تشرف بالاشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دادا دالا وياله من شراف العظيمي الثاني يسمى متوسطين المنو one المنو generation المنو scholars وبدأ من when 403 فبدأ after الحسن المنو حامد بعد الحسن المنو حامد until the year 763 and this is the death of who is death until the wafat of ibn muflih ibn muflih right ibn muflih is the man that alimamu ibn taymah ibn muflih ibn taymah saw him and ibn taymah said to him you are not ibn muflih you are muflih he was a great scholar of the hambel ibn madhab but the most famous scholars of this tabaqa the middle part scholars the middle scholars of the hambel ibn madhab is al qadi abu ya'la al qadi abu ya'la who died in 457 457 who is very well known as ibn farra al qadi abu ya'la ibn farra also abu al khattab al qoudani who died in 510 he is also from the tabaqa tabaqa we also have abu wafa ibn akib who died in 513 ibn al jawzi who died in 597 ibn qudama who died in 620 abu al barakat ibn taymah ibn taymah is bandan who died in 652 ibn hamdan who died in 695 and al burhar ibn muflih who died in 774 these scholars i mentioned are the tabaqa of the middle part scholars the tabaqa of the last part scholars the level which are the last is after the death of ibn muflih and the most famous scholars in the tabaqa متأخرين is المردوي the author of the kitab al-insaf he died in 885 ibn najjar who died in 972 and al-hadjawi al-hadjawi who died in 960 68 and al-bahuti he died in 1051 and al-bahuti is what he was a friend with muhammad abdullahab's granddad he was a friend and a very close colleague with who muhammad abdullahab's grandfather muhammad abdullahab muhammad abdullahab's granddad because muhammad abdullahab's granddad was what he was from the fukahaa he was known as the mufti of mufti najjad his granddad muhammad abdullahab was known as the mufti of mufti of najjad good now we are going to be speaking about إن شاء الله يتعالى من المصنفات the books that are that this big weight في الفق الحمبلي the first book we are going to mention is the kitab مختصر الخراقي and it is from the من أشهر الكتب عند الحنابيل أقول إن تدي الحنابيل it is the most famous book the kitab مختصر الخراقي مختصر الخراقي is the most famous one of the most common book إن مدهب الحمبلية مدهب الحنابيل also from it is المغني بايم مقداما رحم الله which is a sharah of the مختصر الخراقي ولي ذلك العزب عبد السلام he said I never considered myself to be a faqih I didn't consider myself to be a person who knows fit until I read المغني بايم مقداما العزب عام السلام is famous it is from the مختصر الخراقي which is a kitab اعتار فأهل العلي بفضله أضل حتى من غير الحنابيل أعلم هذا أول نقطة حنابيل تستفايت الكتاب المغني بايم مقداما رحم الله also from the books is كتاب المغنع كتاب المغنع I was written by انا كتاب بايم مقداما رحمه الله with the تحقيقه ارناوت that's the one I have لكتاب المغنع بايم مقداما نعم لكتاب المغنع بايم مقداما لكتاب المغنع نعم كتاب المختصر الخراقي if I'm not wrong الشيخ ناصر العجمي الشيخ ناصر العجمي شيخ ناصر العجمي هو تحقيقه I think he's the best let me read the statement of الشيخ ديني من دهبي's كتاب what did he say he said ما رأيته في كتب الإسلامي في العلمي I have not seen in the books of islam a book like وكتاب المغنع لشيخ موافق الدين دهبي he wrote after him what did he say لقد صدق الشيخ عزد الدين he said he's the deen, tell the truth كتاب المغنع بايم مقداما those two books is it's golden so we have the كتاب المغنع بايم مقداما and when he wrote شيخ عبد القادر I don't know I'm not 100% sure I'm not 100% sure I'm not 100% sure I'm not 100% sure I'm not 100% sure I'm not 100% sure I'm not 100% sure I'm not 100% sure or even if it's اوصأ ده اذا كتاب يزال انصاف بايم المرداوين اوصأ ده كتاب الشرح الكبير لعبدالرحمن المقدسي ده كتاب الشرح الكبير بايم المقدسي دهي ديين 682 though we have the كتاب المبدع كتاب المبدع ده كتاب المبدع اذا الشرح الكتاب المبدع اذا الشرح الكتاب المقنق بايم المقدامة اذا الشرح بايم المفلح دهي 884 and that book the scholars they mentioned that in reality it's actually المبدع مبدع is when you actually initiate something and you innovate something you bring something unique to the table this book no doubt in reality مبدع في حقيقته especially in the change of the power the way it salinifies and presents the savers of the madhhab ان استدلالان يدس في the madhhab الحمالية كتاب which is the other kitab is ممتها الارادات الكتاب ممتها الارادات الكتاب الممتها الارادات if you were a gay you can get تحقيقه عبدالله ابن عبد المحسنة التركي هي اذ تحقيقه الكتاب الممتها الارادات في الجمع المقنع مع التنقيح وزيادات this kitab ممتها الارادات is written by ابن نجار محمد ابن أحمد الفتوحي ونجار تقيه الديب he's the one who wrote it very good ونصبك بك this kitab ونطلع الارادات إن شاء الله وعلي المودي ترزم الكتاب is الكتاب الكتاب الكتاب الكتاب وزيادة الكتاب الكتاب الكتاب الكتاب الكتاب is a is a is a is a is a is a is a is a is a is a it it was given a lot of cô İyi بيوتيضا nuevos و يتكاف فيها و يطلبها و يجدها و يموتنها و يتوقفها و يستخدمها بالوقت المعلمين الذي يكتبون هذا البحر سيكون شخن رثيمين يقول شخن رثيمين و يكتبون أنه يفق يغطي بكل بحصان عجيد في طريقة بكتبه إذا كتاب في ترانج الإميني أنت تحتاج إلى أساعدة سوف تحصل على الشخص العثيمين باستخدامه بأسلوب قيمة أنه مفتاح جيد وعليسة وعليسة رحمه الله تعالى أصد كتاب العمد للبن قدامة كتاب العمد بالبن قدامة هذا كتاب في كتاب بيتم باي أبي الخطاب الكولاد الكلو الخلو ذانيو دعني أحاول أن أخبرك إذا كتاب الكل وذانيو إذا لأبي خطاب الكل وذانيو أصد كتاب الفروع لبن مفلح الفروع با ابن مفلح الكتاب المحرغ للمجدد دي لبن تيمي لبن تيمي is grandad محرر منهم is at iqshab by shareef al-Hashimi وذانيو المخطيم is for grandad died 652 and shareef al-Hashimi died 428 أصد كتاب المستوعب لنصير الدي لأسمر رائي وذانيو is 616 and from those book is Al-Kafi by Mu'udama إن شاء الله تعالى أنا will mention some benefits connected to the some benefits connected to the books of the إن شاء الله تعالى أنا will mention بعض الفوائد المتعليقة بكتب الملحب الحمبري some benefits that are connected to the the first benefit إن شاء الله إن شاء الله the first benefit is ابن قداعم رحمه الله و لكنه يقوم بعمل في مرحباً لكي يقوم بعمل في مرحباً لكل مرحب فهي بسيدي يقوم بعمل في مرحباً لتبقى الناس فهذا يبدو أنه يقوم بعمل في قتاب العمدة إذا كنت من المتوسطين، أو even before we say متوسطين، إذا كنت تنتهي العمضة، you're over with the عمضة، you've studied it, masha'Allah. He wrote the Kitab al-Mukneh for me. This Kitab is the book you study after that. Then he wrote another Kitab called Al-Kafi. Al-Qudh is Al-Ibn Qudama. So the first Kitab he wrote is Al-Mukneh for the beginner. Then he wrote Al-Mukneh. The Kitab Al-Mukneh is the person whom I met at the beginning. If you just raised yourself from the level of the beginner, he wrote this one for you. Then he wrote the Kitab Al-Kafi. The Kitab Al-Kafi.  Both books makes you still a beginner. Then you move on to the middle level. You study the Kitab Al-Kafi. The Kitab Al-Kafi. By him himself. Then he wrote the Kitab Al-Mukneh. The Al-Mukneh is for the person who is the mutahi. The person who is Masha'Allah, who is up there. Who is past the level of the mutahsateen. So he wrote those books. The first Kitab is عمضة. Then the Kitab Al-Mukneh. Then the Kitab Al-Kafi. And then the Kitab Al-Mugneh. So those four books, if you've not started with the عمضة, then it's Mina Jahlat is from the ignorance for you to be looking into Al-Mugneh. Because the author is now expanding on what he's already said in what. What he said in his previous books. So that. That. That gradual stage needs to be taken by you. Okay. So you stay there. Then you do the Al-Mukneh. Then you do the Al-Kafi. Then you go for the Kitab Al-Mugneh. By him. Very good. The second benefit regarding the Hanbani books. Is there are three books that are the most famous books within the Hanbani. They are حازة الشهر عظيمة. These books have gained popularity, fame according to the Hanabian. So they are the most famous books. So you need to keep an eye on these books. The first one is مختصر. مختصر الخرقي by Omar Ibn Hussein Al-Kheraki. That's the most famous book. The most famous book. The most popular book. And it's actually the first Hanbani book written. The مدهب. مطول. In a metal way. It was the first that was written. And this book was very well studied by the متقدمين. The early scholars. They studied this book. Then the second book that's very famous is the Kitab Al-Mukneh by Ibn Qudamah. Ibn Qudamah's Kitab. Al-Mukneh is a very famous Kitab. And the third one is التنقيه. التنقيه. باية على الدين المردوي. التنقيه. التنقيه. And it's written by على الدين المردوي. It's written by the Mardawi. باية تنشن. باية تنشن. ابن النجار. الفتوحي. الحمد لله رحمه الله. وهي ددوز. ابن النجار. هي كوثن. ايبوكو الواط. منتح الإرادات. The Kitab. منتح الإرادات. اي it's a it's a he got it. يتوقف. The Mukneh by Ibn Qudamah. And he took the Kitab. التنقيه by Mardawi. And with Ziyadah. Extractings he build it. And then البهوتي. رحمه الله. هيدان الشرح. منتح الإرادات. The Kitab. منتح الإرادات. Where he did was a كانت أحد المقنع من المقنع المقلع. ثلاثة. المختصر وخيراً في الثاني. أين تتكلمين؟ المقنع. منه؟ أقول لكم بأنه أبنو نجار. ومقنعه بأنه أخذت المقنع. كانت أثنة مقنعية. التنقيق. منه؟ المردوي. فما أبنو نجار فعله كانت أخذت المقنع بأنه أبنو قداما انه تقدي تنكيح با على الدينة المردوى تجدها انه يضعها في one بوك انه يدعها بمنتهة الإرادات او يدعها بمنتهة الإرادات وانه يضع زيادات الأشياء التي يخلقون الله من المقلع والكتاب التنكيح با المردوى انه يضع زيادات فيها然后 بعد أنه منته ، بتوقف, كما أقلت وقى أنه... غ Tianz suseng.. And the best ability is the one drawn by Abdullah أنه يقنع The third benefit إن شاء الله التعاليل انه tactic is هذه الكتاب التي يقنعها بهاجاوية أن المنتهى الإرادات بالنجارة الفتوحي أو يوتي كذلك عليها مدال فتوة فتوة تقنعها بهاجاوية أنها تقنعها بهاجاوية ومنتهى الإرادات بالنجارة الفتوحي أو يوتي كذلك عليها مدال فتوة فتوة وقضاء لأن المتأخرين من العلماء عن المنجارة الفتوة وقضاء المنجارة ومدال فتوة ومتأخرين من العلماء عن المنجارة الفتوة ومدال فتوة الآن أخيين والأخيين ، عندما تتعلم على المدهب ، نحن always say this you have to understand that the terms the scholars of that matter have used if you don't know what their terms are when you read their books they're going to be confused and you won't give a correct answer according to the matter right the first one is الريوية الريوية that's the first time that they would use when they say الريوية what do they mean they mean the narration from the prophet اوه they mean القول المنصوب الالإمام احمد محمد the statement that's attributed to إمام أحمد محمد number two when they say تنبيهات when they say تنبيهات when they say تنبيهات or مثلاً or one or if they say نبه عليه الإمام أحمد if they say نبه تنبيه ذا قلور نبهه ذا سنجلاً نبه عليه الإمام أحمد when they say that what do they mean by that or when they say التنبيهات or when they say نبه عليها الليما محمد محمد أم عليه الليما محمد إمام أحمد when they say what do they mean by that فهي الأقوال اللي تلم تريد عبنه بعبارة صريحة بالفوه مدالي كما يقول it is a statement that hasn't come from إمام أحمد directly it hasn't directly come from him like this but it's what has been understood from his statements are you together this has been understood from him محمد he's it's been understood from him but he hasn't said it directly he hasn't the next time that they use is the word الأوجو when they say الأوجو it means الأقوال عند الأصحاب it means the statements that are present with the scholars of the مده المحمد أحمد أحمد أحمد but this is statements that are present within the statements that are present within the scholars of the مده المحمد some of the times that they use is the متقدمون المتوسطون المتأخيرون they will use those terms and if you explain what each one is meant by yeah we did we said that what the متقدمون is and who is the متقدمون we mentioned what time to what time is the متوسطون and we also mentioned the متأخيرون the late comments all three we spoke about great yeah we spoke about very good now i'm going to move on to insha'Allah الكعالى one of the most famous terms and letters words that they use in the حمبلي books there are terms that you would find present in the حمبلي books three terms i want you to remember when you read the حمبلي works in their books three terms they all mean the same but not in terms of strength it's the usage of the word حتة the word حتة and the word in in in and the third one is low so حتة in and low the difference between the three is when they say حتة they mean that the خلاف in this matter is very strong when they say لا تجوز الصلاة but صلاة is not permissible في أوقات النهي at the time when it's prohibited there are times that the professor asked him to pray it he said you can't pray these times they say لا تجوز الصلاة صلاة is not permissible في أوقات النهي the time when the prophet prohibited حتة ماله سبب so what comes after حتة is now a they're using حتة because they're trying to show you the خلاف but they're trying to say that the خلافية is always very strong difference the خلافية is strong حتة ماله سبب even the prayer that has a reason there are some prayers that have a reason like for example حتة ماله سبب has a reason because you're missing so they say that they say that the صلاة is prohibited you can't pray even at the times when it's the times it's prohibited for you to pray you can't pray even if you're praying a prayer that has what a reason حتة ماله سبب the word حتة has been used here if the word حتة has been used عند الحنابيلة what you need to know is اشارة للخلاف القوي this is trying to tell us that the difference in this issue is very strong okay if the word إل was put in there if the word إل is put in there then this is what للخلاف المتوصف the خلافية is moderate the خلافية is is moderate is in the middle okay and if the word low is used after the one حتة low is used then this shows اشارة للخلاف الضعيم it shows that the خلاف is actually very weak so that's the level at least these حروف these three حروف حتة and him and low these حروف when the student of knowledge reads them and he doesn't know the meaning then he's going to be unjust and incorrect in what he understands from the Imam of the منهل حتة means something in means something low means something and each and every one of them they show خلاف is present but the قوة of the خلاف is strength and the weight of the خلاف differs from the usage of one one over the other when حتة is used is what very strong when in is used the خلاف is متوصف it's in the middle and when low is used the خلاف is what the خلاف is خلاف الضعيف the خلاف is very weak where it's an introduction into the حمب المنهب an introduction if a person really wants to understand the حمب المنهب الشيخ باكل المنهب بولدان بلايس كتاب فورا and he speaks about these these three حروف حتة حتة low in and low and the difference that he has go to the first volume page 320 the book is two volumes it's two volumes go to first volume page 320 إن شاء الله باكل المنهب was an Imam العالم and scholar of the حمب المنهب he goes in details with this issue here Alhamdulillah we've concluded and we've finished the حمب المنهب we spoke about the Imam of the منهب and who he is we discussed it properly we now inshallah we also spoke about the مصطلحات الحنابنة the terms that the حمب المنهب and the Imam of the حمب المنهب use we spoke about that as well we also spoke about the books that are written in the حافق الحمب المنهب and the amount they are and who authored it and a bit about it we also even spoke about بعض الفوائد المتعلقة بكتب المنهب الحمب المنهب some benefits that are connected to the حمب المنهب we saw that it's important that we speak about the مدهب الظاهرية the مدهب الظاهري we should speak about it inshallah but we won't speak about it today inshallah we'll conclude there we'll stop at the حمب المنهب today and inshallah we will speak about the مدهب الظاهرية next inshallah week anything which I accept that was wrong or incorrect is from me الشيطال and Allah his message are free from it سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله أستوفيرك وأتوب إلي


Assalamu alaikum, this is Hussain from London. We are very blessed to be in the holy land of Karbala. Please pray for us and pray for everyone who wishes to go. Assalamu alaikum brother. I want to pay my respects to Imam Hussain and Maulah Abbas from me, my parents. And I would like you to decide salam in Ziyara for Imam Hussain and Maulah Abbas on my behalf. Assalamu alaikum from Hussain. She wants to pay her respects to Imam Hussain and Maulah Abbas. Us So


Well, I've been introduced, my name's Eba Pasha, I'm one of the technical officers from the Global Health Cluster and I've been leading on this alongside Boris, as alongside all of you to help define and finalize this framework. It's an absolute pleasure to be here. I'm just seeing all the people who are joining, I'm hearing a bit of an echo. People can be on mute, that would be great. Yeah, I'm just going through the list of people who are joining today and I'm really, really grateful. Thank you, I recognize many of the names. Some of them are cluster coordinators from the field. Welcome, welcome, welcome. A lot of them are health partners, but there's a lot of names I do not know, which is exactly how it should be. So I'm very grateful that we've had this opportunity. It's been a wonderful collaboration with the Global Protection Cluster, with all their AORs from GBV, Child Protection and Mine Action, but also with the IWAC interagency working group on reproductive health in crisis, which also now help lead the GHC SRH task team, as well as a collaboration with WHO, Attacks on Healthcare and key NGOs who work in protection and health like IRC. So many thanks for all the people who've been involved in this and the key agencies. And of course, many thanks to you guys who have joined this operational framework. What is it? Well, it's just very simple, something that you always tell us to do and we all know we need to do better is really work out, how we can improve our work, our core functions, our principal humanitarian response, as well as coordination around health and protection. We're all there trying to save lives. That's the structure that we all work under. And it's just to help define some of those aspects, as well as our core responsibilities around this. So I'm just gonna, well, no, maybe not go to the next slide yet. The actual aim of the framework was to make it easier, mainly for those who are tasked with coordinating, but also with all our partners who are involved in health response. So as you can see, we're a wide bunch of stakeholders and really trying to get this together made us go through a huge thought process that actually started back in 2019 with all the key groups that I've talked about, as well as doing country visits to understand what the needs and gaps are, developing this framework and then field testing it in three locations in Columbia, OPT, and one more, which my brain is failing me, aren't Boris, please, do you go off chatting? It starts to down, of course, oh my gosh, I would be in trouble. So many thanks for everyone's inputs at that level. Obviously, we have many ways of working together, whether it's through integrated programming, joint programming, or even just information sharing, it depends on context, nationally, sub-nationally, what those dynamics are, but we all know that we have key intersections and key ways of supporting each other throughout this. So let's just get to the nitty-gritty, if that's okay. Next slide, please. Why is it important? What are we doing? I kind of knew, had some idea of what protection was back in 2019 when this all started. And I think protection colleagues also had some idea of what we did, but I think we've had some key seminal moments where our understanding of what health and protection means that definitely evolved since the COVID-19 pandemic, seeing how health risks or health threats can really impact protection of affected populations, whether it's been worsening mental health status or whether it's been the increase in GBV or IPV or violence against children. We see that we're all interrelated. Any threat, any risk, any crisis can increase both the harm and injury and the protection of the populations that we're trying to support. So what is protection? This is my understanding and this is how we've articulated and came to understand more within the framework and it's nothing new. I'm sure you all know this and protection actors amongst you will be saying, I know this, whereas the health actors may be like, oh, okay, or not. But really, I mean, protection really aims to fill, make sure we're respecting and fulfilling the population or an individual's right for human rights. And that includes the right to health. And I think that is quite clear. It's very clearly articulated in the protection policy that the ISC have written is very clear in the role of GPC and how they're helping to mainstream protection across all sectors. But it's really in essence, as it's written here, all activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with international law. So, refugee law, humanitarian law, humanitarian rights law, human rights law, and that has been clearly identified, clearly articulated around the commitments we have around centrality of protection, making sure we're including that in all our actions as well as accountability to affected populations. What is the most important is that we all have a role to play. It's not just protection actors, it's not just the humanitarian coordinator, it's coordination bodies like the cluster, but also partners as well. So, what is health then? If we're all trying to make sure we're achieving human rights, what is health? Well, as defined under the WHO constitution, which is a member state organization, so basically all ministries of health have signed up to this definition. This is not equivocal, it is not controversial, is very much agreed upon. It's a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. I know you can read, but I'm reading it out to you, but really it doesn't mean that you just have a cough and a fever and that is what illness is. It means mental health, it means well-being, well-being that helps you thrive. This is defined in international human rights law under the ISCHR, which is everyone has the right to health, essentially. But what I think is most critical for everyone in this to understand, and what has been the precipice in the fundamental point of this operational framework, is that actually health, to improve health outcomes, meaning to have healthy people who are not ill or sick or who live longer, actually social determinants play a huge part. We call it social determinants. Outside of humanitarian crisis, we know that this equates to about 30 to 50% of the factors that make you healthy. That's things like food insecurity, violence, poverty, overcrowding, marginalization or exclusion will decrease your health outcomes, meaning that health actors cannot be the only ones to make a healthy population, to make them live longer and to live better. We're actually really dependent on the whole of sector, whole of society. And just to say this is enshrined in universal health coverage, that's an SDG around the concepts around leaving no one behind, but really that everyone has the right to healthcare no matter their vulnerability, their risks. And we have that defined in many position papers within GHC or within WHO, especially around quality of care. These are even outside of the humanitarian setting, but we see that Centrality of Protection and AAP is already integrated within that. So we just have to, our job now is to make sure we all understand that and we can complement each other. So, let me just move on to the next slide. I think we would now like to hand over, no, let me talk about this. This is the link to the document in case you haven't seen it. It's, as I've said, the framework of the intentions, what it's around, but it's really based around the core functions of a cluster. And so I think individually as clusters, we know what that is. I think in partners also know what our core functions are. It's your job to hold this accountable to make sure we fulfill our core functions. But given the multitude of actors, the GPC, the ALWAs, SRH, working groups, giving the multitude the MHPSS reference group as well. Apologies, I did not include them before. Apologies to the reference group. But given the multitude of actors that are involved, we thought it was very critical to define those accountabilities and responsibilities in the most basic form, in the tools that we already have, but really nuancing it to say, okay, if we are going to work jointly together, if we're either going to do integrated programming or even just share information, what does that look like? What are those minimum things that we should be doing? Lots of contexts and settings are doing this. And so there's a lot of good practice within that. And I'm glad to see that we have Northwest Syrian OPT as well as Columbia online. And many of you can also highlight within the discussion of where you're seeing, it has been going well so that we can learn from it. And of course, the challenges. But this framework is really, it's quite a short document, but we hope that it really helps define what we should be doing within our responsibilities. So that's why it's set around those core functions to remind us of what we're meant to be doing. So again, within this presentation today, we're just going to briefly be going through some of those core functions, seeing how it links to different sectors, to you, to your work. And on that point, I will hand over to Boris. He'll be walking us through this. Over to you, Boris. Eva, thank you so much. And if you hear me well first, to start thanking to Enmana for sending the links into the chat as some of the participants they were asking. And also to thank the many good friends and known people, now that they are attending the session. I can see the name of Jorge Martinez that we were working together on health in Palestine in Gaza Strip many, many years ago. And then Jorge and Eva, we were working together as well in the Syria crisis a bit less years ago, but we have many things in common. And why I'm saying that it's like in a natural way, people that they are like-minded, we come to the same conclusions. And this is somehow also the purpose of this UNO operational framework. We are not in making rocket science, inventing something new. We just put together what it was the claim and what it was the dynamics that in some countries they were happening. We were just organizing them and giving sense. It's common sense. The operational framework, it has to be understood like a tool that you can take whatever is useful for your operation or for the work that you are doing and then it gets applied. But as Eva was mentioning at the beginning, we wanted to keep it simple. Simple and operational, something that it can be a kind of handy document that it can get developed. And often, as you will be seeing across the session with example of the colleagues of Colombia, this kind of collaboration and this kind of joint work and integrated approach is the across sectors this is happening. One of the things that I like the most from all this process Eva that goes particularly to you is that how non-protection actors, they are starting talking about protection because it's very true that protection is not only for protection actors goes beyond and we really appreciate that it has been with health and they have cluster colleagues with the body, with the body, with the convenience on a platform that we start to develop this. Our aim is to keep developing more operational frameworks with the other sectors but so glad that we have been carrying out this process. And as you know, the cluster system is full of tools, approaches, et cetera and we have six core functions. So the job, the joint operational framework is organized across the six core functions. You will see that all of them they are cross-cutting one is integrated with the other and vice versa and at the same time, they are things that they are absolutely common sense. These are the things that the cluster has to do in collaboration and in close coordination with the wide range of partners as well in our case with areas of responsibility, et cetera. So let's go very briefly and we can discuss at the end of the session any if you have any comment, question or something that you would like to discuss more in detail but let's go slowly across all the six core functions. And the first one is to support the service delivery and how we have organized this presentation just with two key questions. The first one is what we want to do and it's as simple as the clusters and AORs, the coordination platforms that we charge supporting the fulfillment of the right to health and uphold the protection principles they promote the access to health and protection services. Is to ensure that whatever we do is better for the population affected by conflict and natural disasters and how we are going to do it. You will see if you are working on the operations we are not telling you anything new but we are standardizing the approach and also we have the commitment all across the actors all across the working groups, there is a responsibility to have that approach for making it happen which is the success of the operational framework. We are going to make multi-sectoral presence and response tracking. We are going to make as well multi-sectoral presence and respond, this is repeated apologies for that and also to create information setting protocols. We will define minimum service packets between health and the different areas of specialization of protection to ensure that we have in place effective referral pathways and all these to conform operational, operating standard operational procedures as a piece. The only thing that we are saying here for to support the service delivery is that we need to acknowledge as protection actors and as health actors that we need this integration and talking one of the areas of responsibility that has been very active in the process of defining this operational framework my action is to ensure that we have a referral that in case that there is one incident for landmines or unexploited devices the victim of that situation has the effective and as soon as possible referral that goes from the physical health but to the mental etc. and like this my action itself can cover the minimum standards of services for people affected by landmines and unexploited devices as simple as that. Same for gender-based violence, same for child protection, same for protection is a question of collaboration of ensuring that we break the silos that can be a bit the key message of this core function and we start working together that in many cases we are doing it but now we will be standardizing it. So if we can move to the next slide just to go to have an overview about the core function number two which is to inform the humanitarian coordinator and the humanitarian country team on a strategic decision-making. This is a critical core function of the clusters and is the one that speaks about analysis and how this makes impact at the time of prioritizing and organizing the humanitarian response in the given country. And what we are going to do, we are not going to be a jump into defining core indicators or these kind of common tools, et cetera that they are going to be very lengthy and we don't know exactly which ones are going to be the results of those processes. However, what we have is a very well-defined system from the health cluster. We have as well a very well-defined on protection analysis from the protection cluster and areas of responsibility. What we do is to ensure the interaction sitting together and working together and to have joint outcomes through joint analysis sessions. And it's just to ensure that the health risk are incorporated into the protection analysis and vice versa, that the protection analysis and the information from the areas of responsibility is properly integrated into the health analysis. That's it. Sometimes it's as simple as to put the people in the same table. When I was recently in Colombia, organizing already this session with the health and protection colleagues, Apologis, it was a question of sitting down, having lunch during the lunch break, a working day and just organize the different aspects for keep moving forward. And this is how often the things they move very smoothly. And how we are going to do it. Do you know that the protection cluster has across operations, the protection analysis updates that they are replicated and updated on regular basis and the health cluster, we have the public health situation analysis. So it's to sit together, to work together and to ensure that the health actors and protection actors, they are collaborating and participating in the joint analysis sessions for the production of these analytical products. And also to work together at the time of the humanitarian country strategy, at the time of the annual humanitarian aid sobering to have this protection and health risk joint analysis. That will make an impact. This is the question of mainstreaming and it's the question that it will move forward first towards a better response where we can, when we can ensure that the overarching approach of protection and at the same time to be more effective, not in terms of quality and efficiency of our responses. These are also high level words and it has to go step by step, but it's just common sense. What we are saying in the operational framework is what a good coordinator from health and a good coordinator from protection, this will be on regular basis and just to make it happen. It's a game, it's not rocket science at all. So just for not taking you more time, we will have a quick overview to the next corphansion and my view can thank you so much. And you will see that this is very much integrated with the number two and number second and number two and number one. You will see that all the six corphansions they are interconnected with each other and it's to plan and implement the cluster strategies. Do you know that we have the cluster strategy, all of them and at the same time, the one from the humanitarian country team and in this case is to focus that the humanitarian country team protection strategy is reflecting properly all the analysis of health to ensure the protection mainstreaming and this is much connected with the work that we need to do in corphansion number two. Here is divided in different corphansions but when we do it together is one step after the other. And how we are going to do it again is through the humanitarian needs overview where the severity of the crisis and the most pressing humanitarian needs will be always including health and protection and this cross cutting and join analytical approaches for the HRP whenever it's feasible to work on join and integrated planning or programming for each of the clusters or even multi-sectoral strategies and for the humanitarian country team protection strategy is to define the joint strategy indicators and key messages in order to ensure something that is so simple in a way but too difficult to achieve often in the operations which is the decentrality of protection to ensure that the scope of the humanitarian response has the decentrality of protection is this and for that it looks again like it's very senior and high level management and discussions but that starts in the frontline colleagues with the frontline colleagues working together and knowing to identify how to make the prioritization of the different situations, how to exchange the information how to have the referral pathways as we were discussing before, et cetera, et cetera and to have a full integration and common approaches all across the response. There are six core functions and we don't want to steal you much time going all across them. So we are going to have a very quick break in terms of defining the core functions and we will have some more real experiences and first inviting another very good and all-frame Leonid Taks from International Rescue Committee and Leonid and the IRC they have been absolutely engaged and involved in the production of this young operational framework. Leonid and myself we were working back again in Syria back in 10 years ago already, Leonid but we are younger than before and the floor is yours and please you can give the overview about the IRC's role and interest regarding the job over to you and thank you. Super, thank you, Boris. Thank you, Dr. Eva. As Boris mentioned, I am Leonid Taks and I work for IRC, the International Rescue Committee and I work on a global level but supporting teams with integrated health and protection initiatives within the organization. And as IRC, we've been supporting the development and now the rollout of the job most recently as part of the steering committee and IRC has health and protection programming in a large part of the current humanitarian crisis and in many of them, we co-lead the health or protection cluster or sector and in the other crisis, we're an active member of those coordination structures. So we're pretty excited about this job for five main reasons and I'll walk you through it and you see them as well on the slide. The first reason is that it will lead to better outcomes for the population. As Boris mentioned, it's not rocket science, it's common sense. When working jointly, protection and health actors can significantly improve service delivery and thereby health and protection outcomes for the population. To give one example, we recently did a joint study in Syria to look at access to sexual and reproductive health services for women and girls in the Northwest of the country. And what we found is that this is before the earthquake, services were often available for free even, but there was still prohibited barriers to accessing despecialized health services, including the lack of transport and the cost of transport, the lack of information and the generalized violence bearing access to those services. So this is one example showing that the actual barriers that access are often requiring a joint health and protection program and integrated health and protection program to make sure that people can effectively access the services that they need. And our country teams and frontline workers consistently prioritize the need for such integrated approaches, but there are also some significant challenges in practice and I'm certain that our colleagues in Columbia can speak to this as well. Very often the technical organizations don't necessarily have the time and longer-term resources to prioritize such integrated programming and sometimes the coordination between different organizations is the prioritized. And the job will help us reduce these challenges and will help us actually implement more integrated longer-term program. The second reason why we're supporting its development is that it will make joint data collection more likely and more feasible in practice. At IRC, data collection analysis and planning that cuts across the different sectors is really at the core of our programming, but we've also seen some of the challenges to those more joined approaches in practice. Very often sector-specific data collection mechanisms do not necessarily meet the objectives of other sectors and problems are measured in very different ways. And very often health and protection experts do not share a common vocabulary around some of the issues that we see. To give an example, when we talk about threats in the health domain, we mean something quite different from when protection experts use the word threat as part of the protection risk equation. So the job will really help us set some of the standards, identify some of those common data collection mechanisms and basically make the process more likely and hopefully more enjoyable for those working on it. The job also promotes inclusion of local actors within data collection, as well as the engagement of local communities in the interpretation of data, the identification of problems and solutions. And this is a key priority for IRC country teams as well. And the processes provided within the job to do so would really support helping this out, rolling this out at scale. The third main reason why we're supporting development and at a rollout is that it turns joint analysis into a standard practice. The joint analysis mechanism proposed within the job will help to bring frontline health and protection actors together. As Boros mentioned an example, sometimes physically together to create a cohesive understanding of the threats and priority needs. And a recent example of how this could work in practice is for instance, when IRC supported an initiative in northeastern Nigeria, bringing together the health and protection sectors to look at the issue of violence against healthcare in that part of the country. And through a joint integrated data collection mechanism and a large inclusive joint analysis process, we looked at the data and we looked at, okay, how can we jointly move forward to find some solutions to this issue? So a very practical example of how this can work for our frontline colleagues and how the job can really support setting up those joint processes. The fourth main reason we're enthusiastic about this framework is that it builds on mechanisms that already exist. It doesn't create any new ones. We know that there's limited bandwidth for our country colleagues to actually take on additional activities if there's no additional funding. So we're really happy to see that the job proposes mechanisms, you're levering mechanisms that already exist. For instance, as part of the HNO process and strengthening them in terms of quality and inclusiveness to really make this an integrated programming and integrated approach work. And then a fifth reason and final reason is that it makes cross-sector coordination more predictable. And for us as a sector and cluster member, that's really an advantage because it means that we can actually plan much better our support to cross-sector coordination and really allocate our resources in line with what's needed to coordinate the response to such a matter. So to sum up, we're really enthusiastic about the development of this framework. We're happy to roll it out. And looking forward to working together with all of you to roll it out in practice. Over to you, Boris. Thank you so much for setting such an enthusiasm. And thank you so much also for showing that this is not only a cluster thing. It's something that any organization can start making use of it and for sure to benefit all across. So please, you are welcome and this job is for everyone. But thank you, LaCrosse, the process for your dedication and professionalism. This is much appreciated. We will give the floor to a very interesting cluster because it's the only cluster that is 100% coordinated by national staff. And by the way, it's one of the most effective in terms of efficient coordination. They do the things with plenty of simplicity, which is something that we keep insisting to all of you in the session. They are having incredible challenges with several contexts and dynamic situations that they change from one week to another. But we can ensure that from both health protection and the rest of the sectors and the clusters, sorry, the rest of the clusters, they are incredibly dedicated people, son of them with more than 20 years of experience in the frontline. And I would like to give the welcome to our colleagues from the Colombia Health and Protection Cluster Coordination Team. Dr. Laura Gabriela, how are you? And if you don't mind, I will help with the translation between English and Spanish. How are you, Laura? Hola, Boris, hola, muy buenos días para todos. ¿Cómo están? Bueno, Gabriela está ahí, conciencia, pero vamos a iniciar. Sí, Gabriela está conectada, but we can start, podemos comenzar. Y si me haces las frases cortas para ayudar a hacer la traducción, I was telling her, yes, to have short sentences like this, I can help a bit better in the translation. But doctora, go ahead, more than welcome. Un gusto, Boris, un gusto a saludarlos. Bueno, en primer lugar, Colombia, por ser históricamente un país de multi-afectación, pues nos ha implicado repensarnos el trabajo de manera intersectorial, pero también reconocer la importancia que tiene el enfoque transversal de protección en todas las intervenciones. Esto digamos que nos ha hecho repensar desde los análisis y desde la respuesta y desde el monitoreo, ¿cómo logramos respuestas más pertinentes a los desafíos del contexto? Gracias, Laura. Just trying to make a quick summary. As you know, Colombia has a multi-risk factors that is combined with several profiles of internal conflict and natural disasters, et cetera. And that's the reason why the coordination teams, they have defined it from the beginning from the planning, the response, and the monitoring of the response, this multi-sectoral approach on Dr. Alauraz's opinion almost in a natural way. It came along with the dynamic of the response. De paso la palabra, Laura. Gracias, Boris. Bueno, nosotros enumeramos cinco puntos, sabemos que son más donde nos encontramos entre protección y salud, pero consideramos que han sido cinco experiencias como Colombia. El primero, hablamos de los análisis de necesidades y levantamiento de alertas por registradores en salud. ¿Qué ha implicado? Recientemente, ustedes lo conocieron, la alerta de buena aventura. Evidenciar, por ejemplo, la relación entre los eventos de interés en salud pública y los factores de riesgo asociados a los mismos. Entonces, por ejemplo, embarazos en menores de 14 años y su relación con presencia de actores armados en un territorio. Voy a parar ahí, Boris, y ya sigo. Yeah, no, gracias. Laura has defined five key points where there is interaction between health and protection. We will go one by one. And the first one that she was talking about is through the alert. The alert is a system that is well-established in Colombia and it brings also as well the needs analysis. It was an example of the recent one in Wemnaventura. Wemnaventura is one area in the Department of Nariño, very much affected by the internal conflict at the moment. And they were making a joint analysis between the public health and the risk of protection. So they already identified the interaction between the early pregnancy of girls under 14 years old with the presence of armed groups in the area. Doctora Laura, le paso la palabra. Gracias, Boris. Los segundos también en doble vida. Entonces, por ejemplo, relacionado con los suicidios y los intentos de suicidio y el consumo de sustancias ecoactivas relacionado con dinámicas de confinamiento y desplazamiento. Como se cruzan y se entrecruzan estos factores y otros determinantes sociales. Pero que vale la pena y recientemente también publicamos otro documento que se llama análisis de factores de riesgo y de protección relacionados con el suicidio. Los me miden a nivel individual, a nivel familiar, a nivel comunitario y a nivel situacional que pasa frente a una situación de salud específica. Thank you. Thank you, Doctora Laura. This is really interesting. Another point that they were crosscutting in terms of analysis, it was the link between suicide and the consume of drugs link with the displacement and confinement. Confinement is when the communities in Colombia, they cannot get out of their area because of the presence of armed groups and indeed those are groups often, they are controlling the territory that is outside of the urban area, for saying it in a way. So the population didn't have a freedom of movement. And very recently, they were publishing another document which is the risk analysis of protection with suicide that it goes at institutional level, community level and family level and individual level definitely about the linkages and the impact of the internal conflict to the terms of increase of suicide. Regretfully, lately in the last period we are seeing in Colombia and in Christman, particularly in the young age of suicide population that they are affected in or they are living in the affected areas. Over to you. I'll pass the word, Doctora Laura, excuse me. Thank you. Well, and then it's like, for example, the ITS related to conflict dynamics but also with the lack of human talent in the territory for attacks on medical missions. So we don't have a response associated with an abandonment of the state but also because the actors have a territorial control and that, in another way, results in the ITS. Or, for example, the threats that happen against a specific population for being HIV-related or for having COVID-19 or selective assassinations. So all these analyses are done in a comprehensive way. I'll stop there and I'll pass the word. This is a very interesting one, Doctora Laura. And it's about the link as well between the sexual transmitted diseases and included COVID, you were mentioning, no? Incluso, también del COVID, but in sexual transmitted diseases and the linkages with the conflict and the lack of access of the medical missions. Medical missions is the medical service, not in isolated areas across Colombia. And also they were reporting about the link between conflict and threats to the dignity and the security of the humans for having HIV or any other transmitted disease, no? And included COVID, you were mentioning it as well about COVID if I'm not wrong. Ay, está cabi. Bienvenida, Gabriela. El segundo es todo el relacionado con el fortalecimiento de capacidades. Ha sido súper importante fortalecer las capacidades en enfoque transversal de protección y en acciones específicas, por ejemplo, de prevención de violencias pasadas en género, entre otras, con el personal de salud. Entonces, es la segunda que lo reconocemos como una muy buena práctica, tanto a nivel nacional como a través de las mesas territoriales de salud. Thank you, Doctora. And Doctor Laura is highlighting how the capacity building and the increase of capacities to health factors from the protection colleagues in terms of gender-based violence, et cetera, at national and sub-national level. And this is something that they really appreciate because it's really increasing the awareness, but as well it has an immediate impact in the recent responses that we do at field level. Le paso la palabra. Gracias. El tercero es, por ejemplo, la identificación de riesgos. Sabemos que muchas veces el personal de salud son los primeros respondientes o los únicos que tienen acceso a la zona. Reconocer y sensibilizar al talento humano para que pueda identificar otros riesgos, no solamente lo relacionado con salud, sino, por ejemplo, riesgos de reclutamiento, como ya nos ha pasado en el marco de las emergencias, donde los médicos identifican o una violencia sexual o un riesgo de reclutamiento. Y ahí nos activamos de manera conjunta con el cláster de protección para dar respuesta y mitigar esos riesgos específicos. Fantastic. Thank you so much. Another one is again the link and the capacity, because health actors, often they are the first respondents arriving to a displacement situation. They are the ones that they can reach the affected population first. They have the capacities, the logistics, the infrastructure and the strength. And the training to these health experts to identify beyond gender-based violence cases, which is absolutely critical, but another risk that they cannot be immediately identified by health practitioners as the risk of recruitment. So we have already identified cases where the doctors, paramedics, nurses, et cetera, the people that is attending the affected population, they have been trained and now they are able to identify a child on risk of recruitment and then establish immediate action with the protection cluster to attend that specific individual case. Thank you so much. Well, and the other one is, how we managed to respond to health to a protection focus and this is what it implies. Recognizing, for example, the overloads that you have to be careful of, that you have the communities... No, but I can come. To... You see, I'm coming. Go ahead. Recognizing, for example, the overloads of care tasks that many women have, to access health services that many times they go for the little ones, but that if you don't have a differential focus and a protection focus on health response, they can't access them and they can't recognize the risks that they have in health. The other is, for example, the children and the girls, how we have differential focus for mental health response, but also physical health, how we have this programmatic focus or that intersectional focus for the response. And finally, let's say we're going to address the last two points, the management issue of cases. How do we recognize that the management of cases, for example, in health, the protocol that we have built from the cluster has a protection focus when recognizing that many times health can be a tip of everything it requires. So we have found cases of PDIH, for example, in children and girls that are all activated by the child and the girl, and when we identify the product of sexual violence, of other violence in the family, that if we address it in an appropriate way, we can prevent them. So having a protocol of management of cases for the cluster with a protection focus allows us to address other risk factors or decrease, for example, the habitability on the street. Dr. Laura, you got muted. You have stayed on mute? All right. All right, perfect. Yes, or recognize, for example, the risk of the women who have, or most of them are women who have to bring the children with chronic diseases to other cities without resources, and that ends with a habitability on the street or with sexual and commercial exploitation. So having that look of an integral focus allows us to have more relevant answers. Thank you, Dr. Laura. She was giving us several examples of how they keep mainstream protection all across the different tools and approaches that the cluster is taking into consideration. So it's like to have health strategy. I will try to summarize all the last points. Health strategy is with a protection on focus. So to have really the lenses of what will happen when a mother needs to take their kids to the health facilities, they are going to be attended because for sure the mother will put them as priority, but then is not taking herself into consideration. Also connected with the cases where for specialized services, even if the access to health is granted, that woman, that mother needs to move from one city to another without financial resources, and that puts immediately that person on the risk that it can end up on the street without having access to a shelter or potential risk of sexual exploitation for trying to get some negative coping mechanism for access into income. The connection as well between on-case men, which is overall rational of having the protection mainstream all across the case management, and that also covers the children that it goes to mental health, but also physical health, and so it was highlighting, like for instance, some cases of children that they have HIV and that can have many implications about the reasons why that child got affected by the disease and it can go for any kind of level of abuse, et cetera, et cetera. So what the health cluster is doing, and together with the protection cluster is to define all these tools and this capacity building in order to ensure that whenever, as Eva was mentioning, protection is not only health, but health definitely is also protection. There are these kind of summary. That will be all from my side, Laura, and I don't know if you want to comment on anything else. There's something you want to say to Gabriela. I'll pass it on to you. I'm going to say hello to you. I'm speaking at least to Benjamín.  Hello, everyone. I'm sorry. I was just with my baby for us in Colombia. This is a really early time today, so... It is, sorry. Apologies for that. No, it's just, you know, how life is. Actually, I just want to say I think Laura covered our relationship. As you can see, health and protection clusters, we have this really close and smooth relationship, and we have found that this framework, this joint operational framework, will help us actually trying to be more operative. I don't know how to say that, more operational probably, and effective in the way we articulate. When we were just, you know, seeing the document and just going through the different core functions and everything, we found out that we have been working together more than we thought. And we started analyzing that the whole relationship we had, we haven't actually magnified it. We didn't actually identify it. We have been working together so closely for such a long time, that just starting to see these core functions and identifying them, it was amazing. So at the beginning of it, this has been great for us, and I think it will help us organize and operate this good relationship that we already have and implemented, not only at a closer coordination level, but also in our organizations as well. So that's great, and thank you very much for that. I just wanted to say that, but thank you, Boris, and thank you, Laura. Hello, Gabriela, Laura. Thank you so much to both of you. Gabriela is our Danish refugee council and Norwegian refugee council co-coordinator in Colombia. Benjamin is his kid, which is one of the coolest in the country. He's always in good mood, impossible to get annoyed. I don't know how this guy does it, but very much, Mies, and thank you. De nuevo, gracias a las dos. Gracias por estar aquí. And apologies because it's very early. At the moment it's like seven o'clock in the morning, back in Colombia. Much appreciated. Laura, Gabriela, muchísimas gracias. If you need to go for breakfast, go for breakfast. If you want to stay for the rest of the session, stay and we can keep discussing. Because we will have some round, vamos a hacer una pequeña ronda de preguntas y respuestas con los colegas. But moving back to English and for keep moving with the session, I will give again the floor to Eva, which is going to help us to get through the rest of the core functions and finalize the presentation of what is the operational framework. Over to you, Eva. Great, so just before we open the floor to all the participants who have joined today, I'll just briefly touch upon the last three core functions. And thank you so much for the interventions from IRC and from Columbia. I think it really helps ground everything and to see how it really relates to all the different types of actors. So one thing I actually only said was around the indicators and monitoring what we're doing together or not. And so this really comes out in our core function for is how are we doing it and are we doing it well? Getting those indicators right can be tricky. We have, and not wrongly, but we have lots of different groups. We work in different ways. We track different things. How can we say we've made an impact, for example, for women suffering violence, GBV cases? How do we know that we're doing well or not to make sure they're able to access all the services that they are entitled to and fulfill their respectful human rights? What are those indicators? Have we jointly talked about it? Do we have the same denominator even? When we have child protection, MHPSS services, what does that look like?  It just helps complete that whole picture. And so, yeah, just making sure we're jointly doing this. And many of our organizations across the tool. So I'm sure, you know, Save the Children, ISE, there's lots of different organizations who work across health and protection probably have those same internal conversations themselves. So just touching on that explains on that. The next slide, please, is around really capacity building and this drives home with localization, grand bargain commitments, but really to prepare our national counterparts, our national partners, both preparedness and contingency planning, but all parts of it, you know, within the joff, we gave examples, for example, Cox Bazaar, where there's great collaboration between GBV and SRH on ensuring that GBV survivors have access to the full gamut of services they're entitled to, also in DRC. I mean, we know that probably may be our strongest of where we're doing much more than any other sector, but there is a very clear way of working that's developed over the years with much kudos in respect to both the GBV AORs as well. It's those working in sexual and reproductive health and crisis, you know, they've really led the way on this. And I think there's a lot to learn also with regards to how they work for other sectors, but you know, that is critical part of it and definitely ensuring the localization aspect. Once we're not there, the first responders, as Laura has just said, the local partners are often health as well, but had we make sure we're able to identify and see what those priority populations that need services. So that's called function five. And then our last one just to highlight is probably something that we all know intrinsically, especially with the deterioration in humanitarian needs in many contexts. Sudan this week, for example, I know we're all dealing with it, partners rushing on the ground, running between meetings, I am. But you know, we're a violence conflict and you know, armed conflict can really affect any access to service includes harm to the population, but attacks on healthcare is definitely enshrined as it is with schools in the MRM, but under international humanitarian law, attacks on healthcare is very much in contravention to that it should be protected. These are basic life-saving services that need to be done. There's a lot of advocacy happening from national all the way up to global, from actors all the way to the Secretary General on this and we've been seeing those come out, but ensuring that joint advocacy is really key. And I think one great example is in OPT where health and protection, we have a very difficult situation there. Sometimes when it's impossible to refer patients out from EG Gaza or even West Bank, there are joint communications between protection and health with regards to protection of civilians on this is a basic life-saving services. So there's a lot of good work already being done, but we contribute to each other. Again, health is not just health, it contributes to protection outcomes and protection definitely affects health. I'm not going to go into other examples because there are numerous, but it's just to say that building on, that joint building on the evidence, building on everything that the work is done, that we feed into those global advocacy, as well as national, as well as local interventions that we're meant to be doing. So on that note, I'm going to not talk about four factions anymore and hand over, I think it's to Boris or to Emma to open it to the floor, I believe. Same, same. Thank you so much, Eva. Yes, Emma is going to help us with the questions and answers so colleagues, dear participants, if you have any comment, any question, something that you would like to share to discuss or to ask to any of the speakers in this session or to the rest of our participants as well, please now is the moment and we can just dedicate. There is not a particular order, yes. Feel welcome and let's go for it. Everyone's being very shy. So, Emma. So it is my hand. Oh, great, sorry, great. Safiq, yes, please go ahead. Yeah, Safiq, I help cluster coordinator for the cross-border operations in Best in Gaziantap. So just I have few points. One important point is related to the advocacy, joint advocacy efforts. So I think this is a very important area in our case in the post-article situation, the medical referral from North Miss Syria into Turkey is suspended, was suspended for a few weeks after the earthquake because the hospitals in the border area, they were impacted and there were cracks and damages on the Turkish border side. So we started the joint advocacy efforts to restart the medical referral from North Miss Syria from Aleppo into Turkey to facilitate the patients who need specialized healthcare services in different hospitals. So one of the big hospital was the Hatay Hospital, which was damaged during the earthquake in the... So we were looking for alternate solution, alternate facilities to accommodate the medical referral from North Miss Syria into Turkey. So we started joint efforts with the protection, especially with the Chad Protection AOR, with the Deputy Regional Humanitarian Coordinator with the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs to get approval. So we have succeeded in that effort. So this is just a practical example that how joint efforts and joint advocacy efforts by both protection and health cluster works in a complex humanitarian crisis, especially in the post-natural disaster situation. Another important point I would like to highlight is the Code Function 4, which is the indicator for monitoring and evaluation. So I think one important tool is the GI, the Joint Intersectoral Assessment Framework, which is a very important... I mean, although it's not very successful so far, but it's very important tool in terms of joint collaboration between clusters and sectors to have a, I mean, more joint indicators for monitoring of the needs and severity of needs in conflict situation also, of course, in the post, I mean, in the disaster crisis situation. The third important point is, Kulik mentioned from Columbia, the MHV assist, which is one of the key health area, not only health, but of course it's more cross sectoral, but the clinical side is more under the health response. So we have a very good example, practical example, especially the two issues by Kulik from Columbia, I mentioned the suicide attempts and the drug abuse, the substance abuse issue. So we are jointly tackling these two issues, not only with protection, with other education and other clusters also. So there are certain areas, specific areas, if we can identify those joint areas, I know you will be working more on those through the framework. I was not mentioning the presentation, but in the framework it will be more highlighted, but we need to work jointly at the country level also to identify some of those practical areas, like I mentioned the cross-border referral from one country to another. This is one example. So we can share more as cluster coordinators from field, from country clusters. Thank you. And you can respond to us live, Ari. Thank you, that's wonderful. Thank you, Mohamed, it's so good to hear your voice. No, indeed, just for me to give you a very quick, thank you so much for the great overview regarding all the activities that you are carrying out and good luck with the work ahead. And we know that there are hard times at the moment with you, so all the support. But yes, I was smiling when you mentioned the question of the GF. The GF to point serious about to can and believe me, with the colleagues of health and the protection we have been working for the last two years to make it a bit better. It will never be perfect, but you know that questions of access to health and attacks to health facilities whenever it's pertinent to taking into consideration is taking into account for the overall intersectoral analysis as well. But here I would like to highlight also the good collaboration with the global health colleagues in this process. We are meeting on a weekly basis at least. So soon you will hear more from us. Over to you, Eva. I guess that you have any additional comment? I think you're, I'm really proud of all the work that you impressed, not proud. Impressed by the work that you're doing with all the colleagues that have been working so hard. And you know, you're right. Absolutely, Medevac or referrals, especially between over countries is a very tough one. And so just, just for everyone to be aware, there, this is a tool that's seen as a groundwork, it's a framework, it's defining our responsibilities. There are lots of tools or checklists or specific things that need addressing that hopefully will, you know, help catalyze will be able to purge and if it's around Medevac, it's around referrals of whatever those may be. So we want to address those gaps. This is around the accountability and responsibility. This is a basic, basic actions that can be done. And then specific things will be guided by you. Absolutely. I mean, I think you're absolutely right. There are so many needs and gaps and I think this is just a great opportunity for us to now catalyze what those technical things will look like. You've already done, as you've seen, it may be that we just follow your protocol and use that and see if it's applicable for others, see if it's a good practice. But there's just so much that you are already doing that we can learn from. So thank you from that. Boris, I just want to highlight there are two excellent questions in the chat. So if they want to set it with us in plenary, please go ahead. Yeah. Camilla, I'm going to ask you because this is a great, great... Thanks so much. And thank you so much for this. And it's got four likes. Yeah, just thank you very much for this discussion. It's really very helpful. I'm actually a colleague from the development side more from HelpAge International, but I've been supporting colleagues from the humanitarian side too. And a key thing that comes up quite a lot in our work is the overlap around care and support. So when it was great to see your introduction and the very broad understanding of health as all the social side as well. And obviously with older people, we've got the full continuum of health and care related needs. So we're always talking about health and care. But obviously there's quite a lot of overlap there when it comes to protection. And so I was just wondering if that's an issue that you've addressed at all in your work or come across and yeah, how if there's any good examples that you could share or information. Maybe not examples, just if that's an issue that you've come across. And yeah, I'm interested in reflections. Thanks so much. If you want, I can give a couple of inputs because Camila, as you know, HelpAge is also a partner of the Protection Cluster and we are working a lot on the integration of aging and disability. We work very closely with Luciana and with Rahuang that is part of our team. And things that we can be doing. By the third of June, the question of integrating elder people, older people in the overall analysis for the humanitarian needs overview, that will be one of the liberals of the current project that you are carrying out. For instance, there are the different modules for helping the identification of needs of older people all across. I also consider that what is the framework at the moment, the joint operational framework is a strategic, it's a kind of the big overarching approach. And then this is implemented at country level. So but from our side and from the side, definitely from health. When we talk about analysis that can be the area that I'm working the most, the integration of older people all across the risk and needs. This is, therefore, is there. And we have improved. I'm former HelpAge myself from many years ago and we have improved from 10 years back to now. Well, over to you Eva, in case that you want to add something else. Yeah, I mean, just to reiterate from the outside of what Boris has just said, it's very, for us, it's that identity. I mean, this is just basic AAP as well, but for quality health care and leaving no one behind, it's really understanding the different needs, the different barriers of all the different groups. I think we wrote it once within the joff itself because there's a long list of vulnerable groups. It's just about vulnerable groups is that capacities as well. It's about external threats. So risks is how we're really thinking about it. And COVID was very clear, older people, that was very specifically an older people health threat. And then older people in humanitarian situations are even more left behind. So it's quite horrible. Really, if we look at, you know, vaccination coverage of older people in IDP camps, I think it's awful. It's just, it's awful. I actually was the focal point on that, still am. However, there is a lot of good synergies going on. If we think about Shopee Krusty-Stone, I know they have a disabilities working group there and that includes older people. And they do a lot of work regarding the barriers for older people and health care. It's very interesting what you're saying about care. As in social care, I would presume in that. I think we probably could have a bit more to do with, but we do have to do well upon this. Lots of things, for example, in the spirit guidance, which I was part of as well, has had multi-sectorally older populations. It might be incontinence sheets. It might be sheets. It might be food. It might be aids. There's so many things. And it really is a cross-sectoral thing. So however that goes forward, we're more than happy to have that conversation. And hopefully, that is very context dependent on how those coordination groups that are country-level. It's not a no, it's a yes. If you've identified it as a need, let's make this happen. I know we've got a comment from Samarit Meles about Cox Bazaar. And I know they work very, very strongly across and she's even written in there about age and disability. And actually it was the protection actors in Cox's Bazaar who the community protection actors working group and community protection actors who helped sometimes literally carrying older people to the health facility to get their vaccinations. And we have pictures on those. We have loads of stories. I mean, it's an amazing success to all those on the ground. I know Francis is on the call right now, but there are great examples of collaboration. I mean, that was very health specific, but the wider needs of older people of course is a multi-sectoral effort. Absolutely, thank you so much. I really appreciate those responses. And yeah, and as you're saying, it's a holistic approach, the person centred and then designing those integrated responses. So it's great to hear about so much of that work. And obviously I'm quite familiar with lots and colleagues putting stuff in the chat too. So thank you. Great. What are some of the... There is one from the next one. If I'm not wrong, the next one is from Elisabeth Flint. Beth, do you want to say it with us? Go ahead, how are you doing? Hello, hello everyone. Hello, yeah, no, this is really fascinating. So thank you for the opportunity to join. I'm with the GPC at the moment, working on trying to find out from the clusters whether trafficking is embedded in protection responses. And so I'm obviously thinking about intersections with other clusters as well, even though the focus for this study is protection clusters. And I just wondered whether through developing this framework and the work that you've been doing, whether you've identified any particular gaps in knowledge around certain protection risks. And you mentioned the example of the role of healthcare professionals as first responders that they may be coming across potentially the most vulnerable. And I just wondered, yeah, whether you've identified any particular gaps in knowledge or capacity in certain protection risk areas. Is Boris getting off you? I don't know.  So many, so many gaps. I would just say that. So many. Boris, I'll let you come in afterwards just because I've already started. But in fact, at the global level even, at our level, there was a lot of, it was a learning experience for this operational framework. It started in 2019. We had a country case that is really learning from the field. It was a learning process for ourselves to understand what protection risk is, what that means for health, isn't a health risk. Something that increases the likelihood of death or illness or otherwise isn't that a protection risk. And it's like, well, yes, of course, if someone, you know, so it depends on the context and it depends what it is. So we're often not speaking the same language. We don't understand as I think Boris said at the beginning. So yes, right from top to bottom, bottom to top. There's a lot of education that needs to be done on this. And that's why we said, grateful. We've finally got to this point right now. There's a good work that Child Protection is doing. For example, on working with health and just the other, a few weeks ago or a few months ago, like what's case management for you? What's case management for you? And, you know, just the identification of cases. And we're like, well, identification for health is something else compared to child protection. So there's a lot of avenues. I'm not going to bring them up now because it won't be in any, it will be a stream of consciousness rather than any sort of prioritized rationale behind it. But there is a lot. And, but there's a lot that we're doing. And so again, it's about, I think our next steps, we, the vision is, is that we bring in all the wonderful things that countries are already doing, making sure we have that standardized systematized so that everyone across all contexts and all partners can utilize and leverage this. MCBAR. Thank you so much, Eva. Just maybe to add a couple of words more. And trying to use the example of primary health system and mental health. You know that the primary health system is the one that identifies the potential case for mental health services within the public, between the health system. And one of the key aspects that it was important to work with, it was to ensure that the health practitioner at primary health center can identify the case and can activate the referral mechanism to more specialized services whenever it was. So if that is applied to protection, as we have been repeating all across the session, it's a question of common sense. But sometimes it's the possibility that the Dr. Aloura was mentioning about the referrals or the case management, et cetera. It's not about training them about the whole scope of the question. It's just to train them or to tell them that this possibility exceeds and it can be activated. And when you see this trace or this proof, that can imply many other things more. But at the same time, this versa, as Dr. Aiba was mentioning, is very much required to help the protection actors to understand which one is the profile of health. Because sometimes we have misconceptions of ways of understanding how the health is working that is not exactly adapted to the reality. So it's into ways that more than a capacity building in terms of training and on every single detail is just to tell them and to share. And I think that the payoff is like the first step for ensuing that we articulate this on a standard rise of systematic way. It's more speaking, always there is a point for consensus. That will be all over to you. Thank you both. That's really, really helpful. Great question, though. Okay, all runs coming in. There is a question from Patrick Kulver or Patrick Kulver. Patrick, do you want to share it with us? Yeah, absolutely. Thank you so much. First, this has been a great session. I really have appreciated this. It's been fantastic. So thank you. My question is really around the idea of implementation of action in terms of coordination beyond just the coordinating pieces. And I think as emergency actors, we're all very used to getting around the table, having conversations, but that doesn't always translate when it comes to that next piece where there's implementation and action together. And so my question is really, what are the best practices that you've seen work in terms of especially in the early days of an emergency response? How do you translate good collaboration and coordination into direct action that affect outcomes? Yeah. That's like the time is the biggest and most essential question. You thought you had to have the heart of coordination, Mr. Patrick. Yeah. I mean, there is good practice. Let's put it that way. COVID-19, we saw a heck of a lot of good practice. We had operational feasibility for any intervention. It was terrible. People couldn't move. People were locked down. We couldn't relocate staff. Multiple times we saw integrated and people just forced into integrated programming. It was, you know, I'm going to go back to GBV and SRH because I seem to follow it up.  In some cases, you know, and even in Afghanistan right now, we have a field meal aid worker ban, but healthcare workers exempt. So there's, you know, many organizations have naturally said, well, what can we include in our health team? Realistically, feasibly, you know, can we include and do more around child protection? Can we do more around GBV services, et cetera? So there's already stuff going on. It's very, very difficult. It would be a shame to say we only do it when operational feasibility is terrible. But, you know, in general, there is the shift for humanitarian response to become more efficient, whether it's through area-based coordination or otherwise to be more integrated. There are plans which have integrated, you know, multi-sector response within it. It's the next step and how can we do that better? Maybe I'll talk to, maybe there's some of the cluster coordinators on the call can explain better. But I don't want to blame the donors as well, but the whole thing needs to be conducive, you know, for that joint programming. I mean, there's that, you know, I'll do it if you do it on the goodwill type of it, but then kind of a response where we accommodate and do it together. And that, of course, is kind of around the table. But institutionally, more systematically, we need that planning in place. We need a better idea of, you know, well, how many community workers, multi-sectoral community workers, do we need or not to provide XYZ services? And I'm just going to bring something up, which is really key, which was in call function one, which we talked about. And it's actually a commitment from the Grand Bargain as well, World Humanitarian Summit, sorry, the World Humanitarian Summit is around standardized packages of services, the minimum services. If you know what you're meant to deliver and if you've contextualized it for across sectors, if I know from GBV, if I know from child protection, if I know from protection, what is meant to be done at the, you know, what populations are entitled to within this context, then together you can say, oh, well, this is what I can do and this is what you can do. This is where this may be done with X number of community workers or not. So we're trying to develop all those things for a more efficient response, but for a more integrated response. But there is good practice, but there's still lots more we can do. But that's the next step. Indeed, a step by step. Patrick, your question is fantastic because as I was telling you, you touched the heart of coordination. I can give some light, good experiences that they came to my mind from some of the examples that we were having during the session, but at the end, the success of any decision beyond communication, et cetera, is the commitment and the common effort from the decision makers, but at the same time from the coordination and particularly from the frontline workers, these are colleagues that we have from Health and Protection to keep that light on and to make it to the last consequences if it's needed. That depends when the people is, what we need to do and I started to use the examples. I saw that Norita, one of our colleagues from Colombia, which sees a front line in one of the sub-national offices, is participating in this call at the moment. We need to convince her, and once she's convinced and then the colleague from Health that is in the same sub-national unit gets convinced, then the things, it will happen. That's why we were insisting in a way that simple, adaptable, this can be done, this is not rocket science, we will have some operational constraints and challenges, but this is common sense and it may happen. Another example making abuse of Colombia is what Dr. Laura was mentioning about the analysis in Buenaventura, if you remember, it was, Buenaventura is an operational office, they are operational practitioners, they needed to make a deeper analysis and they put everyone together, all the health factors to make that product that is much inspired to the, is similar to the protection analysis updates that we have, because they saw that this tool, this approach works, so they make it in the same, they started to produce this and that provokes the facilitation of the interaction when they get the approach to the protection actors, but always going back to the bottom line. We have a sentence in Spain, an analogy that we said we pray to God, but we work with our hands, no? So the key decision makers is fine, but then we need these two hands to make it happen. When we have that, then anything is possible, no? Over to you Anza, I apologize if you got too long. Thank you. Great, I'm not seeing any hands up, but Marion Staunton, she does have, oh, there's one. We have Anelisa, please Anelisa. Oh, okay, fine. Marion, we'll come to you afterwards, but yeah. Can you hear me? Yes, we can, please go ahead. So nice to meet you all, I'm from the ICRC, from the International Committee of the Red Cross, and actually it's a very short comment. I wanted to congratulate you, of course, for the document and to say that for us, it's a big gain to have the job in place, especially for the element of bringing a highlight on the issue of attacks against healthcare. We know that W.A. Joe has been working with this for the past decade or so, when trying to include that more and more in the work of the health clusters, and I'll see that being a joint effort from both clusters for us as something really, it's a momentum that really should be taken up to avoid having just that look as being protection of healthcare, being something a bit outside of the strong intervention of protection in these humanitarian contexts. Colombia specifically is a country that has an amazing job with that, so I appreciate also to have them here giving their, sharing their examples, but yeah, just to say that we really appreciate the mention of this specific topic and the way that it was spread out throughout the whole of the job, so congratulations to you guys. You've read it. I can't believe it. I'm very impressed. It's only been out a week. Thank you so much, that makes me feel warm inside. Boris, I'll let you respond to that. But Ulta, just say... What else but to say, thank you, Annalisa. This comment is very much appreciated, particularly coming from you. Yeah. Thank you so much. And yes, it's still work to do, but we will keep working on that. Yeah. And if you need any time to see how we are working on integrating, as Mohamed was mentioning in the joint intersectional analysis, the TAC, to help facilities together with health, et cetera, as it reach us any time, and we can have a chat, know about how we are trying to keep including it and making it present. And not only to help facilities, but also school for educational facilities, know, but happy to. With pleasure. I'd be happy to meet up. Thank you so much. For getting touch with us. Well, we can just have the emails here in the chat. And anytime. I just have to say Hyojung is, who's the lead on attacks on healthcare from WHO. She's on the line right now. I'm not sure if she's listening to Hyojung, because I know we're all multitasking with thousands of emergencies right now. But Hyojung, if there's any comment you wanted to say, right now. Number one, thank you very much for your words. Thanks so much. Yes, I'm online. And thanks Annalisa for that comment. I think it was actually a bit of a joint effort from everybody on the attack side. I know we work very closely on the attack. And again, we've always talked about the need to include, it's not just for the health side, but for the protection and bring the two together. So I think it was all of us who were trying to bring that together. And thank you to Boris and Eva for allowing us to integrate this as part of the job. Because I think it's also, as Annalisa mentioned, it is a big step forward for us to really try to implement the what next there are attacks. Now what can we do to really protect this healthcare service delivery points from attacks? And I think it was a really great step forward. Thank you. Great. So if it's okay, there was a comment previously from Marion. Oh, no, not Marion. Sorry, Marion. Was it Marion? It was Marion. Marion, you've given so many comments. That's wonderful. Around palliative care and home-based care and support. And I'd love for you to talk about that. Because again, in Sphere, we have a standard on palliative care that came in 2018, but it's a really important topic that we're definitely talking a lot about within health. So over to you. Thank you very much for a really very, very interesting session. And I'm very happy. I'm a health-adjusted global advisor on protection and mental health psychosocial support. I'm a psychologist in a previous life. Working in this sector for a very long time. And I love to see this integration and what you've talked about. You've spoken very well to my colleague Camilla's question in relation to care and support with older populations. Another colleague within this group asked about tools. Let's start with the basics. And the basics I mentioned said, sex, age, disability, disaggregated data. That's what we have to keep hammering on about in relation to really understanding the needs, the risks and the capacities of those that we work with for us particularly older people. Palliative care is coming more and more into the discussion. I know that in Sphere, there's a wee paragraph. Maybe it's longer, right? So I haven't read it for a while. It's got a standard, yeah. And it's something that within HelpAge, we are exploring and working on more. We have recently onto our team a global health advisor and he has a lot of experience in relation to palliative care. So I was just putting that out there for discussion and also home-based care. And for us, what we're talking about in relation to that and it's clearly linked with protection risks are those most at risk isolated older people who are at home for various reasons, whether it be disabilities and other reasons cannot get out of the shelter where they are and the kind of support that they would need. And this clearly is the link with health and protection. So that's really all I have to say more than a question. It's just thrown out a few comments there. But thank you, colleagues. I mean, it's wonderful because I think even just talking with everyone in this funny little environment online, we're getting so many views and so much more understanding of how health and protection interact. Let's put it all aside. If we all just had a people-centered approach and just thought about me or my family, if it was us, then what would my mom have to face to be able to access healthcare if there's bombing? What is she going to do if she can't get there? What does it mean for my daughter to be able to go and get education or get water or whatever it is? So if we just kept having people-centered approach basics of AAP, really, then we'd be fine. We'd all go, all right, we need this. But we have operational expertise, which is also really important, because we know how to respond in that, but we've got to, if you understand the needs first, it all should be much better. And so really great for the job. I am going to put a little plug for palliative care and as you brought it up, I just have to say in humanitarian emergencies, we call them humanitarian emergencies, number one, because the needs outstrip the ability to provide, but generally there's a higher death rate and a higher illness rate. So we know that people are going to die more in our context than compared to the wider population. So why haven't we thought of how people have that end of life care? It's not health, it's psychosocial, it's protection, it's everything, it's dignity, it's picking up the phone, making sure that they can reach their family members, maybe spiritual support, maybe there are commodities that'll help in the home or not. But I think we just have to realise that the indicator for a crisis is very much to do with elevated mortality and death. So we all want to save lives, but also making sure that end of life is dignified. Doesn't have to be huge interventions is a big one. So it's the beginning of the palliative care journey, it's not a health one, it's everyone one. So yeah, I'm looking forward to us getting stronger on that side. Well, you agree, thank you very much. And Boris, I'm going to hand over to you because you've got three minutes left. I just wanted to thank as well Marion for the wonderful intervention, that was very much appreciated and definitely. There are three minutes before we, this session arrives to one end, but if there is any kind of last common question from any of the participants, please go ahead. And otherwise, if you agree Eva, we will start giving an end to this session. And I think that I can speak on behalf of both of us of such a wonderful time. We have been working a lot in order to make this year of a reality. And now when we've said it with the colleagues, when we speak with you, we see that we were in the right way. For sure there are ways that there are aspects that they will need to be improved. No, no hesitation, but there is a big step. No, and that makes us a particularly happy and we really appreciate your participation. I will just keep in, I will just invite you to keep in mind a couple of the key messages. No, and then a small story that happened during the process of the production of the year off, which is common sense, is not rocket science and it's possible to be achieved. And it really makes a difference and a great impact. So please take your own ownership of the year off from now on, make it yours in case that you need any kind of support from the cluster at country level, at global level, don't hesitate to reach us anytime. We will keep making noise and communications and trying to spread and launch the year off as much as possible in the coming period. So stay online as well and aware in case that you want to participate more actively in any of the activities. Again, at country level, at global level and then a small story. It happened during the discussions. Eva asked me for a very important question. I'm very important meeting because we needed to discuss something critical. And when she started to explain it, it was because health, she was telling me in the summary of the discussion, health is also protection. How you feel with that Boris? And my feedback it was, thank you so much Eva. You are the first sector that you are acknowledging that also is protection but I will take your word and I will invite you to convince the other sectors to do the same. So very much welcome. Very much, very much congratulations for having given that step and we will keep working together. This is a common effort. There are not, the great goes to all the colleagues that Eva was mentioning at the beginning that they were working very hard to make it happen. To our consultant, Jordan Davidoff that he was managing wonderfully all the discussions, feedbacks, different versions, et cetera. And now it's a reality, let's make it happen.  Absolutely a wonderful session. Eva, if you want some final words? Just to say thank you to everyone online today. It's been a great, great discussion. And we hope, keep that, any feedback, please give it. We are open for it is not a one way thing. It's two way and we can only get stronger with your inputs, thanks. Absolutely, thank you to each of you and every one of you have a lovely evening or afternoon and talk to you soon, goodbye.


A few weeks before the presidential election, a clergyman, pastor, Addisheyeh, Saint-Fouillier, says the Central Bank of Nigeria's cashless policy may be a hindrance to election participation despite upsurge awareness. Saint-Fouillier made this known in an interview with our correspondent Habibat Ajayi, lamenting the hardship Nigerians go through before accessing their hard-earned money. He urged the CBN governor, Godwin Amirfalli, to fine-tune the policy for a hitch for election. Junior, a lot of people do not vote. That is the truth of the matter. Maybe it is only during this election that we will have the upsurge of election in view of the fact that the mobilization is quite heavy. So, but if the situation is such that people will not be able to feed because of government policy, people I think may not go for election where they are searching for food, where they are searching for water, where they are searching for electricity, when it is not possible for them to move from one place to the other, the view of the fact that the transportation now is very, very expensive and the naira, the exchange, the exchange, the problem of the swap of naira, the problem is there. So, we should just try as much as possible to fine-tune the policy. The policy remains that it is hotting the people, that the situation will not be so turbulent as to disallow the election. We want to appeal to the government, the central bank governor, to fine-tune the policy. This policy at this auspicious time. Hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Liverpool manager Jurgen Klopp has given reasons for branding the Africa Cup of Nations Tournament as a little tournament. This was after a Nigerian journalist confronted him. Ojo Ababatsunde of OJBE Sports had confronted the coach. Klopp explained to the offended journalist that his remark was a way of expressing his frustration at losing vital players at an important stage of the season. Liverpool has said to lose Mohamed Salah, Nabi Keita and Saaji Omani for the most long tournament which runs from January 9 to February 6, 2022.