would any of it be considered historic preservation? If we do a no If you do a renovation, no Okay, and I mean not that I know I mean we're looking if you yeah, if you repaired what we have not new Would any of it be considered historic preservation? Not that I'm aware of no, I mean what we're looking at is systems Leaking problems electrical. Yeah, that's there. You wouldn't get the historic preservation The other thing I wanted to just say that this is the model we see today I can think of A way I would want to potentially see this model changed A year from now, okay, and that is we go further along with a dpw and we decide we're going to stage it Okay, and so we may have dpw phase one and then five years later dpw phase two Or something like that That allows us to think about Those projects that could be staged. That's really the only one that can be staged that I'm aware of Yeah, paul So I think it's important to recognize that this is a pretty blunt tool It had a lot more sophistication and in it before and people said it's too complicated Make it simpler so the general public can use it and bill was able to use it successfully so Brave bill But I think it it can add levels of complexity You know staging and finding but I think this is just to show relationships about decision making And for this first round as we start educating people So people say, oh, I see how these things work together It's and I think it's legitimate that you worry about once the numbers out there Can we build a 20 million dpw? Good question. We you know But but but once those numbers get out there they get sunk into people's brain And that's what you're worried about and I think we recognize that But I think it's just to recognize what the purpose of the tool is is not to solve the problem But just help people sort of grasp what the what the scale of the problem is I have a non library related question So I was just curious and maybe I didn't read it properly, but I saw that there was um The the percent for art breakout and I'm curious Why we're breaking the art piece out and not the net zero out since they were both generated by Bylaws, I mean, what's the logic behind that percent for arts up for con discussion The zero net zero bylaw has already been passed and is in effect these The half percent for art was rejected by the state And is now back on the table to be discussed and looked at by the council Yeah, I just had a question for you Sean. So on the Cost escalation factor I'm I'm I want to make sure I understand right that what you're doing is if you say for example Fire station 20 million dollars in 2025. Yeah, it's adjusting the 20 million dollar project cost Yeah by the escalation factor Yeah, so each of these has sort of a base year of when their most recent estimate And so whatever that base year is versus what year is selected There's the cost and I get you're making and it's an estimate, right? I mean you're just assuming what inflation would look like in construction and materials. Yeah, but um Do you end up showing that anywhere? So someone can see that if we stage these projects, you're not literally Um staging a you know a 30 million 20 million 10 million and 85 million dollar project because if you have them Out 10 years then you're what the end cost is no, I don't but that could be something we pop in over here I mean I only bring that up because in the same thing the time is money That that if we're going to show people the impact on their property tax budgets It also makes sense to show You know if you say well, why don't we just put it off 10 years? Okay. Well, then how much does that add to the cost? Yeah, that's a good point We could put on that right side based on your options Something that links to that so you can see what the cost and how it would change based on yours Right exactly on the assumptions I sort of want to build on something that mr. Backelman Said in what we've been talking about And and exactly what you you were alluding to is that I love this model. So before I even start adding some criticisms I I could I didn't get to play with it last night. I saw it but I I could totally geek out on it. I'm sure The danger though is that it is so sophisticated it looks and gives the impression that it's accurate And and not to say that your math and formulas are wrong. It's that it's all based on assumptions and estimates And I think you know Sending this off into the wilds of the community It could get it could create this impression that oh a dpw is going to cost 20 million and when the Or that's one of the proposals on the table when we really don't know and it changes and then we're Left having to defend and explain why it's different than what was in the model And you're not going to want to change the model every time we get a new estimate. So The one idea and I don't this isn't perfect I'm sure lots of folks have other ideas on this but Is is to put sort of a big red disclaimer at the top that this is for modeling purposes only And to you know getting at what you said mr. Backelman, but it's it's really to illustrate Not to define and tell you that your tax bill is going to be 750 dollars more it's Approximate and I think that's going to be really really important particularly when we get to the Discussions about how we're going to involve the community and bring bring the community along and inform and explain Is that this is not meant to be here's your invoice Yeah, I think the other thing that I would want to just Put forward is is that we also talked about? I'm having this available to the public through a page on the town website where the website Page itself would contain information that would give the context and explanations And You know that's something that we're still sort of the next step of working on and I understand That you were working to work with it to try and achieve that and do it as Soon as we possibly can actually sort of get this thing worked out and so I just wanted to add that Did you have something me into him just some quick stuff as I played with it this morning A little more explanation on the amount over the 10 levy the The excellent the yellow the green the red I figured it was the amount of money we had in free cash and stabilization that identified all of that but maybe Stating that somewhere that yellow is money that could be Used from stabilization or free cash and red is you exceeded that number and and maybe giving that number would be helpful A small one was when I was looking at the override numbers I kept going back to what percentage of a tax bill is that So not just a basic couple hundred dollars, but so I didn't have to keep putting in different like House amounts and if there's a way to somewhere put my guess is it's similar for every tax bill It's about the same percentage because you've got a formula to figure this out So if it could just say this will represent a certain percentage of your tax bill Um and that changes depending on what what you exclude because I think that would be helpful to get an idea of with a 500 That you know if your tax bill is 10,000 This is how much it would be if your tax bill is only 5,000. This is how much it would be things like that I think it's already been stated, but I just want to do again articulate That would be nice to have a tab separate tab for all the assumptions we're making Because I really I mean and while I'm at that is the net zero Is this at the school estimates already including the net zero net zero is there? Yeah, I mean as noted that zero is part of it and it just Stick with the here and then I'm going to get public comment If there's nothing else to come from the group that's up front I want to just correct one assumption I don't think The wildwood estimate includes net zero So they both came from the fort river feasibility study. Okay. Yeah, all right. It wasn't from the prior project Yeah, that's because four river and wildwood are identical for the most part. So, okay anything else one last look She was on the committee. So if I'm wrong, it'd be good to have her clarify okay, then Let me go to the back of the room and start with as You were on the committee So A lot of those numbers up there do not look Like the numbers that we have now. So I believe that And the extrapolations I think all have to be adjusted because Those are not what we've got right so When you're using a tool the most important thing is to have accurate information going in or also what you have coming out Isn't going to be accurate. So I would take issue with a lot of the figures up there And you have to realize that when you do A renovation it there is a range of costs that that could That could amount to the final cost same thing with new construction. You can make different decisions Along the way. So having one One number is not going to be Accurate in addition the reimbursement, especially when you're working with msba It can range from anywhere for new construction When we did we did this as part of the study from 41 percent to 51 percent and for renovation from 46 percent to 61 percent That's a huge range And so when when you have numbers up there that are different in the total project cost And then you add on this difference in In reimbursement it really changes things quite a bit. So I think that before this goes anywhere live It should be reconciled with the final work of the committee The other thing I want to point out is that that the school configuration options don't include all the possible options that are there And I would want to be very careful that you're not comparing construction costs for an 1120 student population of k through six students To a population of nine hundred and sixty K through five students. So you can't compare a 600 student school, which would represent a k five configuration k five six eight considerate configuration to two schools that would house All of the k through six students. So I would want I have obviously we're not going to go through all these numbers today But this has to be gone through really carefully so that we make sure that the numbers that are in the model Are accurate the other thing I think we need to talk about is why This only gives the option for one msba project and one non msba project when that might not be the case And so I think there's a lot of school issues there Can I ask you to to clarify isn't that zero factored in? Well, it depends it depends and you can do net zero a number of different ways, right? So you can build Um a building that has a very good. Yeah Yes, but if these well, yes, but but there are two different But there's two different estimates even for a new school because there's an eui 30 school and an eui 50 school So they're both net zero And in fact even the renovations you have to do net zero for the addition And so again, you can make an a 30 or a 50 and that makes a difference But when the total project costs come out, yes, the they are Everything is compatible with the net zero bylaw So I'll just speak to that. I don't necessarily disagree with what she said. I just wanted to list clarified that so the feasibility study had about For every type of configuration there were dozens and dozens of options Whether it was 420 kids or 315 students whether it was this level of Net zero as you mentioned the different types of net zero you can hit So What we've tried to do is simplify it down to five or six options and we use sort of the median of the the ranges that were there Um, but I agree if we want to get to the specificity of you know, there would be literally hundreds of options I don't you probably know exactly how many scenarios were looked at But there but there were dozens and dozens of different scenarios. That's true I think that what you have to do is have an accurate range in there. Um, and so Um, for example for a new construction and this is this is something you'll be hearing about soon Um What the committee is going to be saying is that we would recommend the general contractor method Which is going to take 10 off the total project cost compared to a construction manager at risk That brings those numbers down quite a bit on the other hand. There's a lot more reimbursement There's a 5 percent reimbursement for doing renovation. So that Brings those numbers down. So there's a lot of differences. So I think that these numbers are probably old and probably aren't Up to date for all the factors that we've included that we're going to be presenting in the final report So what we can do because it was it was um recommended that we include an assumptions tab So on the assumptions tab, we can put I mean, we'll have to agree on how many options we show here But on the assumptions tab, we can put where the specific cost estimates came from Um, there was a model where we noted exactly what page of the different studies And I know that the four river feasibility has um Come along since I think these were from february or march these numbers Um Was the presentation but I know that there's been a second cost estimate that has tried to vet the first cost Estimate so I don't disagree that these numbers can be updated I don't know if it's going to have a huge impact in terms of when we're talking In the millions that we're talking about but we obviously want to use the most recent information Okay So I should add one other thing When we looked at a prior beta version In this committee What we found was is that it had too many choices and too many choices created confusion for users of the process that We really needed to Have a finite number of choices so that There could be a common discussion in the community And uh It's a balancing act between two different things then and I appreciate the point that you've made That um, even if we're Reducing choices. We need to make sure the choices have a realistic range Aylu I I agree with those who say that these Numbers that are there In terms of cost are there and there are no changes in them The old form at least had Some options for cost And if you had those I think you're better able to go to the public and talk about that Because they will have seen well that building could be 15,000 it could be 20 I mean 15,000 be great wouldn't it 15 million 20 million or whatever Um, so no one came away with the impression That the building was going to cost this amount of money and and I hear what you're saying because if You go out and you support it at the amount That's in there and it turns out to be higher for whatever reason that doesn't look good to the public I think the public really needs to know that what we're building is within our means to build And it's also a reasonable amount of money for what we're building So I don't know if that's going to be a lot of trouble or if it's even worth having some choices For what each of these buildings would cost We have choices on some other things. Uh, for example dpw In fire have choices Yeah, so there are choices in there Yeah In schools And I think I'll just echo what I think Lynn said earlier, which is so this is you know The version when we don't actually have cost developed that much by architects and engineers We've got sort of studies, but we haven't got into really detailed schematic designs for most of not all the projects So I think this is a It was intended to be sort of again a blunt tool that can be refined with better cost estimates when we actually get schematic designs I know we've got jcpc approved that funding for Or allocated that funding for dpw and fire station But again, I think this first version is just very high level, but I can certainly add options however many options people think They'd like to choose from but That's sort of the trade-off that we keep having is how complex Versus the ability to use it Okay, I'm going to go for a few more minutes and then try and move on but I And I just see somebody from the audience the door think go ahead For some of those reasons, I don't think it's a good idea to refine the tax thing I think somebody might think they've really found their tax amount and then when they find it's different It might you might have to be in a difficult problem. I think I would leave that kind of vague Tony Hi, Tony Cunningham. I just wanted to flag that the ongoing capital is actually a very large amount The amount of items that were on the jcpc 10 year plan this year that were pushed off beyond 2020 Add up to over 100 million dollars so Putting the three and a half million per year is never going to make a dent in that backlog because each year You know vehicles get pushed back ladder truck gets pushed back North common is pushed back north Amherst intersection. There's athletic fields is coming up not to mention roads and sidewalks so I just think That it's you just need to kind of keep in the back of your mind that the four projects there's like many more many more than four and Leaving the three and a half million to cover everything else is completely insufficient So Tony, thank you very much for the comment and that's why I want to move on to try and finish things out because item nine on the agenda is consequences of these proposals for funding funds for other capital needs including roads and sidewalks and then Development of five-year capital plan because I think that what we've come to realize is even though we've Been doing 10 years the charter says five years regardless of what a length it is Um, has it been realistic and I think your question is really in that point has been realistic. So thank you Eric apologize, I Before you moved on I had one one final comment that I think one of the one of the challenges that I'm not sure how to resolve this but The tool Is very helpful It's not helpful I don't think if it sort of intermediates between Whatever body is actually trying to work through the details of a project and work through You know the sort of project level trade-offs and decisions you're trying to make and somebody looking at this and populating A really long menu of alternatives Thinking they've come up with an alternative mix that works And then you know then understandably because it's actually a completely understandable thing That person's then going to come to the town council and go in public comment and say I've figured this out This is what you should be doing But that and it's not that the comments wrong so to speak But what it is is it's entirely disengaged From any of the kind of conversations that are happening, you know with the library with the future school building committee That's trying to figure out sort of In reality, what have we learned about this plot of land? Can we build on it? If so how you know, whatever I mean, I hate to use examples But whatever the example is and and the the point I'm making is that that public input and that public Those alternatives or ideas and questions are completely welcome But the point is the tool can either be something that helps people visualize alternatives and informs debate Or it can actually become something in which it seems like such I think actually miss mcdonnell talked about this earlier It's sort of a a false decision that's built into it that's disconnected From the actual project level decisions that are being made So and so finding that balance right is a real challenge I haven't I haven't worked through it But when I made the comment earlier in the meeting that I was really concerned That we sort of bracket out what we're talking about when and how to engage different stakeholders and different sets of experts and information To help inform the community and bring everyone along in a way that makes really informed decisions That's what I was talking about and something like this could end up Actually frustrating that clarity rather than informing it unless it's built into the process really effectively One of the things that if I were going to Be one of the guinea pigs tonight, I would have gone full boat full load build them all tomorrow Okay, and what you rapidly would see is we can't do it. Okay, but I'd like to see that Okay, and then I'd start looking at issues like well Okay, I own a house that's x, but I'm only willing to pay Y amount more what what can I do for that? So I think there's other ways to back into this Whatever this model doesn't do what it does do is create a conversation and that is what we're looking for Is a conversation that says what are the priorities of this town and what do we as counselors need to hear from you? and so You know i'm a mathematician by birth I guess but I love a model and it it creates a conversation so As an aside Conversation has come up in several comments over the evening and I think that the word that's missing is listening Um, and I'm not hearing that we want people to talk Therefore we need to listen Yeah, I was just going to recognize you because I saw your hand up and then I'll uh, ask for Allison Go ahead Yeah, I'll stay up here with Then I'll address the point that refers to your graph first Richard Bogart um The graph that we're looking at here is called the bar plot If there was only one variable being represented That is if it was only say the yellow curve Then it would just be a plain bar plot, but it's a multivariable bar plot There's a problem with this form of presenting a bar plot and that is it's very difficult to see How the purple say is changing over time is what you want to see but The tops of the of the total bars tend to attract your attention So that It's hard to see it There's an alternative way to present a multivariable bar plot and that is you present more narrow Bars of each of the colors for each time period So you'd see a yellow a purple a red and a green And then you'd see another of those four and you could see how each of those colors is changing over time I suggest That you take a look at it that way and see and it's probably just a toggle to get it to switch from the one to the other He's a mathematician by birth I teach statistics I have a second Suggestion it starts with an anecdote Because I've been very active in faculty governance I've had multiple opportunities to speak to the previous provost And I suggested to her over and over again That talking about teaching load Is a mistake it gives the impression that there's something That we have to bear when we teach students And it's we shouldn't do that nobody ever talks about a research load You know, it's just a teaching load and I convinced her And she actually bought it and she started speaking about it differently She would talk about teaching assignments rather than teaching loads You're talking about speaking to the public and you want to Tell them about their tax burden Don't tell them that taxes are a burden Taxes are the dues that we pay to be a part of the society that we live in So consider the possibility of not talking about tax burdens talk about Paying your dues and you're going to pay them one way or another If you don't pay to have the streets fixed You're going to pay to have your axels fixed That's my two cents. Thank you. Thank you Sir Then I wouldn't move on but I would It's hard to follow that comment um Just because of the concern that some of you have been expressing about how This might be interpreted. Perhaps it will be useful to Call it a conceptual model for illustration But it is not your decision-making tool You're not going to put in you're not going to do your own selection like Mandy joe did And come up with a picture that people that the public could also do This is a simplified version. You've got something much more sophisticated Good. Thank you So I think we do need to bring this piece to a close. It's been very instructive conversation I hope it's been helpful for you But because you've received a lot of feedback The remainder of the agenda I just wanted to Say why things were listed because we don't necessarily need to go into the into the entire agenda But there were pieces that are on there And I think that we do need to recognize So number eight was In the combined and I'm looking at the finance committee But the next one from the list whichever list you're looking at Is financial considerations and proposed percent for our by-law And I and I think that I'm only going to point out one piece of information What you were looking at in this chart was a click on or off that would say how much we're going to be adding to those projects that are Involved That we were discussing tonight How the by-law is going to be structured Is Really yet to be determined because there's a work group that has just been formed that will be Working with the finance committee and the community resources committee on that issue. So It's really a piece of it and it is a very blunt thing But it is a realistic piece of the buildings because if we have a percent for our by-law A major purpose of it That I think everybody has articulated very clearly is to make sure that you build Then the purpose would be to build art into Each project so that it becomes an integral part of each building that is being built and So that's where that linkage occurs The other thing on percent for art is that you can add you you can know how much Additional you will have an override, but for those Projects that are being funded Not by override, but just being funded from town funds that will come out of the capital budget to an amount and that will Reduce a little bit the month that's available for other capital needs We will As a finance committee Delve into that and try and make sure that that information is available to The council to the community at large, but it's sort of difficult for us to do that Till there's actually a proposed by-law in which to Make those Make that calculation against But that is part of it. So I don't know if there's anything else on percent for art I just wanted to explain in that context We will be dealing a lot with percent for art over a period of time and I really wouldn't encourage A lot of participation in that process because it is going to Be worked at for the working group which will be posted public meetings that will develop Begin to develop the proposal And then it goes to the two committees I named and those are also public processes and ultimately Presumably go to the council So there's a lot of opportunity for Public discussion and a lot to learn about it including a lot to learn ourselves To move this thing along The next thing that was listed was consequences of those Proposals for funding other capital needs including roads and sidewalks I mean we talked about that a little and how that fits into the chart But One of the things that then it leads to as was pointed out by ms. Cunningham is that the and I have to say my colleague his Kathy shane has raised the same thing We need to make sure that we are Developing a realistic multi-year plan And that continuing to push things off forever Means that they never get done and then you shouldn't be saying you're going to do them But we need to be realistic about the plan And I don't think that we're going to solve that problem tonight, but I do think that it's a major assignment for jcpc the next year Yes, mandy And I would just put in a plug for yes it is I agree that it's something jcpc along with the next one on the list the development of a five-year capital Plan needs to deal with so I don't know where my other jcpc members stand But I think that means we should probably be meeting regularly starting soon So that we're not as rushed as we were last year and so that we can really put the time in and the discussion and that we need to Have those conversations about those two issues And see if we can come up with something that sound that we could send to maybe the finance committee about here's what That minimum is as as what jcpc thinks the minimum on those are Comments on any of the top those three topics that I just raised. Yeah, Eric I agree with you Okay We will we will work on that and You know the whole budget process calendar is sort of the next thing on our list and We've Sonya's already been working to help us to develop that So that we can get that process piece moving So where I think that we've ended up and I'm just going to try and say Do this is that we need to make sure that there's a mech I think we've come to some common agreements that there needs to be a mechanism For continuous updates of information about the projects that we've discussed Including but not exclusively grants costs Other factors timelines All of the things that We're discussed at the beginning of the meeting and that Creating that mechanism so that there be can be continue information flow to all of the important elected bodies in appointed bodies to that that have a role in this to get that information the second is that I think there's a community Consensus that building community understanding About the needs about the options about the costs about the timetable It is important and that we Need to work together through mechanisms that we have in mechanisms that we Are creating to make sure that we Can adequately involve our community to both understand and to provide knowledgeable input about the topics that we're discussing There was a feeling that we need to Find a way to organize the conversation so that we can have a common set of Stated terminology and information that goes forward so that Not picking on my counselors are meaning to by saying this but that we provide assistance so that when we have community meetings in each district That we have a way of providing the information of helping you And making sure that we have the staffing and tools to provide to to enable you to organize the conversation in a consistent Way that's both useful for you in conducting your district meetings and allows us to get valued Valuable feedback that then we can compare across the various districts as we hear from it and also with townwide forums um There's certainly has been a consensus about needing to develop a five-year capital plan and that That we need to Work now to Get the Financial planning tool Perfected the website that will explain it and provide the information and To make sure that there's Adequate base of information which would mean things like making sure that we hear from the joint meet What's provided at the joint meeting of the school committee and the council regarding the fort river plan Our fort river study so Those were certain things that I would propose that we view as takeaways from tonight I don't know if there are any others that you have to suggest Yes, dorthy. You've mentioned this before Can we change five-year plan to ten-year plan? The the charter requires five That doesn't mean we can't do a ten-year plan. Yeah I think we did want to go ten-year, but then we decided we really want to focus in on five years And really spend a lot of time on getting the next five years as accurate as possible So it's not that we might not do ten years But I think we're going to place most of the emphasis on the next five years and updating that part of the the capital plan Anything else Charlie I'm not sure how to articulate this but what's coming up for me is also in terms of having a policy or like when we acquire new Buildings or acquire new assets the cost of maintaining those and having a consistent or clear policy around around that I will add that to this It's a sixth one if there's an agreement to do so anything else so I don't have any other business that I didn't anticipate 48 hours in advance Um, so I want to I think we're ready to adjourn both committees I really want to thank all of you for participating in what was really a very Intense and difficult meeting. I want to thank our staff um, both the staff who are here with us and uh, Anthony Delaney who assisted us but was is not here tonight um, but uh, please let him know that I recognize his contribution Because he's been very essential to this process and to the jcbc process Uh, I want to thank members of the public who took the time this evening to be with us in the comments that you contributed It was very important to hear from you and to have you as a part of this and with that, um at 9 30 I am going to adjourn both committees


He travels forward, Janak Balasi. Good ball in, on the header falls, eventually for Calvert-Lewin. It stayed out, but it's put home by Cenk Tossam. Three-in-three for him, and importantly, a lead for Everton at Stoke. Butland beaten. Cenk Tossam celebrates... ...amongst the snowflakes. Delighted, he's done it again. This was a wonderful ball in by Janak Balasi, and the save from Butland, and then somehow kept out by Staphalidis to deny Calvert-Lewin, but not Cenk Tossam. There was no way that Tossam was being denied. Take that. Dangerous one, and it's in. Cenk Tossam has got the equaliser. The substitutes only been on five minutes or so. Just stabbed it home. There's a curling free-kick in from Joe Allen. One of those difficult ones to defend. And Everton couldn't defend it. And Maxib Chupo-Moting has got the goal. He's injured in the process, but he won't mind that. And with Paul Lambert, Stoke a level, but Everton have got to try and do it all again. Get themselves back in front. Coleman again. Now Wolcott into Tossam again! Brilliant from the Turkish international. Surely now he's won it for Everton. Well, that's what, £27 million buys you. Two goals on the day for Cenk Tossam. Four now in three games for him. He's buried ahead of the on-Butland. Beaten again. Cenk Tossam shows Everton fans what he's all about. Wolcott with the ball into the box. And Tossam met it superbly. Put it into the penalty area, and he'll try and get on the end of them like this. And Butland couldn't keep it out. Great header. He got in ahead of Glenn Johnson. And Stooped to conquer. Yes, he loves it. Stoke 1, Everton 2.


He's been really good after the catch He's been really good really fast everything. He's actually been a solid card I know he's short, but he's actually been a really solid card. So we're gonna put him in a lineup here We're gonna take Calvin out. I know said I don't think Calvin should ever get out the lineup, but we're gonna use Odell here He is Dope card art for sure boys Ravens Odell. I can't lie. He's kind of washed right now in real life is sad But here we go. No abilities on him. You don't need why receiver abilities at all right now He's got 91 speed. That's the fastest stock speed in the game. You can see he's pretty good His medium route running 88. Let's see what he's got as far as juke. He's got that 91 juke 90 spin he can make some plays out there to catch at the end of the day He's the fastest he is 511 and I've said this a million times about receivers men Obviously, it's great to be six foot six, right? But there are some advantages to being small pause Whoa crazy. Don't repeat that. Anyway, so that's so the sometimes I give you in between zones and stuff like that You'll get a possession catch that'll that you'll get to the ground faster than somebody that six was six You know what I'm saying? So sometimes it is cool that we have a shorter receiver, but we'll see how Odell does I'll keep it been a lineup for a couple days here. You guys will watch this game for sure my man biscuit. Here he is biscuit Honestly on paper biscuit is the best he's better than von Miller. He's better than every edge rusher in the game He's got 88 speed. Is there a faster? Pass rushing player than Bennett right here.   There is so for me We're gonna give him a shot for sure. We're gonna use biscuit We're gonna use Miles Garrett and then we'll use von Miller I have von Miller right here at the end of the day like biscuit is better than him Biscuit has 92 black shed and 92 power move. I mean von Miller 91 power 80 side, you know for me, give me biscuit. Give me biscuit right now. Give me biscuit Love to see we'll see how he does. We still got commodity. We still got Rivas I can't wait for the new sauce sauce to recall in Mel Blunt. Now.  There it is. But anyway, this is old up back. I must see how he does boys Is there any is there any people? All right, who got kids and who has no kids? I can't lie your life is it when you don't have kids like your life isn't even started like Bro, what are you doing in life? Honestly? That's how I feel.  Hey, man, grunt and live it while you can bro. Enjoy it.  We're just gonna like Sit back relax relax and all chill.    Why can't you never get to a pic like that?  Cuz he's glowing.  I can't lie linchpin con linchpin con going crazy right now Kelsey Kim. Kelsey Kim is working Those double teams are getting locked down. I can't lie look RPO. So we fall in the ground.  We just get looked like that. Come on, man though Reeves just like Just throw it up bro. Like you just throw it up. Yeah, I'm not getting fruit punch Like dammit man, like there's just no way Linchpin. Where are we linchpin? Where are we linchpin? Get kiddle Stop clicking on what you call it. Reeves when they throw it up against Reeves. I'm about to stop clicking on That's my only philosophy right now Kettle Kittle's having himself a game I try to look I tried to swat that one.  Oh my god. Like what did like What? Oh my god How are you like Reeves get over there a little bit man?  He's going for a pick That's where pick artist just kills you because all you gotta do all dude has to do is tackle I gotta move Reeves, dude. He just literally can't guard the tight end dude. He's not even he's not even in the Facinity guard the tight end right now like house dog There's just no way cross is that good. Is he that good boys?   He just Good block Kelsey good block the Kelsey effect right there. There's your Kelsey right there, dude I really just thought they were like cover four like moving Reeves is gonna be the difference here boys. I'm telling you Moving Reeves will be the difference boys. Come on. He can guard Tyree kill now He can guard Tyree kill. Let's see.   I gotta go on the other side of the field Like it's just so bad man.     One second left for him. Why not? Why not game? Just give him one second left. Give him one more second. Why not game?  I just can't believe you would actually run right there fourth and three Why would like if you turn a ball over there?  What's he supposed to do? Just not score That was terrible time man.    I'm sorry.  Oh, did you drop that?  Well, I pay well I pay well I Reavis, I'm telling you Reavis being in that position going to be the difference Touchdown, bro. That was the one if my linchpin worked.         Come on. What are you gonna do here? It's your game It's your life right here kid.  God damn it too far dubby Come on man.  I'm like, like it's just been like Come on. He got the ball from the turnover P. Wille P. Wille come on man.   Man, that's a wild decision. I mean, you just can't kick there. You just can't You just can't kick there.    He really hasn't I would never score in this. There's not enough time to let somebody score, dude Like what are y'all talking about, bro?  Yeah, like he gonna give me a free seven. Like what the game's over now The game's definitely over now. Oh my god. There's no way he got that skinny like Oh my god, like that was the easiest walkthrough.  You're not rushing anybody.    We're blitzing We're gonna make somebody make a decision Let's put it doing all right on the runs though. Okay, it is doing all right on the runs All right, my run game is better with linchpin. You just can't kick that Like I know it seems it seems like you got kick a field on play defense But you cannot kick a field goal to go up by two with two minutes left and again You just can't imagine you really can't I might have scored because like it was more fun more fun of a game, but I like the way I was playing defense. I really didn't think like he was killing me. I really didn't No, I'm not using gunslinger right now I don't know if that's like meadow or it's not or I need it, but Declined gg gg gg good game dude good game. He didn't play bad defense At the end of the day man cover four four man rush is not bad Yeah, you can't like and they'll say oh you gotta kick a field goal trust you it's fourth and eight It's tough to get a fourth in date, but that's your fault for being in fourth and eight Dude, you gotta go for that. You cannot kick that field. Well, dude You just can't super bowl for number 10. Who is that my kicker montana joe montana There he is not quite joe montana esk, but you know Oh, but revas did make a play at the end there. He did this was supposed to be our old They'll beckham he was on the field. I don't know if he caught any passes. I really don't even know he had a couple ops


My name is Courtney Wanamaker. I'm an HTFN from Rainier, Oregon. I'm a home maintenance technician, which involves a lot of welding or brazing as well as metal fabrication and CHT, which is Plexium Holding and Transfer, which is consistent of the shipwork plumbing system. The Navy was a good choice for me because my grandfather was actually the Navy. He was the chief and when I was younger I liked to think that I was a lot like him. And so I just decided that instead of going to college that I tried a new experience, that's why I decided to go on the family tradition and try out the Navy. My career goals are ultimately to be successful really. I would like to, if I stay in the Navy, I'd like to eventually make chief, if not senior chief or higher. And if I get out as a Navy, I'd like to take advantage of the education opportunities and go into the medical field I think eventually. The people that I work with are really great people and I know that if I don't keep going and get the job done then it definitely affects people that I work with. I'm always outgoing and optimistic, always ready to work and wanting to get things done around the ship and keep everyone else around me in a positive mood.


Today we are going to talk about options if you would like to launch your own validator node and talk about what the node infrastructure landscape looks like in Ethereum currently and you know why it's important that if you can you consider running your own node. So my name is Maggie Love. I guess next slide. Clicker. Cool. So my name is Maggie Love. I'm one of the co-founders and director of ecosystem and partnerships for Web3 Cloud. I'm also the founder of SheFi and that's me on Twitter and this is Shane. So Shane is the co-founder of decentralized authority and our teams are working together on some different place in the node infrastructure space. And just a bit about Web3 Cloud. So we are a compute and storage hardware infrastructure provider powering Web3 and we're also a joint venture between consensus in advanced micro devices and really our goal is to provide the infrastructure for many Web3 protocols. So the protocols on the software side can just focus on scaling and building it Web3 natively. So building infrastructure that's Web3 native. Okay so why is validating important right? So Ethereum believes that validators will play an active part in Ethereum's future and that they are key to more secure scalable and sustainable Ethereum. I got this quote from an article. I post all the things I take from and really this is the validators are really important to Ethereum. If you heard Danny Ryan's opening talk a resiliency is incredibly important in this space and we're going to touch on that again today in this presentation. Okay so I had a spicy treat earlier this year and kind of sparked me to go further down this rabbit hole and sort of why I'm here today. It got a lot of airplane and I spent like two minutes on it so I was really surprised. All right so you know what does it mean to be decentralized and should protocols like Ethereum and others be concerned if more than you know 50% of the nodes are running on one hosting provider? What are some of the things we have to consider? You know decentralization is a key tenant at least the Ethereum ecosystem not every ecosystem and so I wanted to challenge that notion that if we say this is important are we actually decentralized and because of this tweet Hertzner so you can see there's 16.9% of the ecosystem responded to my tweet saying they were banning running Ethereum nodes on their infrastructure so they're a data center within Germany that a lot of nodes are running on so we can start to see the issues here if we're not thinking about how to decentralize across hosting providers because Hertzner did it they're smaller but potentially Amazon could do it and one of the Ethereum foundation members Peter right kind of commented on that you know it's important to update the validator ecosystem so more people can run it at home update the protocol itself and you know if that's not happening then people are gonna go with the easy hosting providers they may not be aware of some of the risks that could happen so that was a fun fun week or so of notifications and so really quickly I just wanted to do a poll because this was a big part of the debate on on the Twitter thread how many of you think centralization of node infrastructure is a concern for Ethereum okay great so all of us are here because we're probably curious about decentralization and believe it's important for a resilient protocol and so then the goal of this workshop today is to teach you about the importance of running your own node to contribute to the resilience and decentralization of the network and also to protect yourself from penalties so we'll go over today actually the Ethereum protocol incentivizes you to be running your own node and not to be aggregated in a majority of any kind and so we'll get a bit more into that so really quickly the agenda why did Ethereum move to proof of stake node infrastructure landscape and examining decentralization across layers in that landscape and then node runner options and so Shane will get up here to run you through different node runner options at the end okay so proof of stake and solo-staking 101 so she finds an educational initiative to onboard women and non-binary folks into the crypto ecosystem so I am a teacher part of my time in the space so some of this is familiar to you I like to make sure everyone's on the same page by explaining things before we dive in so a quick proof of stake glossary for those of you who may be unfamiliar so proof of stake is a consensus mechanism where validators put capital at risk by staking it to validate blocks of transactions and secure the network a consensus mechanisms are just how a blockchain protocol or a group of any time any kind really comes to this sort of source of truth about something and it's really important in blockchain protocols especially Ethereum that we have one single source of truth in order for it to function properly a staking is just the act of locking up or depositing crypto and a validator note so really what we're focusing on today is a note that processes transaction sorry adds new costs to the blockchain and stores data a little misspelling there and so they're responsible for proposing blocks of transactions and attesting the transactions and blocks are true so if you're running a validator note they were sometimes responsible for proposing the block transactions and sometimes for a testing of the transactions a different block proposal is proposing are true so that's your quick glossary for those of you who weren't familiar and so why did Ethereum move to proof of stake of reducing barriers to entry for network participants so more people have capital to stake that improve of work where you would need GPUs electricity power a lot of capital in order to validate transactions and secure the network reduce Ethereum's carbon footprint by 99.5 percent that's really exciting for the ecosystem especially when we're thinking about attracting new applications in users who are extremely concerned and because we love the earth and we wanted to be around for a long time reduce the issuance so the protocol itself you know issues less eat to the validators than improve of work and so also means that we need to issue less eat to incentivize validators to secure the network and so 51% attacks are more costly and difficult to do than they were in proof of work and it's easier to have a social recovery if something happen negative happens and then this is the point we're going to examine today and why it's in bold and so it's reducing the centralization risk of validator nodes so there's a big concern and proof of work mining of these large mining pools of a lot of GPU miners like having a somewhat control over the network and being highly centralized so proof of stake is supposed to reduce that you know a group of validator nodes having a lot of power and so what are the requirements if you would like to be a validator in theory of proof of stake and so you know to participate in any consensus mechanism to participate in a network to be allowed to potentially earn rewards for doing so you must commit some type of capital and proof of stake it's 32 ETH and this collateral can be penalized or you can slash if the validator is lazy or dishonest so you're putting up that capital at risk likely incentivize you to behave well because you would not like to lose money and also you have to run three pieces of software so if you want to run your own solo validator node it's not just about putting up the capital there's a bit more work to it so you have to run an execution client and consensus client and a validator and so why solo valley you'll earn ETH directly from the protocol so if you're staking with Lido or Coinbase or some other exchange they're gonna take a cut of those earnings for running those validators for you and so Coinbase takes about 25% cut of earnings from stakers your keys in your crypto so when you're staking with other entities they ultimately have your private keys and so you ultimately do not have final access to your crypto which is not the case if you solo validate your complete control of your validator and your crypto control of the clients and hardware set up as recommended hardware setups but you know you can you're not locked into one type of setup and reduce the risk of large events slashing so we're gonna go over this a bit more but if you're joining a large pool that has majority of the network and if something happens to that pool they go offline they have trouble accessing the network you're going to get slash is part of that but if you're a solo staker you're not gonna run into that risk and then once again you don't have to trust a third party for running the node and information coming from that node is true so you know whenever you're staking with somebody else and they're managing all the infrastructure and information coming from that node or even if you're running a decentralized application and you're not running your own nodes you always have to trust wherever you're getting information from is true right and this is what we're excited about your solo staking you're improving the resilience robustness decentralization and security of the Ethereum protocol but there are some challenges with solo validating and so this morning this was the price of 32 ETH which is not accessible to many who want to stay at home even if we think about how large DevCon is right now it was not this large for the past other DevCon and so we're having a lot of new participants joining our ecosystem and it's really hard to accumulate 32 ETH so there is still a cost of hardware electricity ongoing maintenance of these nodes it's not set it and forget it in your home you have to have technical know-how to develop and operate in a theory of validator so there's lots of tutorials but if you're not very technical it will be difficult a secure key management so whenever you're managing your own keys you have to have very good practices around keeping it secure if you lose your keys it's not a good situation for you and so you also want to make sure you have a stable internet connection and so reduces the risk of slashing or penalties and maximizes rewards and then as you know right now even if you're staking with a non-liquid staking protocol I should say so on an exchange or on your own your Ethereum is locked up until the Shanghai update I believe or upgrade and right now post-merge it's about six to twelve months but there's no exact timeline so that means you can't do anything with that ETH while it's locked up you can't put it anywhere else or use it anywhere else in the ecosystem you can't sell it it's locked up until this next upgrade and so also we won't get to in the weeds about this but solo-stakers are at greater risk of a denial of service attack or DOS because your if you're chosen to be the block producer other players in the network can actually see that because you're not in a pool so you're not obfuscated and so they can actually you can have a denial of service if you're not familiar with it with what a denial of service attack is us a lot of averages are commonly a denial of service attack so all those memes on the internet you see them about going down happen from it's not to you know so what is the validator landscape reality taking into account the requirements and the challenges so right what a person doesn't have 30 teeth what if they don't have the technical know-how what if they don't have the time and ability to continue managing after so she could stick via a service a pool or an exchange and these options are wonderful because they increase the participation of individuals staking in the ethereum network but they aren't ideal for resilience robustness security and all those things we want for the ethereum protocol and so then knowing this knowing that there's more options what is the actual state of the valedictor landscape today so really quickly the theory validator landscape has many players and so we have a smart contract platforms so they're ones like ethereum we have software infrastructure providers we have hardware infrastructure providers as well they have solo stakers we have liquid staking protocols we have staking service businesses liquid stakers and we have investors so there's actually many players that contribute to the staking landscape and so today for the rest of this presentation before we get into the node running options we're going to look at the decentralization of the different layers of the node landscape so hosting providers 60 plus percent of ethereum nodes are hosted on centralized services I think the number is actually closer to 70 pool distribution so you know the different rules and how much eat they have staked in them or how much dominance they have a lot of coin base crackin binance etc node client diversity so it's really important that we're not all running the same node client so we're going to examine that and then geographic node distribution right we don't want to all be running our nodes out of US Virginia East the big Amazon data center and then coin ownership distribution right so depending on how much you know power and staked capital you have on the network especially these rules you're gonna have more coins and more rewards and you know more potential political say so first we're gonna look at the node distribution so this doesn't break down by hosting providers but you can see hosting is 63.9% this is taken from ethernodes.org you can go there right now and you can look up these charts in real time and so right now most people aren't solo staking most people are staking with some type of provider that's staking with hosting provider and so what this actually looks like this was the chart that made the tweet blow up and actually the number of nodes on Amazon have increased since my tweet in August and so hosting distribution so Amazon we still have quite a few on Hearthster and so right if you know Amazon cannot process blocks something happens to all those nodes they're such a supermajority that would impact everybody staking on that infrastructure and you might not be aware because you're staking through service provider that you would be in that flashing pool so it's definitely something to consider and then just the performance right of the network you know we're familiar with in the proof of work world when there was high transaction volume things would get expensive transactions would get dropped it was really unpleasant experience this can still happen if something if there's some type of outage with Amazon it can make the user experience and actually doing transactions very poor even if the entire network doesn't go down itself so then we have depositors by category as you can see it's staking pools is the largest and then exchanges so the combined staking pool plus exchanges really makes up the majority of what's being deposited on the network and you know that has many other implications oh I went back and so in September you know 13.5 million ETH were staked so a lot of money and more than 60% of the ETH was sitting with Lido Coinbase Crackin and Binance so all of these entities have a much higher likelihood of being assigned to produce blocks of transactions because they have more staked ETH and so some of the concerns that were brought up when this happened or when this was realized as obviously they're getting more of the rewards they're earning most of the money coming from the network and there's a lot of discussion around censoring transactions around the network a lot of the amuse me boost if you're aware of what happened with OFAC sanctions and tornado cash these entities producing blocks were able to censor transactions that are based on OFAC sanctions and so allowing you know unequal access and making Ethereum not a neutral network and so more importantly this is happening right now you can see what's going on between Lido and others is that they're defining the rules on block formation and what type of blocks get created once again so they can say like these type of transactions can be included in blocks these types of transactions should not be included in blocks so they're going to be able to set the rules of how things work in a theory of a mistake and then other staking entities if they don't follow these rules could be penalized so it's really important that not you know one group of entities producing blocks are creating the rules for the entire network and so this is from Martin Copeland if you don't follow him I highly suggest it founder of NOSIS and OG Ethereum a person and I believe now working on NOSIS chain she has a lot of great material around kind of like watching what's happening since the merge so you know a lot of people agreed that it's not great that you know Lido and Coinbase are producing all the blocks and so another type of you know decentralization or in this case diversity that's really important to blockchain networks is client diversity and so right now you can see gap is 77% of the consensus client so what people are running and so once again Peter he's another good person to follow if you're more curious about what's happening you know it is similar to all the NOS are being hosted in one place or there's a lot in a pool if something happens the consensus client later people also get flashed you're running that same consensus client and so you know I read an article that it's not great to have one consensus client it's better to have a majority in Ethereum purposely sorry a diversity I've had multiple clients running but it's actually worse to have multiple clients and one in a supermajority that it is to have one consensus client so it is something people are working on and there are other clients that you can run so you can see once again there are ways to monitor it you can find it but it's still you know gas is in the lead and it's a big concern for many people that are worried about the health of the network so really quickly just a couple examples so there are risks of infrastructure hosting pool and client centralization so in any of these groups if one third of the validators or like slightly more than one third are running to an issue the network will start slashing that group so anybody that's in that group and why so consensus needs two-thirds of validator agreement and so if you're in a group that's more than one third of the nodes running into issues that group gets slashed until the amount of heat inside that group is below one third of the total stake so you just keep and when we say slash it means that it is being taken from you and so if you're in that group you're gonna just kind of bleed eat until you're less than one third and so right now the Ethereum network has three major attack factors within clients prism lighthouse or gas and so if something goes wrong in those that whole group starts getting slashed and like really quickly once again Amazon has an outage issue or decides to censor and they have 53% of the hosting nodes right now these nodes will all start getting slashed until the value is less than one third and so you know going from 53% below to 33% before the slashing would end so anyone hosted on Amazon would suffer as a part of that and so you as an individual don't have control because you're part of this potential slashing group and also as I mentioned you may have no idea where your nodes are being hosted if you're going through some other type of service provider and right once again 80% it was about 77 use the gas client if something happens with the gas client and they make a mistake on the client 80% of the network would be slashed and so like the network cannot finalize in these cases it can't come to finality which is important for updating the state of the network and the penalties are much more severe for those using gas because of the inactivity leak so everyone using gas is impacted and so their stake is burned or slashed until the beacon chain can finalize again and this is just a repeat bullet so whether it's hosting whether it's pool because the pool is hosting there or the pool in general or whether it's at the client consensus level there's a lot of risk of centralization and you being penalized as a validator so like to what degree does decentralization matter in these networks there's like a big debate on that and like every blockchain protocol has their own version of how decentralized they want to be and there was a talk by tech from noses chain and you know he was mentioning that noses chain wants to be one of the most decentralized networks and that there tends to be a bit of a tragedy of the commons when it comes to decentralization or it's like this creeping phenomenon where people don't actually care about it until it's too late so until this large group starts getting slashed so not something that matters because the performance of the network is running fine and most users probably especially ones not at a technical developer conference are not that worried about decentralization they're worried about you know being able to successfully use their app and right the ethereum network goal is to be incredibly neutral resilient scalable and global settlement layer and the very validator goal you probably have or if you're stating somewhere else is to be performant validator earn rewards and avoid penalties and so right as we've been as I mentioned today the theorem network actually encourages decentralization less penalties for running your own validator node for running your own individual client for not hosting or going through a pool and in general the ethereum community is working across all these points of centralization two ways to decentralize these different aspects so the node infrastructure layer the pools the client diversity the geographic distribution and block construction so these are things and coin distribution this is not a presentation that ethereum ecosystem is like for the first time hearing they're very aware of all these things and working very hard to improve the resilience to centralization and even different steaky providers are trying to you know distribute where they run their notes okay so I'm gonna pass it to Shane from decentralized authority to talk about different node running options right so having an understanding now of kind of the the landscape within ethereum and the requirements for being a runner what options are there for actually running your own nose so actually let me get the clicker from you there you go so no broader landscape advanced users the world is a roister because you know they can there are gonna be some skills required here in advance user we're talking about you understand Linux administration you understand networking scripting docker these are all skills that you have and so because of that you have numerous resources for learning about which nodes you want to run which clients you want to run how you want to run them there's a lot of documentation with every single client about becoming an ethereum validator with them there's no limitation on the location of where you want to host your nose and there's no limitation on the client choice because you can take anything and run with it because you have the skills to be able to do that you can also create custom tooling so your developer your your competent on the node running side you can also develop your own tooling for monitoring for notifications things of that nature so if you're an advanced user there's a lot of options for you out there now the entry level users so these are the folks that don't have all of the all the skills mentioned above well good news there are three different GUI based software options so this significantly streamlines the level of skill that you need in order to run a validator you might be limited on the location of where you can host that validator we'll get into some of that but with with an entry node or with an entry level user you're much more likely to probably want to run it at home you also might be limited on the client choice because if you're using a software platform you're limited to whatever software or whatever clients that software has available to you but the good news is minimal skills required most mostly it's copy and paste with anything that you know any commands that you have to do it's just copy and paste so there are really good options out there so that's what I want to talk about entry level so this is a cerium I believe it's pronounced this is a very cool option it's I'm categorizing it as a remote server control control so what you do is you can actually install their application on its cross-platform to so Windows Mac Linux you install it on your on your computer and then you can connect it to a remote server they have a very simple tutorial on like setting up a remote server with different cloud providers but really what happens is after you just sign up for a server you can actually point their application to that server and then the application takes care of everything and it actually does it through a really cool technology called ansible so it basically is able to send send commands to the server to set it up perfectly for you the good and so with this kind of setup entry or skill wise you can be an office they have great tutorials it's very simple to set up time wise you're looking at maybe about an hour or less if you're following their tutorials it can be done very efficiently notable features it's got a complete GUI user experience everything's in-house they're not using third parties they built everything internal it's a really great suite in that sense I get a lot of patient freedom because this is a remote node controller you can host your node really anywhere on any kind of provider and so you really have a lot of location freedom you have extensive client options they do a great job with giving you tons of different client options so you could actually take a look at those charts that you were showing on okay which ones are over that 33% and you most likely don't want to be in that group because if something happens so say you're with prism and something happens to the prism client there's a mistake in an update what have you what happens is if they're over one third that whole group is going to start getting slashed so you want to be in a smaller client group and that's actually what's brilliant about how theory is designed is a one-client diversity so that you don't have the whole network hinging on one client another platform of auto this is a really cool platform it's different than the other one because this is a hardware platform so this is something where you have to actually buy their hardware in order to use their software so it's kind of like that complete package which is great for some users where they just want to buy it and have a real easy kind of point-and-click setup but you know you do need to buy their hardware you can't just use it on your own hardware you see and you also don't have hardware choice but skill level wise novice very easy to use we're talking an hour maybe a little bit more it's a little bit there's a few more steps in it but it's still a great user experience so notable features is there's no OS configuration because you're buying the hardware you don't have to set up the OS it's a full package in that way they also have a really impressive app store where you can deploy notes from other blockchains or other clients and it's really cool for validation though from my understanding I think there's a limitation on what clients they currently offer for validators so you might be limited in your client choice with a platform like about it until they add more clients that can be used as a validator probably the most popular that people know is that node so that node it's a server platform so this is one where if you have your own server you can set up and run it skill level wise I give this a moderate and the reason I give it a moderate is because there's a lot of options so for some users having that that amount of options to actually be something that is very intimidating and so but there are some great tutorials that you know can take people through you know setting setting everything up for a dat node it takes a little bit more time because there are more options there's a few more things you need to set up but their approach is really cool so notable features wise they have this modular approach so you can choose you know different monitoring tools that you want to use with your with your node and they have a really cool way of just being able to kind of create this this way of just deploying different packages as they call them deploying different packages that are kind of part of your validator suite if you will so there's a lot of customization there they have a very simplified OS installer so you can actually install it from a one to image that they provide and just streamlines the whole process so there's less that people have to do they have a very impressive app store as well far beyond actually nodes they also allow you to host your own dApps and things of that nature and so there's a lot of options especially in a theory of the ecosystem there's a lot of options that you can do it that is a very impressive platform and it's advanced user friendly so advanced users can actually do a lot of modifying there's a lot of kind of there's kind of this like tweaking community inside of that know where people are able to set things up in a certain way you know she's certain goals and so that's a really cool advantage to being kind of this platform is there's places you can go far beyond whatever's in the just in the gooey itself so no software is the best way to decentralize and that is my argument and the reason I'm saying that is because no software can encourage anyone to run validators from home you don't have to use a cloud platform if you can easily and simply run validate your notes at home it ensures that updates and best practices are being applied so it's if they say someone wants to run a theory validator but they but they don't have software options they're gonna have to go through these very complex tutorials on trying to copy and paste all these commands into you know terminal in order to try to get it all working but they don't know exactly if everything's working properly they don't really understand how everything's working that's actually where no software can come in because it can standardize how things operate and ensure that best practices are being deployed when you deploy the node when you deploy a validator it also simplifies client adoption you know ultimately if you have options inside these software platforms you can choose you know which clients you want to use ultimately that's where software can go and software can make it just really easy for people to pick their clients and pick the small ones and the unused ones so so what are some challenges to developing no software if that's kind of one of the key ways that we can really encourage people to run at home what are some of the challenges well it requires full stack development skills so we're talking back in the front so you have to be really familiar with the whole back end you have to be able to deploy notes understand doctor or if you're just deploying them directly onto the OS there's a lot that you have to figure out on that side plus you have to worry about the front end so you really the software has to be really a full stack software in order to really be able to meet all the requirements to be a good running no software we're also talking about you have to have a deep understanding of no running itself you have to understand the best practices you have to understand what your software needs to look for XYZ while also you know right brain left brain you also have to think about the user the creative side of figuring out user experience what we'll engage users will make them want to use your software so you really have to have a deep understanding on both sides of that minimal no tooling is there's minimal no tooling that's kind of weird sense but minimal no minimal tooling is out there for people who are wanting to develop no software that's just kind of the reality of where we're at right now so it's all one I want to develop no software you're kind of starting from scratch you've got to develop everything on your own with all this understanding and so that's those are kind of the challenges that we see right now in getting more notes software out more people but I didn't really give an introduction to decentralized authority what we're doing is we're developing software in specifically no software and so I wanted to talk a little bit about how we can see the no landscape changing with no software with tools like no launcher which is a type script no deployment engine so no launcher is an open source no deployment engine written in type script that enables the easy creation of no development applications so if someone wants to create a application that is for running knows what no launcher does is it allows them to start developing that application without needing to understand the back end because it's a full deployment engine it will deploy the nodes in the proper way using API's the features those can be deployed and controlled through standard API's you don't have to know how to deploy something on Docker all the proper Docker configs all this stuff you just simply need to be able to understand a type script API which type script is amazing for application development and you can be off to races to develop your own no software you are able to programmatically deploy those and upgrade them to validators so one of the what does programmatically mean here in this case like with the other platforms that we showed there's there's there's manual steps that you have to take in the in the process you either have to copy a file over here you have to you have to save this you have to do you know so there's in the process of deploying a note with those other software platforms there are certain processes that require human intervention programmatically means you're able to do this entirely through programs so you can actually have all the elements that would require you know a human to copy this over here to do this over here you can have that all done in a programmatic way so it creates a much more seamless user experience and you have way more control over the nodes and how they're configured because it's all programmatically designed you have seamless client updates with no launcher if there's a new client we and it's actually ties in with this point down here we have a client test suite so I'll kind of tackle these in a scenario that's happened recently where we have a client test suite where when a new client comes out we're able to test it against this library to make sure that nothing breaks inside of this library which node applications can use well earlier this year the geth geth nodes came out with a new version that actually sunset a configuration and it wasn't like widely used but it was a configuration in there but it wasn't in the release notes so we actually put it through our testing or our test suite and we realized we were getting all these flags we reached out to them like oh yeah they were you know sunsetting this you know but it wasn't in the release notes so there's there's there's elements to where you know either on the client side they can just make an update to something not realizing that other people might be using different configurations that would affect that this is where no launcher comes in by this can actually eliminate so eliminate that attack vector or not necessarily attack vector but that slash event where if there's a problem with geth and there's a feature that people are requiring and that's suddenly taken away and it's not realized how widely is used no launcher would catch that before the upgrade happens so that's the advantage of some of thinking thinking holistically about the back end of running those so this is an example of what a simple API could look like so for for application developers this is what you need to allow your application to deploy a theory value for the developers out there this is simple this is super simple you're not having to touch Docker you're not having to touch anything on the system the library itself is doing everything for you in the back end with best practices and this is all you have to add to your application so no launcher is it in use yes it is no launchers been well battle tested through no pilot no pilot is a consumer facing node management software that we've been developing we're currently in beta we're hoping to come out with version one Q one the next year and make it fully open source so far thousands of nodes and validators have been actually launched through no pilot so it's been heavily used it started off primarily in another network pocket network which actually serves RPC calls to a theory application so it's a really cool it's really cool synergy there but but the interesting thing about no pilot is the fact that no pilot is 62% CSS 25% SCSS and 13% JavaScript so we're talking about like a web application but yet it's able to run and deploy nodes and create a user interface and user experience that allows more people to have access to node running and it's just a simple application ultimately with no launcher any developer can start creating no deployment applications like no pilot we want to open up this space so that there's innovation happening on the user side of node software because we want more and more users to be attracted to the space and more user can be attracted to the space when we have these kind of when we have these kind of software that meet different users with where they're at or the features that they're looking for we can see that innovation start to grow with tools like no launcher and so we've actually begun testing no launcher with Ethereum no launcher we successfully launched a test net Ethereum validator last week using entirely only no launcher so we're very excited about that we saw some refactoring to or we were in the middle of refactoring I was talking to the dev yesterday he's like well yeah well the version right now has some bugs because I was refactoring and broken so right now what we currently have in our github is broken but that's the beauty of what we're doing is we're we're we're building it out and we're and once we're ready to make a production ready it's in a right now it's in its own dedicated branch but once we push the master then anyone could actually use no launcher to create a validator for Ethereum. We want to add multiple clients by the end of the year development progress can be followed on our github which is no launcher decentralized authority github and we hope to see developers use this tool or use tools like no launcher to create next generation of software where a super user focused super super feature rich so that it can attract more people to want to you know if they're considering hey should I put my should I put my stake in a staking service which I run on my own it's just so simple to run on your own and there's so many options for running on your own that you don't even need to consider giving your keys and putting your trust in someone else. So kind of in conclusion then with everything that Maggie talked about and then what I'm kind of closing here with in conclusion Ethereum is designed for optimal decentralization. It's really designed to push folks to decentralization by having those large slashing events where if you're part of too large of a group you know using a certain client or on a certain cloud provider you'll start getting slashed. There's an issue there. It really incentivizes the run at home decentralized kind of ecosystem. Validators can protect themselves by potentially from potentially large losses by avoiding over saturated cloud providers. AWS 53% it's starting to get to a point where it's a risk if you deploy on AWS simply because if something happens there even if it just goes offline they have a DNS error you know and something goes offline which happened last year they had entire data centers going down because an admin accidentally pushed a patch to their DNS that broke everything that you know those kind of those kind of simple things could actually affect the entire network. So it's becoming a risk to be on these large platforms and then use clients with less utilization in the network itself right now if you're using prison or lighthouse you're in that 40% range. So if something were to happen to either of those clients you could potentially see large losses. But the good news is there are great options for entry level users to participate in the Ethereum validation. I definitely encourage you to go look at those options they are listed on ethereum.org when it says stake ethereum and they talk about different options. All these options are there because they were open source all three that I mentioned. They're really great options. There's no reason to not run your own theory note today. But then kind of looking to the future we are very excited we're very bullish on where no software can go and the kind of user experience that can become standard for no software. And you know we're excited to be working on our side on the tooling side whether your cloud is working on the infrastructure and hardware side. So really the future is super bright with Ethereum validation we want to encourage everyone to run their own Ethereum nodes on their own. So that's thanks for joining us. I think are we doing like a Q&A because we have like 12 minutes do we have 12 minutes. Okay. Yeah. If folks have any questions about any of this let us know. Yes. Yeah. So so specific. So I'm not a developer. So how exactly no launchers are Yeah. No launcher is dealing with secrets. Yes. What we what we do have is the RPC password for those nodes are actually being stored in memory. So there are elements that are being stored in memory with no launcher and so they're not in plain text. Now we're still developing Ethereum and figuring out how are we going to handle all of you know handle everything handle all the secrets but we're building into node launcher ways to protect from having from having you know plain text anything on your server because we feel like that that's where no software should go to where there's a lot of security around how you're what's being stored on your server and how it's being stored. And so utilizing something like memory is one way that you can put the password inside of inside the memory and not have it be sitting on your server itself. So the RPC password. But you can actually check out the GitHub as a developer and you could figure out how a lot of that's working. So I'm not a developer so I can't get into all the specifics about it but that's kind of a general understanding of what we're building towards. Thank you very much. This was really useful. So two questions. One. The only thing stopping me from running a node at home. I mean like locally is that I don't have a good connection. I live in a very remote area. So perhaps I'll do I don't know update on the best like set up for that. And the second question is if I don't have 32 ETH and I want to run something at home is there an option. So so to address the first one if you have bad internet so how penalties work in a theory of for being lazy right.  The that's considered a penalty. So what a penalty can be is it can either be a reduced in rewards that you receive or it could actually be where what you would have gotten if you're operating optimally is deducted. So your slash very small amount. So say you're so in a day you know maybe your internet goes out for 30 minutes or something like that. You're deducted what profit you would have made in that 30 minutes. So you lose out on that those 30 minutes of reward. But then it essentially is almost like you lost an hour right of rewards because it's deducted right. So so that's where you can kind of gauge you know you might not be as profitable even if you're in an area where your internet kind of cuts in and out or something like that. You just need to kind of gauge what that might look like. And maybe it's worth running a validator on one of the test networks to kind of see what the performance is like to see okay would this be profitable with this be worth going. But then there are you know solutions and I'll mention Web3Cloud that are putting putting a lot of work into getting servers and getting hardware into different parts of the world into different regions that are kind of outside of the you know cloud gig so that if you really do have that internet there there will be options where you can deploy you know to to hardware providers that aren't tied to that same like cloud cluster that we were talking about earlier. Was that both of your questions? Oh, if you don't have 32E.  But you can you know there are other staking pooling options like Rocket Pool is a is a good one. Also if you have friends that trust you then maybe you can aggregate some people do aggregate ETH amongst groups of friends who may not have enough ETH and then you know adding a point of trust but it's an option. Yes, sir. That would be the case I would say if if no software was being taken seriously. So with no software people could minimize a lot of cost and and also minimize certain risks by just running at home.  Sure, you can go that way and send money each month, or you can have an old laptop running where you're keeping all the rewards and you don't have that overhead and it's that simple to run that. So I think you're right in terms of just what tends to happen in these kind of ecosystems. But but I think because of the way that that theory is approached through such a state where they intentionally put in mechanisms to incentivize more and more decentralization, I think the market will will match that. Right. And I believe there are going to be a lot of options for no software in the future. There's already three great ones out there. We're building one ourselves and we're building tools that allow more people to build them. So I think the future is really bright with that. So that's my thought. May I ask if no launchers capable to integrate the dbt no department? I'm sorry, what? No department? dbt? Disgeputed by data technology? Something like that's what I'm not particularly familiar. What no launcher is in a really simple term is it's a it's actually like an API engine for Docker. So it allows you to put type script commands, and then it automatically converts it into what will be either sent to Docker or sent to a container inside of Docker. So because of that, yes, like it that no launcher could actually be used for any container, any container system, we're focused on nodes, because that's our focus. But you can actually use no launcher at basically JavaScript API to build any kind of container based node infrastructure or container based application or management. So it's very adaptable. It can apply to any parts of the node, any parts of any container. One of the things we're building right now is the ability to deploy multiple containers. So there's some like polygon that require multiple containers, right in order to run their node. It's actually multiple nodes. So we're building in that ability to have all those nodes all orchestrated and working together without needing to do it manually because it's all handled through the engine itself. Thank you. So there are so on ethereum.org, there's all that information. So definitely check it out there. From what I remember from looking at last night is they recommend kind of on the low side or on the recommended side was a i7 4470, which is like a 15 year old processor. So so yeah, I said from like 15 years ago or something. So anyways, yeah, ethereum is very well equipped for minimal hardware requirements, unlike a lot of other networks out there. No, you just on the server itself needs to have those requirements, which are very minimal. And then their application, I believe you can just run any computer that's running either Windows, Linux or Apple or Mac. So got two minutes. Yeah, absolutely. Like so we don't have to integrate right now. I was actually just talking about it yesterday about it. We don't have it integrated now. But it's literally service that you run alongside your theory validation. So it's a container. Yes, we can install it. And that's what no launcher does makes running containers super easy, and able to do it in a programmatic way to where it all automatically connects. So yes, maybe it's absolutely possible. Hey, um, sorry. Yes, thank you both for for the talk. Um, I been running with my own hardware, wanted to get like a recommendation on like, when the setup was pretty complicated, like you mentioned, like the resources from the theorem foundation, then they point to a random guy's medium post, and another random guy's medium post, which is not updated, or how do I know if it's a day or not. And good luck if you want to run any that are not like gif and like a typical combination of prism or like, right, like the limitation for anything that's not like the main ones are not existent. So um, first question, is there a source of truth in documentation, which I can follow like, to set up my own hardware we do to server, and like go through it. I mean, I'm not not no machine or anything, but like I can. Yeah, I would eat that work is is the best place official Ethereum documentation from the Ethereum Foundation is probably the best. But also it also depends on the client that you're using. So different clients do have different hardware requirements from my understanding each client in their documentations, specifically state what their hardware requirements are. So I would actually look at the documentation for the client and see what the requirements are for that for that. Now, the one thing you do need to be aware of is as Maggie mentioned, you have to run a execution client, you have to run a beacon client or consensus client, and you have to run a validator, which is really just a consensus client. That's only job is to be validator. So you have to run three different clients. So even though maybe the the one client has certain hardware requirements, you have to also look at what other clients are going to be using.   And you know, use the information that Maggie gave you in terms of the usage on where how how utilizing clients are to make a decision. Cool. And just one, I don't want to put you in a tough spot, right? But for the sake of decentralization, is it am I better off like going into, well, I don't think I could go to that note or about it because I'm running my own hardware, but like using something like stereo, or am I like exposing myself to a to any to any risks? If I go like install everything myself? Well, for one, you can use that note on your own hardware. So that of auto is the only one where you have to have your their hardware. So you could actually on your own server use that note. But I can't really speak to actually the ethereum.org they actually do give in talking about these different options. They do list out different features or different elements to them where like some of them have been audited, right? Some haven't, right? So you could actually potentially use that as a way to gauge. But you know, most of the time was something like, yeah, you know, it was stuff like both that node and cerium, you know, they're your those aren't things that are exposed to the public, right? So the application is just sitting on your computer and then that's connected. So if your computer would be hacked is how serious it would be hacked. So the app would have to be hacked from being on your computer to be hacked. So there's going to be a risk no matter what options you use. But yeah, there is some information on the theory network or the theory about that. Great, sharing money. Thank you so much. Thank you, everyone, for being here so early in the morning. As I mentioned on last day of com, you can follow us to stay up to date on what's going on with no launcher. And if you're a protocol looking for no software or even hardware infrastructure and want to decentralized, you should contact us because that's what we care about what we like to do. So thank you so much.


Bemidji State students are back for a new semester with a new interim dean of students. Dr. Jesse Grant has held a variety of positions in higher level education over his 23 year career. Most recently he served as an academic advisor and enrollment specialist at Eastern Gateway Community College in Youngstown, Ohio. Grant will oversee services for American Indian and veteran students along with housing, recreation, dining, the student union and student conduct. I wanted to bring vibrancy to our student life offerings. It's already there. It's just a matter of looking at it very differently and so making sure that our students have the best wonderful experience. Grant's position will last until the end of June 2018. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Difference between two and four from espressoenglish.net Don't say, I'm studying every day for improve my English. The correct sentence is, I'm studying every day to improve my English. It can be difficult to know when to use two and when to use four, so I'm going to give you some examples in this lesson. Use two for destination. We're going to Paris. Use two when talking about what time it is, particularly when you're talking about minutes before an hour. For example, it's a quarter to two. Use two when talking about distance. It's about ten miles from my house to the university. Use two when comparing, specifically when using the word prefer. You can say, I prefer sleeping to working. Use two when giving something to someone. For example, I gave the book to my sister. Use two when talking about a motive or reason with a verb. For example, I came here to see you. Use two when talking about a function with a verb in the two form. For example, a ladle is a big spoon used to serve soup. Use four in these cases. Benefits. Yogurt is good for your digestion. Use four when talking about a period of time. We've lived here for two years. You can use four when talking about scheduling. For example, I made an appointment for May 3rd. Four can also express being in support of something. For example, are you four or against the development of nuclear weapons? Use four when doing something to help someone. For example, could you carry these books for me? Use four when talking about a motive or reason with a noun. For example, let's go out for a drink. And use four for function with the verb in the ing form. For example, a ladle is a big spoon used for serving soup. Let's take a closer look at examples six and seven. When talking about a motive or reason, use two plus a verb and four plus a noun. For example, I came to New York to work. I came to New York for a new job. When talking about function, we can use two or four, but two is followed by the base form, and four is followed by the ing form of the verb. This machine is used to make copies. This machine is used for making copies. I hope now you have a better idea of when to use two and when to use four. If you want to continue learning, check out my Advanced English Grammar course, which will help you take your English from good to great. Click on the link in the video or in the description for more information and registration.