My name is Sam Baknin, I'm a professor of psychology and the author of Malignant Self-Love, Narcissism Revisited and a series of other books and e-books about personality disorders, philosophy and allied topics. I was very surprised recently when I found out that there's a lot of material online, numerous, numerous innumerable videos and texts and articles and papers on various forms of abuse such as sexual abuse and sexual assault, verbal abuse, mental abuse, psychological abuse, even financial abuse and legal abuse. But there's very little of substance in depth about physical abuse, battering, assault, physical assault and so I rushed to the bridge and in today's video I will try to deal with two issues. The first one, what are the effects of physical abuse on the intimate partner, on the victim? And the second question is, how does society react to physical abuse, battering and physical assault when it is within the confines of the diet, when it is within a couple, when it's in a marriage?  Issues such as where is the boundary, where is the limit between a reasonable expected expression of physical aggression and physical assault, is there such a thing, is there a legitimate way to express physical aggression? What if I break objects, smash things, is that okay, etc. etc. So how society views this issue is the second part of the video. The first part of the video is the most recent knowledge about how physical abuse affects the battered, the assaulted party. And I would like to start with a quote from one of my favorite authors on the topic. He wrote a seminal essay called Understanding the Batterer in Visitation and Custody Disputes. His name is Landi Benkrat and he sums up the asymmetry in favor of the offender. And this is what he says. Batterers, people who are physically assault others, batterers adopt the role of a hurt sensitive man who does not understand how things got so bad and just wants to work it all out for the good of the children. This man may cry and use language that demonstrates considerable insight into his own feelings. He is likely to be skilled at explaining how other people have turned the victim against him and how she is denying him access to the children as a form of revenge. The batterer commonly accuses her, his intimate partner, of having mental health problems and may state that her family and friends agree with him that she is hysterical and that she is promiscuous. The abuser tends to be comfortable lying, having years of practice, and so can sound believable when making baseless statements. The abuser benefits when professionals believe that they can just tell who is lying and who is telling the truth, and so these professionals fail to adequately investigate. Because of the effects of trauma, the victim of battering will often seem hostile, disjointed and agitated, while the abuser appears to be friendly, articulate and calm. Evaluators are thus tempted to conclude that the victim is the source of the problems in the relationship. End quote. Landy Bencroft. Go online and find anything he has ever written. But physical abuse, physical assault, including sexual assault, if it is very violent and aggressive. What does it do to the victim? What does it do to the affected party? I'm not going to focus on trauma. PTSD, CPTSD. There are other videos that I've made which deal with this aspect. Trauma is a delayed reaction. It's not immediate. Trauma is the outcome of processing the assault, processing the violation of one's boundaries, or processing the invasion, and processing the humiliation in some ways, not the cystic injury or modification to the individual. So trauma is a delayed reaction. Nor is trauma universal. Many people do not get traumatized. So trauma is highly idiosyncratic, highly specific to certain individuals with predisposition for trauma. I've discussed all this in other videos. Today what I want to discuss is what physical abuse does to the relationship between the victim and her body. There is one place in which one's privacy, intimacy, integrity, and inviolability are guaranteed. It's one's body. One's body is a unique temple, a shrine, a familiar territory of sensory input and personal history. What happens? The assaulter, the batterer, the torturer is let's call a spade a spade.  This is torture. This is exactly what torturers do on behest of governments when they torture, I don't know, terrorism suspects. Torture is exactly this. The confluence, the congruence and the collusion of a psychological dimension and a physical dimension where the physical is a mere ramification or manifestation or expression of implied psychological signaling and messaging.   You have no boundaries and no protection from me. I can invade you at any time. I can do anything I want to you. It's a horror film. And so I'm going to use the word torture if you don't mind. The assaulter, the batterer, the torturer invades, defiles, desecrates this shrine, the body. And he does it usually publicly. Most domestic violence and family violence takes place in the presence of witnesses, usually children, but not only children. Parents of the assaulted party, friends of the assaulted party, family of the assaulted party, neighbors. So most of these attacks take place publicly, deliberately, repeatedly and often sadistically and involve usually some sexual dimension or at least erotic damage. They contain an element of undisguised pleasure. It's not the pleasure in attacking the other party. It's not the pleasure in causing pain. That would be pure sadism. It's the pleasure of omnipotence. It's the pleasure in establishing a power of hierarchy, a power matrix. The torture, the abuser, the harasser, the batterer is on top. He's top dog. It's the submissiveness of the victim that turns him on. It's a power play, exactly like rape. Rape is not about sex, it's about power. And so there's an all-pervasive, long-lasting and frequently irreversible effects and outcomes, both to the victim and equally importantly to the abuser. Because physical abuse is habituating. It triggers a dopamine loop in the brain. It causes pleasure. Omnipotence is a pleasurable experience. And so the abuser wants more. He is incentivised by his own brain to abuse even more and more in a way that torture victim's own body is rendered her worst enemy. You see, it's the abuser. It's the attacker that causes the pain. But the corporeal agony is experienced by the body. And in a way, the victim begins to resent her body. It's very childish. There's a lot of magical thinking here, primitive thinking. It's like the abuser is angry at the body, resents the body. Why do you cause me pain? Why don't you resist the abuse effectively by not causing me pain? It's this agony that compels the sufferer to mutate. The identity of the victim fragments her ideals and principles crumble. The body becomes an accomplice of the tormentor, accomplice of the abuser. They both work together to cause the victim pain, agony. It is an uninterruptible channel of communication to the victim. It's a treasonous, poison territory. The body becomes a fifth column, a traitor. And so this fosters a humiliating dependency of the abused victim on the perpetrator. She becomes dependent on the perpetrator. You see, in most cases of domestic violence and family violence, bodily needs are denied. For example, many victims of physical abuse will tell you that they are afraid to go to sleep. They're afraid to fall asleep. Many of them avoid going to the toilet because they're afraid to emerge to the unknown, to the unpredictable. To the capricious and arbitrary and oral-like disjointed reality. Many of them for go food because meals, family meals, are usually cause trigger for physical assault. So many bodily needs, the victim denies her bodily needs and they are wrongly perceived by the victim, is the direct causes of her degradation and dehumanization as she sees it. She is rendered bestial, she is rendered animalistic. Not by the sadistic bully, her spouse or her boyfriend or whoever is. Not by the sadistic bully, but by her own flesh and blood. Her own body betrays her, turns on her, turns against her. She can't trust her body anymore. There's a relationship of mistrust and distrust. The very concept of body can easily be extended to family or to whom. Torture is often applied not only to the spouse, but to kin and kith, to children, to the children, to the spouse's parents, her brother, siblings, whatever. Even colleagues. And the typical physical batterer, the typical abuser, intends to disrupt the continuity of surroundings, habits, appearance, relations with others. This quote that I just used is from the CIA. The CIA, being the savory organization that it is, published a manual about torture, where it advises torturers and tormentors how to disrupt the continuity and therefore the identity of the victim. A sense of cohesive self-identity depends crucially on the familiar, on the benevolent, on the continuous. You have to believe that people around you are essentially good. Yes, they can behave immorally, they can make mistakes, they can even sometimes deceive you or betray you, but essentially they're good. This belief is very often counterfactual when it comes to the abuser. The abuser is not good, is malicious, malevolent. By attacking both one's physical body and one's social body, the victim's psyche is strained to the point of dissociation and breaking. There's a scholar by the name of Beatriz Pazalides, and she describes this transmogrification in her work, in her essay, Ethics of the Unspeakable, Torture Survivors in Psychoanalytic Treatment. She writes and quoting, As the gap between the I and the me deepens, dissociation and alienation increase. The subject that under torture was forced into the position of a pure object has lost her sense of interiority, intimacy and privacy. Time is experienced now in the present only, and perspective, that which allows for a sense of relativity, is foreclosed. Thoughts and dreams attack the mind and invade the body, as if the protective skin that normally contains our thoughts, gives us space to breathe in between the thought and the thing being thought about, as if the skin separates. This skin falls away, it separates between the inside and the outside, the past and the present, the me and the you, and this skin was lost. Torture robs the victim of the most basic, end of quote, yeah. Torture robs the victim of the most basic modes of relating to reality. It is the equivalent of cognitive death. Space and time are warped by, for example, sleep deprivation and by the lack of predictability. We perceive our surroundings, our environment via habits and via models in the brain, models of cause and effect. A leads to B, if I do X I will get Y. Physical assault, physical battering, they disrupt discontinuity, they disrupt the rationality, they disrupt the reason behind the world. The world becomes, to use Jordan Peterson's term, chaotic, there's chaos. The self, the eye, is shattered. The tortured party have nothing familiar to hold on to. Not family, not home, not personal belongings, not loved ones, not language even. Some abusers, physical abusers, react when the victim uses her name. It seems to trigger them for some reason. Gradually the victims lose their mental resilience, their sense of freedom and who they are. They feel alien, unable to communicate, unable to relate, to attach, to empathize with other people. There's a marked decline in empathy, by the way, among torture victims. It's very similar to people with chronic illness. Chronic illness is also perceived to be an attack on the body. COVID-19 is an attack on your body with which your body is collaborating. Torture splinters early childhood grandiose narcissistic fantasies of uniqueness, omnipotence, invulnerability, impenetrability, and most importantly, loveability that you can be loved. But physical assault enhances the fantasy of merger with an idealized and omnipotent, though not benign, other. The inflictor of the agony, that's the said irony, trauma bonding, Stockholm syndrome. It's a said irony, the more you're tortured, the more you're bullied, the more you physically attack, the more you're hurt, the more you're wounded, the more you end up in hospital, the more you get attached to the person who is doing this to you. The twin processes of individuation and separation are reversed by physical assault because it's like the bodies merge. The body of your attacker and your body are collaborating. They become a single organism, single entity of pain. Torture isn't the ultimate act of perverted intimacy. The torture invades the victim's body, pervades her psyche, possesses her mind, deprived of contact with others, starved for human interactions. Typically, the prey, the victim, bonds with the only person around. The predatory assaulter, the predatory attacker, her abuser. Traumatic bonding akin to Stockholm syndrome is about hope, actually. It's about the search for meaning in the brutal and indifferent and nightmarish universe of the torture cell, usually the family, the family unit.   He feeds on her suffering. The victim tries to control her tormentor, to control the attacker by becoming one with him, by merging and fusing with him, by interjecting him, and by appealing to the monsters presumably dormant humanity and empathy. And this bonding is especially strong when the torture and the tortured form a dyad. When they are really attached to each other. It's a common myth that stalkers, abusers, batterers and so on are not attached to the prey. They are even more attached than in a typical relationship. Hate, aggression are a glue that is stronger than love. And so the bonding is very strong. The dyad is very powerful. And so the victim seeks to collaborate in the rituals and acts and ceremonies of torture. For example, when the victim is coerced sometimes into selecting the torture implements and the types of torment to be inflicted, or to choose between two evils, or to participate in sex acts that she finds abhorrent and painful. The psychologist Shirley Spitz offers this powerful overview of the contradictory nature of torture. In a seminar titled The Psychology of Torture in 1989, I'm quoting, Torture is an obscenity in that it joins what is most private with what is most public. Torture entails all the isolation and the extreme solitude of privacy with none of the usual security embodied therein. Torture entails at the same time all the self-exposure of the utterly public with none of its possibilities for camaraderie or shared experience. The presence of an all-powerful other with whom to merge without the security of the other's benign intentions. A further obscenity of torture is the inversion it makes of intimate human relationships. The interrogation is a form of social encounter in which the normal rules of communicating, of relating, of intimacy, are manipulated. Dependency and its needs are elicited by the interrogator, by the abuser, by the attacker, by the assaulter. But not so they may be met as in close relationship but in order to weaken and confuse. Independence that is offered in return for betrayal is a lie. Silence is intentionally misinterpreted either as confirmation of information or as guilt for complicity.  The final products and outcomes of torture are a scarred and often shattered victim in an empty display of the fiction of power. End quote. Obsessed by endless ruminations, demented by pain and a continuum of sleeplessness, the victim regresses. It goes back to childhood, shedding but all but the most primitive defense mechanisms. Declating narcissism, dissociation, projective identification, interjection and cognitive dissonance. All the rest are deleted. In other words, physical assault, battery induces what we call decompensation. The victim constructs an alternative world often suffering from depersonalization and derealization. Such as amnesiac dissociation, hallucinations, ideas of reference, delusions and even psychotic episodes. Sometimes the victim comes to crave pain. Crave pain masochistically very much as self-mutilators do because it is a proof and reminder of her individuated existence otherwise blurred by the incessant torture. In other words, the more physically you are attacked, the more you are raped, the more you are abused, battered, broken, beaten. The more sometimes you get addicted to the pain, the more you crave the pain because it's only when you are in pain, in agony, in anguish that you feel alive. The rest of the time you feel dead or suspended or disanimated somehow in a vegetative state. In other words, pain wakes you up. Pain shields the suffering from disintegration and capitulation. It keeps you alive and resistant. It enhances resilience. It preserves the veracity of her unthinkable and unspeakable experiences. It proves to you that you are right. The abuser is wrong. Pain is a certificate of virtue. This dual process of the victim's alienation and addiction to anguish. This process complements the perpetrators view of his quarry as inhuman or subhuman. The abuser, the attacker, the torturer assumes the position of the sole authority, the exclusive found and source of meaning and interpretation. The fountainhead of evil and good. Godlike. Torture is about reprogramming the victim to succumb to an alternative interpretation exegesis of the world. The abuser comes to the victim, the attacker, the batterer, the bitter, the wife bitter, comes to the victim and says, listen, I'm going to use your body to alter your mind. It is an act of deep, indelible, traumatic indoctrination. Brainwashing, the abused, the victim also swallows whole and assimilates her attackers, her abuser's negative view of her and often as a result is rendered suicidal, self-destructive, self-defeating. Torture has no cut-off date. Once you are physically assaulted, even in a single incident by the way, let alone over many years, the sounds, the voices, the smells, the sensations, the emotions attendant on that incident reverberating your mind like in an echo chamber long after the episode had ended, you experience nightmares, but also in waking moments. The victim's ability to trust other people, to assume that their motives are at least rational, if not necessarily benign. This trust is irrevocably undermined, shattered, broken. Social institutions are perceived as precariously poised on the verge of an ominous, Kafkaesque mutation. When I say social institutions, I mean also the family. Nothing is either safe or credible anymore. Victims typically react by undulating, oscillating between emotional numbing and increased arousal, insomnia, irritability, restlessness, attention deficits. These are not the result of numbing, on the contrary, they are the result of an excitatory state, adrenaline-infused body, fight of light or freeze or fall, recollections of the traumatic events intrude in the form of dreams, night terrors, flashbacks, distressing associations. The victim, the tortured, develop compulsive rituals to fend off obsessive thoughts, intrusive thoughts. Other psychological sequela reported include cognitive impairment, reduced capacity to learn. I'm talking about the victim. After she's habitually, sexually molested, physically attacked or both, so she develops cognitive impairment, reduced capacity to learn, memory disorders, sexual dysfunction, social withdrawal, inability to maintain long-term relationships or even mere intimacy, phobias like agoraphobias, ideas of reference and superstitions, delusions, hallucinations, psychotic microepisodes and emotional flatness. Depression and anxiety of course are very common. These are forms and manifestations of self-directed aggression. Victim is very angry at herself for having placed herself in the tortured chamber. The sufferer rages at her own victim and the resulting multiple dysfunctions. She feels ashamed by her new disabilities and she feels responsible or somehow even guilty for her predicament and the dire consequences borne by her nearest and dearest. Her sense of self-worth and self-esteem are crippled sometimes for good. In a nutshell, victims of physical assault suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder or CPTSD if the assault takes place over a protracted period of time in their many repeated incidents. Their strong feelings of anxiety, guilt and shame are also typical of victims of childhood abuse, domestic violence of other forms and rape. These victims feel anxious because the perpetrator's behavior is seemingly arbitrary and unpredictable or mechanically and inhumanly regular, robotic. Victims feel guilty and disgraced because to restore a semblance of order to their shattered world and a modicum of dominion over their chaotic lives, the victims need to transform themselves into the cause of their own degradation and the accomplices of their tormentors. They lie to themselves and say all this happened to me, I made it happen. I was the cause, I provoked him. I provoked him, that's why he's misbehaving. And you remember the videos I've made about modification. Sometimes when you can't accept, when you cannot accept that you had been victimized, you compensate by telling yourself, I have been victimized justly, I deserved it, I had it coming. I made it happen.  The aforementioned charitable organization, the CIA, in its human resource exploitation training manual dated 1983 and reprinted in the April 1997 issue of Harper's Magazine summed up the theory of coercion this way. As I remind you, it's the CIA. The purpose of all coercive techniques is to induce psychological regression in the subject by bringing a superior outside force to bear on her will to resist. Regression is basically a loss of autonomy, a reversion to an earlier behavioral level. As this subject regresses, her learned personality traits fall away in reverse chronological order. She begins to lose the capacity to carry out the highest creative activities to deal with complex situations or to cope with stressful interpersonal relationships or repeated frustrations. Trust the CIA to get it right. Inevitably, in the aftermath of physical assault or torture, the victims feel helpless, powerless, impotent. And this loss of control over one's life and body is manifested physically, sometimes in erectile dysfunction or impotence, vaginismus, attention deficits, insomnia. And this is often exacerbated by the disbelief, disbelief of many victims, torture victims, physical abuse victims, battering victims. Victims encounter disbelief when they try to recount their experiences, when they try to describe what had happened to them, they are not believed. They are rejected, especially if they are unable to produce scars, control scars or other objective proof of their ordeal. This happens a lot to rape victims. Language cannot communicate such an intensely private experience as pain. Back to speech, she makes the following observation. Pain is also unshareable, cannot be shared, in that it is resistant to language. All our interior states of consciousness, emotional, perceptual, cognitive and somatic, can be described as having an object in the external world. This affirms our capacity to move beyond the boundaries of our body into the external shareable world. This is the space in which we interact and communicate with our environment. But when we explore the interior state of physical pain, we find that there is no object out there, no external referential content. Pain is not of or for anything, pain is. And it draws us away from the space of interaction, the shareable world, inwards. It draws us into the boundaries of our own body. And so bystanders, observers resent the tortured victim, resent the victim because the victim makes them feel guilty and ashamed for having done nothing to prevent the atrocity. The victims threaten people's sense of security and their much needed belief in predictability, justice, rule of law and the benevolence of people. The victims on their part don't believe that it is possible to effectively communicate to outsiders what they have been through. So there's a gulf, there's an abyss between the two. The torture chambers, the family setting where violence took place, the marital or the conjugal bed where you've been raped, that's another galaxy. This is how Auschwitz was described by the author Katzetnik in his testimony in the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem in 1961.  So in this encyclopedia, in the article on torture, he quotes Harvard psychiatrist Judith Herman, the woman who came up with complex post-traumatic stress disorder. So Herman says, it is very tempting to take the side of the perpetrator, of the abuser. All the perpetrator asks is that the bystander do nothing. The abuser appeals to the universal desire to see, hear and speak no evenly. You know the three monkeys? The victim on the contrary is asking the bystander to share the burden of pain. The victim demands action, engagement, remembering. People don't want that. But more often, continued attempts to repress fearful memories result in psychosomatic illnesses. This is known as a conversion symptom. The victim wishes to forget the assault, to forget the rape, to forget the torture, to avoid re-experiencing the often life-threatening abuse and to shield her human environment from the horrors. She doesn't tell her children, she doesn't share with her parents or with her siblings or with her friends or with her neighbors or colleagues. She hides her scars and the wounds, you know, the famous sunglasses, the famous long sleeves, the famous conspicuous scars that physical abuse victims wear. In conjunction with the victim's pervasive distrust, this is frequently interpreted as hypervigilance or even paranoia. It seems that the victims cannot win. Torture is forever. It is telling that precious few psychology and psychopathology textbooks dedicate an entire chapter to abuse and violence. Yes, it's a fact. Few psychology and textbooks have a chapter on violence and abuse.  Abusive behavior did not make it into the diagnostic criteria of mental health disorders and the psychodynamic, cultural and social roots of abuse were never explored in depth. As a result of this deficient education and lacking awareness and denial, most law enforcement officers, policemen, cops, judges, counselors, guardians, evaluators, mediators, they are worryingly ignorant about the phenomenon of abuse and especially physical abuse. Only 4%, you heard it right, 4% of hospital emergency room admissions of women in the United States are attributed by staff to domestic violence. The true figure, according to the FBI, is 50%. So half of all women who are admitted to emergency rooms in hospitals were physically assaulted, raped and battered. Half, but the staff of the hospital misclassifies them and attributes only 4% to domestic violence. One in three murdered women was done in by her spouse, current or former. The US Department of Justice picks the number of spouses, mostly women, threatened with a deadly weapon at almost 2 million annually. Domestic violence erupts in a mind-boggling half of all American homes at least once a year. And these are not isolated out of the blue incidents. Mistreatment and violence are part of an enduring pattern of maladaptive behavior within their relationship. They are sometimes coupled with substance abuse. Abuses are possessive, pathologically jealous, dependent and often narcissistic. Invariably both the abuser and his victim, they seek to conceal the abusive episodes in their aftermath from family, friends, neighbors, colleagues or authorities. And this dismal state of things is an abuser's and stalker's paradise. This is especially true with psychological, verbal and emotional abuse which leaves no visible marks and renders the victim incapable of coherence. And so this no typical offender, that's true, maltreatment crosses racial, cultural, social and economic lines. And this is because until very recently abuse has constituted a normative, socially acceptable, condoned behavior. It was okay to abuse. In the law of the land in the United Kingdom, there were measurements as to the size of the stick that the husband can use to beat up his wife. Kidding you're not. Abuse, physical abuse against children and against spouse are still an integral part of many cultures and societies. For example, in Russia, they deleted, they removed the law, they had the law and they got rid of it. A domestic violence law.  It's part of the socialization process. In many Muslim countries, beating up women is an acceptable practice. And children. For the bulk of human history, women and children were considered no better than property. Châtel. Indeed, well into the 18th century, women and children still made it into lists of assets and liabilities of the household. One bed, two desks, one woman, three children. Early legislation in America, fashioned after European law, both Anglo-Saxon and continental, permitted wife battering for the purpose of behavior modification. The circumference of the stick used, specified the statute, should not exceed that of the husband's son. Inevitably, many victims blame themselves for the dismal state of affairs. The abused party may have low self-esteem, fluctuating sense of self-worth, primitive defense mechanisms, phobias, mental health problems, a disability, a history of failure, or a tendency to blame herself. Autoplastic defense to feel inadequate, this kind of victim may come from an abusive family or environment which conditioned her to expect abuse as inevitable and normal. In extreme and rare cases, the victim is a masochist, possessed of an urge to seek ill treatment and pain. And gradually the victims convert these unhealthy emotions, this background of mental health dysfunction, end their learned helplessness in the face of persistent gaslighting, they convert all this into psychosomatic symptoms, into anxiety, panic attacks, depression, or in extremists, suicidal ideation, and even suicidal gestures. I want to quote from my book, Toxic Relationships, Abusiness, Aftermath, the November 2005 edition. Therapists, marriage counselors, mediators, court-appointed guardians, police officers, and judges are all human, may come as a shock to you. Some of them are social reactionaries, others are narcissistic, and a few of these people are themselves spouse abusers. Many things work against the victim facing the justice system and the psychological profession. Let's start with denial. I'm quoting from the book, Toxic Relationships, Abuse, and Its Aftermath. Let's start with denial. Abuse is such a horrid phenomenon that society and its delegates often choose to ignore it or to convert it into a more benign manifestation, kind of narrative, typically by pathologising the situation or the victim rather than the perpetrator. A man's home is still his castle and the authorities are loath to intrude and intervene. Most abusers are men, most victims are women, even the most advanced communities in the world are largely still patriarchal and chauvinistic, misogynistic gender stereotypes, superstitions, biases, prejudices, strong. Therapists are not immune to these ubiquitous and age-old influences and biases, don't think they have a special lease on objectivity. Therapists are amenable to the considerable charm, persuasiveness and manipulativeness of the abuser and his impressive thespian acting skills. The abuser offers plausible rendition of the events, interpret the events in his favour. The therapist rarely has a chance to witness, actually witness, an abusive exchange first hand and at close quarters. In contrast, when the abused victim comes to the therapist, she is often on the verge of a nervous breakdown. She is harassed, unkempt, irritable, impatient, abrasive and hysterical. She is confronted with this contrast between a polished, self-controlled, suave, groomed, charming abuser and his harried casualties. It is easy to reach a conclusion that the real victim is the abuser or that both parties abuse each other equally. The praise, the victim's acts of self-defense, her attempts to be assertive, her insistence on her rights are interpreted even by therapists as aggression, liability or a mental health problem. The profession's propensity to pathologise extends to the wrongdoers as well. Alas, few therapists are equipped to do proper clinical work, including diagnosis. Abuses are thought by practitioners of psychology to be emotionally disturbed, the twisted outcomes of a history of familial violence and childhood traumas. They are typically diagnosed as suffering from some kind of personality disorder and inordinately low self-esteem or co-dependence coupled with an all-devouring fear of abandonment. Example in the case of Bordenheim, personality disorder. Consummate abusers use the right vocabulary. They feign the appropriate emotions and effects. They display remorse, they repent, they regret, they are ashamed and guilty ostentatiously. And they sway. They sway the therapist and the evaluator's judgment. They're good at manipulating. That's what they do best. But while the victim's pathology works against her, especially in custody battles, the culprit's illness works for him. There's a mitigating circumstance, especially in criminal proceedings. The system ends up re-pathologising and re-traumatising the victim. Don't forget that.


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So Listen man, true talking appeal talk man you something else man I looked on my pages we can see where he had a he called out A list that we had different people on it from dr. Dre and Jimmy I've been from easy e to Jerry hella A d and Adam 22 on there from no jumper when they was together He had a blad and boosie on there and this list was something else to me because I'm like man You know when you think about it Is there an exportation going on or is it a thing where people just work well together, but it's a whatever smoke There's five man, and I can tell you something if it's anything going on Oh, true talking appeal talk is tapping in trying to figure it out Been that way man ever since I came into this game and watch this young dude So man, if you guys don't know who that is go look at it True talking appeal talk you wanted the Texas bloggers man. He wanted them was that really is putting it down for The movement of the music and he's he's reporting on all things So that's one of the things I've seen and it really stuck out to me this week What else did I see this week because I've seen a lot of different things But I'm just picking on the ones that's sticking out to me that I can think about.  I'll pay for their ticket to get into this event But it's definitely gonna be great food great people entrepreneurs people of relevance Gonna be at this place and you know, I bring people together So at the end of the day, you've seen how many people I deal with man And and I'm bringing some elite people and they're gonna be sitting eating talking and sharing things with one another And the food is gonna be great cuz Derek has a restaurant and it's in Culver City in Los Angeles. If you have out there stop by this spot. It's over in the Culver City area very nice area I've been there several times did different things Derek at his shop and and it's just he's bringing that field of Texas man. He's here in Dallas now So make sure you guys Come in like I said, I'm bringing Yes, whoever come in and it's something I see the sticks out in the comments. I Will literally get to them. I will inbox them I will get on the comments go to their YouTube page find out who they are and I will invite them and pay You got to be here. You got to come to Dallas though If you want to come up pull up get in the comments. Let's do this man I want to bring you out and show you love man And thank you for supporting boss talk 101 and introduce you to some elite elite people I'm trying to figure out what else what else what else going on y'all So used to doing my lives and doing being a student. This is different for me. I think it's The blue check the blue check LeBron James Elon Musk is alluded to the fact that he might have brought it like he paid for the blue check This blue check thing is getting ridiculous man when you start to look at how many people are Tripping about their checks of their blue chicks. They rather have a blue chick than a real chick. I never understood that So I'm about that real chick But I understand it solidifies people But they have guys comment on this blue chick thing What do y'all think about what is blue chick thing is going how people are are you know, whether it be they buying them or whether it be there? They're they're Losing their paid losing them. There's the now that people are buying them Are they gonna lose them on the Instagram? They buy the blue chick now. You can pay for it monthly What about when you came afford to get it no more do you let it go back to people see you when you lose your blue check? But Elon Musk is tripping off the blue checks. I don't know. I think they may be taking them away completely off Twitter I don't know, but I can tell you right now. It's a thing where people are Definitely trying to figure out What's going on with you as a person when it comes to the blue chick man, but hey man Hey, hey, you either got it or you don't you either that or you this or you not or you are at the end of the Day is funny to me our people, you know, definitely Take that and make that Thing the going thing but check it man. Hey, man. Listen man. All I can say is man We got to keep this thing going man boss talk for no one man Make sure you get the comments like and subscribe to our channel man. I hope you like the new segment It's gonna be a new segment. It's gonna be going down man. Check it man. Mr. Checking man Except in the building e-ceo Highlight your boy


We have this notion that everybody wants us to fail or is looking for all of our flaws. In fact, everybody really wants you to succeed. If you're in my audience when I'm doing a presentation or in my class when I'm teaching or in my meeting that I'm presenting in, you're there because you wanna get some value from me.  So if we take some of that pressure off, it can really help. I think another big fallacy that a lot of us have is, well, if I just prescript it and I just follow a recipe, then I won't have any of this stress and anxiety, but actually scripting things is worse for you than getting comfortable with this unknown and having frameworks to rely on in the spontaneity of communication. You're highlighting one of the big counterintuitive notions in the work I do and the book I wrote is that scripting actually works against you, but some preparation can help you. So we have to find that fine line. Let me explain quickly why scripting is problematic. When you create a script, you create the right way to do it. And many of us want to do our communication right. We wanna be perfect or as perfect as we can be. And that gets in the way of us actually doing it well at all. Think of it this way.  It's not a perfect analogy, but when you're on your laptop or on your phone and you have lots of apps and windows open, it's not performing as well, right? You're really taxing it. The same is true when I'm speaking. If I have a script I'm constantly comparing to and judging and evaluating, it means I have less cognitive bandwidth to focus on what I'm actually saying. So in the book and in my classes, I have this saying I tell all my students and that is maximize mediocrity. And you should see their jaws drop. What, why should I be mediocre? But here's the truth in this. If we dial down that volume of that judging and evaluating that following of the script, we actually then free up resources to actually be better at our communication. So on the last part of the first class where I say maximize mediocrity, I come back to that and I say maximize mediocrity so you can achieve greatness. I just talked to somebody yesterday who gave me this great statement. And he said, so what you're talking about is clearing your cognitive cache. Yes, we just have to clear that out, be focused on connecting. It's about connection, not perfection. And that's what makes us feel more comfortable in that moment and breaks us away from that script. And I think therein lies one of the biggest issues that a lot of people recognize is if you're in an analytical job and that job puts food on the table or roof over your head and clothes on your back and you do well at that job, you're trained to be analytical and you're so your mindset is always problem solution oriented and looking for weak points. Well, that's what you're gonna see and that's how you're gonna vision interactions in order to connect. We have to be present. That cache needs to be cleared. We need to be having our empathy taking over and feeling those emotions that are in that moment because that's the part that connects us. If we're on our head and we're listening for problems so we can find solutions, we're not present. You're 100% correct. Connection happens in the present moment. We have to be there for the folks we're talking to. And we have to be audience centric. So it's not about us. It's really about what's going on for them. The word communication, its origin is to make common. And in order to make something common, you have to connect. You have to appreciate the other person's perspective. And you also imply in that, John, this notion of listening. It's, you know, as I do more of this on the podcast I host, Think Fast Talk Smart, we talk a lot about, it's all about communication. And the two things that have become clear across all our episodes is you have to focus on your audience and you have to listen. And if you can do both those things, you will improve your communication and your connection.


We have developed and optimised a time and cost-effective massive parallel sequencing workflow for diagnostic genetic testing of mismatch repegents. Cholorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world with over 1.2 million new cases each year. Most of these cases are non hereditary, while 20-25% have a familial predisposition or hereditary syndrome with a lifetime risk of up to 60-80% of developing cancer. A mutation in one of the mismatch repegents is the cause of Lynch syndrome, which is the most common hereditary cholorectal cancer syndrome. It is very important to identify individuals with increased genetic risk in order to include them in regular examinations. This is to remove early precursors of cancer, and of course to reduce the mortality in this patient group. Here at St. Olaf's University Hospital, we have performed diagnostic genetic testing of mismatch repegents for 10 years. Until now, we mainly relied on cancer sequencing to detect mutations. However, this method is both expensive and time-consuming. Also, the increasing demand for genetic testing, combined with the request for shorter sample turnaround times, required a more effective sequencing technology. Therefore, we developed an ampicon-based Massive Parallel Sequencing Method, and only minor changes to our original Sanger Sequencing Setup was necessary to make it compatible with the new Massive Parallel Sequencing Workflow. This method is now well established here at the hospital's medical genetics laboratory, and it enables us to offer genetic testing to more patients faster and cheaper without compromising sensitivity. Since 2005, we have seen a rapid development in DNA sequencing technology. We anticipate that Nanopore and third-generation sequencing technology will further accelerate genetic testing while maintaining low costs. We are excited to see what your future holds in the field of DNA sequencing technology. If you want to know more about this work, we invite you to read our manuscript in Molecular Genetic and Genomic Medicine. Thank you for your attention and happy reading!


Now the basic concepts that we deal with when setting up this philosophical framework are the axiomatic concepts of existence, identity and consciousness. Now our perception of reality as it exists is fundamentally dictated by these concepts. That existence exists and it has an identity and that you are conscious of its existence. The combination of the concepts leads to the following statement. Something exists of which I am conscious and I must discover its identity. Now some other philosophers, I don't know if any of you are aware of René Descartes. I'm sure you've probably all heard the phrase I think therefore I am. Bullshit, fundamentally wrong. The problem with it is that statement suggests that our act of being conscious of perceiving reality is what creates reality. That's fundamentally wrong. Consciousness is an attribute, it's an identity. We are an existent, we're man and we have consciousness as a characteristic. We exist independent of consciousness. Some people aren't conscious yet they still exist. We don't create consciousness through our perception of reality. And so these axioms are explicit in any state of awareness. The statement I am therefore I think is probably more appropriate. Now some people would argue that these concepts are arbitrary in themselves much like Descartes' statement that reality is created by our consciousness. But the problem here is anyone who tries to disprove these concepts has to by necessity invoke them to disprove them. You can't disprove existence from non-existence. You can't disprove consciousness from unconsciousness. It's a logical contradiction. So you can't logically argue against these axioms. They're self-evident in the respect that existence exists and we're conscious of it. So what is logic? Logic is non-contradictory identification. If you try and argue that consciousness doesn't exist you have to argue it from state of consciousness. You can't and that's a contradiction because you're invoking that you yourself don't exist or your consciousness doesn't exist. It just doesn't make sense anyway. Now I and Rand kind of use this statement or Aristotle originally used this statement that A is A or existence exists.  It may have a specific identity and that you may be able to find out by that is its characteristics. We are man, we exist, we have consciousness as an identity. So the primary conflict in any philosophical framework metaphysically is always whether we accept the original axiom that existence exists or whether we accept non-existence. It's existence versus non-existence and really there's only one choice that we can make. So fundamentally all philosophical frameworks have to be dictated by the fact that existence exists and we're conscious of it. So I and Rand summed it up in layman's terms. Nature to be commanded must be obeyed. Nice and simple. It doesn't matter what your wishes, whims, feelings are existence exists independent of those. You can't wish that something is going to fall from the sky or wish that you're going to be successful. You have to adhere to the principles of reality. You have to do things that you know and you can learn are going to make a difference and you know that are going to exert an effect based upon the fundamental nature of reality and your relationship to it. Just a quote from Atlas Shrugden, my favourite book. Existence exists and the act of grasping that statement implies two corollary axioms. That something exists which one perceives and that one exists possessing consciousness. Consciousness being the faculty of perceiving that which exists. And I think that sums it up very well. Well, hopefully summed up quite well anyway. We'll see. Right, moving on from metaphysics then and that fundamental conflict of existence versus non-existence we can move on to epistemology. First of all what is epistemology? Epistemology is quite literally the study of knowledge and it asks various questions such as what is knowledge? What you know, not what you believe or what you wish but what you actually know, what you know is true and prominent.


CrowdMark's administered assessment allows an instructor to create in-person paper exams, tests, or assignments that are handwritten by students and then scanned into CrowdBark for evaluation. This video will show you how to create an administered assessment and upload student booklets for grading. From your course page, click Create Assessment, select New Assessment, name your assessment, enroll students and faculty, and then Save. CrowdMark is fully scalable and can accommodate any number of students writing exams, whether it's a single student or a class of thousands. Select the Administered Assessment option. Set up your assessment template as a PDF file so that CrowdMark can place a QR code on every page. See our Help documentation to see how to set up a PDF exam for CrowdMark. Double-sided printing is recommended to avoid students placing work on pages without QR codes. Administered assessments on CrowdMark can have up to 200 multiple-choice questions which are answered on a bubble sheet. Choose whether to enable multiple-choice questions here. If you're using CrowdMark's automated matching feature, our system will use optical character recognition to match your student's booklets to their names and ID numbers in CrowdMark. This requires special formatting which you can view in our Help Center. Upload your template. Once it's uploaded, you'll be able to preview to make sure the formatting is correct. If there's a problem with your formatting, you can click Try Again. Once your formatting is confirmed, click Next. You'll need to define the location of each question in your template so CrowdMark can separate them for grading. You can set a questions label and maximum points, as well as indicate if the question is a bonus which means it won't count towards the assessment's total point value. Multiple-choice questions do not need to be defined as they will be answered on the bubble sheet and grade it automatically by CrowdMark. Click Save and Continue. Then click the Generate PDF button to create a unique booklet for each student with a QR code on each page. We recommend adding extra booklets as you won't be able to generate more later on. Download the PDF of booklets and save it locally to your computer for printing. If you're using bubble sheets for multiple-choice questions, you will need to select questions to fill out the multiple-choice answer key. This is what our system will use for auto-grading. Once students have written the assessment, the completed booklets will need to be scanned and uploaded as a PDF for grading. Click Upload Booklets and drag and drop or browse for your PDF file. CrowdMark will process the QR codes to ensure that each page goes to the correct location for grading. If the exam pages are out of order, you don't need to worry. These QR codes will keep them organized for you. If a QR code can't be read, you'll see an error message. If CrowdMark's OCR is unable to match a booklet, or if you're not using automated matching, click to match the booklets to the students manually. Search for student information, then click the checkbox to select a student to match. Once your booklets are uploaded and matched, you're ready to start grading. For more information, check out the CrowdMark Help Center or reach out to CrowdMark Support. We're always happy to hear from you. Thanks for watching!


Hi you guys, Lindsay here. Welcome back to my channel, Inside to Him. I can almost pretty much guarantee this is not what you were expecting when you clicked on this video, but I just got done doing a little self-love self-care treatment with my brand new makes this lovely hair wrap, my wristbands that prevent the water from dripping down your arms whenever you wash your face. I know, right? And a super cute, super cute turban style headband that keeps all your little wispies out of your face while you are masking and moisturizing and doing all the lovely things you need to do. So this is clearly my DIY gift idea number three for all of you guys. If you're keeping up week one, we did pom poms. Week two, we made this cute scarf. It's the pull through style scarf, keyhole style scarf, links in the description box for both of those videos. And today I'm going to be showing you how to make all three of these for a really cute like gift basket bath idea where you can make the wrap the headband and the wristbands, put it in a gift basket with like a face scrub and a candle and a bath bomb or something like that and have a super cute like well thought out, fully formed gift idea, which I think is super, super fun. So for these projects, all three of them, you need about 20 inches wide of 56 inch wide fabric. You really don't need a lot. Or if you only have 45 inch wide fabric, then you need like 25 inches and you'll be able to fit all the pieces in.  The largest piece is this. And it's kind of like a half of a heart with the top of the heart like filled in. And then the bottom of the heart is kind of like rounded. So that's what this piece ends up looking like. The rest of them are rectangles. I have all the dimensions in the description box. I also have a link to a cricket design space file. So if you have a maker with a rotary blade, you can just send this all off to your maker and it'll cut it for you and you don't have to do any rulering or anything like that at all. I am using a beautiful baby pink French terry. It's not even French terry. I think it's just truly terry cloth that I got from Joanne last year, maybe two years ago. I think it's one of those things that they kind of keep in stock regularly. So look out for that. Terry cloth is not super, super hard to find either. You can probably find it on fabric.com as well. But I also think like a waffle knit would be really, really great or any kind of luxurious bath kind of fabric. So keep your options open. I love the terry because it is absorbing and it's going to take on all the water especially for the wristbands because you know you're washing your face and the water is dripping down. It's collecting and catching it all, absorbing it all to prevent it from running down and getting on to your sleeves or down your elbows. I mean I've even had it run down my arm. It's so annoying. So I was thrilled that I came up with my little superpower just to keep everything nice and tidy and not annoying.  Let's just make it a little bit more enjoyable. Anyways so other than the fabric all you need is a little bit of elastic. I have two inch elastic, half inch elastic and quarter inch elastic and then one button. And I'll talk you through the links and all of that that you need as we get into the tutorials. So you really don't need much. I'm using a sewing machine and a serger. The serger is for this and nothing else. Oh my can't think of anything else. So let's just let me show you how to make them already okay. Take it away. Alright so I have all my pattern pieces cut out. Now I've already done a full length 20 plus minute step-by-step in-depth tutorial on how to make this headband. So I'm just going to go over the highlights of how to make it today. If you need more instructions check the description box. I will have a link for the like really detailed tutorial for this. But I guess let's jump right in. Okay so we're going to start with the head wrap first. I have grabbed my favorite little just box of buttons and found one that I thought you know kind of matched. It doesn't obviously really matter but like I just didn't want it to be too too big and I didn't want the color to be like too wild. So I just found a cute little gray one and then you'll also need some quarter inch or even eighth of an inch elastic. That is what is going to tie around our little button here. So grab those two notions and then let's get sewing. So the first step is going to be to sew around this entire outer edge. For all the projects today my seam allowance is going to be a quarter of an inch so just keep that in mind. So I am just going to run this through my serger and call it a day. Really super simple. Okay that seam is completely sewn as you can see here. Now we are going to handle this long raw edge here. So the first step is going to be to serge it just to finish off those raw edges. You could also do a zigzag stitch and then we are going to need to sew in our elastic as we are essentially hemming this edge. So we're going to have it serged just imagine that and then we're going to fold over the raw serged or I guess the serged edge all the way around and when we get to the small pointy end that is where our elastic goes and you really don't need much elastic just a little loop that will fit over your button. So if you want to measure your button and then trim off a little bit leave a little for like a seam allowance type of deal and then this is what you are going to place inside the seam like so. So it's going to face into the inside of the head wrap. You've done that you have a perfectly hemmed little head wrap and you've got your elastic tied in or sewn in to the small end. The next and final step is to take your button and to place it on the right side of the large opening and you're just going to center it right smack dab in the over that center seam and not too close to the edge but you know just outside of your hemming would be plenty good and then when you wrap your hair around your head this gets looped over the button and that's what holds it around your head.  Here is our little turban placed onto a head and you can see how it operates with the elastic just holding everything twisted up holding it into place and it's a super cute lightweight um way to kind of towel dry your hair before you blow dry it and for those of us with tons and tons of hair we know how invaluable that can be and saves us a ton of time. All right so next up we're going to work on our wristband isn't she so cute. So I have my rectangle of fabric here and I've got a little bit of elastic. The elastic is pretty much the widest part of my hand so right where your thumb and all of that is um with a little bit of overlap for some seam allowance just to make it nice and easy to get on. It doesn't necessarily have to fit super snug down at the base of your wrist because we're just trying to prevent the water from dripping down your arm. I think you know midway up the up the forearm would be fine and that way you don't have to worry about sizing too much you don't have to go to whoever you're making this for and get out of measuring tape and start measuring all these random places on their wrist. So I think it's a little bit forgiving where you can place it but it's super super simple to sew. There's only a little bit of hand sewing and actually I even just kind of like uh top like I top stitched it I'll show you when we get to the end there and it doesn't look terrible. I mean depending on who you're giving this to you could get away with this and they would still think it was super cute. They may not even ever turn it um inside out but I am going to fold this the long side right sides together and then I'm going to place some uh little snips a couple of inches in from each of the raw edges and the first step is going to be to sew in between those two notches again with the quarter inch seam allowance. All right so once you have that sewn it looks something like this now you are going to turn this tube right sides out so I like to keep this seam that we just sewed on the center of the wrong side so that whenever you're done with it it looks like that and so then you take this whole thing with the pretty side facing up and you turn these two little short ends in toward each other so you're going to sew the short end right sides together um all along this edge here it's a little bit finicky but it can be done okay and once you're done with that this is what you have and when you pop this right sides together or pop it out where that seam goes into the middle you can tell that now you have a tube uh with just this little opening here and that is where we are going to thread in our elastic so you just kind of wiggle it in there this uh really wide elastic is pretty easy to push through without like a elastic threader or a safety pin I like to lap them on top of each other like so to make for a less bulky seam okay now you're just going to pull this out like with any elastic band and you're going to sew you know the x shape I think I might since it's such a small seam allowance I think I'm going to just zigzag all the way down um but whatever you have to do to attach the ends of the elastic to each other all right and once you've got the elastic uh sewn together then you can close up your little opening here so you can do it uh hand stitching to make it really pretty and nice and neat or you can kind of just smush these together I'm using a fabric with a lot of like nap and loops and stuff so it kind of sort of gets hidden so I'm and let's be real this is just for me I'm not actually giving these away um so I'm just going to sew mine together like this on the edge all right and when you do that ends up looking something like this and like I said it kind of just blends into itself right and you certainly can't see it from the right side so once you have that you are done and you've got your little wrist bands that are going to prevent water from dripping down your arms and like I said I have already done a full link tutorial for this so if you need more instructions than what I'm about to provide by all means go check that out okay so this headband is one of those that looks incredibly difficult but it's actually super super simple so uh like I said I have all of the dimensions for everything uh in the description box and there's also a cricket design file if you want to um just use your cricket maker to cut out these pieces for you um but the very first step is you have two little slits here that are made seven and a half inches from each raw edge and there's two inches in between each of them so the first step is to fold this lengthwise fold both of them length wise and to sew between those little two notches the sew the two inches together and then you can also sew this piece the entire length of the long side of the rectangle again quarter inch seam allowances on everything okay next up you're going to turn all three pieces right sides out so you're just turning through that little two inch section on the big rectangles and then the smaller one you have to use a uh fabric to turn her doodaddy to um to get that turned right side out so you end up with something like this and again I'm going to place the long seam on this little strip on one side so that um that can be hidden in the wrong side of our project but move these two to the side you don't need them for a minute and the next step is to take our one of our larger rectangles and to turn it this way and then you're going to sew the long side um in between so from your notch to your raw edge if I am showing you here basically you're taking this edge and sewing it to this edge like so copiesh okay so I've went ahead and sewed those edges together both sides and now we turn this thing uh right sides out and you end up with half of your little guy so then you take your other piece and you feed it through so that the little two inch section that you sew together and the first step is like centered around this little loop that you made and then you take and put it right sides together again and as closely as you can you stitch from the notch to the raw edge only on one side okay so once you've done that you've got a full loop here and a half a loop here now you are going to take this entire like skirt looking thing fold it back over the original loop that you made and then you're going to sew this uh seam together this way so that it's sandwiched so that the original loop is sandwiched inside this next little tube that you're making okay so once you've done that this is what you have so whenever you pull it through now you have a completely looped little tied up thing of a jig cool all right so then the next step is to take your short rectangle we are going to take our elastic and we are going to thread it this isn't the right elastic we are going to thread it through this guy here and this is actually a really great example of when the clover elastic threader works brilliantly okay so once it's even with one edge go to your machine and baste that then pull the rest of the elastic out till it's even with the other edge and baste the other side as well okay so now you have this little worm of a of a rectangle and you are going to take this is the wrong side of your headband and this is the right side so all of these edges over here get laid out flat you're going to take it right sides together because you have a seam on the wrong side so you know which side is the wrong side and you are going to place it along the center and then this edge gets fold over one side and this edge gets folded over the other side and you have this massive bulk of a seam that you need to sew so just take your time and stitch back and forth over this to secure all of these layers together okay and once you've got that and you pull your elastic out you'll see that it ends up encasing everything nice and beautifully on the wrong side like so this is what you have now so now we're going to take the right side of this and do the same thing to the other side folding it over each end like so and then sewing this massive bulky seam through your machine nice and easy it can be done all right and now you've got something that looks like this so you're going pull on your elastic and voila so cute I love it in the terry and now you've got this beautifully sewn headbands with with no raw edges that looks really super super professional super simple right I think each I think making all three of those while filming took me less than an hour probably 45 minutes and seeing as you don't need a ton of fabric you could probably even use a scrap if you've got something like that go to Goodwill grab an old robe something along those lines and you can make this for super super super cheap and it'll be a really cute great memorable little gift set for someone in your life um so I've got two more gift ideas coming at you again they're coming every single Saturday so be sure to subscribe if you're not already turn on the notification bell so that you get reminded whenever I post a new video and check back here every Saturday for gift ideas but throughout the week because I am just a video posting monster I can't help myself I've got a lot of really cute stuff for you guys coming this upcoming week so yeah come on back we'll see you again thanks for watching bye


This episode of HCC 788 brought to you in part by the Dicast Enterprise. Join us each week as we discuss the sexual proclivities of Commander William T. Riker. The bravado comedy of Lieutenant War. And the adorable monkey shines if one Wesley the sweater crusher. Or maybe we'll just talk about the golden girls. Or hairstyles. Or cartoons. That's equally likely. We also like G.I. Joe. There, we tied that in nicely. Well done everyone on that. By all our play sets and toys. Commander 788 here, back for so great talk here to love G.I. Joe. Horizon! March, March! Wait a minute! Ready! Ready! Ready! Silence killed. Hello everybody, hooded Cobra Commander 788 here and I am in my closet. I am in total darkness. I've been in here for 24 hours. At least I think it's been 24 hours. It's hard to judge the passage of time when you can't see anything. I'm in the closet because this week I am reviewing the Night Viper and I wanted to get some real Night Viper training as it is depicted on the file card. The Night Viper's have a pretty hardcore training regimen so I am avoiding all light to see how long I can take it. Before we get started I wanted to thank my daughter Victoria for drawing a couple of the thumbnail illustrations for my videos. Those are the title card images that pop up when the video shows up on YouTube. Thank you Victoria. I'm really excited about reviewing this figure. It is not one that I had as a kid. I was out of G.I. Joe by the time. But as an adult collector I really like it. So let's take a look at it. HCC 788 presents the Night Viper. This is the Night Viper Cobra's Night Fighter from 1989. This figure was first available in 1989 and was also available in 1990. The figure was discontinued for the year 1991. This is the only version of the Night Viper in the vintage line. There was no replacement for the Night Viper in 1991. However in 1990 we did get the Night Creeper. But the Night Creeper was a ninja. He was not a Night Fighter in the same vein as the Night Viper. The torso, waist and legs of the Night Viper were reused for the 1992 Helly Viper. And I cannot applaud the reuse of parts in this case. The Helly Viper is probably in my top 10 list of ugliest action figures ever made. Night Viper was released the same year as G.I. Joe's Night Force, the Toys R Us Exclusive Subteam. Night Force used existing figures and recolored them for night fighting. So Night Viper's are the perfect enemy for Night Force. Let's take a look at the Night Viper's accessories starting with his Night Vision goggles. And the goggles consist of two parts. There is the visor which is attached to his head and is hinged. So you can flip it up to see his mask underneath. Very nicely done. You can remove the visor very carefully. Just be very cautious about that. It could snap. But you take that off and then there is another part to it. This removable Night Vision scope which pops right on there. This Night Vision scope has a clip on it. But it doesn't really seem to have anything to clip to. That's just an extra bit there. I think it would have been nice to have something to clip it to. But really nice two part Night Vision visor. This Night Vision goggle assembly may be based on the real world AVPVS-7 single tube Night Vision goggles. Those were in service in 1985. So they would have been around in 1989 when the Night Viper was issued. Now let's take a look at the Night Viper's weapon. And his weapon is what the card contents call a gun with night scope. And that's not very descriptive. This rifle does have a scope on it and a very straight stock and no grip. I've not been able to identify a real world weapon that this is based on. It has a strap so you could sling it over Night Viper's shoulder. But it has another way to store the weapon on the action figure. These two holes in the side connect to these pegs on the leg of the figure. And so you can sort of holster it that way and it actually attaches to the action figure. The Night Viper was not the only figure in 1989 that had a rifle that attached to the leg like this. The 1989 Rock and Roll version 2 also had a rifle that attached to his leg in exactly the same way with a couple pegs. This method of attaching the accessory to the figure is a little problematic. Those pegs are very thin and very easily broken off. You have to be very cautious with those. However, they were trying to add a new feature and a new way to holster the accessories. And so I can appreciate that. You can fit the rifle in the Night Viper's hand despite the fact that there is no good obvious grip on it. However, since that stock is so straight, it limits the ways you can pose the figure with it. Night Viper's final accessory is his backpack. And this is a pretty good backpack. Lots of nice detail. Excellent detail on this backpack. It has some technology there. It has a couple antennae so it looks like it's intended for communications. Really nice and fitting backpack for the Night Viper. Now let's look at the articulation for the Night Viper. He had the standard articulation for figures by 1989. So he could turn his head from left to right and look up and down. He could swing his arm up at the shoulder and swivel at the shoulder all the way around. He had a hinge at the elbow so he could bend at the elbow about 90 degrees. He had a swivel at the biceps so he could swivel his arm all the way around. The figure was held together with a rubber O-ring that looped around the inside. That allowed him to move at the torso a bit. He could move his legs apart about so far. He could bend his leg at the hip about 90 degrees and bend at the knee about 90 degrees. Let's take a look at the sculpt design and color of the Night Viper starting with the helmet. And the helmet is non-removable, which is standard for Cobra. We don't expect Cobra to have removable helmets. But this is a wicked cool helmet and mask. We have green in the back here. The rest of the helmet is black. You can see his eyes there. The Night Vision goggle would come down to cover his eyes. And just really, really nicely done. You have the knobs there that the visor attaches to. You have to be careful with those. Those can crack off. Looking at Night Viper's chest, he has a green uniform and this is a nice color for his job. This would still be pretty well concealed in the dark. He has a black strap with a black knife on it. Really nicely detailed. Some shoulder pads. The detail goes around to the back. And then on the front, he has this light green Cobra symbol. And this almost looks like it would be glow-in-the-dark paint, but it is not. I checked. His arms continue that dark green uniform. And on his right arm, he has what looks like shells for his shotgun. He has elbow pads, which are very nicely sculpted. He has black gloves with some additional detail on them. And then on his left shoulder, he has a patch.  And this is probably the unit insignia for the Night Viper's. And it's a pretty good one. That's pretty awesome. On his waist piece, he has a black belt. It goes all the way around. Then he has a bronze-colored belt buckle. And that's just a little splash of color. It doesn't hurt. Then going down his legs on the inside of his thighs, he has that green uniform color. And on the outside of his legs, he has black, ridged armor or padding. On his right leg, he has the holster for his rifle. Those two very thin pegs that will break off easily, so be cautious with those. Then on his left leg, he has what looks like gas canisters that connect to a hinge at his knee. Almost looks kind of robot-like. Then on his left shin, he has an extra green knife. And then, of course, he has green and black boots. I want to make a special note about the coloring on this figure. The green that they chose for the Night Viper is just beautiful. It is deep and rich and the perfect color to offset the black details. Now, if you'll excuse me, I have something important to take care of.  And he is my friend. But I've lost him. I don't know where he went.  How does he know the mouse is white when he can't see anything? I know because he told me. Duh! Mortimer! Mortimer! Where are you? Where are you, buddy? Let's take a look at the Night Viper's file card. And the file card has his faction as Cobra. It has a portrait of the Night Viper here. And that portrait does not quite capture the awesomeness of the figure. But it's okay, I guess. It has his codename as Night Viper and he is the Cobra Night Fighter. This top paragraph says, A Night Viper's helmet is a miracle of electronic miniaturization. Aside from its wide-angle, third-generation image intensifier, directional sound amplifier, and laser-range finder, the helmet boasts a passive infrared detector that can spot the body heat of a squirrel at 100 yards. The Night Viper's helmet combat suit and weapons are mostly made of synthetic composites that reduce the wearer's own infrared signature and defy most ground radars. This first paragraph is entirely about the Night Viper's equipment. It doesn't tell you anything about the Night Viper itself. This second paragraph says, Night Viper's are always in training and never see daylight. They live in windowless barracks with no interior lights. They spend most of their time trying to sneak up on each other.  The problem is, you have to find him first. This second paragraph of the file card about the Night Viper's training is pretty cool, but the problem with it is it wouldn't really work. The Night Viper's are in total darkness all of the time and being in darkness for an extended period of time has some pretty severe psychological effects. Effects such as hallucinating and totally losing track of time, sleeping for 12 or 13 hours when you think you just took like a 15 minute nap. The Night Viper's training would not turn them into elite soldiers. It would slowly drive them all insane.  The Night Viper had limited G.I. Joe media appearances. In the cartoon, he appeared in the Deke animated series, in the Operation Dragonfire mini series. Unfortunately, he came along too late to appear in the Better Quality Sunbow animated series. In the G.I. Joe comic book series, the Night Viper first appeared in issue number 94 in the Snake Eyes trilogy. Snake Eyes gets plastic surgery to repair his damaged face. The Baroness attacks on a vendetta against Snake Eyes. She is assisted by Night Vipers and Alley Vipers. While I have them together, let's do an impromptu comparison between the Night Viper and the Alley Viper. These figures were released the same year, and in their overall design, they are not all that dissimilar. However, in their color schemes, they could not be more different. Looking at the Night Viper overall, this is a talk-tier figure. Of course, he looks awesome. Even though the Night Viper is kind of a latecomer in the 80s, he could be among the all-time great Cobra Troop builders. He has a really great geared-up look with the helmet attachments and the rifle and the backpack. A squad of Night Vipers could sweep into a Joe encampment, and no one would know until it's too late. It's too bad the Night Viper came out after the end of the Sunbow animated series. It would have been nice to see how Sunbow would have animated these guys. They should have been used in the comic book more, too. I guess I have to do the end part myself. Please like this video and subscribe on YouTube. Like the Facebook page and follow us on Twitter. Support this channel on Patreon.  You could save this man's life. Visit HCC788.com. Thanks for watching.  See you next week. Night will fall soon.


Half a day, I'm Corporal Phyllis out of Utah, representing the 97th Chute Command and the 144 competing here in Guam for the best warrior competition. So the ACFT is a super complex physical fitness test that's measuring so much stuff, your strength, your power, your endurance. Start to finish, the obstacle course was a great test of coordination, agility, strength. You have to run up and down the weaver, you're jumping over things, climbing up ropes, lifting yourself over obstacles, your forearms are tired. Then after that, you're climbing up a huge cargo net. Your body's not doing what your mind is telling it to do, but you just gotta keep pushing.   So the game plan for the shooting range was to try and stay as calm as possible because it is a stress test and so the goal is to try and do your best, shooting and moving while being extremely fatigued. And now you have to focus your breathing, your mind in order to make accurate, precise shots. And from there, you're doing exercises and obstacles in between shooting, so extremely difficult. Land nav was an awesome course. The biggest obstacle I think is, you know, not only was it dark in the beginning, but there's jungle, there's thick forestry, there's spiders the size of your hands in there. You really have to accurately plot your point or your terrain association and know how to read and understand maps. And once you have your points, you need to find the best route possible in order to get to your points. So the fatigue was real, still tired from the day before, sore. It's hot, it's humid, it was raining during our land nav at some points. The test in total was four hours long and a lot of people were out there for almost the entire four hours just trying to get their points. So extremely challenging course, but a lot of fun as well. And from there, we did medical lanes where you're reacting to contact and dragging a casualty that weighs 150 pounds and then treating it properly. The events were extremely well-rounded and tested foundational knowledge that every soldier should know. Enter. For months, we've been taking five to 10 minutes a day and just focusing on our breath work, breathing, clearing our mind. All that has come into play during every event of this competition, especially before the boards. It's so important to understand your breath in that moment and stay calm, taking deep breaths and remaining focused on the questions and your answers. Looking forward for this event, right? So give it your best shot. Thank you for giving us the best of your training and we're gonna see it all unfold today. Not a sprint, it's a marathon. This is a four-day competition that's going to test every aspect of being a soldier and it's gonna test you. It is the best warrior competition for a reason. It truly is the best of the best. Seeing all the people from the region, their best competitors come and it breeds excellence. This environment is something that will push you regardless of your level. Here are Sergeant Lino, Ron Hawaii, and Corporal Fiddler. Don't miss it.


This study evaluated the effectiveness of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring autographed in patients aged 17 years and above with ACL injuries. The results showed that the overall mean Licholm knee score improved significantly after surgery, with a mean improvement of 34 points at 12 months post surgery. Additionally, the mean Tegner activity scale score also increased significantly by 19 points at 12 months post surgery. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the incidence of associated lateral or medial meniscal tears. Overall, this study suggests that arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring autographed is effective in improving both functional and clinical outcomes in patients with ACL injuries. This article was authored by Said Ahmed Sheikh, Naveed Ahmed, Salman Adil, and others.