like oh there there's some human characteristics behind him kind of like the joker with the dark knight they try to make him not just your typical villain you don't have to be like the most evil person ever in the history of anything you guys uh you can actually have some human characteristics you guys should refresh I'm gonna I'm gonna post it again so you guys can get there but Gareth's released a uh sexy man boob 300 subspecial and you should just check out the thumbnail dear look at that thumbnail oh boy hold up I'm pulling up YouTube oh my god wow that was that was quick Jared we'll probably we'll probably finish with that oh my god look at his bed holy shit that's some lower expansion right there the mattress the mattress is it's no we're looking inside we're looking inside the mattress the mattress the mattress has no cover it's just the springs holy shit how do you do that to a bed I've never seen the inside of a mattress before and wow wow and that's that's what the inside of a mattress as we're watching that as soon as I don't know put that up on the screen wall or so people can see it oh my god it's only yeah it's only a minute are we watching that too hot for YouTube my expectations are subverted well we'll give this a little bit more time but I mean that statement right there the whole bad people don't love like or it's it's what do you say it was it was disgusting or it was revolted let me back up just a bit piece of knowledge just so Thanos could kill her for manufactured stakes and using that death to prove that this abuser actually really does love her is legitimately revolted yeah I genuinely like I feel kind of condescending to say but it's like how naive are you do you think bad people don't love people do you think abusers don't love people maybe he thinks films are films have a responsibility to show that evil people are just evil throwing through to the core there's nothing human about them do you think that love can only be a good like happy positive thing that there's no toxic love do you know what some people do when they're like massively in love do you know what stalkers are I mean I was in abusive relationship for two years so it's this is why I this is why I'm saying I think you're naive I think you have no idea what these what the scope of love is I think that you've um you've looked at Marvel and said Marvel is saying that love isn't just happy and nice and that's disgusting it's like ooh hey someone said someone said Jews like people too no they don't that's just fucked up and rude we're talking about the real murder and murdered everyone she's ever known no just half of half of them this is important he only kills half of them yep there is a purpose to what he's doing I don't think he caught that cared about I don't know somebody's seeing the film through their own personal lens at this point just right would be very impressed see he gave her a knife which she uses on him and is crying over what's a little bit poetic wouldn't you say yeah it's like it's like poetry they rhyme exactly are you saying she love crying over what she fucking that was her whole life was with him that's all she knows yeah like what is wrong with you do you not understand that love is just not happy shiny everything what is wrong with you man why why are you trying to box in the emotion the the the experience of love Hitler's love of Germany drove him to do some kind of questionable things I don't this is insane this is terrible is that what you're saying and that's coming from the guy that gave you all the credit in the world this is a decision you made and all roads lead to huh sad music dude his his tone on this video is all over the fucking place this video is fucking awful I'm not even surprised anymore that he's the writer the empire strikes back ruined everything we took the wrong lessons from it every big clearly you did chapter what is the empire strikes back after you see he started his film with that music and saying that and now we're at part quattro or whatever the fuck french word or and now he's talking about it again so it's something all right then lessons from it every big franchise middle chapter feels the pole of empire the big act two then learns the wrong lessons and I get it act two the night is always darkest before the dawn but we're just trying to be unrelenting at this point oh spider man's gonna beg for his life dope dope what is your point here you know you these people understand how dead silent this theater was I don't I I think he's saying they took it too far but like who are you to say that they took it too far or didn't take it far enough what is your argument let me back let's take a look lenting at this point oh spider man's gonna beg for his life dope no we didn't like that that's yeah it means we didn't like it it means a lot we like the character a lot it's a great character so seeing him go like that in a that's the thing these when they die or whatever it's not like this heroic death you know it's not noble or anything they just disappear it's not something you can fight against either like does he just not like the concept of drama is it horrifying to him I don't know I think maybe that is the idea maybe the idea of conflict to him is or is it the we you know like the most common complaints the MCU was getting was the there was never any repercussions for any of the events everyone goes back to normal so like they do this and now they've gone too far you're not allowed to do this this is too much empire strikes back got it right when it chopped Luke's hand off and sent Han into carbonite that's what you're supposed to do I don't get it look there's absolutely no way to say the adventures infinity war is a bad film okay it's an astonishing and occasionally tiring awesome thing that's why mileage varies on how different people react to different films it seems to take some cheap shortcuts in an effort to have the universe pay attention to a man who doesn't listen to logic or reason with terrible ideas but he does listen to logic and reason his own yeah complicated it's not yeah he does use logic and reason to find a solution if you remember the part where he says like dr strange criticizes him and I think the two times that he is at all about perspective he says oh yeah you're a prophet for predicting everyone was going to die from lack of resources and he says I'm a survivor so it's like oh you get an idea of how he considers himself and then he says that um you know he suggested a solution and then um dr strange says yeah genocide and then he came back with um what's the line he says something like where i'm going with this is that he would change he wouldn't say genocide he would say salvation for example he's got internal logic and it's fucked but it's there consistent and do a bunch of aggressively violent stuff to kill have the universe because he bullheadedly thinks he's right off the universe it's not aggressively violent stuff he literally poofs the amount of existence he actually says that's why it's preferable it's mercy they don't have to be murdered well you know depending on your definition don't have to starve or be killed by people in desperation yeah like come on this is just you're not giving the movie any credit here you just like dropping out loads of details even when people tell him he's not a little one it's a simple calculus this universe is finite it's resources finite if life is left unchecked life will cease to exist it needs correct you don't know that i'm the only one who knows that i think at 2018 that do you think that proves something anyone um well if i'm wondering why that scene doesn't tell mickey anything i he's like he taught again he keeps coming back to that scene he tortured her to get the soul stone to complete his plan if like let me level with you mickey if you thought that there was there was a button in your house you could press that'll save everyone and that the only thing stopping you was like a like a cat that was permanently stuck to it and the only way to do it was to chop through it wouldn't you say that's worth it and then it's just like okay so let's scale that up would you say it's worth it for um you know a person who's on their deathbed anyway it's like oh yeah i guess it's like okay is it worth someone who isn't on the deathbed but they're 80 years old you're like maybe it's like you know it's it's Thanos decided that it is absolutely worth torturing nebula to be able to save the world it's you know i don't know what to say that's a thing just a little tough to find entertaining for a lot of someone in the chat said mattress lives man oh and he just said it's difficult to find it entertaining it's like well that's that's on you to find entertaining it's actually a pretty uh if it's engaging and it holds your attention and you're riveted by it and if it thrills you you know it's like being terrified in a movie or a video game is that entertaining oh it's almost just destroying half the life would like ruin ecosystems everywhere and it's like yeah this is the thing i don't think the film's arguing that Thanos is right he thinks he's right because he did it with the population before and it worked that's enough to convince him does it with sentient life that builds civilizations not like animal populations yeah we don't even know maybe maybe that is what happens maybe it doesn't it's you know he's a villain okay yeah the whole point is he says it's better that half of everybody dies because i think that if we don't everyone will die and like i'm trying to argue what he what he might say to all these things but things like whoever even gets to ask him these questions i don't think there's a that doesn't happen in the film and if it did who knows what he would say it's a movie where the abuser won after murdering one of his daughters i mean this is part one by the way i don't think he's gonna win overall but sure he's crazy he's insane he's the mad titan numerous people tweeted at me when i applied even the gentlest pressure to his story i think his narrative does a disservice to the world by continuing to just sort of make up whatever suits our punch books validation for a villain for starters that's not remotely how mental illness works uh is he mentally ill you are gonna tell the world what mental illness works like you just said that you had like a ptsd attack because you watched infinity war i don't think you should be telling other people how mentally ill they are i'm sorry but like to even pretend that there's not a mentally ill person out there who actually could reach the point of being like a Thanos it's like of course there could be mental illness is not like restricted had mental issues baby the scale of mental illness is insane you get people out there who are convinced that they gain power from eating their own fingers or something it's it's not really limited and this continued proliferation of manufactured narrative fool for explicitly to give our villains a reason to be comically evil is detrimental to us as a species what detrimental to us as a species it's detrimental to us to have Thanos this is this don't forget this is the same guy who wrote aliens green everyone in the audience that he has played that game so whenever he says anything about writing you can disregard everything because he doesn't i mean when that's your uh when that's on your resume and you're the sole writer of aliens colonial marines um yeah your opinion on what writing is and just the fact that it's damaged at that point it's it's crazy how people can take things from media like this like is this really what you see damn man our inability aliens colonial marines was detrimental to our species detrimental to our species and mental health in this country the portrayal of Thanos and infinity war who is often lauded as an excellent villain is detrimental to our species and mental health because his craziness is used as an excuse or something about mental health in this country while simultaneously pumping out entertainment that just invents whatever conditions for mental health it wants since when did the film actually state that he was mentally ill and that mental illness is the reason he's a villain like when when is that the thing that happens and who the fuck goes to who the hell looks at a mentally ill person and says they're just like the villain of a comic book because i'm assuming his point is that the film is trivializing mental illness to the point where it's saying if you're mentally ill you're probably just gonna be a villain because that's how villains work but i mean there was nothing there was nothing that even indicated him being mentally ill i was gonna say with how little they actually present he's consisted to himself that's kind of the point if anything he's like really he's like kind of creepily mentally stable throughout all of this this is the thing because i genuinely think if we had a scene where Dr Strange was like why don't you double the resources and then let's say Thanos actually could do that you could easily see him being like that doesn't solve the problem it only stalls it and then he's like well halving the population is the same thing how is that going to do anything but stall it and then he's like it'll be a lesson imagine that you know like we never get to have these conversations because Thanos is too busy actually enacting his plan like we don't know for sure that you you've you've you've converted him into insane because you have all these reasons for why his plan won't work but you don't know that he considers those valid is kind of what i'm getting at here so you're like he's obviously being portrayed as an insane person and it's like that that's not necessarily the truth at all the film does not come across as very lucid yeah that's he's he's not he's very calm in a lot of scenes that's when he does things he doesn't like he cries he doesn't like it he doesn't want to do it crappy that's not an infinity war problem that's a comic problem like batman locks people up in an asylum that never makes any effort to rehabilitate them oh no what wow okay what a terrible well shut down comics i guess i got a what's his point there that that is set a bad example for real life mental institutions what's his point there like that's that's happening in Arkham you can actually absolutely criticize Arkham for that but it's fictional and they're saying that that's how it works i don't understand is he saying a set a bad example for mentally ill people no i don't know a whole lot i don't know a whole lot about the batman universe to be perfectly honest but from what little i've seen from like what little comics i've read i don't think arkham asylum was ever painted as this like super happy nice place where villains get rehabilitated and like he's probably i just i just find it interesting that he's like criticizing batman for that it's like yeah batman you should just be killing them what's wrong with you but fucking capturing them and you know i find it hard to believe i'm pretty sure in the batman games they have tapes you can pick up with the you know institutional people are actually interviewing and talking to the the members about their problems and trying to figure them out the idea that they don't help them at all i think even from my perspective who's someone who's not even read a batman comic ever would be like i don't believe you i want someone who's batman savvy just to confirm that at least three people who are batman savvy just sort of accepted that people with labeled mental illnesses are inherently not worthy of saving what wow i i get that from i yeah that's that's that's straight out of left field there that's jarred makes more sense than this you know how we said that uh we go to jarred and then we we come back down to the ground with something like like this or macintosh we come back to reality i think it's the reverse jarred jarred binds us back to the ground or tether to what's you know what's real he's what keeps us sane somehow the infinity war problem is sort of worse a lot of people kept telling me it's supposed to be a dumb plan it doesn't need to make sense that was the point but the people that made this movie don't believe that it's a false justification they think he's empathetic we wanted to tell a story about a character with a really complex and empathetic interior this is the only you can you are arguing you should not empathize with his goals which are to save everyone obviously ones that you could that are complicated and who can justify what they want to do and even better if you can empathize with them in some way they're not just cartoon characters of an evil laughing villain archetype someone said that um doesn't batman have mental issues himself and it's like yeah i'm pretty sure he does despite being portrayed as the hero throughout yeah there's a lot of heroic characters who have mental illness to deal with and someone said that um i'm going back on my idea that you can't involve third party media i'm not sure what you're criticizing there he mentioned the batman comics i said from playing the batman game that i know that they actually tried to rehabilitate through that so i want to know for sure from people who actually know batman comics if it's true or not because obviously yeah and like i said i don't know a whole lot yeah so so if it's just like what little i can clean from like what little i've read it was like well seems like a shitty place but that's yeah i knew he was locking himself in here because he's saying like you should not be able to empathize with Thanos to empathize is to understand and share the feelings of another so as long as you at least understand or share at least one feeling that Thanos has you can empathize with him because humans can do that that's a thing humans do you can't just go you shouldn't empathize with him unless you're well this is where he's going to start folding in on himself what if mentally ill people empathize with Thanos what are you gonna say then gonna say they're wrong you're gonna say that they're not actually mentally ill like you can empathize with people and still see them as villains and terrible people this is why i really feel it's important to separate um subjectivity from objectivity when it comes to subjectivity empathizing with someone you're never gonna catch me willful rags i would assume uh arguing in our videos that you cannot empathize with this character okay so don't be like yeah there's i'm not gonna tell you that you're watching the solution he's seen it firsthand on his planet Thanos is a very complex character what he's doing from his point of view is a very positive thing Thanos is the greatest villain in the history of Marvel Cinematic Universe i agree with all of those statements i think so he paints this as though it's a bad thing he's trying to it's like i've exposed them with those clips and i'm like yes yeah that that everything they said is true well it's like we just to screw on this fundamental idea that we think empathizing with a villain can make for a great villain and i guess he thinks that you shouldn't be able to empathize with the villain it's hard to say because the game is thrown so no the horrible characters in there and you empathize with a lot of them even if they're bad people someone said why are you judging Mikey for it as if like we're being hypocritical uh i'm only countering his statement that you somehow shouldn't empathize with Thanos if you were saying in my opinion you should not empathize with Thanos i would still disagree with it because that's not an opinion that's like literally a statement about the ability to be able to empathize which is not something that could ever be judged to uh literally everyone can empathize with anything that's the premise of those words you can't just go i disagree with the definition of words now that's my opinion um but if he said he doesn't empathize with Thanos that's fine of course anybody could both not and do empathize with him i don't know it's up to them but um it's just bizarre why would you even try and say that that you can't empathize with him or i'm guessing this narrative is now getting regurgitated into the world Thanos my boy has the point you don't gotta go far to find people to believe that because humans like easy solutions to complex infrastructural problems is killing half of all sentient life an easy solution don't even why why is he saying like this is a bad thing so he agrees that you can empathize with him then because people are right anything he shouldn't i guess he's saying yeah which is you can explore that i suppose but stop pretending like this is some kind of like the opposite they didn't okay so quick math seriously this is one of the most tonally bulked videos like this is very strange i don't know didn't he just do like the slow piano like half a minute ago or even less the last Jedi tone i don't know why do you want me to fail break if you deleted half of the world's population it would get you back to about 1970 or around full generation your parents would be fine in other words 200 years ago there would be less than one billion people on the planet um Thanos don't math good for Thanos oh but let me present you a counter argument Thanos halved the population of a planet and it fixed their resources and ecosystem completely now i'm not saying it should have done that i'm saying that the film told us that's what happened that is a fact in their universe that he's basing his logic off okay it worked like that's the that's the point right you don't have to prove to me that it's not a good plan because i never thought it was a good plan but he's disgusting and evil this is plan to make a dent and actually come off as a good plan and the way that a lot of poop who heads on the internet are suggesting it would have value poop who heads what is this video man like what what a child confused as to what you tried it he like opens earlier with talking about how like this is inappropriate for children because it's abuse and love and he had a panic attack because of the abuse or the depression he was going through at certain points very adult and he's like you're a poop who head okay you'd have to take the population also someone said but yeah some people think it's a good plan though like that's an issue that's not a bad thing from my position it's it's open for discussion about that because what they say then is that we should do it or something like that and then you have people talk to them about how they shouldn't do it and it's a conversation that happened because of the character portrayal it's only a bad thing it's only a good plan because they think it will actually work to give you a comparison plan but it it will be effective if anyone's watched Game of Thrones Tywin Lannister makes a lot of very very immoral decisions arguably in order to end the war that's how he justifies it and um I actually would argue that he had a great fucking plan if you considered him the good guy the whole time which you could he's very very uh I guess you pragmatic would be the word he's trying to find the best easiest quickest way to win and he wants to I believe this is a this is a law thing so I'm cheating right I accept that I'm not using it as an argument for the show I'm simply sharing that if you read the books and you knew the the history uh the kingdom considered the rule under Aries the first or the mad king to be the best when he basically wasn't doing anything and it was Tywin's leadership as hand of the king that the the kingdom was in its golden age essentially because Tywin was one of like the best kings ever and he should have been on the Iron Throne from fucking start to finish because he's super intelligent he just kept getting pushed into a position where he had to be essentially evil now um there's loads to discuss on that it's fucking fascinating but then you've got people who are like Thanos was the good guy his plan would have worked we should oh Aries the second sorry um and then you know you you have that discussion I mean if if there was a world leader who rose and was powerful enough to enslave humanity and kill half of us and then let us go and he said the whole reason he did was because he was influenced by um Avengers Infinity War then I mean I suppose you could say that they're responsible for doing that but again you would have to argue that that person was also insane and it was just waiting for the right movie to come across that you would just do that with you know it's a bit it's a bit of a stretch more stuff suck it off Tywin no I love him he's amazing back to around 2000 BCE when there was around 72 million people on the planet or uh let me get my calculator uh 0.972 percent of what we have now and that would only buy you 4 000 years before you encountered the same problem again because it isn't a solution it's a reason do you guys follow what I'm saying though the whole like it worked for him on that planet so this is all irrelevant yeah they've established that it works it works for him in this universe it works so we don't we don't need this like this is all relevant to him on the character like literally if you just said all that the Thanos Thanos would be like yours you just criticize the statistics in some way shape or form that's a dunk on the writing it's arbitrarily ah you don't get to talk shit about writing for the shock value okay sure you've not proven that it's uh it's broken yet you've only given a perspective for why why a president for example or why a logical smart happy good leader who's dealing with the difficulty in population overgrowth would choose not to do Thanos's plan which again Thanos is the villain is just putting it out there but i'm in the weeds now because plan is bad fine i'll accept it's dumb on purpose explanation because love this movie with all of your heart just understand why a lot of people felt left out in the cold by it it is when you say a lot do you mean like six or seven people a lot of people were left out by the cold i've never seen anyone who didn't like it actually yeah i have yet i mean i even have friends that like me are not huge marvel fans and all of them including me loved this it's very approachable here too for unseen in the comic book movie genre hell i don't know if film has ever had a movie with steaks oh yeah either i yeah for a lot of people what end of the world yeah end of the world in fact this is only half of the end of the yeah this isn't the end of like reality the stakes we're bigger in avengers age of ultron technically speaking they was gonna the ultron's plan was to wipe out humanity as a whole so i just wish that Thanos was played by Gandalf i don't know man face wizard man i'll get you oh gosh patrick will have got a new video called the storytelling language of star wars oh well i mean i'll check it out you know outside of the stream but if it's like particularly bad we could cover it but surely he's not gonna fuck up again well he's over too well you showed me that uh that list of his where he was like the phantom menace is better than revenge of the sith all right yeah so uh i don't know i don't think you could possibly get dumber than patrick warms we're unjustified all the same now that we have reached the top where do we go marvel can't really go all the way back to tony i don't think you understand we went higher than this before and we went back down technically speaking because again age of ultron was the end of the world avengers was arguably the end of the world too because they were invading force that were gonna wash over humanity that was the hope while this again is half of humanity gets wiped out the earth stays relatively unblown up if you know what i mean by comparison the stakes feel higher which is exactly what they should be able to achieve which i'm impressed with they make it feel like it's much more cataclysmic even though technically speaking it's not actually as bad as the other two which is good and that's okay but remember why your audience is there in the first place it's stung because it rings so empty you're not going to have to go far to find an adult who doesn't believe that anything you did in this movie is going to stick yeah that's fine it depends on what they do like if they resurrect every single character you'll easily catch me on the criticism train absolutely but you know let's be real here i'm not going to expect them to kill spider man permanently or black panther or dr strange i expect them to have killed vision and loki for sure i don't think we're gonna see them come back probably gonna kill off uh dracks permanently yeah that's there's a big chance that's gonna happen i would expect that tony and cap are gonna die in the next one by the way that's a very strong assumption based on contract information but we shall see is the if the question is will we see any repercussions from uh infinity wall part one and two in the rest of the mcu the answer i think would most certainly be fucking yes they'll just undo it the chorus refrains which sucks a little bit because now you've wield some very real trauma for a cheap theatric like i was at a cheap theater he doesn't know that because there's no sequel yet you can't know that for all we know every character dies in the next film for all you know it's just old or something because he has acolytes that follow him and spread his message with fervor but why who are these people one of them looks like a blizzard cutscene why do we i mean yeah i agree but why do we need to know why they follow him i mean maybe they believe maybe they think like he does especially if he's got the proof to back it up like they're practically just soldiers do we need to know why every one of the dog creatures follow this as well i don't know they believe they believe in this cause enough to fight for it i mean the thing is man they really take advantage of all the time they have in this film but i guess we could have had scenes where the four the four acolytes sat down they went you know following thomas is great because when i was a boy i really wanted to i don't know i want i wanted to rescue the world from itself and then they go yeah me too man okay you can do it i just don't think it matters because these people were invented for this film to be i guess antagonists like this what's important is our heroes because they're the you know anthanos obviously i don't know i guess yeah just comes down to why do we need to know why these people are fighting with him as opposed to what he's doing it for and and how far do we go with this how many more people do we need do we need to know every individual person in black panthers army why each of them fight i don't know where do we go from here i guess you'll find out but it feels like we found out that it's possible to eat too much chocolate i feel like we spoiled our dinner it's just too much like maybe don't build no way i think i'm like most people i'm super excited for the next one i'm ready oh yeah i'm so ready for more i'm so ready for more as people could have just said like how do you raise the stakes after the avengers film because we just had the world ending and now we don't then you go age of ultron how'd you raise the stakes again because we just had the world ending and there's no it's like here we go again every single avengers movie is about the movie was it Thor 2 about the world ending well this is the thing the mcu's had the world and several times and the funny thing is infinity war is not about the world ending that's just i can't believe he said he's totally like skipped over that detail which is fascinating to me because it makes me feel like the russos did a good job they made it feel like the world was ending despite the fact that it wasn't yeah the characters we care about the characters and when characters are affected by maybe a lesser calamity their characters we care about so it feels more important and impactful characters sympathies just spitballing here and i'm sure marvel is already aware of this and they need to scale back down it felt better when there was some yeah the characters and they probably will scale back down with you know they did with ant man and the wasp they're probably gonna do it the spider-man film they'll probably do it the next doctor strange film they'll probably do it the next black panther film because you're asking why the stakes are so high in the third avengers film it's like well because that's pretty much capping out maximum investment for all the characters coming together that's that's what we want to see we don't want to see them all come together and then have to beat some guy who stole a lady's bag you'll be like oh wow they certainly showed him as you were saying like half of that was about a guy's relationship with his daughter yeah these are very smaller stories these are not the avengers films are not the time for small stories yeah he's a lot of people a lot of stuff going on yeah but you can still have characters on these wild rides like our pov character in this movie is sort of Thanos more to prove that the villain could be the protagonist than anything this is not the movie that this is not the piece of media that proves that the protagonist can't be or can be the villain yeah i'm still confused on that part nothing else not to mention just having a point of view doesn't automatically make him the protagonist or even a protagonist someone just said constant escalation is terrible writing and it's like yeah what does this guy want that we just like constantly go up and then he's like the second we reach maximum it's over i should be like no they go back down the cosmos and then reality itself or like what and then what we're just done with movies i have to ask him has he ever watched a tv show we don't have a hero they peek at the end of the season then go back down people just repeatedly emerge from the shadows i was i'm confused what point was that he earned like three seconds of sympathy in a scene how you been like no there were other you have to watch civil war captain america one and two because that means more once you get the context is the whole premise of the mcu man i mean i will say i wish that there was more of bucky in infinity war or infinite yeah infinity war i almost called it infinite warfare stop using infinite in your titles and vision engage your sympathies but then the inside of his skull gets scooped out like a cantaloupe so i'm i'm assuming they they broke up there's not a story it's no he died don't i don't get this guy at all i don't understand man this guy's just cosmonaut variety hour oh no and i hate him just as much not yeah not a fan of channel either but like at least with macintosh i understand exactly what he's up to same with down with thrust but like with this this is all over the place not a narrative which is fine what do you think he's trying to tell you in this video what would you guys try and summarize it as the character of thanas is inherently flawed for the purposes of the film i think that uh i think he's trying to say that you can't have relatable bad people because then that makes bad people more i don't know see my point was i've got like eight different things that i think he was trying to say they're all over the place like mental illness being portrayed in hollywood is a problem because they don't do it correctly um villains in comic books are often provided mental illness because they don't know how to generate villains correctly uh thanos himself is is is poorly written because he doesn't understand the statistics of his own plan not working out well enough you know i forgot to mention by the way he was talking about our population and do you remember the planet that thanos attacked was like it looked kind of stone age-ish they were all in like huts and they're all in like cloth clothing so you know like but what i'm trying to say is like it'll be different for every planet and that maybe thanos would argue that for the few planets it won't function for it'll be worth it for the rest again these there's so many things you could explore the point is that we just needed to know why he was motivated to do it and the film gave us what we needed for that um but yeah you know that's that's just there's so many other things tied into this video that i don't really i'm just wondering how he's going to cap it off because you know when you summarize at the end you're like so my point is the blah blah blah so i just wonder which one of the 17 he's going to pick but that don't make you empire don't chase the misery what is his problem with empire i think he likes it i genuinely don't understand what he's trying to get at with empire don't chase the misery of empire maybe he is equating all negative emotion or low points in films to being bad i think he's saying that empire started a trend where you put your heroes in a down place just before letting them win and that everyone else is trying to copy empire and they're failing miserably because they're arbitrarily throwing their heroes into bad i mean it wasn't even an empire that started that because i mean the two towers uh the book was written in the fifties and that ended in low place too isn't it a part of like the hero's journey or whatever which is predating yeah that yeah i mean that that's centuries old that's that's nothing new you can go all the way back someone just said if empire was a trend it started with socrates yeah even before that the what was it the um oh god the the epic of gilgamesh with his relationship with inkadoo you know he got it was empire no okay it was empire venture servers it's the most original thing ever hit us with misery non-stop and you might as well be the walking dead what so walking dead is on par with infinity one now okay all right well i quit watching the show last and i tell you right now is here i'm well that was shit oh goodness me hello everyone kiran lures david macintosh shan steve matt has a gersak marsh and jerry all right well that was that um that was awful that was garbage why is it that every time we do this jerry it is always the best highlight we get out of it yeah how is it that he always manages to be the best we should just end off seeing himself better than you maybe that's true he's trying to change your mind he's trying to teach you something oh yeah i don't know i was a better teacher and mentor how do you think he ranks among the others i mean they're all bad um i put them right beneath macintosh do you think that maybe at some point we should watch someone who's good and then try and be like in a way that like try and explain why they're doing well in terms of their explanation or something it would be difficult because then we might like we'll just be like sitting here being like yeah we agree yeah because we don't want to fit into a reaction there just wouldn't be a whole lot of discussion like we do when we disagree with someone because this is the thing like it may come across that we just think there are no people that can make good video essays or something i mean people recommend videos to us all the times did you watch do you guys watch the thing i posted on twitter the um the three minute video about iron man no i haven't oh we could i could put that on for you you might actually um wait we i think we should probably call it there well actually okay wait or we can break it up and end with that one minute jared yeah i was gonna say we'll do the jarred video and then i'll send you guys the iam m1 it's not necessarily a video essay i was just gonna say it was just really good for the amount of time that it was used you know i got you they take advantage of the time like jarred does you know it's very efficient but um yeah yeah so we'll end out on on jarred here we go he's celebrating his 300 subscribers and that bed my god how did you do it jared i think he moved the fish tank back into that corner and he moved his skateboard forward it's like he needs to make a new uh uh room tour every other day the room evolves he's like he's like constantly shooting like hogwarts what are you doing i love the giraffe he's all too plushy like what am i sexy two plushies uh the giraffe in the moose anyway guys he's great the ninja turtles hat with like the spikes coming out of it he's just man he could he could he could cut something with those nipples right now like yeah they are just because shrooting he is he's gotta be cold in that room do you live in alaska no he lives in the south why why why are you doing this why is this what you go with 300 subs this is what the people what they want to see i mean it'll be 400 if it's not already because we'll just oh my god this is incredible he's gonna teach us the secrets of the world through interpretive dance why did he feel like this was what he had to make is this all it is just gonna add peace peace shout out to my homies tina's you ninja turtles you got the ninja turtles hat yeah and it has spikes on it too well um that was a celebratory video because our little jarred is getting further and further now so we're gonna spam his channel and chat again give him a subscription you'll get covered to take us back down from the assayists that we always if we can get him if we can get him to 500 subs i mean who knows i'm kind of afraid to find out what he'll do if he gets 500 subs um and yeah so a lot of people have been asking about uh what i'm gonna do with these streams because obviously i've only ever let one go public and it's because it was the patrick williams thing which was just so bad i don't i genuinely think it'd be interesting to start ranking the videos we see how bad they are just to see what the worst one was because the plot holes one like do you think we're ever gonna come across them in worse than that man that's when that one's rough because he's genuinely just he's not he's i mean he is incompetent yeah but he thinks he's actually trying to make a good um position against plot holes or that you should ignore them and that logic doesn't matter and openly saying it ironically that you can watch you're watching films the wrong way but yeah so the what i'm doing now is i start up a second channel maybe it depends on what we can actually do because you know we've all got our own schedules but i mean we kind of do want to start doing this more often because it's a lot of fun we can take recommendations for other essayists to check out there's always going to be more jarred especially with promoting them so i've i've got a second channel prepared for this and it's it's it's i'll just spam it in chat so i'll it'll go on my discord as well but wait remove any web addresses for oh i can't post it as my fucking god damn it hang on if i post as my other thing you have not approved i didn't make myself a thingy hang on um yeah so in a like a couple weeks i'll be doing the next episode of my podcast on my channel and we'll have act man on so i assume are we gonna are we gonna cover jarred on that or oh obviously i mean come on we have to introduce everyone to jarred i was act man gonna react to that i i don't really know we're gonna find out where my chat is frozen is it still working for you guys yeah it's running yeah if the link is out then it's good because basically we've done two in this format anyway the one where we did um jarred and i don't even remember i think it's down with thrust and then episode two is the willams thing and then this will be three and again my chat's just dead now which is great um the uh we're kind of interested in finding a name for whatever we're doing here if someone could come up with an actual decent name we'd adopt it because i don't fucking know what name we should use even i i don't think i've even uh just just just any ideas uh open to to even you we can actually be the sober nobles doesn't that already works if you actually do the drug of heads that you just be like why um but yeah so all these streams will go on that channel and uh video response theory yiff and mall stream oh i like i like video response theory actually it's not bad i like video response theory i'ma put that in the suggestion box video furries skull that sounds really furries one skull i don't think that's gonna work two and a half furries oh does it have to be about fear jared's judgment jared response here call it natural selection hot skulls and oh no we can't do that one stopo council numb skulls adventures of scully and two fairies anyways guys theory the jared fan club uh unofficial jeered fan club sponsored by xbox watching movies right should we call it the right opinions oh is that i think church of jared the church of jared i'm putting that up there a stream of dogs and star fighters that's too long two fangs one skull no that's it that's no better the sensible felons no side quests and knife fights the church of critics jared ology film torture the worst of jared joe paulsef what's so oh that's a that's a good jaredy buddy podcast could totally be it jaredism praise be to jared chan jared christ the wolf pack furry genesis bad analysis plot holders yiffen time jared and shit the objectivists i'm pretty sure being an objectivist is an actual like thing like this not it's an iron ran thing yeah plot molars upward motion upward motion every frame of pain i actually liked that one because of the every smaller in the wolves angry white man jared souls three you can actually call it like the toxic fandom like just to fucking run with it but i don't know if that's too much the last podcast jared word motion the jared cinematic universe two furries one plot hole guys can't do this one they really like that one three angry white men the angry men the aneosarchesian experience that is functional family oh yeah i was gonna say the description if you guys haven't yet is linked to toxic man babies link to wolf and rags channels which you should subscribe to i'm assuming you already have because this is essentially like just how could you not at this point considering this is always just me me and these two ripping into videos we will have in minutes in five hours well that's the podcast company fellowship of the plot white privilege yeah we'll um i'll probably i'll probably stop there um we've it's been a lot of fun possibly what do you guys reckon on the feasibility of it being weekly would that be possible or do you think that's too much i could do that i could do that all right it'll might it might be weekly okay no promises and we'll the next time we do this we'll do another round of trying to get ideas for for names of the podcast i got five up so far that are you know relatively entertaining and i guess we'll see more but um there are two episodes you can always look at that are up on the channel i posted it's called moola it's just going to be my second channel and there's i'm literally using a piece of fan art right now is the icon because i got it's not planned at all it's just a place where i can drop it until it's developed but um he did he really did he brought us together jarrett is beautiful and um yeah so thank you all for watching and of course thank you guys for hanging out it's been always a pleasure always fall always every single time or at least it's fun when jared comes on otherwise otherwise it's just us being frustrated at other people yeah and now in confidence they are just goodbye everybody have fun i don't know goodbye it's to be done yeah


Hey, Psych2Goers, welcome back to another video. Before we start, we'd like to thank you for all the support you've given us. Psych2Go's mission is to make psychology and mental health more accessible to everyone, and you help us do that, so thank you. Now, back to the video. Have you ever felt sad, but didn't quite know why? Feeling sad from time to time is only a natural part of being human. A sadness is one of the many complex emotions we experience. Even though you may not be able to explain it, sometimes it's enough to just let yourself feel what you feel without any judgment and wait for it to pass, as all other emotions do. But if this sadness starts to seem never-ending and you've started to experience more days feeling gloomy than anything else, then it may not just be an emotional reaction to an event or experience, it might point to something else. Well, Psych2Go is here to help you by listening out the five most likely reasons why you may be feeling sad all the time. Number one, you struggle with misattunement. Misattunement is defined as the experience of not being seen, heard, or understood by those around you. It's often that you first experience this during early childhood, when your parents either fail to satisfy your personal needs, be it physical or emotional, or misinterpret them. But the more you experience misattunement, the more you may believe that you can't trust the people around you to be there for you when you need them. This may end up hindering your social skills, making you emotionally unavailable, afraid of commitment, or to develop a tendency of ignoring your personal needs. Number two, you have a lot of self-loving. Have you had a hard life growing up? If you've faced tragedies like loss, heartbreak, abandonment, or abuse, then it may have become difficult for you to think of yourself as someone who could be happy. You may be more likely than others to listen and find comfort in your own negativity. This struggle with self-loving may be why you feel sad all the time, since you can't move past this constant negative cycle of thinking. Number three, you're afraid to be happy. Do you keep yourself from being happy and fear that you'll get hurt in the end? The feeling of being sad all the time may actually stem from being afraid to be happy. You may be feeling uncomfortable letting yourself be too happy since you may think it won't last forever. However, while it's natural to be skeptical, guarded, and self-critical, being too cautious about opening up to people or allowing yourself the opportunity to be happy may ultimately explain the sadness you feel. Number four, you're afraid to be vulnerable. Are you afraid of intimacy? Do you worry about getting hurt, rejected, or left behind by the people you love? Like many others, you may have grown accustomed to being defensive when it comes to relationships. So much so that it's become difficult to let your guard down for too long.  However, this tendency of being afraid to be vulnerable may be preventing you from being happy. Number five, you're in denial of your emotions. Is there a certain grief or trauma you haven't processed yet? The reason you may be feeling sad all the time may be because you're in denial of your own struggles and are trying to bottle up your emotions. Whether it's regret, frustration, anger, disappointment, or loss that you're dealing with, being honest with yourself about it may help stop you from being stuck in self-destructive, emotionally repressive patterns of behavior and lead to some peace of mind. Do you relate to any of the signs we've mentioned? Let us know in the comments below. If you found this video helpful, be sure to like and share this video with those who might be feeling sad all the time too. Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and notification bell icon to get notified the references and studies used in this video are added in the description below. Thanks for watching and we'll see you next time.


I'm Monica from the Public Health Rebrand to Data Science program, and here is your Data Science tip for the day. Data Science tip number nine. You can write our markdown code in a Notepad file to create a README in a GitHub repository. Just save the Notepad file with the name README with a .md extension, then upload it to your GitHub repository. If you do it right, it will look gorgeous. Want to excel in health data science? Follow my channel to learn more about my mentoring program for career advancement.


Enable the entire team to take breaks and reach the sky. This is how we become champions. I would like to voice the role of the sport world. Present, we first and foremost, the students of the elected, of the revolution and the democracy. This is one of the most significant events of the school. And also a defining role in the lives of the student leaders. Now, the most awaited moment has arrived. So, with the latest of the funding, we will witness the new student council, led by the head board and the head of the party chair. The team performs, and last of all, for the case being a sense of equal, that what we want to be, we want to jump in joy, and that is everything. So please, for these of very, very important leaders, make sure that you fight in mind, and also use that to benefit you, all of your students. So, we ask the children, and the power of the kids, to hear the address, the name of the school, the name of any school. The power of the school, the title of the subject, of the school, as well as the whole community, really, all being proud of their careers, both from there. The main thing for all, you know, I think it takes me time and my happy days, to spend all of this, with the life of yesterday, just how it changed and the sense of belonging, of being united. And the school just to say that there's nothing, all of your to be the subject of the subject of the war, except really, all of you, the kids, there's nothing, all of you. The other thing, and the other now, the two, they don't know. So, all of you, and thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you. It is like an honor to be here as a head board to open the Internet to the discussion of the 1890s. It is indeed an honor to have you here. I want to be honest to say that I have been here for this moment for a very long time. But, it's been seven years since I've been part of the student council, starting off as the head of the program. We can work in international schools. I feel like it's not only all of us, but all of us in this school, obviously, and technically, I've been here by the children to give us the possibility and mission. We must remember, it's coming together, it's a big thing. Keep it together. Thank you.


As we all shelter in place, CPSC has a few tips to keep your family safe at home. Laundry packets, disinfectants and medicines should stay in original bottles and put out a reach of children.  Keep high-powered magnets away from children. Prevent dangerous tip-over incidents. Anchor large furniture and TVs to the wall. Stay healthy. Stay safe. Find specialized tips for all age groups at CPSC.gov.


German is the national language of Germany, Austria and many other countries. It exhibits a number of dialects which are not inherently intelligible with each other. The main variety of German is referred to as Deutsche Hochsprache or Deutsche Standardlautung, modern high German. It developed from the chancellery of Saxony, gaining acceptance as the written standard in the 16th and 17th centuries. This e-lecture discusses the segmental phonological inventory of German on the basis of its main variety, Standard German. This includes the discussion of the modern high German phonemes, some selected aspects of allophonic variation, including the discussion of special variants in some German dialects. Let us start with a brief look at the inventory of the German phonemes first. In modern high German we can define a total of 48 phonemes. There are 16 monophones, it depends a little bit as we will see in a second. Eight diphthongs and 24 consonants. The vowel phonemes differ among the varieties of German to a relatively large extent. The consonantal phonemes by contrast are almost identical in the varieties of German, yet their allophonic realisation is different in a number of cases. The monophones can be subdivided into long or short or more precisely into tense and lax, tense vowels involve a greater muscular energy during articulation and lax vowels involve relatively little muscular energy during articulation. Since the tense monophones are generally longer than the lax ones, the colon is normally added in their transcription. Let us look at the long monophones first. So, as already said, there are seven long monophones, or eight, depending on whether the two front vowels e and e have merged. Most speakers, especially those who use the northern accents of German like myself, merge these two vowels everywhere, for example in words such as beren, the berries, and beren, the bears, which are now homophones. Others generally keep them apart, thus they have one vowel more. So they would say beren, the berries, and beren, the bears. But even those who keep them generally apart, for example in some verb forms, in order to distinguish the subjunctive or indicative as in verbs like ich gäbe versus ich gebe, even they still only have one vowel e. So, let us illustrate the German sound system on the basis of the merger of the two front vowels, so on the basis of seven long monophones. Now, here is one example per phoneme. We have an e as in viel. There is an e as in beat. A low central vowel a as in zat. A mid high back vowel o as in boot. And a high back vowel u as in hoot. And then there are two special vowels, namely two rounded front vowels. U as in rube and ö as in öl. Let us now add the short or lax monophones to the system of the long or tense ones. So here are the nine short monophones. Again, I will produce one example per monophone. We have a short e as in bist. A mid low front vowel e as in hetter. There is a low central vowel which is shorter than the other one, zat. So there is a contrast between zat and zat. Here is the mid low back vowel o as in post. Then a short u as in bus. And again we have two rounded front vowels, the short u as in hülle. And the short ö as in götlich. And last but not least, there are two central vowels, the schwa in unstressed position, alle. And a low central vowel a as in words such as besser. Okay, so much for the monophones. Let us now deal with the German diphthongs. German has eight diphthongs that can be grouped into up gliding diphthongs and down gliding diphthongs. And as we would see, there is one diphthong that is slightly exceptional. Well, here they are. Let us start with the down gliding ones. We have the diphthong ear as in tear. There is an ear as in tear. Another down gliding diphthong is oar as in tour. And then one with a rounded front vowel on set, ür as in tür. These diphthongs have in common that they occur in words where we find a post-vocalic orthographical r. Again, the words are tear, tear, tour and tür. Let us now look at the up gliding ones. There is i as in hei. Au back up gliding as in how. And then oi as in hoi. Where the offset is rounded but could also be treated as unrounded hoi, hoi. So there is a lot of variation involved. And last but not least, we have ui as in hui or fui. And this one is a little bit special. The sample words are primarily interjections, hui and fui. As you can see here, the offset is a little bit lower or maybe level with the onset. So it's not really up gliding anymore. Maybe it's level but it's a sort of fronting diphthong. Here are the consonants. And as I said earlier on, there are 24 consonants in modern hei German. Now, this consonantal system is by no means exceptional but the following aspects are special in German. In most varieties of German, the voiced plosives b, d and g. And the voiced fricatives are devoiced in final position. So let's look at two examples to illustrate this effect. Here we have the d as in rudi, dan and in the final position rat. And in the final position, you can clearly hear it, it is devoiced, rat. The same applies to the voiced labiodental fricative, was. And then in final, in the final position, we don't have brav but brav. So clearly an effect of final devoicing in German. Some consonants have a limited distribution as far as their alophones are concerned. For example, the alveolar fricative never occurs word initially. So words like symbol come out as symbol in German, clearly a voiced alveolar fricative. And then there is the vela nasal. Again, it has a limited distribution, it only occurs at the end of syllables, so in the syllable koda. Some consonants involve a high degree of variation and this applies in particular to the realization of the r in German. We will come back to this in a second. A number of phonemes exhibit variants that occur in complementary distribution or are free variants of a particular phoneme. Both supplement the phonological analysis of German. So let's look at these effects in more detail. Let's look at vocali variation first. And there is one effect referred to as the shortening of long vowels. Depending on their position, whether they are stressed or unstressed, most long vowels can be shortened. Let us look at the examples on the board. I will first of all produce the long ones which occur in stressed position. Feel, beat, boot, hoot, rübe and öl. And now the short ones where the vowel does not occur in a stressed position. Studie, metan, moral, kulland, mykene and ökonom. Another aspect is referred to as free variation. Now some vowel phonemes can be replaced by an alternative without changing the meaning. This phenomenon which does not occur in standard German is referred to as vocali variation. The example that I have here is the word Jensites which can either be pronounced with a long e, Jensites or with a short e, Jensites. Central vowels are also quite interesting in German. The schwa is generally defined as a phoneme in German. Even though some of its allophones deviate considerably in terms of their vowel quality. Here are three variants. Haase, clearly a central vowel. Then we have Bessa, which involves in the unstressed position a low central vowel. And in the word Grosem, the vowel is dropped altogether. Let us look at some aspects of continental variation next. Probably the most interesting one concerns the realization of R in German. Now let's illustrate this on the basis of one word, the word Rat, Ratte in German. There are three main variants. The first one is the alveola trill as in Ratte. This occurs mostly in Bavarian, Franconian, so in the southern dialects and quite interestingly in singing. The uvola trill, Ratte, can be used as a free variant of the voiced uvola fricative, Ratte. Some people even make it more front, replacing it by a voiced vila fricative, Ratte. In syllable final position, the orthographical R is often realized as a low central vowel as in Mutter. So we don't say Mutter, but Mutter. An interesting phoneme which is often used as an example of complementary distribution is the phoneme that has the two alophones Sch and Ch. As in Ich, where the palatal fricative occurs after a front vowel and Bach, where the vila fricative occurs after a back vowel. However, if we include morphological variation and morphological aspects, for example the diminutive, then the alophones may be treated as different phonemes. So there is a distinction between Kuchen, a small cow, and Kuchen, the cake. Well, so much for the system of phonemes of German. As usual in our e-lectures about a particular language or a variety of it, a sample text, read by a native speaker, will be presented. In this case, since my mother tongue is German, I can do it myself. And as usual, I'm using the story of the north wind and the sun, so here is the German version. Can I have it? Okay, yes, thank you. So here it is. Once the north wind and the sun were fighting each other, who would be the strongest of them both, when a wanderer who was in a warm coat of cloth came down the way.  The north wind blew with all its power, but the more he blew, the more the wanderer took off his coat. Finally, the north wind gave up the fight. Now the sun warmed the air with its friendly rays, and after a few eyes, the wanderer took off his coat. There the north wind had to admit that the sun of both of them was the strongest. Well, this may suffice as an example. Let's summarize. In this e-lecture, I tried to outline the sound system of German using examples where necessary. I also included some aspects of variation, especially on the level of alophones. A number of aspects were not mentioned in this e-lecture. For example, the enormous variation as far as German dialects are concerned are aspects of connected speech which influence the rhythm of German and the pronunciation of words and syllables beyond their pronunciation in isolation. These aspects will be added in our contrastive e-lecture, present-day English versus German, where we will focus on the central principles of teaching English to native speakers of German. So, see you again in that particular e-lecture.


A total of 15 trainers are expected to head to Taiwan over a three-year span, where they will be trained in the areas of chronic disease prevention and control. The inauguration ceremony for the commencement of the course was held on Thursday, August 11th at the Ministry of Health. Project Manager John Lin says personnel from different areas of health will be chosen to attend the training. And today is very important. In the whole project, the direction of the project, we will have 15 people, medical staff from Senusia to go to Taiwan for this training. And for our control part, we are including 12 personnel from Senusia, which include doctors, nurses, nutritionists, and also have community levels. A seven-member delegation from the Cathay General Hospital met with the first five trainers who are expected to leave this September. The group consists of medical officer Dr. Marlon Raghunanan, nurses Alexandra Jamot, and Jasmine Daniel, nutritionists Miss Olivia Felix, and the lead on the chronic disease self-management program Nurse Yolanda Alcindor. This training, we expect not only beneficial for their individual one, we expect when they return to Senusia, they can have different activities such as local workshop, help us to design standardized national material for health education. Dr. Marlon Raghunanan, a former scholar of the Esho University of Taiwan, heaped praises on the quality of education offered by the friendly nation. Dr. Raghunanan is lobbying the new approach, which includes establishing team and community-based methods of fighting the chronic illnesses. I believe that is the way to go. And with the assistance of our friends from Taiwan, I hope that we can get the required knowledge to establish such a system of care in our local setting. Adopting some of the strategies that you have used and you are using in Taiwan, I'm sure can be very helpful and surely impact our current situation of metabolic diseases. The seed trainers set to leave for Taiwan in September will meet a new curriculum tailored to Senusia and its needs. Dr. Lin Ching Ling was part of a seven-member delegation from the Cathay General Hospital on Island, assessing the island's health needs. After this visit, our team in Cathay General Hospital will organize a customized curriculum for the trainers to come to strengthen their capacity. I believe they will benefit from the tailored training program in Taiwan and achieve successful implementation after they return to your beautiful country. Taiwanese Ambassador, his Excellency, Peter Chi-an Chen, says Senusia and Taiwan continue to strengthen ties, this time in the area of healthcare. Ambassador Chen highlighted the activity as yet another milestone for the cooperation between the two countries. As the implementing agency, Cathay General Hospital also plays a critical role in the structure of partnership. I would like to commend Cathay General Hospital in organizing the on-site visit led by Dr. Lin, which highlights Taiwan's long-standing commitment to Senusia. Minister for Health Hon. Moses Jabatis expressed extreme gratitude. I know that you have made tremendous sacrifices, all of our healthcare workers, and daily you make sacrifices for the people of Senusia.  We know that you do not have everything that you need, and we are trying our very best to give you what you need, to do your work. We thank you for your work. We thank the government and people of Taiwan for the partnership. We thank you for all of what you do for us, and all of what you help us with. On completion of the training, work is expected to begin in regions 5, 6, 7, and 8. The C-trainers are expected to conduct a series of trainings and workshops with other health practitioners as the island continues its fight against NCDs. For the Ministry of Health, Wellness, and NLFAs, I'm Sant Justin.


The next level of product management is the direct product or all the way up to the VP of product. Once you reach the exact level, your decision-making power and rose responsibilities will expand significantly. First of all, your decision-making power will be like five times bigger, sometimes to be ten times bigger. On top of that, you will start to manage multiple teams of product managers, and you will be managing a full portfolio of product. On top of that, you'll also spend more time dealing with stakeholders, manage up, and more politics behind the scenes to be honest. And you will be a little bit further away from customers because individual contributors, product managers will directly interview customers for you. You will be there to see the strategic vision and see something like more further out, two years, sometimes five years down the road.


Hello everyone. I am Mr. Praveen Kumar. Today we want to see system noise temperature and G by T ratio. The learning outcome of this topic is at the end of the session, student will be able to explain the concept of system noise temperature and G by 2 ratio in satellite communication. The contents of these topics are noise temperature, calculation of system noise temperature and noise model of receiver, noise temperature. Basically, in satellite communication there are two parts. One is a transmitter and second one is receiver. This noise temperature is calculated at receiver side. It determines generation of thermal noise by active and passive devices in the receiving system. At microwave frequency, a black body with a physical temperature Tp degrees Kelvin generates electrical noise over a wide bandwidth. For the calculation of noise temperature, here we want to calculate the thermal noise as well as the physical temperature Tp. The noise power is given by the equation Pn is equal to K into Tp into Bn. This K and Tp product is called as noise power spectral density and unit is watts per hertz, where K is Boltzmann constant is equal to 1.39 into 10 raised to minus 23 joule per Kelvin. Tp is physical temperature of source in Kelvin degrees. Bn is noise bandwidth in which the noise power is measured in hertz. Pn is available noise power in watts. Available noise power will be delivered only to a load when this impedance is matched to the noise source. The unit of the noise temperature is Kelvin. In satellite communication, we system work with the big signals because here in satellite communication, preferably we use for the large distance. The noise level as low as possible to meet the Cn ratio requirement. Noise temperature from 30 Kelvin to 200 Kelvin can be achieved without physical cooling if we use the device that is GAAS-FET means gallium arsenide field effect transistor amplifiers are employed. Now we see the noise temperature of 30 Kelvin at 4 gigahertz. Noise temperature of 100 Kelvin at 11 gigahertz means if we observe these two noise temperatures as the frequency increases this noise temperature will be increased. Therefore noise temperature increases with the frequency. Total thermal noise power is used to determine the performance of a receiving system. The noise power at the demodulator input is PnO is equal to K into Ts into Bn into Gr of X. The unit of that PnO is watts where Gr of X is gain of the receiver from RF input to demodulator input. Bn is narrowest bandwidth. The noise power referred to the input of the receiver is Pn. Pn is equal to K into Ts into Bn that is unit of Pn is watts. Carrier to noise ratio at the demodulator is given by C by n is equal to Pr into Gr of X divided by K into Ts into Bn into Gr of X is equal to after simplifying this equation we get Pr divided by K into Ts into Bn. This is equation number 4. From this equation number 4 we can calculate C by n ratio for the receiving terminal at the antenna output port. Calculation of a system noise temperature. This figure shows simplified earth station receiver. This figure is used for single frequency. Now in this diagram this LNA is used for low noise amplifier. Low noise amplifier followed by the band pass filter after that one this is a mixer, this is a local oscillator. Again it given to the band pass power and again it given to the IF amplifier. From this diagram we can conclude that it will convert the RF frequency into the IF frequency. Radio frequency is converted into the intermediate frequency. Most of the radio receiver is used this simplified earth station receiver. Here this diagram consists of mainly three parts. The first part is LNA which is low noise amplifier. Second part is mixer and local oscillator. And the third part is the demodulator. Here we convert this RF frequency into the intermediate frequency with the help of this mixer and local oscillator. This figure shows two stage demodulator frequency. Here double conversion earth station receiver we use. Here it will first down convert the shift signal in a 500 megahertz band to the first IF range that is 900 to 1400 megahertz. Means it will receive the signal from 5 megahertz satellite and it will convert into 900 to 1400 megahertz. Here we use two stages. This is what is called as first stage and this is what we called as the second stage. In the first stage this is a LNA means low noise amplifier is given to the band pass filter and again it will give to the local oscillator with the help of this local oscillator and mixer. We convert this RF frequency into the IF frequency. This is what is the first stage. After the first stage of a conversion of IF frequency it will give on to the receiver side with the help of the coaxial cable. Again with the help of this mixer and local oscillator we convert that one into the second IF amplifier and after that one we give to the demodulator. Number three shows the noise model of a receiver. This noisy amplifiers and down converts have been replaced by noiseless units with equivalent noise generation of their inputs. Here if you observe here the gain is called GRF. Again here we use a different gain that is a JM. Again here we use a different gain that is a gain GIF. This is a noiseless RF amplifier. This is a noiseless mixer and this is a noiseless IF amplifier. If you observe in the previous diagram that previous diagram is converted into this diagram with the simply replace that block with the this gain blocks. Here again this is a RF amplifier. This is a mixer and this is an IF amplifier and the corresponding temperature we have to provide that is a TIN and respective power output we have to calculate here PN. The total noise power at the output of the IF amplifier of the receiver is given by PN is equal to GIF into K into TIF into BN plus GIF GM into K into TM into BN plus GIF into GM into GRF into K into BN in bracket TRF plus TIN. This is equation number five where GIF GM and GRF are the gain of the IF amplifier mixer and RF amplifier and TIF, TM and TRF are the equivalent noise temperature. This equation five can be again simplified as PN is equal to GIF into GM into GRF in bracket K into TIF into BN divided by GM into GRF plus in bracket K into TM BN divided by GRF plus in bracket TRF plus TIN. Again this one is simplified and we get this equation number six. This figure shows noise model of the receiver. All the noise units have been replaced by one noiseless amplifier with a single noise receiver TS as the input. Now the noise source TS as the input, TIN is the temperature input is added and given to this gain. This is called as a noiseless receiver. This after this given to the noiseless receiver the output is a PN. The single source of a noise shown in figure four with noise temperature TS generates the same noise power PN at its output if PN is equal to GIF into GM into GRF into K into TS into BN. This equation number seven. This GIF, GM and GRF is the gain of that respective. If we compare the equation six and seven we get system noise temperature as follows. TS equal to TRF plus TIN plus TM divided by GRF plus TIF divided by GM into GRF. This is a represent equation number eight. That is a system noise temperature. Now figure five is a shows noise model for a lossy device. The lossy device has been replaced by lossless device with a single noise source that is TIN at its and output is noise source TNO and is a PN. The noise model for an equivalent output noise source as shown in figure five and produce a noise temperature TNO is given by TNO is equal to TP into one minus G1. That is equation number nine. Now the question is four gigahertz receiver with the following gains and noise temperature TIN is equal to 25 Kelvin, TRF is equal to 50 Kelvin, TIF is equal to 1000 Kelvin, TM is equal to 500 Kelvin, GRF is equal to 23 dB and GIF is equal to 30 dB. Now calculate the system noise temperature assuming that mixer has gain GM is equal to 0 dB. Now solving this mathematical equation. First of all you convert this decibel into the normalized function. This GRF and GIF you have to convert this decibel into the normalized function. Okay. Now we have to calculate here the system noise temperature. Now recall everyone the system noise temperature equation. Okay. Now TS that is the system noise temperature is equal to TRF plus TIN plus TM divided by GRF plus TIF divided by GM into GRF. Now before putting the values this temperature in Kelvin then no problem but this gain I want to convert into the normalized. This convert this dB into the normalized function. Now how we convert this gain in dB is equal to 10 log to the base 10 into normalized function. Okay. Now 23 is equal to 10 log to the base 10 into X. Now 23 divided by 10 you get 2.3 and that is and when you 10 raise to 2.3 that will convert into the normalized and you get the GRF and GIF into the normalized function and that put that values into this our equation and we get TS equal to TRF is a 50, TRF is a 50 Kelvin, TIN is equal to 25, 25, TM is equal to 500 that we put here. GRF after conversion of into dB we can get here 200 and after this product you get 200 and GRF we convert this GM. If you convert 0 dB into the normalized function we get 1 that is a 200 into 1 that is called 200. Now after solving this you get TS equal to 87.5 means extremize temperature for this solution is 87.5. The references for this topic is thank you.


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