Ukraine is gearing up for a massive drone bombing campaign against Russia this winter. Kiev is gearing up for a massive drone bombing campaign against Russia this winter, as the fighting on the ground is expected to enter a lull due to harsh weather conditions a Ukrainian general in charge of UAV operations has said. Kiev has repeatedly used drone strikes reaching as far as Moscow. In an interview with the independent Sergei Baranov, who heads the General Staff's main directorate of combat strike systems teased a new aerial bombardment of Russia's Crimea peninsula, which hosts the key base of the Black Sea Fleet and the country's border areas. We extend to capitalize on the experience we have gained over the previous years and use drones to inflict a devastating effect on the Russians when the fighting will be much more static, he said. The general also explained that Kiev places special focus on targeting Crimea, which he described as a key logistical hub to prevent Moscow from portraying it as its own territory. We are aggressively fighting against this, Baranov stressed. Baranov noted, however, that Kiev should expect numerous counterattacks from Russia, which he said has amassed considerable military resources. In recent months, Ukrainian forces have ramped up drone attacks on Russian territory, particularly on the bordering Belgorod and Kursk regions as well as Crimea, which became the target of particularly massive raids involving dozens of UAVs. The Russian Defense Ministry said that in one such attack, which took place last month, Moscow's forces destroyed a total of 36 drones off the peninsula's coast.


For the first part of my journey, I wanted to get a good idea of how non-autistics viewed autism. To get a realistic view, I needed to interview someone with experience of autism. But it wasn't just enough to choose someone with formal training on supporting autistics. So I decided I would pay a visit to my taekwondo instructor, a new from previous experience that has trained many people both on and off the autistic spectrum. Hopefully I could get an idea of how autism appears to the general public, how people adjust their views, and some of the trials and tribulations they experience when trying to understand autistic people.


Welgym yn y toff i TV i'r ysgol yw'r matriach i'n Aston Villa III, Everton Nill. Everton's unbeat'n starth o'r seiswn is gone, it was, yeah, one of them. Poor performance, second half filler, the better side and they saved the three points. Everton's suffered some crushing blows before the game. No Jordan Pickford, he's out injured. Rhaeth Charleson, looks like he's going to be out for a while as well. Neither of them today involved. No John Philippe Gabamon for the bench, he's injured as well. Seamus Coleman injured as well late in training yesterday. It meant that there was, Rafa Benitez had to make some big changes for this one. And, you know, went with Ben Godfrey, Lluke Deane, Michael Keane, Jeri Mina as a back four in midfield. He had Alan Decore, Alexa Wobe came in, Andros Tansen, Damari Gray, there was a start for Salomon Rondon as well. Probably a bit earlier than Rafa Benitez was hoping. And I thought in the first half, to be honest, I thought Everton did okay. I'm away by the way, which is why I'm in my car. I thought Everton did okay in the first 45 minutes. Matchdaston Villa had carried a little bit of a threat themselves on the break. Villa didn't do much apart from a fantastic save from Begavitch early on, made a really good start from a Tyrone Ming's header. Other than that, you know, both huffed and puffed a little bit. So when we went in 0-0 at half-time, I thought that's okay, considering A, what we've got out on the pitch and B, because obviously we know it was always going to be a tough game. And the fact that we'd limited filler to very little really, you know, but we come out for the second half and I think they were a bit brighter than us at the start of the second half. You know, really tried to get on the front foot. And, you know, we did carry a threat as well, but I think they just looked a little bit sharper. But then the manager made a change, which I didn't necessarily agree with, to be honest. He took Solomon Rondon off and brought on some Gomez on. Now, no issue with them bringing Gomez on. No issue with them taking Rondon off, but putting a woby through the middle and taking Rondon off to me was just the same decision. Now, if Rondon couldn't genuinely carry on, because he was knackered fair enough, he should have put Ellis Sims on. If Ellis Sims was fitting up to be on the bench, he should have come on for me, because at least he's going to play through the middle. Alexa Woby isn't a centre for, but doesn't have any goal threat in him whatsoever. And I thought that just give Villa the impetus, really. We had a great chance, that being said, for Damari Gray, just before Villa scored. Picked out Eddie the box, I think he should have scored, or he certainly should have hit the target. He put it wide, and less than 60 seconds later, we were behind. Llewka Dyn, who I've had discussions with people who think he's been awful this season. I don't think he has, but tonight he did have a good game. The first goal was his fault at a position. Matty Cash gets inside and cuts inside, and it's a finish struck with his left foot to give Villa the lead. And after that, it was game over. It always had the feeling that whoever got the first goal would be crucial in this one. We couldn't get it, we should have done through Damari Gray. They did get it through Matty Cash. And then, Dean Smith put on Leon Bailey. Anyone who watches Toffy TV will know I've been going on about Leon Bailey for some time. I did not want him to come on and have this kind of impact, but he did. He came on and whipped in a tremendous corner. Llewka Dyn headed past, asked me a beg of it to give Villa the two goal lead.  He broke Ben Godfrey, I think, awful for the third goal to stop running. Bailey ran on to it and smashed it in for three, and he'll be four getting himself injured. And he'll probably be off for another month now or wherever, but he's done his bit to damage Everton today. Thorally frustrating second half display. In fact, abysmal last half an hour from Everton today, and Rafa Benitez has got some work to do, because that's certainly that last eight. It wasn't good enough, and it wasn't what Everton had been like this season. So very disappointed with that. If I had to pick a man of the match, possibly be Yeri Mina. I don't think any of them had a particularly good game, to be honest with you. Sorry, I'm going to say Yeri Mina. So yet there you go. Villa thoroughly deserved the win. Everton have lost the first game of the season. Got to dust ourselves down and get on with it, haven't we? More disappointed with the injuries, to be honest. We suffered more injuries than any other team last season. In fact, we were the only club to have every squad member injured at some time last season, and the injury case continues this season. We haven't been able to feel anything like a strong squad for any other game so far, and we're not going to either, judging by the news today. So disappointing, but a fair play to Villa. Give the video a thumbs up, subscribe if you haven't, and if you want more videos, join us on Patreon. See you later.


All right. Hello everyone. Thank you all for coming. So I'm Yuan. I'm a product manager and developer evangelist at Chenling So today I would like to discuss the problem that you are solving at Chenling So the smart contract connectivity problem First off, why does smart contracts? Why do smart contracts matter? Why do we like smart contracts? Why is there super practical and super well revolutionary? First, smart contracts have some really key properties. They are deterministic. They are reliable They are number proof. Whatever input you have into a smart contract, you will know the output Now that's a big change from the digital agreements that you have today So in today's words for a derivatives contract for an insurance contract for trade finance It can always be delayed, right? So let's say a payment needs to be done once a package is delivered Well, for some reason this payment could be delayed by a third party which could act maliciously or just be Unreliable, right? So basically digital agreements of today are quite unsure. They are unreliable and if you have a choice to Basically have our world economy turned into some things that is better That is more secure and more reliable than we should probably do it, right? so Smart contracts are great, but why are we not using them today? Why today? Don't you have all the enterprises or businesses using smart contracts? Well currently smart contracts cannot communicate with the outside world It means that the real world data. So market fields IOT data for trade finance for insurance All of this stuff is not accessible on smart contracts So basically there are siloed and that's where the interoperability aspect comes If you don't have access to real world data, you have access to nothing. Basically you have access to the data That's on the blockchain This data is not going to change a word. You're not going to make a lot of stuff with it, right? so Let's go over the history of smart contract to basically see where where we came from and where we want to go So at first when Bitcoin came we had multi-sig So basically multi-sig if you had multiple signatures you allow the transaction to happen So here you got a couple of inputs which were the signatures and the outputs Which would always execute was allowing the transaction to happen Then we got protocol up-code smart contracts. So basically you had a smart contract you wanted to Unmitted into the protocol you had to contact the protocol developers for them to kind of implement your smart contract so that's a very bad approach because first it's very lengthy it takes time to implement and It's very insecure because you have to modify the protocol control the protocol codes each time You don't want to start touching protocol codes every time you want to implement something, right? It's very insecure. So then we got Ethereum the saviour basically which Created a 10x improvement on what you had before Now you are able to have smart contracts which could be rolled up in a few well hours a few days and Without needing any protocol change, right? so when this happened we saw the wave of tokens emerging so basically People had the freedom to start coding up tokens releasing them on the blockchain and that's what happened Like you if you give developers tools they'll start building and they'll start creating stuff That you didn't think of before so that's what happened We had a lot of tokens being created and that's fine. That's great However, it didn't change your right like nothing got disrupted really it kind of created a movement But if you want to take it further if you want to kind of disrupt to kind of create something better more transparent More secure for the enterprises the businesses Then we need to go a step further. What is a step further? It's basically allowing smart contracts to have access to real-world data So real-world data, what are those well market prices insurance? Like basically everything as it can be in a digital agreement As of today, we need to have it on the blockchain We need all the important inputs to be fed into smart contracts to trigger reliable contracts which can basically allow you to have services which You had before in digital agreements, but which were unreliable, right? So Basically to kind of explain what I was saying here we have basically data providers, which would be market prices, which would be IoT data and Basically those will allow you to have smart contracts for for instance, if you want to track the package delivery of well of a package, right, so you have multiple API endpoints which are feeding you Which are tracking a certain package when this package gets delivered you will have access To a payment, right, so you want to do a payment. Let's say in Bitcoin. So Basically in this case, you need to have access to the price of Bitcoin. So you meet multiple Data fins to provide you with this price. So that's what I'm saying. Basically, it's having inputs which are Which will basically allow you to trigger a smart contract which will do a payment Which will basically generate an output and in this case you need for the insurance contract. I was discussing the tracking of the delivery of the package delivery and the price of Bitcoin for instance So you have multiple use cases with sending to have the inputs the outputs and being able to communicate across blockchains basically so now This is fine. We want secure input. We want secure outputs and now how do we achieve it? Well first? Let's talk about how not to achieve it Let's say Currently if you were to use centralized Oracle to trigger a smart contract So let's say you have one Oracle feeding data into a highly secure highly decentralized Computation system which is built on Ethereum a smart contract now this system doesn't make much sense, right? Because you have the middle piece the smart contract, which is very secure and then you have the input Which relies on one centralized Oracle?  So you basically don't want to have an architecture where the middle part is very secure whereas the inputs and the outputs are insecure or centralized So in this case we strongly advocate against such a system, which wouldn't make sense You want and to end reliability your system is a secure as the weakest part of your system, right? So How do we have end-to-end reliability now a chain link are we we have multiple approaches to it, right? Our main approach that you are using right now is decentralization so very similar to Ethereum to Bitcoin where you have multiple actors each of these Actors has a version of the state of the network. So basically of the block that should be Appended to the blockchain well here each Oracle has a version of the data that should be fed into the smart contract and probabilistically We can assume that if most Oracle's have the same version of the data then this data is probably reliable. It's probably the right data, right? Very similar to consensus in Bitcoin or in Ethereum So we are using decentralization to find out what the right data point is what the source of truth that you'll be using in your smart contract is So that was the example I was talking about previously, but I forgot that I had this slide here So too bad Well, just to go over it you have a delivery package API, which is easy post Which will feed data into your smart contract. You have multiple oracles to do this basically having multiple oracles feeding you the same data source is Important because if you had only one if it was taken down or malicious it could probably lie, right? So having multiple ones is an insurance For security and for reliability So once your package got delivered something will be triggered inside the smart contract which says okay Package got delivered. I should make a payment. How do we make these payments in Bitcoin? So you have multiple oracles each one of them using Data provider which will be basically feeds the right price for the for Bitcoin And you can now make this Bitcoin payment from your smart contract So that's basically how we envision That's a simple use case, right, but you have so many out there like let's say for insurance you could have You know the new Tesla cars have a black box in the car, right? so you could have IOT data feed data to your smart contract whenever a Tesla car gets into an accident or something similar the black box will signal it to the smart contract and you'll be able to reimburse Automatically using an insurance contract the person who who got into the accident, right? So that's another example and you have so many out there like basically every digital agreements can be transformed into a smart contract so Yeah, basically our line of body of work a chain link is creating multiple chain links multiple oracle and data providers Which can allow you to have all the functionalities that basically currently iOS developers or Android developers have whenever you create Uber was created for instance read access to Google API, right? You had access to SMS API to payment API. Well, we want to have the same for smart contract developers We want to give you guys the tools to have Access to whatever API you need to build complex systems which can one day disrupt and revolutionize smart like digital agreements basically it's about making Smart contract the main form of digital agreements in today's societies and for this you need the right tools to do it, right? So that's basically our vision now on our security We have multiple approaches, right? But the more secure the better if you are going to trigger smart contracts with Where basically billions or trillions of dollars could one day depend on you need very very highly secure Inputs and outputs. So Decentralization is one approach. We have another one which is called the T trusted execution environment So chaining recently is working with the ic3 basically ic3 developed down cracker down cracker is basically An oracle which is using the trust execution environment to feed data into smart contracts. So T's have some very Interesting proper properties first one is a very small attack surface. So whenever you're using the TE It cannot be accessed by the OS or the application so there is a very small attack surface on this kind of hardware which is trusted execution environment and How does it work exactly? So what is the TE and how do we use it like down cracker for instance? Let's say you you want to feed data into a smart contract So you'd have a down cracker contract on the blockchain. It will get a request from a user contract to provide data it will ask the node operator which is running a trusted execution environment to provide this data and This node operator like the TE is composed of an enclave and an enclave is a part of the trusted execution environment which is Basically which guarantees your confidentiality and integrity So the one can see what's an opera what's a node operator is running and even the node operator cannot see What code he's running, right? So basically it allows you to be fully confidential in what you're doing and This property of confidentiality and integrity allows to have many use cases The first one is basically off-chain your computation where you can send encrypted codes to the trusted execution environment It will decrypt it it will compute it and then it will send it back So that's one of the properties another one is being able to manage credentials So now that you know that trust execution environments allow you to be fully confidential free private Even the node operator cannot access it It means that basically you can send credentials to it and no one will be able to see what these credentials are so let's say you want to do a payment using a banking API or PayPal, you know, whatever like you'll be able to send these credentials to the trusted execution environment for it to be processed and It's the same for private keys. I think a very nice property which Which you should be able to appreciate is basically being able to use private keys which can be managed by node operators running teas and Since no one can see this private key It can just be sent and it can allow to sign to sign transactions on other block chains, right using The nice property of confidentiality is a trusted execution environment offers So, yeah, let's not go too much into this Yeah, basically, I think that's mostly what I wanted to discuss. So just quick recap. I Think it's important to understand that Inputs and outputs like what you're trying to do a channeling is really securing and connecting the real-world data to smart contract to the blockchain words, so You can ever be too secure to do this That's why we are we want to use defense in-depth approach. We use decentralization We use trusted execution environments and we are going to use many other solutions. So we are using We are thinking about many other ones So we want to be able to connect all the real-world data into smart contracts for you guys to be able to develop compelling applications which can one day disrupt Today's digital agreement. So basically our mission is to give you guys the tools to build stuff that currently can be built with applications such as iOS and Android Be able to build these applications on the blockchain and leverage the smart contracts Which have such nice properties such as not relying on third parties being deterministic and so many others So it's basically building tools which can allow to Build more secure more transparent and more efficient systems for developers And that's about it. We've been on blocks. Also, we've been on the main net for I think two weeks So we are currently ramping up more and more on our integration site So I don't know if you guys saw the Google announcement recently where Google will be using chain link to provide Big query data into Ethereum. So basically chain link is used as a middle Where to do this and we have partnerships with Swift we have partnerships with many crypto companies and blockchains and we want to make this vision come true, which is to basically Interoperate between crypto and the real world. We want to kind of Take crypto out of the intranet where it is currently basically. It's very siloed You know and it doesn't communicate with the real world and take it to some things that can really kind of change the words Basically, so yeah, that's it. Thank you. And if you have any questions, happy Hey, thank you very much. It was a great talk This TEE trusted execution environment. It's something like super evolutionary to me. Is it already something that Works? Is it like can I see it somewhere in the code? Yeah, it has it has a lot of promises It also has some vulnerabilities currently many companies are working on it Intel SGX arms also is using its own implementation. So you can go to tantra website and see Basically in production use cases, but it's I think too early to have contracts rely With billions of dollars on it. So it's it has a lot of promises. It could really revolutionize a lot of stuff We are doing currently like but still takes more time Like I think it's the second layer of the defensive depth approach You know like the first one that you have to remember is decentralization Second one, which is very nice to have is TEE if it works. It's huge. Yeah Just wanted to confirm a bit the architecture really quick So chain link has its own network. It's its own chain and it has permission to write to contracts on Ethereum with real-world data Yeah, so sorry chain link is not its own chain So basically chain link deploys smart contract on Ethereum currently we are doing Ethereum But we are blockchain agnostic right so we want to be on every big blockchain where smart contracts are developed So there is smart contract on Ethereum this smart contract Which will receive a query from a user contract the user contract wants to get some piece of data Market prices IoT data, whichever, you know So it queries a chain in contract which will carry an oracle nodes Which is off chain and this oracle node will query Data source will fetch data from an API endpoint, right or multiple API inputs So that's the way it is and so you know, it's not its own chain However, we have node operators to run these nodes basically these oracle nodes we are talking about So it's not its own chain, but it has its own kind of economic system and the game theory system. Yeah Great. Thank you. Thank you. Okay. Thanks a lot John


The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of crisis communication in addressing global health threats. Inadequate crisis communication can have dire personal and economic consequences, and research shows that constant news feeds related to COVID-19 infection and death rates can increase the risk of mental health problems. Media reports that include infodemics regarding the influence of COVID-19 on mental health may be a source of adverse psychological effects on individuals. Unfortunately, media and news organizations have played minimal roles in battling COVID-19 infodemics, with common refrains including cure-nome conspiracies, false Chinese virus narrative, and disinfectant cures for COVID-19. This paper identifies ways that legacy media reports on COVID-19 and social media-based infodemics can result in mental health concerns. Possible crisis communication solutions include a fact-based, person-centered, and collaborative response to COVID-19 reporting, focusing on the core issue of how to slow or stop COVID-19 transmission effectively. This article was authored by Jiahui Su, Dean MacDonald, Jun Wen, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


She said, she said, she said, she said, she said N***a, why did you tell me you love me? When you know you really don't, when you know you really don't Playin' my feelings to get what you want, to get what you want She said, she said, to get what you want I said, I'm sorry for makin' you hurt You gave me your heart, including your trust And that's what made it worse I wasn't thinkin' at all about your feelings I shoulda put you first I know you woulda never did me like this Why did you tell me you love me? You ain't the same as me On my knees, I'm beggin' you please I want you to leave another chance She said, I really don't She say, don't call her phone, just leave her alone


Hello, hello and welcome everybody to learn with the expert we are so excited to have you here with us today as we are waiting for everyone to join. We would love to have you introduce yourself in the chat. Please share where you're from what your role is your grade level. The chat is located on the right hand side of your screen. If you don't see it. Look at the bottom right corner in the bottom right corner, and you'll see a little chat icon just go ahead and tap on that to open it up. But we are so excited to have with us tonight the founder of the summer model, which is a model for technology integration Mr Ruben went to door with us today. He is going to share how technology can help us develop the skills and solutions that prepare for unpredictable events while improving what we're doing right now. Before we do dive in, I do have a few housekeeping items for us. If you do have questions during the session that you would like Dr pointed or to answer. Please just click on the Q&A tab and drop your questions there. This just ensures that we don't miss any of those amazing questions that you have coming in. If there are any questions that go unanswered, we will definitely reach out to you and answer them after the webinar. All other comments, ideas, reactions, thoughts can be put in the chat so that everyone who's joining us today can view them. So again, if you're just popping in, make sure your chat in your Q&A tab are open in the right hand corner, click on the chat icon to open it up and then you will have the option to toggle between the chat and the Q&A. You'll also notice that there is a handout tab and that tab will include the handout from today's session. This session is being recorded. So you will receive a link to the recording as well as the handout and the presentation from today and the certificate of completion from this webinar in about 24 to 48 hours after the session is complete. So let's see who we have joining us here today. Hi, Kathy from El Paso. Welcome. We have Margaret Pre-K through 4 from Upstate New York. Hi, Julie. Welcome, welcome. Michelle, welcome. We have somebody from some people from Quebec on the line. Hello, Nancy. This is Veronica, first grade, Cummings Elementary, Juliet. All right, Juliet, not too far from me. I am located in Chicago. So you're just a hop, skipping a jump. Hi, Juliet, kindergarten teacher. I'm also a former kindergarten teacher, so I see my people in the chat. All right. Well, welcome everybody. Oh, we have Emma from Singapore. Welcome. So we definitely are representing from all over the world. So thank you for joining us. So now that we know who you are, let's introduce our team here. So I am Mia. I am the training and professional development specialist here at CSAH. And as I mentioned, I'm a former kindergarten teacher and I am based in Chicago. So welcome everybody. At CSAH, we believe that effective integration of technology really makes those new learning experiences possible. So that's why we're so excited to have our expert with us today. So without further ado, let's introduce our expert. We are honored to have Dr. Ruben Puentadora, who is the founder and president of Hypocys, a consulting firm which focuses on transforming applications of technology in education. He is the creator of the SAMR model, which is a technology integration model used for selecting, using and evaluating technology in education. Ruben is here to share a teacher perspective of learning technologies today to discover how technology in our schools and classrooms can not only be preventative against unforeseen events, but truly transformative. So welcome very much Ruben. We are so excited to have you today. Thank you. Really, it's a pleasure and honor to be here. I'm very, very happy to be with all of you here today. So let me tell you a little bit what we're going to be talking about today. What I want to focus on is thinking about learning technologies today, a teaching perspective, but it's going to be a presentation as we're going to see in several parts because the first part of this is going to be why. Why do we want to use technology in education? Now, you could say, well, of course we have all of these advantages. There are things we can get from it and so on that we couldn't get otherwise. I noticed in the chat some of you are already familiar with my summer model, so you know what that says. But I have to be honest with you, the urgency of incorporating technology into education has increased since I originally created the summer model. In particular, that was driven home by the pandemic where everybody had to very quickly go into emergency remote learning when the pandemic started and then over time different, I noticed we have people from different countries, so different countries with different approaches, different regions within countries, etc. But no matter where you were, technology played a key role in how education and educational initiatives progress during the pandemic. We are in effect now living in a black swan world because it's not just the pandemic. It's a whole series of things and that's where I want to start. I want to start with the world that has made it not just desirable, but frankly necessary for us to look at how we incorporate technology in education and how we make that make a real difference moving forward. So, black swans, the black swan is an unforeseen event cannot be predicted. If you can predict it, it's not a black swan by definition. And it has a major impact on the way things happen, the way things are conducted, etc. And of course this affects education like anywhere else. When you have a black swan event, there are four possible paths that can happen after the event. The worst one is existential risk. Existential risk is when your institution or the project or program you're working on ceases to exist as a result of the black swan event. And that's of course the worst case scenario. A common one is what's sometimes called near term risk. That's when you come out from the black swan, but with some damage. In other words, you come out from the black swan event, not in as good shape as you went in with some issues in terms of what you couldn't do, what you'll be able to do moving forward. It may affect how many people you're working with. It may affect what you can undertake. It may mean that projects that you have worked on have had to be cancelled or delayed indefinitely. So that's near term risk. So neither of those is obviously a desirable outcome. The one most people talk about is the third, resilience.  We made it through and we're pretty much the same we were after the black swan that we were before the black swan. And that's the one people focus on, but it's actually not necessarily the single most desirable one of these. And the most desirable one of these is what Nassim Taleb who created the whole terminology around black swan calls antifragility.  So you're able to do things you weren't able to do before. You're able to do some things better than you did before. Now people ask, wait, does this mean a black swan event is good? No, I'm saying it is that a lot of things happen. So we saw within the pandemic, a lot of things that were hard, difficult, sad, tragic happened. But some institutions were able to pick up new skills, new competencies, new approaches to things that then they've been able to continue using in the world after the peak of the pandemic and to come up with new approaches, new ideas based upon this. But the thing is, antifragility doesn't just happen. You have to seed the ground for it. You have to prepare the context for it. Now, one other thing that people sometimes say is, okay, we get why the antifragility would be desirable, but what about just sticking with resilience? Isn't that good enough?  You're still okay. But if you plan only for resilience and you slip from that, then you fall to near-term risk and sadly, you can even fall lower to existential risk. So it's prudent to just say resilience is good or not. In fact, it's actually a fairly risky strategy in a world such as the current one, where what I'm going to point out is we're not just looking at one source for black swans. It's not just the pandemic, rather it's a whole series of different contexts.  So we have climate change is one what we're seeing with climate change worldwide. Pandemics, not just obviously COVID, but other pandemics. We are already seeing some discussion of whether bird flu, for instance, could become a pandemic, but there are others from Dengue, et cetera, depending on where you are in the world. And finally, the whole aspect of human movements. In other words, the fact that humans don't stay put. And this refers to everything from migrations, to immigration, to emigration, to refugees, to situations such as sharp increases or decreases in the population of a region in a country. So I'm encompassing all of these, including also whether people are living in cities or in towns, et cetera, within this nesting ground of human movement. These three external nesting grounds. And then we have three internal nesting grounds that have to do with how people use technology, how people work and how people want to live. So those are what I call the future present of IT, the future present of work and the future present of living. And because all of you are teachers, one of the things that's important to me is that we come away from this with something you can take away and not just say, okay, that's generic, but to think a little bit more about how will you do two things? How will you start thinking about how you might shift content that you might be including as a result of having to include these elements on the table. But also how you teach that content, how your students learn that content, how your students use it and interact with it. So let me go a little bit more in detail into each one of these. I mentioned climate change. These are figures from the IPCC report. And what I want to point out is that the two lowest curves are the ones everybody wishes we could make. They are sometimes called the 1.5 degree curve is the lowest and so on. But the truth of the matter is we're most likely on a path to the middle curve. Now that means that depending on where you are in the world, you're going to see either as you see on the right-hand side, more frequent hot temperature events, or you might see more frequent heavy precipitation events, or you might see more frequent droughts. It depends on where you are. It depends on your context. But no matter where you are in the world, this is going to affect you. So start thinking about, well, what will your students need to know to handle a world in which climate is not a steady presence, will not be throughout their lives, will have more of these unusual events, will create more context where they have to decide what to do, react to it, etc. Similarly with pandemics, one of the things we have to realize is pandemics are no longer localized. They are globalized. They are in a world that is interconnected. And because of that, as we saw with COVID, things spread very quickly, diversify very quickly. And then once diversified, we spread. This is today. I always update this slide before I make a talk, if I'm going to talk about pandemics, because I want people to realize that it's not that you've seen a landscape where you say, well, COVID has stopped mutating, has stopped spreading. That's not what we're seeing at all. We continue to see changes. We continue to see changes in which variant is present where. And this would be true of any pandemic. So again, think about this. What type of skills, what type of thinking skills do students need in order to be able to comprehend this type of world? What type of knowledge do they need to have about the world? Clearly, they need to understand the world. They need to understand that where they live, of course, has certain characteristics. But what are the places that they don't live? Do they have right now a real image of those places? Or do they have something that may have been collated from media, film, stories, etc. that is not really connected to a reality? So again, give that some thought. I mentioned human movements. Now I picked the USA here, but I could have just as well done this with some other regions of the world. The World Bank has equivalent. I just want to show just one source of migration patterns. As climate change occurs, people move because they have to. Either areas in this particular study, it's a question of sea level rise, either go underwater or so affected by coastal changes that they are no longer easily inhabitable, or at least inhabitable in the same way they were before. And what you see here is something that shows over the balance the next 75 years. What is expected to happen in the US? For those of you who live here in the US, you can see that you have everything from areas that are affected very directly, if you're on the coast, of course. But there is about half of the US is affected to a degree where the local population sees increases in the deepest red areas, for instance, over 9% increase in the local population as a result of displacements of other populations. So again, what does this mean? How do we have students think about these migratory patterns? How do we work with students? In fact, how do you create a certain sense of continuity when your students themselves may be moving from one region to another, maybe, in fact, themselves part of these migration patterns? So that's for the environmental. Now, let's look at the relational nesting grounds. So let's talk first about what's the future present of IT. And information technology is progressing at a galloping pace. I'm just showing you here three key components that in one way or another affect how you teach today. How your students interact with the world around them and how they will enter further education or the workplace tomorrow. And you have social media, which you see here on the left. You can see that it's not by any stretch of imagination a simple or monolithic picture. It's a picture that's very diversified according to socioeconomic status, according to location, according to age. And again, if I try to show you this for the world, I have to show you a different chart like this for every country in the world, because in fact, there are significant differences in this. But this world is one that your students are interacting with and will interact with and will interact with. So one of the questions is, how do you bring elements of this into your teaching so that they become elements of learning in themselves? Because we all know, of course, about the problems with misuse of social media. We are all talking about how we work with students so that they learn how to use social media effectively and powerfully. And the other two that you see there at the top, you see artificial intelligence in this particular form in the form of generative AI for images. And what you see there is part of a study I'm doing right now which is a study on thinking about what could schools look like in terms of a world with climate change in terms of a world where solar power, wind power, other forms of energy become more crucial and where also we start to incorporate other elements. For instance, what we learned about ventilation and space during the pandemic, et cetera. How do you bring that in? And in particular, I'm exploring the idea through the lens of an architect, Antonio Gaudi, the Catalan architect, who himself did design and practice school back in the 1930s. So this is, I'm using artificial intelligence to help me think through this, to generate. Not one, not two, the backdrop behind me, the one you see on that, I want to send thousands of images I've generated to explore the idea to think about what might be possible. After all, if you have heard about ChatGPT, I am not going to be talking about ChatGPT. If any of you are curious, I'm giving a talk next week on ChatGPT. I'm participating in a discussion forum. But we also have that as a tool for artificial intelligence that can generate text, that can generate integration of text. What do we do with that? What works? What doesn't work? What do we have to look out for? What can we benefit from? And then finally, the third element here to keep in mind as you're thinking about the future present of AI, sorry, of technology, is the whole aspect of the physical computing. And this is, for instance, a little 3D model, which I'll just show you. I have it right here too, so it's not just a simulation that really is a physical model. So the fact that we can use 3D printers to take ideas and project them as physical objects into the world, but we can also interact with the world via extended reality, et cetera, to superimpose information on it. So we're looking at the range of technologies and technology uses that go well beyond what we've had in the past. And again, you might use some of these, a few of these might not use any of these for a particular project. But as you're thinking about how do we construct learning experiences for our students, how do you do something relative to, say, each one of these? How do you bring physical computing or social media or artificial intelligence into what you do? How do you teach students to use these responsibly and well used and creatively so that they can expand what they are thinking about? Future of work. One more thing, I'll just make this very quick. As we look at the future of work, we're not looking at jobs which are monolithic. We're looking at jobs where things become not so much occupation based. It's not like saying you are ex.  You do all of these things.  You do all of these things.  But whether your job becomes segmented. Some segments are handled by technology. Some segments are handled by new groupings, new partnerships with other people. This is different. This is a world of team-making and team-breaking, teaming up with technology in a sense that our students have not had an experience with that we haven't had an experience with in many cases. So again, what would you create? How do you create special team-based tasks that might relate to this? How would you create tasks that have your students use technology so that they're using it as a partner rather than as something that takes over something completely or conversely is just a very remote tool, but you're doing all the heavy lifting? And last but not least, how do we want to live in the future? There's lots of things that have been discussed. People have talked about, for instance, that people don't want to go back to work in an office and right now we seem to have stabilized at least in the US at around 50% of its occupancy regardless of what businesses have said to workers. So that's a component that lots of these have been talked about, but I always like to show something that people don't necessarily expect. And in the context of the pandemic you've seen a lot of bad news, frankly. But there's also been some good news and one of the things that has shifted during the pandemic is that we're seeing or we have seen during the pandemic more benevolent acts, more positive acts in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2017-2019. In other words, the pandemic appears to have brought a shift in how people interact with each other. In some context, this is... I want to be very careful. It's not suddenly everybody is 100% kind and charitable, but in some context, in some aspects such as helping a stranger, volunteering, et cetera, we are seeing a very real, definitely significant, and definitely measurable increase in these benevolent acts. So this has to do with, well, how do we want to live moving forward? Clearly, we seem to have learned something that appears to be good as a result of the pandemic. How do we strengthen this? And again, how do you build this into your classroom, into your teaching, into the experiences for your students? So this is what comes together, these six nesting grounds, and I'll try to give you a brief intro to all of them because I want to talk about all of these things from your perspective, from a perspective of a teacher. So what comes next? I want you to have this in the back of your mind and think, okay, so this is how this relates to that. This is how this relates to thinking about how we use thinking about these nesting grounds so that even when the Black Swan hasn't struck, even when it still is somewhere in those nesting grounds, we're already ready with the work that we're doing with students, with how our students are learning, with what our students are learning. This is an example from a talk I gave two months ago in Stockholm. And this is what people asked me to talk about because it was a context of other presenters. And you can see that we have all of these triangles, right? With AI because it becomes a key aspect of the world that you're inhabiting, each of these triangles, and each of these triangles poses some type of a new development that will relate to jobs, invention, technologies, what your students will be interacting with, but also challenges. So look at the one in the bottom right, for instance, health technology and ageism interacting with AI. Health technology will allow us to better deal with some of the illnesses, troubles, problems that can accompany old age, but ageism can also come to the foreground if not carefully controlled for if we don't learn better how to avoid this and if we don't accidentally in the process of creating all of this create, if you will, a cult of youth. So this is just one of many examples and I'll go into all of the diagram. But this is an example of how these things come together when you're thinking about the future, when you're thinking about the world your students will inhabit and how these nesting grounds help shape these types of interactions, these types of challenges moving forward. Because at the end of the day, you can talk about how to make a unit of instruction, antifragile, a course antifragile, a degree whatever your degree granting level is antifragile. You can talk about how to make an institution antifragile but your teachers, your faculty, your educators, you're working with learners, your learners yourselves because it's how you make student learning antifragile. And that's what I want to talk about in the second part because I want to talk about building antifragile learning. Okay. I mentioned a lot of things were learned during the pandemic. A lot of things came out during the pandemic that even for the pandemic itself was tough, tragic, difficult, et cetera. None of the lessons were important. One of the things that came out that was important is the fact that to build antifragile learning using technology, technology became essential during the pandemic. You need to be using it not at levels at which you're just doing the same old things you were doing before but at levels at which you're doing new things. And those of you who know my model, the SAMR model, know that, of course, this is what the SAMR model is all about. In other words, I'm going to briefly review the model in the context of something that came up during the pandemic but very briefly right now, one of the things that came out from the pandemic is that uses of technology at the lower level, two levels, substitution when you're using it to do the same thing you were doing before or augmentation when you're doing what you were doing before but you're doing it a bit better with more polish or with some details or aspects you weren't embarking upon before. Those are great for getting up to resilience but if you are getting into antifragility you really need to be pushing into the upper two levels of SAMR into the modification level where you're significantly redesigning a task and the redefinition level where you're creating new tasks that were not conceivable before without the technology that actually changed your outcomes dramatically. So this is the model. As I say, I know some of you know it but I also want to make sure we're all on the same page. So let me show you an example that relates to the pandemic and that is during the pandemic we went at different points into what you could call a hybrid state where some things were face-to-face, some things were online or remote and the things that were face-to-face or remote could fall into one of three categories. It could be a location where the student was, where the teacher was, where the environment was. It could also be the resources that were being leveraged whether they were online, physical resources, and also the content. Where did that content reside? Was it something local? Was it perhaps an observation a student could do in their backyard or was it something online that they were accessing a shared content with other students? And each of these could be mixed in different ways. So for instance, you had students working with physical resources in an online compass. You had them working with physical books, physical paper, physical instruments in an online compass where they were sharing discussions, etc. So the three of these don't all need to be all online or all face-to-face. They can be a mix. But this is a hybrid world and one of the things that then we decide is, okay, so we define a hybrid mode of learning. Some students, for full hybrid learning, you're talking about some students being online and some students being face-to-face. Some instruction takes place synchronously. Some instruction takes place asynchronously and you can have changes in which students are face-to-face or which students are online over time. Okay, so this is a hybrid mode of learning as opposed to pure face-to-face or pure online. And what we found is that there is a scaffolding that can take place so that we can look at this hybrid aspect and say, how do we use the technology to get the best results, the most mileage, etc., out of what's going on. So let's use the SAMR model to help guide this process. So substitution. Here, we're saying, okay, we're replacing what we were doing before, talking with students, meeting with students face-to-face and now we're meeting them online. All right? And what we did is we switched to Zoom. Or sorry, Zoom was the most common platform for most of the schools I've worked with, but obviously other platforms, whether it was Google Video or Teams or whatever platform, it doesn't matter. So I'll just sort of zoom here as an example. But one of the key things then is that what you had is robust telepresence. It's what you're trying to do. You're trying to say, let me do as good a job interacting with students in this virtual world as I did face-to-face. Now, this is one of the places where I say substitution doesn't necessarily mean 100% mimicry, okay? One of the things that we found, for instance, is that you did better if you didn't have the students just staring nonstop at the camera for exactly the same amount of time without any pauses, interruptions, etc., as you would have during the day. Rather, you had to create special rhythms, special changes, etc., so that you could make the best possible use of that telepresence. So it's important to realize that substitution doesn't mean 100% mimicry. It means that you're doing the same, achieving the same goals using the tool set. All right, so far so good. At augmentation, you start to see more impact, okay? So, small impact, but nonetheless measurable. And in terms of what we saw during the pandemic, in terms of how to use the cybert spaces, is where we have what I'm calling shared conceptual spaces. So here, for instance, I'm showing you a concept map and having students be able to interact, work together within these conceptual spaces online. Why am I calling them conceptual spaces and saying, well, they're just sharing a document? Because the improvement of the augmentation was to say, well, hold on. Because some of the sharing is taking place synchronously, some of it may be taking place asynchronously, you can think just a little bit, not just as to saying how do I make the students make this shared slide, the shared concept map or whatever it is online, but actually how do they improve their exploration of concepts together in this online space in ways that are a bit different and a bit better than what they would have done if they had only had, got the concept map or looking at it in class for the next half hour, work together in teams, that's it. So that's where the whole aspect of shared conceptual spaces comes in, this is at the augmentation level. So now we've got our video platform, now we've got shared spaces that the students are working on. What takes us above the line? What takes us to the place where we start to see true antifragile practices emerge? Well, this is where we start to see new ways for the students to interact. Now remember what I said a few minutes ago about different teamwork and so on? One of the things that online, face-to-face, particularly if you have hybrid and particularly if you have both synchronous and asynchronous modes, is that it allows you to start to explore the different types of enhanced social networks, I'm discussing here, that come from different team building activities. And what I'm showing you here is a social network map analysis tool, you don't need that obviously necessarily to set the teams. If you're trying to analyze what's going on in your class. But one of the things this allows for you to do is to say how can you create new structures, new explorations for team formation, team-breaking, team-making, et cetera, team dynamics that you couldn't have done otherwise. So you're significantly redesigning the task. It's not just now a slight enhancement to teamwork. It's significant redesign of the whole aspect of teamwork. And that takes you to the modification level. Finally at the redefinition level is when you say, what can you create with the technology in ways you never could have before? And here is where the beauty of having students inhabiting different spaces comes into full play. Or even if they're inhabiting the same space what they can do when they are in those different spaces at different times. So what I have here as one possible example, there are many I could have chosen, is the idea of a shared live space. And you can do this within YouTube live. You can do this in any real live creation platform. And here I have one student who is creating music. That's a little simp that they've built that you see on the lower left hand side. Remember when I was talking about the physical aspects of computation? Okay, so here I'm bringing in those physical aspects of computation. And the other student who lives, but because of, I will assume some type of distance and saying to you whether it's the pandemic or a climate event, et cetera, can't come physically to the school. And they're presenting a space they are particularly fond of. This happens to be the Clark Art Museum, which is near where I live, but could be any space that has some meaning to a student. And between the two of them, they're creating something jointly that they could not have created without the technology. Whether it's the accompaniment for this physical object that creates music and so on that a student has designed to their specification to complement the work they are creating as a performance and online discussion and online presentation around the space. So these are new tasks. These are tasks that we could have said, well, the students could have done some, they could have done some performance or they, that would have been great. They could have made something together, that would have been great. But this type of sharing across space and time in ways that integrate the physicality of computing in ways that integrate what the students can say about this is where I live, this is what matters to me and this is what matters to me right now that I'm not just telling you when I'm here and that's there, then that becomes a task at the redefinition level that we've seen very good use for very good results from this type of task during the hybrid mode imposed by the Black Swan of the pandemic. So that's a review of the SAMR model with this in mind. Now, to complement the SAMR model, I'm going to give you a brief intro to another model that again, I think some of you are familiar with but not all of you and that's the AdTech Quintet because the SAMR model says, okay, this is how you use technology. The AdTech Quintet says, well, what kinds of technologies are there and what should we do with them? And I'm just going to give you a very brief introduction here. I want to make clear that there's plenty of additional exploration we could do within this but for today, I just want to get a little bit of the lexicon and get you thinking about the range of these five technologies that are particularly relevant, important, powerful in education. There are social tools, mobility tools, visualization, storytelling, and gaming. Let me go into each one very briefly in more detail. Social tools refers to used to communicate with each other hear things with each other, create things jointly with each other in an online space. All right, so that's class number one. Class number two, mobility refers to the fact that the devices we're talking about as we found out during the pandemic well, I found out we had to leverage the internet are usable anytime, anyplace and that means that was crucial for being able to make hybrid modes or distance modes work properly in education but it also means that we can think about, yes, this device in the physical world and remember I just showed you the student that shows you the place where they live live from that space the student that creates something physical that interacts with that world so mobility refers not just to the fact that the device is nice and portable, it is but to the fact that it is an advice within the world and it's a device that can be used anyplace, anytime. Visualization refers to the fact that we have abstract concepts that we introduce to students we introduce them to a concept like space, we introduce them to a concept like time, we introduce them to concepts like number and abstract concepts are challenging because if I want to say what's a cup I can say here we go, this is a cup and I can show students a lot of cups and I say, okay, I get where the cup is but what is the space? That's a little bit more tricky but we have tools for visualization that we can use on a computer that allows for exploration of these spaces, so tools for exploring space are called digital maps on a computer for exploring time and timeline for exploring number, tools for simulation, visualization of data and so on and even tools for visualizing text which can be tools for visualizing for instance the frequency of words in a particular text or how words sequence each other or even tools that tell us how things are connected to each other so what's being connected is ideas, we call those concept maps if what's being connected are animals in an ecosystem we call them food webs so these are five major categories there are others of course but these are five key categories of how we can use the technology to take abstract concepts and make them more tangible or easy to understand richer storytelling refers to the fact that we can use the technology across this broad spot that you see on screen of different domains, different aspects to tell stories but why do we care about telling stories? well if I'm telling a story I'm making meaning for somebody else but in making meaning for somebody else I make meaning for myself so stories are a great way to integrate knowledge when I'm sharing it with others but also and in some ways I will almost argue primarily for myself and the technologies allow us then to tell stories across a broad and rich range of domains and finally we have games and people say oh why are games powerful in education? well because they're fun that's actually less, it is a factor make no mistake but it's also the fact that a game provides a challenge what I'm calling here or rather not me, Selen and Simmerman who did a lot of research on games call an artificial conflict but not a conflict that's in fight or something like that a conflict that's a challenge something to be resolved, something analogous to find a novel to find out what resolves the initial conflict of a novel, you read through the novel to resolve a conflict of a game you play the game and if you can tie that conflict to the learning that students should be or might want to undertake then you have something very powerful indeed because that challenge drives the knowledge what I always tell people is if you use a simulation, students understand cities for instance a simulation of a city is already very powerful and that would be in the visualization category but if you can tie it to a game like SimCity the learning goes through the roof because now the conflict of how do I build the biggest city, the wealthiest city, the most green city whatever happens to be that challenge, that conflict drives the learning so these are the five categories again as I said as you already heard at the beginning you're going to have all of these slides so of course you can go through these in greater detail but as I'm talking through what comes next which are going to be some examples related to this to how we use Sam or how we use the earthquake that keep the whole range in mind, keep this in mind as you think about how you might use tools, technologies etc and I also wanted to tell you to think about CISOR not just as a file cabinet okay but to think of it as a true learning management system now I know that different people will say but to have a learning management system you have to have Feature X which might relate to transcripts or something like that but to me the key aspect of learning management systems and how I would encourage you to think about a tool like CISOR in that context is how the tool can be used to structure knowledge and just the two screenshots I have here think about how this structures social interactions what's already feasible but not just how would you use CISOR to say okay have exactly the same chat you would have had before but have it online let's say wait a second can I use the tool differently, can I use it to structure some collaboration differently and on the right you have all the range of tools and again if you just say well just have the students put the video here and put the drawing there and each of these is a response so it's like a little file cabinet where you put stuff well that's better than nothing and it's useful of course but again can you use this to help students visualize how they can integrate these different aspects of technology how it's not just the photo or the drawing or the video in the same way that you might have in an earlier era that the worksheet or what have you but right how all of these come together can you use the links to bring in some things that are not in CISOR but can be linked in to it can be brought into it to complement it so I encourage you to think about CISOR as a learning management system as a platform that can do this and this is to me one of the reasons I'm very happy frankly that CISOR is hosting this because this is an important aspect about how to think about the tool set not just as a file cabinet but something that scaffolds that can scaffold the type of learning we're talking about so I want to do three quick examples here of applying SAMR to think about the types of challenges the type of aspects that we talked about in terms of modalities and I'm going to do this in progressively for progressively older students so the first one is going to be from pre-K to elementary the next one is going to be from elementary to middle and the last one is going to be from middle to high school but all of these could be adjusted for different age groups you'll see that the general idea the general template is applicable as you apply across ideas it's just obviously the sophistication and the depth is going to evolve as your students also gain deeper learning skills etc. so let's assume we're talking about literacy and one of the things we need students to think about is really about story not just because well I just told you about the adequate level as an aspect but think about all of these aspects those six nesting grounds and black swans and remember I told you black swans are not predictable one of the key aspects of story is the aspect of metaphor that which allows you to take that which you have in your story I'm allowed to take your mind from a place where it is right now to another place that might be different that skill of learning how to use story as metaphor as this little you know machine for taking your thinking from one place to another is essential if you're going to build in anti-fragile learning so let's get it added by building deep relationships to story from the get go and as you're again as I'm going through this about how you do this with your students so substitution your students are accessing stories that they love in online resources like youtube or what have you again could be videos or into so etc augmentation you might have students that are pre-literate you might have students that don't know yet how to read and write but they can still record something and add their images etc to review a book that they heard about a book another classmate of them of theirs maybe made now that's an interesting thing in and of itself so you're teaching them to think about this as a reflexive activity even from the get go this by way is one of the most successful things I've seen used over the years in working with early reading learners you know getting them to learn how to say well not just I like it or I didn't like it but this is what I like then why or this how it links up to something again this is part of scaffolding that process of building a thinking of story as metaphor at the modification level now you can say well let's bring all of these together into a social domain a review club where all of these reviews are grouped together and you're using them and people are saying well I like your review but I disagree with yours on this one and again this is also an important habit of social interaction the respectful disagreement the respectful agreement how you build from this the earlier building in the better and finally a redefinition now you can say well so far we've been talking about students talking about our story can they themselves construct stories of course we've always had students tell stories and so on but can they use the features of the technology such as voice recognition such as again tune in next week if you're curious about this aspects of chat GPT or similar AI agents to help them construct that which they might not be able to do yet at this level but aspire to etc craft the personal story in a way that they could not have using the technology share it we've got this platform etc in ways they could not have and now you're at the redefinition so this is an example how to think about some of these elements of these challenges I mentioned before in this case how to build metaphor but how to do it do something you're doing already namely teaching students how to read and write elementary to middle now let's talk about science and think about the science that's involved in climate change and how to think about climate change that is not just study how to do the standard textbook problem do the standard textbook problem it don't work that way folks I'm sorry you need your students to be actually able to engage with real data you need them to be able to engage with let's model it this way hmm that's complicated maybe we can simplify the model that way well if we have this climate change in particular has also a question of trade-offs remember I showed you the course I said well we don't love to be on the lower two curves we're probably going to be in that middle curve but one of the reasons that we have to uh decide how we go about being on any of those curves is we have to decide about trade-offs there is no such thing uh as a decision about climate change that doesn't have some trade-off involved and again we need students to think about this and they need to think about the fact that sometimes there is no simple answer it's not based upon values, objectives, goals, desires again we can get students thinking like this the better so let's see how we could do this in the context of a science unit where for instance they might be running their own greenhouse between a few things are a little different so at the substitution level replace the standard textbook with more flexible more up-to-date more directly connected elements such as podcasts text created by other schools our institutions, our faculty, our students etc uh professional greenhouse growers people that do urban horticulture for those of you who live in cities I've had great experiences working with schools in areas of urban horticulture this practice etc so this is however just substituting to develop a base a core knowledge base now remember that we need to get students thinking about both how to deal with data but also how to think about these trade-offs how to think about building up the knowledge so at the augmentation level we need the students thinking about okay I'm going to have a greenhouse how do you do things like grow lettuce so we have the students have to find out they have to research how to grow lettuce and then they have to create resources for others saying hey we're going to be growing a lot of lettuce let me make the tutorial about lettuce growing here and share it with others but you also need them to think about well tactically because you can plan lots of things but how do you go about optimizing how you plan what are the trade-offs involved in other words you're thinking about the tactic level of thinking of the individual activities optimizing those activities choosing one over the other this is not yet coming together but it's a key aspect getting tactical thinking on there and games this one for instance there are many games in this family they cooking mama here's this one this is a chef series etc but all of them focus on what's the sequence of events that allow you to do one basic thing so this is tactical thinking and you want the students developing that tactical thinking in parallel with how do we take the components that will make up our greenhouse and get them ready to go modification level now let's build out to you guessed it strategic thinking what are the things about how these things come together on the game side now you're looking at things like a dinodash and similar games where what's happening now is how you integrate all of these things together and in terms of a greenhouse you have to or a garden plot or whatever it is you have to think about well once again trade-offs if I'm going to have a harvest because hmm I don't want just eat it I will sell some of this so we have some money for the class trip or to you know have a party or whatever it is so let's think about how we're going to create a greenhouse that isn't just random tomato here letters there and that's it but all comes together so now we're thinking strategically we're thinking about how we take each of these things and say well this crop requires a lot of water so if I'm going to be watering this why don't I put next to it another crop that requires a lot of water so we figure out how to get efficient distribution of water rather than putting one that requires really dry soil do I plan what's next to each other in terms of harvest pests can I use one crop to block others from pests that's strategic thinking and that's what's happening at the modification at the redefinition level finally you're talking about saying how do you pull this all together and this is what's involved in that type of thinking that's related to climate change because you need to integrate across disciplines there is no single discipline yes of course climatology addresses climate change but there is no single discipline that has all the knowledge of economics social studies just things such as a botany biology different forms of ecological thinking biology just all the pits and pieces that come together require cross disciplinary integration that goes to a level where all of that tactile and statistical thinking that you've developed comes together to address this and again we're not asking the students let me be very clear we're giving them a rich palette because they can use this for climate change but they can also use it in the future of work for instance to decide for themselves how will they integrate those pieces that will come together in their more fragmented future how do they bring together different resources if they're looking for instance at say how they might live so what they want out of life is as rich powerful and beautiful for them as possible so here you see a game that integrates more along the lines of trade-offs so this is one of the many this is one of many sims of what now we're going beyond the diner that you're actually running a family of diners and you know they haven't paid to trade off well I'm investing more in this one customers want more of this so now you're bringing in the economics the trade-offs I may have to sacrifice some of the development here so you have this type of cross-disciplinary aspects etc and you also have the students using the data as you see in that spreadsheet from the greenhouse gradually saying this is growing this is not growing this is selling this is not selling and that's how you build upon that so that's example number two which as I say grows to how you get that richness of thinking example number three is the middle to high school level and Cynthia I'm sorry I don't know why the captions are not aligning sorry if any of you have told the captions this has just come up in the chat refreshing the screen might take care of so okay so finally the last example I want to talk about in terms of the history aspect of how to think about history at the middle to high school level is to bring in this rich matrix of concepts because all of these come into the picture where you are thinking about things like human migrations we are thinking about things like what's the past what's the future how do I work with the future how do I work with different aspects of what comes together so I need a richer aspect of history than just unfortunately memorizing a few dates a few places or just saying well this happened and this happened you need all of these things coming together and very briefly we can talk at substitution bringing in a palette of resources everything from videos about a historical phenomenon here for instance the Silk Road all the way to the archeological data so now you have students not just dealing with the textbook pre-process this is what you think about that but you have a rich sense and yes some of these are summary resources the YouTube videos for instance from the Crash Course family of videos they certainly fall into that but it's not a single simple monolithic and you start to incorporate the what type of rich resources you need augmentation you have then a question of these tools for visualization remember I talked about them well if you're going to understand as I showed you in that map the impact of those migrations people will move who will need a job who will need education how they will relate to a place where the culture around them is changing as you look at it this is something that you need to think in terms of maps and timelines and that's what I'm doing here again here I'm applying it to the Silk Road but this is the type of thinking that you need the students to be applying to to address these questions these issues using the technology at the modification level now I'm going to take a little sidestep and say wait a second Ruben you have two books there where's the technology and the answer is maybe you don't need the technology but the technology has seeded the stage for a particular approach to the teaching of history which uses that game aspect I talked about in the Ed Tech Quintet this is from what's called a reacting to the past RTTP for short approach which was developed by Mark Carnes in which students role play historical events but this isn't role playing in the sense of a student set up on stage and says I am George Washington crossing the Potomac or whatever historical figure you like rather these involve debates actual trade-offs actual people with passionate positions on both sides of an issue on multiple sides of an issue on how things have evolved how things happen and you have the students actively debate this now you might think this does this work beautifully there's a ton of research showing that not only does it work well and again all you need to do is go to the reacting to the past site and of course you'll have the slides you'll have the link from that as well but not only does the students get it they get it in a sense in which they certainly develop this type of nuance and this type of historical criteria related to that matrix I showed you earlier that says how do you need to think about these as processes that you are and finally every definition is when you say to students congratulations you are now a historian and you have students pick different topics that they will now construct using the technology to visualize complex interactions to source documents they couldn't have sourced otherwise to analyze data such as satellite pictures for instance you can do some amazing stuff with that so here I have a student working on Cajotia and this student is being a historian using everything we've talked about in the context of how to bring all of that knowledge together in a creative historical way I've given you some examples I'm going to wrap up by just showing you one last thing when you're talking about all of this we've gone into the SAMR model we've gone to the earthquake test we've gone to how to address six nesting grounds we've gone to why you want to do this you've got all of that but there's one more thing at the end of the day you need to find out is this working is this closing the loop now people say well we could give them an exam but I want to encourage you to look at formative assessment to look at types and shapes of formative assessment so that you can have evidence be used not just after the course is done so people say well this is doing got an A B so that the student and you and the peer group can make decisions and change and evolve the process of learning so it's not just okay this is what we did this is what we covered in that but rather it becomes responsive because you know what antifragile thinking requires fragility requires it requires antifragility requires the type of thinking that evolves that feeds back that involves this type of interaction this type of formative interaction and you've got the slides I'm not going to go much into this but very briefly for instance you can use an item known as a concept this just to give you one quick round to close this out in and of itself can become an aspect where you give students a multiple choice test about a topic first introduce a topic, substitution then you give them ways of exploring visualizing the topic in this case we were talking about a topic for instance in Shakespeare so you're looking at visualizing it through the lens of a world cloud again think of what I was talking about so you've got that rich perspective but now you give them a multiple choice test and instead of just saying well you got it right you have them talk with each other and you have them discuss with each other and you know what in the concept this method that both gives everybody formative assessment of oh this is what I understood this is what I didn't understand and it gives you a better base for moving forward than if you stopped everything and explained what was right what was wrong etc and finally of course once you have that you can once again focus on creating a personal response to a creative text and if you noticed I kind of bracketed this symmetrically because I opened with the pre-K to elementary learners people learning to read well here we're talking about Shakespeare so in the middle to high school domain so you get another lens for bringing all of this together so that's it those are the topics I wanted to cover for you about black swans why we want to think about anti-fragility what's the nesting grounds for black swans and how we need to respond to them and then talk about how Sam and the ATEC Quintet give you the tools for responding to this there are some additional resources on the slides again these will all be available to you in the email you get tomorrow and this is my contact information and at this point for I want to thank you all for coming I as promised I will answer any and all questions if we don't get them to them today don't worry I'll answer them in a text or make a recording you will get the question answered but for those of you who want to stay thank you so much and I'm ready to take your questions so Mia I'm not hearing you I'm sorry I think you're all right so let me look at the Q&A and let's see so let's see we have two questions looks like we have a question up here Ruben projected on the screen we have some teachers and colleagues at our school who are hesitant to use technology or CESA what would you say to get them on board maybe what kind of SAMR related response to that would you say to get them on board very good question one of the things I like to do and for those of you by the way who might be able to join us again on Thursday talking a little bit more hopefully about that is I like to work with teachers so that they build from where they're at so one of the things I ask them to do is not just leap in and say great create something at the redefinition level let's start with what you're doing and then as what's right now something in one of three categories one possibility, something that is not quite working for you right now a place where the students get stuck a second category something you love about your subject something you really want to get across but you'd like to do it even better or more effectively than you're doing right now and the third one is if you have a chance for your students to make sure that they have one key issue in mind, one key idea in mind what would it be? So pick one of those three which are towards the forefront of any teacher's mind and say okay let's see how we can use technology how we can work together to build up what I call a SAMR to get to it so you start out not trying to go straight for redefinition say okay what are you doing right now we'll replace substitution then look at those aspects that you'd either want to make a little bit better about what you're communicating or address where there might be difficulties and say how can we enhance things you still leave the activities etc much the same but you improve them a bit now you're seeing the technology in that sense your documentation at modification now you say well okay you've improved it couldn't you now do something a little differently couldn't you just rethink isn't there something else you could do with the technology bring in something else your modification and finally say okay what do you really where would you now your arts wildest dream want to go at and you go to redefinition and you want to do this if at all possible in teams so that people realize that they're not alone you want to have teachers work together I generally do these what I'm doing when working in schools with teachers I do this in groups of three to five people fewer than three you don't have enough different views to really get the creative juices fully flowing for what might happen more than five things start getting a little cluttered you can go up to seven I have done it up to seven but that's about the size of a group I would say is the water you know it's the old joke about you know not only is the water in the pond absolutely wonderful and welcoming but also there are so many things that you can do that you can create and frankly I have to be honest with you that's from the perspective of what you can but also in the perspective of as I said the aspects of what is changing I think it's also important to remind people who are hesitant to get on board that just like we have to do this during the pandemic we will have to do this and if we can do this in a way that is not emergency oriented but rather is oh we were already developing and we just enhanced it expanded it etc that will also be better so I think it's a combination of both making sure that there's a little scaffolded ladder the aspect of teamwork among teachers but also finally the important realization that this is not in the long term frankly it is not sustainable to not incorporate technologies into the picture well thank you Ruben hopefully you can hear me now I can hear you now yes okay I apologize for that but thank you for jumping in and I love what you said without being ready being proactive as opposed to being really ready for the future technologies and those nesting grounds thank you for an amazing session thank you for jumping in with questions thank you everybody for joining us today we would love for you to share your feedback on this event we use that feedback to bring additional events and topics to you and make sure that we can cater to these events to your specific needs so we will be sharing a link to a feedback form right now in the chat and it will also pop up when the webinar ends I do realize we are a couple minutes over so you have if you have to jump off that's okay this is being recorded as a reminder you will receive the recording in an email shortly after the session ends but if you can stick around for these last couple minutes that is great we also have a resource for you that has some key takeaways from our session today about how to redefine your classroom technology using CSOT and SAMR and you can find this resource in the handouts tab we are also going to drop that link in the chat and we will share it with you in the follow-up email so once again I just want to thank you Ruben for joining us and thank you for rolling with the punches with the technology issues thank you everybody for joining us today and see you again soon here at CSOT.


One of the main questions clients ask me is, what goes into my trust? What assets do I put into my trust? Placing assets properly into your trust is a key to getting the full protection your trust will give you and your family. I often refer to a trust as a safe. A trust can hold only assets that are properly titled into the name of the trust. That's the first rule. The second rule is, be sure your trust holds title to the assets it is supposed to hold title to. If you're a typical single person or a married couple, you know that your home should be titled into the name of your trust. In other words, your home should be a trust asset. But what other assets are normally titled into the name of your trust? Rentals and time shares should, so should vacant land, investment property, including property you might own in another state. Bank accounts, safe deposit box, and CDs are usually in most folks' living trusts. Again, this video is meant for educational purposes. If you have specific questions about your assets, consult your estate planning attorney or call our office for an appointment. Your business can be a trust asset in many cases. Whether you have a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or corporation, these types of assets are often held in the name of a trust. But don't just transfer your business interest without getting the advice of your business attorney. This is a tricky thing to do. Don't do anything without a proper business review. Investment accounts, and I'm not talking about 401Ks and IRAs here. Normally, IRAs and 401Ks are not a trust asset. They can be, but you don't normally involve your living trust in IRAs and 401Ks. This can be done, but don't do this without legal advice and following the necessary steps first. Finally, your life insurance. Your personal life insurance and the life insurance provided by your employer should also be a trust asset in most cases. I'm not talking about any insurance held in a life insurance trust. I'm only talking about the typical policies you buy in your life or the one your employer provides. Insurance is slightly different from bank accounts and real property because normal life insurance, your trust is not the owner. Your trust is the beneficiary. So for life insurance, in most cases, the beneficiary is your trust. So for the case of life insurance, it's you as trustee of your trust. That's the beneficiary of most life insurance policies. It sounds counterintuitive, but that's the way most estate plan attorneys handle life insurance. They make their trust, not the owner, but the beneficiary of their employer life insurance or their private life insurance. And again, I'm not talking about irrevocable life insurance trusts here. Your estate planning attorney can give you specific advice with regards to life insurance. Be sure to bring that up at your estate planning review meeting. Finally, rule number three. Be sure to have your trust reviewed by your estate planning attorney. She or he can give you specific advice as to particular assets and whether they should be titled into the name of your living trust or not. I can't stress enough how a review with your estate planning attorney is vital to your trust protection.