Hi, I'm Peter Rogan, and I'm here with John Mccockey and Ben Shirley from Western University in Ontario, and these are my co-authors on the paper, Prediction of Mutant mRNA Splice Isoforms by Information Theory-Based Exxon Definition. mRNA processing mutations are responsible for a wide range of human diseases. Information theory-based software tools have been useful in interpreting non-coding sequence variation within functional splice sequence elements such as splice sites and is capable of distinguishing null from partially functional alleles. Information content is defined as the number of choices needed to describe a sequence pattern using a logarithmic scale. A set of either donor or acceptor splice junction recognition sites are aligned and the frequency of bases at each position are determined. The information content of a sequence is known as its RI, which measures binding affinity in bits, where one bit change represents a minimum two-fold decrease in binding affinity. The automatic splice site analysis server, or ASSA, was developed to allow users to determine changes in RI values that result from mutations at splice sites and splicing regulatory elements. Today, we are introducing the automatic splice site and exon definition analysis server, or ACETA, which performs all of the ASSA server's functions but also predicts molecular phenotypes based on changes in RI total. RI total is the total information content of an exon and is the sum of the RI values for its donor and acceptor splice sites adjusted for the self-information of the distance separating these sites, the gap sprisal. Differences between total exon information contents are predictive of the relative abundance of these exons in distinct processed mRNAs. The equation allows any number of sites to be considered in exon definition. However, the transcriptome-wide distribution between each additional site and the constitutive splice site that it impacts has to be determined. This enabled us to develop exon definition models that incorporate regulatory as well as constitutive splice sites, as I will describe later. Here is an example BRCA1 mutation, found in the plus one position of exon 20's natural donor. As you would expect from a plus one donor mutation, the natural site is abolished. There are two predicted cryptic exons, one 87 and another 133 nucleotides downstream from the affected donor site. The 87 nucleotide splice form, which is much stronger and ranked first, has been detected in wet lab experiments, along with exon skipping. Acida also gives the user a visual representation of the predicted splice forms, as well as a 3D plot which visually illustrates the difference in the predictive relative abundance between splice forms before and after the mutation. Splicing enhancers and repressors can also have a direct impact on splicing. The ASA featured weight matrices SF2ASF, SRP40, and SC35, and we've recently added SRP55 and HRNPH2ACIDA. By default, the exon definition feature of ACIDA does not take these splicing elements into account, though you can activate SF2ASF and SC35 in the options menu. As this option can skew your results if no splicing regulatory element is involved, we suggest activating this feature only if you suspect one has an effect. SMN1 and SMN2 are two genes that are near identical, but there is a crucial nucleotide difference in an SF2ASF site which leads to an increase in exon 7 skipping. We use this feature to show that there is a 5.7-bit difference between SMN1 and SMN2, which explains the skipping. ACIDA has a high overall sensitivity and specificity for constitutive and splicing regulatory mutations. In our supplementary section of our manuscript, we have several tables that list published splicing mutations that have been annotated using wet lab techniques. ACIDA has over an 85% concordance rate with the 61 listed splicing mutations, correctly predicting the weakened natural splice site and any activated cryptic exons. Out of 35 mutations that activated a cryptic site, in supplementary table S2 and S3, 25 were ranked first, 7 more in the top 6, and only 3 were lower ranked or not predicted at all. While the ACIDA server presents results for individual mutations, then we'll introduce software that we have recently developed for information theory-based splicing mutation analysis using the genome scale data. Our lab has recently released companion software called the Shannon Human Splicing Pipeline, which analyzes splicing mutations in large next-generation sequencing data sets by information analysis. It is available through the CLC Bioworkbench and has the ability to analyze millions of mutations in just a few hours. Simply import a VCF file and run the pipeline. We will receive results as annotated tables, Manhattan style plots, as well as custom tracks. Once again, the URL for ACIDA is splice.uwo.ca. We thank you for your time, and we hope you can make use of this resource to better understand your experimental results.


My team consists of Aayushi Rastogi from NIT Jamshedpur and myself Anishwari Monsi from IIT Guwahati. We are in charge of the course definition, course creation and instantiation module in the TQ website. A brief introduction, as Avinash sir had already pointed out. It's basically if a movie is being shown at theatre and it's shown multiple times, we need to create a definition for the movie. Similarly, a course template is created only once and then instances are created of it. So for this purpose, we are having this module. So initially we create or manage pilot FTPs. So this is the form. We are just showing presentations for the moment. So the new feature in this is earlier in the old enemy ICT site, there were many redundant fields. So to prevent all that, we have an add custom field. So this add custom field allows a wide variety of fields to be added for any particular workshop. So then these are the same old fields as the enemy ICT site. We are not going through these and also a course key in IIT Bombay X. This is very important because this will uniquely define the course in IIT Bombay X when later shipped. Basically when the template is created, later on the same template will go to the IIT Bombay X sandbox server. After that content will be defined and then moved exported to the main production server. So for this purpose, these fields are required. So after defining these, we can submit the form and then after creating the FTP, we need to define its grading policy. So we choose the FTP, we define the grading policy, category weightages, then assessment types. Similar to template, again define the assessment type and instantiate them. You can delete them and also this is for the face to face. So after you submit this, this is where a new feature comes in. We automatically insert the course into the sandbox server. For this, we created a course creation API. So now Ayush will take over. Once defined, a course definition is safe for replication and further more instances can be created. So a course definition is portable across various instances and each starting on a new date. So we have in the dropdown, different pilot workshops and one can be chosen and all the instances already created will be shown in a tabular form. Whenever we want to add any new instance, we'll click on the add instance button and we'll be able to do that. Now if we need to modify any instance, we'll just click on that instance. It will take us to the managing instances page. We also have managing announcements feature where the principal course delivery manager can choose to make that announcement visible to the public or not. Coming to the program schedule, the principal course delivery manager is able to create program schedules for the face to face sessions via two mechanisms. One is through the software means and the other one is by an Excel upload. The principal course delivery manager can also view the schedule and can manipulate by updating and deleting feature. The admin can also view the configuration tables, cities and institute heads and can manage them. Thank you. There is something like grading policies. What kind of grading actually it supports for? We have defined the category weightages online and face to face. The marks are given manually or system will give them. From edX, we can get it directly. Rajdeep will explain that in the certificate module later on. But for the face to face, yes, we'll have to enter it manually. The final grade will be the absolute grading, relative grading or Gaussian analysis. Whether you have implemented any algorithm for grading the student? No, sir. I mean it's just intervals, 90 to 100, 82. So it is absolute grading? Yes. No, but the intervals can be fixed by the... Yes, that is flexible. Okay. Thanks. Thank you.


you Aaron Boone said you guys are preparing and putting in the work but why do you think you still aren't getting the results that you'd like I mean we we're trying to compete every day every day we play against anything they come in to play too so it's a sapphire every day it's a preparation every day that we do we always trying to to to go there and bring that 100% effort what do you think this team needs to do or what can you do to respond in a positive way and start getting some wins yeah I mean doing the little things as that's the way we gonna win those game and we that's we are trying to do every single day Matthew Robertson you have the next question hi Gio I certainly don't want to make light of the situation because the angel said that Bundy had exhaustion but I'm just curious have you ever seen a player throw up on the field like that no my first time feel bad for him he was preaching there and I don't really what happened but that's that's no that's not good for him I hope it's okay Peter body you have the next question are you surprised by the this sloppiness you guys continue to have on the defensive side another couple of mistakes defensively tonight what was that was it are you surprised by the kind of defensive sloppiness that you guys have had these last few games you guys have been playing better defensively and tonight you made a couple you guys made a couple of mistakes defensively when they made an error over through a ball I mean we humans gonna make arrows regardless of we just trying to to make the play arrows that's that's part of the of the game we trying to do the best we can


Hi, my name is Vijay Sharma and I'm a Product Manager for Microsoft OneNote Team. Today in this video, I'm going to talk about OneNote APIs for Office 365. I'll talk about how you can use APIs and show you a quick demo of an application that uses OneNote APIs and see some code behind. Lastly, we will talk about OneNote Teams Roadmap for Developers. All right, I am very glad to announce the general availability of OneNote APIs for Office 365. Starting today, you can now write apps that can access OneNote notebooks stored in OneDrive for business, SharePoint site hosted notebooks and notebooks in Office 365 groups. Now, we already have the consumer version of OneNote APIs. The new version of OneNote APIs for Office 365 brings parity with the consumer APIs. This is a great opportunity for developers. The Office 365 market is growing at a very fast pace and these APIs enable developers to build apps for a vast majority of businesses and educational institutions that use Office. Now, this is a high-level architecture of OneNote REST API. With OneNote API, you can use Post to create notebooks, section, section groups and pages. You can call Get to get the notebook hierarchy, pages and page content. You can also use Update to update a page and delete a page. I will walk you through each of these APIs and then show you a quick demo of how to use APIs. Now, before we start looking at the code, I just want to give you a quick reminder that you need to register your app with Office 365 before using the APIs. You can find instructions to register your app at a connect site aka.ms-onenote-connect-2015. Now, here is how you create a page in OneNote. This is a simple HTML that you can post to create a page in OneNote. What you see here is a body, which in this case contains a header and an image. When you post this HTML to OneNote, it will create a simple page in OneNote with the title and the image. Now, OneNote has a hierarchical structure. You have notebooks under that here are section groups, under that here are sections and then pages. Here is how you get the notebook hierarchy. You can use the notebook's endpoint to get all of the user's notebooks. Similarly, you can use the section group's endpoint to get all the section groups of the user and sections endpoint to get all the sections. But if you want to avoid making a separate network call to get notebooks and sections and section groups, you can just use expand at the very bottom of the screen to get entire hierarchy in one network call. Now, here is how you get a page. Now, for getting a page, you can also pass filters to get the most recently modified pages. Now, to update a page, you need to first get the page content and pass in the include IDs parameter set to true. What this would do is this will assign an ID to each element in the content and then you can use these IDs to update that element in the page. Now, let's switch to a demo and see the code in action. All right, to demo these APIs, let's first look at a business problem. I travel a lot and meet a lot of customers. I exchange business card with the customers and end up having a lot of business cards. So how can I organize my business cards? I'm going to use my Office Lens app to scan a business card and save it to my notebook stored in OneDrive for business. Okay, I'm going to use the Office Lens app to scan the business card and save it into my notebook. Here I scan the business card and then I save it into my notebook in a section called business cards. I save it over here. Now, I was already logged into my Office 365 account and this business card should get saved into my Office 365 notebook. Now, let's flip over to my notebook where I save this business card. You see there's an image of the business card and you also see some useful information like email, phone number, et cetera. OneNote actually extracted this information from my business card and saved a VCF file in my page. This is very useful information. I can then add my notes to this contact, additional meeting notes, and save images right here in OneNote. Now, let's look at the code in Visual Studio. Here's a sample code that creates a OneNote page using the post APIs. First, I do create an HTTP client, set the default header, and set up the authentication. We are going to use OAuth authentication and set that as a bearer token. Here's a simple HTML that contains the image of the business card. Notice that I have a div where I set the data render method to extract and provide a source image. What this does is it tells OneNote to extract useful information from the image and the API will analyze the image and see if it's a business card or a recipe or a news article and extract relevant information from the image. This is very, very powerful. Now, here is the post method of the HTML. Now, here I post the HTML to a section in my notebook by specifying the full URL of the URL path and a multi-part content with the HTML and the binary of the image. I then post it async and it will create a new page in OneNote to extract the business card from the image. So, this is how you create content in OneNote. Now, this stuff was pretty useful. But wait, there is more. What else can you do with the content saved in OneNote? What if I want to send a quick email to one of my contacts after the meeting? So, let's switch to Outlook and see if we can send an email to my contact. Now, OneNote team built a sample add-in for Outlook that goes over all your notebooks, sections and pages, and extracts business cards from my notebooks and shows them as a contacts right over here. So, let's fire off this add-in and it will bring all my contacts into OneNote. So, you see all my contacts are over here and I can start writing email to my contacts. Now, this information was very useful. Imagine you meet somebody, you scan their business card and put into OneNote. You can start writing email to them within five minutes. Now, let's look at the code behind these APIs. Here is some JavaScript code to call the OneNote REST API to get the nodes and sections. I'm going to use the expand to get all the notebooks, sections and pages in one network call. Once I get the pages, I want to get the page content. Here I call the page content API and pass in the section ID and page ID to get the page content. Once I get the page content, I walk through the HTML and see if the page contains a VCF file as an attachment. If there is an attachment, I extract the email and name from the card and show it in my user interface. This was pretty simple but very useful. Now, in our demo, we use the OneNote REST API endpoint to perform operations on notebooks. You can also use a Converge endpoint at graph.microsoft.com to access OneNote notebooks. Microsoft Graph is a single converged endpoint to access information about users, groups, files, messages, calendar, contacts, tasks and notes all under the same roof. Now, the Graph API for OneNote are currently in preview and should be available next year. So, what's next from OneNote team? We are currently working on enabling live OneNote pages embedded on a website. This allows you to embed OneNote pages in your website. Users can then take notes in OneNote right from within your website. That would be really cool. We are also working on OneNote add-ins. This will allow you to build add-ins for OneNote and publish them on Office Store. Lastly, we are also working on tools to showcase apps and also some more samples. Now, if you have some suggestions, please reach out to us on our OneNote user voice page and let us know what you need. Now, I'm sure by now you must be really excited to see all the opportunities with OneNote APIs. For more information related to OneNote APIs, please go to dev.oneNote.com and get all the documentation, code samples, videos and blogs. Please engage with us on Stack Overflow or Twitter. Let us know what cool apps that you're building and thank you so much.


Llyr, so we're just about to arrive at our hotel for the evening. I've just travelled five hours the day before we were due to film because unfortunately we've reduced daylight. We have to come the day before, stop somewhere and then we've got a full date tomorrow morning. The problem is right now, is the forecast for tomorrow is not looking good at all. So I'm really worried that we've made a five hour journey that will be completely wasted. Anyway let's stay positive and we'll get checked into the hotel get somewhere to eat, get a good night's sleep, Penau bydd yn fawr ar y dyma, ffynol Hau ddim o'r gyda iaith ac yna ddim yn ei wathoddiad y tro. Mae'n gyd-dellir o'r ffordd o gwzgylchedd arlawn 7 a ffordd o'r ffordd o'r gweithio, mae'r ffodg yn oblod y gyda d 중국 yn gyflach o'r ffawr, ac oes gennym i chi'n gwybodaeth, mae'n gyd-dellir oherwydd mae'n gyd-dellir i gyd-dellir, mae'n gwybodaeth o'n gyd-dellir i gynodd, mae'n gwlad eu telfo o'r clyw o'r oeddiad. mae'n fwyllt o'r lluniau. O'r bwysig fod yn y pwysig, y dyfodol, y dyfodol yw'r fwyllt o'r fwyllt, mae'r bwysig yn ymwneud yn y fawr i fynd ymgwrs, oherwydd mae'n fawr i fynd o'n bwysig o ddisselwch. Mae'n fawr i'r fawr i'r fawr i fynd o'r fawr i fynd i'r gweithio. Felly, mae'r optimus yn fwy oedd yn fawr am gweithiol yn ei ddefnyddio'r fawr i fynd y fawr yn fawr i fynd yw'r fawr. Ac o'n gweld yr Feiddol, dyna'n cymryd ar gyfer einôl ar y cwrdd yma. Ac oedd oedd gennych yn gwybod i'w meddwl o bob ymgynghorig yn gwirioneddol a'r meddwl, ac mae'n meddwl eich meddwl yn y gwirionedd. Mae'r cyfeildio y dyma yn gwybod i'w meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl a'r meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl, ac mae'n meddwl i'w mas gweithio mynd i gwirionedd a chanol i gyd pan gweithio.  Yn hynny, mae'n athol fnwysig oherwydd eich dda, ac eich ddydd yn rhaid o'r holl ffarcyn nhw i chi'n gweld gwirionedd ynghyd yn blaen. Mae'r roi. Mae gennynter. Y peth yn cechio. Rydyn ni'n fyddechrau. Weíre just literally, Iím only facing 3 holes but Iím just looking around me. Incredible. Condition is unbelievable as well as is the pace of the greens I cannot tell you how good I went up and down I was. Dwi'n cael gan上面 rydych yn fwy cynno, wrth gwrs, neu yn ysgrifft hynny yn ei wneud nesaf ei iawn i'w gofyn y bydd yn rhan gwell. Rydyn ni'n meddwl i'w mlyneddol yn ysgrifft o ysgrifft, ac roeddwn i'n meddwl 노래�u byddiol byddiol a ddefnyddio'r gwrdd. Rydyn ni'n meddwl hills hynny, ac oes genny'n gael, mae gennym i ddweud hynny. Rydyn y pethyn yn gwybod mwy o'i gwneud. If the camera lady's got that on the mannist to capture that I'll be delighted. It's probably the best iron shot of it all day. This has still got a fair old swing in it. But I'd love to make birdie after that iron shot. Come on. Turn, turn, turn, turn, turn. Yes! Get in! I just hope you've got that iron shot on camera. I'm just going to stop and say well done to Trace behind the camera because we've just had a little watch back. It's one of the best camera work I've ever seen. It's an amazing job and I think it's an apt moment to run the photo competition. And don't forget it's either Tracey or Andy in the comments section down below. And as you can see from some of those photos, the fog lifted and the sun cast a near perfect light over the links at Gossick. The James Brady design is an open qualifying venue situated on the northeast of England. And as you can see is a landscape that provides a truly authentic links experience. As incredible as Gossick might be, they have no desire to rest on their laurels and new phase of improvement is on the way with the help of the renowned course designers MacKenzie and Ebert. I look forward to witnessing this exciting phase for the club and its future. So whilst we admire the beauty of Gossick, I'd just like to reflect on the feedback from all of you on a recent change in content type. It has been overwhelming and apart from the fact that I'm genuinely grateful for all those comments, and also relieved that you approved this change. It also encouraged me to get out there when it's easier not to. There's a huge effort required to film these episodes and doing so in two or three degrees C is even more challenging. But do not underestimate the value of your comments and how they inspire me and my wife to continue through this period. And I hope in some way inspire and motivate others to keep getting out there. So the stretch really from the 10th ball in particular 12 really great hole and now 13. Playing off the match quite a long way forward, the tee box is from further back must be pretty special in full conditions. I'm still playing 170 to what is a back paint classic Lynx par 3. And in this light just looks absolutely stunning. The question is what iron are you going to play on? I such clever design though, isn't it?  Where is the miss? The munkers left or wanting my ball. We're going six iron. Come on. Hopefully you've got the ball flight. Yeah, bit cautious. Hopefully the back camera picked it up on the front side of the green. It was like a three quarter six iron and definitely should have given it a little bit more to be honest with you, but what a little par 3. We stayed in the nearby Marshall Meadows Manor House, the Georgian House sat in an elevator position providing some stunning sea views. The room was excellent and the food was superb, especially the breakfast, which was one of the best starts of the day I'd had for some time. I also noticed they had some luxury pods in the ground for something a little bit different. The hotel was just a 15 minute drive from Gossick. High 15, another stunning par 3. We're only playing 120 down into the basin. That's not a bad backdrop though, is it? I sense in a basin it's got like two bunkers left, bunkers right. I'm going to go with a wedge, but I've got a bit of wind, so I want it like a half a shot and try and use the back part of the green as some form of backstop. It sounds like I know what I'm on about. Right, I'm going to leave it there before we get to the closing holes, which will ultimately be in pretty much darkness. The sun is going down and incredible back nine. The sun and the light was amazing. I didn't film or talk as much as I would have normally done because we had a few games behind us, but a water place. I just cannot tell you how good Gossick it is as a golf club, as a golf course. And quite honestly, it's probably gone right into my top 10 without doubt of courses I've ever played, loved the place. I wouldn't say it's underrated, but I've certainly not expected it to be just as good as it was. And I've got to thank you a lot, like I said, for getting me out here. I'll see you next week.


Hello everyone, welcome to the Narc Survival YouTube channel. Before I begin, please hit that thumbs up button down below to help to support our community. People narcissists cannot tolerate. Narcissists cannot be around healthy people or functional behaviour for a long period of time. A healthy person is one who is in a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Some examples of this may be a person who doesn't drink alcohol or smoke. They are at a healthy weight and they eat a balanced diet. They think in a positive way by expressing optimism, agreement and acceptance. And they're happy and comfortable because nothing is boring in them. So that's what a healthy person is. As for functional social behaviour that would include healthy communication, cooperation, tolerance, acceptance, respect, empathy, loyalty, love, play and humour. Which of course are all things that we should encourage and promote in our society. But these are all things that narcissists cannot tolerate. They're things that they cannot allow the existence, occurrence or practice of without interference. Because it repulses them. It makes them feel sick. Because they are anything but normal or functional. A normal functional person can process and communicate their emotions effectively. Because they're able to acknowledge their feelings and share them with each other. Which means that they both recognise and accept how each other feels. And this is normal, good and healthy. But to the narcissist it may be something that they see as a disturbance or problem. Because it's something that they can't do. They can't be around healthy people for a long period of time. They can for a short time. As long as they're able to manipulate and control them. Because otherwise people are quickly going to detect what is wrong with an narcissist. Even if they don't already know what is wrong. They will just intuitively know because information is always being conveyed. So they will feel muscle tightness in their solar plexus area or in their gut. And they may experience stomach nausea or sweaty palms. Because at some point they will sense that they're dealing with an empty shell. Avoid. Someone who likes to control everyone and everything around them. Someone who needs things to go their way. Which is an impossible situation. Things cannot develop or progress with a narcissist. People just end up being sucked into the void. And then they feel drained and lifeless by the end of it. Because narcissists have no respect for people's free will. Which is why when people are interacting with them. They may have difficulty breathing. They may freeze. They may feel like movement is difficult or not possible. As though something is preventing or inhibiting their occurrence or development. Because that's exactly what narcissists do. They suffocate people. They make them feel trapped and oppressed. To where people can't even be themselves. Because even if you're just at peace with yourself. And you're minding your own business.  Because they just can't be around normal healthy people.   They try to suppress it but it then comes out in their inappropriate behaviors. Because they're more damaged and afraid than their own victims. It's just that they're better at hiding it. Or they will find a way to pass that energy on to someone else. And make them identify with it. They are shame based people who are doing everything they can to avoid reflecting on their shame. Which means that they are constantly discerning parts of themselves that they don't like. And assigning them to other people. So they really have no true identity or self of their own. They just spit some pieces of whatever they've picked up from other people. And when people are interacted with them. They will often detect it. They will feel like they're being sucked into a black hole. Or as though they're sinking in quicksand. But narcissists are also instinctive. And they will recognize when they can't get anything from certain people. Because they're usually quite good at investigating and examining who is going to be a suitable candidate for abuse. And it's determined by who they think they're going to be able to control. Because that's all they're really trying to do. They need to have someone who they can control at all times. Someone who is under their influence and within their possession. Which they can then use as a standard for comparison. Where they can determine and supervise their behaviour. To learn what makes them tick. What they like and dislike. Their feelings, opinions and concerns. So that they can then have the power to influence and correct their target's behaviour. And the course of events. And keep them in a constant state of reactivity. So that it validates the narcissists illusions. Of themselves being all-knowing. All-powerful. And the source of all moral authority. So they're pretty much just seeking out someone who will make them feel like a god. And if they don't get that. Then in their minds something is wrong. But they can cope with it for a short period of time. Although they really don't like it when people are not willing to put up with them. Because it's not something they're used to. Usually narcissists do hold the power in any given situation. And people do change themselves and bend over backwards to please them. So when someone doesn't do that. It really catches them off guard. Because it's not something they're used to. But if they're in a public setting they may just bite their tongue. And then take it out on their nearest and dearest when they get home. Because free speech. Or freedom of expression. Where people are open with each other. Can not exist around the narcissist. No one can express their opinions without censorship or restraint. Or without deleting certain parts of it. So there is no freedom or empowerment in that type of environment. And in fact it just imprisons people in a state of weakness and low self-esteem. Because they're made to feel like they're not good enough to control their own lives. Or to claim their own rights. As though they have to be told what to say or what to do. Which means that any open communication is destroyed. Because the narcissist specifically targets enablers who lack the potential to prevent them from destroying it. Which then gives them the ability to remove anything that is functional that they don't like. Such as personal boundaries and privacy. Because without that it prevents you from becoming the captain of your own ship. Or from leading your own life. And instead it puts the narcissist in the driving seat. To where they can easily manipulate and abuse you. And get you to bend to their will. Where they will force or persuade you to do what they want or to accept their opinions. Which they will blame you for at a later date. Because they don't really care about anything. Other than being able to access you and mess with you. If you found this video helpful so far please do give it a thumbs up down below. Thank you. So they can't be any rules. And they can't be held accountable for anything. Or obligated to do anything. Because otherwise they can't get their supply. And you will find that the more supply they get from you. The more it begins to affect your self-esteem. While the better you feel the worse off they feel. If you feel good they feel bad. Because that means they have less control. But if they're able to manipulate and control the environment. There's going to be a lot of negativity. A lot of drama and chaos.  As they are trying to maintain control over their subordinates and opponents. By encouraging disagreement and difference of opinion between them. To prevent them from uniting in opposition against an arsonist. Because that is the last thing they want. They wouldn't know what to do if that ever happened. Because everything that they're trying to avoid or destroy is functional. And harmonious relationships. Where people are connected. Where people feel and behave in a respectful and appropriate way towards each other. And they can change and grow and effectively deal with problems. Which is something that you can do. But they can't. Because they fear that you're just going to better yourself. And leave them behind. So they are terrified of you growing. Changing and improving yourself. Because that then proves to everyone that something is terribly wrong with them. It would be the only possible conclusion. And that is what scares them. But when you realise this. Everything starts to make sense. Because it explains everything. It explains every decision they make with you and other people.  Because it's the only way that they can grow and develop successfully. It's the only way that they can maintain the illusion. Because the illusion has nothing to do with the truth, understanding or cooperation. It has nothing to do with love. It is against that. But it has to maintain the facades in order for it to survive and fool people. Well at the same time it's actually doing the exact opposite. Because it's nothing more than a combination of ideas and features which are opposed to one another. It really doesn't make any sense because it's inconsistent. It's a statement of possession that is opposite to one which was already made. And it's because they already know that something is seriously wrong with them. That's why they hide it and they present it absurd. Because they're trying to look normal. While they continue to thrive in an environment that is dysfunctional. An environment where nothing can grow or develop. But then that's exactly how they want it because they're not normal. They are dysfunctional. So of course they are quite comfortable with the way things are. They don't want anything to change. Because if the environment was healthy and normal. They would be unable to survive. And you would see them act out all the time. Because they're uncomfortable with anything normal. They can't stand it. It just reminds them that it is them. It tells them that they are the problem.  Thank you for watching. If you found this video helpful please give it a thumbs up. Share your thoughts in the comment section. Hit that subscribe button to receive the notifications. And if you would like to support the channel you can donate at paypal.me-nax survivor. You can book a one-on-one with me on my website. It is naxsurviver.co.uk. Thank you all for watching and I will talk to you soon.


This is the third talk, Hackerself, which is the highest record now. Yeah, yeah. Five in the middle.  Anyway, so I was preparing a class for Python beginners, and I wanted to use something interesting that they might find motivating. I thought there's this project that came out a couple years back from Microsoft called Project Malmo. Project Malmo is actually a Minecraft plugin. But it's interesting because it's a Minecraft plugin that comes with Minecraft. So if you install, it's an open source project. So if you install Project Malmo from its GitHub page, you also get a copy of Minecraft. No license required. But you can't play online. But you can play locally. Any case, the idea of Malmo is so that you can create an intelligent agent to play the game for you. But not play the game, the game, in Malmo you can design missions. So there's this XML format that they have created where in the XML format you describe the mission and you can write the, you know, the brain of the agent to solve the mission. So here I think there's this GIF, which is a mission to collect, to walk to the lapis lazoo block. The diamond is just to show you where the block you're supposed to go. So this is sort of a navigation mission. You start off as a certain point, you need to navigate the agent into the target destination. Okay, the problem being that this is a class for Python beginners, but the tutorial they have, so this is from the Malmo repository and this is their Python tutorial. So if you run, they have a PDF tutorial and the tutorial is in Python. So if you go through the tutorial, you have to run this tutorial one, which is a little bit hard for Python beginners, I think. Part of it is because they had to support both Python 2 and 3. You can see from the beginning, the first part is to do with the print statement. But also part of it is to do with sort of handling errors. So a lot of it is to do with, how it works is kind of as a server client architecture. So when you start the plugin, the plugin access a server and then this Python program is the client, you will connect and talk to the server. And then there's this C++ library at the back end that does the communications. So this is the Python wrapper around the C++ library. Yeah, so there's a lot of this error handling and then restart, if you connect to the server and then you need to wait, because when you connect to the server, it's got to build the level. You can instantiate all the blocks that takes a bit of time. So you got to wait until the world is ready. And then when the world is finally ready, then you can run your mission, which is the last part while the mission is running. And so when you get the world state, that is the observation, that is how the agent observes the world and then you perform your actions, right? The classic sense, plan, and act loop of agents. As you can see, this is like already, okay, but minus the big license at the beginning is quite a lot of code for a beginner. So the goal of the library really is to make it much easier. So let me show you the end result anyway. So this is the one. The goal is something like this, which is a little bit better, I hope. So we just load the mission, say which mission XML, and I think this is the really neat part. So instead of this while loop and all that to get the observations, we just use the standard Python iteration. So we iterate over the sequence of iterations, the sequence of observations, and then we inspect the observations. In this case, we're checking the floor. Is it air or is it not air? This is the left-hand rule. So you can do simple actions like move, dot move, and dot turn left. I think in original Malmo, it's not a tutorial. You had to do like the API is something called send command. So you say send command and give it a string. So send command string move one means move forward. And then I think something like turn minus one means turn left, and turn one means turn right, which is again a little hard for people to remember and type the string correctly and so on. So in the library, I just made it into like a single function. So like just turn left and turn right, literally, instead of saying turn minus one, which was the original C++ API. Yep, and then what else? Yep, that's pretty much it actually. So currently at this point, this is built mainly to support the course I was doing. So it doesn't have all the support for the full C++ API, because actually this also supports things like the continuous mode. So if you ever played Minecraft, you actually know that when you move, like you press W, it doesn't move in chunks of one meter. It actually moves in sort of like a car, right? But if you notice in this screenshot, actually it moves sort of in the discrete chunk, because I felt that for the course for Python beginners, it's easier to have them move and you move just like one unit and see how to remember like move and then stop moving after five seconds, because like a car, you would do that, right?  So it doesn't support the continuous mode at this point. So right now it has just the basic abstractions for the ones I was using for the class. So there's always more to do to make it fully compliant with the C++ API. Okay, I think that's almost time, so which is good. It's just 10 seconds for questions. Yes. Question, what does turn zero do? So you said turn one. I have never tried that, but that's a good point, right? So what is zero? I think, I guess it just doesn't do anything if it doesn't matches any of the minus one or one. And I think the non, there's also continuous turns where it changes the angle continuously. So turn one is 90 degrees to the, yeah, 90 degrees to the left. One is 90 degrees to the right. Minus one is 90 degrees to the left, yeah. Don't say it was just like nothing. I guess you can think of it as not turning, right? Because it's not really turning, yeah. There's also move minus one, which moves backwards, but we really had to do move backwards in the missions. Yeah. How have your students found this, like, easier or harder? I think it's okay because I think, I personally think using the library helped a lot because it's a lot shorter. I mean, like, there's not a lot of busy work to do with error handling. I mean, it's all, it's still the same code actually. So I just took, what I did basically is I just took this code and just write Python methods around each of the things. And it's all hidden behind the Python library, right? So they've actually felt it was quite okay. But I guess trying to teach the left-hand rule in like a one-hour workshop was too much. So I guess they didn't really get to the left-hand rule part, yeah. But they could figure out like how to turn and move and stuff like that, yeah. Was the class like just, like, was the point of the, was it like was the goal, the objective of the class to teach them Python or to help them control Minecraft or to use it in one? The class was supposed to be after they did like a Python 101. So they know like Python, like list dictionaries and stuff. So this class was more like an applications class. Like what can we use Python for? So in this particular class I was trying to explain, like you can use Python to control robots. But I didn't want to deal with like hardware. So Project Mammal is sort of like a robot simulator, right? So we simulate this robot in this environment. And the environment's quite rich, as you can see.  So, so it's just that. So in this, I think we're doing different examples. Like maybe you can imagine, like if you could program like a vacuum clean robot, that was one of the examples we had. How would you make it move around so that it covers all the tiles, right? But of course here is simplified. So when you move, you literally always move one meter forward and when you turn, you always turn 90 degrees. In the real world it's much more complicated. But even then we're just, we're focusing on the logical part of it. How would you design the policy of the agent in a logical way? Yeah. Okay, I think that's it. So I think, go check out Project Mammal. It's an open source project, MIT license, I think. Also same as my project, it's also MIT licensed. Yeah. So give it a try. Oh, actually by the way, it's actually meant to be used for, I didn't say, I mean to say a little bit about Project Mammal. It's meant to be used for, it's original design was meant to be used for human robot collaboration. So the idea is that you will have someone who plays it as the human and then you have another program which is the robot and the robot will help the human achieve whatever he was trying to achieve in the mission. That was sort of the grand goal of Project Mammal. This human AI collaborative environment. Do you think it succeeded? Not much. Well yes, because they ran a project which was, they ran a project actually which is to help the human agent corral a pig. So in Minecraft you have this pig. So they had this environment where there was a pig and there was two agents. One was human, one was AI. So the AI had to help the human trap the pig. So the AI had to observe how the human being was moving in the environment, right?  So you can read more about it on the Project Mammal website. I think there was NTU student who won the first place and he published a paper on it. It's called Hock Rider, H-O-G-R-I-D. That's the, that's his agent. You can read out more about that in his paper. Yeah. Right? Okay, thank you. Thank you.


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA the Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. We need to talk about what happened today on FIFA Ultimate Team that a lot of people are talking about and a lot of people are very interested in. And that is the Premier League League Refresh, the SBC that gave us a Felipe Anderson Refreshed version of this SBC today. If you're doing this league SBC, there's no doubt you're gonna take this card as the option for the card that you wanna pick out of the SBC. And that has affected a lot of things on the market today, the price of this SBC, and it's got people thinking about future league SBCs that EA could refresh as well, with a basically another Team of the Season-esque card. Like this is basically the card that he would have gotten probably if he would have gotten a Team of the Season card. He got a plus four boost from his highest inform and his once to watch card. 98 pace, 93 shooting, 91 passing, 96 dribbling, 80 physical. This is a pretty, pretty beast card. He just lacks a little bit in finishing, throw a Ken style on him, get that finishing up. You could definitely play him up top. He'd be like a great left forward. He could be even a left mid, getting up down the side, 66 defense even. 81 interceptions. So you might be able to throw him at center mid as well if you're doing like a four, one, two, one, two with the left mid and the right mid. If you're doing anything with that, that could be a card option for you guys. But I wanna talk a little bit about this SBC. We're gonna look at the price of the SBC and also some possible upcoming possibilities for other league SBCs that could get a refresh as well. As you see here, the Premier League SBC is 526,000 coins right now at the moment. And look at this price increase today. 300,000 coins, just 12 hours before the SBC dropped down here at 300K even. And all of a sudden he is boom, up to 518,000 coins today after the SBC dropped. So much more demand for this SBC because Felipe Anderson is a card that people have used all year. People have been using his special cards, his informs in their teams. I know there's a ton of left wings and left mids in FIFA this year. There's a ton of them. But as I type in his name incorrectly, which is really nice. But this is kind of a card that people have become accustomed to this year. This 88 rated card is in a lot of people's teams and now there's a 92 rated version of that card with a substantial upgrade. It's just a great player that EA gave an upgrade to today. And people love doing league SBCs because you get the packs. And with all the special cards and they're in packs right now with badge two, that is something that people are very passionate about. And they want to open packs. It's the end of FIFA. They want to get the best cards in the game, try them out, have fun with them and do these SBCs and get the packs back because they know they can increase their money that they're getting back for the packs. Whereas if they would have done that SBC when the special cards were not in packs. So I want to take a look at a few of these SBCs individually that have gone up in price a lot today. Even one like this Titanum Hotspur SBC, completed challenges. Let's see the price of this SBC. Look at this SBC, down at 21,000 coins. It's usually chilling about 28, 27, all the way up at 37. So it's 10K more. And I mean for the Spurs SBC all you need is gold cards basically. But the one that really went crazy today is the Manchester City SBC. Look at this going from about 57K. So it was expensive already. I think you needed a couple of silvers and there's just high-rated that you have to put in this squad. 57K all the way up to 90,000 coins which is basically where it sits right now at 86,000 coins. To be brutally honest, a lot of people are overpaying for this SBC and I want to show you why. Look at Gabriel Jesus. His gold card is extinct and his UCL rare item is 27,000 coins and people are actually buying it. If you go to my transfer list, I might still have it here. It's not there anymore. I watched one for 26,000 coins and it got bought. Crazy that people are actually paying that amount for the Gabriel Jesus card just because they need him. You literally have to have that card for the Manchester City League SBC. Another one that is very rare, that is actually extinct right now on the market is Phil Foden. Phil Foden's silver card on this game is extinct at the moment because you do need him or if you don't use him, you have to use like Gabriel Jesus and some other guys to complete that Manchester City SBC. That's why that one is so expensive. But basically all of these SBCs have gone up today. They've all gotten kind of expensive. Even Arsenal, 28,000, 29,000 coins. I mean, look at this one. It was down here at 15, 16,000, 17,000 coins usually around 20K and it boomed right up to about 30K and it's still right around that 30K mark. So a lot of these SBCs went way up in price today. And that's basically because the card that they put in this game, this 92 rated Felipe Anderson, there's a lot of people that want to go out and do this card but it's almost like since this card is now in the game, this League SBC is like the price of that card on the market and the market is going to adjust to that because there's more demand for that player because he's a very good player and if that card was on the market, it probably would be somewhere around a 500K plus range being the popular card that it is. He's Premier League, he's Brazilian, he's got insane stats, he's been a staple this year in FIFA for Premier League left mids, left wings. So that's interesting if you think about it in that way but us as traders we see this and say there's definitely an opportunity to make coins here but I also want to talk about some other possibilities for these League SBCs that could get upgraded. Let's look at a Bundesliga, 250K right now to do the Bundesliga League SBC. A very popular person who could get upgraded from this League SBC if they would choose to do a Bundesliga League upgrade would be a guy like Poulsen. Now imagine if Poulsen got the Bundesliga League SBC refresh for Bundesliga like let's say it refreshed it, they put Poulsen in, they give him a Tots card, 92 or 93 rated Poulsen card comes out in the game, 92 or 93 pace, 92 or 93 shooting, middle 80s passing, 90 dribbling, 90 plus physical. This is gonna be a card that people will go bonkers for, he's been popular this year with this Man of the Match card in the Inform that a lot of people have used and he was very good early on in this game.  So you look at like FC Bayern, now it's 72K. That's making up a lot of the price of this 250K. The whole SBC is gonna go up a lot. There's gonna be some opportunities to make coins on some of these League SBCs especially the ones that require silvers even if it's one or two silvers that you have to have for this SBC. The Bundesliga SBC is pretty, pretty cheap. So if you get inside of here, if you're a guy who usually does League SBCs and it doesn't take that much work either you can look through these SBCs and really get a gauge for why they're expensive and which ones are the most expensive. And you can honestly look at them individually, go to the completed challenge, click on that, go down, and look at their price, look at the daily price. This Freiburg SBC has been chilling around 10,000 coins. But if they refresh it and they put a pulse in out, I mean you might see this SBC getting up to 15,000, 20,000 coins. If you buy a player in there that was going for 500 coins, a silver that you need for the SBC, or even a gold card like Gabriel Jesus is a great example. Some of those cards can go absolutely through the roof in terms of price. So Bundesliga could be a really cool one that we get. Maybe something like the Serie A or the La Liga Santander. Maybe they put out a boosted version. We've already had an Anaki Williams, but that's who came to mind right away for La Liga Santander. There's plenty of options out there. At the Premier League, they chose a good player that could have gotten a team of the season, Flaipa Anderson, and they put him in the refresh. So it looks like they're gonna choose good players for these refreshes if they continue to do them, which I think they will. They're not just gonna do one and stop. They're not just gonna do the Premier League one and stop, but they're gonna continue to do this for other league SBC. So again, if you think they could do Bundesliga, maybe hop on, look for some investments to the Bundesliga cards, some silvers, some golds that you really need for that SBC. Serie A, similar. But I would say the second most hype one would be a Bundesliga or La Liga Santander, depending on the player. But a Poulsen would be super dope. I would try to finish it if Poulsen came out. You can see that I have a few of these that I have done and haven't finished yet entirely. But this would be a perfect time. Even if you have some of these that are half done, maybe even just go right now for some of the cheaper ones like Bundesliga. You think they could put a big card out like a Hamez Rodriguez SBC card, something like that. Maybe go ahead and complete the Bundesliga SBC or get yourself really close to completing it so that if that SBC refresh comes out for any of these major leagues, you can go ahead and do that at a very discounted price as well. And one other thing that I wanted to mention, speaking of discounted prices for these league SBCs, a lot of times the prices of those cards are based on and they're driven by silvers. So silvers are really the ones that really drive the expenses up for especially a guy like the Huesca SBC for La Liga. You need a lot of silvers and they're expensive for that SBC. If we can go take a look at some of those on the market actually, some of those silvers like 15, 16,000 coins for that league SBC. And on Thursday with Marquis matchups, what happens is, look at this, the cheapest Huesca Silver card, 6,000 coins, 6,000 coins for the cheapest one at the moment. And on Thursday with Marquis matchups, a lot of times they put out like Electrum Player Packs which contains silvers and usually a good time to get some of these cards is on Thursdays when they put out the new Marquis matchups. You see rare Electrum Player Packs and a rare Electrum Player Packs for Spurs versus Manchester, Juventus and Inter. So watch Marquis matchups and people are doing this right now because there's the special cards and packs. Everybody's all about packs right now. So keep a watch on these SBCs. If you do see silver players in the packs for the SBCs, take note of that. Get on the market in the hour or two after Marquis matchups comes out if they put out like a throwback team of the year SBC, they've been giving us these random SBC sets that give out random packs. Take a look at those packs. If they give out silvers, get on the market. If it's the SBC, a lot of people are gonna be doing. Get on the market and check out those cards. And the other thing that's keeping the SBCs kind of propped up in price right now are some of these higher rates like the 81s and the 82s still hovering around 1,000 coins because of the team of the week upgrade. This is keeping some of those prices of league SBCs lifted up a little bit. Of course, like the 83s, if you need any of those for the league SBC, those are kind of inflated as well. So again, if you're somebody who wants to do league SBCs, if that is an interest that you have, maybe go out, stock your club with some cards if you either wanna invest in the league SBCs that could be coming up, the refreshes, or if you want to actually complete them, basically take this as an opportunity to kind of plan ahead for a little bit of that period in time coming up with the possibility of more league SBC refreshes coming. So that was the main point of the video that I wanted to talk about with you guys today. League SBCs are alive and well. I mean, a lot of people are doing league SBCs. They are crafting with league SBCs and they're very profitable from these league SBCs. I just said league SBCs like 10 times, but they're profitable right now because there's all those special cards in packs. We have the batch two cards in packs for another week and a half, a lot of special cards, special Messi, Ronaldo, Neymar, all those guys are in packs right now and you have an opportunity to pack them because if you get like a discard manner to match, you know what, discards for 10,000 coins and for a lot of the SBCs in the Bundesliga, in the La Liga, that's most of the SBC cost. You pack a couple of those from the packs, from the grinding, packing those cards, you're making your money back very, very easily on these SBCs. So I wanted to kind of bring a video to you guys today talking about that kind of stuff. Really quickly at the end here, I want to look at an SBC that we also got today was the Joe Gomez Centerback SBC, which is pretty good value. If you're somebody who's on a lower coin budget, if you have somewhere around like 70 to 100,000 coins and you need a centerback in your team that is a big upgrade from like maybe a gold card or a gold version of a player, this is a very good centerback. A lot of people love this card when it first came out and it links to that Footies Walker, which a lot of people like that card as well. But this is one thing I want to show you guys that just to show you that FIFA isn't entirely dead yet. I know yesterday in my video, I was pretty downbeat. I was pretty upset with my experience in the Weekend League. I wasn't happy with FIFA at the moment. But this is how you can tell that FIFA is not dead. And today, obviously you see me in a much better spirits. I got out of the Weekend League slump, we're back looking at the market and looking at stuff that moved inside of the game. Look at this Alexander-Arnold card. Last night, I actually talked to him on my video yesterday, talked about him, 78,000 coins, 80,000 coins at a lowest point right before the Joe Gomez SBC drops and boom, up at 126,000 coins. Crazy rise on that card. It just shows you that there are people playing this game, especially on the lower tier budgets right now. People are all about getting cards and coins in this game, having fun with the game. And there's still people that are doing plenty of stuff on the game. As you see, a lot of these card prices dropping. Wow, that's pretty low for that left-wing Ronaldo right there for that card. So again, this week, I would not expect, I would not expect to see another league SBC refresh maybe this week. I would expect to see that next week probably, like one per week, maybe one coming at the very end of the week if EA wanted to do that. I'm sure they saw how hype it was today. I'm sure they're seeing that the league SBC costs has gone up and up and that's draining coins from people's clubs and they like that because that in 10, that makes them money in the end. People lose coins, all that stuff. Again, the upgrades were refreshed today, which is the GG. They're there, they're fine, I'll take them. I'm gonna do some more of these. Honestly, we're gonna do some more of these because we need to keep crafting Maldini. And again, this is something you can put some cards into as well from league SBCs. If you do complete those and get some packs back from those. So again, I wanted to bring you that video today looking at the left mid version, the new league SBC refresh of Felipe Anderson. I'm glad they did this. It's something different. When I did it the first time of the year, it was a big surprise. People were all about it and they did it again and they did it the right way with Felipe Anderson, giving him a beast, beast card, which I'm very happy that they did do that. So if you enjoyed the video, boys, smash a thumbs up on it. Comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe to the channel. If you're new, it's been Nate, the foot accountant. Catch you guys later. Peace out.


Another important which I am going to cover is the cerebral palsy, which is very common all over the world. The cause of the cerebral palsy could be early insult while the child is developing or the insult perinatal insult, when the child is coming out. An insult to the brain during delivery results in the damage to the brain and irreversible damage and both have different behaviors pattern different patterns and in India we get another condition where you get a cerebral palsy is the premature delivery. So, child is born a 6 month, child is born a 7 month and the children are being cared you know outside the mother's womb to 4, 2 or 3 months more become they become like a normal individuals but they also suffer a lot of damage to the brain because they are lot used to living in the environment you know so quickly so early and that is the reason they get a lot of suffering to the brain.  Now, what is cerebral palsy that is an expression which will be important for us to understand. Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe a variety of neurological syndromes with disorder of the moment or the posture it depends on which area of the brain is affected, if the cortex is affected then they develop seizures they have a mental decline, if the white motor traits are affected they are classically develop motor dysfunction people say they have a sensory followed by motor say motor followed by sensory we have shown I will show that how the sensory takes over the motor and finally the motor comes in. So, that is second thing the third thing which they develop is the moment disorders because of the involvement of the basal ganglia, what you call the corpus tritum or the basal ganglia that is the one which is responsible for the moment disorder of the child. And the fourth important thing is epilepsy So, it is a and they are not reversible whatever insult occurs in the beginning of the life it does not worsen, it does not improve that is how you define a cerebral palsy. In neurological condition there is a decline as a function of age as the pathology increases, but whatever insult here has occurred stays with you. Now, we have to find like that girl asked yesterday rehabilitation. So, this is where the rehabilitation is important to the children you know and this is a whole exercise, but people are trying to do the some of the very rich people have the children in the spastic. So, it is not disease of the poor of course, poor all involved the rich are as involved as a poor in this. So, it results from the damage to the brain and developing brain from causes such as hypoxia or infection, but in many cases no definite cause can be a certain, but mostly it is a infection intra uterine infection perinatal infection perinatal hypoxia. The injury to the white matter the perimetrical matter it is a major form of brain injury which you can see actually you number I and if at all or ultrasound in uterine or so on and so forth. And these injury result in the secondary affection of the tracts degeneration of the tracts what we call as valentine degeneration or degeneration of the tracts. And that is why we as a radiologist become interested in C p because you most of the time the imaging may not be abnormal. You find normal imaging 30 to 40 percent of patients, but they have a spastic C p. How do you understand? How do you define them? You know if you see an imaging abnormality yes the C p is there, if you do not see it is not C p, yes still C p. So, what are the methods by which we can define several powers beyond the conventional imaging and is there any way we can understand the neuro rehabilitation or what is called as the brain plosicity? How can we objectively assess the brain plosicity? So, there are two issues which we will I would like to address in this particular talk because when you give exercise therapy or constate therapy or vortex therapy combined with exercise the child improves, but is the improvement is child commensurates with the improvement of the brain function or the reorganization of the brain. What is called as brain plosicity? That is important. The proof of concepts come from objective assessment of the changes in the brain. We see this is the critical improvement of the patient that is what is important. Now, this is the classification which has been described depending upon the abnormality like spastic, C p hemiplegics depending upon which area of the brain is affected. Monoplegic all these things you know which I beside that I mentioned to you beside the motor function there is a cognition which goes of the epilepsy comes in the moment disorder comes. They all come into a part of the they are part of C p different kind of C p which are the various brain is affected in our cell that is what affects us you know. And this is about something which is reversible there is a reorganization and not reversibility there is a difference. So, people have designed different test to quantify the motor disfunction g m f m score is the one which is again we are ruled by the western world and that is how we follow them and you write these things no issue they will not question you. So, this is g f m score and g m f c score gross motor function classification system. So, these are the one which have been designed by the western world and this is what we follow all of us for the C p classification how much deficit is there. As I mentioned to you the cause of C p or intramendicular hemorrhage especially seen in the premature delivered baby. Conjuritl stroke means a child when he is born he had a stroke the artery is blocked maybe infection, maybe occlusion whatever the reason. And another one is perimental leukomolacea which is classically this is the one which is one important this is seen in a peritone hypoxia this is typical to India also in India. The reason is mainly the reason the perimental leukomolacea is the peripartum insult to the child when the child is being delivered. There is a meconium aspiration there is a chord around the neck or the child did not cry whatever reason there is how they develop this hypoxia interpartum and peripartum you know. So, many time you must be hearing you know as a as a general population that the cesarean is required as a child is in distress. And this is the way they make money the gynecologist make money you know by saying that child is under stress and I want to take it out to prevent the any damage to the child. But, the fact remains we call it as a gynecology is distress rather than a child distress because she is in distress she does not want to come in the middle of the night delivered a child.  Do you have irritation available to take care of the baby at that time as a child is coming out to a new world in your environment you know from the actual environment is living in for 9 months. It is different world world together for a child you know the temperature is different the oxygen is different the feed is different everything is different gynecology.  So, they can damage the child brain also in India this may not be true, but western world yes it is a common practice and we can do that.  And it may involve the cortex it may involve the cortex it may involve the brain ganglia it may involve thalamus any area depending upon what what the child result had at that time and depending upon the area the child develops a neurological deficit motor sensory brain ganglia involvement cortical involvement epilepsy it all depends on what where is lesion is in the p v l or this area and the p v l means the fibers are going there you know and the fibers get cut connection is lost and they become you know spastic. Now, this is interesting slide again from 1998 it is not a new thing which I am talking about most things are known we are only objectivizing it and it is not something we are inventing it first time in the world no there is something we all know about it you know when the child moves from 0 to 36 weeks age of 36 months and 48 months the c p children have a decline in IQ as compared to normal child they have a decline in IQ they have an improvement in IQ stabilization and here is the decline like it is about 1 year. And I call that if you take a child with an IQ of 80 or 90 with a c p then I am not worried about at least the gross IQ changes you know in the brain it is spastic. So, we did that exercise also you know to see that how the IQ affects this girl actually worked on the one you gave me she worked on that actually with us. Now, our purpose was that can we assess the white matter damage in the cerebral palsy using quantitative diffusion that is the one which you started way back in 2004 to 2005 when I think Richa Trivedi was a first student she started working on that with us the PhD on this. Conventional number I will miss a lot of c p's. So, we thought let us look at the tracks directly and see what is the damage to the tracks that is how we started in 2004 to 2005 getting the D T I images F A values and the color coded F A values look at the tracks post your name of the internal capsule the internal capsule the corpus callosum the white matter tracks very clearly defined and will put the region of interest actually in these areas that is how we started 2004 to 2005. And then we started realizing that this is not the whole truth we are only taking particular region and then trying to see rather look at the whole truth that is what the tetragraphy and the analysis started coming from them. So, these are the results on imaging in controls normal imaging and I am normal look at this is the paramedical accumulation can you see the white signal here this is classically described as a paramedical accumulation this is definitely c p I do not have to do anything just look at this you may say a cerebral palsy no question then why all this you are doing now this is the comparison with the normal imaging and I am normal imaging. So, red is the normal imaging and blue is the normal imaging c p and the controls is the green. So, what you find is there is a decline as you move from the green to red in the F A values irrespective of you know the location the medulla, the palms, the midbrain, postulum and the corona radiator and the m d values again showing increase. So, that is the first paper actually we published and saying that the involvement of the tract is there even when the imaging is normal that was the message when the imaging is normal I do not have to do this exercise, but if the imaging is normal then is worse why looking at this and seeing that is definitely c p. So, that was the first purpose we had these are the numbers just to show you that the numbers are abnormal and we concluded that the changes are widespread and the technograph is superior to conventional MRI because you can pick up the areas which are abnormal on D T I which are not seen on conventional MRI. So, then we move beyond that and say we will let us look at the tracts. So, that is when the technographic came into picture and we started looking at the tracts and the issue was is the sensory fibers involved first or the motor involved first because c p is the motor disease, but a fraction is mainly sensory and the motor is secondary. This is the repeat was going on first paper came to an analogy just while we were working on this and they came with the first paper of three or four cases actually and we showed they showed the sensory involvement is earlier than the motor and we of course, did confirm that we as usual are delayed in writing as compared to the western world and this is just to show you that and the plasticity of the C S T has been shown by D T I in a blind subjects actually. So, earlier we used the ROI analysis I mentioned to you and then we decided to do a quantitative analysis to see the difference in this population. Now, this is a method we used for a sensory and motor I see we are not you still automated this is something which I have been telling him to automate this which we have not done it so far little challenge in doing this, but it can be done it is not something very big people have tried and done this in the western world and we should be able to do it and implement this is something which we are lacking. What we are doing is we just look at central circuits and T rate is central circuits in the motor cortex and that is how we identify central circuits put a region of interest on the by hand that is the that is the trick here. So, this is in a way subjective that is the only part we have subjected in our tracks look at all the C plane axial and coronal sagittal and then create the sensory and the motor track. So, central circuits on this side of central circuits is a sensory strip on the anterior part is a motor strip. So, that is how we generate the sensory and the motor give different colors to this motor pathway and the sensory pathway. There is something called supplementary motor area about talking about supplementary sensory area about talking about looking at the pre and the post central gyrus actually mainly this, but this area needs to be worked out by ourselves and the rest of the world. Now, these are results of the patients versus control with normal imaging with the normal imaging and look at the track difference sensory is more affected to the motor right away you can see that. This was actually shown by on imaging no trotography by the first people and they claim that actually that is the result is showing very clearly that how the quantitative analysis shows the sensory and the motor normality and we could actually classify the grade of the C p by the trotography. There are other people you published where you could classify the grade of the C p based on the tracks only along sensory and the motor. How much grade weakness like GFMS score and all which you talked about we could actually grade them. Now, this is important the treatment induced plasticity. So, when we started treating them with vortex and physiotherapy you know vortex is expensive chemical. So, everybody cannot afford in this country vortex and though they will sell their house to help the child to have a you know small improvement in this function, but it may not always possible. So, initially what we did we combined everything what we had we combined physiotherapy, vortex what we could what we could not give we did differentiate. We were looking for the point of view how much plasticity is the improvement is there in the brain. Improvement in the clinical function how does it affect the brain function, brain structurality in other words you know. So, this is what we tried and see what vortex does is vortex reduces the specificity for the muscle. So, when the muscle is specific it difficult to do exercise you know there is a cogwheel kind of rigidity you know you cannot move that well. When there is a flaccidity the muscles can be moved quick back and forth very more quickly you know. So, exercise effect is much better though the vortex effect lasts for couple of months it does not last for the whole life, but that is window gives you a window to improve the exercise. That was the whole purpose of doing the vortex effect. What it is it costs it costs a lot of money it may need one injection two injections you know so on and so forth. So, which is this kind of population which we have it may not be possible. So, initially we did R y and R c you can see we put the R y on the singular posterior with little capsicum, princestem, medulla and this is the story of this child children sensory specific quality parenthesis most of them are quadratic that is the grade of the score and that was the follow up score of this most children they showed improvement 4 to 3 for these children even a grade well improvement from 4 to 3 or 3 to 2 is important. If they cannot sit or they cannot stand if they start standing this is a big achievement for them and they are they can stand if they start walking a few steps this is big milestone for them. So, you can understand the how much child feels happy and how much the parent feel happy about that. So, this happened because of the plasticity changes the brain and the proof of concept came from the this is neuro rehabilitation which that girl was talking about and what we showed very clearly was that if you look at this single of now this is single of in the normal individual look at the single of fibers here and they showed improvement on the follow up and of course, you can show that by numbers that there is a definite improvement in the mid brain in the posterior with little capsicum in the coronary radiator and this gave you the relationship with the change in the functionality of the child. So, the child function was actually because of the changes of the brain not a local muscle power improved. So, I always believe that everything comes to the brain that is what that is the proof of the whole thing you know and similar thing we tried to show. So, this is what we said at the end of the story that this may act as a guide for the objective assessment of therapeutic response in the children. Most people say that the child improved it is subjective to objectivize the improvement you have to show the changes actual changes in the brain and that is what we showed for the first time that changes in the in the brain. Then the same question was that there are two questions which we raised from this study there is improvement in plasticity is the vortex required can we do without vortex can we do with physiotherapy alone or we combine physiotherapy with vortex because there is a large chunk of population which actually is deficient in money.  A child is sitting on the floor cannot start running at the most he will get up he will work a few steps with a with a caliper or with you know those kind of things and for some parents not enough this is it is it is tiring for them in whole life. So, we decided to look at this this we got a dvd grad dst grad where we try to look at this effective physiotherapy with or without vortex and using technography not the R y analysis. So, this same thing which we did earlier this is now published and the interesting thing were the if you look at the two groups one group is with physiotherapy and one is physiotherapy with the vortex both are showing improvement only with exercise and vortex exercise both are showing improvement. So, as far as the improvement is concerned both are showing improvement then what is the benefit of b over a that is the next thing we had I think we had discussed we talked about a our statistician how to show the difference if it is there or not then it is listed the what is called as the relative index of improvement change delta change or something divided by delta or relative along the same. So, that was suggested to me by a couple of people u s actually that one do not take this as a direct measures and create a kind of a delta difference between the two and that is what we did actually in this paper and that took couple of years to publish it actually after the work was done primary because we were not sure methodology what to do use in this you know a number of queries on this. Now, this is the comparison of the mean F a values in the motor and then sensory fiber, but the baseline and follow up. So, what we showed on the score GFS score improvement the same thing is shown on the motor and sensory both are showing improvement. So, the plasticity changes are seen not only in the sensory, but in both and the same was true with the vortex through that also, but still does not answer the question should we use vortex or should we not use vortex. Now, that is where it all when we compared the vortex directly the two groups you know because they were everything identical except the vortex no vortex we took the subjects over in the same grade same psychology, same cognitive decline everything same and same IQ everything we did change no epilepsy. So, it is a very selected group patient we took just to ensure that we do not kind of a confound results based on that and if you look at this there is no difference in the F a value the baseline F a value of the follow up and then we did the delta the difference and there were no difference in delta and relative delta when we can get the load difference. So, just there were that the vortex may not be of much value except that temporarily it will cause a flux in detail you can start exercising, but the end result is 6 month the same for both of these. So, you can say money for this now that this is the GFM score baseline and follow up follow up this improvement group 1 to 2 not significant, but still there, but you look this is critical score as well as the imaging score did show much difference you know look at this. Now, this is the sensory and motor bundle PSN correlation with the scores that they show relatively correlation with the F a values of sensory and motor with the GFM score actually. So, what we concluded by the study was that children with identical kind of disease may not need a vortex which is a big relief to the patients. So, physiotherapy done well is as good as using the vortex if it is a bit together. So, that was the question DSD wanted me to ask answer and we have answered his question. The next this is just an example the same in the graphics which we are trying to show same thing in graphics which we are trying to show again this GFM score whatever I have talked about the table the same thing showing that. Now, this I added on in the slide this is a guy who is considered world authority in CP and he is worked he does the similar work which I do actually on DTI also. And we have a lot of data from this group also on the FC testing data format also which you will not be at later in published there is a next in combining I mean you need some staff to do all kind of things you know data is there with us. And you are welcome if you want data from us I will give it to you no problem somebody has to write this you know. Now, this is an example of the functional MRI in two weeks treadmill training this guy especially works on the treadmill with the children.  And he has shown there is improvement in the functionality here in the this children we cannot do active exercise. See do we do a passive exercise any short changes in the brain function by f m r i you know. So, what we showed on the DTI is again shown by the functional MRI the placid changes are there in the brain following therapy and it is important. He is a believer of vortex because he is funded by the company you know for his projects. But for me I am funded by the government of India and I do not believe this because I basically want to support the patient not support the company in this you know. Now, this is the last story I want to this is another story which means we decided we had another very sophisticated technique which we talked about yesterday also is ASL artisanal laboring.  So, we decided to look at how the celibate blood flow changes this was somebody publication actually now. In this children we did everything on the c p whatever you could do you know with our methodology. We even tried f m r i it did not work very well actually on this what he showing. So, we are getting lot of artifacts in the data I do not know why you are getting data artifacts on this. So, the basis why did we start doing the c b is the blood flow blood flow quantization. I was personally interested to see my initial thinking was that blood flow should decrease if the area is damaged and this was decreased or the normal c b f has been reported in patient with c p gives a 0 and 133 yesterday. In fact, this was the question which was very critical a lot of people when we presented the data and not only me other people also seeing the same thing which I am saying. Initially people thought that I have not done the right things in the right way I told them I am saying the right what is should be done right in the word when couple of more people said start seeing the same thing. Then only I was right, but initially I had faced lot of criticism when I presented this first time in the paper I s m r m and lot of criticism came to me people are after my life this is how do you explain this how do you explain this. I do not know this observation right now and alteration a s l is possible because it is a simple technique low radiation no non-inducative technique available and the c b f wide metal university correlates the structure and function connective to the brain. This has been shown in 2011 that is the only thing I told them look this is universal relationship between the connection and the function c b f. Now, this is how the a s l image looks like you have seen the d t i t 2 and the flare, but this is how the a s l looks like the wide metal has low flow and the grain metal has more flow that is what you expect right that is what is beautifully shown on this. So, my issue was what we did was we co-registered the data of the d t i which is the job Dr. Rathore bring all registration this whatever we want us to do and then the issue was that whatever r y we are taking is it a r y we have to do or we should do a global analysis. So, I waited for practically 2 years before actually I wrote the paper actually we have the data available with us then we do it what is called a v b m analysis in this whole group you know and this is the result of the v b m analysis. Now, significant increase in c b f this is the color you can color scale you can see this is 0.001 highly significant you know difference is seen increase significant in c b f the grain metal has been shown not only the wide metal grain look at the grain metal showing the changes in the different engines of the brain. So, c b f was increased even by the automatic analysis what we initially said was a r y analysis which I discarded because they were very critical of whatever I was doing and these were the wide metal changes as you can see that lot number of areas showing a variety of the wide metal. Now, then what we did was this is a comparison of the fallout was the fallout of the same children there was definitely a decrease in some of the areas you know they were the further increase in this area you know in the in the grain metal areas you can see there is increase in the grain metal areas some of the regions in the grain metal which were abnormal initially and what is interesting was there was a decrease in the wide metal area flow. It means the grain metal damage needed more flow in the one exercising how about the wide metal flow decreases in the some of the regions which we have seen that automatic analysis this is 6 months following therapy you know and these are some of the numbers which we got from those coordinates that there is increase and you can see the c b f is definitely very high as compared to controls a d c is high and the f a low low f a and the high a d c very consistent what is happening. So, this is a fallout comparison of the grain wide metal number what I showed you on the images increase and decrease and what is interesting was it was some of the area where the c b f was increasing the f a and m d was also going to changes. So, we concluded from this paper probably the c b f is better measure of damage than the the technology because some of the regions we went back with abnormal c b f to quantify the values of wide metal f a values they were not really abnormal maybe it is a more sensitive indicator of the damage than this that is what we tried to conclude this paper actually. Now, this is a loss with this girl actually she is the first lead author in this she was very keen to as a person in cognition she said I want to write a paper in cognition not the not what we are doing therapy and all this is interesting you know and she did all the exercise of doing the ROI analysis this paper has come already in psychology she had I think 4 or 5 papers with us in short time. Now, this I showed example how it looks normal and abnormal grain on c p and this is the test which I think you have a copy and we gave you the same thing which we used in this children from 3 to 4 years to 10 years we had children and most of the range was between 4 and 7 years I think that we excluded very different ranges of children in this group and you can see a significant difference in the little side and these are the changes of course you see in the f a values and these are the correlations memory exclusion closure they all showed some relationship some areas of the brain function for this. Now, this was the question which was very interesting which was asked that there are some of the children which had a low IQ as compared to the normal verbal IQ and the low IQ and he said maybe it is affecting the re-recycle you know with the f a values and what you found there was significant areas in the brain like the temporal white matter and the occipital white matter which showed a significant difference in the f a versus with the 2 groups also. It means the white matter damage is more in children with the poor performance you can see like for 0.4 and 0.4 0.6 0.27 as compared to the and it means these are involved the IQ the temporal and occipital leaders are involved in the IQ as well this was pointed out by the review also we had to realize the data and he said why did you look this and have a look and see what it is and we found it out. So, I think with this I conclude that there is a defected condition as you can see they have a relationship with the white matter relationship with the grey matter changes in blood flow are there which are being affected by the C P and the changes of plasticity are seen on the therapy. So, it is the area which involves in neurologist and orthopedic surgeon psychologist psychiatrist and radiologist. So, this is a very wide area which involves everybody for the point of view of the neuroscience all spectrum neuroscience are involved in this kind of disease process and which can be very you know gratifying if you can help these children with little bit in anyway may be in the cognitive improvement may be in motor improvement may be in psychological improvement whatever. So, these children really deserve it and lot their fault when they are born and we can definitely make some difference little bit in by whatever way it is to and there are number of societies spare societies are aware of the country they do hardly anything except making money that is the most discomforting part of the whole story you know. I have tried to contact number of these agencies because I want these children C P and that is how I was contacted them and they will say you know we want this and we want that and so you know kind of thing as well I can do a number I free I cannot do more than that. So, these are the commercial organization not really the philanthropic organization and they are the one which are harming the kids rather helping them you know they give you some wheelchair this and that you know to make them comfortable, but what is goes behind that nobody knows in that. So, I it if a person in a computing science is interested in this area especially if you can help them by improving their you know IQ improving their by what is called as psychotherapy. So, this is where we have a chair you can help actually with this children with this thing I conclude I think my presentation on this. I did understand probably it is related to one of the first slides that we showed you said that C P something which does not person and it does not increase once the injury is caused. Then why is it that between 1 to 4 years of age there was actually the difference IQ difference was increasing of changing between normal and C P. See normally what about damage it occurred at the early stages. So, the IQ in the first three months is not no way to quantify IQ actually whatever the Billy score is there whatever you do you know you calculate that and once you start to calculate the IQ it is at the bottom wherever it is. So, what I am saying is that though the child is the normal child IQ is going up here the IQ is not bottom from practically the time you start quantifying the IQ that is what I mean this is from the published literature I am saying that is what is important that is how they show that and C P is once the injury is occurred to the brain. The only way you can improve function is by improving the plasticity by physiotherapy or whatever psychotherapy or they call it as a different kind of therapies people are now giving to see their condition improvement see their motor improvement this is just a way to improve their plasticity and brain has a lot of reserve. The beauty of brain is that whatever is damaged is not that is all is available in the brain you have to get the area out which is can become more functional and become more active in this. That is by definition C P is it does not it does not worsen you will never find a child of grade 4 grade 2 become grade 3 no he will remain grade 2. He can become grade 1 improve if you help them with you know all kind of things, but certainly he will not go to grade 3. What another idea disease you see like for example, tumor for example, some of the metabolic disorders you know like A D H this is non-liquidistrophy or something this is a constant decline as a function of age it is a progressive disease, but this is a progressive disease whatever had to happen has happened you cannot go beyond what you are you can go only improve you cannot go down. That is why in fact people were saying initially now people are diagnosed C P as early as 1 month and 2 months and so on and so forth, but if you look at the literature about 10 years back the definition of C P a child has to be at 2 years no progression at 2 years we call it as C P. Now this definition is changing because of new technologies available new methods are available to say C P to show it is hypoxia. We have done a study where we did show the child see the child is birth showing hypoxia classic hypoxia we followed them as a function of age that some of you could publish actually it was a work which was done by one of the students actually and we just could publish that study where we showed repeated studies that how the tissue is changing with age in that area most of the time area does not change very much yesterday is there actually. So, you can call C P as early as 1 month or as early as 1 day rather than calling it 2 years that is how the definition is evolving, but not like 5 years we need a textbook they say 2 years you can find definition, but that definition not accepted in the academic community it is still accepted as textbook level, but not at the recent level not accepted any more. It leads to the DTI correlates of combination what were your measures of combination where you measuring the process where it was going on or was it a test like an IQ test. It was like the kids which are available for testing the different like I gave the names of the kids which we used and those kids were done at the baseline and after 6 months of therapy. No, you will like test tissue, better test tissue performed.