I had actually planned to continue the discussion on the communication requirement for what we call the community communications. But there is hardly any point in doing that with about 10 people here. So let me declare this as an open house where I would request the few participants here to ask questions on any aspect of communication skills. And we'll have a small discussion and debate around such questions. Sir, I don't really have a question but I had this small suggestion or a request if you like. So basically I like this proposal that you had given that we record videos giving some presentation at the beginning and then at the end. But in between it would have been better if there could have been some feedback on our performance. So that we would have known that based on our video, based on our presentation, these are the areas that we need to improve upon. What we have got in this course is really general guidelines that we need to follow, which is okay and we might pick up on a few of them and see improvement. But it would have been, I don't know if it is possible with such a large class in this course. But yeah, that could have been a better thing to do and more helpful in my opinion. So this is one point that you make. Feedback on first video presentation, individual feedback. I think that's a very good point. I wish it had occurred to me earlier or you had made this session earlier. We could have done that but even now there is a time, my team of TAs and Firuza and others and I personally will try to look at as many videos as possible. But these have been uploaded on a link which are visible to everyone. So here is another point that I'll make. This is an excellent suggestion and I take it. I should have done it actually. It did not occur to me, frankly. And if I ever take this course again, I will do that right up front. But you see, that is where a collaborative community would have helped. So for example, all of you have recorded your presentation because it was part of the course activity. But none of you have bothered to check your friend's presentations to give comments, right? So we are not intrinsically collaborative in nature. That's the point I'm trying to make. And this is the exalted crowd. The crowd at IIT Bombay CS department, M. Tech students are the leaders. So if the leaders intrinsically don't think of such collaboration, then there is some lacuni that we face collectively. I would like to strongly suggest that while I will implement this, although it is late as we say in Madhya Pradesh, there I am, there I am. So at least we'll do it. But I think it is equally important that a collaborative community acts on such things, independent of external importance. All of us wait for someone else to create a collaborative community. Like what is a class? It's a compulsory collaborative community. They are required to attend, come together, etc., etc. Can we not start doing it independently? So that is the point that I would like to make. In fact this is the reason why in all major online courses where peer assessment is done, the peer assessment is made part of your own evaluation. So if I submit an assignment like I submit a presentation video, it will not be rated by my peers unless I rate at least three or four other peers. So this point is well taken. Actually during the presentations they had circulated forms where you were supposed to rate people in your own group. Right. But those forms were not really given back, they were not put up where we could. Oh is that so? But I thought they were publicly notified because that was the purpose. And that's a mistake. Are the forms not on the model? Assessment. Huh? Yeah but what checking is required? Meaning? Oh. So major goof upon our part. I apologize. That was the whole purpose actually. So what was it called? Assessment forms. I now recall a brief discussion that I had with Thiruja on this. While as far as I am concerned there is no issue on this, but there was one fear expressed by someone who was listening into the conversation in my room that I might not like my assessment by six people to be seen by hundred others. So that was just one point. It's not an excuse but we differed. I remember I differed the decision on this and then I never revisited that. So apologies for that. But I agree with you that there is no harm. After all marks in a or grades in a course are always put up on the board the end of the day. So if twenty other people know my grade I don't crib about it because that is what it is. So we'll treat this as a small coherent group and we'll announce this group. This we shall do immediately. Today or tomorrow. We'll have to discover where those forms are. I hope they are kept somewhere. Any idea who is the custodian of those forms or one of my staff members? My staff members sometimes behave like right only this. That means you give them paper, they file them properly and keep them till eternity. So we'll have to make it read write desk. We'll have to risk it. I forgot to mention there is one more assignment which we usually in the past used to give pretty early in the course but we have differed it considering that other aspects of literature, survey, proper writing etc. are more important. And this is about writing a summary of TED Talks. This exercise we had given last year. I think the entire class is familiar with TED Talks with many people who have seen TED Talks and so on. But as I mentioned we rarely take down a pencil and paper and write down the summary of a TED Talk after we weave it. So this is an exercise. You will be required to view two TED Talks. That means about 36-40 minutes of your time you'll have to spend. Each TED Talk is about 18 minutes and you'll have to write a summary of that TED Talk which will require another 15 minutes. So a total of one and a half hours you'll have to spend. This assignment submission will be on 12th or 15th. That will be the last submission. And that along with your literature survey will come for your passing. So what we have done is we have listed 10 TED Talks with serial numbers 0 to 9. So you have to do that as per assignment. That means your last digit of the roll number decides which TED Talk you will see. Whether you like that topic or not. We tried to make those topics generic. Then there is a list of additional 8 or 10 TED Talks of which you can choose any one. So one is a pre-assigned TED Talk and the other is any of your choice. And you just submit the two summaries by giving your roll number. So that assignment also Feroza is putting up. We'll open it up now. So you can view it between now and 12th April whenever you want. 12th April will be the... I think 12th April we have a lecture, right? So 11th April will be there. 12th is when we will have the mock interview. I'll set up the schedule shortly. Okay, any other point? I want to know exactly what you as our other faculty members etc. I want to see in our seminar report for example. What report will be called a good report? Generally in seminar we study 2, 3 or 5 or 10 papers. Yes. And will be just our understanding of the papers. You want to see some kind of conclusion, some classification. So generally what the academic community looks at when the community views at a seminar report. So let me describe that first. You're very right. The meat of the matter has to be your critical understanding of some papers that you have reviewed pertaining to a subject. But that is only the crux of the seminar report. It's not the entire seminar. What is more important is your critical views on what papers you have seen. So one thing is to describe what those papers describe in summary. That is of course essential. But that is not adequate. You are expected to give your own views on it. Like the completeness of the work or inadequacy or any error in your opinion. That is one. Second, there has to be a coherent whole that should come out of your literature survey. So that is why although it is not an intake project report, stage one report or a PAD thesis, it is expected to be written on similar lines. That should be an introduction section. We should say what is the problem that you are looking at. Then in the literature survey of course you do the bulk of your work. But in your concluding remarks, you must indicate your own critical analysis of the entire thing that you have studied. Does it adequately solve the major problem? What are the issues still remaining or unsolved? Or in your opinion, how some work could be extended? The reason is that in our at least intake kind of environment, a seminar is supposed to lead to an intake project. Now how does that lead? Is it that you surgically cut your seminar report and say now you start MTP? The title is same. That is not so. The whole idea is that the literature survey that you carry out as part of your seminar report is supposed to form the basis of a much larger work in your MTP that you will do later. I mean that is the expectation. It would apply even for a PhD. If a PhD scholar is submitting a seminar report, it is expected to help in some way or the other, the larger problem that one is solving. Now what is expected in a seminar report is some commentary by you on the impact of whatever you have studied on the larger problem that you have in mind. So two lacuni may happen. One is you are not conceived of any larger problem at all. You are in a mundane fashion. You are just your guide and you have decided these five papers. You have studied them and submitted them. That is not a good seminar. So if I am a panel of examiners, I will look for some originality. Originality not in the form of research contribution, but originality in the form of your thoughts on critical analysis of whatever has been done and your ability to connect it to something larger. Whether it is going to be your MTP or a research problem or not, it doesn't matter. Something larger. That will be the difference between a good report and an excellent report. Of course a poor report will be one which is written in very shoddy English, which does not list all the references properly and blatantly plagiarizes sentences from the court and report. Then such reports will get a failure. But I am saying if I understand your question, you want to know beyond the good report. So I think in my opinion beyond the good report these are two things. A, your ability first to conceive a larger problem and connect your work to that larger problem. And B, your critical analysis of whatever you have surveyed. You should be able to say that you don't agree with this observation or you think some more work should have been done. Or you think that in future so much more has to be done in these areas which are covered by this research. What is your own conclusion about the whole thing? Your own thoughts. So I think that is what will make a difference. This is what generally the examiners panel will be looking at. The difference between a good and an excellent report. So let me write it. So what are the three points that we made? This is the first thing I said. Ability to connect your survey to a larger problem. And the second one is when I say by others, I mean others whose papers you have surveyed. So in fact let me refine the second one more. Suppose the each research paper that you study, suppose it was being presented as a seminar report or an R&D project report. Imagine yourself to be the examiner of that. One way is of course to summarize what a research paper says. The other way is to look at that research paper as if it is presented to you as an examiner and you are assessing the effectiveness, the adequacy, the correctness of that research. Then what questions will come to your mind? Now that is your own critique. You feel this is inadequate, you feel there is some error here or you feel that more work should have been done or you feel that it can be extended further. So you implicitly act as an examiner of that unseen person whose research paper you are surveyed. That will give you a chance to articulate your own critique. Now coming back to your own seminar report and I think an excellent seminar report in addition to a good well-written survey of literature should contain these two things. I hope this answer is reasonable, satisfactory. It's not easy to do that because this will require additional work. That is why seminar report is not just literature survey. It's something more than that. And of course an intake project first stage or a annual, what you call the, PhD scholars annual report is much more than either of them because that will have to give the entire background, the conceptualization. Probably it will have some design elements, experimentation, all that. Any other questions? Sir, I have a suggestion that after coming here we don't get many occasions where we can talk to a crowd, talk in the sense present to a crowd. So as it is, we get the opportunity of having almost like 100, 150 students and one of the major fears a student faces is how to talk to an audience of this size. So there are very less occasions after coming here that we get this chance. So as it is, this class is on communication skills. So I feel there should be one session where each student gets to talk to such a large number of audience. And the non-trivial part of it is like the presentation which we had was of say five minutes, which wasn't like we could have managed that because five minutes is a small time. And the topics were of our choice and non-technical. So that was manageable. But talking on a technical topic for say 10, 15 minutes to such a large crowd is a non-trivial task. And we don't get to do it except for the seminar presentations on the MTP presentations. So before we, and this is according to me this is the right time because at the end of this semester we anyways most of us present the seminar presentation. So having such a presentation during this course will be a say practice to the presentation which we would make. And as it is that presentation will be hardly some 10, 20 people amongst them. So if we can present to such a large crowd over here, then obviously we can do better there. So if you recall, apart from organizing the preliminary recorded presentations, I also conducted a session where people were to speak extempore. What you are suggesting is not an extempore speech, but a prepared talk and of a slightly longer duration. And mostly it should be technical because talking on a random topic which is non-technical is slightly obviously easier than a technical topic. The difference is you don't want that topic to be your seminar report itself, that any way you are going to present or in addition to that perhaps. The major thing I wanted to say is like the topics which we had, the presentation which you said, anybody can have some basic idea and they can talk about it any ways. But talking on a technical topic is really difficult to such a large crowd. There is a logistics problem in that. I mean I have absolutely no hesitation in arranging such talks here for the whole class. But take a 10 minute talk for example. Now if there is a 10 minute talk, you require 5 minutes for overlap. So that means in 55 minutes you get at most 4 talks. There are 120 people. So we will require to devote 30 lecture sessions on just this activity. And let me tell you initially for the first session, the second session, say first 4 or 8 talks, all 110 people will come and listen attentively because there is a novelty element in it. On the third lecture you will find attendance to be as thin as this. In the fourth lecture, there will be exactly 4 people present who are supposed to speak on that. So it will defeat the verbal. That is the reason why I made the initial time that groups of people because there would be about 15 to 20 or 30 people in that group and that would roughly the largest group that you will face in your seminar. The intention was to inculcate the ability to speak to a group of sort of research kind of stuff. But stage fear, let me tell you, it is not a question of absolute number of people.  The first time whenever you do it, that is whenever you go to a larger number, you will have some issues. But otherwise, once the ice breaks, there is no difference between the size of the cloud. The essential aspect is to get rid of the stage fear.  To that extent, I like the observation that he made that an immediate feedback or at least display of the observations or grades by others would have perhaps been useful. I doubt whether people will revisit their presentations now. So how do we handle this logistics, any suggestion? So the suggestion is do it selectively. While I agree with this, there is a problem. If I am a person who has a stage fear, I will be the last one to admit it because you see the complex of stage fear is actually part of a much larger fear complex. So whenever I am afraid of admitting anything to myself, that is the worst case of fear, no? I am afraid of admitting something to myself and that reflects in my inability to admit it to others. So I am just thinking loudly, what if we do the following? We do the first set of presentations, those 5 minute topics exactly as you said. But instead of stopping there, we quickly assess from the gradings, we make them into ABC category. Now I will personally review those C category people and we will check where the problem is stage fear rather than just inability to admit. Let's say there are 10 or 15 such people. I will not announce their grades or something. Then I will also ask an opinion if a few others first come first serve, some 4 or 5, right? Now we will have a group of 15 or 16 people who really need that help but who may not come out on their own. But now that is made a class exercise and it could be shown. So we will do it selectively. Does this make sense to you? I mean you ask this question first. So we will still have the full audience but we will have about 15 or 16 people speaking for 10 minutes. But this time it will be a technical topic not necessarily a seminar topic. So it should be a generic technical topic you mean. That looks like a feasible thing. Whatever we did here it was class wise but everyone has different difficulty in the communications. So in a large class when we are doing something almost 60-70 people thinks or it is maybe my best observation that it is not for me. I already know this. So in large class in communication skills seems a bad combination. Like if I have difficulty in pronunciation I need speech therapy like something that should be realized to me. And other one may have different like stammering or something, grammatical mistakes. So those have different needs and we are making them as a class. That maybe should we look at something like that. So if I were to write the gist of what you are saying we should have an individualized correction mechanism. So wherever I lag I should be given a feedback saying I must correct this. She must correct something else. He must correct something else. That's what you mean. Very good point. So I think a strategy is emerging for future courses combining everything from what he started. Yeah he has some more observation. So at the beginning of the class you mentioned that you will put up a modal form for those who would want to present for the second round of presentations. So we could instead have it for this thing like having it in front of a large crowd and have most of the class come in and give in their feedback to the person who is presenting. It's like those who would like to overcome their stage fear something they can also get in their individualized feedback. So what you are saying is we could implement it this time itself. Yeah. That's an excellent idea. At least the first 10 people like first come first serve whoever gives their names they can present in. Sorry. No what we'll do is mock interviews anyway would be held by external people and they would not like to hold it in presence of everyone. So that we'll hold but that what we'll do is that we can schedule it sometime later. See the purpose of those mock interviews is to benefit all of you to actually see a recorded interview. So that while that is important it is not urgent because I don't need the whole class for that. So I could even request my industry friends to come after the NSF and conduct the interviews mock interviews like this. I will tell them that we'll be recording them and we'll be making it available on the model model will still be active. All of you will be able to visualize those recorded interviews and that would be a good idea. But this seems to be more important than relevant. So on 12th and 15th we could have this will combine all of the things that we have just said will go through those assessments. We'll find out for ourselves who in our opinion have a stage fear and we'll also ask for additional names possible. And we will have them present on a technical topic on 12th April and 15th April here. Is that is that a good idea? Thank you for this suggestion. So 12th and 14th there'll be general presentations by select few whom I will name and I will also request some additional names. And these should be on general technical topics right. We should not keep too long a duration of presentation because I mean the class is attending compulsorily they should not get bored. Should we also have the assessment by the entire class like we did that last time? Correct. Can you do me a favor? Now you have all seen the assessment forms last time which we had designed that we had applied our mind and we had come up with some parameters. But can you make suggestions on what other parameters you think should be included on which the audience can comment meaningfully? And which could be useful? Any set of additional parameters characteristics that you would like to visualize but something which can be done very easy. I mean we can't expect a audience member to write a detailed critique. So it will have to be ticks. So what kind of gradation or assessment could be done different from the form that we had already used? If anyone has any idea? I think timing is also important. So put this in words and send an email. But this should be capturable in an assessment form. So I wanted to just see like whether you understood what the presenter spoke in the first one minute of his introduction. I agree. But this you have to communicate in written form so that the assessor understands. Very good. So I have three points to make. The first one is that I agree with Gary that making the whole class really assess things is good. Yeah and it seems that we are really going into this direction of collaborative communities because for such a large class it actually makes sense. But I feel that you know you somehow need to initiate people into this act of assessing. Come again. Sorry I missed the last. You need to initiate people into this act of assessing. Not everybody knows if let's say I listen to somebody talking. At most the I think what I can really comment on is if I liked it or not if I understood it or not. I don't think even if I looked at the assessment form it was difficult for me to decide should I give him a four or a five or a three. So there has to be some sort of initiation only then the feedback by the whole class would be useful. So that is the first point. The second point is regarding stage fear that Niharika made. So I believe that so I think last year with people in my batch and that he is in my batch but we had done is I mean what you had done is that you had asked them to present on a technical topic. But I strongly feel that if you want to remove stage fear if you want to remove stage fear it's actually important that you allow people to do it on any topic that they like because they already feel comfortable. In fact that was my point in scheduling an extempore kind of thing. So it is not a prepared thought or something like that but something your ability to speak generically. No ability to speak in general is fine so that is one thing but I feel that the current format where you ask people to prepare on any topic of their choice and come and present. I think that's fair enough because then your focus is removed from the actual content that you want to speak and your focus is solely on facing the audience and really speaking something. And that I feel is a good way to remove stage fear. So you agree with the general topic being pre-SI where people prepare for them. No I want people to choose their own topics. Choose their own topics. So I think whatever we did in this course was fine. Okay. Because stage fear is not about what I am going to speak it's about going there and speaking something. So let me add one caveat to this. Choose your own topic but not your seminar topic. That's okay. And it should be made clear that you are not making a seminar like presentation. You are actually making a general presentation on the topic of your choice. Is that okay? That's a good suggestion. We'll take that. Coming back to the seminar report and all that. Just one suggestion from me is that can you provide us three reports maybe thesis or MTP report or VTEC report or seminar report. One excellent, one good and one very poor that you consider. There is a problem in that. If somebody gives you my seminar report which was adjudged poor I'll feel very bad about it. That solution is that. No, no. So I will either have to seek permission from that person or I will have to prepare that entire report as if it is being prepared for a blind review. Yeah, blind review. Yes. That's what I was very difficult to do that because usually from the list of references and everything you can figure out who that gentleman already is. So that's a bit dangerous. I will talk to my colleagues and find out what can be done about it. About excel and there is absolutely no issue. I think we should be able to get that. So let me put it this way. I don't know whether I'll be able to do it very quickly now. But over today and tomorrow I'll circulate a mail to my own colleagues saying that from this suggestion has come from the communication course. And if you care to share a soft copy of any one of your past students whose report was adjudged excellent by the committee, then my friends in the class would like to look at. I think you will get three or four. I will immediately put them on the moon. That's it. So this one is done. Good maybe. But poor I would rather avoid. So in fact, you look at this and say whatever is not this is poor. Draw your own conclusion about the poverty. Let us look at the richness first. But excellent idea. Thank you. Are you going to help us with poor reports? No. I think in addition to just giving out excellent reports or reports that have been just as excellent, it would be instructive to mark them and say that this was an accident. Why they were considered excellent? Things that make it excellent. Some objective analysis of the report. No. So what I can do is I can request my colleagues that this time when they judge the seminar reports and give grades, then for excellent reports, would they care to write a few lines of commentary so that I can use this next year for my next class. But it is not fair to for me to ask my colleague. Last year I was evaluating how to rewrite those comments. They say go fly a kite for that. Not interested. This is too much of work. No, at least for one report this can be done right. If you remember there was this one good student who had done a wonderful report. Let me pull out his report and make a few comments about it. No, I will add that comment. My worry is that because of that requirement, many of the colleagues will not respond at all to them. This is an extra work that I am asking you. I am too old and senior to be ignored completely. But I am still a faculty member like them. So they will do this to me but not publicly. So they will just keep quiet. Not very useful, no? What should be our priority to get a good sample of excellent reports or to necessarily get each one with the comment? That is the practical option. I think the first choice is better. If we get five or six excellent reports, reports which are considered excellent by people, then that should be a good exam. Let me do it in two stages. Let me get this and those who send this, to them I will write a mail saying will you please also say why it is excellent. That's a good idea because those four or five friends I can even make a phone call, test them, visit them. And get a few lines. It's a good idea. Oh my God, they are already late. Thank you.


Every once in a while there's an unusual play where a ball is hit just past a fielder and in a moment of sheer panic he throws his glove at the ball to try to stop it and his teammates just kind of stand around and wonder if maybe it wouldn't be a bad idea to give him the rest of the day off. This may seem like a kind of ridiculous thing to do especially if you've been playing baseball for a while but I was actually surprised to learn that it does in fact happen at least every once in a while even in the major leagues but our question for today is are you allowed to do this and of course would it ever be a good idea to do it. So point number one is that the act of throwing your equipment which in this case means your glove, your hat, any article of apparel which would include like your catcher's mask and presumably the pouch of Big League Chew you have in your back pocket is not inherently illegal only if the glove or the equipment or whatever makes contact with the ball does it then become an issue. Although the second point is that if the umpire signals that the ball has been touched by the thrown glove then the ball is still actually in play and the runners can advance at their own peril which will come back to in a second. So as for what actually happens if we have a fair ball that a player deliberately touches with his detached equipment then the batter is free to advance three bases but again the ball is still in play so if he wants to he can try to run home for an inside the park home run but if he does take this risk then he can still be thrown out at home. This rule will also apply to any runner on base meaning that essentially in practice they would score although keep in mind that if the batter is trying to run the whole way around to score an inside the park home run then the runner would have to stay in front of him and score like a normal play because he cannot get passed up. So practically speaking here if you're a batter or runner in the situation unless the ball is like way in the outfield and this happens probably just stop at the base and let the umpire send you to third. It's a free triple don't try to be a hero. Next we have a similar situation where detached equipment is trucked at the ball but rather than that ball having been hit it was a ball that was thrown by another fielder. In this case the runners and the batter can advance just two bases although again the ball is in play so if it bounces away from the players you can still try to make a run for additional bases if you want to but again just make sure it has taken quite a crazy bounce before you risk it. The rule does clarify here just to be specific that the action of using equipment must be a deliberate one so if for example a ball is hit or thrown so hard that when a fielder tries to make a legitimate catch the force of the ball knocks the glove right off of his hand he's not in any violation here. I was actually introduced to this rule because back in my playing days I knocked so many gloves off a guy's hands that it became kind of a safety hazard so this means that you cannot take your hat off and catch the ball in your hat but if you lose your balance say while playing shortstop or something and you kick or use your glove to kind of bat the ball to another fielder in that case you would be fine. You may have also seen the occasional play where a ball becomes lodged into a fielder's glove and so they're forced to take off their whole glove and throw it and the ball over to the first basement for the out. This is also completely legitimate and probably the only scenario where you should take your glove off as a fielder. Finally though you might be thinking why not try to throw your glove up in the air to block a home run. In this case the rules are way ahead of you because the penalty for whipping your equipment of fly ball that would have in the umpire's judgment gone over the fence had it not been for contacting said equipment is that it is an automatic home run. So as a recap everybody else might think you're weird but in terms of the rules this is not actually a big deal unless you hit the ball with your thrown equipment. Throwing equipment must be intentional hitting a batted ball gets runner three bases hitting a thrown ball gets him two but the ball is still in play and he can go for more if he wants to. All of this is to say it's probably not a good idea to throw things at a live ball. Other than a few goofy cases specific to a very large or very oddly shaped field I can't really think of one outside of you wanting the rest of the day off and thus feigning a breakdown by throwing your athletic supporter at the ball.


When the next case I'm going to start this out with a little bit of an audience challenge, and here's the challenge Here's the lesion and the question for the audience and for dr. Pomeranz and I is What is this thing? It's a big thing and what I'm going to tell you is That there is enough information on this single view to arrive at a definitive Tissue diagnosis really definitive definitive tissue diagnosis.  I'm going to see if dr. Pomeranz is going to let us have any fun with him, but I kind of doubt that he rarely does So but in five minutes for those of you who don't know the answer you're going to have it well, we're going to show cases like this at the course and we've got a Solid but also a cystic component lesion in the cerebellum of an adult that happens to be a 35 year old Which is a typical age for this lesion the most prime the most common primary Tumor of the cerebellum in the adult is hemangioblastoma So that would be at the top of your list, but I noticed you left me off right here Yes, I was hoping you wouldn't see that and I did see it because you left it there hanging for me like a hanging Chad, and it's a small Sub-peel hypervascular nodule so this patient has a spinal and a cerebellar hemangioblastoma There it is again on the axial t1c plus and there it is again on the axial t2-weighted image with a little flow void Within it, which is one of the characteristics of hemangioblastoma along with the enhancing hypervascular nodule and the cystic component So you have to at least consider the diagnosis of von Hippel Lindau syndrome and in fact favorite with multiple hemangioblastomas the first thing I would do on my checklist and we'll go over this at the Course is I'd look at the orbits to see if there is the retinal angioma or the retinal Hemangioblastoma which may present not as an enhancing nodule but rather as a hemorrhagic detachment And then I start thinking about some of the other Important criteria the so-called big six for von Hippel Lindau syndrome, which is associated with chromosome 3 the rule of 3s Von Hippel Lindau chromosome 3 and what are the six cardinal lesions? We've got cerebellar hemangioblastoma or Cerebellar and spinal then we've got retinal lesions then after that we've got cysts cysts of the pancreas Epidermis liver lung and kidney And we get into pheochromocytoma and or renal cell Carcinoma and von Hippel Lindau is divided up as to whether they have one or the other you've got Epidermal cyst adenomas and finally endo lymphatic cyst abnormalities So what's been your experience with these lesions because I know they they can really bleed like stank and being a neurosurgeon I'll bet you've been in the soup with these lesions Actually, it's a really great case The first thing is as far as the endo lymphatic sac So that's the other thing to look at when on a brain study good point Look at looking at the eyes make sure there's not a retinal one and make sure there's not an endo lymphatic sac That would tie up tie it up for you, but it's actually a great case. Okay? Classic Enhancing mural nodule in a cyst so you get in the cyst you got this big thing there. It's color-coded. Okay? The same color is Play-Doh with the red and the yellow mixed You have to get around it because it's highly vascular if you get into it You're in the in for a bad day a lot of times they'll shell out and these people can do great But like missing this spinal one that could come back to haunt you which you which you Unfortunately didn't do sure you you said color-coded though MR is in black and white You mean when you're looking at you look in surgery. Yeah, these are sort of clay like and That they're once you see it you're not you'll never forget it, but it's a great case these people do great I've had actually great experience with it So the problem is missing it not recognizing it and missing some of these associated lesions is where you really get into trouble Once the diagnosis made this patient. It's going to do well Von Heppel Lindau syndrome beautiful example Let's move on to another case shall we?


In the last class we had looked at how nozzle performance is and we had initially made a simple one-dimensional steady flow approximation and we also looked at what are the shortcomings effect till the last class we did not bother ourselves about what kind of rocket engine are we talking about that is liquid solid or hybrid okay from this class on let us look at solid propellants for the first few classes and then we will go to liquids and then to hybrids okay. So solid propellant rocket in this both the fuel and oxidizer are in solid phase and that is why this name that solid propellant rocket as I said earlier this puts a restriction on the kind of chemicals that we can use for solids and liquid for the fuel and oxidizer and therefore the performance of solid propellants are going to be slightly inferior to those of liquids okay. Now let us look at how a solid rocket motor looks like and what are the parts in it how do they function now this is the typical sketch of a solid propellant motor you will have something known as the propellant grain it is usually referred to as grain here then you will have something known as a port wherein the combustion takes place and the propellant burns in this direction now you also have an igniter to initiate the combustion okay and then once the igniter is supplied with the electrical input this burns and causes the ignition of the propellant once the propellant burst starts to burn then gases get released from these surfaces okay and because we have a throat here right what happens is these gases tend to build up the pressure inside the port okay and once the pressure is above a certain value compared to the exit pressure the flow will be choked and we know that for a choke flow we know that mass flow rate is given by m. is equal to right or in other words I can also get the chamber pressure from this equation depending on what is the mass flow rate through the nozzle so in a sense this is a self-pressurized system you do not need any pressurization system to take it to high pressures okay so this is a self-pressurization pressurized system and it operates at high pressures of in excess of 70 bar or something like that and then once the propellant starts burning the gases are produced and there will be a stage when the mass that is produced by the burning of the propellant is equal to the mass that is flowing through the throat that will indicate a steady operating conditions okay now if you look at a small section here close to the casing it will look like this you will have a propellant green and then a layer of insulation okay so there is a layer of insulation between the casing and the propellant okay now let us look at each of them in a little more detail if you look this has also something known as a inhibitor now an inhibitor this prevents combustion from taking place in this direction normal to the surface so there will be no combustion in this direction okay so this prevents combustion from taking place in this direction because this propellant is also exposed to hot gases so this could burn okay and whenever you do not want a surface to regress which is exposed you can apply an inhibitor and that will prevent combustion from taking place in that direction now there is also something known as an insulation here insulation all of you must have known this that does not prevent or prevents heat from the carts then there is something known as a throat insert this is for the thermal protection of the throat cross section will come to that a little later as to why we need this in terms of cooling requirement and other things will come to that a little later then port is the region where the combustion takes place and usually an igniter is again a solid propellant which has slightly higher metal content okay and upon providing it the electrical energy it starts to burn and throws out this particulate matter and gases and if the particle matter gets embedded here then this is hot surface and then this ignites the propellant locally and then the flame spreads from the head end to the nozzle now if you look at how the pressure time curve for this propellant will look like as I said this is a self-pressurized system this will be the pressure versus time plot for this kind of solid rocket motor will come to why it is increasing after it comes down to a certain value a little later now there are two kinds of solid propellants that have been predominantly used one is known as homogenous or double based solid propellant and the other one is composite heterogeneous solid propellant now homogenous solid propellant in this case both the fuel and oxidizer are mixed at a molecular level and if you take a small section of this propellant you will not be able to distinguish between a fuel and an oxidizer so in this case ingredients are molecular level whereas in a composite propellant if you cut a small portion of the propellant you will be able to see fuel and oxidizer in this case the oxidizer that is typically used is a particulate matter and therefore you will be able to distinguish between fuel and oxidizer so in this case ingredients this is a mechanical mixture ingredients now why do we have two different kind of propellants they are there to address two different kind of applications if you look at composite propellants usually they have a better performance that is specific impulse higher specific impulse and they are preferred to be used in strategic missiles and in launch vehicles okay whereas if you look at homogenous propellants they are typically used in tactical missiles okay if you look at the composition of the composite propellant this will have a fraction of metal loading in it because of which if you have a metal loading then the exhaust will have a very strong heat signature and therefore you do not find them being used in tactical missiles tactical missiles are short range missiles and they are typically battlefield missiles so if you have if you use this propellant in tactical missiles what will happen is you will very easily give away your location to the enemy right because it has a very strong signal heat signature and the enemy can find out where the missile was fired from and hit back the position so you do not want that and therefore in tactical missiles you will typically use homogenous propellant and we will see that you can also kind of reduce the visible smoke there are some things known as smoke suppressants if you add them the smoke that is coming out of the propellant will also be very small okay so that is why homogenous propellant although they have a slightly inferior specific impulse compared to composite propellants they are still being used in tactical missiles typically the ISP of this would be somewhere between 2000 200 whereas this can go up to 2000 now let us look at these two propellants in a little more detail firstly let us take up the homogenous propellant now this has nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin in almost equal percentages and that is why it is also known as a double base propellant okay because it has in a sense two bases so here nitrocellulose this is the fuel and it is a solid and has is a fibrous material nitroglycerin is the oxidizer and is a liquid okay now this is this has under this is under oxidized by something like 0.3 kg per kg and this is over oxidized okay both of them have fuel and oxidizer in them this is under oxidized this is over oxidized so therefore this turns out to be the oxidizer and this turns out to be the fuel now if you want to have a very good performance that is if you want to have very good ISP remember we have talked about this earlier also any propellant is always fuel rich primarily because we want the C star to be highest not just temperature to be highest temperature will be highest at a slightly fuel rich condition right from the stoichiometric but we go to an extremely fuel rich case primarily because we want the molecular weight also to be lower now for best performance a combination of this the NC or the NG NC ratio would be something like 6.5 but what is used is 0.8 any idea why such a glaring difference between what is used and what is going to give us best performance sorry no if you look at what is written here this is a solid and this is a liquid like and when you mix them in this proportion 6.5 it will become a slurry and will no longer be a solid propellant and if you want it to be a solid propellant with good mechanical properties you need to go in for this kind of ratio why do we need the good mechanical properties for a propellant for casting yes then okay in some sense all of it and if you notice in this figure here you have a propellant that is either that is has to go with the casing now the propellant typically will be a very large mass in a rocket motor typically of the order of 80% will be propellant so if you have this and if you have very large accelerations right typically in tactical missiles the accelerations can go to 10g if you have that then the propellant will extrude itself out through the nozzle if it doesn't have very good mechanical properties or if it is very brittle it will break up and then in that will also give rise to problem so you would want a very good set of mechanical properties with percentage elongation around 30% right and yield stress and tensile stress to be high also okay therefore it has to withstand not only g loads and also if you notice the pressurization here it is a very fast pressurization right so that is also again a one more this is like an impact load because this is a very short time in which this load comes on to the propellant so you need to have good mechanical properties in order to withstand all these conditions and also during transport and other things the propellant should not break up and that would lead twice with give rise to catastrophic failures a little later when it has used so you won't want all that therefore you have to have good mechanical properties now in addition to NC and ng you also have something known as a stabilizer typically the stabilizer used is ethyl central light why do we need a stabilizer if you look at the nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin they are very reactive compounds now you are going to have them together in the same chamber and you wouldn't also want reactions to take place okay so therefore you add these stabilizers in small quantities so as to prevent reactions from taking place so this is in order to prevent slow reaction and degradation with time if you are looking at a solid propellant for a military application it needs to have a certain shelf life okay typically of the order of a few years 10 to 15 years is its shelf life once you make it you can keep it and store it for 10 to 15 years if you want that if you have these kind of reactive compounds you need to ensure that over the period of time there is very little degradation okay you cannot prevent it but you can minimize it and that is why these stabilizers are added now in addition to these stabilizers we also add certain burn rate modifiers now burn rate modifiers are chemicals that are added in very small quantities they are like catalysts if you look at the rocket literature they you will also find rockets I mean the reference to these chemicals as both catalysts and burn rate modifiers a catalyst is a substance that does not take part in the reaction but aids the reaction here if you are looking at a rocket motor everything burns up so the term catalyst probably is not very appropriate but it is still used interchangeably okay the typical burn rate modifiers for homogeneous propellants are let salicylate slide salicylate and then lithium fluoride okay these are also used in order to get the required burn rate that we desire from the propellant is this going to be good enough to make this kind of solid propellant homogenous or to be at need to have something else as I said it needs very good mechanical properties so there is something known as plasticizer that is added to improve the mechanical properties so the typical plasticizer used is diethyl phthalate okay and in addition to this there is something that is used in these propellants that is carbon black now carbon black is nothing but carbon that is used this is also known as an opification agent if you mix all the other things except the carbon black the propellant will be translucent in nature okay if it is translucent it can absorb radiation right and it absorbs radiation and somewhere inside the material this absorbed energy is released then it can lead to ignition somewhere in the depth so you do not want that and therefore you will try to make it as opaque as possible using carbon black and a typical composition of this heterogeneous or homogeneous propellant well have if you see the they are used in nearly equal this thing and therefore the name double base propellant also then DEP stands for diethyl phthalate NC and NG are nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin EC stands for ethyl centrilyte okay and a small quantity of carbon black okay this already fills up so you can reduce one of it and add a little bit of carbon black to make the propellant opaque one of them you can add you can add one of them and that will give you certain burn rate increasing burn rate there are also burn rate suppressors I also talked about something known as visible flame suppressants so a typical visible flames are present is potassium nitrate or potassium sulphate now let us look at what is the composition of composite propellant composite propellant or heterogeneous propellant as I said earlier this is a mechanical mixture you will have oxidizer the typical oxidizer used are ammonium per chlorate also known as AP ammonium nitrate then potassium nitrate okay these are the typical oxidizers then you have polymeric material that is used as the fuel in this case so the typical ones that are used are hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene carboxyl terminated butadiene and you also have polyurethane okay these are typical polymeric material they are also known as binders okay in addition to this fuel you also add something known as curing agent typically you will use a monomer of this and then you will tend to make it into a polymer by adding this curing agent so the typical curing agents used are toline diisocyanide and isofrin diisocyanide these are typical curing agents that are used so as to make this into a long chain cross-linked polymer okay they also add plasticizers here to improve the mechanical properties like DOA which is dioptyl adipate this oxidizer I said is around is added this is a particulate matter so if you look at the oxidizer these will be particles ranging from somewhere around typically 400 microns to typically 10 microns there is a distribution that we use and if you look at a typical cross section of propellant this what I have shown here is a simulated propellant that is I have assumed all the particles to be spheres a perfect spheres and I have simulated it for something like 85% of solid loading that is 85% of this propellant is filled with solids as you can see there are different sizes of particles one is above 500 then 500 to 355 and all the way going up to less than 75 microns now why do we need to have this kind of variation in particle size that is primarily if you look at it if you have only large spheres you cannot have loading beyond certain fraction and if you have small spheres also you cannot have loading beyond certain fraction if you use a combination you can go to a higher fraction of loading that is why we use this kind of course and find particles to get the required loading as I said you also add something like 12 to 18% of aluminum is added now this is added in a composite propellant essentially to improve the specific impulse of the propellant the specific impulse of the propellant improves because if you add aluminum the chamber temperatures that are reached are much higher than without it okay so you will get to higher chamber temperatures and therefore your specific impulse will improve this also as another role that is it is known to be a combustion instability suppressants okay we will talk about it probably a little later in the course now you can see aluminum particles that are in purple here they are in large numbers and are distributed all over the propellant okay this is how a simulated propellant looks and if you look at an actual propellant it looks something like this this is a scanning electron microscope picture these are course particles here course AP particles and you also have fine-sized AP particle and also aluminum particles okay so all of it is present and whatever is not occupied by the solid that is occupied by the binder or the polymer so this will give rise to something like 85% solid loading and the remaining 85 to 86% solid loading or sometimes 88% is also used so this ranges from 80 to 88% solid loading okay this is you also have here two burn rate modifiers the typical burn rate modifiers used are copper chromite and iron oxide now with this you will have a composite propellant now we have looked at both the composite and homogeneous propellants in the next class we look at how this can be used in a propellant and what is the burn rate that one can get with these propellants and what is the function what does burn rate depend on okay and also how does pressure vary in a rocket motor because of this all that we look at it in the next class thank you.


Then to a surprise you know as soon as we produce 20 we got an order for 200. So tell me now once we have an order for 200 will my old top which is made out of hand lay process work for me it will not. So I will have to think of innovative ways of manufacturing the top again luckily the stainless steel fabrication was anyway high quality CNC production. So it had all the components which you could produce through CNC manufacturing. So that was you know still there. So we went ahead back in our journey went back to concept again and then we tried number of options remember I was always telling you we need to have at least three options before you decide what type of process to use can you see that white top what do you think the material is there in that box which you see on the slide the bottom is still on the top it was supposed to be plastic but then I had to produce 200 numbers so I said can I try aluminum casting so this is the aluminum casting top we tried an aluminum casting too because now to produce you know like 200 numbers and casting is a very good process to produce 200 numbers again batch production very convenient we tried this and we found it very expensive we also found it very heavy so we didn't go ahead with this idea then we said this is a fan casting process where you make a mold and then you pour molten aluminum and then you get your you know one piece top and then we said let me try a next technique of low-cost tooling called vacuum thermoforming so what is this process you have a sheet of plastic you heat it to the you know temperatures where it becomes like a cloth and you wrap it around the mold by vacuum so you have the surface and you suck the air out of the surface it sticks to the surface of the dye and that is how the forming is done in the cavity also you suck it adheres to the cavity and you get this tray which is available so we use the same technique to make the next level so in this process we had to go and get the raw material also luckily we were you know happy that G plastics collaborated so we got this you know granules the plastic is made in the form of granules and we made sheet out of this granules by extrusion what is the extrusion process you heat the granules and you extrude out of a thin slit and you get these slabs of plastic so we extruded the sheet why do you need to extrude the sheet because nobody has this red color we had to get the granules we had to extrude the sheet on our own and then we made these dyes the three-part dye and finally you cut all the parts together and we joined it using the best adhesives from Huntsman manufacturer adhesives who makes it really you know stronger than the virgin material today adhesives are very very high-tech you have very very good adhesives in the market which are as good as the original material and then we have now the composite to thermoforming top lightweight you know a formed out of three parts there is one part there is a front part and this is the flap which goes in and this again was very very mass manufacturable to a level of 200 numbers so we you know using the cost again see the whole business when you come to large volumes like 200 numbers is cost what type of tooling cost and what type of production cost and because we are working with the government it was very difficult for us to convince that please give me an upfront tooling cost and then give me the production cost they can't do that so they they said no no we you you said that the post box is going to cost 8000 rupees we can't give you more than that so we have to work out innovative ways of pilot production of how we went ahead with making the top you can see one of the boxes supporting the top so here we have the tops ready then we made all the drawings ready you can see how engineering drawings are made with all the details and you know this is the assembly drawing this is the drawing of the base you see the small indentations to make the stainless steel very strong and you know how the whole situation was taken forward and then how the fabrication was drawing was you know made and remember I was talking about embossing on the post box to make it very strong so we reduce the cost by 3000 rupees by reducing the thickness of the stainless steel so what we did was we used you know this work hardening property by doing constant bending the stainless steel edge the corner which was the most important became very strong and we reduced the thickness of the stainless steel sheet from 1.6 millimeters to 1.2 millimeters and saved around 3 kilos of stainless steel we have these embossing which makes the surface very strong so we use the embossing we use the bending and made the product you know very very strong so from these then you know we went ahead and we you know went for pilot production


All right, perfect. My name is Dylan Johns. I'm the city's assistant project manager on this West Cliff drainage and improvements and sanitary sewer project. Mike Bennett is our primary project manager. He's also on the call. And we also have our contractor Keegan Johnkers on the call as well. So, I'm, I'm sure most of you have heard this part of the presentation at this point, but to run through it for anyone who hasn't heard. About the background on this project, this is a combined water, sanitary sewer and storm water project. In the West Cliff neighborhood, the reason we're doing this project is because of frequent flooding and caused by undersized drainage pipes in the area. There are undersized and aging water pipes as well as sanitary sewer pipes in this area as well. So those are all being replaced as part of this project. And this will be the final phase of the drainage portion portion of this project. There are going to be future water and sanitary sewer rehabilitation projects in this area, but we're not going to be going into those during this presentation. So I mentioned that this is the third phase of this project highlighted in this exhibit. You can see all three phases. We are currently working on phase one, but this project was done a little bit backwards. So phases to a and to be have already been constructed. They are in the ground complete. So one phase one is finished. The whole system will be operational and updated. So to go through some of the updates since we met with everyone a little over a year ago, we have finished construction on West Seminary Drive and Cherokee Trail. There was a water pipe and sewer pipe replacement on both of those roads. The new pipe is in the ground and the roads have been repaved. So we have no additional work planned on those streets with this project. Currently, our contractor is working along Trail Lake Drive and Mandarin Place as well as in the Mandarin Anita intersection. They've been installing storm drain box culverts. And right now they're working along Trail Lake on inlets as well as just on the west side of Trail Lake between Windale Court and Incanto working on the storm drain outfall. And we're also starting the process of rebuilding the roadway along Trail Lake. Once the concrete structures are finished, that'll be the next thing that they work on along Trail Lake. Now we have had to extend our closure of Trail Lake Drive. We were initially planning to have it reopened in August and we've clearly missed that deadline. However, and we are planning to keep it closed to finish construction until January or February. We experienced delays from having franchise utility conflicts. There were additional water pipe installation added to this project as well as easements that the city had to acquire for the job that slowed us down a little bit. And we'll be going into more information about those water pipes with the next slide. In this exhibit, the streets that are highlighted in red are the streets that were planned on this project from the beginning. The streets shown in blue are the new water line replacement that we will be doing. The water line is going to be replaced on Windale Court, Sierra Court, as well as Trail Lake Drive from Seminary all the way down to South Drive. The reason that this was added to the project is because the existing water pipe is cast iron and the city has a new priority to replace cast iron water pipe. The old cast iron led to several big water main breaks recently and so that was not a priority when this project was originally planned. That has been added since construction started. We're also planning to have this work completed by January or February. And we will be, those roads will be passed. The portion of Trail Lake South of Seminary Drive will be passable to traffic during construction. It will not be fully closed down the way the storm drain portion of Trail Lake is in between Seminary and Manderley Place. But I'll be going into more information on that on a later slide. We have also been working with the community along Manderley Place to get, we're going to be installing a temporary roadway to help them access their homes as well as the church that's at Manderley and Trail Lake. Have access to their facilities as well. This temporary roadway is going to be installed as soon as we can get it in place and we'll be left there until we come back to rebuild or until Manderley is rebuilt and fully repaved. And that'll happen once we move off of Manderley and onto Anita and Suffolk. As far as impacts for traffic, the Trail Lake Drive detour is going to be remaining in place until Trail Lake is reopened. For the new water pipe construction on Windale, Sierra and Trail Lake, there are quite a few homes along Windale and Sierra. And some of those driveways will be temporarily impacted during construction. Because the water pipe is being installed in the roadway, we're going to have to cross the driveways to get the new pipes in the ground. We will be working with residents. They'll be notified in advance of any impact to their driveway or before we cross their driveway. So that way, if anybody needs to plan ahead to have their car, move their car down the street so they're not blocked in, you'll have the opportunity to do so before your driveway is cut off. But we will be providing access for residents to be able to get back in their home or get back into their driveways at the end of the working day. These will be temporary closures that will just be while workers are on site. And the portion of Trail Lake that's going to be under construction between Seminary and South Drive. The construction is going to be timed on that portion of the road so that the buses for Westliffe Elementary School will still be able to get through. We know that the bus stops to pick up and drop off kids is at Clay and Seminary and those buses turn off of Trail Lake. And so we will be timing the work so that those buses can get through in the mornings and the afternoons without issue. We'll also be opening that portion of Trail Lake Drive at the end of each working day when the crews move off site. It will not be shut down to traffic. It's fully like Trail Lake is between Manderley and Seminary. So our detour has shifted a little bit since we met with you all or met with everybody last year. Last year we were directing traffic down Anita because of how much construction has progressed. The intersection of Manderley and Anita is impacted and not passable right now. So we are directing cars from Trail Lake down Suffolk Drive to Carolyn Road where you can then turn and go down Carolyn to South Drive or Grandbury Road. If you would like to continue on Suffolk or turn on to Grandbury from Carolyn. But that is our current detour route as a reminder to everyone please drive safely on the neighborhood streets. We've put up temporary speed limit signs to remind drivers of what the speed limit is out there. And so please drive safely while you're around. This is a heavily. These streets are heavily used by the desperate. You know that is please mute yourself to fix the echo. Thank you. So the last point on this was I already mentioned Trail Lake between Seminary Drive and South Drive will be open outside of working hours. That one that road will only have major impacts while crews are on site working. Our contractor on this project is Circle C construction company. Brian McGill is our city inspector. I mentioned at the beginning of this meeting that the recording will be posted on the city's project web page and that is the link to the web page. You can also find if you don't have that URL available or anything you can Google city of Fort Worth capital projects and it's generally the first link that pops up. We'll take you to the city's website on the capital projects page where you can search for West Cliff or West Cliff drainage. You know, any of those keywords will pull up these project web pages for you, which will have updates as we progress through construction and meeting recordings and everything like that will be posted there as well. So that is the contact information for everybody that I've mentioned, Mike Bennett, as well as myself, Dylan Johns and Brian and Keegan cell phone numbers. If anybody has any questions, concerns, comments on the project, if anything comes up, you know, over the next year while we're out there working, please do not hesitate to reach out to us. We're happy to help answer any questions, anything like that. So with that, I will pick up for questions. We have a question in the chat. Let's hit from Mr. Nixon. He says, for those of us on manually place will the storage of materials and excavation material remain in front of our houses throughout the entire construction phase. And if so, how long is that to get Anita and so. I do expect as we are as we progress on to Anita and self hope to storage of materials. We'll have to progress with construction. We're. However, I believe Keegan is on the call Keegan, can you speak more on the details of what that's going to look like. Yes, we are going to continue storing a lot of material on Anita. Because we've got the large box there that we're going to pour and we have to backfill. And that's part of the reason why we're building this temporary road to get you all in and out of your homes on an asphalt surface rather than a gravel road. But seeing that Anita has. Driveways on one side of the, not Anita manually has driveways on one side of the street and not on the other. It blends us to a really good storage place to keep material where it doesn't impact both sides of the street. So it will be for quite a while longer probably. Probably until spring or early summer at least. So we see another question in the chat. See, this is just a comment. Good work on replacing water lines as part of this project to get all. It's done in a phase. We had many water line breaks over the years, not just during freezes and yeah. At the water department is aware of that. That's one of the reasons we're looking to get rid of all these cast iron. Heights in the ground. So we're, this project just happened to pick up some of those. Next, when we see what's the remaining scope of work left to complete on the closed portion of Trail Lake. King and you. So I can take I didn't know if you were going to take it on Trail Lake. What we have left is on the. The water side we have to replace the water line. Basically from Wendell court through South Drive. This will include approximately 800 to 1000 feet of 12 inch water line to be replaced. It'll have a fire line that's dedicated for the school that we're going to reconnect. We're also going to reconnect to West Seminary. And then we're going to lay water down. Wendell court and Sierra court and replacing all the cast iron and all the services. Temporary road patch we made over that. That water line. And any curb and gutter that is damaged will be replaced as well as sidewalk drive approaches. Then we continue with our. Our strong drain inlets. We have three inlets that have the tops that need to still be poured. Those will be completed in the next few weeks. We also have to replace all of the missing curb and gutter along the east side of Trail Lake from. Basically Wendell court through Vanderley. Once all this is completed, we will be able to. Start our reconstruction of the asphalt street. And we'll also be working at the same time on. Completing the outfall of the storm drain, which is between and Kanto and Wendell. Thank you, King. And I was, I was going to mention that outfall too, but I see you got it. All right. Another question that chat, when will construction start on some folk drive and Anita drive? So I think you can you'd be best to answer that too. Due to the large footprint that we have right now on Trail Lake and Manderley, we need to get Trail Lake all the way open to traffic. And a good portion of Manderley cleaned up so that everyone's not as as dusty. Then we can pour that structure that is at Anita and Manderley. Backfill the structure and get the road opened for traffic to pass down Anita and on Manderley. Then we'll continue with our box installation heading. North on Anita and then turning east on Suffolk. All right. Got another question of the chat says, can you give us the projected completion date? I just heard summer of 2024. And I just want to make sure it's clear on this. There's a difference between the actual completion date of the project and opening of Trail Lake drive. There is, we've got to take the storm brain all the way up to Grandbury on Suffolk. So that's why, you know, it's not just, we're not keeping Trail Lake shut down until the summer. There's more to go in the storm brain. So King and could you answer as far as when you're projecting the. Getting to Grandbury and kind of having a wrapped up wrapped up. We'd like to have the storm drain laid up to Grandbury by the summer of 24. Yes. There's still going to be all of the water lines that have to be done along. Suffolk, the curb and gutter that has to be done, the pulverization that stuff's going to go out until probably the fall of next year. Okay. Another question. Teams. Okay. This is from this comment from Miss Ingram, our. Communication expert for us. Thanks, boy. Thank you, sir. We work with our water department teams. Yes, we try and work with everybody. We'll see from Mr. Nixon. Will you build new curb and gutter plus storm inlets and manually before the temporary asphalt lane. Or wait until the end of the project when I assume final paving. Will be complete. Keegan, you want to. Originally our plan. Well, we're losing. I'm here. Sorry. Someone called me. Originally, we were going to leave the gravel road and then build. Mandalay the same way that we're building trail lake. But we've decided to put this temporary road in as soon as I can get a subcontractor over there to to install this 15 foot wide. Asphalt road and we will build the. Curb and gutter and drive approaches with this temporary road in place and then take out the temporary road. And repave everything as we are doing trail lake. All right. Thank you, sir. We'll see another. Common here just FYI have heard complaints from neighbors on. Carbon turf damage from staging drain boxes. And right away on curves, I'm sure there is a plan to repair, but maybe some door. Hangers might help. Yes. Anything that's damaged, we will be replacing that includes. Grass, so there will that'll be something we go through. Definitely look to pick up and final inspection is to make sure that we've. And we've caught everything just one thing to note. It's an older neighborhood. This is primarily a storm drain and water project. So we are not. This is not a rehab of every carbon gutter in the neighborhood. I just want to make sure that's known if we damage it. We are to fix it. That's absolute. And there are, there will be other smart small places along the way the carbon gutters part of the storm drain, making sure it's functional. It's something that's really broken bad to help the storm drain work. We will fix that as well, but. This is not a rehab of all the whole neighborhood curve, carbon gutter. So there. Okay. It's just a note to Keegan your construction crews have been excellent and done. Gone out of their way to help us along manually. Thank you, Mr. Nixon. It's great to hear that. I know this is very painful for a lot of, a lot of people and it's been a very long time now. We understand and respect that too. So I'm glad to hear that the contractor is doing the best that he can. Thank you very much. I'll pass it on to the guys. So, are there, we've got a couple call in users. I have muted you looks like we've got some that may be on mute. If you guys have any questions that have not been asked yet, please feel free to under yourself and think of actually on me. I think the only caller I've got unmuted. Mark Meadows, you hear me? Yes, sir. Yes, please. Okay. I'm president of West. So yeah, we're just, I'm just on here. You said this presentation is going to be available so we can Google it and find it. Absolutely people to it. Okay. Yes, sir. It's actually 1 of the places if you want to write that down. But I can also tell you, we have these and I want to say Laura, we should be posting these on our project page. Yes, sir. I can make that easy for everyone. I do believe that I will have your emails tonight from you joining the recording. If you didn't put it, maybe not, but I'm going to put my email in the chat. And then we will post this recording onto the project webpage. So if you just go to Fort Worth, Texas dot gov. And either type in West Cliff, it should pop up for you because I tag them on the back end, but I will also email you if you'd like, and I'll put my email now in the chat. Perfect. Perfect. That works. And Mike, I'm a PE also. So if you see my car with a PE license, I'll get the only one in Texas. Oh, is that right? That's just PE on the license plate. Yeah. That's fine. Awesome. Awesome. Well, we do, I do want to just got to say I do appreciate we all appreciate how respectful this community has been. We know this is a very, very challenging project. It is one of the larger storm grain projects. We've actually done as far as the flood mitigation helping residents out. I know some of you guys have seen the boxes out there. So I think that may help out having you guys see the, the massive structures that we are putting in the ground. But just again, even when you guys are bringing your concerns and stuff like that, it's just been so extremely respectful. We appreciate you guys for that. So thank you and please continue to bring us questions and your concerns as you have them. Just like I've got another thing in the chat here, would it be possible to slow down the traffic on Carolyn road as well? It's extremely dangerous walking there now because of all the rerouted traffic and we have no sidewalks. We will look, we'll actually look into that Dylan, please. Let's add that to the notes as far as looking at Carolyn and central speeds limit signs to help. So what I'm hearing that you're going to be working on trail like. Almost all year next year, right? No, no, sir, not, not on like, no, it's looking to get that open January, February. Okay, awesome. All right. And I know that they're going to be asking me about the parade availability and stuff so that yeah, that's. That's something that we've we were, we've been brought aware made made aware of. And so that that is the pressure to get get it fully open prior to the marathon. Awesome. Do we have a marathon too? Yeah, and yeah, yeah. And we've got a fourth of July parade that comes through there. But anyway, that that works. That's good. It looks like we missed a question earlier in the chat about what is happening on a small segment of corto on the map. So pull up that exhibit. That is going to be a trenchless sewer rehabilitation. I don't remember the exact method off the top of my head. Keegan, do you happen to remember it? I, all I remember is that it's by other. Yes, this is going to be a, it's about 4 short sewer lines that are going to be replaced using pipe bursting. And we will be probably starting to get this area ready in about 2 weeks and maybe move in and somewhere between 3 and 4 weeks. The construction overall to replace these 4 lines should take maybe 4 weeks to complete. Okay, and you will need a little bit of access to people's backyards to dig down to reconnect their services to the line, correct? Yes, manholes will replace sewer service connections we replaced. It is called trenchless because we're not trenching down like we do Trail Lake, but there are still holes that need to be dug and excavations made for the reconnects. Everything that is disturbed will be put back to as it is or better. I'll be making a video of everyone's properties before any of our guys enter your lots and also passing out notices. It'll have Brian's contact information as well as mine same as this presentation. And if you've got any problems with anything during the construction, just call me and I'll come take care of it. Oh, we've got a couple more comments here in the chat. Mr. Nixon seconding the dangerousness of Carolyn Rhodes. So again, something we need to look into Dylan. Also, we've got another one here. I watched drivers that ignore the road close sign at seminary heading north on Trail Lake. Lots of drivers for you guys have to stop work, turn around, no outlet sign. It's there and somebody might help. I unfortunately, these drivers that are going through there, they're just bound and determined to go where they want to go. So we're aware of it. We're trying to let them know that they can't get out, but that's not really sure the road close sign. Kind of just tell you that it's just flat out closed. That's good. That's a good interesting thing. I'll have to think about that. No outlet. So are there any additional questions any followers that want to unmute. Okay, on corto section will backyard fencing be removed. Some fencing may need to be removed. We do try and keep this to a minimum because we have to put your fences back up. So, if it has to come down, it's because we have to to reach some sort of issue that's below ground in the fences in the way. It'll be put back up back the same is same or better. Yes. And if we have to leave it down for a portion of the project and you have dogs, we can change. We can section off parts of the yard with chain link or orange fence or whatever preference you have. We have all sorts of options on temporary fencing for our construction to be done. We have another question that came in right before that any info on the plan to manage fire department egress throughout through the project. We are we coordinate with our traffic management team that they are the ones that provide the street use permits and through that we do work with fire and emergency services. So it's they're all aware and we keep them informed as progress goes with the project. Any more questions. Any collars that would like to speak up. When does work in front of the school on Trail Lake start that's starting now and again. It's about. Yes, we connected to our pipe that we laid over the summer in Trail Lake today. And we started laying pipe toward. Wendale and West Seminary today and we'll continue it tomorrow and we'll get through it as fast as we possibly can. I kind of feel like I need to give a little bit of pause because it feels like we've got a very active community tonight and so I don't want to cut anybody off short. We do have our contact information. So if you do have weren't able to become with another question later.  Please please reach out because our goal is to keep everybody informed with the project. Thank you Mike you guys and your team do a great job. This is Laura. I did see that 2 people joined back. Mr. Nixon was on, but then a second person. You may want to. It's them again if they might have questions. Okay. Yes, we're anybody has any questions. That has just joined on. Well, I think if it's kind of drawing to a close here, we'll go ahead and stop the recording. But please anybody reach out because we are again this is this is a challenging one. We know we're continuing to take up a lot of the right away with the with the boxes that we have out there. So I know we're going to try and get those all of the ground as quickly as we can. But thanks everybody for your patience with us and we will see you soon. I'm sure. This is Laura. I'm going to stop the recording. Thank you ma'am.


Everybody, E here. Welcome back to another audiobook review. Today we are talking about The Need by Helen Phillips. I got this book on a whim. I had no idea I was going to be reading it. I was scrolling through Scribe looking for certain things and it recommended it because I read or I tried to finish Rules of Prey by John Sanford. I never finished that one. I don't know why this one is being marketed with people who like that book because I don't think people who like John Sanford will. Well, I think damn near everybody would like this this book. I hope. I don't know. I haven't looked at ratings. I'll probably go look at ratings. It'd be like 2.5 average. I don't know. There are some elements in the story that could that could chase a lot of people off especially if they were you know John Sanford fans. If you if you get my drift. There are certain things in this book that would scare off someone who who likes more of a procedural thriller that kind of deal. But this book is utterly amazing. It's I feel like I came across a hidden gem. I'd never heard of Phillips before. Never heard of this book. I only got it because I like the cover and it was only six hours long.  So I tried it. I listened to it for the first hour and a half. I listened to it while I was playing Dark Souls 3. I was just kind of goofing off trying to take my mind off stuff. And I started I started paying more attention to the audiobook than I did the game. I started dying in the game. So I turned the game off and I restarted the audiobook to make sure that because there was obviously something there that you know that was more than just your average thriller. And there are several curveballs in this story that I maybe I would have I still haven't read the description. Maybe there are hints in the description what's to come in this book. But because I read it blindly I'm going to suggest you do the same thing. Don't look up the the description description might not have any spoilers at all. I don't know. But I had a lot of fun and I didn't read the description. So whatever. The book I'm trying I'm trying not to talk too much about the story itself. And of course we don't have Ebert today because I don't want you guys reading the description unless you absolutely need to. And then you guys can hop over to Amazon and read it for yourself. I'll leave a buy link down there in the doobly-doo. But this one of those books that I feel like it came across a hidden gem. It's one of those stories where I'm like I had no idea this could even be this good. It is up there with some of the newer stuff that I found like a hashtag fashion victim. By Octar. And then you have Bunny by Mona Awad. I see here. Amina. Sorry. Amina, Octar, and Bunny by Mona Awad. And there's been a couple other ones. But this one I really really loved how it ended. I love I think it's the second I think it's the chapter oh man it's the it's like the bible quote chapter. If you get excuse me if you get to that part you know what I'm talking about. I especially love that one. Oh I'm thinking of ending things is another one. If you enjoyed I'm thinking of ending things by Ian Reed. You definitely need to check out this book. The audiobooks fantastic. I will be getting the hardcover. I already have it on order. I'm waiting for that to come in. But I will be rereading it once I get the actual physical edition and I hope I hope the writing's as good as it's sounded. That's one problem that you do tend to run into with audiobooks is the narrator makes the entire the entire thing worthwhile. But the story meant a lot to me so I will at least probably finish it in hard format also. Now as far the the reason why I like this book so much is it's a character-driven piece from a character named Molly's perspective. It's not uh yeah it is it is first person because her milk does she say my milk chopped or her milk I can't remember but it's either first person it's been like a week since I finished it so my apologies. But uh in the story you you deal with Molly and you deal with this other individual and you also deal with Molly's kids but with Molly you were looking at a woman reduced to motherhood. That's the best way that I can put it. Everything about her the way she sees herself the way she interacts with the world everything is as the mother of these two children and the book feels like this woman is trying to find herself to to to find a piece of her somewhere anywhere she she wants to find her own humanity individuality whatever it might be she wants to find that and not be this object and it's not an object of desire unless you want to the child desires milk but every single scene is tense in my mind you never you have no idea what this woman is capable of and here she is possibly losing her mind with two very very young children one of them is still breastfeeding there's Vivian and I think it's Ben yeah it's I believe it's Ben I'm also listening to it in Naya Alburn's book right now and I don't want to get the names of the kids confused because I'm bad with kids names. Vivian in the book is a little girl I remember that one very very well because she was hyper annoying but that was good because like in the Babadook in that movie you see the mother crumbling through the actions of the child the more the child acts out the more the mother withdraws at the same time the more she withdraws the more the child acts out so there's that constant circular that there's that tension you know it's going to happen you know they're going to drive this woman crazy but this one is much more about the breaking than the break that makes sense this story once again I think I've said this a lot this week so far it's all about the journey for me and the journey watching this woman break or not break or however you want to read the end of this one this is another one of those books where some people are going to like the book went nowhere no the book went to amazing places a fantastic ending I enjoyed the entire experience so far I have read five books this year and three of those books have been five star reads I don't know if it's where I'm at mentally or if it's if it's because life doesn't really suck right now but I'm not in the best place emotionally so I'm not entirely sure but it feels like I'm enjoying this stuff because I need more escapism either that or I'm just finally doing what my buddy Kevin at well red beard says you know if if you're not enjoying your books you know if you're not enjoying your read you're reading the wrong books I can't remember exactly how he says it but every time he says it I'm like yes that's that's a smart-ass outro anyways have you read the need by Helen Phillips I would love to hear from you whether you loved it hated it indifferent to it if you are any of those things explain to me why you loved it why you hated it why you're indifferent any of those things down there in the doobly-doo but until next time I have any you've been you this has been another book review I'll talk to you guys later bye


I made you want to be Skid Robot. One night I was out with my girlfriend at the time cruising around downtown doing some graffiti and I kept expressing to her how I wanted to do something different and she takes notice of someone sleeping on the floor, this is in the Skid Row area and she said well why don't you paint that person dreaming of money and I said that's brilliant. Can you show me some of the artwork that still exists?  I'm not saying that that art is going to change her life however if it reminds you of home, home creates a certain feeling of peace. I think what Skid Robot is doing is just amazing. He's not looking for any kind of self-acclamation, he's not looking for any kind of self-glory and the way he's doing it, he's calling his own shots. What's up? We're looking for a place to do an art installation. I kind of need this on the row somewhere because I'm creating an oasis in the middle of Skid Row. What are we doing down here today? We're about to change the landscape, to change the perception on homelessness by turning this into an oasis in the middle of Skid Row. As simply as I could put it, I'm a human being and I care about what goes on around me. When I see people living in these conditions it makes me feel bad. My goal is just to take them out of the harsh reality that's so consistent and break that held captive by reality set free by the imagination.


Hello and welcome to the International Daily Roundup by People's Dispatch where we bring you major news developments from across the world, our headlines. Anti-racism protests intensify across the US following another video of a black man being shot by the police. Jordan releases teachers union leaders on bail. Mass mobilizations take place in Colombia calling for an end to massacres. And the Caribbean community demands justice and reparations for slavery. Nearly three months after the murder of George Floyd, protests have intensified once again following the release of another video of a police shooting yet another black man. The incident took place on Sunday evening in the town of Kenosha in Wisconsin. A graphic video of police officers shooting a black man went viral. The man was identified as Jacob Blake. In the graphic video taken from across the street, the officer shooting Blake was seen firing seven rounds into his back while holding him inside the car. At the time of the incident, Blake's wife and children were also present on the scene according to a statement by the attorney representing the family. State Governor Tony Evers also added that Blake is currently receiving medical care after being flown to hospital. Within hours of the shooting, hundreds of protesters gathered near the scene of the crime and held a demonstration condemning the violence. The demonstration took place despite the Kenosha County administration having declared an overnight curfew at a state of emergency. Family friends said that Blake is out of surgery but remains in intensive care. Details about what transpired is still unclear with only limited information being given out. According to reports, the police stated at the time of the incident that they were responding to a domestic violence call in the area but no details were given about the caller or the call itself. Meanwhile, in the city of Portland, the right-wing pro-Trump group Proud Boys attacked anti-racist demonstrators on Saturday. According to the police, according to the police account which does not mention Proud Boys, the violence was the result of clashes between opposing groups of demonstrators outside the justice center in the city. But several protesters in eyewitness accounts have declared that Proud Boys instigated fights at several places. The justice center houses the contentious juvenile detention center and has been among the constant site of daily demonstrations since May. Residents and protesters have been strongly demanding the closure of the detention center in nearly three months of protest. The police again declared a riot by Sunday which is followed by a forcible crowd dispersal against the protesters, residents and even media persons in downtown Portland. The city's demonstrations were recently in the national spotlight after a controversial deployment of federal forces by the Donald Trump administration and reports of unlawful detention by them. In our next story, we go to Jordan where 13 elected board members of the Jordanian teachers' syndicate were released on bail after completing the mandatory one month detention period on Sunday. The top leaders of the country's largest teachers' union, including its acting head Nassir Navarra Sreh, were arrested on July 25. The arrest and detention of the union leaders last month was part of a wider crackdown by the Jordanian authorities on the teachers' union and thousands of associated teachers all over the country. The union was protesting the government's failure to keep its promise from last year to increase the salaries of teachers along with better working conditions. The teachers' union organized one of Jordan's biggest strikes yet in September 2019. The strike which lasted over a month was organized in order to put pressure on the government to agree to their demands. The strike entered after the government agreed to meet the union's demands. However, in April this year, the government went back on its promise. It cited the lack of funds in the economic slowdown due to COVID-19 as a reason. Following this, the government banned the union for two years. Security forces also raided several of the union's offices and branches around the country arresting top leaders. The government also issued a gag order on the media from reporting on the issue as well as on other developments and investigations into the leaders. In our next story, Colombian youth organizations organized mass mobilizations across the country in response to frequent massacres and recent surge in the killing of youth and social leaders. The protests took place in the backdrop of three fresh massacres that took place in the country over 24 hours. Marchers carried signs saying, we are not combatants, we are not drug traffickers and we are not criminals, we are just young people. Protesters also brought forward the issue of the resurgence of paramilitarism, police abuse and brutality and violations by the military against civilian rights. The normalization of the violence throughout the country as the government of Iván Duque has failed to uphold the 2016 Peace Accord was also raised. Pot-banging protests took place on Saturday in cities such as Cali and Bogota. Meanwhile, Iván Duque has been accused of presenting highly dubious figures on collective homicides or massacres and making the argument that Colombia has made gains in lowering the rates of such violent crimes. The number of massacres in Colombia up till August as of this year has nearly surpassed the figures of 2019. And finally, citing years of slavery and racism perpetrated by European and North American countries, the Caribbean community CARICOM demanded justice for its member countries. The demand was made in the context of the International Law for the Remembrance of Slave Trade and its Abolition. CARICOM, through its Reparation Commission, advocated for the compensation for damages caused to indigenous and Afro-descendant communities of the Caribbean during the colonization period. A public apology was demanded from countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark for the damage caused due to the Caribbean people during slavery. In July, CARICOM Chairman and Prime Minister of St. Vincent at the Grenadines, Dr. Raul Gonzales issued a statement marking Emancipation Day stating that he urged all in CARICOM to focus on reparations for the enslavement of Africans on Emancipation Day 2020. Gonzales also urged governments in the region to develop better programs to educate people about the importance of slavery reparations in the Caribbean. The Prime Minister of Barbados, Mia Mortley, highlighted that slavery reparations have more to do with justice than material compensation. That's all we have time for today. We will be back tomorrow with major news developments from across the world. Until then, keep watching People's Dispatch. Thank you very much.