You can now follow me and all my social media platforms to find out who my latest guest will be. And don't forget to click the subscribe button and the notifications button so you're notified for when my next podcast goes live. You know, they've done studies where they found guys that are in long-term relationships, their testosterone levels drop. Why? Because they're complacent. They're comfortable. They're with their girl.  But that's one of the worst things you can do. They live with their girl and they think it's going to make the relationship stronger.  And studies show that women get bored in relationships way faster than men do. So how are you going to keep her excited?  And I've realized that girls really and truly, this is from the bottom of my heart I've understood, they want to be lied to. Not because they enjoy it, but because they want to live in delusion. They're in their own worlds. You tell them what they want to hear, and they may know if, you know what, damn, he's lying to me, but like, it's what I want to hear. I'll ignore the other side because I don't want to see it. So they're in the bubble. You get in that bubble? They'll play in it. You know, dogging out men is completely socially acceptable. City girls we are. Yeah, city girls, blah, blah, blah. You know, and if a guy wants to do this, it's manipulation and evil, but girls have been doing this for decades, right? People get mad at me for saying this, but women want a guy that's taller than them, shorter than them, going to protect them, provision for them, all this stuff. They want all these traditional traits. But if I say, make me a sandwich. Make yourself, motherfucker. So women want all the benefits of a gentleman without necessarily being a traditional woman on her end and being a lady to that gentleman. Why do you think you're so high on men? Well, to be honest with you, bro, keep at 1,000 with you. Most men are irrelevant to the current society, which means, for example, they're invisible.   That's what happens when you don't put your foot down early in a relationship. When we're on, to this guest, we'll get the fresh and fit guys on. How are you, bro? What's up, man? Thank you for having us, bro. Yeah, man, all the way from the States. First time.  Oh, brother, what just happened was crazy. You want to talk about it? Man, you could talk about it because I'll probably be a little bit more. All right, so we just got off the Uber, right? We're watching English podcasts. We're lit. We're walking down here. And this guy's like, fresh and fit. You're from America, hey? We're like, yeah, we're from America. He's like, what are you doing over here? What are you doing over here? We're like, you know, we're just doing some business.  No, no. What are you doing over here? We're like, relax, bro. We don't know you. Leave us alone. He comes back again.  Stop playing with him. If you don't stop playing, I'm gonna knock you out. And he was on playing. Yeah, I mean, sometimes you got to meet force with force. The thing is, is that he wanted to test us, see what would happen. He has his phone like, look at these guys. So then when he said that should I just, I don't know, I just like snapped. I just took my hood off.  I'm knock you out right now. What are you going to do?  And then he like got on his bike and rode away. Then he came back again. And I was like, oh, what do you want to do? You want to do something?  And he just rode back again. He brought his phone and then he like rode back. I don't know if he was trying to get a reaction or whatever, but it's like, dude, he followed us for like a block talking smack. And it's like at this point, like this is blatant harassment. If this was Florida, I'd put a gun to your face. You know what I mean? What are you doing? Stay on your ground. But obviously we're here in the UK. It's different over here. It's weird. It's weird.  We didn't say none when we ignored them. You just kept following us, kept following us, kept following us. And that's when I just, okay. Enough's enough. I took my hoodie off.  I'll knock you out right now. What do you want to do? We're supposed to be on Patreon. Yeah. What is your Patreon for people watching? Patreon.com slash Fresh Fit. So yeah. You guys want to see me chase after some idiot? Yeah. Go ahead and check it out over there. I'm still pissed off about that thing, but we're going to have a good interview. So first time in the UK, very eventful. Probably streets in America are safer just now, which is there. Yeah. Hard to believe. You know, because like in a state like Florida, right? You got stay on your ground, which is like, if someone comes into your personal space and tries you, well, you don't have a duty to retreat. You can like go ahead and defend yourself and your space.  And if he kept going, I'd just pull a gun on him. Like what do you want to do?  And you can do that in Florida. But, you know, and that's the beauty of the Second Amendment in the United States. But here in the UK, you guys have a lot more restrictive laws. So, you know, you got to duke it out with fists. But hey, man, it's okay. You know, these hands are rated E for everybody. Well, in the UK, they do a cheffing instead. Yeah, they call it a cheffing instead. But yeah, but that dude, I think he was just doing it to get a rise out of us or whatever. You know, so it is what it is. But at some point you got to be able to like defend yourself.   What's wrong with you? But he'll save, guys. Yeah, we're here now. Let's get into the net. First of all, tell the audience about yourself. Okay. So I'm fresh. He's fit, of course. We have a podcast in Miami called Fresh and Fit. We do dating, how to make money, how to invest your money, credit scores, how to become a better man. And at the same time, how to deal with women in the Western world. Because, you know, nowadays it's just tough.  So it's like, that's how to do it, how to maneuver in this world and how to make money as well. Yeah. What about yourself? Yeah, same thing. I mean, that's basically what we do is teach guys how to become better because we live in a world now where, I mean, we, you know, so we have two different types of shows. We have the daytime show where we talk about making money, money Mondays, womanizer Wednesdays, and then fitness slash call in slow Fridays where we answer questions and help guys with whatever they may have with any of those three things. Getting in shape money or girls.  But one thing we've realized because we've interviewed now almost, I think we're like 1580 something girls that we've interviewed different women from different walks of life. Some girls from the UK, girls from Australia, girls from first world English speaking countries, girls from South America, girls from everywhere. France. Global countries, everything. And what we come to realize is that there's a general body of behavior that a lot of modern day women have adopted. And quite frankly, even average women don't want average men. So guys have to become the best version of themselves to be able to get and be the most attractive to the most amount of girls. Yeah. How did you get into that? Well, it's very interesting. So how we got into it was I actually worked in law enforcement before this. I was a special agent with Homeland Security Investigations, which, you know, for the UK audience to make it simple, think of it as like an FBI agent, right? So doing your investigating federal crimes, it would be the equivalent to maybe like a Scotland yard, I guess, for you guys here at UK. So I was doing that and I had a YouTube channel at the time. And I was also had a fitness business. So as I started the YouTube channel, I was giving out fitness content. But then people wanted more content like, you know, how to be attractive to get girls. Because to be honest, most guys get in the gym to learn how to get girls, right? So I was doing that type of content. And then I had another YouTuber that I know his name is SolarTV84. Shout out to him. He said, hey, I know this guy that's in Miami as well. His name is FreshPrincio. He should link up with him. So I linked up with Fresh. We had a phone call on Instagram. We spoke for like an hour or whatever. Went out to go eat, got to know each other. Like, yo, we're very similar in the way we womanize. So from there, we was like, hey, we should, you know, do a podcast. We did it through StreamYard for a bit. And people really liked it. So like, you know, let's take it to the next level. And we got a studio and, you know, the rest is history. Yeah. Very controversial topics. Yeah. We call it a cancel culture here. Yeah. You need to be careful what you speak about.  Or people, for me, everybody has an opinion. Everybody sees the world differently. Yeah. Including you. We've all had what heart broke. We can play the big man card and womanize and go to the gym. Deep down, we're always craving something. And that's the society.  There's no blueprint and manual how we should actually be living life. Nobody actually has the answers. We may think we have the answers, but that's just from that certain individual who believes they have the answers. Like, what's your own relationship status just now? Both of you's? Single. Womanizing. So for us, well, we have girls that we deal with and everything like that. But I always look at it as a man. Every guy's true carnal want is to be able to have one, two main girls and then have other women. But the problem is that most guys don't have the sexual market value or attractiveness to be able to dictate that. Most guys have to be monogamous not because they want to be, but because they have to be because they don't have the value to command loyalty from their woman while simultaneously going and being able to deal with other girls. So we tell guys become the best version of yourself so that you can actually do what you want to do and the girl has no choice but to deal with it. And I know, oh my God, that's misogynistic, but that's what women want. Women want guys that can get other girls and still choose them as the main girl. And any guy you put them by himself, hey bro, if you can have a main girl and have a couple of side chicks, would you do it? They're always going to say, yeah. The only difference is that some guys can't do it while others can. What do you think the perfect relationship would be for a man? Do you think there's such thing exists? I think a main chick, or maybe two main chicks or three main chicks, whatever it may be, right girls that you actually, you love them, you care about them, you take care of them, and then you can have some girls on the side for recreational use only. I think that's what every guy wants but very few men can actually pull off. Yeah, I think each person knows what's good for them. However, as a guy, let's bro here. You want to have multiple girls because you have one girl, it's cool and all, but we all want new girls. It's like, well, you've got your main girl and a mistress, or one or two, you're good to go. Well, actually it works out because if you really think about it, when you are dealing with multiple girls, what that does is it keeps you sharp, right? You got your fashion on point, you're in the gym, you got your money on point, et cetera, because you're not necessarily committing to just one girl. For you to stay attractive, you have to stay sharp. As you stay sharp and the girls that you're dealing with see you getting other girls, it makes you more attractive. The boredom never ensues. The biggest thing I've always said is that the worst thing you could do to a girl is bore her. When you're too monogamous and you're predictable, you're relaxed, you start to get lazy, they've done studies where they found guys that are in long-term relationships, their testosterone levels drop. Why? Because they're complacent, they're comfortable, they're with their girl.  They live with their girl and they think it's going to make their relationships stronger.     And I've always said it, women behave the best when they're not comfortable. The worst thing you could do is make a woman comfortable. Women don't know how to operate when they're in a comfortable position with a man because women need spontaneity, they need adventure, they need emotional stimulation. And for all the people, oh my God, that's so sexist. It's the truth. Women are way different than men and study show that women get bored in relationships way faster than men do. So how are you going to keep her excited?  So she wins because she's not sure where she stands because it keeps her emotionally invested and then you win because you get what you want. The problem is that most guys, number one, don't have the balls to do this. Number two, don't have the value to do this. And number three, don't even know that you can do this. A lot of guys think I got to be monogamous to get a girl and keep a girl. No, you don't. You absolutely don't. But mainstream culture is never going to tell you this because it's politically incorrect for a guy to exercise sexual options. Like in the West in general, and I don't want to go on too much of a brain here, but we pay way too much attention to the female sexual strategy, which is give her security, give her a title, marry her, et cetera.  What men typically want is peace, sex, and they want a variety from women. But we don't care about that. We're like, oh, no, we got to get what the girl wants. We got to give her a relationship. We got to give her a wedding. She's got to walk down an aisle. She's got to be praised. She's the princess, blah, blah, blah.     The difference is, number one, you got to know you can do it. Number two, you got to have the value to do it.  What do you look for in a relationship? Honestly speaking, for most guys, they want to have a girl that's not a hoe. One, loyalty means that she won't cheat. How do we know they're not though? Because girls are very good at lying also. Yeah. So here's the thing, right? It's just good of losing you. Let's say for example, right? You have a girl and she's looking kind of like, you know what? This guy's the best option I can have. He's very successful, good looking, confident in all areas and he's a leader. You know what? Cool. With this guy, I don't want to mess it up. So if I cheat on him and that's the standards, he's going to leave me. So with that dynamically right there, she probably won't do it. Now, will she still do it? It's a possibility, but we're just saying highly likelihood is hard for doing will be very low. So we're saying if you can, for a guy, ultimately you'd be having a girl that's loyal and that won't cheat. And secondly, feminine, because nowadays in the Western world, women are more like masculine and they're like, I'm independent. I'm a boss, babe. I don't need men. It's kind of like, it's like a turn off. And then thirdly is that they add value to your life. So for example, let's say you have a girl, right? And you have a business. You're lacking in certain areas. If she can see those areas that you're lacking in, so you know what? My man needs me in these areas. Helps you. Guess what? She's adding value. And now she's irreplaceable because now she's adding value to you and you want to keep her around. So we're just saying look, if she's feminine, she's not a whole, she adds value to your life. That's the perfect scenario because most guys want to have that piece of mind of comfort knowing that she won't cheat. And secondly, she added value to their lives. So it's pretty much like that. What's your longest relationship? Right now? I would say like one year. Yourself? I mean, while having like other girls? Or one. Longest you've been with? One. One? Oh, no. No, I don't do that.  So you've always been that mindset.  I would always have PCZ. But as I've got older, I think I've matured a lot.  I don't know if my tester on is dropped because I'm 38 now. So here's my thing. Yeah. I have no problem with guys that want to be monogamous, but my biggest thing is I want them to decide to be monogamous. I want the guy to decide it, not the girl. A lot of the times, the guy is doing what the girl wants to maintain the relationship. If a guy wants to be monogamous and he chooses to be so, I'm cool with that. But if the girl tries to bully him like, you got to commit to me. You got to give me a relationship. Blah, blah, blah. She starts bullying the guy. That's when I have issues because now she controls the relationship. She's in the leadership role. She control on the frame. And I've always said it. When a woman leads, she's going to lead all right, but she's going to lead you to the end of that relationship. So as long as a man is in the leadership role and he's choosing to be monogamous, then I'm cool with it. But most guys, let's be honest, they don't have the choice. They're being monogamous out of force to keep the sex coming or to continue the relationship or whatever may be from their girl, which what they don't realize is you actually lose attraction from doing that. So I totally get what you're saying, though, like, you know, dealing with multiple girls, whatever. Yeah, I'm losing hair follicles because of it. You know what I mean?  But that's kind of what comes with it. But you know, it comes down to each man's personal talents. But as long as the guy chooses it, I think it's the best thing. But me personally, I think monogamy, like, I think monogamy sucks. I wouldn't want it. Why do you think so many people are cheating on each other now? So it's two things. Well, we know now, like, we actually did an episode on this, like, what, two, three weeks ago? Women actually cheat more than men nowadays. Yeah. And the thing is, too, is, what's happened is, so we got to go back. So before social media, for a woman to get attention and validation from men, she actually had to, you know, get dressed, go outside, and have personal interactions face-to-face. Yeah. Nowadays, thanks to Instagram, social media, Snapchat, dating apps, et cetera, what's happened is women are able to get what they want, which is what? Attention and male validation on the internet, and what it's done is, it's essentially made them feel that there are certain caliber and status or of a certain sexual market value slash attractiveness that they aren't necessarily really at. Right? So they have a higher perceived sense of self-worth. And what's happened is, if you got a girl, right, that's like, let's say, a five or a six, right? And she lives in Iowa, Idaho, one of these rural areas. Well, she would have been limited to the people that were in her immediate geographic area today and or to deal with. But thanks to the internet, social media, et cetera, now she's getting attention and validation from men in California, men in Florida, men in New York, men in big major cities.   And what's happened is it's globalized, just like we've globalized when it comes to trade and commerce. We've also globalized when it comes to dating. And if you leave women to their own devices from a biological sense, the first thing they do is want to be with the best men, right? Dating apps reflect this. Women only swipe right on about 15% of men. One in three men right now are a virgin or haven't had sex in a year. So guys are starting to feel it from it being more competitive. Now, that's why I sell guys.  He's taking everybody's girl. So since we live in a more competitive marketplace, the girls always do better if they can do better. And now that they have access to these men, that's what's going on. Actually, there was a study that was done where they found that the most attractive men, like in the top 1% in looks, were barely getting as many messages as girls that are average. So what does that tell you? Well, it tells you that even average women are getting more options and more scenarios put in their way from a dating perspective than the most attractive men. So it's extremely competitive for guys, which is why so many guys are struggling. I spoke with a girl yesterday. She says, one fault of men are virgins. Yeah, one third. Yeah. Well, one third. Yeah, virgins or haven't had sex in a year. Which is crazy. If you were to take that and ask between 18 and 30. Why do people then think it's so easy then? Because, okay, so that's a fantastic question.  They're all getting laid, blah, blah, blah. But what they don't understand is that women have a very bad habit, what I've realized in general, not all, but in general, especially when we bring them on the podcast, everything I ask them or everything we talk about, they put it back on themselves. They don't understand that what they experience doesn't necessarily reflect reality. They're very narcissistic and solipsistic and what that means is they think the world revolves around them in general. Most of these girls, especially the most attractive ones, there tends to be a very strong correlation between being attractive and then thinking the world revolves around you. So if I make a general comment like, well, not all guys are like that, actually a majority of men struggle or a sizable amount of men struggle dating with women, they can't see that because you're like, well, every guy I'm around is an athlete, six foot five and has no problem getting girls. Fantastic. But you're dealing with the top 1% of men.  And they literally sit there and try to fight with me. That's not my experience. That's not my experience. Yeah. But it doesn't matter what your experience is. The reality is this, what you personally experience is something different, but they can't differentiate the two that your personal experience does not necessarily reflect reality. They have the apex policy thinking, well, I talk to these guys. So all men are like this and it's no, that's not how it is. Yeah. And most guys are invisible. So for example, you said really, why do women cheat? That's brilliant, right? Most guys also don't measure up. Girls have a guy that's for food, for maybe paying rent, for sex. They'll put guys in categories. So this guy has a place in her life because she hasn't met the guy that has all these qualities that wants her as a girlfriend. So for the most part, like, you know what? I'll be with Tom because he gives me security. He pays the rent. He's comfortable. A girl like him. However, I still want to chat aka Justin because he's a good sex and good times. So if the guy doesn't meet all those requirements and guess what? He's trying to work on it. She don't want to wait. You know what? I'll have this guy whoever else I want. And that's the sad part about it because you can be the best guy in the world but maybe you're not what she wants from social media what she sees. As a result, you know what? He doesn't measure up. I'll be with him for now but when the next person has better, I'll just move on. Women compartmentalize men in categories and I don't think enough guys understand this that there's literally girls we brought them on the show and they've told us, like, yeah, I got this guy on my phone is Uber. I got this guy on my phone is food. I got this guy on my phone is transportation. I got this guy on my thing is handyman and like women like what society is basically done is it's told women be empowered. You're strong and independent.  Use them for what you need to.  I mean, it's shown in the music it's shown in popular culture. You know, dogging out men is completely socially accepted. City girls we have women. Yeah. City girls blah blah blah. You know, and if a guy wants to do this it's manipulation and evil but girls have been doing this for decades, right? And the only thing is guys are kind of starting to see it if they look for it. But that's why this type of content has been exploding. You know, shout out to Andrew Tate ourselves. Justin a bunch of guys in this type of in this sphere the reason why it's exploding in popularity is because we're finally giving guys answers to questions they've had. Why does she ghost me? Why does she not respond respond to my text? Why is she flaking all the time? What's going on here? Blah blah blah.    A lot of guys tend to look at women from a male lens. They look at them like hey, well she told me she was going to do this but she did this.  Blah blah blah.  Women are not designed to be loyal to what they say or what they do because they're the weaker sex and not to align themselves with the strongest man that they can. This is from biologically hardwired in them but mainstream society will sit there online and tell you men and women are equal or women are just the same as men and they can go ahead and do the same things and they can't. We're built differently. We view the world differently and our biological hardwiring influences a lot of our actions and I don't think guys understand this that when a girl flakes on a date or when she doesn't adhere to her word it's not that big a deal because it's female nature to not stick to what they say. Women are designed to meet through a male and preferably the most strong male that they can get access to. That's how it goes. So it's literally survival of the fittest. It's just that we're in a very modern world now. We live in modern conveniences so for guys they think oh well things are different men and women are equal now women are in the workforce blah blah blah. It doesn't matter. There's still hardwired to operate a certain way regardless of how independent women become or how equal will become it doesn't change biological hardwiring. Women still want the strongest, fastest and best men. The more she wants her man to make on top of that. They still look for security. What do you think they're saying good men finish last? When girls look for that man they get it but it seems too boring for them. It's a hundred percent true. Damn. It's a hundred percent true. I mean nice guys always finish last it's been that way since the beginning of time it's just that now it's more pronounced thanks to social media. At least now if guys watch this kind of content they know why they're finishing last. Before guys didn't know they had to be like what the fuck's going on? You know maybe there was a few guys you know shout out in the early 90s in the early 2000s that's why it exploded back then but we didn't have social media. Right? People kind of figured out about mystery and Nils Charles and all these guys and what they did was they were able to pioneer female nature from a seduction standpoint so that guys can understand how to be attractive to women and understand like the cheat codes on how to get women from that perspective but you take that and then you see that a lot of the tactics that they employ to get women are rooted in biological fact displaying higher value dressing in a certain way showing social status being a leader of men.  I think just to answer that as well a lot of guys put girls on a pedestal right? So what's a nice guy? He's caring loving just genuinely a good person right? However what do women want?


So, we have been discussing about the product operator formalism of the density operator which we wrote like this summation Bs of T Bs and then we looked at the various basis operators these ones for one spin we had a set of basis operators there were 4 for 2 spins the basis operators number were 16 for 3 spins then we have a number is 64 this is 4 to the power whatever that is so this is 4 to the power 1, 4 to the power 2, 4 to the power 3 and we also had said that these are all products of angular momentum operators and we also saw what these individual operators represent in the density matrix where do they represent we have various kinds of single operators and we also have operators of like this which are products of 2 angular momentum operators and we will also have products of 3 angular momentum operators ILX, ILZ, IMZ and so on so forth. So, these are some illustrations and we saw exactly what these individual some of these individual operators represent for the one spin 2 spin cases basically we looked at those which are representing in phase magnetization of single spin and also for the 2 spins we looked at in phase magnetization in all the 3 cases of 1 spin 2 spin 3 spin cases. We also looked at the products of this type that K, I, KX, ILY how they represent a mixture of double quantum and zero quantum coherences and by combination of more than one of such operators we can generate pure double quantum coherence or pure zero quantum coherence. So, and we these ones therefore they are present in the density operator looking at the density operator and looking at these ones we can make an interpretation of what is the system how the system is evolving through the pulse sequence what kind of coherence is generated through the pulse sequence this is the physical meaning of those calculation of the time evolution we will come to it very soon. So, to continue with this discussion what sort of spectra we expect in the for the anti-phase magnetization in the 3 spin case that is what we will we are going to see. So, now we consider the 3 spin example. So, the 3 spin example we represented as KLM all the 3 are weakly coupled spins and we saw earlier in the 3 spin case also for operators like IKX, ILX, IMX what sort of transitions are occurring how do we represent these transitions in the 3 spin system. Let us do a recap on the energy level diagram of the 3 spin case once more we have 8 energy levels here and these are represented as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 essentially it is a duplication of the 2 spin case and in one of these 4 energy levels you have the the 3rd spin as M spin as in the alpha state here and see you see here this is all M spin is in the alpha state and here in these 4 energy levels the M spin is in the beta state. So, that is how you generate the 8 energy levels and the transitions accordingly are as K transitions and L transitions and M transitions the ones which connect from this group to this group or all the M transitions the ones which are in this group they are basically the K and L transitions and that is indicated here. So, they are indicated by different colors here so and therefore we can understand what these ones represent the arrows indicate what sort of spectra you will get when you actually measure the spectra of the 3 spin system and we have seen therefore in the earlier cases that we have in phase magnetization of the K spin if one is trying to see then you will have 4 lines which are in phase and if we have similarly for the L spin and similarly for the M spin. So, now we are going to see if I have an a term of this type in the basis operator for the 3 spin case remember for the 3 spin case also we have 64 operators 64 operators will consist of single angular momentum operators the products of 2 angular momentum operators and products of 3 angular momentum operators. Now, we are going to consider a 2 spin product for a 3 spin system and this is the operator like 2 ikx ilz in a 3 spin system what does this represent? So, it will be very similar to what we had in the 2 spin case itself that we will have these 2 transitions there is one transition this is the K transition alpha K is going to beta K this is the K transition and correspondingly this is the K transition alpha K to beta K but now you see the arrows in this case the arrow is like this and in this case the arrow is like this. So, this represents a an anti phase term these 2 terms will have opposite signs and that is indicated by again the representation here if 1 3 is positive then the 2 4 transition is negative and that will be that will be in this block the same thing will happen in this block as well 5 7 and 6 8 will also have opposite signs if this is 5 7 is positive 6 8 will be negative. So, therefore we have here 5 7 transition and 6 8 transition the separation between these 2 will be the coupling constant between the spins K and L the same thing is here of course the separation between these 2 or these 2 will be the coupling constant of spin K with spin M. So, you have therefore a doublet of a doublet and you can see here the anti phase nature is for the coupling of K and L whereas if you look at these 2 peaks which arises as a result of the coupling between K and M they are in phase. So, therefore with respect to the M spin these 2 are in phase this whole doublet is has the same sign as this doublet this is this is negative positive and this is negative the same sign pattern here for this one and this one. So, therefore we call this as the K magnetization which is anti phase with respect to L but in phase with respect to M. Let me repeat that again here. So, we have here 4 lines the 4 lines come as a result of coupling between K to L and K to M and we can represent here the same in a slightly different notation I can write that here itself. So, let us say I have one line for the K spin in the absence of any coupling then I will have here 2 lines as a result of coupling J K L and let me represent this as plus and minus because I get because of the K in this system we will have the 1, 3 transition and the 2, 4 transitions or have the opposite signs. Now, there is a K M coupling subsequently. So, K M coupling results to splitting like this then we will have situation like this then we will have this one we call it as plus plus here and minus minus here and this is K M coupling. So, in this case I have assumed that the K L coupling is larger than K M coupling but you can also have a situation where K M coupling is larger than the K L coupling. So, in that case what one could also do is we have this here then we have these 2 as the result of the K L coupling and then we will have splitting again due to the K M coupling then we will have this sort of a situation. So, this then will be plus minus this will be plus minus because this is plus and minus this splits into 2 when then it will give to the minus minus here then this plus splits into 2 then we get plus plus here. So, this is the kind of a situation what you are seeing in this diagram. So, this is what you are seeing in this diagram we have these 2 transitions are shown here as plus and minus that is this situation and this is plus minus and plus whatever that is you may call this plus this minus or vice versa does not matter. So, you get different kinds of patterns depending upon the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants. So, here we have assumed the K M coupling is larger than the K L coupling. The K L coupling is resulting in this kind of anti-phase peaks which are positive and negative here and this is anti-phase peaks and these peaks are in phase because this is due to the K M coupling if this is positive positive or negative negative and this is negative negative or positive positive correspondingly. So, therefore, this is the way you get for K X L Z in a three spin system if you were to take K Y L Z in a similar situation you will get the same sort of pattern in both these cases but they will have dispersive line shape because of the K Y term if I take a K Y term it will have a dispersive line shape. So, similarly for if I were to take L Y M Z or M Y L Z. So, accordingly one will have such kind of patterns in the individual multiplets of the L and the M spins. So, this is an illustration to show how the different transitions appear in your spectrum. Now, let us consider a further extension of this we will consider three spin product. A particular example I have taken here is the three spin product I K X I M Z I L Z for I K X I L Z I M Z notice here the transverse is only for the K whereas the L and the M spins are along the Z axis. Therefore, these ones this term obviously represents the K magnetization because whatever is in the transverse plane is what we observe and we call that it represents that magnetization. So, this is the K magnetization now we can intuitively we can think that this is something which is anti-phase with respect to both the L spin as well as the M spin. So, what do you expect here? So, in this situation earlier this group was had the same sign as this group if this is negative positive this is also negative positive that is because we had the in phase character with respect to the M spin. Now, the K magnetization in this situation will be anti-phase with respect to M as well. Therefore, the first anti-phase term appears because of this K L splitting and secondly this whole term is inverted because of the anti-phase nature with respect to the M spin. Therefore, this now which was negative here now becomes positive and this one becomes negative. Therefore, you get a pattern here this is negative positive positive negative the coupling constant here is of course then this is the K L coupling and from here to here that remains the K M coupling. Now, you see if you look at the splitting due to the K M it is one line here another line here now these two are having opposite signs with respect to each other and therefore this is anti-phase with respect to the K M splitting as well. So, it is anti-phase with respect to the K L splitting this is negative positive K L splitting it is also anti-phase with respect to the K M splitting if this is negative this is positive similarly this and this have opposite sign. Therefore, we call this as anti-phase magnetization of K with respect to both L and the M spins. So, in the diagram here you can also see if I take this as positive direction here this as a positive negative direction here and then correspondingly I will have this as negative direction here and this has a positive direction here the same thing is represented schematically this is the schematic representation of how this peaks will appear in your spectrum when we record when your density operator contains this sort of a term this term sort of a term is a basis operator present in your density operator then if you were to measure this then you will get the spectrum which will produce a spectrum like this, this particular term of course various other terms will produce different kinds of spectrum. So, we are interpreting how what are the contributions of the individual basis operators in your NMR spectrum. So, therefore so much for the physical meanings of the individual basis operators what do they represent in your NMR spectrum but now we come to the next objective that is we must be able to calculate the evolution of the density operator consisting of all of these basis operators through the pulse sequence. I again repeat this slide here this was this slide you already seen before this is a multipulse experiment with so many pulses and the system is evolving with the time starts with the time 0 we have this pulse here and H1 tau 1 pulse here then evolution and dust pre-precision for the Hamiltonian H2 tau 2 then P3 H3 tau 3 P4 and so on so forth. So, for free evolution we have to calculate the evolution under the Hamiltonian this is for these ones and then for the pulses we have this evolution under pulses P rho P minus 1 and rho here can be a summation of all the basis operators and this is the same equation what we had earlier start with rho 0 keep applying the pulses and the evolution under the various Hamiltonians as we have discussed before. So, now we explicitly put this basis operators here for the free evolution I call this as rho dash the rho dash is summation Bs e to the minus i by h cross ht Hamiltonian t then you have this basis operator Bs e to the i by h cross ht and for the pulses we call it as rho double dash then this is Bs P Bs P minus 1 this is the constant therefore this will be this can be taken out and we have this pulse here P Bs and P minus 1 the basis operators set for single spin we have this expression when all the multiple spins are also constructed from these individual angular momentum operators as I mentioned before. Now, let us go further and try and calculate the evolution under the Hamiltonian and evolution under the pulses what happens when you apply the pulses what happens for when the density operator evolves under the Hamiltonians. Now, let us write the Hamiltonian once more here explicitly we will write the isotropic Hamiltonian for weakly coupled spin systems in liquids consist of two terms and this is the Zeeman term where it is due to the interaction between the nuclear magnetic moments and the magnetic field and this is represented as omega k i z k summation over k the k is the same index which goes over the various spins. So, we can write as k z dot z k does not matter earlier we used k z here but does not matter it means the same thing we are referring to the same thing this is the processional frequency of the k spin and this is the coupling constant term where we have jkl is the coupling constant and the operator term for the interaction is i z k i z l or you may call it as i k z i l z. So, it is the same thing just the indices are changed here. So, we could have written it as i k z i l z as well same thing and in briefly we write it as h z plus h j this is the coupling Hamiltonian this is the Zeeman Hamiltonian the first term represents the chemical shifts and the second term represents the scalar couplings. For evolution of a basis operator B s obviously we can write this B s prime this for the row prime I write it as B s prime now because we have considered in the particular operator B s here. So, B s prime I write it as e to the minus i h t B s e to the i h t is the very simple extension of the previous equation. For h now I write explicitly e to the i h z plus h j t B s e to the i h z plus h j t. So, basically putting for h here summation sum of the Zeeman and the coupling terms. Now, for the weakly coupled spin system you remember what the Hamiltonian consisted of. So, Hamiltonian consisted of i k z term here and k z l z here. So, these are all z components the z components therefore this part of the Hamiltonian commutes with this Hamiltonian because k z operators the z operators they all commute. So, and they all belong to the same spin. So, therefore these two will come out. So, when we do that then of course we can actually calculate the evolutions of these operators separately without affecting the result in any manner. So, if I were to write explicitly this I can write this h z plus h j t as h j plus h z t does not matter because this only means there is an order of the evolution order of the calculation is going to be interchanged. So, here I keep the same h z plus h j this is h z plus h j and this part I turn it in the reverse manner I write it as h z plus h z t. What is the consequence of this? For the B s prime I will have evolution under the h z t I can calculate this therefore this will be e to the minus i h z t B s i to the i h z t and multiplied by e to the minus i h j t on this side and on this side e to the i h j t explicitly. The central term will represent chemical shift evolution. So, let me write that explicitly here. So, I write it as B s e to the minus i h z t e to the i h z t and then here it is e to the minus i h j t t and e to the i h j t. So, this particular term here this is the chemical shift evolution and from here to here this after that this will be the j evolution. So, we will first calculate what is the chemical shift evolution of a particular basis operator B s. So, for this we take an example of i k x let us say B s is equal to i k x and we will calculate the chemical shift evolution that is under the influence of Hamiltonian h z. So, the B s prime will be e to the minus i omega k i z k i k x e to the omega k i z k t. Of course, you be careful that somewhere I have used this z k and k z they get mixed up here. So, here I have used k z here and here it is z k. So, essentially I am meaning the same thing. So, this will be e to the minus omega k i k z t i k x e to the i omega k i k z t. We have previously derived this formula e to the i minus i beta i x is given by this expression cosine beta by 2 minus 2 i i x sin beta by 2. This expression we have derived earlier by explicitly expanding this exponential function as a series and then we figured out that this can be represented a simple manner like this. So, we will use the same trick here. So, we will write explicitly this one in the form of this kind of an equation. So, B s prime will be cosine omega k t by 2 minus 2 i sin omega k t by 2 i k z here that is this and then I have this i k x that is this and then I have this for the other side I have cosine omega k t by 2 minus 2 i sin omega k t by 2 i k z. So, let us explicitly calculate this we get here cosine square omega k t by 2 i k x this one this one will give me cosine square this multiplication will give me cosine square omega k t by 2 and i k x will stay here and then this product notice here I should have here a plus sign because this is e to the i omega k z k s. So, I should have here a plus sign. So, and then I will have here this product. So, this with this term gives me 4 sin square omega k t by 2. So, this is minus 2 i and plus 2 i gives me minus 4 i square that is plus 4 and sin square omega k t by 2 but these operators I cannot move around I have to keep them here i k z i k x and i k z. So, these ones will stay here these do not commute and therefore I cannot move them around and then I will have here 2 terms of the cross term one due to this and the other one due to this this gives me minus i sin omega k t a commutator of i k z comma i k x the 2 terms clubbed together can be represented in this manner. So, I have a commutator here i k z i k x now here we have to calculate what this 3 product term implies. So, we have here i k z i k x i k z what does this imply.  So, you put this 3 matrices because this is the k spin I can simply take the product notice all of these belong to the k spin therefore I can simply take the product here and this gives me minus 1 by 4 i k x. So, therefore that 4 cancels then I will get here cosine square omega k t by 2 i k x minus sin square omega k t by 2 i k x plus the last term this one remains this one is there and this gives me k z k x this gives me i k y. So, this commutator gives me i k y. So, therefore what I get I get here i k y and because of the i i minus i square. So, I get plus therefore I get here a plus sin minus omega k t k y.  So, after all this calculation what we have got is i k x as a result of evolution under the i k z Hamiltonian I get these 2 terms see if I went to write here a simple manner in a symbolic form i k x under the influence of the Hamiltonian h z gives me it simply means a rotation gives me i k x and so I write to represent this in a pictorial manner like this. Let us say we draw the 3 x's the 3 x's we label them as i x i y and i z of course it can be is a very general thing here it can be k spin l spin whatever it is. So, I just represent it as x y and z and this is this represents the Hamiltonian part what the circle here implies this is the Hamiltonian and I have the transverse magnet this is the basis operator here k x here the basis operator and under the influence of the Hamiltonian this is the time evolution that is going on this rotates in this manner right. So, after a certain time t if your rotation is here then I have i k x cosine omega k t plus i k y sine omega k t right. So, that is so this represents a rotation in this manner. So, you can extend this argument further to say that if I were to take a i k y here suppose it were i k y the same rules will apply. So, this represents the full rotation of the entire magnetization components. So, if I were to start from i k y here then after a certain time tau if the magnetization is rotated like this then what I would get out i k y cosine omega k t i k y because this will be cosine this if this it has rotated like this. So, therefore I will have this component cosine omega k t i k y and minus i k x sine omega k t in that case. So, if I were to write for the i k y let me also write that here. So, if I were to start with i k y then this will go i k y cosine omega k t minus i k x sine omega k t right. So, that represents a rotation of the y magnetization from here to here right. So, therefore we have derived this principle to how this evolution can occur. So, we stop here.


While there was a celebration in Brainerd tonight as the Brainerd Lakes Chamber of Commerce recognized excellence in the business community. Clayton Castle has that story. It was a celebratory night at Craigins Resort and Hotel on Gall Lake as the Brainerd Lakes Chamber of Commerce held its annual celebration of excellence. We're celebrating business past, present, and future in the lakes area. And we're very, very happy to be recognizing both CTC and Arnie Johnson, their legends in our community. And we're just so happy that we're here holding them up in front of the community tonight. The Business Legacy Award was given to Arnie Johnson, the founder of Johnson Enterprises, and an active contributor to the Brainerd community. It's always nice to be recognized for people that feel that you've made a positive difference in the community. One of the biggest and proudest achievements of Arnie's business career is the number of jobs he has created in the community. For one, I provided a lot of jobs with UBI. We provided over 500 jobs here. I've been very involved with non-profit organizations like starting a BLADC and a number of different organizations from the college to the YMCA, you name it. CTC was the recipient of the Business Excellence Award for its achievements in creating a connectivity of cable and internet within the Brainerd area and into the surrounding communities. To win this award, it is very significant because it's taken so many people many years to build what we've built over this whole region as far as fiber optics and telecommunications and internet and connectivity. The celebration of excellence is part of the chamber's way of showing how great the Brainerd business community really is. Every single business treats their employees right. They give back to the community. They get involved with the chamber and lots of other organizations and they're just an essential part of the Brainerd Lakes area. And I think that's really what makes our community so special. Reporting in Brainerd, Clayton Castle, Lakeland News. Also at that event, the Purple Fern was announced as the winner of the destination downtown competition. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hey folks, I'm Pat Schloss and this is Code Club. This is going to be a very different Code Club because I'm going to tell you how you can create your very own live Code Clubs at your local institution, maybe even with your own research group. The idea for Code Club here on YouTube was born out of a practice that my lab has had over the last few years where we get together every other week as part of our lab meeting for an hour in our lab meeting to go over different concepts in programming, different parts of reproducible research. And so we do that every other week. The other week we do a journal club and then for the other hour of our lab meetings, I know the two hours it seems long, but it goes fast. The other hour is talking about research. That's the way we've done it and it works pretty well. Be sure you check out this paper that my lab published last year in PLOS Computational Biology called 10 Simple Rules to Increase Computational Skills Among Biologists with Code Clubs. As I said, the YouTube version of Code Club was created at the beginning of the pandemic because I said, you know, my lab really likes these Code Clubs. Why don't we try to have Code Club virtually, right? Trying to do it here on YouTube. So again, being the beginning of the semester here in the United States, I'm releasing this on Labor Day, which at least in the United States kind of signifies the end of summer and the start of fall and kind of the start of the school year. I don't even know when the University of Michigan started. I think maybe it was last week. I don't know. Anyway, I'm getting emails from colleagues across the country asking for resources to try to strengthen the computational skills of their research group. This past week, I got an email from Dr. Nicole Petraziak. Nicole, I'm sorry if I'm butchering your last name. Nicole is an assistant professor at New Mexico State University in the plant and environmental science department. And she's thinking about her research group and she's recently started getting newsletters that I send out every week. She said, I like this so much that I want to integrate it into our lab meetings bi-weekly to help our students to advance their data management in analytical schools. Any recommendations where you would start with a crowd of students with zero to intermediate are experienced? What a wonderful question. It just warms my heart to have colleagues that take this kind of stuff seriously and really want to help their trainees to develop data science skills. I think that only improves everybody's ability to do science. I just love this type of question. So thank you, Nicole. I responded to her pretty quickly with my initial thoughts and I said, you know, I've gotten a couple other of these emails. I should share this with people here on YouTube. So the resources I'm going to share with you today are totally free. There are paid versions that you can get, but I'm focusing on the free versions. If you have other ideas for resources that our colleagues can use to help improve the data science skills of the people they're working with, let us know down below in the comments. The first thing that I would strongly, strongly recommend is go to rifamonas.org. At the bottom of that page, there is a little form that you can put your name and your email address into, and you will get a weekly email from me, a newsletter that will have, you know, my ruminations for a little bit, and then a section with practice problems engaging with R and perhaps eventually other reproducible research methods. So there's, you know, three to five questions in there that you could go through as a group. They're not questions that are just super involved or hard, but they, you know, require a little bit of thought. So that might be one idea. You could take those types of exercises and work through them together as a group, and then you could come back together and talk about the solutions to those exercises. The second resource that I strongly recommend is stay at rifamonas.org. And at the top of that page, there is a link for training modules. In there, you will see a link to, you know, a dozen or so videos and slide decks related to reproducible research practices, specifically within the microbiome research. The minimal R is my tutorial series for teaching people how to use the tidyverse to analyze microbiome data. The general R is the same thing, except it uses data that's not microbiome related. It uses epidemiological data. It uses weather data and it uses data about demographics of institutions of higher learning here in the United States. Both minimal R and general R give a very broad overview of using the tidyverse. In the reproducible research, minimal R and general R tutorial series, there are a number of problems scattered throughout that again would be great fodder for a lab meeting. You could go through the material on your own and then come together at lab meeting and go through those exercises together. When I say go through exercises, what I'd strongly encourage you to do is to pair people off and so that people are working in pairs going through these different exercises. A practice that we found to be really good is that one person types at the keyboard and the other person hands off and tells the person what to type. After about 20 minutes, you say switch and then you switch roles. The person that's typing doesn't know what to type unless the person that's sitting behind them or next to them tells them what to type. This has also worked pretty well using Zoom, using breakout rooms. You could put maybe two or three people into a breakout room and have them work together. It's really important that you switch those so that you don't have one person dominating the whole experience and that you then come back and share your experiences. Another great source of resources are books. And so over the years, my lab has experimented with this where we might take a semester or semester and a half to go through a book. And so two books that we've enjoyed going through are Our for Data Science and Fundamental of Data Visualization. So Our for Data Science was written by Hadley Wickham and Garrett Grolemund. Hadley is the original author of things like Gigi Plattu and D. Plyer. He coined the tidy verse. It was initially called the Hadley verse, but he's humble enough to say, no, no, no. It should be the tidy verse. Anyway, this book is great because it really steps you through the basics of the tidy verse and gives you a pretty broad overview of what's going on. Again, there's a free version up on his website. There's also a paid version over on Amazon. Down below in the description, I'll leave a link to Amazon. If you go through that link, I'll get a very small kickback that might help me buy a couple bags of M&Ms. As I mentioned, the second book that we've really enjoyed going through is Klaus Wilkie's Fundamentals of Data Visualization. This is not an our book, but it's a book that talks about different elements of data visualization, what things are good, what's not so good, and why are they good or not so good. One of the things that's really unique about this book is, again, although it's not an our book, it was written all in R. All of the figures were generated by R code. And so because Klaus did a good job of making this book open and has a free version like Hadley does of his book up online through his website, all the R code behind the book is also publicly available. So if you see a figure you like, you can go look at Klaus's GitHub repository and see how he did whatever he did in that figure that you like. Also, you can get a physical copy of the book. Again, link down below to Amazon. Get a small kickback more and more M&Ms. Maybe I can afford some peanut M&Ms. Who knows? Like I said, all these resources work great in a lab meeting. I understand that a lot of people perhaps don't have a big research group to work with. You might be the only person in your lab doing these types of computational practices. Do not despair. You can of course go through these things on your own, but it is really nice to be able to work with other people. Something I would strongly encourage you to do if you're in this situation, and even if you have a big group of people that you're working with, is to look for like-minded people in the community around you. At the University of Michigan, some grad students and postdocs got together and formed a group called the Data Analysis Networking Group. Dang, we're very Midwestern. Anyway, they meet monthly and they go over topics related to data visualization and data analysis, machine learning, things like that. I know another group at Penn State University has formed a similar type of organization. These would be great opportunities to come together and perhaps go through a book like one of these or any of the Riffamonis resources. Just like we do journal clubs as a department or across departments, to learn the latest greatest in our field, I think there's a great opportunity to do the same type of thing with our programming skills. I really hope that you use this semester to either within your own research group to start doing a local code club or to get friends together from outside of your lab to do your own local code club and feel free to steal that dang name. I didn't come up with it myself and I really have very little to do with the group, but I'm sure they wouldn't mind hearing that dang had been spreading across the world. Dig into these resources, get practicing for this semester, and I'm sure that your skills will only grow.


Human beings face big problems. In fact, our biggest problems are so big, we often don't even recognize them as problems. We see them as impossible obstacles that we learn to avoid, not tackle. We need to feed increasing numbers of people, change the way we use natural resources, better manage volatile global economies, and counter-emergent viruses. Before quantum computers can start to solve these grand challenges, we need to solve some grand challenges of our own. In September, we showed a hardware roadmap and a clear vision of how we get to the inflection point of 1,000 qubits over the next three years. But our ultimate objective is not just to create 1,000 qubits in hardware. Our ultimate objective is to make this hardware useful, not just for the relatively small number of quantum experts, but for the vast majority of the 12 million regular professional developers on the planet today. To do this, we need to make the adoption of this radical technology as frictionless as possible. In other words, developers don't have to learn new tools or languages and can even use their existing code. All they need is a few lines of code to call a quantum API service on the cloud. We also have to understand that as part of the most active quantum development community in the world and proudly open source, there are many different kinds of developers working at different levels. Our aim is to help orchestrate this ecosystem so multiple developers can contribute to each layer, each feeding the layer above, providing abstraction without trivialization. So we like to say that frictionless development starts from the bottom up. So going back to our roadmap, here's where we want to be. Simple cloud-based services created by model developers that any developer can use. Now bear in mind it took classical computers 60 years to go from programming with individual logic gates to sophisticated cloud services that developers use today. With quantum computing, we need to go through the same process in the next three years. So this is our plan for how we make this happen. Before we can even think about cloud services, we need to radically improve the performance of quantum hardware. And we do this with a layer of software that interacts with our classical control systems. Currently, our circuit API, which goes back to 2016, allows users to create an object that defines the quantum instructions sent to the quantum computer. This is fine for simple circuits, but to reach our objective, we need to run many more circuits much faster. So our first announcement is we're launching our quantum runtime in 2021. This will support iterative, efficient running of different circuits and updating the future circuits based on measurements of the previous one. We'll be demoing this later in the year where we're aiming to show a significant performance increase. With today's implementation, all these loops run on the user's computer backwards and forwards across the cloud. With the quiz kit runtime, we execute these loops physically close to the quantum computer. This will speed up applications like this example by factors as large as 100 times, making something impractical today possible. Another thing we need to do in order to reach our ultimate destination are what we call dynamic circuits. These are circuits that are smart and can offer branching within the circuit based on measurements within the circuit. We call them dynamic because they can change their future state based on measurements that happen in the middle. And this is why we need a classical hardware to do it. This is a real hurdle. It is very hard to create these, but the good news is we've already made significant strides. We're also announcing we've already made mid-circuit measurements and mid-circuit reset up and running and available for use today. In this figure, we see that by running the reset multiple times, the fidelity at preparing the zero state can get much better. Plus, we've also demonstrated some simple feed forward showing advantages of using iterative phase estimation. Iterative phase estimation is a core sub-algorithm for quantum applications and amounts to solving the following. Imagine the problem of phase estimation of some unitary and here we want to do it with a minimum number of resources. In one case, we could do it all with a dynamic circuit or by post-processing many circuits. Here we see that for the dynamic circuit case, we can win for limited resources. So this is a major first step to dynamic circuits. As we evolve, we predict certain circuits will get used more and more frequently. So we want to offer a library of optimized pre-built ones optimized for the quantum hardware and applications in mind. Once we're dealing with thousands of qubits, we'll need more and more efficient tools to manage these large circuits. We'll need tools to study error correction and the execution of millions of circuits a developer want to run. To do this, we need advanced control electronics built from the ground up to integrate seamlessly with classical HPC. Having HPC tightly bound to quantum resources will allow us to level up our ability to solve for much more complex computation. The next layer of software we envision being developed by algorithm developers. In 2020, we saw our first module being developed out in the open for optimization and natural sciences using the tools that the kernel developers have built. By 2023, it will make sense to create pre-built quantum runtimes in order to run more efficiently followed by pre-built runtimes for classical and quantum resources. These will be deeply tuned to the specific problem set that users and developers want to explore. Then finally to scale these open source modules, we need to integrate them into the cloud. Running on top of these runtimes, this gets us to our ultimate objective. So to recap, here's what it looks like by year. Up until 2019, quantum circuits were run on the IBM cloud. In 2020, we focused on demonstrating and prototyping quantum applications. And in 2021, we'll run quantum applications 100 times faster on the IBM cloud. And in 2022, we'll increase the possibility and algorithms that can be explored with dynamic circuits. In 2023, we'll get to our goal of frictionless development with quantum workflows being built into the cloud. In 2024, with our 1000 qubit systems, we'll build quantum services from the cloud and investigate things such as error correction. And in 2025, we'll enhance quantum workflows through HPC and quantum resources. As I said, at the start of this talk, human beings face seemingly impossible problems. Quantum computers allow us to see with fresh eyes, repositioning the seemingly impossible as grand challenges we can actually tackle and even turn into opportunities. We're on a journey to make this happen and we look forward to doing this with our IBM quantum users, partners and developers. And if developers can eventually do all this with a few simple lines of code using their existing tools, we've succeeded. Thank you.


Okay everybody, Dr. O here and this video I'm going to talk about the functional classification of joints. So we can classify joints both structurally and functionally, I'll cover the two separate.  So joints can be classified as synarthrosis which means an immovable joint and the arthrosis which means slightly movable joint and a diarthrosis which is a synovial joint which means freely movable. So let's look at some examples.  A gomphosis which is the joint that holds your teeth in their sockets and a synchondrosis which is going to be, the best example is actually going to be your growth plates. There's technically still a joint between the shaft of a long bone and the diaphasis and the ends, the epiphasis until they fuse into adulthood so that's called a synchondrosis. But for now just know that a synarthrosis is an immovable joint. I'll actually go into detail with the joints when we cover them structurally. Then we have the amphiarthrosis here which means slightly movable and the examples you see here is a syndesmosis that's going to be the joint between your radius and ulna almost said tibian fibula for some reason. The joint between your radius and ulna which allows for a bunch of movement as I move my forearm would be an example of a syndesmosis and then the tibian fibula would be an example too but less mobility there. And then the symphysis. So the symphysis is an amphiarthrosis at the interval tuple disc between your spinal vertebrae and also at the symphysis pubis between your two pubic bones but we'll cover that more in the next video. And then here we have the diarthrosis also known as synovial joints. These are going to be joints that actually don't come into contact with each other. They have a joint cavity and that allows for free movement. So a diarthrosis is classified as a freely movable joint and these are all going to be synovial joints. So these are classified by the types of movements that they allow. Sorry, so you'll see that in the next video we'll talk about how these joints are going to be classified. If they're monaxial it means they're freely movable in one plane like the elbow here. If they're biaxial they're freely movable in two planes like my wrist here. I can bend it this way and this way. And if they're triaxial or multi-axial like your shoulder and hip I can move them in all three planes. Alright, so that's going to be the functional classification of joints. Synaarthrosis are immovable, amphiarthrosis are slightly movable and diarthrosis are freely movable or synovial joints. I hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


What's good chargeable Ross back again with another video? So We got some unfortunate news man Just seeing the clip of CM Punk's announcement he had for a rampage tonight and He has to relinquish the AEW championship man Apparently he suffered an injury It looked like he may have suffered the injury on this Wednesday night Dynamite that happened earlier this week if you guys seen the clip of after MJF's Promo CM Punk limps out to the ring like he's limping or whatnot So I'm not sure if he injured himself in the match. He had that night I'm guessing he did but apparently CM Punk says he has to have surgery and that just Sucks, I'm not even gonna lie to you. That is that is that's heartbreaking news You can see the people in like some of the people in the crowd They look genuinely heartbroken and disappointed and it's it does stuff for someone to come back after so long And to be able to be world champion of a of a company to only Then end up, you know getting injured after just receiving the belt like he literally just won the belt This week and now he has to drop it or relinquish it and I respect what he said because at the end of the day There's no point in him holding it. He has to get surgery So he has to drop it and someone else could potentially benefit from that So I'm not sure what they're gonna do maybe have a Tournament to see who will be the new AEW champ, but now this changes up a lot of things. This is This is crazy. I'm not even gonna lie to you I Figured something was up because he said he wanted to make announcement and Usually sometimes when people want to make an announcement and they're promoting it It's one of those things where they got to talk about something or whatnot Like it doesn't make sense for him to just randomly make an announcement about something less He's putting on some crazy match. They already was booking for forbidden door So it would be like what's the announcement? But now we know what it is and it's very sad It's very unfortunate and I'm wishing them a speedy recovery I'm wishing him a speedy recovery so that way he can you know come back better than ever It seemed like he was somewhat in positive spirits. He was trying to you know reassure people. I'm gonna be back I'm gonna be stronger. I'm gonna be better. I'm gonna be faster and hopefully he is and we'll see You know what happens down the line, but it's a good chance if he has to have surgery He's gonna be out potentially maybe depending on how serious the surgery is I'm sure they will give us, you know some updates on you know, what the severity is how bad it is So I'm just wishing them a speedy recovery nonetheless and the real question becomes who becomes the new AEW world champion Who's the next guy up? I know a lot of people were a really high on MJF right now So I don't know if he's the next guy up. Is it Brian Danielson? Does the yes movement come back in full effect dude as Moxley get another go at it? Or is it somebody else does Adam Cole get a go at it like let me know down below who you guys think should take Be the next guy to carry the AEW championship because somebody has to carry the ship right now See him punk. He has to he has to get off temporarily. So Comment down below. Let me know your thoughts and opinions of who should be the next AEW world champion Just wanted to make a quick video for you guys Appreciate all love and support roll to 90k. Appreciate y'all kicking me. See y'all next one. Peace


DCU's Student Union's elections were held on March 5th and there were cheers to be heard all around. Fergo Lynch was elected as president, while Chloe McMorrell, Dean O'Reilly, Dylan Mangan and Lucian Waddaley will all act as the various vice presidents. I'd also like to thank everyone for voting for me. The amount of work we put into this campaign, we tried really hard. I'd like to thank Olivia, Katie and Evan as well, they ran a great campaign. It was so much fun, we all had a great crack. I can't believe my people voted for me, it's a great feeling. Can't wait to get working with DCU next year. I suppose I'm delighted. I'm really happy to vote for you. I've been in such a state of shock in my entire life. It goes through my body. It's crazy. This is my home. This is the place that I love, anywhere in the world. So just now that I can get back to it some way after it's given so much to me, it's insane. It makes me so emotional. I'm a straight white dude so I'm not going to show it, but I am so emotional right now. It's insane. Right, I'm absolutely thrilled to be apparently the new and also the last Vice President for Academic Affairs because also our new constitution passed so I'm going to be the last person to have this role with this title. I'm thrilled to start some exciting projects and also to have a really positive collaborative relationship with the College View which student media is so important. I think the SU is finally going to start to be properly transparent with the College View hopefully and I'm hoping to be part of that and that, yeah, it's fantastic. I'm thrilled.  Brendan Fernando Kelly Palenque, Newswire TV.