Hello again, I'm back with more XCOM 2. Today I'm going to be doing a guerrilla op, well, one of two I can choose from. And I think I'm going to choose the new Mexico one which is going to counter the dark event alien infiltrator, which is very nice indeed. It places hidden faceless aliens on each mission. I would rather take care of that because it would add an element of surprise I don't need instead of, you know, this other event which will increase the cost of recruits by 100% for a month. I can live with that.  I think I'm going to survive somehow. Then first of all, we need, do we need anyone, hmm, I can think of someone we might need actually. Let's take, yeah, seems like a solid enough team, right, let's see what it can do. Hmm, actually have some of my best and brightest right here. Right now, hopefully they won't fail me. Let's see, we have to retrieve some item, what an annoying freeze, yeah, only seems fair enough. I will of course neutralize all enemy targets with great prejudice and even greater efficiency. At least that's the plan. Hopefully none will oppose me. And if they do, well, it's supposed to be me. Oh, if we have self-destinating charges then everything is fine, really. I've only got 8 turns, which means I will play this a tad more risky than I would otherwise just in order to be sure that I don't regret it later on. Fela is not an option, because I've got two stabby-stabby people, which is really all you can ask for. At times like these, I'm going to keep Miss Cosmos right here, an overwatch. I can't actually keep her on long overwatch, but pistol overwatch should be good enough. And if Vassi, Plamen or Alexander show me aliens, I will be able to shoot them with a sniper in the face. Oh, it's only to be expected of course. I don't think they will notice me here. Well, I hope not. Uh oh, things are looking worse and worse all the time. I'm going to have to face not one, but two groups of enemies, which is nasty business. Very, very nasty. I'm going to keep them apart from one another because I have no idea whether my enemies have any giant blow-up-ish weapons. And if they can blow me up with weapons... Well, grenades and the sword, not pleasant. Come to think of it, I really could have used a grenadier in this mission. Unfortunate. These guys decided to hide from sight. Not perfect, should I put him down, and then 76% might have to be good enough.  Only now she is totally visible and I can't take that guy with only a single bullet. Slashing through that guy is always a possibility, but it's not one I'm willing to take, not right now anyway.  If I don't, I might be in trouble. Uh-oh. Well, they still haven't seen me. Which is fantastic. Really? Right then. 100% left and right. Right. I know exactly what to do.  First shot of the game, let's go. See? Killing everyone is starting out nicely. Oh my, I'm so scared. If only I had someone who could stop people. Hmm. This one is going to be difficult to kill. Possibly. But maybe not. Right. I'm going to save Kelly for last. Actually, this one. 100% with a sniper rifle. Oh, that's going to hurt so, so badly. Not badly enough. Perhaps. Yes, quite, quite deflection-ish.  Yeah. No need to stab you. Well, 12 points of critical damage. Yeah, that's not beauty. I don't know what is. Let's see then. 72% compared to 52. I'm going to stand and overwatch because I expect this lance to come knocking. Yeah, that too. One point of damage. Not too great. Oh, suppression. Suppression could be quite helpful and quite useful. But, oh, that's bad. They got Angie Good, didn't they? Bastard. No. You know what?  Or rather, shall I say, enemy of humanity? I think I will. Hmm, a repeater. This weapon upgrade, when installed, has a small chance that any successful shot will instantly kill the target. Regardless of the targets remaining HP. Oh my god, that is awesome. Now, Angie.  That is actually really not that great. Suppression removed. That was good.  And chances are, I'm going to succeed. And I did. I've got three turns until the container is detonated. Yes, yes, yes, I'm going. Let me do a quick save, just to be safe. Haha, I'm so funny. Vasi, my dear, time to run. Yes, excellent. And no aliens in sight, which is even better. It's a win-win, as people in my line of business would say. And my line of business is, you know, saving humanity from aliens, which is kind of a big deal. I'm a big deal. Yeah, a commander.  Really impressive. At least that's what I tell the ladies. I have no ladies, do I? Hmm, do I feel trouble coming on? Well, if there are trouble awaiting, I might not be in the best spot. Let's go and hug the chest. See, that's why support characters are awesome. Or was it specialist in this game? Let's see, recover a small cache. Ooh, lovely. Let's see if we can do it. Yeah, fair enough. I got too greedy. Avaris is bad for me. Sure, why not? It's not like I've got anything better to do. Porangito, she is really hurt. I could have used Kremlin Hill in her. No matter, I'll do it next time. Let's see. Oh, aliens, friendly aliens. Where are Tau, I guess? No, okay. I'll quit the Shakespearean English. I'm not any good at it anyway. Uh-oh, hello. I knew you were here somewhere. I see them. I'm going to stand here. How did you miss that? Come on, Vasya, you can do better. Much, much better. All right, I expect a lot more from her, honestly. Hey, that alien is in for a surprise. You know why? Because I'm mind-shooted.  I'm stabbing you. I'm stabbing you with all my anger. And I missed. I should have taken the shot. Right, that might be a problem. You'd think it was a glorious failure it was. At least he's dead. That was complete shite. No, you misfatal. Sorry, Kostov, you'll heal your girlfriend next time. If there is a next time, which probably will not be the case. Oh, there is a next time. Guess what? Might as well do it. Damn, that heal is useful. 4 HP. That's a lot. Quite solid. Let's put you on overwatch. Or should we just take a shot? Sure, good enough. Surprisingly.  But hey, I forgive you, Dal.    Told ya, I don't mind killing thousands. Soldiers wounded too. Nasty business. Let's see, successful shot percentage. 100%. Really? I think I missed a lot of hand-to-hand combat, but I suppose those are not shots so they wouldn't count. Average cover bonus, 21.33. Dal's most damage. Vassi, most in the fire. Vassi, moves furthest. Vassi. Made most attacks. Plumman. Good guy, Dal, Plumman. But hey. Vassi is stone cold. Oh no, wait, that sounds you. Ah yes, Vassi was fatal. Sometimes. I would say this went better than I... I actually went about as well as could have expected, but not as well as could have been. Can't be lucky all the time though. And sooner or later, one of those guys is going to bite it. And that, on stream, horrifies me. Oh look, I've got a sergeant now. This is the first time I've got a sergeant. Let's see, conceal. Immediately end the concealment whilst permission. And run and gun. Take an action after dashing. Oh that's... that's very useful. Going to take that. How about you, Corporal? Whatever are we going to do with you? Hmm. I think I'm going to go with concealment with Blamon, just to be... Just to differentiate between him and Vassi. And you, my friend, Overdrive, are awesome. Yep, going to take that. That was a fantastic mission. Let's see, we got an autoloader. The first reloading mission does not cost an action. That's cool. Very useful, I imagine. And we've got a brand new corpse. And I would have to guess a new research. Am I right? I am right. Oh actually, two new research. Unlocked. Pieces of research. Hello, guy from Honest Trailers. Your team did an admirable job, Commander. In recovering the viral diffusion. No, I can't. I could never do that voice. But I got... first. I got the snake recovered. And I've got a doctor who will research speed. Who will increase research speed. Which is... just as well.


Central Lakes College purchased the Pines apartment complex in Brainer today and they plan to use the building for student housing. In a recent survey, students expressed the need for more affordable housing options near campus. With this investment, CLC will now be able to use the apartments entirely for students. The pines are adjacent to campus and will be able to provide at least 100 students with housing. Students will also have the opportunity to be involved with the new project. We reached out to students through our student senate and they resoundingly were excited about this opportunity, wanted to make sure that students would have a voice. So one of the aspects will be a council that students will be able to be a part of who live there. They'll be able to interact with student life, plan some activities, talk about what do we want this to be like? What type of place to live? So there will be a student voice in the process. Sho Grant Oswell said she hopes the new housing will make students feel more involved with the campus community. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hello everyone, today we're going to talk about my work on Fast Neocollision Attacks. So this is a joint work with my two PhD director, Pierre-Marc Foucque and Patrick Tapas. So Fast Neocollision Attacks are a new generic attack against StreamCypher, first introduced at Overclipped 18, by Zong Tzu and Mayor against Guan V1, and after that Zong did another paper for A5-1 at AsiaCrip 19. The basic idea of the Fast Neocollision Attacks, which is an internal state recovery attack, is a divide and conquer where you split the internal state in two parts, the core parts that you will first search and retrieve with the Neocollision property and the knowledge of a small bit, well, the knowledge of a small number of the Kiston bit, very few information on the Kiston, and the second part, the rest part, is easily computable from the knowledge of the core part. So in the paper, there was an extension of the state recovery to key recovery with a very efficient complexity. For example, for Guan V1, there is something like a power 2 to the power 12 about economy compared to the existing search, and for A5-1, your office computer could normally run the attack. We were really happy to see that because we wanted to do something else on A5-1, so we give it to students to implement the attack, and as a semester project, and at the end of the semester, for 10 groups that had to implement the attack, there was only one successful implementation with it. It's not really surprising because the attack is really hard to understand with a lot of mathematical details that make it really hard for students, I think, and the successful implementation of the attack was really slow, and the code wasn't too bad. So we went back to the paper to understand why it was so slow, and going back to the paper, we found errors in the complexity of the core part. So that's what I'm going to present here, why the core part doesn't work, and so what's the central idea of the core part is the self-refine method, which is computation split in three phases. So the first phase is to compute what's the variant of a differential distribution table that is called TD. So basically TD match a keystream K, a difference on this keystream to good differences in the state. Good differences in the state being defined by being small, and there is one state that will give you the keystream that you're searching, and when you add these good differences to the state, you obtain your knee keystream, so the keystream added to the differences delta key. After that, after this precomputation, that is normally you do it and it's okay. You have the online phase, so that's really where the error is, so I'm going to stress the result of this online phase, which is a set X that has a high probability to contain your internal state that will that generate your keystream, what you're searching basically. So the idea of the online phase is that you sample a random state that gives you the knee keystream that you're studying, and you're using your table from the precomputation phase to add a difference to the state to obtain the good keystream. And after that, you keep the candidate in the set and you do it a lot of time. After that, after the online phase, there is something that is called the amplifying phase, basically just a repetition and a combination of multiple online phases to increase the probability. But it's not important for us, what's really important is the online phase, and the fact that the only things that you use in the online phase is the knowledge of the keystream. So basically, if you have two states that give you the same keystream normally with what you're seeing here, you shouldn't be able to differentiate between these two states. And that's really why this method will not work, because as I said, the things that interest us here is the set X at the end, and not precisely the size of the set X and the probability that the good internal state, well, the good core part of the internal set is in the set. And when you watch the attack against Greenery 1, you are searching for 12 bits of internal state with only the knowledge of two bits of keystream. And the claim of the fascinating collision attack is that the set X you obtain with the self-refined method has 838 elements, and the probability that the good state is in this set is around 90%, which is a lot better than what you would expect if X was simple at random. Another suspicious thing with this attack against Greenery is that at one point, if you see how the keystream is computed, basically it's Xor over 5 variables of the internal state and Xor with Xor of an output of a function H. And in the fascinating collision attack, H is taken new, so output of H is taken new. That means that you're already constraining the search space without using the knowledge of the keystream, so we don't know how or why they can do it, but apparently they can. The same thing is done with a A5 run, basically they're searching for 15 bits of internal state with only two bits of keystream, well, with only knowledge of two bits of keystream. And the claim of the fascinating collision attack is that the set X you obtain after the self-refined method contains 7,835 elements, and the probability that the good value, well, the good internal state is in the set should be more than 99%, which is better and second than what you would expect if X was taken at random. And the claim that we have with this work is that the probability are false, basically because you cannot differentiate between a good and a bad internal state that will give you the same keystream. This is said a bit more formally with a simple information theory argument, so if you have the algorithm A, that will be the self-refined method. That take as an input a function F, the stream cipher, and some elements that will be the keystream, and it outputs a subset of the antecedent of the keystream by the stream cipher. And you're searching, you're watching, you're observing the probability that one particular value is in this set, when it's at random from the antecedent. The probability that this value is in the set X, sorry, should be about the size of X divided by the size of all antecedent of your value of your keystream. So the self-refined method verifies the hypothesis of this theorem, musty, I'm going back to that just a bit later, but the self-refined method verifies this hypothesis. So the probabilities that are given last slide should be false, there is no way that they're right. A simple experiment to prove that this probability is false is to first choose a keystream value, run the self-refined method to obtain a set X, and only now choose a secret one, an internal state, a good internal state that will give you the keystream, and you check if this internal state is in the set. As I said, the self-refined method verifies this hypothesis, with these little details that we think that the value XS of the internal state should be parallel at random in the antecedent of the keystream. Normally, if your stream cipher is well built, it's true, but maybe there is some bias in either the generation of the keystream from the internal state or from when you choose the key to the internal state after the initialization phase, and that basically gives us the two family of experiments that we will run, the experiment to check that there is no bias in the generation of the keystream, basically, and the second experiment to experimentally verify the probability that the good value is in the set X when you run the self-refined method. So once we did with this verification, we went back to the paper to understand where the theory was wrong, because the verification didn't match what was given in the theory of the fast-nuclear collision attacks. And basically what we found was that when they present the attack, there is two independent theorem about the output of the self-refined method X, one where the computer probability is at a good value, while the good internal state is in the set X, and another, which computes the size of X at the end of the self-refined method. And the one about the size of the set outputted by the self-refined method is false. And it's false in such a way that the size of X is always, always underestimate. That means that basically as they obtain at the end, a smaller set than what you would expect with the probability as I claim, which explains why there is this difference between the experimental value we obtain with the experiment and what is the claim. And basically we think that the central error and the reasoning is that they assume that there is only one good value for the internal state, which is true. But only when you use enough keystone bits, whereas in the attack they use a very, very smaller number of keystone bits, something like 5 or 20 keystone bits. Very rarely they use a very small number of keystone bits, which explains why they have this difference, this probability. So to go in more detail in the experiment we did, I will first introduce again E5-1. So it's a nulled stream cipher that it was used in the GSM standard 30 years ago now. So it's a stream cipher composed of three registers, the clocking, well it's an asynchronous clocking that are represented with a red arrow. And basically to obtain the keystream at the end you add the last three bits, the last bit of the register. So in the attack, in the Fastenier collision attack against E5-1, basically what's going on is that you're searching 15 bits of internal state, knowing only two consecutive bits of the keystone. So the 15 bits that you're searching are in deep blue, basically. And that corresponds to the first two bits of keystream that will be output. So when you run the set for reframing methods, you obtain a set X, when you follow the kind of the paper, of 7,835 elements for the 15 variables, with a probability that it has a good value of more than 99%. And in fact, if you watch the attack in more details, they run the set for reframing method with the first and second keystream bits, the pair of the first and second keystream bits, the pair of the second and third keystream bits, the pair of the third and fourth keystream bits and another pair, well the next pair after that, and they merge all the results. At the end, they obtain a set X of 2 to the power of 16.6 candidates, for the 33 bits of the core parts that are in blue in the figure. These 33 bits allow you to compute the five first keystream bits. And what interests us in this case is that the set X at the end is a lot smaller than what you would expect, what you expect is to have a set of 2 to the power 28 about. So we did the experiment, so first the experiment to check if there was a pass in the generation of the keystream. So when you have a given value for the five bit of keystream, there are exactly 2 to the power 28 configuration of the core part that will generate this keystream. So there was no bias here. And the second experiment we did, we ran, it was to check if there was a bias in the initialization process. So basically what we did was we sampled a random key on an IV, we ran the initialization phase and after that we count the number of time each configuration of the core part is reached. So we did 2 to the power 36 initialization and what we obtained at the end is the free graphic here. So in blue you have what's happening when you directly sample at random your 33 bits of the core part. In the middle you have what's happening when you measure the same thing about the core part when you choose a 54 bits key and an IV at random, 54 bits key because it was one of the way A51 is used in the GSM protocol. And in the right, it's what's happening when you sample at random a key of 64 bits with an IV. So it's simply the same. At one point we wanted to use a key square law to verify that it was the same distribution but it cost too much and since we think that if such a bias existed for F1 it would already be known. So we didn't go in more of this for this experiment. The second experiment is to refute the claim about the probability of the fast near collision attacks. So basically what we do is that we choose 5 bits of key stream. We run the self-reflying method with this 5 bits of key stream. We obtain at the end the set X with 2 to the power 16.6 values and only now we'll choose the key and the IV. We will run the initialization process such that the first bit of key stream will match with chosen bit of key stream. And we will check if the core part is in the set X of candidate or not. So we run it a lot of times. And the experimental probability that basically the good states are in the set X at the end is 2 to the power minus 11.4 which is a lot less than what is claimed by the fast near collision attacks. Once we did this experiment we went back to the code given for the attack against F1 which normally was supposed to test some components of the attack. We found some bugs in this code. So we correct them, we add a for loop and just a simple counter to compute the probability of the self-reflying method at the set after the self-reflying method with the code given by the attack. And when we run that we obtain results that are in line with our theory and not the theory of the fast near collision attacks. Which may explain the following statement by the author while they did the experiment and almost all the results matched the theory. So we did the same verification with Crain so it's a stream cipher of the stream portfolio composed by 80 bits LFSR and 80 bits NFSR and the output is compute with function while the key stream bit are compute with the function h star. We did the first family of experiment to check there was no bias in the generation of the key stream by taking sampling at random a key and IV and verifying that the core part at the end is uniformly distributed which is the case. And after that we did the simple experiment to refute the probability claim of the fast near collision attack. We took, we choose a value for the key stream, we run the self-reflying method, we obtain a set x at the end and only now we take a random key and IV that match the key stream and we check after initialization if the core part is in the set x. It gives us the experimental probability close to 55% which is a lot less than the claim probability from the fast near collision attack. In particular the overall complexity of the attack against Crain v1 should be increased by a factor of 2 to the power 40 about meaning that at the end the attack, the fast near collision attack against Crain is slower than the excessive search. As a conclusion the fast near collision attacks are not fast attacks, they are slower than the excessive search for Crain and for A51 they are at most as fast as the attack by Golisch 25 years ago to explain why they are not as fast as claiming the original preppers. It's because there is a narrow end analysis on the complexity of the self-reflying method and we contacted the author about this and the mayor was okay with what we did. Basically he agreed with what we presented. Zonger River disagreed with what I just showed you. So we agreed to disagree and I think if Zonger want to prove once and for all that the fast near collision attack has a really fast attack the easiest way to do so is to implement completely the attack against A51 normally it should run on your office computer. So thank you for your attention and if you have any question you can send my list to the return me, Pierre-Anne-Aure-Patrick.


Hi, today, I wanted to do a short video to send an important message that is it is full of Super cool application launchers if you don't like for any reason the new kickoff because I've seen some meals Like can I change these of kickoff and my answer was simply your easier put with a third-party launcher, which? It's it's full of third-party launchers and they're really good So I wanted to go through them really quickly This is just a selection of a few so it's not each one of them, of course We've seen the tile menu last time But I also wanted to see the simple menu, which is actually a menu that partly partially inspired the new kickoff and As you can see, it's quite cool because it floats. It's not connected to the panel I think it's a nice design decision We couldn't we couldn't do it with the new kickoff But still you've got all categories to the right and a good view for them all and you can search her everything And then you've got power actions. It's really simple as the name suggests But it's really cool And if you're looking for something that looks really pretty as a good view, this could be your next third launcher Then let's move on to the next one Let's pick show alternatives and then Let's see the minimal menu which is again very minimal and As you can see it's kind of a modification of the simple menu which is very old and probably inspired menu of these menus and This time we've only got the grid a type to search and an applications on the top left and and it's like simple menu, but even simpler and Really, it's just a simple grid of ups And if you're looking for something like this to maybe use on a touch screen device It's really good and you should check it out. Then next one show alternatives We can see that there's menu that which is actually a modification of tile menu, I think And we can see that it has a very window-than-like look with this type to search and This button to trigger open open applications And then we've got the top apps on a grid style like manner and then the list of recent files and a clock which is really simple, but I really like it I think it's a Good launcher for for those that are also seeking for you know going for a bit more than just a simple menu You've also got recent files and clock and of course you can search now Next one Thank you Next one And going through them really fast, but that's because there are so many of them And these are just a few that I decided were particularly pretty this is the Detail menu and it's a bit like the simple menu, but move to the center, which is really nice You can actually customize whether to show it in the center on the bottom left And you can also customize the number of rows and columns and then you have again this grid you can switch to the categories you have a button to open up system settings real quick and Also a button to power off and lock the screen so that's pretty much it and as you can see there are so many of them so that you can access simply by going Show alternatives and then clicking on what you're looking for as an example This is the dashboard that we include by default if you want to try out something. That's full screen Especially I mean if you're on a touch screen stuff like this could really help you with large touch areas But as you can see it's full of them if you go to get new widgets and search for a launcher or a menu You will see even more. Let's see the last one except kickoff that we ship by default Which is the more compact menu which pops up all of applications on a list a bit more old style if you prefer that and Each of them I think has its own qualities each of them can be configured So if you're looking for a particular Behavior or look, I think you'll be satisfied just by looking at store.kd.org


Going on everyone Sam here with late sports cards rip in at 10 box Tuesdays 10 box National Treasures football makes her 167 random team style Here is a look again at your random results as always find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link That's currently in chat So good luck here everybody. Let's do it We're gonna start I think score jumbo. We'll start with Goose baby Nothing like skos Fresh cup of skos bring it in the bathroom Bring it to the bathroom with you What's up quack glad the reigning employee the month still has place Yeah, that's quack Michael Carter Michael Meyer Redemption Stetson Bennett rookie signatures gold zone go to the Rams. I swung their LA Stetson Bennett Going to the Rams We'll just kind of fly through all the base on this one. There's Israel. I've been a conda CMC Romeo Dobbs second-year auto nice one there Green Bay. Oh Shaq. Oh, yeah Shaq's not going anywhere, bro. Don't you worry. Don't you worry it's quack Cameron a lot to rookie for the Niners to at 100 nice one there Dick Shubb hot rookies will levis Polly Pollard and base rookies Yeah, and all cards do ship on this So you will get all of your rookies all the score base Usually that's not the case with score, but it is in ten bucks. That is Not points. I thought that was points for a second. It's all blue knit is in fact a Tyon Evans for the Rams the 35 Jared Gull Spencer's guy Just grounds here you go kid reporter, baby Quentin Nelson scorecard Robinson CJ Stroud Sean Tucker rookie auto nice one there for the bucks. That was good. That was so funny He's on Robinson nice 14 of 20 for the Falcons Congrats, Atlanta. I don't work Quentin Johnson and base Plenty dude plenty Tyler Boyd scorecard trust me I know better than anybody Andre Carter rookie auto for the Vikings They go Minnesota Sota sco's in There's a juju for the Patriots They still use that I'm pretty sure yeah Yeah, Shaq Thompson for the Panthers to 100 Hello Kelly Ringo, I know I know I know it's like then it's just it spirals out of control do 23 leaf metal hobby Oh, yeah, that it's like it doesn't matter at that point There was like a good like month where we couldn't there's there was no chance we could break that together like there was it Would be impossible and any guys still in college in there if there is one will be a random two all at the end I think this guy's a lion, but I will double check Yes going to the lions Brian Branch that is state pride one of one here.  What's up thunder? It might have expired if it was a gifted sub it might have expired Devon witherspoon ice one there Redemption that's gonna be going to the Seahawks. I'm just gonna check that really quick. It was a first rounder Yep, and random to all at the end Brock Bowers to a five nice one there Good luck to everybody on that one. That's so sick, dude Very nice Brock Bowers Let's do optic retail next 22 optic retail Blue stars David smells I know because then you do Sunday Monday with Forrest and then you do your second two days are with me We serious here at Wilson Over again blue stars Mike Kisicki Pure strong junior the new Cleveland Brown pure strong junior that is he's got treated actually Blue stars Ty Chandler rated rookie for the Vikings. I didn't think I only I gifted you a sub How's it me? I don't think I could do that. It's Trevor Lawrence for shot Well, I think that's completely out of my power to be able to do that Jonathan Taylor my house Kenny Pickett great iron Kings Kenny Pickett rated rookie blue stars Justin Fields Cam Taylor Britt. Hey, thanks, Timmy. I think Timmy just submitted us over to IF there's Eden Hutchinson or if I should say if it's worth Looking for my keys and they were in my door. Nice, Anthony smooth there. Mr. Couch Jalen Ramsey Austin Echler legendary logos. I know it wasn't me. I know for a fact. It wasn't me There's Brees Hall for the Jets classic Anthony Sauce Gardener. There's Erica Zucanma. I swung their blue stars legacy. I think next 23 legacy. Let's go to control my my twitch again.  Oh, he's losing. So okay, that's fair. That's fair Travis Kelsey to 149 last for the past Drew Pearson and base Someone else someone else who is a member or a sub gifted you a sub Yeah, that's that's the only way that happens That's the only way that happens is somebody who is a channel follower a channel sub can go ahead and give subs Do other people who are not subbed yet? Tank Dell 49 of 50 under lights out of the Texans nice one Houston. It's the fond eggs and base Veejaan rookie on the back there as well points ran to all at the end This will be a separate random from the the two What was I gonna say Two other college college kids. Thank you the leaf ones. So sorry about that points Never the best thing in the world, but Joe Montana 249 orange Taylor and base Pierce Kronsky for the Titans Ricky and Jared That's good to say we could do you could do you one better than a sub We could do you one way better than a sub CJ Stroud, I got it. Don't worry. I could do you one way better than a sub Got one for you right here. That's part of soccer is kicking man See you later Yeah, there's there's a gifted block. There's a gift for you That is gonna be 7 of 50 Russell Wilson as a sea hawk decade of dominance Barry Sanders That's a perfectly reasonable answer to part of all that Zach Charbonnet Someone someone was demanding me to give them their gifted sub back on twitch. I'm like it wasn't me Then he said a little snared remark and now is it rice young orange mini to 125 for the Panthers Then we send you back to the pregame lobby Kyle pits to you at 150 Got Michael Meyer and base. All right Next one up. We've got So mere evidence I that I can't I really can't to be honest team all select So yeah, I selected you hybrid optic team all Asia. We'll do next big team all Asia I pull out to be honest quack. I pulled that in like either 2015 or 2016 on Christmas I've had it ever since like I it's one that's probably gonna stay with me forever Try to think I might have another Evans One brisker Micah Parsons, hollow TJ Waugh and Jerome for Tony Roma red stars and Rashad white red stars Uh-huh. We got select team all Asia see some dragon scales out of this guy Nice knowing you he go. Yeah, you got sent back to the free game lobby. No, got a Zion Johnson rookie to 89 Nice one there for the Chargers Jalen Warren for the Steelers 54 of 99 and Keenan Allen 64 of 89 for the Chargers again John Mets you rookie and silver die cut the Marvin Leal rookie for the Steelers All right, we'll do luminance now. I forgot about 23 luminance based off right there. No one's Smith Jaden Reed Jalen Hyatt. There's a Monroe St. Brown Like the beacons to the Lions that is gonna be Devonte Adams to at 150 To 200 Jordan Addison and engage Trayvon Walker 200 Evans Roshan Johnson That is Brian Robinson jr. 250 got a Chase Edmonds That's a buccaneer right there 37 to 50. It's he has the Broncos low Jersey, but it says buccaneers It says over there Say signed with buccaneers on three six 23. So yeah, that'll be a Tampa Bay buccaneer car on the illuminated ink and Unforgettable is Jamar Chase Darius Davis to 150 got a Lucas Van Ness rookie auto to 350 nice one there for the Packers Congrats a green Bay. There's more spots coming in tomorrow. Thank you all miles with an encased spot and Mirgibs dynamic for the Lions B. John Robinson to 50 nice one there Falcons got a redemption is Joey Porter Jr. on the year one That'll be going to the Steelers Congrats Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Steelers on the year one and Savage ETM rides you select H2 hybrid next up select H2 hybrid as a red Alex Kappa 249 Monta Adams and Alan Robinson Devon Lloyd Silva Kyler Murray Blue Jared Gough there you go Spencer to 25 Color match for the Lions Jeremy Ruckert and Amon Ross St. Brown Silver is a Jones That is a red of George Carl Aftis Furious George to 49 Sean's birthday. It's kind of Get you a big sheet cake with all the shticks on Evan Neil Roger McCurray a Garrett Wilson green sweet level Four of five going to the Jets on the color match nice green disco for the Jets Brian S. Congrats Brian All right, I just won there buddy get that into a mag for you. That's an awesome color match Sean did I did not I'd say my homes and arm of a key day Sean went to the national I did not Yep All right 2019 NT now. Oh boy. I honestly I have no idea to be honest hunter. I just won there 2019 NT it's up Smith Green Machine, baby. I owed up Los There's the Sean Watson to 99 for the Texans Fitz magic nice one there six at 35 got a 54 of 99 game use miles Garrett for the Browns Franchise treasures most of miles Garrett stops gonna be game use because he's got no autos, which is nice. It's got a lot of game use stuff 12 of 49 Justin Tucker century materials player worn Jets up Drew lock rookie Jersey 20 out of 99 for the Broncos Player worn on that forgot when they love when they used to have player worn for rookies Grats there Broncos nice one here is gonna be a jewel of Kyler Murray and Christian Kirk NFL gear 39 of 99 for the Cardinals Player one on both What up Eric? Got Tim Boyle Rookie Auto 82 of 99 The Packers This one's pretty sweet going to the Cardinals Andy Isabella that is gonna be 21 to 25 I was Vaughn in here still this is a Vaughn card, man. This is a forest card, too This is sick How about triple auto for the Patriots? Jamie Collins Devon McCordy and Dante high tower Numbered six of 25. That's really cool, man bunch of legends prime trios for the pass And RPA that is gonna be at 42 of 99 Jared stittum for the Patriots again. Congrats, New England I Stut them right there empty empty. All right now it's time for 22 and T 22 and T. Oh, I do not own the shop. No, I wish I owned the shop That'd be sweet. All right, 22 and TMS. Make sure it's very one. Yes, 22 and T hobby. Good luck Stittum did now He'll end up somewhere as a backup it'll probably play like three games every in the year somehow. Oh, we got another treasure hunt nice Sam owns the moment. It's gonna be Barry Sanders 18 of 25 nice one there empty empty. God Vylus Jones, Jr. 299 to 35 Ray Lewis nice one there for the Ravens. That's Alvin Kamara game gear 24 of 25 that's gonna be game worn for the Saints It's a little bit of a three-color patch. You can see the black in the bottom left, but three-color patch a Josh Jacobs That is 11 out of 49. I Think it's player worn center materials yesterday's player worn for the Raiders Nice one here. It's gonna be 7 to 25 Sam Darnold and DJ more. It's game worn Sam Darnold Yeah game worn Sam Darnold player worn DJ more. That's cool. That's saw NFL action right there two game-worn patches in this We'll take it. We'll take it. We'll take it to a 25 going to the Niners Nick Bosa That's one there San Fran God first auto is gonna be a Louis seen 63 of 99 Louis seen for the Vikings Michael Pittman, Jr. That'll be 10 of 10 on The gold signature for the Colts It's gonna be number to 49 28 of 49 Hassan Haskins nice one there for the Texans 28 of 49 Jersey number 28 of 49 Son Haskins for the Titans. I just want to see what this is numbered to or redemption to end it here Hollow so that's gonna be the 25 rookie material signatures RPS hollow silver Garrett Wilson the Jets killed it dude Congrats on that one Brian again Rookie material signatures RPS hollow silver Garrett Wilson nice one there All right, I got a couple of randoms to do here We got some points and then we've got two cards to random as well So the points will be to these are both me to everybody. It's gonna be two separate randoms Points college cards so we've got Way this will work is the top team after Eight dice rolls look at the points one two three four five six seven and eight go into the bears There's gonna pick the points up and then again Everybody is eligible for the random for the college cards again. That was travion Henderson and Brock Bowers So the way this will work is we'll roll the dice We're gonna go seven times the top team is gonna get the travion Henderson that was pulled first The second team is gonna get Brock Bowers, which is pulled second So one two three four five six seven commanders are gonna get the travion Henderson commanders and Bowers is gonna go to the Niners 49ers quick recap coming here everybody Start with jerseys You've got a Nick Bosa DJ more Sam Darnold Josh Jacobs Alvin Kamara Kyler Murray and Christian Kirk tool drew lock Justin Tucker Miles Garrett and Amon Ross St. Brown What those you've got Louis scene Michael Pittman, Jr. Jared stittum Jamie Collins Dante high tower Devin McCority triple Andy Isabella Tim Boyle Joey Porter, Jr. Lucas Van Ness chase Edmonds Tank Dell Devin Witherspoon Dwayne McBride Brian Branch Andre Carter Sean Tucker Romeo Dobb Stetson Bennett Mag cards we had at the Hassan Haskins to 49 Garrett Wilson redemption to 25 and Garrett Wilson green Disco sweet level four or five Both of the Jets I'll do it for the break guys. Thanks. Come to the bill coming up is personal


for joining us. I am Corley Lawrence and part of the S&P global team and today is a particular treat for me and I hope as well for you I get to speak with not one but four Stanford professors and we're going to talk about what is new at Stanford and it has been a really eventful year for the energy sector of Stanford. We're going to hear from that. There's a strong sense of excitement and above all which I find really striking there's a huge sense of purpose. There's a sense that the school wants to make a difference to the monumental challenge that is climate change. So this is the session where we get to hear all about that. I've got some questions prepared and then we'll open it up for Q&A. Please prepare your questions for the panel and we will move to ask them in due course. So it is an honor to welcome the panel today. Let me present. We have Yiqui who is the director of the Precourt Institute for Energy. Welcome Yiqui. Thank you. Naomi Bonas who is managing director of the National Gas Initiative as well as co-managing director of the Hydrogen Initiative. So lots to talk about there. And we have Aaron Majumdar who is Dean of the Doher School of Sustainability. Welcome Aaron. And Thomas Jaramillo who is associate professor of chemical engineering and director of the Suncat Center. So I've probably missed out a lot of your titles or accomplishments but in the interest of time we're going to move forward with the session. So I think to start off we're going to or I'd like you to tell us about Stanford and what do you do in the energy space. And to start with the beginning I want to bring you in Aaron please. And if you could tell us the big news this year is the new Doher School of Sustainability. That is new. You are the first dean. Can you tell us about that? Well let me first thank you for having us all here. Let me first ask how many Stanford alums out here. Okay. So the big news is that Lake Lagunita is full because of the torrential rains we've had. That's an amazing thing because it hasn't happened for a long time. You're very lucky that's all the rain that was due in Europe and hasn't come. With that big news behind us the Doher School obviously this has been in the making for the last five years. This didn't happen overnight. But in the scheme of academic timescale it is kind of overnight because most a lot of that happened during the pandemic. And you know when our new president and provost came in in 2016 they had a listening tour of all the faculty students and you know stakeholders and all and the issues of energy, water, food, biodiversity and all of these related issues all emerged and it was all grouped under sustainability and climate change affects all of them. And so then the question was what could we do about it and the proposal of a school Tom and I were in a committee together to propose. We always do things in committees by the way in academia and so we proposed a school because we wanted to go big and Stanford has not started a school in 75 years. This is the first one and we only have seven schools and this issue is different from many of the issues were tackled before because this is not just a business school issue or a law school or an engineering aside. It's all of the above. So why former school? Well we got to recruit some faculty. We got to you know admit students give degrees, develop curriculum. That's a kind of school function and that's needed new curriculum, new educational programs etc. But it's also we needed to form a connective tissue across whole campus. So the institutes were brought in and essentially what we have formed is a microcosm of the whole campus with partnerships with the outside world in a three-legged stool structure, departments, institutes and this new think-all-the-accelerator to think about scale from the beginning and so that we can develop solutions with that in mind, scalability in mind with partnerships. That's what has been instituted right now and we are in the second quarter. We only one and a half quarters old but the thinking has been going on for a long time and we're gonna we are really super excited about it. And so when you when you think ahead you know what are your do you have targets for this year for five years down the road for ten years down the road. Do you know more or less where you want to be what you want to be able to accomplish? Well this is in many ways the school is like a startup but it's also merger. We have joined appointments with every other school with faculty. This is new. So many joint appointments at one shot never quite happened. So we are figuring out how that merger you know these as you some of you may have been involved in mergers these take some time right to blend together to bring us common values and culture together but there's no and there's no question that we are going to you know focus in recruiting talent and fostering talent. New education, world-class education, insustainability all of these issues that are laid out before and this accelerator is a very important part of it and we're launching a third Institute in addition to pre-court Institute for Energy in the Woods Institute environment is the Institute for Sustainable Societies urban infrastructure environmental justice equity issues and all of the governance issues as well as you know how what what do we value. We got you know we have science and engineering on one hand and we have social sciences economics and law on the other. So usually they remain in the schools. Now we have all in one school so we got to make sure that their values are aligned with those values of curiosity driven research of you know blue sky discovery focused research as well as the solution focused research R&D and so those values have to be created and they take some time. So you're building links between all of these initiatives right okay so within the Doherr School of Sustainability that Erin was telling us about you head up the pre-court Institute can you tell us about that? Sure but let me just mention the Lake Lakonita again alone she's a full water it's looking beautiful so I'm moving closer to the lake while I cross the street from Mark Sobeck I think Mark Sobeck sitting right there we will become neighbor so very exciting Stanford alumni welcome back soon before the lake dries up. So pre-court Institute has been around for more than a decade roughly building on previously global climate energy project actually took over this position for Arloon and Sally Benson this is a big ecosystem and energy working on science engineering technology economics and policy and technology translation as well related to energy for example over the past about seven years starting from natural gas initiatives started by Mark Sobeck the Bitcoin Watch Initiative that's for Electrical Grid and Hydrogen Naomi's right here well actually Naomi also managing the natural gas initiative as well Storage X so there's a systematic plan to start initiative to tackle those areas those sectors with carbon emission how do we do that you know forming a sector with significant industry support yet at the same time we recognize it's very important to have finance policy technology translation global engagement coming in so this I call as interwoven fabric of Stanford ecosystem really bring together roughly about 300 faculty members a thousand students actually Suncat is part of ecosystem Tom is directing this is a DOE center so this is really really nice really have the vision I think the foundation for Arloon measure the new school formation because this is the experiment when all the expertise across the campus together you know over a decade ago now building on that now we have the school so it's a natural I think leading to the school formation I'll take a pause right here for now yeah it sounds very exciting Naomi do you want to tell us about the hydrogen and gas initiatives and possibly your comment on the lake as well I have I have no comment on the lake yeah I am Stanford alum that's true I've run around Lake Lagunita many times so yeah I focus on both natural gas and hydrogen you know both of those initiatives were initiated with a understanding of how natural gas and hydrogen could aid in decarbonization and we're really proud to be part of the school of sustainability and within the pre-court Institute for energy and we share that sense of purpose around sustainability and around implementing climate actions in a very direct and impactful way we have a short duration to make a big change here so off the back of the natural gas initiative which has had a lot of success in working with industry to solve problems like methane leaks for example we recognized about three years ago how important the hydrogen was going to be for decarbonization and we spent those three years building a community at Stanford and I think one of the really great things about the new school of sustainability is that it has really enabled multi-disciplinary approach to some of these problems and hydrogen is such a great example of that right we bring together the traditional energy community with the technology community of Silicon Valley with the investment community and with all of the NGOs in this wonderful partnership to use hydrogen to accelerate decarbonization good now that sounds that sounds really fantastic Thomas I want to turn to you now of course I think can you tell us about the Suncat Center and possibly about the accelerator as well yeah because that sounds like something that's very exciting a few of you mentioned relationships partnerships with the industry so let's hear about that yeah thank you so much for the questions first of all Suncat as a center were a team of 16 senior personnel about 70 or 80 students and postdocs all really working towards sustainable fuels and chemicals how to produce them using sustainable feedstocks using renewable energy how to make use of them in more effective ways than we currently do today how to use molecules as a means for long duration storage these are these are very key topics we're really very tech-focused science engineering experiment computational to address challenges that space we work on molecules like hydrogen supported through the hydrogen initiative we work on carbon dioxide conversion we work on ammonia we work on hydrocarbon chemistry so that's very very tech centric the beauty of Stanford among the many things I could say here to complete that sentence is that we're really a one-stop shop of scholars that work in many scholarly areas we're not we're not all about science and engineering we have amazing we have a law school and we have a business school you have a school of medicine and now a school of sustainability it's at that level and so really what we're trying to do is build that that ecosystem of scholars saying the future that we're trying to create together we can't just put blinders on and work in our own discipline and say oh I got there we reached where we wanted to be and then it doesn't plug into the rest of the societal framework so we need new forms of government regulation we need innovation and finance we need sociology how to sort of society adopt and adapt and the technology in oceans and atmosphere and subsurface all this has to work together and that's really what the school brings and then there's another dimension to all of this and that is well what can we do differently other than you know bringing everyone together that's great but how can we do more and that's really what the accelerator is aiming to do the way I look at it universities have had a massive impact on society it's it's just not direct meaning what are what universities what are we really good at we're really good at education and basic research those are the fundamental pillars of a university and look at thousands of movers and shakers at this conference right going through university setting foundations for education and and and how many people are contributing to the world today the basic research is turning into the technologies that are the solar cells that we see deployed new catalysts and oil refineries etc a lot of that came from basic researchers research coming from universities and then the question is how can we have a more rapid and direct impact to address the urgency in the scale of the problem and basic research and education is not exactly the fastest path but we do have the scholarly potential with 2,000 faculty 17 plus thousand students thousands of staff and we just have to create the right types of avenues and the accelerators designed to do exactly that is to create avenues that can more rapidly accelerate the basic research and education kind of mission and say we've got the scholarly potential if we can be more challenge driven and identify what might scale and who can we partner with to get there what role can universities play it's really not hard to get enthusiasm across campus to contribute to that and not just in the the way that in not just a one-dimensional way but in a multi-dimensional way that we can have all these areas of scholarship economics policy tech working together to create that solution ahead so the accelerators is about getting your research out of the lab into the marketplace is one example it's also how to talk to investors how to talk to policymakers how to how to how to work together as a team so that we can create that that interwoven fabric of the future together this business ready business ready that's exactly good good good it sounds like you know I want you said universities traditionally education research you're definitely going beyond that is that correct Aaron Naomi you know do you want to comment is that the case yeah I mean certainly you know this is part of reimagining academia and as just to echo Tom we have done a few things well we are good at fundamental research we publish our papers which is all good which are necessary but not everything that we do is actually scalable and I think the idea of reimagining one of the reimagination there are few reimaginations one of them is can we think about scale from the beginning for example if you are to develop solutions for grid scale storage right we know long duration storage we know it has to be one-tenth the cost of lithium-ion batteries because otherwise it just not economically does not make sense but it also has to be at the hundred terawatt hour scale and he will tell you all about it but what that does is that it constrains you with the materials you use with the infrastructure you may need right and if you can leverage existing infrastructure you can go faster so same thing with you know let's say hydrogen you know the hydrogen earth shot right that the DOE has few of us were involved in creating that whole model of okay dollar a kilogram within this decade what is missing in that is the hundred million tons of hydrogen that we need to produce when you put the scale along with the cost the techno economic target it changes the ball game because we may have to look at a portfolio of solutions that can actually scale and that changes the way you think in the way you do your research and that's the part of the imagination the other part of the imagination is how we educate some of these issues are not engineering issues or law issues or or business they all of the above the interplay between them is really important to understand for the students to be able to develop critical thinking skills to look at them the sort of connecting the dots and then making the right decisions about what to do the next step you do you want to add something a little bit to you know just add a few points related to what Arun just said when you have a Stanford students coming in whether it's undergrad and graduate students a long time ago you asked them they said hi I want to have a major discovery right so nowadays you ask the student they say some of them say I still want to have the major discovery that's fantastic we continue doing that we do that really well but many students ask how do I make a difference make an impact to the world that number the percentage is actually increased a lot I think the new school does a sustainability accelerator this really entertain these type of thinking how do you make an impact particular to scale I just look at myself in the last two years in the new school formation process these are key world scale and speed change my own research program I need to really see what's possible see the end of the game first come back to design my research I think that has huge impact among our faculties and students you can genuinely generate a solution that's scalable put a scale right at the beginning so this difference imagine the next five to ten years this keep propagating I believe for the new school they will be something scalable solution very big impact solution will come out so I'm very excited about it it's not technology for technology's sake this there's a bigger ball game and that's making a difference and this is about about scale Naomi and Thomas do you see that in your students as well this interest to be a part of you know a solution is that a driver and absolutely I you know I think back to when I was a graduate student and you know I was focused on studying geophysics in the department and and now I look at the students and they're so much more worldly so much more aware so driven I think you know and Stanford has set them up beautifully in this environment where they really get to embrace the whole sustainability discipline outside of you know their departments and I think you know Stanford has this startup culture right that's who we are we were you know instrumental in sort of Silicon Valley being established and the students embrace that they are you know really driven to make a difference and Stanford is a place that has a history of helping people do that and I think more than ever the students come in and we're all learning from each other in a community setting rather than it being a one-way flow of information which is wonderful that sounds very inspiring Thomas did you want to add something yeah I fully agree I would say that the students absolutely come in I see so many students they want to dedicate their life towards improving sustainability making a difference in the world I mean it's at the level of paraphrase Maverick from Top Gun it's not what they are it's who they are that's what they want to do forever so yeah that's a great a great and they're bright and they're they're fired up and just as we it's up to us to really create outlets for that creativity to channel that energy well it's a good time to be studying you know in your in your different fields of research I mean one thing so these today we talk to a number of industry folks I also see the new school particular salary to open up new mechanism to engage industry in a very different way compared to before even more powerful for example going from research to translation into the real world going through this multi-step Tom using your terminology is the pre pilot to pilot right in that zone of pre pilot and pilot scale engage in industry could be very different you know using this platform will be I think very effective I would also just add that the accelerator is about solutions at scale it's certainly the technology in the business part is very important but it's also policy it's actually all hands on deck whatever it takes including education normally we educate about few thousand students and maybe few thousand executives or corporate right this has to go out to millions because their lives are going to get affected and if you could reduce the barrier to access to education globally is something that is part of the accelerator you know that's again it's all about scalability of education how we do that with online post-pandemic and all we are still TVD but that's the intent is to really take education to scale so you're thinking about the future of how Stanford could provide education to a wider reach beyond the physical campus and the lake that's right that's exactly right and if I may add to working professionals who are already in the energy space and want to kind of like kind of retool a bit and with the lens of sustainability and to professionals who aren't even working in the energy space at all who have skills who can bring maybe they're working in software working in semiconductors or what have you and they want to apply their trade in the space and looking to think about the next phase of their career it sounds like you want to erase a lot of the boundaries between business and education and research so all of that is part of the program that's hugely exciting can we turn a little bit I want to hear about your research so can you pick one area of work that's happening in your department around you that you find exciting that you find holds a little bit of promise and tell us about it yes start okay well I'm I'm gonna break the rules and talk about two things but I'll keep it brief okay okay so in the natural gas initiative we have just got back from two months out in the Arizona desert we took 22 companies methane detection technologies and we actually released methane and we tested these technologies so one of the things that I think you know Stanford does really well right is provides a neutral ground for companies and we have sort of become the assessor of these technologies working with both the service provider companies and the operators to come up with really effective cost effective ways of mitigating methane detection so that's one thing that we've been doing on the hydrogen side we're working across the whole value chain and there's a lot of what you might expect you know in terms of nuts and bolts science work going on but the project that I really am excited about right now is a pre-court pioneering project on decarbonizing steel and I think you know really focusing on these nuts that are hard to crack particularly in these hard to abate sectors is one of the things that Stanford can really bring to the table and and it has huge implications right for not just decarbonizing steel but then rolling out the technology to decarbonize other yeah heavy industry sectors that does sound very exciting yeah yeah well I have 10 things to tell you but maybe one or two I learned I just come back from India a couple weeks ago it's very dangerous to put two people sitting next to each other to brainstorm so in the plane in the plane so we have a lot of idea flashing off I won't tell you that so because we haven't worked on that yet so let me tell you maybe just a couple of things one is for my lab so I work on for a long time in addition to high energy density batteries for electrical transportation I mean this problem has been in my mind actually a decade ago how to do long duration energy storage uh about four five years ago my lab invented this new technological called nickel hydrogen gas battery it's not nickel metal hydride it's very different this one has has a very long cycle life 30 000 cycle right that's five six times of lithium iron 30 years lifetime a quick solution extremely safe when we with recent analysis we we have a strong uh we believe this can go down below lithium ions cause in the system level oh my god this I think this is a game changer so I see Ashok is sitting right there right Ashok this is very very exciting I think this is going to change the world so uh well let's we look forward to push this to the market uh translate into the market in the next couple years so this is one thing I want to tell you second thing is come back to what Alun just said how do we get down to the cost 10 times lower for the long duration in the future when you go to 100 kilowatt hour scale and uh and inside Stanford we put together a team to really analyze hey to get there 100 kilowatt hour we need gigaton or batteries we need solvent in the gigaton level and how do you do that only water can do it and then we need to be in the way aqueous batteries when you look at a battery he's 160 years ago that's aqueous solutions base it was until about 30 years ago lithium ion come along organic electrolyte people kind of forget about aqueous solution now now it's coming back so too it has the potential for 10x lower cost I'm excited about you sound very excited yes no that's great so a couple of things one is a something that's going on in my lab you know one of the largest biggest challenges in greenhouse gases is methane and you know this is methane detection and what we're detecting is actually not a good story because there's a lot of methane that is leaking from the permanent basin etc so we have focused on atmospheric methane removal and this is going to be hard the only way you can remove it is actually oxidize it and the way nature does it is through UV light uh breaking ozone into oxygen molecule and oxygen free radical which other forms other radicals to actually activate methane which is very hard to activate but it activates at room temperature and then you got the methyl radical and then a sort of a cascading down to CO2 once it converts to CO2 we know how to take it out of the atmosphere through photosynthesis so what we are trying to do is to replicate that using UV light to produce free radicals and you know methane is at 2 ppm that's the atmospheric concentration in other regions it's about thousand five hundred four hundred ppm or so but in the atmosphere it's 2 ppm and that comes not just from natural gas from agriculture from patty from livestock etc so that's 2 ppm and so it's been very hard to oxidize methane below 100 ppm right now we are doing 30 ppm we're trying to push it down to 2 ppm it looks good but there's a long way ahead in terms of trying to get down to 2 ppm in an energy efficient way using background UV light and so there are a lot of science that has to be and engineering that needs to be done so that's one the other one is this is a group effort on stanford in partnership with google and that is on data and there's a lot of data out there in front in terms of demographic data in terms of you know household income emissions data where the solar panels are and you know temperature data weather data and climate predictions of the future all of that so what one of the things we are doing with google is to create a worldwide web of data so you can I can share the data with you and you can use my data and I can use your data to to understand something better in the energy climate and sustainability space and and so one of the use cases that we're going to launch is that you know in COVID you had the Johns Hopkins website so you could click on any country and find out how many cases how many deaths how many backs how much vaccination and all of that we don't have anything on climate on weather extremes and so we are launching this in live data on what are the issues going on for example there was this this is right now going on a massive famine and drought in east Africa there was a just biblical flood in Pakistan where 500 people died the glaciers melt and there was torrential rain and you know so one can attribute to climate and all of that and that will be done but the actual human impact of that what was the human response what are the human impact that story comes in wall street journey of times and just goes away we cannot forget that we got to retain the lessons learned from that we cannot forget those people so the lessons learned from that so that when there's another flood somewhere else in the world perhaps we could use those lessons so that's a repository of extreme events that we are just launching right now in partnership with Google pooling data for the greater good for everyone to be able to use that no one will ever have to do data wrangling in the future if we can collect our data sets put in essentially it's the same format like just like in websites you have HTML and and so that's a format right so and that you can now link websites the same thing should be possible with data if the format is the right one so that's the thing that we are kind of launching right now that sounds great Thomas great yeah some examples there hydrogen is a big one that we work in a lot of excitement across the globe of approximately 100 gigawatts of announced projects for water electrolysis and the challenge is really do we have the technology that can hit the the cost targets that steam methane reforming can provide which is about in the US a little over a dollar a kilogram very difficult to do we're taking a couple of different approaches one approach this is funded through the hydrogen initiative is we're taking you know the US taxpayer dollars have paid for a number of synchrotrons facilities across the United States the US national labs that can do some pretty exciting advanced forms of characterization we're taking that and we're building electrolyzers that are compatible with the synchrotron beam lines so we can get molecular and atomic scale insights to how they operate under try to understand what are the bottlenecks how do we how do we unlock new designs ahead based on that information another project we're working on is try to make electrolyzers that are resilient with respect to the feedstock instead of sending in super high purity water which is what PEM electrolyzers require can we get them to run off of tap water can we get them to run off of seawater and and that has all kinds of ions and other things in there that will absolutely mess up the conventional technology so we're trying to we're coming up with new designs that that are resilient and thus can be cheaper because you don't need to have all that water purification up front and carbon dioxide we spent out a couple of companies one called dioxical another called 12 that you'll find around here at this conference building co2 electrolyzers kind of like a water electrolyzer except for you're sending in humidified co2 you can make things like ethylene you can make ethanol carbon monoxide great platform chemicals from there you can take it on forward make sustainable aviation fuels for instance another big molecule for us is ammonia ammonia is already a massively worldwide produced molecule very key to feed all of us in the room and billions of others not in the room and ammonia could also be a great fuel for maritime and for aviation the question is can you make it sustainably and thus avoid carbon in the first place and so we're working on processes we've demonstrated we can do this electrified processes to take nitrogen which is 78 percent of what you're you having your lungs right now turn that into into ammonia and then which could be used for a lot of different applications including as a sustainable fuel yes difficult to abate transports yeah absolutely so I realize we've talked a bit too long but I do want to open it up to questions in the room yes wonderful do uh yeah I think a microphone there we go is on its way thank you thank you it's not okay uh Josh Shaver from electron capital thank you for that I guess previously in some discussions years past there was a lot of talk about solar panels and new technologies like perovskites and that sort of thing but I haven't heard anything lately with respect to that is there anything new on uh the possibility of perovskites and and being durable enough to to be a to be a new panel you want to say I think in terms of PV solar cells that's this is really lucky case silicon panel along already reduced the cost so low right now making perovskites work particularly overlay with silicon made efficiency higher will push that even more I will say that's a really scalable technology for silicon perovskite will add additional one coming so I basically basically take the PV area it's getting close to be the done deal just keep scaling what's missing is actually storage long duration storage which I would say the stability of the perovskites that's a lot of work going on yeah to make them much more stable and environmentally benign and so that's that's what's uh yeah we've got a question right here thank you and David Zetun head of the chemistry at Bariland um what are you doing to like merge the innovation from older universities like you got a lot in california going and I think that the challenge is big enough so that we should forget about the borders between berkeley and stanford and uc so is there anything going on with that to tell you what first is alun and I both used to be in berkeley so there's no border right there I'll add to it absolutely no we partner a ton so I'll just give you one example there's a the usa launched about a decade ago the solar fuels hubs there were a number of hubs that were launched and currently there are two ones called lisa one's called chase the lisa one is a partnership between berkeley so laurence berkeley lab berkeley stanford slack caltech uc ervine university of origan a couple other partners and so there's what we're seeing that's just one example of partnerships and the department of energy is a lot of the the funding that they're putting out there they're expecting big teams to tackle big challenges so so that is one kind of route that we're using to partner and I couldn't agree more that's uh it makes all the sense in the world to bring the different capabilities and expertise and perspectives I think given the global challenge we we need a myriad of solutions that work across the globe there's no one size fits all and so uh so I think that's that's a good approach when it comes to sorry go ahead stanford's also um part of something called the energy leadership institute which is a number of universities from across the country and recognizing that every university has its own set of strengths right and um our commitment is to educate mid-career energy professionals such that they have a broader understanding of the entire energy landscape by visiting stanford to learn about innovation or columbia to learn about policy and together as a set of universities we can kind of give a even more deep education to those already out making decisions in the energy world I was going to just say that look when it comes to football or basketball yes we compete with with cal but when it comes to science and engineering and and partnership there's a lot of things going on between the two schools great way to conclude the panel really nice note um I want to thank you all I I really took away the lessons that you are you know reinventing pushing academia out of its you know initial shell and into the world I like the focus about scale I think that's so interesting that you're looking at the work that you do with the idea that you know it needs to work in the real world we we didn't get a chance to talk but I feel that the school is also very involved in social justice and making sure that what you do here or in california it's going to have an impact outside of the US and focusing on developing countries which may not have the resources that we have to push this research through so I think that would have been an angle to discuss but it's uh it's it sounds like you're definitely on top absolutely we have a social sciences division within the school we are recruiting our first recruits are economists and we are now got a faculty position out for environmental justice we think this is not this is a domestic issue for sure this is also an international issue and I think this is something that we want to lean into and again provide the the balance between science and engineering one hand and the social science humanities on the other that's that's wonderful thank you so much thanks for your contributions I think it hugely interesting comments today and very helpful for everyone thank you thank you for attending please check the innovation agora agenda for upcoming hub pod and lyceum sessions our next session in this studio will begin shortly


The Mississippi National Guard on the commander of the 185th Expeditionary Combat Aviation Brigade. Alright, so what's going on with Southern Strike? Southern Strike is a joint, multinational exercise hosted by the Mississippi National Guard. We're in this training center in Gulfville, Mississippi with over 2,000 service members across all branches. We're conducting a full spectrum of operations, including counter-interancy operations, special forces operations, and conventional operations. So what's going on specifically here? So here at the combat readiness training center, we focus on aviation operations, both Air Force and Army rotary wing and fixed wing operations. We also have operations that take place across three states at different training facilities, including Camp Shelby, already enabled air station. Camp Shelby, we're focused on our special forces, operational forces, conducting both close air support, air interdiction, and ground operations. So what training is going on this year that maybe hasn't been done before? So one of the things that we're really excited about this year that we have not practiced in previous years is a new Air Force concept. Referred to as Agile, our contingency response forces deploy to an austere environment, set up operations and allow our combat and mobility Air Forces to exercise and operate there and then return to a more stable, safe environment. If I had a unit and was interested in coming to Southern Strike, why, what would be the benefit of training here to bringing my group or my wing to come to Southern Strike? So we're customer service focused. We have customers here, we ask them what they want to do, what their training objectives are, and then we take the resources that are available to make sure that we accommodate their training objectives. We've done this, this is now our 11th year that we've done Southern Strike. We continue to increase our customer base and the participants that come down here to train. And I think again, based on our customer focus, based on our customer service focus, units like to come down here and the Southern Strike framework. Talk about the community here. So Gulfport's a destination location. I think that's another reason why our participants like to come down here. We absolutely want our participants to focus on their training, but we also want them to get out there and enjoy and appreciate the fabulous Gulf Coast community that we have here. There's lots to do on your off time. So highly encourage our participants to take advantage of the beautiful community of Gulfport and the rest of the towns on the Gulf Coast. We're really excited about the fact that we always have a really good representation from the states across the 54. This year we have over 20 states participating in two countries. The Uzbekistan delegation, we've also got delegation from the Czech Republic. We're also excited about the fact that we work across the components. We have elements and service members and units, National Guard and the Reserve to work towards collective success. So the Uzbekistan's are our state partnership. Can you talk about why it's important that they keep coming back here to bolster that partnership? The Uzbekistan partnership is a really, really important partnership. They come here, we go over there on key-liter exchanges to continue to develop what might be the most important objective is that that's a relationship. We've got a really significant relationship with them and we want to continue. So they come over here, they have a great opportunity to train under the southern strike well and so we want to continue to foster that relationship. How's it been being an exercise director so far? It's been a blast. I've had a great time. This is day two. We'll see how it goes, but great experience. I'm looking forward to getting out there and seeing all the training, but really good. Do you look to get from this training? Yes, so one of the primary training objectives is the relationship that we are going to improve and develop across the joint spectrum between the Navy, Air Force Army and the Marines. Both the Reserve components, National Guard and the active component. Through this southern strike exercise, we strengthen those relationships which means that we will be successful later on as we go out and fight with our nation's wars.