Vi vet at de drankt en masse av alkohol i medievalen. Det var for eksempel et sann om du ikke gjorde det. Vi tror at en tørre populæren i Norge i år, 1000 AD, var sløyere. Det er det som sier at vi er nærmere børn av Anarki. Yes, I'm a big fan of Raymere's. Bjørn, går det bra? Ja, det går bra. Takk. Good, I succeeded in my Norwegian. Absolutt. I'm just going to start by saying what an absolutely stunningly beautiful country Norway is. It's nicer, absolutely. I've been wonderfully kind and hospitable people. I've been fortunate to... My first trip to Norway was with the Marines when we went up to... Jendesheim was where we stayed and we did our Arctic warfare training up in the north. Oh, yeah. I learnt one of my passions in life, which I haven't done for years, but it's cross country skiing. Ja, I like that too, yeah. And then I was very fortunate to go back to Norway to study in Freue, which is near Lillehammer. And I studied to be a development instructor to go and work as a volunteer in Africa. So I taught street children for six months in Mozambique. That's wonderful. Ja, but that involved living in Norway for six months on top of a mountain in a ski lodge. It was just an old ski lodge hotel. It was brilliant. Skiing every day, sauna, sauna. Then I went back to Norway and I chopped fish in a salmon factory. Laks, laks. Salmon, ja. And I lived in Norway for about a year that time on an island called Freue, which is just next to Trondheim. And, wow, what a great year. Not that I remember a lot because we drank a lot of moonshine. So maybe we can talk about that because that's a phenomenon in England or in the UK we don't have because alcohol is so cheap here.  Well, let's start with that. It's very different, isn't it, in Scandinavian culture. We were talking about Jantelagen. Yes, Jantelagen, the law of Janta. That's basically, it comes from a book by Axel Sandermann. He was Danish, actually, but he moved to Norway and became an Norwegian novelist. And it was, it's a law that, it's not a law, but it's, he said that in his novel it was like this law that said that you should not think you're better than anyone. You should not, yeah, basically you shouldn't think that you're better than anyone else. Now, I hear that all the time, especially from the USA, actually. That's the worst sin of all sins, I understand. It's a law, again, like law on doing this with my fingers. Fiction is law that's designed to keep people down so that they don't excel in life. And that's what we see a lot, sadly, in Norway and in many other countries as well. It's, it is worse out in the countryside, I would say, than in the cities. And it, I'm sure that it was a lot worse back in the old days when Norway was much more divided into social classes than it is now.  So it's kind of like, you know, in here and in the community but it's not something that you can maybe read. And she said it, she said it's like you can be successful but you're not allowed to kind of go around telling everybody, hey, look at me, I'm the big cheese. But the fascinating thing and this is where it relates to UK culture is the drinking. She said at the weekend you can get smashed and in Scandinavia I seem to remember most young people do, right? Well, sadly, we have a very unhealthy drinking culture in Norway. I am very glad that alcohol is expensive here. Now some people would say that all that leads to people drinking moonshine which is unhealthy by the way. People go blind sometimes, actually permanently. And smuggler spirit and so on. But still it keeps the total volume of consumption down. Lots of people they want to disagree when I say that but if you look at the numbers it really does. So that's a good thing. We do have lots of injuries, people driving their car after they have had a few drinks and so on. So that's not good. That is actually one of the worst social problems if I can use that term in Norway. I don't know why it's like that. But you mentioned we're not supposed to show off our wealth in this country. Lots of people do. And I noticed that lots of people they borrow money to do that. And they build a house that's much too big for them or for their wealth which they don't really have. So you're not supposed to do that but it's totally okay to go out and get very drunk on Saturday night. So that's an odd thing if you ask me. I don't drink alcohol myself. So when you see me in my videos drinking beer it's non-alcoholic beer, which I like. Yes, it's good. You can really get into the non-alcoholic beer. And for people who are trying to give up alcohol I'd highly recommend it because when you've been off the beer for a few months and you have a non-alcoholic beer in the pub it really does.  I mean it helps get you by. But Bjørn, going back to the Jontilagent thing I was more fascinated with the fact that it's frowned upon to drink during the week i.e. during the working week in Scandinavia whereas here you can drink whenever you want. I mean many, many people now will drink one if not two bottles of wine an evening and yes it is a form of alcoholism. But whereas when I would go in a bar and say I don't know Oslo or Stockholm and there's the English guy, it's like Right, who wants a beer? The Scandinavians would go and they start looking at each other. Yeah, and you could see the difference in culture they didn't want to tell me Chris we don't drink here during the week and I wondered Bjørn if this went back to the ancient cultures say for example maybe the Vikings is not a good example but Norway is very community based it has to function as a community and I wonder if they recognized in the old days that if you were the guy drinking during the week you're not going to be much good you're not going to build your house you're not going to farm your farm you're not going to build your ships Well, actually we do know that they drank a lot of alcohol during the medieval ages and it was considered for instance a sin if you didn't and there were laws that said that each farm had to brew ale for Christmas I can't remember the details on that but it was the opposite but then we got the Christian what's it called? Do you say ethos? No, the Christian, the purists and certain several of those movements that were anti-alcohol you shouldn't drink at all it was considered then, from then on a sin and I think also meat consumption interestingly were frowned upon in certain Christian groups or fractions but certainly alcohol was not allowed at all and I think it comes from that because there was a lot of drinking a lot of people just ruined their lives completely and then you had this alternative no drink allowed at all which was a better alternative if you had to choose between drinking every day spending all your money on drinking and not drinking at all obviously not drinking at all is a better option so I think it comes from that and it's kind of stayed within the community so a little bit up until today Yes, that's fascinating I'm trying to think of the name of that movement because you have the temperance movement but I know who you mean Friends at home, put it in the comments yes, put it in the comments Bjorn, hos din personale ansesstret kan du tilbake til The Viking Times? Hos du? Ja, det kan jeg Ja, det kan jeg og det er ikke en annen åpning men jeg er veldig gammel fordi en av mine relatives har gjort en forskning på vår ansesstret så han har vært able to find several of the lines so to speak, back up through the family tree jeg vet at jeg er, for eksempel, en direkt descendant av Egil Skallargrimson han var en icelandic poet han var... jeg vil si en poet og si noe mer men han var også veldig gammel så han var ennfam i sin tid og mange andre mennesker jeg kan finne de i familien også har jeg en linje til en skottisk keng hvilket jeg har hatt, veldig interessant og vi vet at namen Bøl B-U-L-L, det kommer fra de britiske istene i de 1500'erne, så noen gikk til Danmark der og senere, etter et par generasjoner opp til Norge wow så, du må ikke belive dette, men vi er sånne relateret i en måte fordi min søren namn Þrøl i Norge, trell, mener slav ja, trell, mener slav, ja eller søf så min familiehistorie vi var den løkeste vikings så du hadde vikingvarier og så hadde du vikingvarier men fordi vi var den løkeste vikingvarier kan jeg si til min vikingsfam at vi var stil vikings ja, det var en... slav var vidspredt vi vet ikke sikkert vi beløver at en tørre del av populationen i Norge rundt år, 1000'er, var slav så det er mange folk wow har du vært i Iceland? jeg har, ja det er en fantastisk land, ikke? ja det er veldig fascinerende det er veldig diffrent i Norge når du ser på scenen, nature så de hadde å gjøre litt... de hadde å adaptere til det klimat når de kom kom der de var klare mennesker var det nødvendig? jeg hørte at det var nødvendig i disse tider jeg har hørt at det var nødvendig og jeg har hørt at det var nødvendig jeg tror ikke det var nødvendig vi har hørt... jeg har hørt at vi... jeg har hørt at... arkeologister har hørt grøn og andre veldige træsene av veldige på Grønland så vi vet at de har hørt veldige der jeg har hørt at de kan gjøre det nå hvis det var nødvendig during the summer men det var nødvendig tidligere det kan ha noe å gjøre med det skjønning av åsjoner det er bare en guis men det vil også effekte klimat langt køst så... jeg tror det var litt vondt eller det er about the same as now og folk bruker det som en eksempel hele tiden de ser at... humenaktivitet ikke effekter et klimat eller noe sånn men vi vet ikke at det var vondt eller noe sånn at de gikk plantene til å møde i områden hvor vi ikke kan møde plantene til å møde nå så... det har vi det, vet du? ja jeg vil si at det bringer det nødvendig til Bushcraft i respekt... i respekt av at jeg var i Iceland jeg høyte... jeg vet ikke hvordan du prøver det i engelsk skulle du si Horkal Harkal det er... fermenterat ja og selvfølgelig har du... hvordan har du det? vel, du har gravlaks også, vet du? jeg vil ikke høyte det så frem til hjem hva vi prøver om her er det et antal metoder som preserverer møde med... ja, møde fisk og møde møde i Iceland de tar denne møde, selvfølgelig fra året og det er så... det har så mye acid i det det bærer den på grønnen for kanskje en år og så når du dæker det opp det blir mødvendig det var det selvfølgelig jeg høyte everything over, jeg høyte... jeg høyte everything over, jeg høyte... men jeg... Bjørn, jeg gjorde en rule når jeg var omkring 9 jeg skulle høyte everything i mitt liv og jeg har støtt til det så det er... jeg kan berre deg, jeg... det er som... hver kristmas spesielt om kristmas vi får alle de strange føler og jeg vil ikke høyte noen fordi noen mener det men jeg tror det er litt diskussant å være høyte jeg mener vi prøver å snakke om rotten fisk og... og vi har en even i min min, en even børs... sort av... fisk i Norge, det er de lutte fisk som er... har du tatt det? jeg har høyte everything jeg har høyte everything det er... hva... hva er det oppe av acid det er... alkali alkali, okei så vi trøter fisk med alkali og du får... fisk kommer almost som gjellig og når de... de tar dette ut til tablen og det er vobbelig jeg har aldri høyte det fordi... noen som typisk høyter lutte fisk, men... rundt kristmas, og de høyter det, men... jeg... det er ikke for meg når jeg har vært i fiskfakteriet alle arbeider på kristmas skulle putte seg ordentlig for... gravlag så... rød og sammen jeg er ganske... for folk å høre og det er ikke... det er ikke det du tror er rød og fisk det kommer ut rød og rød jeg vet ikke hvordan de gjør det i en fisk men de gjør det, det er veldig populære ordentlig for å sende ut, men... ja... høyter har rød og fisk og det er en delikasjon det er... jeg forberedte... det er den som... det er ikke nødt å åpne kanen på etterpåter det er det som du kaller nu det er den som kanen kommer til å starte fordi av prosess å gå tilbake og smelet skal være så rød at... det kan gjøre folk å bruke det men... jeg vil ikke skjønne spørsmål, spørsmål ikke men... det er rød og fisk det er det som det er så... men i hvert fall... i Asien... de har en sign i hotell det er en av de... signer med en cirkel med den... med den... ikke lød... på den... på den... og det er... det er en frut som heter Dorian ja, jeg har hørt om det det er en stor grønne ting og det er... det... det har de sånne... triangular patru... eller spikige patrusjene om det og det er for det samme at de... de tar det, de lov det men det gi oss dette små at... ja, folk... folk ikke liker det du vet noen av de ting som... jeg liker dette om... Skandinavier og det er også som om du er i Portugal og Spain det er at... alle dere... although the language is different in the three countries you can all... you can all get along in the same... you know... you wouldn't like... if you were in Sweden you wouldn't start talking English to be understood you just... do you just change your language or do they change theirs or how does... no, we speak our own languages and Norwegians and Swedes and Danish people can understand each other but interestingly enough we can... we have a very hard time understanding Icelandic which is closest to our original language, right? so... so that's... that's how it is but... yeah, we... I can speak with Swedish people just fine Danish is sometimes a little bit more difficult but we don't speak English we... we keep our own languages and it's basically the same language I would say there are parts of Norway where the dialect is so that I have a harder time understanding that than for instance Swedish so... but I live very close to the Swedish border and my... my dialect is... is actually it's extremely close to the written language you will find that in a few parts of Norway people speaking as if you would read from a book and I live in one of those parts actually so yeah let's talk then about... should we talk about prepping first and then we'll talk about... yeah, so what is the... I mean I would imagine people listening now may not even have heard the term prepping I'm only sort of fringe familiar with it because it... when I hear the word prepping and even though ironically I think everybody should maybe be doing it at the moment but it conjures up images of these communities in America that take themselves away and live in the woods and they shun society and they want to keep their guns well, you know quite rightly so if you ask me but they... does it just mean to prepare for any eventuality? Yeah, I would say so but if you look at... if we start by looking at governmental guidelines at least in Norway they say that the Norwegian government says that you should keep what you need for... to survive on your own without any assistance and without electricity for three days so already you can see that some prepping is recommended by the government now I'm not saying that we're going to follow government recommendations just because they are saying it doesn't mean it's right but it is... prepping is about being prepared so that you can you can survive and thrive without assistance from the outside and you do have the doomsday preppers people imagining a walking dead zombie apocalypse thing and then you have also people who are a little bit down to earth and they might they might have experience being laid off for a while not having any work any job and no income so if you have a situation like that it would obviously be good to have all the food that you need and other essential items for let's say maybe a year that takes a lot of stress off your shoulders I myself I think it's it's more wise it's wiser to have food than to have guns if I had to choose but of course you I won't get into the gun thing here but you know social media it's very sensitive about that but so let's just that's both is probably wise but prepping is also a mindset I would say it's you will typically find people who want to be self-sufficient not dependent on anyone else you'll find those people in the prepping community if we can call it that I don't think we do have a prepping community in Norway but we certainly do have preppers here and there so yeah it's a mindset I would say I mean theoretically in Norway you'd stand a better chance of surviving something say say if the smart grid went down and trucks stopped delivering food to supermarkets and this kind of thing which is not actually I'm not sure if you're aware of this but we've had that in the UK this last two years we've had like no food in the shops and I mean this is the UK but it started to get a bit concerning funnily enough the preppers in Britain they only prepare themselves with toilet rolls if they see a moose they're going to throw the toilet roll really hard of course in Scandinavia you have many log cabins don't you out in the cabins out in the nature I gather some of them are left open in case you have an emergency and they leave a match sticking out the box so if your hands are cold you can grab the match and they leave the fire ready to already kindled so you can light the fire yeah well that I have actually not seen but I guess you can find that and we do have a lots of those cabins scattered around in the wilderness here we also have a wilderness which is not not all countries do have a wilderness so in Norway I would say actually and I would say this there are people in Norway who might be into a form of hunting I'm saying a form of hunting and they have this image of themselves surviving out in the wilderness if something happens and because of that they do not prep but in my experience those same people would not be able to survive out in the wilderness and they would not be able to hunt effectively they don't know how to track animals they don't know how to snare animals they don't know any of those things now when I've said that snareing animals is not kind nobody should go do that for fun that would be for an emergency a real emergency but I mean a place like Norway you could walk from here and into Russia you can walk from here to the big ocean you could get probably lost forever because of our border to Sweden, Finland and Russia so there certainly is that possibility of living off the land it's not for everyone it would be very hard to do that but it is possible and I know that because people did that during the second world war and that's not that long ago so again, not for everyone but we should all I'm saying this a lot on my YouTube channel we should all stock up on food now and the worst the worst case scenario is that you bought some food and you have some extra food that you're going to eat anyway so you can't really lose actually and even food prices go up the food you will be eating is cheaper than if you were to go and buy it in the stores I say that a lot Yes I think recent events have made me realise how society in terms of the shops it's quite fragile it wouldn't take a lot you'd only need one chink in the armour so say one company announced isn't going to make bread that week and then suddenly people are buying another and then suddenly that factory can't make enough so this chain of events starts which would end up with people attacking the delivery trucks you know just like waiting on the highway for a truck and right get that because you can't starve to death we don't have much nature like you guys do you have bear and moose and salmon and trout that is very limited we have salmon and trout but the numbers are so small now we have a few sheep and cows obviously but I really can imagine a scenario where it wouldn't take a lot for people to start starving and then even going house to house to steal the neighbors food and this kind of thing yeah there is this saying that we are only 9 meals away from Anarki so there is that but yeah I think that stealing would be the first thing and then you would have the violence and then you would have complete lawlessness I guess this idea of going out into the wilderness most people would not do that that's just not I don't see that happening because most of the year it's very cold most people do not have any experience in spending nights out in the in the woods Norway is very fragile when it comes to food because we don't have a national reserve of that nothing to speak about anyway it's very limited so we are totally dependent on getting food into the stores every day or almost every day we haven't seen food shortage yet but if that happens my guess is that it will happen overnight suddenly we are in that situation and that could happen absolutely yes I think so yes it's made me I might have mentioned this it's made me think about at least stocking up on some basic items even if it's just to get you through maybe a week or a week when all your groceries have run out so yes this is what prepping is and then of course I guess it's I guess it comes to the radar of the authorities because some of these prepping communities they can like in the united states they don't like autonomy the government doesn't like people that can survive on their own or that make make their own sort of rules am I right in thinking that beyond you could be but I I'm sitting here in Norway so I try to be a little bit careful when it comes to other countries I have been to the United States three times so obviously that's it's very limited what I know about people in the united states and how things work there it's but I do think that at least in some parts they are very much now it's I would say that Scandinavians and the British are more cold blooded than the Americans in a way so maybe that has something to do with the the conflict the level of conflict maybe or the level of frustration I am frustrated as well now I am absolutely but I I think also that at least in Norway the government is going to leave us in peace mostly and if I wanted to live out in a log cabin on my own I could do that nobody would come and grab me and say now you're not allowed to stay here if it was someone else's log cabin yes but but apart from that I would be I would just that would be totally okay but I see also that in the United States there are some communities that start kind of looking like a militia with lots of guns and so on that could be problematic because the potential for those communities to do harm is great or it's should I say it's not great it's present at least in the eyes of the United States government I would say so maybe there's a little bit of that going on maybe there's a bit of the gun thing that comes into the equation as well I'm just guessing and thinking out loud her I am not one of those people who are going pointing at the Americans laughing I'll look at Europe zest for your guns because I I used to not laugh at the Americans but I used to be very very skeptical about the whole thing but now I understand there's a history behind that they had to they had to use violence to become a nation and that we didn't have to do that here in Norway it almost came to that so there's a history there are more going into that so I'm not going to say it's foolish to have guns on the contrary I would say especially now I think it might be wise but yes their constitution is actually very well written it makes you wonder how they could have been so level headed and selfless back then if you had the guys in charge writing it now the guys are called the psychopaths they basically write you into into a prison cell with yes shall we just say it's quite impressive that they were so foresighted I think they could see if they weren't then tyranny would be upon us all my god were they were they fortune tellers with a crystal ball perhaps or maybe it's that what they were seeing is we are seeing the same now it's because people don't really change it's the same thing on and on and on it's human nature could be that Bjorn before we come to bushcraft I just want to say Bjorn means bear doesn't it yes it's quite a cool name it's a very common name here it's a very common name is it nice because you have for friends at home Norway still has native bears so bears out in the wild yes not enough if you ask me not enough of them but we do have them we have one bear in this country bear grills I'm sure you may have heard of him yeah they're a guy on TV yes but yeah what a cool name to be called Bjorn bear bushcraft one of my favourite pastimes although hold my hand up and say what we're doing all the YouTube and trying to write books and doing some adventuring here and there I don't get to do it enough I think I have about maybe five videos now on my channel just some very basic bushcraft some of which I've done with my son how did you get into it well it started very early on when I was a child and of course we didn't call it bushcraft and that was not the term here in Norway but I really like to spend time out in the woods you know whittling and making bows and arrows and stuff that's that was quite normal back then in the 70s early 80s and and I must admit also it was very exciting to start a fire you know we were not supposed to do that but if you had a magnifying glass you could and that's kind of the start of my bushcraft career so to speak I didn't burn down anything but I I then started in the I was in the Boy Scouts and then I went and I went I went rogue as they say and I started doing more challenging stuff like that was in my teenage years like surviving out you know in the winter with no sleeping bag and building shelters with a fire inside and stuff like that and then I picked it up I guess yeah some years ago it's been a while now and I got more into techniques that were new to me like friction fire and yeah you know bushcraft there's you can learn something new every day so that's one of the great parts great things about it and I'm still learning I'm still a student of bushcraft I would say and I'm not an expert at all I just find doing these things and succeeding after a while in learning new techniques it's extremely rewarding you know and I think there's very few people out there that could actually survive without some form of modern day accoutrement or you know a blade or this there are some videos though aren't there on YouTube of guys that actually go out into the nature and they do they go out with just a pair of shorts on and they make a pot you can't just make a clay but you have to have the right clay like clean clay you have to get rid of all the impurities otherwise it cracks and they do this and they cook it they cook the pot in the fire and then that's their obviously for collecting the water so that's the basics of survival covered yes I think we have a romantic vision of surviving in the nature that in reality would be a lot harder yes it would be very hard so but there's a huge difference between surviving with just a few items and no shelter and nothing and surviving let's say you have a log cabin out in the woods that's obviously a huge difference and that's why when it comes to again being prepared or preparedness having like a bug out bag is wise I think because then you can grab a bag and you have your essential items there which makes everything a lot easier but bushcraft is also I would say a great way of connecting with the past and learning to respect our ancestors and their way of life because they were no fools they must have been very intelligent and resourceful when you look at the things they did and how they managed so it's very impressive do you think the term bushcraft has become popular in modern culture because of reymirs yes I'm a big fan of reymirs he's he's not one of the some of these if you watch tv some of these people they everything is dangerous and they jumping off cliffs and they do all sorts of stuff that you really shouldn't do in such a situation because that would get you hurt probably now reymirs is very mellow and he knows his stuff and I hope reymirs is not listening to this but there's this saying I read that somewhere you should always trust a fat bushcrafter I was going to say I wouldn't trust him around my donuts yeah well but in my experience you know you need to take things easy out there in the wild so when I hike I don't like to walk very fast and I try to observe what's going on around me I take a lot of breaks and I try to be comfortable all the time I like that and I think that's having that mindset is healthy also from a survivalist standpoint yes energy is your enemy if you're ever in any kind of survival situation isn't it because you only have I once went 18 days without food on the 17th day I ran two miles I just wanted to see if you can still run after fasting for such a long time for friends listening it was a great experience I think I've done a video on fasting and it's absolutely nothing to do with body image losing weight etc etc it's about getting in touch with our ancestry who as we're hearing now probably would have had to go for periods of their life without food times of scarcity bad weather drought, famine this kind of stuff so I think because it's built into our DNA to be able to go for such long periods I think it also has some sort of purifying effects on the mind and the body that's another subject what for young people listening I'm a big advocate Bjorn that you've got to get outdoors you've got to light I mean as youngsters we would go into the nature we'd light a fire camping all this kind of stuff what can we say because I do worry that some young people who watch my show if all they do is just play the xbox go to the job come back play the xbox again they're going to get old and then look back on their life and never have connected with nature that's not a good life it's not a real life it's a very artificial life people need to get out in the real world that's what I always say and the real world is not the cities it's the wilderness that's reality and most other things are very artificial so I think and I get this question a lot because people are asking what should I do to get out in the wilderness or to connect with nature the obvious answer is we'll just get out there but there's a lot of people who are actually afraid so people will ask me things like are you not afraid of the predators and I guess in some countries there are are they talking about the government now? I think they talk about wolves and bears and stuff so it's actually quite difficult to explain to people that it's not like on TV where people survival shows, they almost die in every scene it's not like that now nature can be cruel nature can be brutal all things but mostly nature is quiet it's quiet and you go out there you hear that silence you start connecting with yourself through connecting with nature should I say that's a very profound thing when that happens and you really have to experience that to understand what it's about you never get that silence when you're constantly bombarded with the people talking advertisements social media your job tasks Xbox games you never it's not healthy if you ask me it's not healthy to live that way no so how can we nice can we give to young people if they want if they want to get in touch with themselves and get in touch with the wilderness I'd say get a pen knife even better if you can afford a bushcraft knife and just go and chop some sticks camp over night something like this yeah well I've thought about that and I used to say camp over night, spend the night outside but now I'm saying that I think what you should do is bring some food and a knife some matches you don't have to use the bow drill start the fire and you go for a walk at campsite and if you're not allowed in your country to camp every once then you go to campsite and you build a little fire there and you have your food and you just sit there for a while then you can go back home if you want to next time you can go a little bit further you can walk a little bit further you can maybe some sausages on a stick on the fire next time again maybe you can go out with some friends spend the night in a hammock or a tent and so on and so on and progress from there it becomes a habit and it becomes also a lifestyle I would say yes for friends listing it I would just drive out somewhere and then probably not go too far from the car until I was it's always quite nice to be near the car anyway you don't have to carry so much stuff but having said that I have done 70 kilometer marches camping overnight actually that was a wonderful track let's finish Bjørn by talking about fire by friction yeah that's great fun yes I'm gonna one second I've never managed to do it in the nature so I resorted to buying one of these kits on ebay you're gonna hate me now no no no not at all at first I just wanted the experience of actually achieving it because I haven't tried it massive amount of times but I've probably given it a go about three times yeah I have very limited knowledge which would for the base and which would for the spindles so I thought buy a kit it's gonna be easy right nah just as hard with this in the end I actually put the spindle in my electric drill yeah for about 30 seconds I got a huge what I thought was an ember and it's smoking away and as soon as I tapped it into the tin there's nothing that is gone so what what are our thoughts on this well it takes a lot of practice I did not have any instruction and I I don't think I have ever seen anyone in Norway do it I'm not saying nobody in Norway has ever done it before I did it I'm sure there are someone but I haven't seen it here so I had to research the wood the sorts of wood to use and then I found out that the wood here it's different because the wood is harder the same wood in England for instance in Norway you'll find normally that the wood that same wood is harder in Norway so I had to just try out what works and what doesn't work and I finally made it and I have actually stayed with those types of wood and I have made a kit that I don't think there is any shame at all in bringing your bow drill kit because I think they did that back then as well they would bring their fire making kit with them as they were traveling and so on of course it's good practice to make new ones but yeah it just takes it takes a bit of practice I found that how your stance when you use the bow drill has a lot to do with it all these little details they make a huge difference so don't give up I think I must have tried like 50 times or something like that before I finally got an ember that was kept and started glowing yeah it's great fun but I haven't mastered the hand drill yet so I'm trying to find the right sort of wood for that it's it's a bit challenging here I have to tell you that the hand drill wood is so hard and even when you find the right wood it's going to take all the skin off your hands it's a yeah well I I've heard that you can you can actually take some spruce sap in your hands to make them sticky so that they don't slide down the spindle that easily so but you can do that but as I said I have not yet as per today as we are recording this I haven't mastered the hand drill which is a bit embarrassing but I'll get there and the reward will be even greater the more effort you put into it definitely and is that a bow I see behind you ah it's yeah well it's one of those modern bows with the wheels on it so yeah I have one of those as well it is more accurate than the long bows and is bow hunting legal in Norway because it's illegal here yeah it is illegal here and my experience with the local hunters here tells me that it's really that's probably wise but I do have one of those I guess the problem would be you could injure an animal and then it's it's got to run away and die yes yes and it is less accurate than a rifle but the problem with hunting here of course is that there are lots of people sadly who will sit there and drink and behave in a way that hunters should not behave should I say yes I have no problem with that in my local woods actually it's a big problem yes I guess times are changing because in the UK we have something called the country code and it's quite an old I mean it goes back years and years and you can actually find it written like on say a government or a government website or a government like say a nature website and it's because people have to be told not to drop your litter you know you drink your beer you can't just throw the can on the ground and this is a real problem here yeah here as well and especially during hunting season or should I say at the height of the hunting season I will always find empty beer cans bottles and all sorts of rubbish at the campsites here in the local woods which makes me think that I mean it doesn't happen it only happens during the hunting season so you can draw your own conclusions there but drinking sitting there and drinking bottles of vodka and hunting is not a good combination if you ask me yes I think times are perhaps changing as well because I don't think you would have had to tell people 50 years ago not to just throw your vodka bottles in the forest oh it can start a forest fire as well I've just finished it's maybe a newer thing people are losing touch with the importance of the nature yeah well I've had I've heard people grown up men talking about playing hunting on their computer games like I don't know the xbox so I don't know what these things are called but yeah and it's all and then you can go out in the woods and you can shoot hunt and so on play there as well and it's like there's something wrong with these people and I don't like to call them hunters because in my mind the hunter is someone who with a certain code of ethics that's how I want to envision a hunter these people are nothing like that so that's that's a problem and yeah maybe it was different before I don't know it certainly is not as it should be now Bjørn, just to finish off I think we should actually talk about some bushcraft can you give us some sort of examples maybe when you're going on a trip what are you going to put in your pack when I go lightweight so I do not bring a lot of stuff the bushcraft items I will bring is a good knife a folding saw and if it's during the winter an axe not a big axe but here's this one something like this and some string as well so that for obvious reasons I will bring a tarp and I think that's yeah and a little tin with some cotton bowls with petroleum jelly because that's a great fire starter that's the bushcraft items I will bring and with those tools you can do almost everything you can build shelters you can obviously gather firewood and build like a heat reflecting wall and stuff and you can be very comfortable with those items and make a great camp in winter I prefer to have a tarp behind in some kind of configuration and the fire in front of me that's and I make a long fire typically a Siberian long fire or Siberian log fire that's my those two are my favorites they keep you warm for a long time and yeah so let's see knife saw axe string tarp and a tin with some fire starting material yes and also I bring a ferro rod and if I'm hiking for some distance storm matches you know you shouldn't leave those behind back home if you're in a hurry if you get injured if something happens you really want the easiest way to start a fire storm matches are they the big matches that they've burned for quite a lot they've got a little bit of powder on them yeah they're not I think they're like this but they are you know I think you can almost light them under water I haven't tried but they will stay we used to get them in our military ration packs we used to get like a stick of maybe five in each pack and are you taking any kind of sleep sleep roll yeah of course I my sleeping bags here which brand are they I use the c-packs because they are lightweight and good quality and not made in China which is a topic in itself but yeah I use c-packs and a sleeping pad as well and do you ever use a bivy bag I haven't well yes I have many years to go I used to hike with a bivy bag when I was a teenager I still have that one but yeah I don't use that anymore I use a tent now yes and did I see that was a Norwegian brand was it is it Norwegian either Norwegian or Swedish I think they sold out they sold out I would have to check but in general you will see that the Norwegian brands are not Norwegian anymore they are not produced or manufactured in Norway and they are not owned by Norwegian people but I don't know if that goes for in particular yeah I saw that they had been bought out by Mamut which I think was a traditionally a German company because I tried to buy one because I know they are the best sleeping bags in the world Scandinavian equipment it's just so well made it is but for me now it gets too heavy again I don't like to carry heavy backpack so some people don't mind but I go lightweight and that excludes most of the Norwegian brands or the formally the brands that used to be Norwegian and I've seen you eating what look like the pre-prepared rations the ones you just put in maybe hot water is that your favourite technique or do you mix it out yeah well depends on how far I'm hiking I will normally bring some of those because again they are lightweight you only need to add water and it's simple and tasty you get quite a lot of calories in those so I like those if I'm not hiking for very far I will bring some fresh meat bacon and things like that wonderful Bjørn listen it's been a fascinating chat thank you my pleasure it would be my dream we could meet up one day and get out in the woods together that would be nice it would be a bro date I think we can call it do you have any books Bjørn I do have several but none of those are in English as per today I hope my agent will be able to secure a good book deal with English or American an English or American publisher that hasn't happened yet but my website that's sesser b-u-l-h-a-n s-e-n dot com on the page that you if you write that and you go to that page there's a list there of which languages my novels are available in I update that when you say novels do you mean fiction or okay I'm gonna put your website below the youtube video and also your amazing youtube channel you have a lot of subscribers now hey yeah we I say we it's only me so I should say I I crossed 442,000 subscriber mark today so yeah I guess that's those of people I think the interest in bushcraft because the bushcraft channels on youtube are just the biggest they get so many views and I think that is a representation of how many people are looking for something else in their lives because they're unhappy with you know maybe their job or they're just playing the xbox all the time or whatever and I think they look to guys like you and think wow I wish I was doing what this guy was doing yeah well also I think that during the last year and a half lots of people have been I've not been able to go out and spend the night in the wilderness and so on so that they you know at least they can watch some videos from someone out in the woods and hopefully that has helped people I think so so there's that as well but yeah there's a lot of interest and I'm makes me glad you know people are interested in bushcraft and connecting with nature that's a good thing definitely Bjørn just stay on the line when I hit the record off just so I can thank you properly to our friends at home massive love to you all please look after yourselves get out into the nature as often as you can because it's good for the head and good for the heart and if you could like and subscribe and check that you're still subscribed apparently YouTube just unsubscribes people from my channel that'd be wonderful that leads me to say one last thing Ha det bra Ha det bra


The present review outlines recent progress in the study of exosomes, which are nanosized biovesicles released by cells that carry cell-specific cargos and can be taken up by neighbouring or distant cells to reprogram them. Exosome research is focused on understanding their regulatory mechanisms, molecular composition, and potential use as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and vehicles for drug and gene delivery. Further in-depth study of subcellular components and mechanisms involved in exosome formation and specific cell targeting will shed light on their physiological activities. This article was authored by Yuan Zhong, Yun Feng Liu, Hai Ying Liu, and others.


Greetings, friends. Welcome to CTUCC Conference Cast for February 13, 2015, the regular podcast of the Connecticut Conference of the United Church of Christ. Whoever you are, and wherever you may be on life's journey at this very moment, you are welcome here. We are once again producing a minimal video edition of Conference Cast this week to make time for a major communications project. Stay tuned, we hope to be able to celebrate it in next Friday's Conference Cast. We begin this week's Conference Cast with this meditation from Cecile Gilson, Executive Assistant to the Conference Minister. As we approach Lent, we hear the story of the transfiguration as told by Mark, how Jesus climbed a mountain with Peter, James and John, and began to glow so brightly they could not look at him. And from a cloud came a voice saying, this is my son the beloved. Listen to him. There's a favorite story in my family about my father that we share frequently. He wore white shirts all the time as did most men of his era. One night after dinner he was extremely proud because his shirt was still white even after eating spaghetti. While showing off the white shirt he managed to get some sauce from his fingers on the shirt. We all had a good laugh and continued to recount the story, so much so that his grandchildren, who were not even born yet, today tell the story as if they were at the table. The story of the transfiguration had to be one of those stories in the early church. It appears in Matthew, Mark and Luke with almost identical detail. John has a version of it as well. It was shared from generation to generation and everyone could recount the story as if they had been present on that mountaintop. This story celebrates in a powers Jesus as God's beloved. It defines and explains his ministry in and among the people of his time. In our churches we have our own stories that are shared from generation to generation. Our children and grandchildren know the stories. They are the stories of who we are as a church and what our impact has been in the wider world. They are stories to be celebrated as we create new stories. Are the stories we create today worthy of being shared? Do they tell of our life and ministry on the edges or margins of our churches? Will they show how the church has been extravagantly welcoming, open to new ideas, willing to be interdependent in this place we find ourselves? Are we creating stories that define who we are as God's beloved? The Church of Today has much to celebrate from the Church of Yesterday, but it is our call to become the Church of Today with an eye toward the Church of Tomorrow. Our stories will continue and we will live as God's beloved if we are open to hearing the call. Here is a prayer for this week. Holy God, you have revealed the glory of your love in Jesus Christ and have given us a share in your spirit. May we who listen to Christ follow faithfully and in the dark places where you send us reveal the light of your gospel. Amen. Please hold in prayer today the family and friends of Alan Russell Howell, spouse of the Reverend Hannah Howell. He died on January 21st at the age of 81. In the news this week, the cybersecurity breach at Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield has occupied the attention of the nation these last few days, including officials of the United Church of Christ. Although Highmark Blue Cross Blue Shield, not Anthem, services the denomination's health care plan, it turns out that the two companies process claims cooperatively. Staff at Anthem, Highmark and the pension boards of the UCC are still working to determine how much information about health care plan members may have been compromised. They warn those covered by the plan to be very cautious about responding to communications about the situation. Anthem has announced that they will only communicate with affected individuals by postal mail. Emails or telephone calls purporting to be from them are most likely attempts to exploit the situation further. On March 7th, members and friends of the First Church of Christ Congregational UCC in Farmington, founded in 1652, will take part in Valley Volunteer Day. Participants will do chores and cleaning for elderly or disabled neighbors. Will join in sing-alongs and games at local housing units or assemble gift baskets to be distributed later. They ask people to sign up by February 22nd by calling the church office at<PHONE_NUMBER>. For more on these stories and all the current headlines, visit us at ctucc.org slash news. There are still openings for the March 6th through 8th confirmation retreat at Silver Lake. Sign your group up soon while there is space for you. The next Stepping Stones event will cover church asset mapping for faith formation on February 26th in Milford. Rami Rami Shapiro will lead a two-day retreat on Perennial Wisdom, February 27th and 28th in West Hartford. Learn about radical hospitality with youth in a Stepping Stones Workshop March 9th in South Glastonbury. Learn more about all the upcoming Stepping Stones workshops at ctucc.org slash Stepping Stones. Clergy and laypeople have a unique opportunity to learn about the ethics of ministry and church life with the UCC's general counsel Don Clark. There's a workshop for Clergy the morning of the 13th in Southington and a performance of Clergy Ethics the Musical that evening in South Glastonbury. On Saturday the 14th Don Clark will lead a workshop on governing boards and safe conduct policies for church lay leaders in Middlefield. Young people have an opportunity to prepare to be a counselor in training at Silver Lake with a weekend conference March 13th through 15th. Registration is open for Super Saturday. This day of workshops features keynote speaker the Reverend Ruben Duran who works on promoting new church development for the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. This joint venture with the Massachusetts Conference will be held March 21st in Ludlow, Massachusetts. The women's yoga and spirit retreat is at Silver Lake March 27th through the 29th as is the maple sugaring weekend. Stepping Stones offers part one of keeping our churches safe on April 9th in Hartford. Registration is also open for stewardship in the changing church from consumerism to generosity. This year's ecumenical stewardship event which runs April 17th and 18th in Boxborough, Massachusetts. Silver Lake's spring action weekend is May 1st through 3rd at our outdoor ministry center in Sharon and the conference youth revival is May 3rd in Bloomfield. To learn more about these events or to register visit us at ctucc.org slash events. Our spirited Wednesday thought comes from the Reverend Donna Monacchio associate pastor at the Asylum Hill Congregational Church UCC in Hartford. She notes that the transfiguration event was enough to stun anyone into silence except of course for the irrepressible Simon Peter and today our world is even more filled with words than Jesus was. She writes how and when might we hear God speak if we let go of some of our words and the words of others and simply rest in the amazing and awesome divine power? What if we responded to fear and uncertainty with silence instead of a steady stream of words? We just might discover that we too will be transfigured and changed by grace and love. And that brings this conference cast to a close. Thanks to Cecile Gilson for her reflection and to GarageBand for our music. Primary funding for conference cast comes from your congregation's gifts to our church's wider mission basic support changing lives through the United Church of Christ. This is Eric Anderson the associate conference minister for proclamation identity and communication for the Connecticut Conference of the United Church of Christ praying that your days this week may be filled with the presence the guidance and the grace of God.


on muscles of the upper limb. In this session, we will be learning about the muscles of the hand. You see, muscles of the hand, they are in all 20 in number. You can group them into groups of four. There are four 3-nar muscles, four hypotenar muscles, four lumbaricals, four palmar introscii and four dorsal introscii. So, these 20 muscles will be covering in this particular session. So let's start with the 3-nar muscles first. In muscles of the hand, we need not remember all the attachments of the muscles like as we do for the muscles of the forearm, the remaining of the upper limb. In muscles of the hand, we at least need to remember the names of the muscles and the approximate location of those muscles. So, 3-nar muscles, these are four in number, abductor policies, abductor policies, bravis, flexor policies, bravis and opponent policies. So, how we can easily remember these four muscles? We can remember four actions of the thumb. Which four actions? So, you can do these actions as I am speaking. Adduction, abduction, flexion and opposition. These four actions, if you remember, then you can correlate and easily remember the names of the muscles. The muscles are four in number, but these three muscles are together included in the 3-nar eminence. These three muscles are included in 3-nar eminence. Abductor policies, bravis, flexor policies, bravis and opponent policies. Adductor policies is a deep muscle. It's not like included in the 3-nar eminence. So, to identify these muscles, in the superficial part, there are two muscles which are seen. Abductor policies, bravis is on the lateral aspect, flexor policies, bravis is on the medial aspect. When we retract these two muscles in a deeper plane, a muscle will be seen. Here, this is opponent's policies. This is opponent's and horizontal muscle, which is seen here, has got a transverse head and an oblique head. This muscle is adductor policies. We are the 3-nar muscles. Let's try to identify these muscles in the dissected image. This muscle here is abductor policies, bravis. This muscle is flexor policies, bravis. If we retract these two muscles, the muscle lying deep will be opponent's policies. Here, this muscle, which we can see, this is adductor policies, the transverse head and oblique head. This is adductor policies muscle. Now, let's cover the hypothenor muscles as well as the lumbaricals. Hypothenor muscles are seen here on the medial side. In hypothenor muscles, the muscles are towards the little finger. That's why digite minimi comes in the name. That is, abductor digite minimi, flexor digite minimi, opponent's digite minimi. As well as, there is one superficial muscle just beneath the skin in this region. That is, parmaris bravis muscle. So, remember, these muscles also, we can remember, actions of this little finger, abduction, flexion and opposition. So, three muscles are seen in the image and one muscle is just beneath the skin. That is, parmaris bravis. Then, let's see the lumbaricals. Lumbaricals are four in number. They are attached on to the tendons of the flexor digitorum propandus muscle. This is the first lumbaricals, second, third and fourth. If you carefully see, the first and the second lumbaricals are unipinate muscles. The third and the fourth lumbaricals are bipinate muscles. Distal attachment, it goes up to the dorsal digital expansion. Now, supply of lumbaricals is such that the first and the second lumbaricals, which are on the lateral aspect, those are supplied by the median nerve. And the third and the fourth lumbaricals, which are on the medial aspect, those are supplied by the ulnar nerve. Because as you all know, the flexor digitorum propandus muscle, its lateral half is supplied by median nerve and the medial half is supplied by the ulnar nerve. Okay. Similarly, it carries forward for the lumbaricals as well. For hypothenar muscles, all are supplied by the ulnar nerve. Maximum muscles in the hand are supplied by ulnar nerve. Only few of them are supplied by median nerve, which I'll list out at the end of the session. Let's see dissected images of these muscles. Here, these muscles are the hypothenar muscles. This is adductor digitiminimine. This is flexor digitiminimine. Opponents digitiminimine will be a little in a little deeper plane. Okay. And with the skin, the parmaris bravis muscle has been gone. Okay. And these muscles, which you can see, these are the lumbaricals. Lumbaricals means worm-like muscles. Okay. These are the first lumbaricals, second, third and fourth. Lumbaricals, the proximal attachment is on the tendons of the flexor digitorum propandus muscle. Distal attachment, it goes up to the dorsal digital expansion. Now, let's cover the other set of muscles, the parmarintrosiae and the dorsal introsiae. Parmarintrosiae will be seen more clearly on the anterior aspect. Dorsal introsiae will be seen more clearly from the posterior aspect. Okay. In this image, we can see the parmarintrosiae. This first, second, third and fourth. There is no parmarintrosiae which is attached on to the middle metacarpal. Okay. Because this is the axis of movement. The movements caused by these muscles are adduction and abduction. For hand adduction and abduction, the axis is towards the middle finger. Okay. Movement towards the middle finger is adduction. Movement away from the middle finger is abduction. Parmarintrosiae causes adduction. You can remember pad. And dorsal introsiae causes abduction. You can remember dab. Okay. Dorsal introsiae is for abduction. Parmarintrosiae is for adduction. In this image, we can see the dorsal introsiae. Dorsal introsiae are bipinate muscles arising from the adjacent metacarpals. Distal attachment, it goes up to the base of the proximal phylinx as well as onto the dorsal digital expansion. And all muscles are supplied by ulnar nerve. Action of these lumbaricals and introsiae are such that they cause flexion of the metacarpal phylinx joint and extension at the interphylinx joint. Okay. So, when they are paralysed, opposite action occurs which leads to clinical conditions is called as claw hand. In claw hand, there is hyper extension of the metacarpal phylinx joint and flexion of the interphylinx joint. Exactly opposite the actions of these introsiae and lumbaricals. Okay. Let's see the dissected images of parmarintrosiae and dorsal introsiae. These are the parmarintrosiae. As you can see, there is no parmarintrosiae attached down to the middle metacarpal. Okay. And these are the dorsal introsiae. Let's summarize what we have covered in this session. So, in all, as you all know, there are 20 muscles grouped into groups of four, four-thiner, four-hypothiner, lumbaricals, parmarintrosiae and dorsal introsiae. Okay. Each of them are four in number and the nerve supply of these muscles is such that 16 and a half is supplied by ulnar nerve and four and a half is supplied by median nerve. Okay. So, if you remember this four and a half part, then remaining muscles we can add on to the ulnar nerve. So, what is this half-half? Half-half is from the flexor-polisus bravis muscle. Okay. Flexor-polisus bravis is a hybrid muscle supplied by both median nerve and ulnar nerve and which are the other four muscles which are supplied by median nerve. Two are the lumbaricals. First and the second lumbaricals are supplied by median nerve and there are two muscles in the tinar eminence, opponent's policies and abductor policies bravis. Okay. Abductor policies bravis, opponent's policies, these are two other muscles. These two and these two lumbaricals and half of flexor policies bravis. Only this much in the hand is supplied by median nerve. That's all muscles are supplied by ulnar nerve. For lumbaricals, parmarintrosiae actions are very important because they get affected in a clinical condition is called as clump case paralysis. So, actions of lumbaricals, parmarintrosiae and dorsal introsiae are flexion of the metagarpopalangell joint and extension of the interpalangell joint and exactly opposite will occur in a clinical condition is called as claw hand due to the lower trunk of the rachial flexor injury called as clump case paralysis. In claw hand what occurs? Hyper extension of the metagarpopalangell joint and flexion of the interpalangell joint. Okay. So, all these occur in claw hand. So, this was all about this particular session. If you all have any doubts, then you all can ask in the comments section below. Okay. Thank you.