I'm Salvatore Babonis and I'm lecturing today on pre-global or pre-modern world systems. The world today is composed of a single global social system, but of course that wasn't always the case. Previous worlds were smaller units that contained most of the interactions among people in a number of discrete units called world systems. In this pre-global world, social problems were mainly contained within a particular world system, though there were connections between world systems, particularly between the world systems that were located on the Afro-Eurasian landmass. Presumably there were also connections among the world systems of the pre-Columbian landmass, but very little historical evidence survived the Holocaust of the Spanish conquest of the Americas. The conventional history of civilization in Eurasia focuses on the large empires of the northern temperate zone. Now of course I put civilization in big quotation marks because here I mean large-scale city-based societies. Many other kinds of societies had civilization in the sense of culture and society, but they didn't have large cities and highly concentrated populations. By the first century AD, there existed a belt of civilizations of organized polities running east-west across the middle of Eurasia, from the Chinese Empire in the east through to various Indian empires, the Parthian Empire, and across to the Roman Empire in the west. Other societies existed as well all over the world, but today's globalized world is overwhelmingly dominated by the heirs of these ancient Eurasian civilizations, who through colonization or conquest came to dominate most of the rest of the world. The geography of Eurasia naturally led to the creation of three semi-bounded zones of interaction that coalesced into world systems. World systems are more or less bounded social systems and one shares much more social interaction within the system than across system boundaries. These systems are called quote-unquote world systems because from the standpoint of the people inside them, they represent an entire world. They represent the entire world that has meaning for people inside the system. So for example, a typical Roman would understand the Roman world as her or his world and wouldn't really give much thought to India or China. The same might be said of an Indian or a Chinese person of the same period. The hyphen in the term world system indicates that each system covers a world, but not necessarily the world. That is, these are not necessarily systems that span the entire global world. Instead, they are systems that span a world, a world system. World systems are multifaceted social systems that are larger than a society or what we would now call a country. Most theorists follow the German sociologist Max Weber in identifying three major types of social systems that together make up society, cultural systems, economic systems, and political systems. All societies have systems like this, but societies may not be well-bounded. The cultural system that exists in one society may actually spread well beyond that society. For example, the American cultural system clearly extends into Canada, or the Chinese economic system clearly expands into the rest of East Asia. The cultural, economic, and political systems of a world system are geographically bounded. That is, for a world system, the cultural, economic, and political systems do not bleed out into the rest of the world beyond that world system. In ancient times, the Roman world system included a culture based on Latin and ultimately on Christianity, an economic system based on trade in the Mediterranean basin, and a political system of the Roman Empire. And today, the cultural, economic, and political system of the world are all bounded by a single global world system. Even though world systems are bounded, a low level of interaction does occur between them. For example, the famous Silk Road connecting China and the East with the Roman world in the West. The Silk Road reached its height in the first two centuries AD, when both the Han and the Roman Empires were powerful, and there was relative peace in the lands in between them. China's earliest major export was silk, thus the Silk Road. Silk is produced by silkworms, and China is still the world's major center of silk production, followed by India in a distant second place. The Roman and Chinese worlds and their world systems were aware of each other. Fascinatingly, in 166 AD, a Roman embassy arrived and visited the Han court in China. There are Han records of this visit, which is just truly incredible that 2,000 years ago, Roman visitors were visiting China. There are also records of private individuals visiting the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire, coming from China over land. Roman and Chinese geographers were certainly aware of each other's existence. The Romans called the Chinese series as in the silk people. Syraculture is the culture of silk. Series is the Latin word for silk. And some Romans even complained that rich Romans were spending too much money on luxuries from the East. Similarly, China was aware of Rome. They called Rome the Tachin, the great country to the West. But they saw the Romans mainly as a place full of acrobats and conjurers. They didn't really want any of the products of the Roman Empire. Another amazing bit of ancient history is the survival of a village in Gansu province that at least some people claim was settled by Roman colonists to facilitate the silk trade. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the major bridge across Eurasia became the nomadic steppe kingdoms. These were on again, off again nomadic empires that sometimes connected China and the West and then at other times disappeared or disintegrated into individual tribes. These kingdoms included the Turkish Empire, various Arab empires, the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan, the next later Mongol Empire under Timur Lane or Timur the Lame. The steppe kingdoms were important for facilitating trade, but they also taxed trade very heavily and wanted to control it themselves. Ming China in the 1400s attempted to develop a maritime route to the West on the maritime Silk Road and sent the famous admiral Zheng He on his voyages in the 1400s from China all the way to East Africa. But ultimately nothing came of these voyages and they ended with no permanent settlement by China of the lands in between China and the West. The overland Silk Road, the steppe nomads and the Chinese maritime Silk Road all failed to create a single Eurasian world system. The ancient world simply did not have sufficient levels of technology or sufficient organizational skills to unify the Eurasian land mass. Steppe nomads were great at destroying things, but not very good at governing or organizing. Genghis Khan's empire, which spanned an area from the Pacific Ocean to Central Europe, collapsed immediately after his death. Ming China had the capacity to integrate East and West, but not the interest to do so. The country was faced bigger threats at home from nomads on its northern border. The Zheng He voyages were extremely expensive and these expeditions, although they left many Chinese settlers around Southeast Asia, never yielded a profit. The problem from China's perspective was that even though the West wanted Chinese silk, China didn't particularly want anything from the West. It was Europe that finally integrated the global world system in the 1500s, not China. Key takeaways The three major social systems that characterize all societies are cultural, economic and political systems. Previous world systems before today were not global, but were smaller worlds that were relatively closed to outside influences. In the pre-global world, the most important integrative forces were the nomadic steppe kingdoms of Central Asia.


Communities around the world are coming together to create a more equal world. Working actively to eliminate all forms of discrimination, violence and abuse. We are not afraid of the consequences of the pandemic. Whether it is to find the best educational, economic opportunities or safety in the aftermath of conflicts and disasters. Women and girls on the road are more likely to be forced to work and to have more physical and social services. And less likely to access the social services and protection they need. The number of children is 5 kilos. The number of children is 4. Women are the first to respond to the needs of the community during the pandemic. And the work from the Church of Peace and Human Rights after the pandemic. The number of children is 5. The number of children is 5. They are the key to the family's cooperation in the pandemic and to the support of the families left behind in the pandemic. On International Women's Day, IWAM reaffirms its commitment to ensuring women and girls on the move are safe-guided from risks while encouraged and supported to become leaders. We are the equal generation. We are Generation Equality. We are Generation Equality. We are Generation Equality. We are Generation Equality.


The Jack Benny program quality of product is essential to continuing success Lucky strike means fine tobacco so wrong so firm so fully packed so free and easy on the draw LS MFT LS MFT LS MFT sure thing. That's right. Lucky strike means fine tobacco From the Civic Opera House in Chicago, Illinois the lucky strike program starring Jack Benny Mary Livingston Phil Harris Dennis Day Rochester and your trolling Don Wilson Ladies and gentlemen from Chicago, which is just a stone's throw from walkie-gan We bring you something that was thrown back and here he is Jack Benny Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Hello again. This is Jack Benny talking and Don I'm very proud of this turnout here in Chicago by this auditorium is packed. Do you know that there are? 3,724 people sitting in the audience 3,724 people how do you know I counted them as they came through the door? I forgot the tickets were free But that's all right. I'll get them at the soda pot leave it to me Well, Jack since we're broadcasting so close to walkie-gan I presume your father is in the audience. Yes. Yes. He is down He just got back from a trip to Florida Havana and Bermuda Oh, I thought your father spent most of his time at home and he used to don but since he Since he won the I can't stand Jack Benny contest. He's He's been all over him now wait a minute Jack I thought according to the rules your relatives weren't allowed to enter the I can't stand jack Benny competition down when he heard about the contest He disowned me So it was perfectly legal Jack, I'll bet you didn't get many contest letters from the people in Chicago. They seem to like you here They certainly do don't you see that reception I got at the station why they tore the shirt right off of me Of course, I don't blame them after all it isn't very often They get to see two movie stars at the same time true movie star I have a picture of Charles Boye tattooed on my chest You have oh, I don't believe it open your shirt. All right There well sure enough Charles Boye Jack. What's the idea? It's a little trick I use for close-ups. You see when I raise my arm he smiles You'll be surprised how this tattoo of boy a on my chest is helping. Oh, hello, Mary. Hello, Jack. Hello everybody He married you're certainly looking cute today. I haven't seen you since we got off the train. How about a great big kiss?  I got when I arrived in Chicago big reception Yes, when the train pulled in there there were thousands of people at the station Mayor Kelly was there There were flags flying but a big brass band too. Yes, sir. And it was all for me It was not they were welcoming a call to Cole.  You should have known when the band played keep the home fires burning. Yeah, I never thought of that Anyway, Mary here. We are in Chicago. You know, this is known as the windy city. I know Jack Yes, see I saw you chasing your hair down the street Wasn't my hair I was chasing it happened to be a cat a cat Yes, a cat then why were you trying to cook the back with a saucer of fit shampoo? Now if you can't be nice to me think of boy a Besides there are a lot of my friends here from walkie-gain. Oh, that's right. Jack your hometown is close to Chicago, isn't it close? Well, I could take a silver dollar out of my pocket and throw it as far as walkie-gain. Let me see you do it.  It is last night Frankie my guitar player wrote out a check and it was so dark He signed somebody else's name What now they got him charged with arson I said you mean forgery. Oh, I said that check was so hot it burned down the bank First you may not have bushy eyebrows, but you sure keep the country in an uproar You know Phil a prank. He did a thing like that. He must have been drinking. Oh, no Libby no, not my little Frankie. He's on the wagon. Why he hasn't had a drink that kid hasn't had a drink that's That's when wait a minute. I'm looking at my watch Phil forget about Frankie after all we came to Chicago to do a show. So let's do it. Yeah, good old Chicago This is a great town Jackson, but it's a little windy isn't it? Well, of course it. That's why they call it the windy city Yeah, yeah Say Jackson now. What was that? I saw you chasing yesterday.  I Didn't put around my head it jumped up there. Then why did it have bangs? Because it jumped on backwards What happened to anybody and Mary if I were you I wouldn't be so smart just because we're away from home You know Marshall Field is not unlike the May Company You know that ain't it won't be much fun working in the dark either say Jackson I meant to ask you how come they got this them out here in Chicago Phil don't you know what's going on Don't you read the papers. It's the kind of the cold shortage. Yeah, isn't it awful? Huh? Oh, hello Dennis Anyway, Phil Phil as I was saying it's very easy to understand you have to have coal to make electricity Last night it was so dark. I couldn't find my way back to the hotel. You couldn't they you see Phil cold is the fuel They burn in boilers three times. I fell over a fire plug As to that now they burn the coal to heat the water in the steam and then finally an old lady had to help me across the street Really then they use the scene to be a girl scout Good good then they use the steam to spin the turbines would generate the electricity Well, then how come we don't have a damn out in Los Angeles? Well out there. We don't use coal You see we get our electricity from Boulder Dam. Oh Dennis Boulder Dam is the place he said it again Look get it. I'm trying to explain something to Phil will you just be quiet and tell us time for your song Okay, but I don't know if I'll be able to sing good. I'm tired Tired. Yeah, I got an awful time on the train. It's tough trying to sleep between Mr. Harrison his guitar player I mean the two-quartered. No, they kept setting the bottle on my stomach And they were using my ear for an ashtray. Oh Well, don't worry Dennis you can get plenty of sleep while we're here in Chicago now, let's have your song Come in Yes, well here. We are mr. Benny, huh? Well, don't you remember you invited us over where the quiz kids? Oh, yes.  Oh come now mr. Benny. You're not a baby That's not what I mean when I gave you those four tickets I merely want you to come over enjoy the show buy a few bottles of soda pop and relax That's all jack. They're only kids if they want a contest. Let's give it to them But Mary you can ask them easy questions. Well, oh sure. We'll play with them have a lot of fun Well, all right kids if that's what you want, we'll do it right after Dennis Day song. Oh, thank you mr. Benny You're welcome now Dennis we're ready for your song. Oh, what are you gonna sing tonight? Well, since this is Mother's Day I'm gonna sing little mother of mine. That's mighty night Dennis and incidentally you didn't forget to send your mother something Did you? Oh, no, I sent her a big picture of me taken from the back from the back Why in the word you send her a picture like that. Well, I wanted her to see how my new suit fit She worries about things like that. I know I know So let's have your song while he's singing. I better think up some easy questions for the quiz kids Ladies and gentlemen for our feature traction We're going to have a contest between the lucky strike kid and the quiz kids these children I hear tonight to match with with Mary Livingston Don Wilson Dennis a and Phil Harris who are all wearing to go We'll learn them a fellas That gives him idea folks Now I I of course will be the quiz master. You'll be the quiz master Certainly when I went to school.  Will you knock on it? Let's get started with our questions Hold on a minute Hello I'm glad you call Rochester is the manager of the hotel find a room for me. That's why I called You got the bridal suite the bridal suite good good. Did you move all my stuff in?  Well hurry up and get that room cleaned up. Okay, but it'll take hours and hours.  I'm going to the shape read tonight Okay, I'll give you the one with the cellophane pencil child boy egg and see the floor show Good good. Goodbye Rochester. Goodbye.  Yes, sir. I went to the store and bought 85 of them 85 candles. How'd you get that many when I told the man they were for you? He just hand them over and said tell me to Benny. Happy birthday That was very nice. Goodbye Rochester And now ladies and gentlemen we're all set for the battle of wits the quiz kids versus the Benny kids and May the best team win Yes, yes better I used to know that when I went to school to them. All right, let's go And now I'll call the roll first the quiz kids. I'm Harvey I'm Harvey Bennett Fishman. I'm 15 years old and I'm a junior at the South Shore High School now Joel I'm Joe cup remit. I'm nine years old and I am in five in the photo public school Oh, yes, you're the little fellow who's so clever Mathematic tell me Joel if an egg cost five cents how much would a three egg omelet cost? 15 cents. That's right. He's ever been to the shape re You mean they they charge more there a boy is going to bed early tonight He is not we can always go out for a walk now Ruthie. I'm Ruthie. That's good I'm 11 years old and I'm in the eighth grade at the University of Chicago laboratory school. You didn't see now Richard Richard I am Richard like I'm six years old And I am one a at the Shakespeare public school six years. Oh God, it seems it seems like I Wish you could see him folks the listeners gosh. It seems like only yesterday that I was sick Yes, they're betting that must have been about 30 years ago The 31 Richard 31 have a bottle of pop on me And now for the Benny kid Philip, I'm Philip Aaron. I live in Encino, California in three nights a week I attend the Hollywood recreation pool room And he can what do you specialize in Philip the four ball in the side pop Very good very good and now Mary I am Mary living and I live in Beverly Hills And I graduated from the May Company. Oh, that's a lovely thing. Now. What did you learn there if you warn the stockings madam? You cannot exchange them Very good. Isn't she bright now Donald? I am Donald Wilson. I'm six years old and I weighed 243 pounds He's a curious one of all what is your ambition Donald? I haven't any that's why I'm so fast I thought so sit down, but easy now Dennis. I am Dennis Dennis Dennis day Dennis day. How are you Dennis? I'll be one in December Wait a minute, you'll be one. Yes, my mother's raffling me off When you're a turkey if I ever saw one and now folks that you've met all the kitties And you will proceed with the battle of width and for each question used I will score one point for the side that answers correctly and Furthermore, I am personally awarding a prize of ten dollars to the winning team. Well, that's fair enough. You'll find out Now our first question this evening comes from Mrs. Leonard Penchill of Chicago listen carefully Harvey a Choleoptera a must a domestica and a lepidoptera We're having a bit of a tete-tate on a screen door Now if you suddenly appeared with a fly swatter one of the party would leave quite hastily Which one would it be the coleoptera the musk a domestica or the lepidoptera? Have you got the answer Harvey? Well the musk a domestica would leave because it's the common house flight Oh, I mean very good very good That's That's one point for the quiz kids Now Dennis in order to be absolutely fair I'm going to ask you a question along the same line now listen carefully What fly would you associate with butter? Well, that might be a little tough so I'll put it this way Butter is associated with what fly the butterfly Ruthie. I didn't ask you Dennis you didn't hear that answer did you know I've got ashes in my ear Mary Livingston the butterfly correct and there's a point for the Benny kids both sides are even wait a minute mr Benny, sorry Harvey, but we won on a technicality Now let's see. Oh brother wait you get on their show Mary, please Now here's a problem the mathematics sent in by Clifford Gordon 10th Street walk Keegan, Illinois Well gee mr. Benny if it's a problem in mathematics just ask Joe Kuperman. Oh, I have another question From Georgia's cynic and walk Keegan, Illinois. I think you can answer this Ruthie. I'm ready mr Benny now this problem is in the field of x theology x theology. What's that? How do I know? Anyway, Ruthie named the five types of fishes in order of their development and give examples of each go ahead Besides mr. Mata, which are lamprey eels and hagfish Next comes the elastin of rank high the sharks and rays. That's right Next the gnoidy eye, which are the armored fishes After that come the teleastomy the true fishes and last of all the dip know I which are the lung fishes Isn't that amazing very good Ruthie now Philip Harris? Yeah, sir I think it's only fair that I ask you the same type of question How do you spell fish? Come on Philip go ahead. How do you spell fish? F-I-S-C-H That's right Joe fish, I know him well That's two points for the quiz kids and two points for the Benny kids Now Richard here's a problem in mathematics that comes from Dave Wolf of Chicago. Well, mr Benny if it's a problem in mathematics Why don't you ask Joe cupperman Harvey? Don't tell me how to run my contest. I'm gonna ask Richard now Richard Two men who earn four hundred and fifty dollars and a hundred and fifty dollars a month respectively Decide to build a house and divide the cost and proportion to their income Each of these two men has three sons who help with the work, but they cannot work full-time One works every day the second every other day the third every third day and so on Are you uh, are you following Richard? Yes, are you? Don't worry about me Bob Now they all work the first day and they finish the house the second day they all work together each guy has three kids Huh, they'll go away. Will you you know from nothing? Now Richard Richard one joint owner. I mean one joint owner Had to pay one thousand five hundred dollars more than the other How much is a house cost and how long did it take to build it? Well Dennis, I see you got your hand up. What is the answer butterfly? Right that's free for the Benny kids Wait a minute, we were on another question. Oh, yes. Yes. I'm sorry. Well Richard. Have you got the answer yet? Richard yes, sir $3,000 and it would take 60 days to build it excellent $1,000 and 60 days is correct. How do you know I trust Richard? Now let's see. Oh, Mr. Benny. What are the dentists button? You should job for me peeping out. Oh, yeah Well Richard earn another point for the quiz kids making a three-to-three now Mary here's your question The answer is 15 wait. I asked you I'm very concentrated if you had 20 apples and your mother took away 10 and gave you back 5 How many would you have 15 you heard me? How did you know I was going to ask you boy a told me?  Yes Thank you Richard Now Donald here's a question from bird Scott of Salt Lake City Now Donald if you were on your way to a drugstore and the drugstore was two miles away And you could make it in 17 minutes But you had across the bridge and on this particular day the bridge was washed out and you had a row of boat across the river How wide is the river? 350 feet, but there's a strong current carrying you downstream at the rate of 3.6 miles per hour So it takes you an extra 23 minutes to reach the grocery store now here's the question What would you buy when you've got there a? Package of lucky strikes Absolutely correct Now Donald why would you buy that package of lucky strikes because lucky strikes means buying the backhoe can you elaborate on that? Yes, they're so round so firm so fully packed so free and easy on the draw very good elaborated The score is now five to three and favor of the Benny kid Now Harvey here's a question for you. Well if it's mathematics after all peppermint. I just changed it the history Now listen What did the United States purchase from Denmark after World War one the Virgin Islands for 21 million dollars? You're wrong. It was 25 million. It was 21 million the United States paid 25 million dollars Jack ought to know they borrowed the money from him Certainly I remember when I took Woodrow Wilson down into my balls now another question in history Dennis Who was the first president of the United States? Come on Dennis? Who was the first president of the United States? Come on George George my name is Dennis. I know Now who is the first president of the United States? He was the father of our country George George Jessel no anyway. I'm asking Dennis. My name is George. It is not All right, Phil. I'll ask you who was the first president of the United States George George What do women do on Monday? Washing that's right George washing washing Yeah What am I thinking out at you your tongue correct George washing tongue? The score is six to three in favor of the Betty kids We win and the ten dollar bill goes to me. Wait a minute. Wait a minute This is a frame of frame of these questions around the up-and-up. We knew what she did. Oh, yeah Well, it's a good thing Richard didn't say that believe me. Oh, come on kids. Let's go. Let's get out of here Wait a minute. Wait a minute.  Lucky strike means fine tobacco and in a cigarette. It's the tobacco that counts So round so firm so fully packed so free and easy on the draw the famous tobacco auctioneer Mr. L.A. Speedwigs of Goldsboro, North Carolina Mr. Fee Boone of Lexington, Kentucky Otherwise they'll speaking for a lucky strike TLS MFT Yes, lucky strike means fine tobacco. This is NBC the national broadcasting company You


small towns, crawling out of their green shirts. Tubercular towns, coughing a little in the dawn. And the church, there is always a church with its natty spire and the vestibule. That's where they whisper, zzz, zzz, zzz, zzz, zzz. How many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, zzz, zzz, zzz, zzz. This recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lola Ridge, redforlibrivox.org by Bruce Gachuk. Small towns, crawling out of their green shirts. Tubercular towns, coughing a little in the dawn. And the church, there is always a church with its natty spire and the vestibule. That's where they whisper, zzz, zzz, zzz. How many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter then it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, zzz, zzz. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lola Ridge, redforlibrivox.org by Carolyn Buckley. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there's always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss. Kind of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lula Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Chad Horner. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there's always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lula Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by David Lawrence. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there's always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lula Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Frank Duncan. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there's always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lula Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Florence Short. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there is always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lula Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Gramescott Cheltenham, England, gramescotaudio.com. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there is always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lula Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Ian King. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there is always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lula Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Joni Mikowski. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there is always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss, tss tss, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lula Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Leanne Howlett. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there is always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lula Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Larry Wilson. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there is always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss tss, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lola Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Nick Zager. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there is always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, tss tss tss, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, tss tss tss tss tss, end of poem, this recording is in the public domain. Train Window by Lola Ridge, redforlibbervox.org by Robin Ann Rappaport. Small towns crawling out of their green shirts, tubercular towns coughing a little in the dawn, and the church, there is always a church, with its natty spire and the vestibule, that's where they whisper, how many codes for a wireless whisper and corn flatter than it should be, and those chits of leaves gadding with every wind. Small towns from Connecticut to Maine, end of poem. This recording is in the public domain.


In this session, I will talk about the DHS2 core team. The DHS2 core team is the team that works on developing and maintaining the DHS2 systems in the country. The learning objectives for this session is to understand why a solid DHS2 core team is important to support implementations over time, what the key roles and responsibilities in a DHS2 core team are, and understand how the DHS2 core team can build capacity. Firstly, I will talk about what the core team is and why it is important. So in order to support the DHS2 implementation in a country over time, it's important to have a core team in the country. So technical assistance from DHS2 experts can often be helpful to support development and capacity building of this team, but the team should be based in the country. The country should aim to have their own team that can handle day-to-day development, troubleshooting and support as well as ensuring that policies and procedures are followed. We have what we call a DHS2 country team approach. So solid design and configuration of the system, it must be maintained over time as requirements change, and this requires the presence of in-country technical capacity, which is maintained over time to provide continuity. And we strongly suggest to establish a DHS2 core team in all countries implementing DHS2 to make sure that the country build up the necessary technical capacity to successfully coordinate, run and maintain DHS2 over time. So how do you form a core team? The core team should be based in the country. And importantly, the core team should be in a position to meet and collaborate with the Ministry of Health. So they need to build good working relationships with the Ministry. And members should preferably have some exposure and experience with DHS2 before starting. But as long as they have some basic IT skills and knowledge about health, the team can also learn the details of the DHS2 system. Ideally, the team is composed of an internal Ministry of Health staff would require DHS2 skills and experience. But sometimes in a transitioning period, it's quite common to have external DHS2 experts either seconded to the government or as part of virtual DHS2 core teams. But it should always be managed by the government, but people might be based outside the Ministry, for example, at local universities or within NGOs. The critical principle here is to ensure long term sustainability and stability of this work, making sure that roles and responsibilities in the team are clearly defined and that the work is funded long term. Later in this session, we will identify the positions that should be within the Ministry of Health. A problem often arising in DHS2 core teams is to keep staff over time. So staff leaving the Ministry's front job in the private sector or in the NGO sector is a challenge in many countries because DHS2 skills is very often in high demand. One way to address this and improve retention is by creating what we call stickiness, trying to find incentives that will make people stay over time. So building opportunities for personal growth, for example, is important. This can be participation at DHS2 academies, becoming a regional expert in a specialized field where you can share your experiences globally, academic scholarship such as master or PhD programs or other performance based initiative. Next, we will discuss the roles, the profiles and the tasks that are necessary to have in a DHS2 team. So the key roles in a core DHS2 team are a DHS2 operational lead. This is a manager of sorts that keep the day to day running of the team going. They can serve as project manager and deal with stakeholders. You also need DHS2 implementers. These are people that can do actual configuration and maintenance of the system itself. You need training and support staff. These are people who are competent and able to both plan and conduct training of other IT staff in the ministry, other colleagues and also of end users, so health personnel using DHS2. They should also be able to support end users to solve small and big problems that might arise. It's also useful to have system administrator or server administrators, security managers that can work on overseeing policies, tools and routines regarding security and also app developers if you are developing external apps. Some of these roles are depending on implementation. So the key roles to really have in the DHS2 core team is the operational lead, implementers, training and support staff and the server administrators. It's important to note here that one person can cover multiple roles, so you don't necessarily need one person for each role, but they need to have designated responsibilities. The size of the core team depends on the scale and the complexity of the implementation itself. So an indication can be that you would need at least three dedicated people as a minimum for any national implementation. It's important to note that the people working on the core team should have this as their dedicated job. We must be able to pinpoint and say that it is person X who is responsible for task ABC, so it's not a responsibility that is distributed across a large team. If you have a more average implementation that we see in many countries, we would recommend to have at least five dedicated people serving on the national team. These are implementations that primarily deal with aggregated data. And there are some key factors influencing the size of the core team, and this includes, of course, the scale of the implementation geographically and the number of users. If you have a very small implementation covering only a few sites, you need less people than if you have something covering a big country with thousands of users. The scope of the implementation matters in terms of health areas, for example, how many data sets DHIS2 covers. Is it one program in the DHIS2 implementation? It might require less people than if you are covering every health domain in the country. The complexity of the architecture and implementation, such as interoperability with other systems, also matters for the size of the core team. And the level of decentralization of training support and basic management tasks to subnational level. It's different if you are supporting and training every user from the central level, or if these types of tasks are delegated down to the districts, for example. And as a rule of thumb, case-based systems using Tracker generally requires much more resources than aggregate systems, because the complexity is higher, the number of users are bigger, it requires more training, support devices, etc. Within the core team as a whole, the team has to be competent in a range of different tasks. One is basic requirements, gathering, system analysis and design, knowing methodologies and approaches to do this. The team needs to be competent in DHIS2 customization, architecture, metadata, including how to deal with interoperability with other systems. The team needs to know and understand how to work with implementation best practices, for example, how to interact with users and stakeholders, to harmonize forms, indicators, and how to build solid implementation strategies that will work in their local setting. The team needs skills on how to work on data use and design of data use products, such as dashboards and reports. They need to know how to plan and conduct training of trainers and end-user training, and also some skills in project management and administration to make sure that the projects are running smoothly. As their day-to-day activities, the DHIS2 core team will support the Ministry of Health programs and coordinate with other actors. And some core activities for the country teams will include things such as supporting DHIS2 implementations, such as interacting with users, designing the database, defining and harmonize indicators, designing reports and creating relevant dashboards and so on. They will work on day-to-day maintenance and maybe changing the program slightly if there are new requirements, cleaning up metadata, removing obsolete items that are no longer used, doing monitoring of the server, making sure everything is moving smoothly, updating DHIS2 to the latest version, etc. They will also do a lot of DHIS2 capacity building, particularly working with program managers that will use the data and create their own dashboards, but also with the district statisticians, for example, knowing how to validate, clean, and do analysis of data. The HIST network can support the core team with all of these activities, but the goal is really in the end that they should be self-reliant, but there is always support available if needed. And there are different ways of forming such a team, but there are some key principles that should be followed, but again, not one size fits all, so a core team will not look the same across every country in the world. But you should abide by some key principles, such as one of them is that one donor should not own a DHIS2 core team. So maybe one partner might fund the DHIS2 core team, however, it's important that the core team supports all programs and not just one group of investors. Solid governance should direct the work of the core team. We have a separate section in this course on governance, where the principle is that you have a three-layered governance mechanism where the top level or the governing body will give direction to where DHIS2 is going, and this should really give the direction for the core team. And the core team should aim for harmonization. They should strive for a harmonized system and really avoid silo systems. It's important that the team gets backing from the ministry, but at the same time, they should maintain impartial hiring practices. You want to avoid hiring people you know, but still have a strong backing from the authorities. So you should hire based on competence and merits and not on personal connections. And ideally, the funding should be allocated over the annual budgets of the ministry. It should not be external one-off investments, but it should be something that the ministries or the government fund for regularly and long-term. The core team should finally also support an opportunity-driven or grassroots movement approach to DHIS2. This is the heart and soul of DHIS2, and we've seen that this is beneficial. Lastly, I will talk about different approaches to capacity-building. So there are two main ways that the core team can build their capacity. One is through technical assistance. So this means when the DHIS2 groups are working with the country to solve issues or support on certain topics, they should always involve the country core team when they work. So you learned through apprenticeship or working side-by-side with other experts. The second approach is capacity-building through more formal approaches such as academies, the community of practice, and documentation. So DHIS2 offers a wide range of courses ranging from self-paced fundamental courses to specialized topical training. We have a community of practice, which is a large user forum where you can read what other users have problems with, how they've solved it, and you can also reach out for help there. DHIS2 also has a vast library of documentation where you can learn. The DHIS2 Academy training model looks like this. At the bottom you have what we call fundamentals. This is a self-paced online course that is available in a range of different languages, English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese in progress at the moment. Fundamentals course teaches you the basics of DHIS2 and can be done at your own speed. We then have Level 1 academies. This is standardized material across all regions. The courses are delivered by the DHIS network and the language required. We've done Level 1 academies in English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and other languages are also possible upon request. These academies are sometimes physical and sometimes virtual. Level 2 academies are more advanced. This is delivered as global trainings by the same core set of trainers within subject matter expertise. The Level 2 does not necessarily indicate the degree of difficulty in all cases, but it's more in-depth learning on specific topics. Primarily these courses are offered in English, but other languages can be possible upon request if there is a need for it. On top of this, we also deliver internal training within the DHIS network to increase our internal capacity. Again, as it says on the right-hand side, technical assistance and co-working between his groups and core country teams is a key principle. Running a DHIS2 team can involve adding budget lines for several things. You need to budget for salary costs for at least three to four people or other means of succumbents or incentives. You need to budget for attending academies, at least two per person per year. It can be virtual or physical academies. It's important to keep up to date with the latest on the DHIS2 and to build skills. It can be useful to budget for some regional visits from the his group to learn if you need support in the country by external experts. And again, create stickiness in the DHIS2 core team, as mentioned before, such as sending people to academies or establishing scholarships. And you will learn more about budgeting later in this course. In summary, you can say that a strong core team is important to implement and support a sustainable DHIS2 system. It's important to expand DHIS2 into new programs and domains. Incapacity building takes place through technical assistance and academies. And lastly, the DHIS2 team should be based in the country but can receive support from outside.


For today's Circuit Python Parsec, I wanted to talk about unpacking tuples. So first of all, what's a tuple? A tuple is essentially a kind of list in Circuit Python. And it is a list that can, it's a variable essentially that can contain multiple entries in it.  So in this case, I have a magnetometer. It has this command I can ask for the list to mdl.magnetic. If you ask for, hey, what's the value of that? What it returns is this tuple. So it contains multiple values. Sometimes I just want one of them. Let's say I want to have a little magnet here. I want to just be measuring the value on the y-axis of this thing. I don't need to get a bunch of different values to fuse. I just want to know one value. So I want to ask for, hey, not dot magnetic. That's what the library tells me to say, but I want to say I just need to pluck one of those values out of there. I need to unpack this tuple and just get one of those values. So the way I'm doing it right now, you can see I'm saying magnetometer reading is equal to this list to mdl.magnetic. That's returning a tuple with a length of three. Okay, so now you can see I'm casting the magx, magy, and magz as the three values that come back from unpacking this tuple, which is the list to mdl.magnetic. Now I'm just dealing with one of those by name. I'm saying, hey, go ahead and just print the magy. And so now you can see if I take my magnet and start hovering that over this little magnetometer here, I can reverse that and get those values to increase and decrease as I move that around. So that is how you can unpack a tuple inside of CircuitPython. And that is your CircuitPython Parsec.


What happens between shaws and like the katsu? They all pretty much smell the same. The purple was like a little bit more purple smelling, but still the Bubba with the incense and the like, the smell in the air, the same meaty smell. The katsu, they would all turn purple depending on how you grew them, right? So they're all phenotypically variable based on environment. So the green phenol was the katsu, which it just tended to be green more often, but if you over-ferred it, it didn't vege it very big, whatever. It put out little tiny buds, it turned purple at the end of flower with cold temperatures. No, not any major difference. The pre-98 tended to be a little chunkier more often, but still the same characteristics as the other two cuts.  Where you've given it too much count.


Very very warm welcome to the India's new mirror who know fashion designer Manish Manhotra You know had we been there on a live stage when each week would have probably been hearing applause So you would have to imagine that We're happening right now You know the ultimate ultimate cinematic story teller and I think it's his clothes Which have made the Indian movies so unforgettable and I think That he's really had to take Indian fashion and turned it into a love style Lifestyle and and out across the world by one and all I didn't know Indian wedding is complete without Manish Kature being coming there in some way or the other some form of the other which we always continue to see and Also, you know He's amongst one of the few fashion designers in India Who crossed the hundred floor club of kature fashion and now going in much more higher places With all the stuff that he's doing which we are going to talk about with him today So let me start with this Manish that you paid fashion and lifestyle in India And you know, but I think lifestyle is really all about culture So what is it that you understand about Indian culture bodywood culture? Which is helping you build this fashion as a lifestyle as a mission for me I think that India has got such a wide really vast spectrum of cultural variations which become one entire Indian culture like you see the Maharajas you see our artisans you see our fabrics of colors our traditions are you know different states having so many different of foods and beliefs and In terms of clothes different forms of fabrics Lot that India offers right and For me have been influenced by it I think in the age of 5 and I've been a huge fan of cinema from the age of 5 and my mother tells me that when there's There was a tuition teacher. I don't why she kept a tuition teacher for me at the age of 5 But I used to tell that teacher that your shoes and clothes are not matching You know and I used to be wanting to see every Hindi film that released and I was my mother says I was so Attracted to color and I would she says at times. She was right for me when she was leaving home Because I would definitely comment on what she was wearing I'm sure the teacher wanted to hear just that so I think the influence of that some of us are just born with a certain passion and I'm very lucky and grateful and thankful to my parents who somewhere didn't come in the way of that and they encouraged it Even if it meant going to see that many movies and I think in that cinema Sitting in cinemas and watching all the movies wide-eyed I was so influenced by the color that I saw the clothes that I saw the music that I heard And it inspired me so much. I went into painting classes and And I you know kept getting in you know more and more spider-man. I travel I'm inspired by nature by temples by Architecture so much. There's so much that India has to offer. I Totally agree with you, you know, I read that you started your journey in bodywood as a model In the entertainment industry as a model and yet you transformed very quickly to become in a fashion designer So how did that transformation happen for you? What what was it that you noticed in the industry which made you do this change? I was always interested in movies I always watched so many films and like I mentioned earlier my parents encouraged it as well It's so kind of them because that went on to becoming my life And I was really passionate about films. I want to be actually a film director And modeling happened I got busy with modeling and that there was always this one thing about me that Whatever I did I did it very sincerely. So by three years of my college. I was going for look test I was modeling. I was never one of those students who you know was Who's wasting a lot of time or who's standing with friends at the corner of his building I would be going for some audition or the other so while I was modeling I started working in a store as well as a sales boy and I used to sketch their quantities the eyes to keep changing the mannequin So my fascination was clothes as well and I thought that I thought since I'd not studied fashion and I was just passionate about it and I loved films and I remember the late 80s the look in the movies was not so good I mean you had directors I guess Chopra, Shekhar Kapoor and all of them But the looks that you saw in the 40s and 50s and 60s and of course the 70s I think somebody got lost in the 80s and I put two of my dreams together which is movies and clothes and that's how it is to get into costumes and Then you know, I kept meeting photographers and and various magazine Journalists who were looking for designers to style their photo shoots and And I think then I started giving it 48 hours in a 24-hour day I mean I would work that much I really really worked and I was so keen that I should Change the way the movies look so I came up with this concept of a look Where what's your hair? What's your makeup? What's your jewelry? What's your costume because I feel I felt that's very important in the costume And in those days when there's an Indian outfit the hero would have long hair and the next scene She's very western outfit in a hair would be short and I was like how can haircut keep changing like this You know, I came up with a whole concept of a consistent look It was all done because I was so very passionate about them Sure And you know so I mean today when you achieve so much success and you've done so much work in for Indian fashion And you sort of brought a great modern version of Indian fashion, which is so fascinating What is it that you realize about Indian consumers sensibilities, you know, what what have you understood about it? How do you think the Indian woman wants to see herself? Inspired by Bollywood, but yet she doesn't want to be a replica of Actress or somebody so how do you sort of balance this both things together? Well, I think that there was a time when the people really looked at actors and what they were wearing and If you remember those styles became iconic and those styles became what people would be seen wearing But all that the old time There was so much of cinema also changed right the glamour curtain went out and the realism came into movies And I also feel that people had even more Influences coming from different verticals and different spectrums like say social media like say your YouTube like say your Internet and And so their influences grew their knowledge through and I think at the time if you speak about today I think women and men want to be the person that they are You know, whether it's endogenous whether it's the whole fashion has become a demographic now It's not become any more of just one stereotype. I think people want to You know Where fashion the way they want to as if they know they know themselves a lot more They are far more confident. Of course, they admire the actors in by the fashion shows they admire the designers They admire clothes they but they also somewhere. I think today I have their own mind Change is invetible change is something that is a part of any form of design Change has to be a part of all of us And I think it's changing and it consistently changes and so the consumer changes and today's consumer is far more confident Far more knowledgeable and wants to pick up things that they like and they see For them design is very important quality is very important and innovation is very important And I think they want to take all of that and wear it their way You know, and sometimes they want to replica what they seem completely in terms of hair and makeup because they're liking But they're seeing so I think depends on all their life If you manage to show them something that they really like then they are for it and then once they take it They also want to wear their own way That's right and lately you also started a beauty line, you know with your range of hot couture makeup And so I mean, you know for me This is really more brand licensing as a business model And do you see the design industry now becoming more inclined toward licensing and actually going into far more extensions only rather than to your passion or Well, I think that is the future completely And if you see all the international designers who've been designers for much before us the design fraternity there and the design entire Families there are many many years old. I think that is the future right because I mean you can't just have clothes You need to if you need to expand in our case as jewelry it's makeup You're coming up now starting with home and mind you these are all things that I'm very passionate about because I actually See that I started with makeup very late because considering that in the early 90s I was the first designer to introduce styling and start this whole thing of a look and where makeup was also important and jewelry was important I should start with these verticals way back but anyway, it's now there and and I think that for designer very important to Business spare those creative thoughts those are coming from their heart, you know, and Because I think anything that's creative has to come from your heart and then that has to be followed by business, which is the mind First heart then mind for me. It's always like that Sure, and I do feel that getting dressed is an integral part of fashion, right? I mean clothes is one thing, but you're really Well, it's how you see it. It's either you use the term it as getting dressed or you term it as feeling good You know, I know so many people in the lockdown where they've also like kind of said, okay I'm getting dressed tonight and I'm probably having dinner with just my husband, you know, like girls We dressed so I think even sometimes, you know It's getting dressed is also It's like a piece like a bar. It's like having a shower, right? Well, you feel good and you look at things a little more right away in a more positive way and That is that dream or that thought of you feeling good by feeling that you're looking good is what I I am there for because that I feel There's so many times I feel being a part of these wonderful movies or weddings where, you know Why are your clothes and being a part of that happiness and that celebration is so satisfying and Sure, so you just mentioned that, you know The designers in the West have been experimenting with different lines for so long So which designer in the West is really inspired you and you know, what particularly now do you think? You know, there is a whole load of change that is happening in the fashion industry today Particularly with remote working work from home culture. So how is it? What is it that you're drawing from the West and do you think it's going to be Interesting to see in the Indian fashion industry in the coming days Well, I think that for anything to last the way the fashion houses internationally have lasted Heart is most important, you know, and then came in the mind of the business.  It's a family-oriented business Look at the amount of soul, you know the amount of heart It all has and then it became into businesses and I think For any business to last first thing, you know last for decade after decade Requires a lot of input requires a lot of thought requires a lot of work And I admire that consistency. Look, it's very easy to make up like a flash in the pan kind of thing Because that's in the pan like when you you know come and make a collection and now you're on social media and you Some friends just wear clothes and it's all appreciated but time and lasting out for decades it's only talent hard work persistence and I think vision and the business Accumulation business acclimation, sorry if that's the right word. Yeah, the business focus and You know be very clear of your heart is something that is very very important and I feel those brands have really shown that to us That if all that is in place Brands could last for even a friend or beyond Absolutely You know there's somebody out here for deep he's asked a question from you and he's asking What is your view on sustainability within the Indian fashion and textile industry? Well, I think Sorry And how can we reduce the loss in the sector particularly, you know, there's a lot of waste also that comes out of it So how can we sort of address that? Well in the first fundamental Essence that we all have to understand especially designers and people that we don't have to produce that much You know, I think right now Who's locked down as well people are not wanting that much quality has to definitely surpass quantity So we've got to keep that bit controlled and hence it also starts when you have different verticals in business It doesn't only have to be about clothes, right? And I think that also will be a basic Responsibility of every citizen and likewise of every designer when that is in place Sustainability also is taken a bit of care. You know, you take care of that as well now recycled garments Looking at less of wastage putting your Lots of interesting works that you must have had your path and are not being used putting that in together together in a new creation all of these Small, you know points that if you tick mark and you actually do them you Collectively are working towards sustainability Yeah, and I think that and I think that being conscious cautious and being responsible are two very big fundamental points for us for us in the journey and for sustainability and I think technology responsibility Being sustainable today are key essentials for any brand or any designer for them to lost out Sure, but I mean, you know having said that Luxury is all about experience It's about touch and feel and yet, you know the kind of times that we are living in it looks like we need to go Digital we need to think only channel and you know, you have got one of the most Some of the most popular stores as a designer So, how are you going to think of that change over the digital change over that is today required in luxury fashion? Well, that is the requirement I Cannot run away from that. That is the requirement today and also For people to feel safer digital You know, and I tell you something the last three months I've never had that many digital meetings in the past that I've had now because this is the new norm this is the new normal and And I think for us, it is really really important to also come up with products which are probably more digital friendly and Probably luck luck more accessible and you know, I don't think people are gonna move to go extra affluent right now I don't think they want to go larger than life And I think they're all in a mood of going glamorous. Yes, of course They want to go glamour some want to go more ethnic some want to go more earthy But I think we're in a mood of wearing something that is more wearable And more lasting probably and I think that is another conscious effort being made by us, you know back home and For the next collection especially and that is consistently in my mind that it has to be a very digitally friendly collection as well and and I think that is the way it is for a couple of months from now and We as a as a fashion house and as a business are adapting the new normally and I think that Challenging but in a way exciting it's almost a new brief and Because I've worked with that many films nearly thousand films and every director gave me If like director was different right and they gave me a character brief and I took it from there I said, okay, let's make this out of this character So I think then what nature is telling us today or what life is telling us today it's a brief from the universe and there's no other way but to accept it and Do something new and recreation and recreate something and reinvent yourself So do you also feel there's some Mr. Singh has asked a question here and he says that the Indian couture is very much becoming occasion oriented You know people dress up in high fashion when it's weddings or some other locations But they tend to prefer best and where when it's on other occasions So how how do you feel as a designer your Point of view of designing is changing because of that But you know what I actually Completely feel that I think a red carpet in India But it should see a lot more Indian clothes. It should see a lot of interesting Maybe a Banar Siobhan Sari. It should see a beautiful vintage brocade. Sorry It should see a lot more Indian garments. I think somewhere being very inspired by the West We definitely do a lot of Western clothes on the red carpet and that's something that consistently singing Why don't you wear a sari like I love sari's, you know and But I think that In India couture is a lot of bright new wear because that is the time when families come together to celebrate And are definitely wanting to dress up and get into hand-wrapped couture, right? But where the celebrity on the red carpet is Vincent I actually agree with Mr. Singh and I feel that We definitely should see a lot more Indian clothes on the red carpet. I'm for one Yeah, sure absolutely I think the red the red carpet experience the weddings nothing is gonna change when it comes to Indian totally agree with you You know, I must also say that with the kind of wonderful work that you've done for this industry And I personally feel that what you've done for Bollywood has probably inspired everybody outside India to You know think of Weddings or think of special occasions in their families as As a great lifestyle event that they want to dress up and they want to feel good about it You know, so for what you've done in terms of creativity for this country is truly outstanding and you know, that is also one of the reasons why we would You know, we would be seeing you as our cover face of entrepreneur in the month of August 2020 So I would like for you to sort of So I'll just put the picture on over here, which is the cover shoot we've done with And You know the fact that today He's making and he's put the wave and you know, we're so we're talking about local Vocal for local and I think you truly truly gone out and done it. So he's the cover face of our Magazine the entrepreneur magazine in August 2020 and he's truly going to reimagine the business of high fashion as we go forward So thank you, Minesh and while of course we do not hearing other cheers I'll cheer for you and say that you know, thank you for Also, we would like to present Minesh with our one of our first award categories of the day Which is the creative entrepreneur of the year award Minesh has probably done more for Indian fashion than anybody else in terms of Bringing really the Bollywood dream and he is what I would like to call the India's 21st century fashion what father so thank you Minesh for Making our country proud with and making our fashion sensibilities so so much better They would have been otherwise so he's also the creative entrepreneur of the year for entrepreneur awards 2020 Thank you so much You know, I mean I would love for you to tell us this as we present you this award What all streams are we likely to see you in you already there in kathur? You're already there in make up now what what kind of extensions what kind of areas are you likely to go and extend? We were having a meeting and I think that where our makeup line is concerned our jewelry line is concerned And now we are starting with home. I think we we need to go a lot more deeper in this vertical and have And and also a jewelry concern and my makeup is concerned. We will definitely see a lot more variety a lot more five range compared to what there is now and I Think in my clothes we not a new label But we're going to come up with a completely new thought process which is younger which is more adaptable variable even price point friendlier and The toss would be Indian and it's like an Indo-Western Bridge line collection. So it's not Fred. It's not going to be diffusion. It's it's like a bit second more You know, it's not good. It's like a bit diffusion. So it's more like a bridge collection, which is also going to have separates So you can pick up things and give you a personality that change It could be a shot embroidered beautifully embroidered jacket, which probably you can wear with your mother's beautiful Separate separate that you can pick up from that. So that that is that people on somewhere in January 2021 but or by February 2021 but right now home is something that we're looking to launch at least the first drop by Diwali and I'm going a lot More deeper and a lot more intense with makeup and jewelry Sure, and we're absolutely looking forward to it and trust me after the lockdown There we there's going to be an absolute barrage of people who would be wanting to buy your products Well, I would go and thank you so much. Yeah, we now going to present the other awards And therefore I'm going to request Kavya to please join us here and announce the awards of for now for other entrepreneurs as well Okay, as Kavya joins us Many I think somebody is also asking what is your formula of selling luxury and high price points What makes consumers spend so much more than the average consumer does Come again. Sorry. Sorry. I didn't get that There is Rumika who's asked us. What is the formula of selling luxury at high price points? What makes your consumers spend so much than the average much more than an average consumer does Well, first also it is about the occasion that they're looking for Kind of, you know Some consumers want a more opulent or a more more intense or a more intricate worked piece and I think for Anything in life anything it's not just about a garment to have a certain price point First thing that comes first is called is the is the absolute Quality, you know from the finish to the to the fabric chosen to the It's a hotel. It's a garment. It's a It's a dish that you want to eat anything that is at a certain price definitely Quality in that's very very important You know how much of heart is gone into it? And I think that when people today with social media and knowledge being there on their phones Get go for a product that means somewhere they Are people who are coming again and again to that product and which means that it is satisfying The need of looking good the satisfying the satisfactory giving them the satisfaction of Spending that money for a qualitative product and it's somewhere also satisfying them Themselves that they have something that they can wear for years So, you know for me in life something that lasts Longer has a lot more value whether it's a person whether it's a business whether it's a product And I think that assurance is very key for any put your designer or any product that has a that has a price point Which is a bit higher Sure. Thank you. So Kabya is here over to you Kabya. Please. Can you start the awards distribution? I think we're enjoying the first glitches of This so I think many should we can continue with the chat a little more So there There's another question which has come for you. I think it's not going to stop here Kavya online I Don't see her There is somebody who's from Myanmar who joined us and they're asking what are the criteria and scope for research in the garment and fashion Industry and what are the price price points to be considered by Garment industry results looks like that as a student who's doing his doctorate No, so what's the question? Sorry. I didn't get that. Sorry. They said that how do you go about researching the fashion industry today? This person's joined us from Myanmar and They said, you know, what kind of on what scale of price points they should go out and then start researching About fashion. Well, I think that I think that what is so that person was to be a fashion designer, right? Possibly. Yeah, so I think that what is your heart say? What do you want to like for example? I haven't studied fashion I used to draw and sketch and I really worked on that to learn painting and to be sketching But I took the Bollywood part because I loved films Right. So because I so I followed the fashion and my Journey for design became unique But at that time I didn't think so I just followed my passion of cinema for cinema So I think in any form of design and if you want to be a designer or you want to get into the business of fashion or design It's very important to follow your passion Do you like to do like diffusion do like with do like menswear do like this way I think those are the questions that you need to ask yourself and find that answer and that answer will be your first step towards your path


Good start. Hello everyone and welcome back to the average today. We have a little fun package I don't know if you can see that but a really kind patient of mine sent me some money on the culture hustle So I don't know if you've heard of him before these Stuart Sampleys guy He does like the unicorn milk and we're blowing the dark paint and all these fun things I'm gonna open up a big hole for you today Sent by Steph L who's really really really really kind and thank you so much Steph But yeah, I'm really really lucky to have you as a patron and you're super lovely and kind and yeah So let's get to unboxing Okay, so first of all we get this little badge just kind of cute culture hustle Very nice added little bonus for them Um We get the Technicolor stick times prism. So Yeah, I think this is like a paint where you paint on stuff and then it kind of like turns holographic could be mistaken Can't remember But yeah, it's cool packaging and it seems like a little bit of like a perfume box, which is very nice Mochi, this is not for you. Mochi's like this box is mine. I claim it. Yeah, that's what's inside. Okay I'm gonna go through and open all this stuff as well, but we'll just do a little unboxing first and then we've got this coat It's called which is a mattifying water-based non-toxic protective membrane so basically it's just a Like a varnish to go over the top of things Which is really good because I need that kind of for my books. Do you mind? You're ruining my aesthetic This is supposed to Mochi Mochi, this is supposed to be an unboxing not an in-boxing. Could you um Could you get out or okay? No stay there. Yeah, that's perfectly fine. What are you eating? No, that's not what you're eating. That's for painting I've also got the blackest black because I had to try it I always see it advertised and it always looks really really cool But basically it's this paint that is the blackest paint Supposedly in the world So when you look at it is like it avoid and they've made a new one So this is the third version of it and it's got this amazing like packaging again Where it kind of feels like makeup a little bit, which is kind of cool I think I really like attention to detail with that sort of thing Mochi Mochi I'm gonna take you out. You're super cute, but Right, you can sit there. Um, what else have I got? So I loved the glow-in-the-dark Powder so much that I had to get like these two It's a pink glow-in-the-dark and a blue glow-in-the-dark If you haven't seen my glow-in-the-dark one where I review this powder I'll put a little link there, but I've also used the powder a fair bit because I really really like it It's super strong really good So I had to get these two colors and I think it's gonna be really fun to like experiment with them Also, who doesn't love glow-in-the-dark? I love glow-in-the-dark And I think that's it. I think this is the last one. This is the phase one Which I think shines pink So you put like a layer of paint and then you put this pigment on it It like does like a haze purple haze to pink. So like color changing paint Which is really really interesting. I'm not sure what I'm going to use this on Um, same with the technique color because when you look on the site, they kind of use them on objects Um, like sculptures and stuff, but I think I'll be fine Like I think I can try a little painting with these and see what happens So these are what I've got And this all came to I think about 120 pounds plus shipping well shipping was free actually I also have the unicorn milk which I have a video on which I previously purchased I don't know why I've never tried these but they're the powdered paints So I think I'm going to give them a go today to just have everything kind of culture hustle And that comes with the super base which I have used a few times which actually smells amazing It smells like flowers. I don't know how to describe it So yeah, let's give this all a little bit of a go Yeah, that took a while But it was actually quite fun and like I think it's quite nice to do something with your hands It's kind of like an enjoyable experience So some people might be like why don't you just buy it at the bottle? But I think it's quite a nice thing to to have Anyway, uh, there are the colors I'm going to use the black now. Let's see what this is like Oh Come on, say really cool bottle. So let's just put some on here, I guess Oh, let's put it here Oh my god, that comes out really gloopy. I don't know if I was supposed to make shake it Yes Just spill black paint everywhere. The good thing. It's the blackest paint in the whole universe. So that was Great time. It's coming out less Watery, but I think that's going to be our paint For now, uh, let's put it back in here because I'm scared of it leaky everywhere The glow in the dark I can do it a bit. I'm going to try the phase one Let's open this up. It feels like it's a nice like perky box. It's just really weird Inside you get, ooh these two things A little mixing spatula that looks like a little ice cream spoon, doesn't it? Ooh looks awesome Okay, I think that was too much but fine. I'll use this bottle just in case it's like slightly different. I don't know why it would be but yeah Yeah, let's mix this all up Okay, so it's quite a watery consistency. So I'm just gonna add a bit more You've got that boom boom boom boom boom base Uh, I think it looks quite cool. Okay, and now let's try the technicolor Like how do I open this? Am I being dumb? Really?  I'm gonna read the instructions. We've got prism I think I might add this like after I've done my painting I've got this little like stick with like a little beauty blender on the end. It seems It's kind of cool. It'll be quite fun to like play with Let's do a little bit of a test of the colors first and then I will get to painting something So here is the pink It's super super gloopy. Um But I think if I mix the colors it will like quite look quite nice maybe I think the problem is the super base is such like a clear Cream color. It's not kind of it's not really neutral. So it's kind of making the paints come out as this Super pale Sort of pastel color mix Which is not like a bad thing because it depends what you want But like it might be hard to paint realistic things and then here's the black that is going to be Apparently the blackest black in the whole world And again, it's looking kind of Transparent It's not super opaque. So I'm not sure what went wrong there So I started off by just using a roller of these paints because I wanted to get like a thin layer down of the color And I think it looked really cool. I miss using my roller I just found it because I found all the pigments and I was like, oh, yeah I used to like Using this roller with stuff. So it made sense for me to try it out I picked like a sort of simple image of Pinterest just to try and like Use all of these different materials the best that I could so I'm just layering down like different colors I picked like this pink basketball court, which had like a really light pink Green wall in the background and then some houses in the distance and then just a blue sky And I felt that it would work with the color choices that had been made for these pigments Because obviously I didn't pick these colors. These are just like the basic colors from the pigments But if you wanted to make different colors, I'm sure it makes more sense to like mix them up Instead of just using them straight out of the the tubs But yeah, I do think they're really Light different colors and I think in the future if they were going to like make more colors It would make more sense because I think these are colors that are just a bit zany for like everyday use But I mean some people might like that. So it's fair enough. You kind of can Pick what you buy. So, you know, if you don't want these colors then but maybe more options would be cool So i'm just layering down different colors now trying to just kind of get like a bit of distance in the image and some shadowing and stuff Just laying down a basic image and then I'm going in with like the color phase which Never really worked actually, which I was quite surprised I was like maybe I shouldn't have used it with other paints maybe I'm supposed to use it just like a single thing by itself But I did dry it with a hair dryer when I dried it with a hair dryer It turned pink and then as it cooled down it turned purple again And I was like, oh did I ruin the pigment in this or was that like just part of it? I don't know. So it never really worked. It just stays kind of a purple. I then used the Prism color which I really fell in love with I layered down some of that stick Paint or whatever it's called is basically glue and it was drying And whilst it was drying I started to use the glow in the dark paints I used a little bit around the light and then some in the distance Maybe it doesn't really make sense lighting wise But I was just trying to use all of these different elements in one piece So bear with me if it doesn't really make sense with the glow in the dark and different things But I think overall I think it's quite a nice image and also It just it was nice to experiment with all these different materials and kind of get a grips on them And see what I like best. I definitely love this prism stuff I'm not sure if it works well in this image, but it's so amazing You can't really tell from this angle, but it's like this silver dusting basically that just clings to that stick Glue that you put down and then when you put it in the light it just shines so beautifully It shines like a different hues of pinks and purples. It's really pretty and I really really like it I think it's probably really good for like sculptures and stuff more so but It's really cool for imagery as well. So yeah, that's everything together and I'll show you guys how the glow in the dark looks now And this is the final result of using all the different paints and techniques of this culture hustle paint whole I really like the way that this is like maybe it's not really in keeping in my style per se, but I used Like the materials how I could use them, which I probably already said, but yeah I really like the phase stuff. I think that's really cool Technique and I think you can do like loads of different textures. I think it's really fun Let's go and see what the glow in the dark looks like So this is what the glow in the dark looks like and I think it's so cool I really love the glow in the dark from the culture hustle. I think it looks amazing And yeah, so that's the final look and feel of this painting I think you can have so much fun with this stuff And I'm really happy to be able to have a go with it and also thanks again to Steph L For helping me get these things and I'm I'm really happy. Thanks a lot And that's the end of the video so please give me a thumbs up if you liked it and I'll see you next time. Hopefully. Bye


You cannot be on the side of those workers who have lost their jobs because of disastrous trade agreements and support those corporations who have thrown millions of our workers out on the street. And the Democratic Party has to reach a fundamental conclusion. Are we on the side of working people or big money interests? Do we stand with the elderly, the children, the sick and the poor, or do we stand with Wall Street speculators and the drug companies and the insurance companies? Now, our job is not just to revitalize the Democratic Party, not only to open the doors to young people and working people. Our job is to revitalize American democracy.