Hi, this is George Cao and some of you who have followed me for a while know that I have had Some challenges with the idea of limiting beliefs a couple years ago. I made a video about it and Recently one of my colleagues Evelyn who's here with me. Hi Evelyn. Hello. Yeah She asked me about it. She's like, you know George you talk about how maybe there's no such thing as limiting beliefs and people might be Spinning themselves, you know around with with this idea of limiting beliefs and what do you think about it now? And I've actually softened my beliefs about limiting beliefs. I used to be kind of more hardcore and there are no limiting beliefs I don't believe in that kind of work, but then over the years as I've seen people work on these things I'm like there's something there about it and Evelyn actually works With a lot of people over the years regarding clearing their limiting beliefs and she's seen success with it So Evelyn, that's why I wanted to bring you here and to have a conversation I figure throughout the through the conversation of course people will get to know your work as well and so maybe we'll start with what is your perspective on Limiting beliefs or we could even you could even use any examples of work You've done with clients in the past some of the issues they bring to you, but however you want to start this this idea. Yeah Well, first of all, thank you George for having me here and a chance to have this conversation with you I would like to start by saying that I was also a skeptic. I was a total skeptic and it was like I think more than 15 years ago when I was kind of dragged into my first workshop and that was an EFT workshop my husband had signed me up for it and at that point we were just exploring different ideas and all that but I would say that I was quite close. I was reluctant to attend I mean just imagine like your spouse signing you up for something and you're being kind of forced to go because it's already been paid for So that was a weekend workshop I didn't think that I got much out of it because it was just a weekend, but Eventually as life would turn out a couple of months later. We found that we were in a lot of challenges and It started with my husband going into a slight depression because he decided to start his own business and then That's when we decided to you know what let's give this a try and see if it works So we tried it on a variety of situations from money situation migraine Pain shoulders, etc. And so on and we started to see that you know what it kind of works and And it started with my husband, but later on I started to Use that on myself. I work with a practitioner.  You like money issues. Yes, even physical issues, too. Yes Interesting. Okay. Yeah, go ahead and And what happened was that still I wasn't convinced like I said I was a total skeptic and I decided that the only way to know is to put myself out there and just you know Let anyone know who is who if you're having problems or struggling or feeling stressed out Let's try and see if this works and then eventually I when I surveyed some of my subscribers I found out that money issues were consistently the thing that was Being highlighted as the one area that stresses them the most so I thought you know what Let's try this again and see if it works for others and I've been quite blown away by some of the results that Clients get but they can come to me for almost Anything that they are feeling stressed or stuck about and we work on finding out What are some of the beliefs that could be driving all these repetitive patterns of stress and struggle Yeah, this was how I got started. Right. It's so interesting because recently I You know in my TLC program. I found myself Instructing the group to Look at if they have an emotional state that's not helpful to them negative state What might be a underlying belief in that and then I caught myself thinking oh my god, that's a limiting believe, isn't it? So I have come a long way with regards to this but So you have been working a lot on the money issues with with people So maybe we can we can talk up we can focus on that a little bit here What are some examples of limiting beliefs when it comes to money? It could eat the thing is a lot of people may say that they are really aware that They have this belief of I'm not good enough. So that's one big belief there But there are also different aspects or new ones to it. It could be that I Don't feel wanted or I don't feel that I'm worthy so If we can get specifically to what they are actually saying to themselves and the Conclusion that they have made then that is going to be a lot more powerful Let me share an example So this was one of the early clients that I've worked with She is by the time she came to see me. She was she already had three marriage breakdowns and And she wanted she she wanted to Start a new business. She wanted to go into the property line But she found that she consistently had the problem of getting her contract signed So her or prospective buyers would be like You know telling her yes, but just at the point where her Agreements were about to be signed none of these agreements could go through So when she contacted me, I had no idea that her situation was really bad Like, you know, she was going through a divorce. She had to pay her husband money and all that I didn't know the extent of her situation so we started working together and There were a couple of things that we work on but one particular Memory or event was about Her being given pocket money, right and then but these the money she was given was immediately taken away from her So it was like a game like her parents were playing with her and The conclusion that she made was that you know what she wanted, right? She wanted to buy candy But would always be out of reach So again, it's about maybe not good enough, but it was with a slight nuance to it Like the things that I want would be out of reach and throughout her life You know, it keeps the same patterns keep being repeated So this is this is just one story and But I would say that because I work a lot on one-on-one with clients.  So I've helped clients who Have Worked on issues like they don't feel wanted. They don't feel they don't belong Maybe the teachers let them in school or they fail in math so any incident where In that moment of trauma, they formed a limiting belief like, you know, I can't have this or it's it's shameful I need to be perfect in order to be loved and approved so that's when we need to Release the trauma that is in the past Even though it's considered or they may have considered that this is a small event You know, let's not make a big deal No big fast and all that but we find that it's actually all these small little events Where they have made a conclusion about themselves or about the world That is affecting their results today So That's very interesting. And what happened to that client? I mean once you worked with her I'm sorry if you mentioned that I didn't catch it. What happened at the end like or is it still ongoing? I don't know but Right for her within five months, she was able to pay back her loan She got 25 contracts Real estate contracts. There's a lot for real estate. Yeah, she got invited to speak in industry in her industry and She appeared in magazines. So that was it was huge Wow, and She credits that to Something clearing with that limiting belief So, why do you think that happens? I Have my theory about it Maybe I'll share my theory briefly, but I'd love to know what you think and maybe maybe what I guess perhaps the limiting belief Creates two things it creates a negative emotional state Especially when we're about to do something that Was connected to that limiting belief or trauma and that negative emotional state might actually Stop us from doing that thing or self-sabotage us like maybe I don't know I'm guessing maybe when the client when she had that limiting thought and that was creating this Limit in her in her business in her life. She maybe at the point of signing the contract She would self-sabotage or do something because she didn't feel like it was supposed to happen So she almost like subconsciously Yes, but it could be but what do you think why why why does the limiting brief create Limit I guess in our in our lives Because it shapes it shapes our perception. I mean, have you do you know about the work of Dr. Bruce Lipton? Yes. Yes. Yeah, go ahead and share what you understand about that. Yeah okay, so Yeah, at that at that point when I was a true skeptic I came across his work and that was how I started to you know Well, okay, let me just give this a try and see whether this is this really true like what he's saying So he's he said okay if if I'm interpreting or if I'm getting it correct is that the our perception of the world actually drives our Reactions responses and how and the actions that we undertake But these perceptions are shaped by the beliefs so we change the belief we change our perception and therefore change the results in his work as a cellular biologist she was Saying that we are not victims of our genes but masters of our genetics Which goes to show that we can actually change a lot in our lives even though sometimes we think that we've inherited these genes But no if we can work on the beliefs then a lot of things can change for us. I I'm not sure if this is correct. I think the term may maybe epigenetics, right? Oh, yeah epigenetics Yes The study of I'm just googling this the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes in And affect the way your genes work. This is actually from the cbc the definition of it and Yeah, that's so interesting. So beliefs shape perception which shape results now what I'm curious about if you now belief shaping perception that seems more Obvious to me, but maybe what's less obvious To well, it's less obvious to me and maybe to the people listening to this is how do you think perception then shapes results? Because what do you think is happening there? Yeah. Yeah, it's how we are responding to the world right and if You know because um part of the the The issues that we have right the struggles or the stress That we have today a lot of it is because We have been programmed to react in the same manner And in and if we trace it all the way back Right, if we follow the energy because that's what I always do Like I I when a client comes to me We are following her energy and we follow her energy to trace back to what has happened in the past And in that moment where she made that conclusion A block is created in her energy system So when I use a lot EFT these days So when we are releasing that that energetic block it somehow comes the sympathetic nervous system to let her know that actually it's safe right now There is no real threat. Whatever threat that has happened was in the past is no longer true right now So the more we can calm ourselves the more we are free to undertake a new action or behavior That makes a lot of sense. It's almost like If you believe that the door is locked And you just believe it that it's impossible that's if they don't you have no key It's locked. You will never even try to open it. That's exactly And but if you if you if you believe that well the door might be unlocked or I might have the key to it Then you actually will take the action to open the door or try a different key And therefore the door opens for you where before the perception of sometimes the perception is even there's no door here It's just a wall And then it's like it's like those Illusions what do you call it visual illusions where you like see a painting and it's all lines But then you if you see it just right you see there's something in the painting There's actually a tree or something like that It's it's like you to change your perception and you actually see something different And you're able to take action based on that that new perception. So that that makes a lot of sense to me This is really so Maybe you could tell us About another example if you have one about while we're still on this topic of money I think that's relevant to a lot of people here and and whether it's money actually or business Yes, there's a lot of folks watching who are working on their business What's another maybe limiting belief or example of how it's Keeping us from taking action um another example I have is this This lady who wanted to be able to present she had problems in public speaking showing up on videos and So we started working together and now for her. She has tried meditation and usually a lot of my clients I've tried a lot of things from meditation a lot of attraction thinking positively As such and so on so she has tried uh quite a lot of things for a number of years But she found that it was even difficult for her to Give a five-minute presentation for toast masters. So she wanted to practice She signed up for toast masters. She thought that that could help build her confidence In a way it did but she was still very very nervous And she realized that her Low self-confidence was affecting actually a lot of areas in her life And she needed to work on that So we started working together And again not knowing exactly what uh issue in the past could have or what belief that could be with You know like her experiencing her low sense of confidence And what we got was that she Had felt unwanted for a very long time And so it's like how does unwanted link to a public speaking issue, right? The thing is that yeah, she felt unwanted and um the event or the incident Or the story when she had in the past was about her mum Not wanting her And as we got as we traced back it was a case of mum Almost aborting her a few times So we actually worked on that Now that integration into a sense of wholeness because I use energy healing tools as well The integration into wholeness Actually gave her the permission to be here to be herself That it's okay to be you know to To feel that sense of belonging here And that actually helped her gain a greater sense of confidence So in the end um after working with her she was able to give presentations like last year When the Pandemic started she was giving two to three hour workshop classes with no problems So it's not that she she still have sometimes anxiety Like we all do for public speaking and presentations But she was able to conduct two to three hour classes. So that's huge Yeah, wow, that's a powerful example. Thank you for sharing that and so glad that that the client was able to work with you and then blog So um, maybe one more question and then and then we can start to complete the conversation You mentioned energetic block So how what is an energetic block? And how does that relate to limiting beliefs? The belief can create an energetic block in the system because it's like when there's nothing in the way, right? We are For the lack of a better word. We are powerful. We can manifest what we want, you know, we we there's nothing that stops us But when we create a belief and a conclusion and it's a limiting one it stops us from Aligning with our fullest potential. So that creates an energy block in our in our in our system so by releasing That trauma right for at least for this this last example that I was bringing up Or feeling unwanted and letting her know that it's no longer true or even that she can actually kind of Help herself by re-parenting herself with love and nourishment and all that Then uh, the the block just dissolves Yeah, and the way I think about energy block, I guess it's like it's a block to using your energy Right, it's like a block to using energy towards something and The belief is that kind of that the hurdle there Well, Evelyn, thank you so much for for sharing these um inspiring stories possibility so What are a few tools that you use so you mentioned EFT? Yes, and I think Probably a lot of folks listening to this have heard of EFT Do you want to describe it a little bit just like a minute? EFT involves using our fingertips to tap on specific meridian points on our face and body It's an emotional form of acupuncture And I would say that it's been pretty amazing. Yeah, and it doesn't require needles. It's just yeah Yeah, it's so it doesn't hurt. It doesn't you know, there's no possibility of hurting I still can't yeah, I formed myself. I find that you know, there's a whole science to it Yeah, it's it's not necessary to know it At least for me, right the the the whole science like What does researchers say and all that to me? What's more important is that it works I I don't really need to know like this point is releasing what uh, what emotion or the other point it doesn't it doesn't um It's not really a necessary Information to have when we are when we are applying it. Yeah, I think different people Need different types of information to believe something, but it's great that increasingly There has been science Demonstrating the effectiveness of EFT The other thing you mentioned we use is energy healing. Do you want to say a bit about that? Yes, um, so We one of the things that I help my clients with is that after doing the release work, we would install a new belief And we would rewrite the entire vibrational story because if she's been Having this story of I'm not feeling wanted. That's the story. She's beaming out to the universe so through Some an energetic process we install the new belief And then we create the visualization such that she switches a new to a new picture And this new picture is a picture with the belief of I'm feeling wanted Maybe it's bright. It's colorful It's uh The the energy of it is more joyful more lifted. So we we change that so that In in that integration process She gets aligned with a new picture altogether Um, thank you. That's beautiful. Um, and I I just realized I have a question that I don't know if we were able to talk about in just a few minutes, but When people do energy or limiting belief type work And it doesn't work for them. I mean over the years. I'm sure you have come across people That have tried many different kinds of limiting belief type work and it didn't work for them. They're still the same After maybe even years of trying something I know there could be many reasons but what Might be of one reason that it didn't so-called didn't work for them. Um, okay, so sometimes When we are trying because when we are trying to I see like this is like detective work Like we are trying to find a needle in a haystack sometimes because a lot of times we tend to bury some of the things that have happened in the past um so sometimes when we are tapping through we We we we are not specific enough uh in The event or in identifying the belief. So for example, this is a just a very easy example to bring up Let's say a person has a fear of going onto a plane. So it's a fear of lying So at first you may be tapping on the fear of lying But she still has that anxiety after working through that then It could be that we find out that it's not fear of lying But it's fear of dying from a plane crash. So it could be more specific than that And then we may also find out that it could be part of that but it could also be a fear of say Getting paralyzed right if the plane crash So there's specific beliefs That could actually be the part that we are missing So the most specific we are right the better the results Wow, that's very helpful. And I'm sure there are other reasons we could talk about perhaps I would encourage you to uh, you know create some content around around why these When these things don't work and what might be the case, I think that would be quite interesting for people But I will be sure to put, you know be those watching this video Above or below the video somewhere will be At least one or two links to Evelyn's content Evelyn, thank you so much for for what you do and how you do it and the spirit with which you do it Any final words of encouragement for this video before we conclude? Well, I just want to thank you George for this opportunity to be here on this call with you It's great having a conversation with you And it's been my privilege to connect with you and to work with you. Yeah, thank you so much. Well Folks, if you this was interesting definitely check out Evelyn's content as of this recording Evelyn you have been become Doing some really interesting stuff on instagram that I that I've been enjoying So, you know whether you know, anyway, you click on the links in the in the notes of the video and you can You can take a look at Evelyn's content. So Thanks, Evelyn. Thank you. Thank you, George


This is going to be controversial. I have five pairs of Truman boots spanning much of their boot-making history. Now I like my Truman boots, but I don't love them. G'day, my name is Tech and welcome back to my channel Bootlossophy. I acknowledge the traditional custodians of the lands I live and work on here in Perth in Western Australia, the Wajik people. My journey with Truman boots began in April of 2022. When I bought my first pair of Truman boots in a seconds and samples sale, it was this pair of boots in Seidel's Light Natural Limerick. You can see the review of them up here. Now, I don't believe it's a second because I haven't seen this leather being used before, so I think this was a sample that happened to be in my size. It's on Truman's most popular last, the 79 last. In fact, all of my Truman boots are in the same 79 last. I was originally put onto the brand by Dale from Dale's Leatherworks because he had so many pairs of Truman boots and sang the praises. I was really impressed and intrigued by this first pair. They looked good, they felt good in this particular last and I enjoyed wearing them. So like all boot collectors, I bought more. Before I go on, I should say a bit about Truman boots for people new to quality Americana heritage style boots or new to Truman as a brand. Truman Boot Company isn't an old-time boot company, even though their designs are based on heritage American boot designs in the work boot or service boot category. The influence is clearly from American heritage work wear. They look like they come from a 100-year-old tradition. The company was actually founded in 2014 by Vince Romano and Truman is the name of Vince's border collie. Truman was a small batch made-to-order company that is focused on making good quality boots and being from the US it became about making a well-made American product. In doing so, they have been part of the revival of an industry that could have disappeared in the US. Vince has said that when he started Truman boots, he set out to make boots that would be unique and last for many years. The boots that they now produce are definitely rugged and tough and the use of very unique and different leathers make whatever they offer on their last truly unique. Truman had a journey themselves. They started in Pennsylvania, that's in the eastern United States and then moved to Colorado which is somewhere in the middle and then moved again finally settling in Oregon in the US Pacific Northwest. Their website said that the moves were motivated by necessity, the need for better factory space, more skilled workers and so on. Vince had stated that he saw the future in having more ready-to-wear inventory rather than remaining a strictly made-to-order company. During the pandemic, their MTO lines really lengthened and as we all came out of the pandemic, Truman moved to a ready-to-ship business model. While not all styles and sizes are always immediately available, they sell up pretty fast. Their models have gone from about six or seven when they first committed to ready-to-ship to about 25 models as I'm recording this. Where before Truman had I think three different lasts, those are the boot-shaped molds in which they formed the uppers, they now focus on only two lasts, the 79 last and the 20 last. Now this I assume makes it easier for production runs. Removing a less popular last means that they have less chances of slow-moving inventory. Now I believe the 79 last was Truman's original last and is used for all of their cap-toe and plain-toe models. It's an almond-shaped last and it's available in B, D and WE widths. The 20 last is used for their mock-toe boots with a little more volume in the toe box and is only available in D width. When they first started they used stitch-down construction where the uppers are lasted and then the edges flared out and stitched down directly to the midsole. As they moved west at some stage, stitch-down was reduced in availability, mainly because of the time it took and the relative cost of the stitch-down and then ultimately all your boots are now good year-welted. As opposed to stitch-down where the uppers are stitched directly to the midsole, in good year-welting the uppers are turned in instead of being flared out and then they are stitched to a welt which is then separately stitched to the midsole and sometimes the outsole as well. So in the opposite of Truman's own journey, slowly meandering across the United States, my Truman journey began with one pair bought in April of 2022 and very quickly accelerated through four more pairs in as little as seven months. I really liked the rugged aesthetic and the interesting letters they came in and as a first experience I really liked the light natural limerick. This was in the 2022 form of good year-welting. The 79 last was roomy for me so that while it formed a snug fit, the toe box had room and despite the almond-shaped toe, it didn't squeeze my toes. I found the support of the uppers and the Vibram 430 mini lug sole perfect for the walks and hikes that my wife and I take on the weekends through our national parks. The 270 degree good year storm welt across the front three quarters of the boot was easily water and mud resistant for those walks. I also liked the aesthetic. Looking down it was a pleasing cross between service boot and work boot aesthetic and it looked rugged. But I liked them enough to be interested in different uppers and then I bought more. So chronologically, in order of when and how I accumulated them, my second pair in May of 2022 was the Smoke Rambler bought from eBay almost new. In August of 2022, two popped up from eBay, the Black Rambler and the most iconic Truman model, the Java waxed flesh. After a hiatus in November of 2022, this Aubergine horse butt appeared on eBay and while I thought I might stop buying Truman boots, I'd never had a horse butt and the price was right because of a small cut on the uppers. However, in terms of chronological order of when Truman offered these boots, the order is mixed up a bit from the order I bought them in. I believe the earliest model in my collection is the Java waxed flesh. The giveaway is that these are stitched down construction, obviously made before they moved to Goodyear welting. Java waxed flesh leather is made by the famous Horween Tanry in Chicago and it's a rough out leather where the rough nappy flesh side is turned outwards and it's also heavily waxed so that when new, it looks almost smooth. Once worn though, the nap starts to show and being on a lighter base in the wax gives a beautifully contrasting patina of nappy reddish brown. This was once Truman's most popular leather but I think in the last few years, it's been taken over by Coach Rambler. Ignore the kilties by the way, that's not original, it's from Dale's Leather Works and I find that Truman boots in particular are really suited to adding false tongues for the work boots style look. It's built with a leather midsole and a foam filler and a fiberglass shank on a commando lug sole made by Goodyear. You can check my initial review up there to learn about fit and sizing but the main thing in my journey is that these have an unstructured toe which is my first unstructured toe box boots. The second earliest pair now is I think the Black Rambler. Rambler is one of Truman's repeat leathers and it's from Charles F. Stett Tanry in Leeds, England. It's a shrunken suede and is such thinner than Java Wex Flesh but being shrunken is really still pretty sturdy. Suede is a split leather after the top layer of grain-side leather is split from the full hide. In the case of the Rambler, it's shrunken in the heated tanning process losing about 30% of the size which also means that the fiber structure shrinks and makes it actually stronger. It's then waxed in the tanning process and produces a tough leather that shows all the imperfections and veins and undulation of the animal skin. This is in Truman's Goodyear welting stage and I think earlier than the Aubergine horse rum because it's a 360-degree Goodyear welt which I believe Truman first tried. It's built on a leather insole, foam-filling again, fiberglass shank again and a leather midsole and then on a day-night studded outsole. Again, check out my review up here for my opinion about sizing. This also had an unstructured toe but the toe-box shape of the same 79 last seems to have developed and it's not as sharply into the almond toe shape which is I think why I prefer the fit. Next chronologically, I think came the Aubergine horse rum but I'm not too sure. I'm guessing the order because this is in a 270-degree welt format and I believe Truman went from the initial experiments with the 360 welt to a 270 welt later. However, they may have come out at relatively the same time because the toe-box on the horse butt is more similar to the black rambler and I think it's still quite a sharp turn into the almond shape. The Aubergine horse butt is also built on a day-night sole and also has a fiberglass shank. I think then the next oldest boot is the smoked rambler. Again, it might be contemporaneous with the light-natural limerick because construction is actually very similar between these two boots. Now the limerick was a sample. There may be a hair's difference in timing during 2022. Both the smoked rambler and the limerick have structured toes and the more rounded toe-box shape and so I think that's why I prefer the fit of these two. The smoked rambler is such an unusual light color, isn't it? That it really goes anywhere and pairs nicely with this olive rough-out kilty from Dale. The smoked rambler makeup is also unusual in that it's on a leather midsole with a vibram half sole in the mini lug pattern. I think this one also has a fiberglass shank as well. For the sake of completeness, my review of the smoked rambler is up there. Now here's the controversial part. You know how I believe that we think something is of value because of what we feel in our hearts, not in the actual calculations that our heads make. I like them because I like the design, particularly the newer ones. Coming off what I can only assume is a newer 79 last with a more rounded toe-box. They are wickedly rugged and work boot-like. I like them because they feel sturdy and protective and this limerick one has been fantastic out in the bush. I actually feel bulletproof. I also really like them for the absolute variety of totally different and rarely used leathers or at least rarely used by other brands. Truman seems to pick the wildest leathers and give them a go and somehow the package works. In the past and even a little while, even for me, there have been bright green and bright blue and bright red uppers, camouflage leathers and horse butts and suede. But I haven't liked them enough to buy them full price. At first I thought my reticence was due to the wait times for the MTOs, especially during the pandemic and I thought that was putting me off. But now I believe that it was simply my heart telling me I don't love them enough to wait as I waited for other MTO boots during that period and the prices at mid US 400s to high 500s. To me, my heart was saying, not that the build and material value wasn't there because clearly they are. But my heart was saying, no, no, that's a little too much dollars for the love that I'm not feeling.  I don't cut them up and look at each piece and work out the cost of each item piece by piece to see if it all adds up to the price. To me, the whole of the product is what I like or I don't like. And the whole package is how I judge value, not price. We make decisions based on how we feel overall and then we reference our head to balance head and heart. It's about how it makes me feel and while I like Truman boots and I cannot disprove their worth, to me, I'm sorry, but somehow I just don't love them. Don't get me wrong. As a collector, I don't regret my five pairs and I'm pleased I was able to source some earlier versions. But unless a makeup really appeals to my heart, I think my Truman journey may have come to an end. But never say never, right? 007? We'll see. For now, I still subscribe to Truman's website and I go in and check every now and then. Maybe, just maybe, I might still get a coach rambler. Okay, controversy corner is over. I hope you liked my little journey. If you did, please click on the like below and if you're not subscribed, please click on subscribe as well. There's more to come, much more to come in terms of boot reviews in 2024 and I have some plans for other videos on bags and gear and other things. So if you like all of that, subscribe. And until the next video, stay safe and I'll see you soon.


The next item of business is a statement by Humza Yousaf on programme for government 2023-2024. The First Minister's statement will be followed by a debate, and so there should be no interventions or interruptions during the statement. I call on the First Minister up to 30 minutes please. Presiding Officer, I have often talked about my paternal grandfather, Mohammed Yousaf, over the last few months. I have commented on his journey from Pakistan to Paulette Shields, when he first lived upon arrival to this country. What I haven't spoken about is the difficult circumstances that followed shortly after he arrived here in Scotland, in a country where he could barely speak the language and he had little to his name. Unfortunately, five years after arriving in Scotland, my grandmother, Mohammed Yousaf's wife, died at the age of 33, leaving my grandfather having to raise five children. He got remarried, but was left with five devastated children, including my father and my uncle, one of his children's still a young baby. My grandfather went on to become a successful small business owner, and although he has now passed away, his wife, my step-grand, still to this day works in the convenience store in Mayfield. She tells me that Daniel Johnson is one to pop in on occasion. I mention his story, Presiding Officer, because there is no way that my grandfather, all those decades ago, could have supported his five children and have been a successful small business owner if it was not for the support of society and of the state. At a time when he really needed it, the Government was there to support him financially. That, in turn, helped to unleash his entrepreneurial spirit and, over the decades, he created jobs and contributed significantly to society, not least through the taxes that he paid. There is no doubt in my mind that economic growth goes hand in hand with tackling poverty, as it did for my grandfather, all those years ago. The programme for government that I am publishing today is unashamedly anti-poverty and pro-growth, and it has a focus on supporting women who are disproportionately affected by the pressures of modern life, including through expanding our childcare offer. When I became First Minister, I promised that I would lead a Government for the whole country. In this chamber, we must never forget that, while we disagree sometimes and quite rightly passionately, there is far more that unites us than divides us. Over the last two years, the SNP and Scottish Green parties have successfully worked together to build a greener, fairer Scotland. In a world full of uncertainty, people rightly expect their elected representatives to work together constructively, and that is exactly what we have done. So, to all the parties represented in this chamber, I repeat the offer that I made upon becoming First Minister. You will sometimes disagree with things that we do, but when you can, work with us. You will find that my door is always open. I have already shown my willingness to work with others in recent months, but we should also remember the words of the late David McLeachie. He warned about worshiping the false God of consensus. In that vein, the Government I lead will not simply coalesce around the lowest common denominator. For the good of society, for our future, for our children, where we need to, we will pick a side. In particular, while other political parties are abdicating their responsibilities to tackle the climate emergency, we will be unapologetic in taking the action needed to ensure a sustainable future for our children and for our planet. This programme is an opportunity to be explicit about the driving mission of this Government, so let me make it abundantly clear. We are a Government that will maximise every single lever at our disposal to tackle the scourge of poverty in our country. We have adopted progressive tax and spending policies to face those challenges. I will never shy away from the belief that those who earn the most should pay the most, but let me be equally clear. Without any equivocation, we also need to support economic growth, not for its own sake but so that we can tackle poverty and improve our public services. The unfortunate reality is that the Scottish Government is currently operating with one hand tied behind our back. Scotland has had no control over the fallout from the UK Government's disastrous mini-budget or Brexit or over a decade of austerity. However, we still have to deal with the devastating consequences of those actions. To give just one example, in the past five years we have spent more than £700 million on countering the impact of Westminster welfare cuts alone. That is why this Government will never stop believing that decisions about Scotland should not be made by a Government based in Westminster but by the people of Scotland. I remind members that there should be no interventions or interruptions of any kind during the statement. Independent countries comparable to Scotland are wealthier and fairer than the UK, and with our abundant resources, the question that we must ask ourselves is why not Scotland. In proposing the case for independence, we will set out a positive vision for Scotland's future, and there is much to be positive about. Scotland's economy already performs better than most parts of the UK. We have world-class universities and colleges and significant strengths and potential in many of the key economic sectors of the future. Today's programme sets out how we will build on those strengths to make people's lives better. Tackling poverty is deeply personal to me. Growing up in the Islamic faith, one of the core beliefs of our faith that I was taught is that you are not a true Muslim if you have a full stomach while your neighbour goes to bed hungry. Tackling poverty is not straightforward given the restrictions of devolution, especially in the face of a cost of living crisis and challenging budget settlements, but it is absolutely essential. So, wether it is faith or your humanism and ingrained sense of social justice, we must all surely unite in saying that in 2023, with the abundance of wealth that we have as a society, it is morally indefensible that people in our country, frankly our planet, go to sleep hungry. My first announcement today is that by February we will remove income thresholds for our best-star food programme, meaning that a further 20,000 pregnant mothers and children will benefit from financial support for milk and healthy food. That is a further demonstration of this Government giving our children the best possible start. We will invest more than £400 million in the Scottish child payment to help more than 300,000 children across the country. For many families, the payment worth £25 per child per week ensures food is on the table or the heating is on at home. We can already see the benefits of this policy now, but its true legacy will last for a lifetime. Through our actions, through this Government's actions, an estimated 90,000 children are estimated to be lifted out of poverty. That is the difference that this Government is making. The Scottish child payment is part of a total investment of more than £5 billion in Scottish Government social security payments, which supports more than 1.2 million people the length and breadth of Scotland. I can confirm that funding will increase by almost £1 billion in the year ahead. We will continue to explore what more can be done to tackle poverty during the budget process. We have also convened an expert group to look at how we can make progress towards a minimum income guarantee. Today, I am calling on the UK Government to use its reserve powers to establish an essential guarantee to ensure that the value of universal credit payments is always sufficient for people to afford essential items such as food, transport and energy. In addition to those actions, we will continue to reduce some of the costs that affect households right across the country. The Government has led the way in the provision of universal free school meals for primary school children. I can confirm that, working with councils, we will roll out universal free school meals for all pupils in primary 6 and 7, starting with those children in receipt of the Scottish child payment. From October, we are introducing a pilot project to remove peak fares on ScotRail services. In addition, we recognise that housing costs are a key factor in determining people's standard of living. During the cost of living crisis, the Government took prompt action to introduce emergency rent caps for most private tenants and to introduce additional protections against eviction. We have now laid regulations to ensure that those measures will remain in place until 31 March next year. We will also introduce a housing bill to introduce long-term rent controls and new tenants rights, and to establish new duties for the prevention of homelessness. We will continue to work to reduce the number of people living in temporary accommodation. We will invest £750 million to support the delivery of affordable homes and meet our target of securing 110,000 affordable homes by 2032. 10 per cent of those homes will be located in rural and island communities because we know that those communities are facing significant housing challenges. We also know that those communities are not passive. We see in the lights of the Arran Development Trust, the Mull and Iona community trust and staff and community trust real ambition in supporting new housing. We have been working with local government, business, the third sector and, crucially, local communities to publish an action plan for housing in rural and island areas later this year. We have established a £25 million fund to provide homes for key workers in rural areas. Across Scotland, we will invest £60 million this year to acquire empty properties for use as affordable homes. Following consultation, I can confirm that we will also enable councils to apply a premium on council tax rates for second homes, a demonstration of our desire to empower local government to tackle the challenges that they face. We will introduce a cladding remediation bill and ask that Parliament be given the powers to introduce a levy in Scotland mirroring the UK Government's building safety levy for England. The protection of and where possible the advancement of rights is a collective obligation for each and every single one of us. I have spoken about the racism and Islamophobia that I have and continue to face. Many others in this Parliament have spoken about the bigotry, the homophobia, the ableism, the misogyny that they have been on the receiving end of. As part of our mission to promote equality and eradicate hatred, we will improve human rights protections through a human rights bill. There are those in this Parliament who have said recently that we concentrate far too much on social policy, but it is our job—every MSP's job—to help to protect marginalised communities from the hatred that is far too pervasive in our society. A population that has its rights protected is one that can thrive. It is not just good for society, it is, but it is also good for our economy, too. Finally, on the theme of equality, we recognise that helping people into good, fairly paid work is also a key part of tackling poverty. We will work with local authorities and employers to help people who face barriers to starting or restarting work. We will support care leavers into employment. That is just one of the ways in which we will help to keep our promise to those with experience of care. I will also personally convene a dedicated cabinet sub-committee for the promise. We will not let those with care experience down. This Government also recognises the crucial role of childcare in helping parents to return to work, benefiting not just them, but the wider economy. The Scottish Government has expanded ELC to 1140 hours a year for all three and four-year-olds and around a quarter of all two-year-olds. I am pleased to announce that we will go further. First, we will provide funding in six early adopter council areas to increase access to childcare from nine months old through to the end of primary school. Secondly, we will accelerate the next phase in our expansion of childcare for families with two-year-olds at reaching thousands more families. Thirdly, we will give parents and carers more scope to manage their childcare so that it meets their specific needs. Some parents may want to use a mix of provision and may find arranging and keeping track of their childcare stressful. We will simplify that process, enabling parents through digital means to have more control over their childcare choices. Fourth, we will support efforts to recruit and retain more childminders, with an aim to recruit 1,000 more childminders by the end of this Parliament. Fifth, we know that one of the biggest challenges that the sector faces is recruitment, so I can confirm today that we will provide funding so that staff in the private, voluntary and independent sector who deliver funded early learning and childcare are paid a minimum of £12 an hour from April of next year. High quality early education in childcare is a perfect example of a policy that is both anti-poverty and pro-growth. I am proud that Scotland has the most generous childcare offer in the UK, and I am committed to ensuring that we stay ahead and provide families with the crucial support that they need. One of my earliest actions as First Minister was to develop a new and stronger relationship with business so that we can work together to create jobs and create opportunities. In the year ahead, we will implement the recommendations that were made by the New Deal for Business Group. Where we can, we will also work with the UK Government to support growth. In fact, I wrote to the UK Government just yesterday to request discussions on that very issue. One idea that I am keen to explore with them is a recommendation in the recent report from the Hunter Foundation about using tax incentives and wider economic policy to support investment in key sectors such as renewables. Scotland has long been a nation of innovation and invention, but for all the excellent success that we have had, we also have to be honest, we have not always managed to retain that entrepreneurial talent and the jobs that they create here in Scotland. The programme for government sets out a £15 million plan to support innovation and entrepreneurship. It includes increased support for Scottish Edge and the Scottish Ecosystem Fund, continued work to implement Mark Logan's excellent review of our technology ecosystems, a blueprint to make our colleges and universities stronger bases for entrepreneurs, and a programme to deliver the recommendations of Anna Stewart's equally excellent report on supporting women into enterprise. We will also work to continue to attract international investment and promote exports, and we will support small businesses. For example, we will work with local government and our enterprise agencies to transform the support that we provide them. We will work with business organisations to help small businesses improve their productivity, and we will build on the work of the new deal for business group, for example, in considering improvements to the non-domestic rates system. Those early actions demonstrate our determination to listen and to act as we build a new relationship with business to support economic growth for our purpose. In the year ahead, we will continue investment in important infrastructure, including continued investment in the construction of six new ferries by 2026. Alongside our record investment in active travel, we will reopen the Levenmouth rail line, electrify the Glasgow to Bar headline and open a new rail station at East Linton. We are committed to improving the A96, including dualling the road from Inverness to Nairn with a Nairn bypass. Let me be crystal clear, this Government, my Government, will duel the A9 from Inverness to Perth. I can confirm today that we have launched the procurement for the Tomatom-Tomoi section as the next step in that work. We are also helping the rural economy. In the coming year, we will help to create a new framework for rural support through the agriculture bill. We will promote our food and drink industry. We will press the UK Government to honour its obligations to our fishing sector. When it comes to Scotland's land, it is clear that too much of our land is in the hands of too few. Our land reform bill will make land ownership more transparent and will also give communities more opportunities to own their land. We will step up to the challenge. We will seek to be bold and radical and will continue to develop proposals for crofting law reform. We will continue to support Scotland's thriving tourism sector and to promote major events. We will publish further details of our future support for culture in the forthcoming budget. This sector should be assured that this Government values the role of culture, not just for the substantial economic impact it has but also for the incredible joy that it brings people in Scotland and right around the world. The final part of our economic plan is also one of the most important. You only need to look at the United States or the European Union to see the way in which ambitious Government and state support for green industries is helping to create new jobs. The inactivity of the UK Government risks us falling behind in an increasingly competitive race. The Scottish Government is taking action to boost green industries with the limited powers that we have. One important area where I can announce change is through the consenting processes for renewable technologies. We will agree a sector deal with the onshore wind industry to half the consenting time for new section 36 wind farms. As part of this deal, we will maximise the benefits onshore wind that can create for local communities and Scotland's economy. We will also streamline offshore wind consenting processes and continue to implement our hydrogen action plan. I continue to appeal to the UK Government, which holds the substantial levers of our tax and financial incentives to use those powers to unleash and accelerate the renewables potential of our country. Our economy and indeed our planet deserves better than Westminster in Ayrshire. We will also take forward our work on a green industrial strategy. We will consult on a heat and buildings bill and we will continue to promote a circular economy. We will publish a final energy strategy and just transition plan. We will continue to protect and enhance our natural environment. Crucially, we will continue to show global leadership in international climate discussions. As well as the enormous economic opportunity created by climate action, there is an overwhelming moral imperative. The terrifying impacts of climate change are not something to worry about the distant future. They are here today. In that context, some of the actions of the Westminster parties over this summer, such as the UK Government's reluctance to support onshore wind, its commitment to more than 100 new oil and gas licences, Labour's U turning on low emission zones, are baffling as they are dangerous. The Scottish Government will take a responsible approach and show climate leadership. Tackling the climate crisis will be hard, but in the long run, doing nothing—or even worse—acting far too slowly is the more expensive choice. It is a choice that will see far more lives lost on our planet. It is a choice for which we would rightly never be forgiven by our children or our grandchildren. The programme also sets out how we will support strong and high-quality public services. The national health service is already making progress in recovering from the pandemic. We have the best-performing accident and emergency departments in the UK, and in the past year, the number of people waiting more than 18 months for treatment has almost halved. We will work with health boards to reduce waiting lists further in the year ahead. A fourth national treatment centre will open in Forth Valley in the coming year, and the centre at the Golden Jubilee hospital will increase our capacity. We will continue to work with local authorities on the introduction of the national care service. During the summer, I spent a considerable amount of time hearing directly from people from all walks of life across the country about the challenges that they are struggling with. One group that is inspirational is the purple poncho players, a theatrical group made up of disabled people who put on gripping performances that challenge Governments and all of us in society to confront the uncomfortable truth of life as a disabled person in Scotland. I heard very moving testimony from them, the Glasgow Disability Alliance and others, who have been affected by the closure of the independent living fund, which assists disabled people with especially complex needs to get the support that they need in order to live independent lives. Therefore, I am pleased to announce today that I will reopen the independent living fund in the next financial year, with an initial investment of up to £9 million. In the year ahead, we will also improve access to GP services and we will launch the national centre for remote and rural health and care. We will also publish a new delivery plan for mental health and wellbeing. We will continue with our mission to reduce drugs deaths and will invest in alcohol and drugs partnerships. Recent drugs deaths figures show that we are heading in the right direction, but no more than that.  Those approaches must be grounded in the evidence of what works. That is why we will support a proposal to establish a safer drug consumption facility and argue for drug law reform. In light of the latest Home Office Select Committee report, I would urge the UK Government to listen to the evidence and either support a safer drug consumption facility or at least devolve the power to us so that we can more easily take that bold action that is required. We are also reviewing the responses to the alcohol marketing consultation. We will always support jobs and the economy. We will also work with industry where appropriate, but be in no doubt. We will take further action to reduce alcohol harm and particularly to protect children from its ill effects. I hear too often about how common vaping is amongst our young people. In the next year, we will take action to reduce vaping and particularly amongst children. I am pleased to announce that the Government will also consult on curbing the sale of disposable single-use vapes, including consulting on an outright ban. The Government also recognises the vital importance of supporting our health and care workforce. Scotland is and remains the only part of the UK where there has been no industrial action in the health service. That is because we never questioned the motivations of our workforce in seeking higher pay in the midst of a cost of living crisis, and we were prepared to face up to some very challenging negotiations. We worked with unions and agreed deals that benefit patients and staff. As a result, we have ensured that NHS Scotland staff remain the best-paid anywhere in the UK. I am pleased to confirm that today I will fulfil a promise that I made to social care staff before becoming First Minister. We will provide funding to enable an increase of pay of social care workers in direct care roles so that they can be paid at least £12 an hour. For those on full-time contracts, that could lead to a pay increase from April of up to £2,000 a year. That increase of over 10 per cent values our social care staff, helps them to support their families, and also helps us to recruit and retain staff. It is good for individual employees, for our social care services and for our society as a whole. Another issue that is close to my heart is First Minister and, as a husband and as a father, is the issue of miscarriage. I have spoken before about the personal loss and trauma that my wife Nadia and I have faced through multiple miscarriages. It is a health issue that society is now more open about, but I think that it is still less talked about than perhaps maybe it should be. I know how that sense of loss, regardless of when it happens during a pregnancy, is certainly one that stays with you for life. Each loss that Nadia and I have suffered has been difficult. There is no doubt in my mind that we can better support those who experience miscarriage. The programme for government today outlines how we will continue to improve care and support for miscarriage, including ensuring that women do not have to wait until a third miscarriage to receive tailored support. We will also help to provide access to progesterome prescriptions and secure separate spaces in hospitals within maternity wards for women who suffer a miscarriage. I am also pleased to say that, later this month, we will launch a certificate memorial book of pregnancy and baby loss prior to 24 weeks, and I want to thank Paytribute, my predecessor for the work that she has done on that particular issue. This Government will also continue to support our schools and promote excellence in education. We will introduce an education bill to establish a new qualifications body in Scotland and to create an independent education inspectorate. We will set out plans for reforming our education and skills bodies and will deliver the pay deal that we have reached with our teachers. We will continue our work to widen access to university. That work is now seeing record numbers of students from disadvantaged backgrounds around 5,600 in the latest official statistics enter our universities. We will also rejoin key international education studies and we will continue to focus on closing the attainment gap and improve outcomes for young people with additional support needs. We will also continue to support equality and diversity in schools, for example through our anti-racism and education programme and through promoting a decolonised curriculum. We will invest in our police, fire and justice services, too. The introduction of body-worn cameras is a priority for the police and for this Government, so we will start introducing that technology next year. We have already reduced the backlog of cases in our justice system by over a third and we will aim to end the backlog in some of the cases during 2024. We will invest in our prisons while also working with community justice partners to reduce realfending and create safer communities. We will continue to focus on ensuring victims and witnesses of crime are at the very heart of our justice system. We live in times when the rights of women in many parts of the world are regressing. It is important that Governments who believe passionately in taking a stand against misogyny, including state and institutional misogyny, stand up and be counted. That is why we will work with Gillie Mackay to support her bill for safe access for abortion. It simply cannot be right that women feel in any way impeded in accessing healthcare. We will bring forward legislation to criminalise misogynistic abuse, following the public consultation and Baroness Kennedy's report into the issue. Just before I close, I want to expand on that point. The MeToo movement, the Reclaim the Night marches and the response to the murders of Sarah Everard and Sabina Nesra have instigated a movement of women sharing their stories about everyday sexism, about harassment, about the tragic and violent crime that women are too often subjected to. The steps that the Scottish Government is taking to criminalise misogynistic abuse and improve our criminal justice system are in part a response to that, but they cannot be the only response. There is much bigger responsibility on our society as a whole and particularly on all men to create a positive change. Men—all of us, of course, included—need to do more than simply call out negative male behaviour. We need to tackle what is often called toxic masculinity, which harms men and boys, as well as, of course, women and girls. We must build a society where men feel confident in taking a stand against misogyny, but to do so we must also promote the positive and highlight to boys and men the benefits that positive masculinity can provide for their everyday lives, how it can build respectful, healthier relationships with their partners, with their families, with colleagues, with society and also lead to better mental health and wellbeing for men and boys. The Scottish Government does not have all the answers on that. We cannot take it on alone, but it is a challenge that we will return to. As First Minister, I am committed to leading on this issue in my own actions and those of the Government that I lead. Presiding Officer, in conclusion, at the start of this statement, I made it clear that the Scottish Government will always be on the side of the people we serve. Scotland is, certainly, should be a land of opportunity, but I know that it does not always feel like that. To people bearing the brunt of a Westminster cost of living crisis, to families living in poverty, to struggling businesses, to those who still face consequences of discrimination and inequality, I get that. That is why this programme for government tackles poverty and inequality head-on. As part of our work to create opportunities and build strong communities, in the year ahead, we will help more than 300,000 children with more than £1,000 a year through the Scottish child payment, we will increase social security spending by almost £1 billion, we will expand free school meals, we will widen access to financial advice, we will help more parents by healthy food, we will help disabled people with the most complex needs so that they can live independent lives, we will safeguard the rights of tenants, we will promote payment of the living wage, we will increase the pay of childcare and social care staff and we will expand high-quality childcare. We will do all of this, first and foremost, because it is the right thing to do, but also, as I know from my own family history, because providing people with support and security helps them to contribute to society and create opportunities for others. This programme for government sets out how we will work with partners to tackle poverty, to promote growth, to strengthen the public services that we all depend on. The people of Scotland should be left in absolutely no doubt whatsoever. This Scottish Government is on their side. This programme for government shows how we will make progress towards a fairer, wealthier and greener Scotland. I am delighted to commend it to this panel.


My name is Victor Uriindi. I work with the adaptation consortium working in Kenya to support a number of sub-national governments to mainstream climate change planning and in budgeting and implementation. The one of CB812 was great in that there was a lot of examples from a number of countries that were shared and key lessons that we learnt. One was that while it's good working through existing governance structures, it's also important to take into account the local context so that whatever is proposed can be implemented without many challenges. Some things like incentives are good and can be used to motivate adaptation activities and this might as well work in certain contexts but not the others. The second thing that we learnt yesterday was the fact that we need to attract private sector. This is one of the challenges especially for those working with adaptation in the hard to reach vulnerable areas where we need to attract a lot of investment, a lot of funding to deal with these challenges. But the one thing that we noted was that also attracting private sectors need to be unpacked a bit to understand what sort of private sector you able to attract in these difficult areas which might not readily lend themselves to the objectives of private sector such as investing and getting some good returns on the investment almost immediately. So we need more discussion in terms of what can we do to ensure that we attract the different private players from the small scale to the medium and maybe when the environment is good enough then we can think of the coming of the big private sector players. So private sector is good but I think more discussion is needed in terms of finding different incentives for the different categories that can meet different contexts.


And also the news of Green Bay Packers resigning Aaron Rodgers franchise tagging Devonte Adams. This team is loaded for the foreseeable future, but Devonte Adams on a franchise tag is definitely an improvement type of deal. I expect them both to have monster seasons. Devonte Adams is still a top three wide receiver option. Aaron Rodgers is still going to be a top five, the top six quarterback option for this season in fantasy. I think that this team is going to go out and get another weapon. I could see Aaron Rodgers increasing his value if another weapon is added, but for now he remains at the same value he had last season, probably at that top five value.


Cart hey, what's up, Nick? How we doing Nick got all that coming right after this guys? We still time. Oh, there's a second one. It's gonna be the undertaker 29 of 35 on the silver bar cart There we go. Very sick 29 of 35 The undertaker on the one ounce of silver You know, it's one there on the legends Legends very sick That's on that one. Good luck on this one guys 29 out of 35 Alrighty guys, let me get our random going. Let me get our random going so we do have all the names typed in I'm gonna roll two dice see how many times we'll go Seven times four and three seven times


Hey does your knee hurt? Oftentimes the knee pain is actually not coming from your knee. It's caused by something else What would that be Sal? Yeah, you know what you know what this the the reason why I wanted to say this is we had a question Not just one we've had like three or four in the last few weeks. We have Maps Prime Pro is a correctional exercise kind of based program and All the major joints are in there that you can address Except for the knees and oftentimes you get people messaging us Why aren't the knees on here my knees hurt and that's a common area that people have pain Yeah, and so I wanted to explain a little bit around about knee pain And what the most common reasons are that your knees tend to bother you So the best explanation I can give is this is that the knees joint itself Although it's this way more complex and the way I'm gonna make it sound it really only has two functions, right? It flexes and extends so I can I can bend my knee and I can straighten my knee right flex and extend I can't rotate the knee joint. I can't bend it laterally I can only you know flex my knee and extend my knee But the ankle joint and the hip joint that are attached closest to the knee. They're very dynamic, right? I can rotate my ankle to a certain degree. I can definitely bend it laterally flex it and extend it my hip joint I can rotate it bend it laterally. I can flex it. I can extend it And so when those joints lack stability, they lack strength or mobility What happens is the ligaments of the knee that keep it from doing anything but flexing and extending all those ligaments that keep it from Rotating and bending laterally they have to bear the brunt of the pressure to prevent the knee from doing these things So if your ankles and your hips are off Oftentimes over time you'll start to have knee pain and you're like, whoa It's something that's wrong to make up for a lot of the stress that it needs to stabilize the knee And and it a lot of times because your your ankle and your hips are so dynamic You'll get put in a lot of different angles and your knee will tend to travel You know in one direction or the other and to try and keep it stable a lot of times It just stresses it out and then the ligaments take the brunt of the force the same principles apply for the elbow, too So if you're suffering from elbow pain a lot of people are always looking for like Exercises they can do or things that can do for the elbow itself, but many times that's related to the wrist or the shoulder So if you have poor mobility in your shoulder or your wrist or lack stability and control and either those joints The stress goes to the elbow So a lot of times you're looking at the area that's bothering you thinking that there's something wrong there But it's actually stemming from one of the other joints. Yeah, I think of it this way, right? Like if I I think of a submission to just you called a heel hook, right? So if I took your foot and I straighten your leg out and I go to twist your leg But your hip won't rotate for whatever reason your hip lacks mobility And I start twisting the ligaments of the knee are gonna have to hold tight and if I twist hard enough I'm gonna tear your knee and so this is your last line of defense it is and so this is the problem So people will squat and lunge and deadlift and do all these different exercises and their ankles and knees aren't doing I'm excuse me Their ankles and hips aren't doing what they're supposed to and over time, you know when the knee flexes and extends the knee cap Kind of tracks There's like a little groove in the in the femur and the knee cap tracks in it and things have to be in the right position Well, if it's if pressures, you know being put in one direction Things start to track wrong the joint stent it starts to get undue pressure over time that builds inflammation Then you are the doctor they image your knee and they oh you have inflammation in your knee But they're not they never address right or oftentimes they don't address the root cause which is it's because your ankles are tight Or immobile or weak or your hips are tight or immobile and weak and so this is why Oftentimes oftentimes the solution for chronic knee pain resides there and not in the actual You know doing stuff with the knee itself type of deal You know the low back is like this too a lot of times clients will have you know Say they have a bad back or their low back is always bothered And they think it's their low back where the issue is and a lot of times It's related to your your hips the inability to control and have stability in your hips and mobility in them is what is causing the low back to to be stressed a lot of times too Yeah, and think about this way right like you're like oh my knees bother me when I squat So I'm gonna put knee sleeves or knee wraps right what those are doing is they're doing the job or they're there It's like your ligaments except externally and now you've added more ligaments and support So now the knee doesn't hurt as much again not addressing the root issue Which is when you squat maybe your knee is trying it's pushing it You know laterally or there's some rotate sometimes if your feet your ankles are tight And you go down to squat there's this rotational pressure that happens because because really tight ankles when you squat down They want to turn out but if your feet are grounded that rotational pressure then gets taken on by the knee like gosh weird when I squat Heavy I have this weird pain inside my knee like there's must be something wrong on my knee It's just a little tiny like degree of change if it's off track Just that little bit like your analogy with the sliding glass door Yeah, like it did just that little like fractional inch that it's off You know it just it ruins the whole thing like the whole thing is is you know Based on the fact that it stays stable in these movements And if it's not there's lots of compensations that have to occur which stresses out You know the the entire system well It's really obvious to like when you go through maps prime pro and when and most often when someone has like a Knee issue it's it's normally on one side or the other more than the other side Right so this is where it becomes really obvious of what the issue is is when you get into and you do the 9090 test or you do the ankle mobility test in prime pro if the side that you have pain in your knee Also has issues with the in the 90 90 position and or the ankle you know This is where it's coming from that's and that's how you know you start you need to work on that It's like you know, okay I've got pain on the side when I get down in this 90 90. Oh wow I can't even get my knee on the ground or I can't lift my back heal up in that position Oh, there's obviously a stability issue and control a mobility issue in that hip That's where you need to start is addressing that and the same thing goes for the ankle Yeah, it's funny. I mean I I experienced this myself a couple few years ago. I was on vacation and I was working out in a hotel gym. This was in Mexico So it's real warm and kind of humid or whatever and the there were marble floors and as I was leaving the gym I fell down the stairs and my left foot I sat on it and kind of sleep And I thought for sure when I got to the bottom like I tore something. Yeah now when I stood up Luckily, I didn't tear anything but I did do a number on my left ankle and Since then my left ankle has always had a little bit less mobility than my right So still to this day if I squat heavy and if there's any issues with my form I feel it in my left knee. I never feel it in my left ankle But that's where it's coming from because as my left ankle is tight That's exactly what happens as I squat I know it happens to compensate my leg wants to rotate but because my foot is so grounded I get that rotational pressure in my left knee which goes to my meniscus, right? And so then I'm squatting so I'm bending the joint with this back up the kinetic chain Yes, and I'm bending the knee while I'm with weight, but the meniscus is holding tight preventing things from twisting With enough weight and reps you're gonna start to develop pain And this is the these are the causes of chronic pain Which by this is different than an acute injury, right? So if your knee here knee hurts because you just tore your knee Okay, that's different, right?  It's coming from a a dysfunction and it's usually The joints closest to the knee like in this case in this case the knee is surrounded by or connected to Very in content in the in comparison very dynamic Joints you can do a lot of things with your ankle and your hip especially your hip Your knee doesn't do those things. It just flexes and extends. So that's where you know a lot of the pain comes from Hey, if you enjoyed that clip you can find the full episode here or you can find other clips over here and be sure to subscribe