. So it wasn't much to chase there. DXYZ up 45%. GCTS up 50%. And CADL up 24%. So those are the big movers and shakers of the day right now in order. And then cannabis stocks in play. V-R-N-O-F, they just beat earnings, they're up 6%. TCNNF, they beat earnings, they're up 6%. So there's a trend here. Good quality companies in this market right now that are beating earnings are going higher. And I think that's a great way for the market to move. And for an investor, it almost becomes predictable. So this is a great time to make money in the markets. And we're gonna be here every single day, every step of the way, looking for opportunities. These are the stocks that we're looking at. If there's anything you think I should be looking at, please put it in the chat, message me. If you like these videos, smash the like button, comment down below, share the video everywhere and subscribe wherever you're watching. We are live on many different devices right now. Here's gold, bear gold, we're about to go to $18. Gold is doing extremely well. So you need to look for gold stocks and bear gold is one that is doing extremely well. So they're definitely on my radar. Meta, formerly Facebook, having another monster day. And if you look at the one year chart, you can see they've done extremely well. Going from like $80 not too long ago to now $528. An absolute juggernaut. Amazon just continues to grind higher. They're gonna be at $200 soon. Nvidia at $881, they're in the green. ARM, an IPO that has done extremely well. That is in the AI space. Mara, a Bitcoin miner that has been well over $50 in the past and we're at $18. I think there's opportunity here. And the NASDAQ, big green day for the NASDAQ, big green day for the S&P 500, and big green day for the Dow Jones. The energy sector is also at all time highs. And Uber was just given a price target of $100. There's a $100 price target that was given by an institution to Uber today. So that is something to watch. Keep your eyes on Uber with a nice price target. Apple at 170, I think this is a good dip by opportunity for Apple. I actually been looking at this and I might take a position here. Just think this is a quality company that hasn't been reporting well and that will be the opportunity.  I love Bitcoin on a beautiful trend up and I own Bitcoin full disclosure and I've been telling everyone for years now, since 2017 when it was at $1,000. Today it's at $67,986 that you need to own some Bitcoin and it's done, I don't know what, a 67X? Not bad. Here's Ethereum, ETF, soon to be ETF that I'm really interested in buying ETHE. The lowest I've seen it in quite some time since February. So definitely interesting position here that I wanna get in ETHE Coinbase. Having a little dip, I did sell my Coinbase. Doge on a little bit of a dip, Doge has had a nice run. Tesla, I think this is a good price for Tesla. Interesting buy opportunity here at Tesla. Solana, 175, I like the buy opportunity here on Solana. And the Trump stock for his social media platform down 8%. And I think this could be a good buy opportunity. I think there'll be a good gap up opportunity here. Obviously, depending on what kind of news we have for Trump, we could see some huge volatility on this stock which I will definitely be looking to trade. And you could see the RSI sitting right in a good in the 50 zone, which is right between the buy and the sell zone, kind of in the middle. So we have a lot of room to go up here, but we can also go down. If this goes down lower and gets into that like 30 zone or lower, I would definitely be looking to take a buy on Trump media. DGT, DJT. What else am I looking to buy here? Let's see if the RSI, see the RSI looks pretty decent on Mara 2 at 47. Let's see, that looks interesting to me. Let's see, what's ETHEs RSI at? So the RSI on ETHE on the daily is in a good buy zone in the 44 zone. So for me, this is becoming a very interesting buy for me. Very interested in this. And like I said, I'll be looking to take a position soon with Bitcoin halving coming. I think that could be a huge catalyst to take it higher. So IBIT as well. I'm thinking about taking a position at IBIT and ETHE. And if you'd like to join our community and see what I'm doing and follow my trade ideas, you can go to richtv.io, an ecosystem built by investors for investors. Love to have you join us there and absolutely free learn about stocks, crypto, news, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And we're always working with our web guys to update the website and add more to the website. So we'd love to have you guys be there and join us. All right. This is IBIT. This is the BlackRock Bitcoin ETF. I'm a big, big fan of IBIT. And I really feel like there's an opportunity here on this dip where we can make some big money on IBIT. So definitely one to put on your, one of my most interesting opinions. I'm watching it very, very closely. And like I said, Bitcoin is having in two weeks, that'll be a massive, massive catalyst for Bitcoin. Historically, it's always been a big catalyst for Bitcoin. So there will be a trade here very soon on some of these Bitcoin related assets like IBIT and ETHE that I'm looking at. And I'll be looking to make a trade very, very soon on both of them. I just want to get them as cheap as possible. And I think there's a chance that Bitcoin could go lower. They could also go higher from here. So very risky to miss out on these trades, but I don't want to get in too soon and have them go lower, that's for sure. But I think there will be an opportunity to make some good money in a short period of time. Riding Bitcoin and riding Ethereum as Bitcoin is about to do its Bitcoin having, which is always a huge catalyst and always taking Bitcoin higher. So that's about literally 15 days away right now. So we're looking at having the Bitcoin having around April 20th, right on 420. So this is going to be a huge catalyst in my opinion for anything Bitcoin related. And that's why we look at so many Bitcoin related assets like GBTC and IBIT and ETHE and Coinbase. All four of these stocks are stocks that you can buy if you think that Bitcoin and Ethereum are going to go higher, you can literally buy these stocks and they track the price of Bitcoin and Ethereum. And if the price of Bitcoin and Ethereum go higher, you have a chance to make money. If the price of Bitcoin and Ethereum go lower, you have a chance to lose money, but they've been great trade so far. And I'm really looking personally at ETHE and IBIT. Those are two that I personally want to get in, but I want to get in as cheap as possible. And ETHE is the lowest I've seen since February. So I think this is a pretty good time to buy. And IBIT, it's been a little lower. So I'm not in a rush to buy it, but I also feel like Bitcoin could go a lot higher here pretty soon. And if we can hold these levels, I believe after the Bitcoin halving, we're going to see Bitcoin go much higher. So I haven't bought these yet, but I'm really thinking about it. And I got my eye on them and I'm watching them very, very closely. All right, this is our website. We'd love to have you guys join us at richtv.io. Really simple, it's just richtv.io. And you can see here, we navigate the markets together, conquer market labyrinths, savvy insights, and dynamic chats. We track all the top assets in the world in the world of stock and crypto. We got all our feature videos from our travels in Thailand and Bali and Malaysia, all the stock videos we do on a daily basis and crypto videos and sports videos and breaking news and training topics. We also collaborate with the Market Herald and Stock House and we unleash market potential with key features like personalized watch lists, expert top picks, real-time market alerts, interactive live trainings, in-depth technical analysis and vibrant group chats. We also track our top 10 stocks every month and top 10 crypto every month. So you can join us and see our picks there as well, which I've done extremely well and we have lots of different information and how-to guides on richtv.io. Love to have you join us and sign up for our free newsletter. And once again, just to go back to the markets, let's just quickly go back to the markets. Really appreciate all of you guys that are here today. Happy Friday, I hope you have a great weekend everyone. Once again, MDIA, now up 262% on the day. RSI seems like it's a little bit high for me. This is the daily chart. You can see there's been a lot of buying that's come into MDIA today. XXII up 94%, so it's been up and down, but having a big day today. DXYZ up 60%, GCTS up 45%, CADL up 29%.  TCNNF also beat earnings there up 6% today. Uber was just given a $100 price target and they're up 4% today. So that's the mover on Uber. Reddit having a nice day today, they're up 4% today.  Barrett Gold, Gold at all time highs and Barrett Gold, one of the best in class in the gold sector. They're up 2.88%. GTVIF, one of the best in class cannabis plays. They're up 2.89%. NVIDIA, best in class in chip makers and AI. They're up 2% today. ARM, IPO, AI play up 2% today. MARA, one of the top Bitcoin miners. BlackRock owns MARA, okay? They are buying MARA, so keep your eye on MARA. I think they're gonna blow at some point here. MARA, here's the NASDAQ, big green day today, up 1.5%, S&P 500, 1.2%. Huge move for both of them today. Big, big moves for them today and then the Dow Jones, big green day today as well. Up 382 basis points. Apple at 170. I think this is a good buy zone. Ethereum, I think we're gonna see Ethereum go much higher and GBTC, the Bitcoin ETF, grayscale down slightly. I think this will be a buying opportunity. IBIT also in the red. I think this will be a buying opportunity and then Bitcoin just two weeks away from their having, I believe if we can stay at these levels, we're gonna see it go much, much higher. I've been talking about 100,000. I feel like we're gonna see 100,000 this year. So stay tuned. We'll keep you updated on everything as it happens and then ETHE, the Ethereum, I believe soon to be ETF, grayscale play. I think there's a huge upside for them. Coinbase, I just sold my Coinbase to 253. They're dipping. I wouldn't mind getting in for another run on a dip, but I need a bigger dip. Tesla, I think this is a great dip buy opportunity in my opinion. Doge, dip buy opportunity. Solana, dip buy opportunity. And then Donald Trump's media company down 8%. Dip buy opportunity in my opinion. So those are the ones that I'm watching in my watch list. I consolidate the whole market into about 30 trade ideas that I look at every day and then I'm looking myself to buy or sell some of these. But it's risky. We're going into the market on the weekend. It's Friday. A lot of times weird things can happen over the weekend and the market could be down on Monday or up on Monday. So it's really, really risky. So I'm probably gonna sit on the sidelines and just be patient. I wanna buy everything as low as humanly possible when I do make a trade. Try to stay patient. And I always try to buy in the red. And the ones I'm looking at are the ones in the red today. So the ones I'm really interested in, like I've been saying are IBIT and ETHG. But there's always a chance you know, Bitcoin's doing quite well, 67,800. Bitcoin could go either way from here. We could see it go lower or it could go higher. So it's really difficult. I mean, if I look at the daily chart, look at the hourly chart, Bitcoin's kind of sitting in the middle. We got room to go up or down. And if we look at the daily chart, I wanna see a signal that we're down. And the daily chart shows me that we could go either way because the RSI is sitting at about 54, which tells me we're still high. So realistically, Monday Bitcoin could be down, right? Or it could be up. If it's up, ETHE, Ethereum and IBIT Bitcoin will be up. If Bitcoin goes down on Monday over the weekend and is down from these prices as at 65 or 62, then IBIT will be lower and ETHE will be lower and it will create even better buying opportunity. So I don't know what it's gonna do. It's very difficult to tell. So buying today is risky. But I do like ETHG a lot because when I look at this chart, it tells me it's the lowest it's been since about February. And that's interesting to me because I think with the Bitcoin ETF happening and Ethereum ETF potentially happening, we could see this go way higher to maybe even 40 bucks. And if I got into 23 and this went to 40, I'd be very, very happy, very happy. And it could happen quickly with the Bitcoin halving coming in two weeks. So definitely gonna be looking to make a trade here on ETHG and we'll let you guys know. All you gotta do is keep watching. Thank you guys for watching. Thank you guys for being here. Have a great weekend. Happy Friday. I'm your boy, Rich from Rich TV. If you're not winning, you're probably not watching. We bring the winners, CEO interviews, breaking news, trending topics, and we bring it to you first. It's one of my best trade ideas right here, ETHG. And I'm actually thinking about getting in myself. Love to know what you guys think or any of you guys thinking about getting in. If so, please put it in the chat. Love to hear from you and love to know what you guys are thinking. All right, have a great day everybody. I'm going to go enjoy my weekend. I hope you do too and we'll see you guys next week. Peace.


Now the Pugina's people of Biafra are my assistant itself, from Saturday's burning of the house of President General of the Orhanese and Debo, Judge Obyoso. The group in a statement by its media and public publicity secretary Emma Powerful described the act as barbaric, shimful and disgraceful, vowed to unmask those behind the attack. It regretted that the Orhanese president had done nothing to deserve such a deathless attack alleging that the perpetrators were those against Biafra's liberation and release of its leader, Masi Namdi Kano.


When you add a cosine wave and a sine wave with different amplitudes but the same frequency together, you get a sinusoid with the same frequency but a different amplitude and phase. You've probably learned this at school as the identity A times the cosine of x plus B times the sine of x equals C times the cosine of x minus alpha. The amplitude of the new wave C is the Pythagorean combination of A and B, and the phase shift alpha is the inverse tangent of B divided by A. This little identity is very powerful because it means that by simply modifying the amplitudes of locally generated cosine and sine waves, it can be used to transmit data via radio waves using phase or frequency modulation. Alternatively, by multiplying a signal by locally generated cosine and sine waves at many different frequencies, the properties of that signal can be analyzed using the Fourier transform.


Which way do you push your router when you're using an edge guide or some sort of a track? Well, I would workers Paul Carlson here a small workshop guide We have another video where we talked about using a roundover bit or any kind of a bit that has a roller on it That is designed to follow along the edge of a workpiece We've talked about how to soften the edges on some saw horses where there were lots of different edges That had to be kind of cambered with a roundover bit And so there was a specific way that you wanted to push That router on each of those edges either right to left or left to right depending on the situation This video we're gonna take it further and talk about which way do you push the router when you have an edge guide and Which way do you push the router if you're using a track? First it would be good to understand which way would the router bit like to go on its own In other words if I have this plunge router here with a straight bit in it And if I dropped it down into this workpiece right here Where would it want to go would it want to go off? To the left from from this forward position where I'm pushing it or would it want to go off to the right? So you need to know which way it would want to go now the bit is turning clockwise And so as it engages in the wood here, it would like to go to the left It would like to pull itself in this in this direction not this direction And so I want to use that to my advantage I want the router to want to go against that rail and then stay on that rail If I turned around and push it the other way This direction Then it's gonna want to move from its right to its left and it's gonna want to move away from that rail I can do that, but I have to really push hard to make sure I stay against that rail at all times It's much better to push in the direction where the router helps you stay against that rail When you're using an edge guide put it on the right hand side or think about which way the router wants to go and Set up the edge guide so when it goes that direction it snugs up against the edge So do me a favor if you like any of the videos that I produce then give me a like on that video Make sure you're subscribed to my channel. Make sure you hit the notification bell or you'll never know when I produce a video and Leave a comment. I would really appreciate that and if you feel so generous as to be a patreon I would love that as well small workshop guy signing off


Catherine Maroney comes to us from Pasadena, where she works at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. And she's been working there for the last 23 years, which I think, if it had been all Python back then, would be somewhere around Python 1.3 on the Terra Earth observation satellite. When she's not busy implementing climate observation algorithms, she enjoys more photography, which presumably of this time thinks that you can see without being in a polar orbit, and traveling. Catherine's here to tell us about how we can combine multiple languages, this case Python C and Fortran, to get both fast development iteration and fast code execution. Which sounds very much to me like having your cake and eating it too, so I'm really excited to hear about this. Please give her a warm welcome. Yes, well, well, yeah, as well. First off, I would like to say that I'm sorry to the people who are doing the live captioning because my stutter is going to play holy hell with it. And I'm also hoping that all of the tributes that I've been paying to the gods of fermented grains pay off. So, my talk today is basically doing massive large scale umber crunching, where I use both Fortran and C in order to fill in the gaps where Python itself simply cannot handle things. If you have to do lots of nested loops in Python, you should be streaming some very good television shows at the same time. Because it's going to be very, very slow. And some of the big scientific libraries out there happen to have C interfaces only. What we do for my satellite is that the top layer and middle layers are all in Python. And we breakly compiled all the stuff down into the smallest possible boxes. And then into the Fortran as needed. Run just that very small subroutine and then pop back up to really Python. And what makes it work is that you can pass. No, I'm pie. Pass it down into the Fortran and do all of the necessary calculations and then bounce back straight up to Python. Python is a fabulous language. It will be very slow. And even though C is still the gold standard, trying to do Malik and then work is multi-dimensional. And when I'm talking about Fortran, this is not the old school Fortran 77. This is Fortran 95. This is Fortran 2003. Fortran has the dynamic memory and the data structures. So what you do is that you write as much as the top layer and middle layer stuff using pure Python as much as you possibly can. And then break the Fortran and C stuff down into the smallest possible boxes. That way, most of the code is Python. So I get the advantages of the compact code and the beautiful in text as I can. So what I've done is to make it work. To make a pure Python wrapper around the very low level C interface to the HDF libraries. And you declare the function signatures in your PXD file. It's basically the standard C. And then you write a higher level function call. That wraps all of the individual C functions. And you put that in your PYX file. And then there's the function signature. These are the individual function calls and so on and so forth. And then you create the final class in pure Python. And the final, all of the top level functions and the end result. Happens to be pure Python just like this. And then you create the file. And then pass that straight down to the lowest level C. And writing the same code in straight C would be a good maybe 50 lines of code. But with the high level wrapper, instead of being 50 lines of code, it's now a very compact very, very easy to read five lines. And you can put it into the setup file or compile it from the mandoline. And the second example, like, for example, doing a weighted median filtering in Python on, if you did the, it's in straight Python on, you'd better be streaming Game of Thrones. Because this would be achingly slow. So what you do is that you take that smallest possible box, write a pure, pure, pure four trans subroutine, and then create an object file using F2Py. Then import hot, hot, hot, into your Python code. And then the calling process in between the C and Fortran happens to be absolutely transparent. So the trickiest part is that the Python and Fortran function signatures need to match up exactly. So what I always do is to get the function signature coded up. And test it piece by piece. And unsatzz working in the actual function coding itself, it happens to be absolutely straightforward. So what you do here is that you, as in the various arrays, using the following method, the shape of the out array comes first. And then the input arrays in order. And then the shapes of those arrays in order. And this little unit test passes. So I know that my function signature is now working. And then adding the actual Fortran guts happens to be very straightforward. So if Fortran and function signature happens to be here, the guts of the Fortran happens to be here. And then what you do is that you compile it from the command line using F2Py, and namely the shared object file Fortran.  And then you just say, my result happens to be Fortran. And the name of the function is test4. And this then passes the... passes the NumPy arrays into Fortran, reads them, writes to them. And from the point of the top level Python, it is completely transparent. And you can include this into your setup file also. And that's it. Thank you. Thank you very much, Catherine.


Hi everyone and welcome back to the vlog. As always, a massive thank you for tuning in and following this journey and for taking the time out to come and sit and watch these vlogs. So thank you so, so much to everyone. And today's vlog is all about the dreaded oski. So where I studied at Birmingham City University, I only had one oski in our first year. I was very, very fortunate. So I can give you all of the tips and advice I can about oskies and what we did at Birmingham City University. But your university and wherever you are might do something slightly different, but hopefully I'm going to give you some good tips to help you cope in your oski as well as just doing a run through. So our oski came in two parts. The first part was a 20-minute anatomy and physiology exam. I think it was about 10 questions I think it was. It was probably about three years ago now that we did that so my memory is not there. But I think it was about 10 questions and we had four papers that we could get given and we didn't know which we would be given on the day so we had to revise all of it basically. But the choice was the skin and then I think we had respiratory, cardiology and the renal system I think were the four that we had. I was very, very fortunate to get skin because it was, I'm not going to lie, the easiest exam out of all of them. So I was very fortunate that I got the easier. Well, the exam that I found the easiest was the skin over all the other ones. So I was very fortunate that I got that one. I'm not saying it was the easier exam but it's just the one that I found the easiest, personal judgment. Someone else might have found respiratory a lot easier, someone else might have found cardiology or renal a lot easier but skin was my thing back then at the very first started off so I was chuffed when I opened that paper.  There was nothing really too tricky I think in that exam so I was very fortunate that I passed. The second part of the osce was the actual physical osce. So for our one we had to do a set of observations on a patient.  So I had to go in, I had to pretend I was on placement for example, I was out there on a ward and I would go in and I would do the blood pressure, the temperature, the pulse check and the respiratory rate on my patient making sure they're comfortable, making sure I explained all of the ranges as well of each and what I would do if these were out or abnormal. And luckily I managed to just set my mind to write this is a real life situation rather than an exam and I actually was quite calm throughout my osce because I don't know how I did it, don't ask me how but I managed to just put myself in that place. I'm on a ward, this is my patient and I'm going to be professional and this is what I'm going to do and it just I don't know how but it worked so if you can get yourself into that frame of mind don't think of it as an exam that is the biggest tip I can give you.  And that was pretty much it for our osce, that's all we had. I know some people do like a speaking exam so you'll have the examiner asking you questions and you've got to respond and talk through the processes of the body, things like that and that to be in physiology stuff. Luckily we didn't have that, thank god. But it and again it depends which field of nurse and you're in because they all do something different as well.  So very very different to what I did as a student so it's really important to know what you're going to be doing where you're at. But at the university ours was it was pretty straightforward, it wasn't too hard at all, it was just people would just get nervous because they knew it was an exam more than anything. Lastly on a last little note I'm going to do a very quick brief run through of how I did my oski exactly step for step and what I did so that you know what I did that might help you out. Step one, I walked into the room and I said hello my name is Claire, I am a student nurse here, do you mind if I do your observations which includes blood pressure, pulse check, temperature and respiratory rate check, is that okay with you? Yes, one I've introduced myself, two I've explained the procedure and what I'm going to do step by step to them, three I've gained that verbal consent. Next on the list you're going to say okay Mr, let's just say Kevin Smith, hello Kevin Smith, do you have a preferred name that you'd like to be called and they will say yes actually just call me Kevin, I say thank you that's perfect and then you've then gained your next step which is getting your patient's preferred name. Next you want to do your first bit of observation, so for me I always did the blood pressure first, I don't know why but it was just my go-to thing so I explained that to the patient, I got all my equipment, I clean all the equipment down so I know it's cleaned and it's there, infection control is your next hit on the thing so then I would say to the patient okay I'm going to do your manual blood pressure now, I would do the manual blood pressure and then I would give the readings and I would say okay your blood pressure today is 130 over 70 and that is the perfect range because your systolic should be between 100 and 140 and your diastolic should be anywhere between 60 and 90 so this is in the perfect range and then if you've got a good examiner they will respond to you and they'll be very nice but oh okay thank you for that information that's great clear let's get on with the next bit and yeah so then I would go and I would check the pulse whilst I'm checking the pulse say to the patient okay Kevin I'm now just going to go and check your pulse is that okay with you yeah thank you and I say to them I'm going to check it for two minutes if that's okay with you and they'll say yeah fantastic so then I will check the pulse for one minute and I'll measure the pulse and then for the second minute I will count the respiratory rate and we do that because you don't want to tell the patient that you're counting the respiratory rate because they will breathe irregularly and you'll be they'll be like this because they're focusing on their breathing because they're thinking that you're watching their breathing if that makes sense so we will always talk tell them you're going to check their pulse for two minutes first minute you do the pulse second minute you do the respiratory rate and then once you have done that so I explain to my patient I say I'm really sorry I know that took two minutes but actually I had to do the respiratory rate on top of your pulse rate because if I explain to you that I was going to do your respiratory rate it might affect the reading so we tell you that we're going to do the pulse rate but actually I did the pulse and then the respiratory rate afterwards I hope that's okay and then the patient will say yes that's fine beautiful thank you and then I will say okay that's great so your pulse rate was 78 and that's perfect because it's in the normal range of between 60 and 100 that's the average range that we look for yours is 78 so that's great and your respiratory rate was 14 today so that's great because the ranges but the respiratory rate is between 12 and 20 per minute so that's a great range for you as well so then I will do the temperature I will make sure I clean it all off I've put a fresh clean cover on it I would tell the patient what you're going to do okay I'm going to do temperature now and then I would pull back the ear make sure there's no hearing aids in the ear ask the patient do they wear hearing aids no that's fine let's go pull the ear back put the thermometer press the button check it out okay yep your temperature is 37 that is perfect because the average range is 36.5 to 37.5 fantastic and then I just end it with okay I've now finished all of your observations they are all in range however if any one of these were out of range then I would have to report it back to my mentor and just get them to look into this a bit further and is that okay and do you need anything else from me can I get you anything else patient will say no that's fine thank you and off you go and just on a final little bit always make sure that you've documented everything on your news to chart correctly that's the last thing that we were assessed on as well was they go through your news chart and make sure you've put those ranges in there that all in range you've put everything in the right boxes you haven't got anything wrong and job done so my top tips for surviving your oski know what you're doing for a start make sure you're practicing practicing practicing practice with your family your friends covid safe of course we are in a pandemic but just keep practicing practice on your dogs your cats whatever but just do if the more you run through it every single day or every month for every two weeks leading up to your exam however you want to do it um the more you practice the more comfortable and confident you will feel and this is exactly what I did I literally just practiced whenever I could I made sure my manual blood pressure was on point so just I knew that I was going to be confident on the day because I practiced it so much I had nothing to do I was just there I was like yeah okay here we go and it just it really does make a big difference the more you practice honestly guys and next like I said just make sure you you try and think of it like a real life situation I know is almost impossible because it's not a real life situation it is an exam room and they're not your patients but you have to really set your mind on right this is what I do on placement I'm going to treat this as a placement and just get through it that way because if you can set your mind like that honestly it really helps the nerves and you just fly through it and you're just like yeah okay it's done and then you worry about it afterwards it's honestly it's the best thing that I managed to do and I still have no idea how I did it so if you really suffer with anxiety around exams and things like that find your way of relaxing and calming yourself before you go into that exam so some things like breathing techniques are really really good and helpful I saw this one on tiktok actually where someone said that if you get really really anxious if you hold a bottle of water and throw that bottle of water from side to side let me find something it's not a bottle of water but it's but if you do this and you just concentrate on that apparently that process of doing that really helps calm your mind and relieve that anxiety and it's because of the imbalance in the mind of the two different sides so if you're doing that it helps to balance it out I don't know if this works I have not tried this yet but you know what it's free and easy so if it works amazing one thing I did use though I used to do a lot of meditation actually because I found that this just really helped me settle as well as the breathing techniques and I also used pulse point rollers which I still have so I have these ones mind clear there's another one for stress that I've got on the side as well stress and anxiety specifically also lavender lavender oil on your pulse points just put it here here here you might smell like lavender for the rest of the day but it does help me or it does it helps me anyway hopefully it'll help you too and there is some research behind it as well so it is good um but it just helps to just have that sense of calm feeling and I used to I used to use them actually a lot when I went to the dentist because I hate the dentist and I get so anxious so that is one place I do use them as well as exams and assessments it just works for me it might not be but it's about finding what works for you and do more of that so whatever helps you to calm those nerves and release that anxiety do more of that and lastly oskies are also more about you and the way you present and your communication skills as well with that patient is how you are how you are as a student nurse and going out into the placement area so if you can try and be as professional as possible make sure your uniforms clean hairs up no earrings look the part because I know for us we got mocked down for uniforms and things like body language and communication so just make sure you've got those perfected before you go into that room as well if you're nervous then you're nervous don't worry about it they're going to expect nerves but just make sure that you look the part and you come across as a little bit more confident than you might feel and also it's about being safe as well so if you find a situation where if you're doing a set of ops like I had to do for example and you literally cannot hear the pulse for the blood pressure you can't hear anything you're really struggling that's okay because sometimes you just can't sometimes you do get that with patients and it's just impossible and you have to get someone else to do it so as long as you just stop and say and be open and honest with the examiners and just say I'm really really sorry I'm not getting anything here I can't hear anything and then explain what you would do in that situation out on placement to show that you're safe and competent at doing that that's okay so as long as you say something along the lines I'm really sorry I can't get this pulse right now I don't know what's happened I've tried both arms I can't hear anything I can't feel anything if this was me out in placement then I would go and get another nurse or my mentor to come and check it out for me um then that's it though they just want to show that you have got things in place for when things aren't quite right or things are going wrong that you are safe and competent at doing that as well so it's all about best practice and looking after your patient at the end of the day and these things happen like I said so don't worry about it don't stress about it don't get so overwhelmed and have a breakdown about it because it's okay and that's perfectly fine to do that so for the anatomy and physiology section I have done a whole vlog about revision techniques and how to help you remember for the exam so I'm going to put the link below go and have a look at that if you haven't already that'll really hopefully help you when you're trying to revise these things for your oscces as well it can be really useful I know that all these tips helped me so I'm hoping fingers crossed they help you but again it's about you as an individual and how you learn and how you remember stuff that's the best way for you me telling you anything like do this or do that it might not work for you so it's about finding out about yourself and what helps you remember at the end of the day and do more of that so I hope that was really really helpful for you I hope that you've got something out of that just a little talk through of the oscce and what happens um that's literally how I did mine you just think of it step by step make sure you're gaining consent introducing yourself health and safety infection control everything's going to go perfect don't sweat it and on that note I'm going to say goodbye everyone and I shall see you next time have an amazing Christmas it's Christmas next week guys I hope that you're all going to stay safe and hope you can have some sort of enjoyment over Christmas with the lockdown restrictions and everything but for now it's a goodbye from me and I shall see you all next time


Hello! This in-class meeting focuses on the transcription of received pronunciation and requires that students understand, first of all, what phonemes are and secondly, how phonetic transcription works. If students do not feel confident in any of these areas, we recommend to visit the respective e-learning units on the Virtual Linguistics Campus. Here they are, phoneme and phonetic transcription, or to consult our e-lectures in this YouTube channel. Now, in particular the e-lectures about the phoneme and phonetic transcription. This background knowledge is necessary for the goals of this in-class meeting. The particular prerequisite for this in-class meeting is that students have worked through the unit the transcription of received pronunciation, including the e-lecture English in England in accordance with our inverted classroom model. As a starting point for this particular in-class meeting, I suggest to clarify the terminology that is used to define the standard pronunciation of the English language in England, the heartland of the English language. In doing this, I will be supported by a first term student of our seminar, Anina Eichmann. Hi, Anina. And Anina will, first of all, discuss with me the central definition. So, Anina, in defining this standard of the pronunciation of English in England, what sort of terms have you come across? Well, I've come across the term British English. Okay. Can you write it down and abbreviate English by a capital E? So British English is a term that is often used. Anything else? Yes, that's Oxford English and Queen's English. Okay. Now, while Anina is writing down these terms, let me say something about it. British English is a head term for the reference variety that we use in teaching and learning English. However, it mainly refers to the standards in orthography, in the syntax, in the anthropology, and in the vocabulary of English. So it is a head term rather than a term used for the pronunciation of English. Oxford English and Queen's English, well, Oxford English implies that this English is spoken in Oxford, isn't it? Well, and Queen's English implies that only the Queen uses it. So there are no suitable terms for the pronunciation of English. So rather we should use something else which is the term that is used is in fact called received pronunciation. Okay. Received pronunciation. Now, the term received pronunciation has for many years been used to refer to the type of English, which is the one that is accepted by the best society. RP is also the accent that Americans and possibly other foreigners would probably refer to as the typical British accent. Sometimes it is also referred to under the terms BBC English, public school English, or even standard English. So it is neither a regional nor a personal, but a socially accepted type of standard English. By the way, you can compare this with the standard accent that is used in your own country. We are both speakers of German. So in German, we have a similar situation where the standard is social rather than regional in character. Okay. After this first introduction to the term received pronunciation, let's now practice.  You should be familiar with it. You watched the video and you passed the graded worksheet by the way with an excellent result where you had to transcribe some RP words. And this is now our first practice. So I will produce some nonsense words. Nonsense words are always very good because they do not distract you from the orthography. Okay. So now here are the words in you. Please transcribe these words. Here is the first one. Do it. Do it. Okay. Next one is razz. Razz. Good. Then we have kind. Kind. The fourth one is should. Should. And the last one in this series is jock. Jock. Okay. So perhaps you have tried the same thing. You can now compare Annina's solutions with yours. And here are the model solutions. And as you can see, there are only, well, only two mistakes. I think the first one is of course where Annina used the wrong vowel here. This should be what you call this vowel. Oh, that's the schwa. The schwa. Okay. So schwa. And the second mistake. Well, there's no further mistake. Perfect. Good solution. So now this explains why she did the worksheet so well. And now let's take another series. Some longer, complex nonsense words. This is now very hard. And here is the first one. Castido. Castido. Castido. Yes. Annina is inserting a stress mark. You know, when words have several syllables, you have to use a stress mark. Castido. Okay. Again, you can try yourself and later we will look at the model solutions. Now here's number two. Tidge-theola. Tidge-theola. Tidge-theola. Looks good. Tidge-theola. Tidge-theola. And the last one is mostidor. Mostidor. Mostidor. Mostidor. Mostidor. Yes. Fantastic. Only one mistake I can see. Perhaps if you look at it, you can see yourself. This symbol here would be more. Mostidor. Oh. And it is not used in RP at all. So this would be the solution. Well, let's look at the solutions. Here they are. The rest is okay. Again, it's always useful if you address particular letters, particular letters. So this is a letter here which has a particular name, this symbol. Well, I think that's the wedge. The wedge. Okay. And earlier on in the previous exercise, we had this symbol. What is it called? That's the ash. The ash. So we have three characters which we can address by name. The wedge, the ash and the schwa. It's much simpler than to talk about transcription. Okay. Before we now turn our attention to the sound system of RP, let's repeat the differences between a narrow and a broad transcription. Here is a sentence I used in the e-lecture about the phoneme. Liz played with Paul. So let's transcribe this sentence in two versions, narrow and broad. Anina, how are these systems represented, first of all? Well, in the narrow system, you use the angular brackets. And here we use slashes. The slashes. Okay. Excellent. Now, Anina didn't know that I'm wiping this off because I prepared something, but it doesn't matter. So this is what I prepared. And here are, of course, the right brackets. So your answer was perfect. Now I want to make life a little bit simpler. In class, of course, I would do the whole thing, the transcription together with my students. So in both cases, we have some symbols that are absolutely identical. And these are the ones I represented in black here. Now, let us now write down the two different versions and let us look at the differences. Perhaps the lateral consonants first. So what about the first, let's look at the narrow transcription first. Yes. What about the first L as in Liz? Well, I think in Liz, it's no, well, so to say normal, because it's palatalized. Palatalized? Or yes, you use the symbol for palatalization. And if you compare that with the L in Paul, well, in alveolar lateral here, yeah. Paul, I think it's velarized. Velarized, very good. Okay, and then we have another alveolar lateral in plaid, which is preceded by per. Yes. So what about that one? Because per is devoiced, I think the L is also devoiced because it follows. Yes, okay. So you can add the per now in front of it, played. Okay. And then we have another per in Paul. What about that per? That per is aspirated. Okay, very good. And now we have, excluding the stress mark, Liz played with Paul, perhaps we can insert a stress mark here. We have a narrow transcription. And if we compare that with the broad phonemic transcription, we simply have the same symbol, the phoneme. Yes. We don't have yellow phones. Okay. Played with Paul. Perfect. So, Anina has understood the difference between narrow and broad transcription. I hope you too. So it is the broad phonemic transcription that is predominantly used for the transcription of RP. And the most popular one is the one used in John Wells' Longman pronouncing dictionary. And for this reason it is abbreviated as LPD transcription, Longman pronouncing dictionary transcription. So let us now turn our attention to the sound system of received pronunciation. Here it is. Let's first of all list the inventory itself. How many phonemes does RP have? RP has got 44 phonemes. 44 phonemes and they can be subdivided into vowels and consonants. 24. Okay, great. And now we only need the monophthongs and diphthongs. We've got 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs. Okay. Very good. So this is then really the inventory itself, the 44 phonemes. And since the next unit of this class will be about American English and the consonantal systems of both varieties of English are very much similar, let us concentrate on the vowels of RP first. Okay, Anina, how can the vowels of received pronunciation be subdivided? The monophthongs, sorry, the monophthongs. Well, I think we've got long and we've got short monophthongs. Okay. Now, length is a little bit critical, isn't it? Well, I don't think whether it really plays a role. Okay. And, okay, so she was a little bit informed about this, what we're doing now. So what I do in class at this point is I present the following four words. And here they are, see, see, sit, and sit. So let's listen. I recorded them. See, see, sit, sit. Now, Anina, the first two are normally transcribed with a long E, the E with a colon, and the second set with a short E. In hearing them, what would you say? Which one is the longest? Well, I think the longest is C. Okay. So that's our number one, the longest and the shortest? I think that's sit. Okay. And then number two and three would be? Well, I think like this. Okay. So this is what we all would probably say without performing a so-called spectrographic analysis, which you can find here. So what I did, I used an audio program in class, recorded the sounds and then showed this result to the students. And here you can clearly see in the frames which contain the vowels that now we have a different situation. Yes. This one is still the longest, but now there is that one. Sit is the second longest. Number three is seat, and number four is sit. And now you can see that strictly speaking, length is not a decisive factor at all. Rather, it is a matter of tense versus lax or a distribution. For example, most of the short vowels, and this is a distributional effect, most of the short vowels only occur in close syllables. That is, they need a consonant that has to follow. The schwa occurs in unstressed position, and the E is a little bit critical. There's a language change going on where many people would now say city instead of city. But we still use the length mark? Yes, we do. And why? Well, it is perhaps a special indicator for the prolongation of vowels which is useful for the language learner. After all, there are many languages which do not have long vowels at all. So if you're learning English and you see these length symbols, you might be tempted to make them longer, and that's not too bad for the language learner. Okay, the diphthongs. Here are the eight diphthongs. How can we subdivide these diphthongs? Well, we've got in-gliding and up-gliding diphthongs. Okay, can you mark the in-gliding ones? Yes, I think these three. Okay, so these are the in-gliding diphthongs. Now, some students often complain about all this terminology. Why do I have to remember all these terms? But these terms help in a systematic classification of the sound systems of languages. In the case of RP diphthongs, we can say that the whole class doesn't exist in American English. Why not? Well, I think that are the in-gliding ones because they can all be found in context with the final orthographical R. And in American English this comes out as a monophthong plus r. So here we have some words. Here, there, and sure. In British English with an in-gliding diphthong in American English, here, there, and sure. Okay. Now, the final part of this session should be dedicated to the discussion of transcription, to practicing. A good exercise would be this one here where you present your students a transcription result that contains a lot of mistakes and these mistakes can be of a formal kind. So, for example, and I leave that to you, we are not giving the solution here, perhaps just the headline. The headline contains some mistakes. So are four-lettered friends? Where are the main mistakes, Alina? Well, I think because as you just have said, the R isn't there in the received pronunciation. So we get rid of that. Yes. And here has to be the schwa, I think. Great. Lettered. Yes. And this is normal e. Friends. Yeah. Epsilon is not used in RP. Okay. I think here... We need angst, Marc. Yes. Our four-lettered friends. Sometimes we have trouble writing here, but we all know it must be this vowel in the first case. So are four-lettered friends? Well, and you can do the rest at home. Finally, depending on the time you have in class, you could present your students with a transcription exercise, give them a text, give them five minutes, let them do the transcription, and eventually show them the result. And of course, they can do the rest at home then, continue at home, and this could be a nice homework too, you know, according to the inverted classroom model, you don't have real homeworks, we do everything in class. Okay, let's summarize. Well, after this in-class meeting, and the e-learning unit, the sound system of RP prior to it, everyone should not only be able to list and classify the RP phonemes, but also to transcribe RP words in simple phrases. The transcription of connected speech might still be a problem, but that does not matter at this point. We will tackle that in the unit, in the English connected speech, and in the respective e-lecture. So let us stop here, but not without reminding the students to finish the last two tasks, the corrections of errors, and the completion of the transcription. The solutions, by the way, can be found on the Virtual Linguistics Campus. So thank you all for your patience. Thank you very much, Anina, for your support. Cheers. Cheers, she said. That's bye-bye in German. Okay, that's it for now.