Hey, what's up folks? Welcome back to another 3D Hangout. My name is Noel Verwez. I'm a designer here at Adafruit and join me every week is my brother Pedro. Good morning everybody. I'm Pedro's creative tech here at Adafruit. And every week we're here to share 3D printed projects featuring electronics from Adafruit. That's right. This show we combine 3D printing and DIY electronics to make inspirational projects. Sneak peek of the project right here. We're gonna greet everybody in the Discord chat room. Hello and good morning. Thank you for joining us this morning. If you'd like to join us during the live show, you can go to discord.gg slash Adafruit. Join the community of many awesome folks. And hello to everybody hanging out. We have a fun packed show with lots of goodies, inspirational thingies, and maybe some tips. Just shouting out everyone in all of the chat room for hanging out on the Discord. I think you already mentioned that. Discord dot. 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Let's focus on the Adafruit products that get added to the shop on the weekly. So check that one out. And then for daily content, you can subscribe to the many individual categories such as Python microcontroller newsletter, 3D printing, biohacking, maker business, and much more. Don't forget IoT monthly from Brent Rubel. Who's doing the IoT monthly stuff. So go to AdafruitDaily.com for all of those newsletters. Give a shout to Paul Cutler for hosting the Circuit Python Show podcast. This week was a special episode with Thea Flowers. She's the synth queen who's doing lots of awesome stuff with Circuit Python and modular synths. So check out that interview by checking out your favorite podcasting service and just search for Circuit Python Show podcast. And we're back to this week's project. All right. You kind of already saw it. It's a bird. It is a bird's the word. CO2 IoT canary bird. Canary bird. Or did I say that wrong? No, you said it right. It's basically using, this is a demo for Whippersnapper. It's an Adafruit I.O. And it is demoing the reactive triggers.  So do a nice little rotation on there.  So of course this was inspired by one of those Kickstarter's. Yeah, it's called Canary I.O. That is a Kickstarter project. Very fun idea. We've seen other folks have made their own versions as well. Last week, one of our viewers actually made a really nice one. I have a feather and I think it was using I.O. Yeah. Check out that episode. If you're in the chat room, please share it again. This is a very popular visualizing way to sense CO2 levels in a room. Yeah, cool. Yeah, we've had some other ones where it uses the matrix display, but this is a very cool visual kind of designary way to showcase the air levels. Yes, this is basically a nice little designed horn, servo horn, with nice little articulating wings on there. So this attaches right on to the shaft of the servo. So if we remove this, you can see the servo popping out of there. So of course all three printed case, you have a little port opening for your CD41. You can of course use any of the many sensors that are compatible with a Whipper snapper. So we have a nice little hook on the back. And then yeah, so a snap fit lid. Oh, I'm going to have to unplug this first. And you can see how everything is all connected on the back there. Mounting plate kind of has everything in one, right? Yeah, so everything mounts to the servo. Like so we have all of the mount for the sensor. And then right on the back of the servo, we have a nice little QT Pi 32 Pico. So it wanted to demonstrate using just a straight up Pico, not the S2 or the S3. And that works perfectly here. We have nice little short headers on here. So we can modify this if we want. We continue experimenting with other sensors on here. I was using like a beam splitter and like the magnetic latch ones. So not lots of really cool ways to trigger an action. Of course, we're using the CO2 sensing on this. And yeah, nice little modular build. Everything just slips right into the case right here. Yeah, modularity is really an important feature when you're designing your enclosures. We strive on making everything as modular as possible, especially now with a part shortage. Sometimes you might need to go in and be able to rip out a part and reuse it. So in this case, you have the QT Pi, which is snap-fittable. And you used header pins. So you don't actually solder anything directly to the pins. That's a very good technique. A lot of people probably know about that, but a lot of the times I don't do that.  So for folks thinking about designing their enclosures, you definitely want to think about making it modular. We have individual mounting bits for the Stemma QT breakouts and for QT Pies. We have tutorials on how you can design your own or you can just rip them out of existing designs that you could have seen before. And that's a really good technique to kind of go and try to do that as much as you can. And for us on the kind of backstory, we do that because when we are documenting assembly photos, boy, golly, is it nice to not to rip apart tape or hot glue. Or build a whole other one. So using screws as much as possible is another thing as well. And Lamar, too, shout out to Lamar for designing the Stemma QT breakouts with this sort of standardized mounting hole size. If you want to change out the SCD-44 another sensor, chances are that your Stemma QT breakout will fit on this existing mount because the mounting holes are kind of standardized, right? Pretty cool. That's my spiel. All right, cool. Let's go ahead and jump to the dashboard or the device cage for us. Yeah, with the snapper, check it out. It is free for folks to play around with it. I think you get two devices and 10 feeds. That's plenty of feeds and devices to play around with. We have the QT-POT USB 32 Pico set up here. This is the device page. If you haven't used Whippur Snapper in a minute, this is how you can interface with all of your deaf boards that are supported for Whippur Snapper. Check out the Learn Guide if you want to add your own or read more information. But it's pretty straightforward. You install the firmware through the website with a drag and a drop. So for the 32 Pico, you cannot drag and drop. There's no USB support. Whoops. You can do that with the 32 and with the S2. That has the native USB. But on the 32, there is a little web flashing tool. It has a nice little wizard. Yeah, I don't walk you through it. Walk you through all that. So you got a new device. You want to search for your Pico. For your Pico. Not that Pico. This Pico. And then get firmware. And then that takes you to the website. Yep. So you are going to have to use a Chrome for this. But it'll. Oh, I love it. I'm on Safari. Yeah. Sorry, Safari. All right. I'll do a nice little walkthrough. It has the, I think it's the USB tool that is built right inside there. Do the flashing. It'll do your Wi-Fi credentials and your I-O key. And it's very simple to even update that as well. There's an option to, if you just want to update the credentials, you can update that on its own, without having to flash the entire board again. Yeah, approach it. Don't use Safari. That's all I got. Anywho, back to the devices. You can see it's online. We have many devices that we're playing with. It says it's online. It shows you the beta. It's up to date. It sees it updated too. It'll tell you when it's out of date. So to add a servo, click on the new button here. Scroll down down to servo. And there's a servo. Let me click X and modify the one we currently have right here. You can always modify it. It's set up to pin A0. This is default stuff. You cannot choose any of the pins here. I want the boot button. No. Just kidding. And then you can- This is all default stuff, right? Leave those alone. Right? Did you change this at all? No. It's in the actions where you do the changing. If you have multiple service sodas on here, you can change the name of that so you can identify those. It'll actually tell you that. Bird servo update component. And the bird loved it. It went geeky. A little jiggy. And then you have this built-in slider that you can always change and have access to if you want to manually trigger as we have been doing. But we have our SCD-40 set up. Let me see. Let me blow it. And the SCD-40 is taking readings every what? Minute? Two minutes? I think it's like every- You can click on it. I'll show you. Every 10 minutes here. Every minute. Every minuto. Just to speed this up. I would probably set it to like 10 minutes so you don't reach- Whoa! You've just gave it 1,121 particles in your coffee-driven breath. I guess this is super cool. So the bird has died from your breath. It just can't handle the stench. The bird just died from my breath. That's a lot of CO2. It's like plugging its nose. I like the way that you can- Different angles will give it different expressions based on where the wings are. It's covering its nose. It can cover its nose. It can cover its eyes. That's very solid. But you could do all sorts of fun stuff with this servo. Maybe you want to lift things up, drop things with a PIR sensor for example if you're doing like a Halloween thing. Yeah, lots of fun things you can do with it. But yeah, that's the addition to Whippersnapper. The ability to have servo control is pretty big. Right now it's pretty simplified, but you can do a lot with these constraints. Yeah, let's go ahead and click on the second part that is making this work. Actions. All right, I go to actions up here and then you can see my full list of actions. They're all turned on. Let's go ahead and click on one of those. Yeah, one of those. So one is to raise it or to kill the bird. And then one is to enliven the bird. Action. Okay, I didn't know that. I thought it was one action. Oh no, go to edit and you can see here that it is a reaction. Action type. On screen, yes. Yep. So your if statement is going to be, you can do the little drop down there, you can choose your board and then what sensor on there. So I like how this is labeled. Let me tell you the, if you scroll up, it'll show right there. We're using the, where is it? Where'd it go? Oh, I guess it's scrolled down. There it is, the Pico. And inside the Pico, we have all of the connections and here is the components. Components. So if this component has a value that's greater than or equal to 1000 or equal to 1000 parts per million, then we're going to post a message to the bird servo feed with this, which is the value for the servo. That's the rotation. It'll have it go all the way down. Of course, you want to test this out if you have a different shape for the horn. Yeah, you have to get your, your maximum and maximum desired angles. So that's what we're using. It's not a real angle, but the translates into that. And then you eliminate it for every 10 seconds. Yep, you can have that go higher. I just have the 10 seconds. So it'll be, you know, as immediate as we can for the demo. That's pretty much it. Notified bit. That's if you want an email or something. Yeah, you can get notified for action resets. Oh, okay. Cool. And then basically the same deal, but just reversed or a different, a different value. So instead of going down, it's going to go up instead of having, you know, the thousand that'll, if it's lower than 900, it'll end live in the bird. Cool. Very easy to set up. You just have to kind of consider the right values for the right kind of action. But that's how easy it is to set it up. There was no code required here. It's all just done through the web interface. And that's kind of the whole point here is to be able to kind of click and click around and experiment with different values to get your desired actions. Yeah. And live in this bird. Yes. And you're controlling on your machine. I'm controlling on my machine. You can control on your phone. Yeah. And it's just unlimited devices that have access to it. Just log in with your account and you can, you can talk to your bird anywhere in the world. Can I go all the way? I mean, it's, it's just what settings that you have in there. So it's the min and max that you set inside of the setting for the component. Pretty quick. The reason why it's rocking back and forth is just because of that thing in the background. But, you know, imagine this on a wall. It'll be nice and straight, nice and sturdy. Super cool. All right. Let's go ahead and jump into the guide. Do a quick little walkthrough of setting up. Oh, it's still high CO2 constant in here. Yeah. Some breathing. Yeah. So again, we link to the inspiration for that other. Yeah. Can there IO? Mm-hmm. You check out their stuff. Did they ship out yet? I think they might have shipped next month or something. Yeah. All the stuff's in stock, which is nice. Beautiful. And just a couple amount, just three components really. And then the ancillary connectors that you're going to need. Hook everything up like the Stemma QT or the Stemma cable. You make your bird alive again. I'll try to please over here. Exhale. Yeah. Could you use a different ESP? Yeah. So you can use the S2. I just wanted to test out the 32 Pico just to make sure that the flashing tool and everything worked perfectly. Right. That's cool. So that was the whole reason for that. You can, again, the S2 is a little bit cheaper. So. Depending on what you want, right? Mm-hmm. Okay. And then, yeah, moving on to, I guess, assembly. Okay. I need a couple of screws there. I'll list them all there. Here is a circuited diagram for this. I don't know why the image did not load. Oh. Oh. You see a flash? Oh, there it is. It's super simple. Yeah, that's great. The Stemma QT just has a cable plugs into one end and to the other end. You can daisy chain them. Beautiful. Very nice. This is a mirrored image, a mirrored page from the Whippersnapper. Oh, just how to set up your board. How to set up the board. How to add the components. And then this is showing you how to do the reactive actions. Right, so this is just kind of referencing, like, all right. Pretty much what we already went through. So to just show you, walk through there, how to test your positioning and all that. And then for the printing, quite a bit of parts. Looks pretty simple, but you have, like, the case, the lid. Yeah, it's long, but it's just great. All of the different parts that hold all the components together. And then the hinginess of the bird. The only thing here. Oh, no. It's an assembly. Your favorite shade of black for your bird. We went with... This is actually the glow-in-the-dark stuff right here. The green. It's because it was already loaded. And then, yeah, the galaxy black for the bird. Nice little crow. Are there any special tips on the printing? No, just the port material, I guess, for the... For the servo bit? For the servo bit. Yep, because of the weight of the mounts. It rises that way, so it's not interfering with the servo horn. I'll, like, lift the sensor out of the way. And then the case, the two port holes, just need supports for that. Although it could... The overhang could be pretty good, yeah. It catches, nice. Okay, cool. And pretty standard settings for that. Inside of the assembly, we're using that cutie pie mount that you made. I just modified a little shape of that. Staps right in. If you hover over it, you just want to make sure that the USB side is facing the smaller section of the corner. You can see, like, the top section where the stem port is a little bit longer than the bottom. Yeah, yeah, just reference photo. Yep. And then you got a bracket for your stem of your T. Yep. And we're just using M25s for most of the build. The only thing that requires the M3 screws are the sensors, for whatever reason. Mm-hmm. Moving on, the servo press fits in. Just to line it up to that little cutout that is along the side of the servo mount. Only goes in one way, or? Yep, only goes in one way. Okay. Then connect the things. Yep, add some headers. If you want to make a modular, just connect it, or solder straight to the pins if you want. That'll actually make it a little bit smaller, but you won't have the modularity. Okay. And then we're using our own M2 by 12 millimeter long screws to attach the lid to the servo horn, or the servo body housing. And then just align your sensor to the cutout on the case. That's pretty much it. You can attach the wall mount to the back of that. Another set of M25 by 8 millimeter long screws. Connect that. And then the assembly of the wing. You just want to lay the bird body on top of the wing that has a little nub on it. And then you can heat up the tip. You can use a lighter or a soldering iron. And then use a flat spatula to create a little rivet. And that's pretty much it. That will create your little wing. I've never created a rivet with this, but I've seen you've done it a few times now. A couple times now. Yeah, it's a great kind of permanent way to adhere these things. And if you get a mistake or something, you can just chop off that tip. And then you can reheat that. And then try again. And that is pretty much it. Yeah, it's a good tip. A little CO2 IoT canary. Attach a bird. Attach a bird. Bird complete. That's great. Very fine. Super cool. Useful. Your bird's still down for the count.  There it is, just for the demo. Names Maggie. Naughty bed. And that is this project. Cool. Shout out to everybody on Discord. Andy Callaway says, why is a canary not yellow? Yeah, we did make it yellow, but we were told to make it black. We were, yeah. We didn't want to make it exactly like canary IO, so we had to change the color of the bird. That's why. Mm-hmm. Was the curved wires and fritzing? Yes, that's fritzing. You can download. Actually, no, we don't make the fritzing the files available, right? They're not public. No, they're internally available. I don't think there's way to, yeah, the resources page. Mm-hmm, it's a hidden page. You can go to this link here to download the fritzing package. This is where I grabbed all the object files from. You can go to the, go ahead and paste this in, or maybe I'll paste it in. I think I have a fritzing library. Masterparts. It's a lot like our GitHub parts. Here it is. I got it. You got it? All right. So here is all of the Adafruit fritzing objects that you can use. Batteries, connectors, breakouts, alligator clips, new pixels, strips. All of the objects. Lots of stuff. You can come in here and just download them individually or spend a little bit of time and download the entire library, which has hundreds of objects that are ready to go with the fritzing software. And that's a tip. The other fun crystal ones. Very bird. Colmine canary got dirty. Yep, that's the excuse I'm coming with. Great comment. Like this bird has seen things. And then it used to be yellow. So then Tayyik is saying, we need to design a wire marking contraption. So you can unspool wire, pull it through, set contraption, it makes markings. It would be so often to make a tonal wiring, maybe like a wiring equivalent. Oh, I think what you mean? Like how people like mark their filament so it like comes out of different colors. Oh, okay. Take a look. Oh, and Liz says that the product guides also have the fritzing part listed on the downloads page. Yeah, they do. And shout out to Liz for doing up all the fritzing objects as recent. It's become one of her many tasks that she has bloomed into full Adafruit mode. We keep killing this bird, they're like talking. I mean, that's what happens when... That was one of the first uses when... Aren't you talking too much? The pandemic hammock happened. Seeing the CO2 levels in the room, so if they got too high, you would know there was too many people in there. Why do I have a headache? Maybe you're breathing too much of your own breath. All right, well, that's this week's project. Please check out Whippersnapper. Try with a different piece of hardware. It'd be cool to see other folks do some of their own boards. There's some learned guides on that too. Yeah, Whippersnapper is not just for Adafruit stuff. I think that's important to do it. You can add your own boards. There is a whole guide on adding them in the learning system. Cool, all right. We're at the half hour mark. We have lots of other stuff to talk about. So that's this project. What are you doing, Shop Talk? Or what are you prototyping? I think prototyping, yeah. We have some noodles, some LED noodles. Um, this is something I'm working on. You good there, Kudrun? Delicat. Hello, look at this. All right, we have six Adafruit noodles. And I was going to do a 3D printed sign holder. Golly, that's super bright. It's never going to look good on this camera.  Let me see. Or on this camera. That's a way to... It's too bright. Not on this one, huh? Just turn it off. We're blinding everyone. All right, LED noodles. So I was originally going to make a sign. So I started off with this shape here. It's kind of this cool curvy shape. And then I figured, let me make it sort of like a lantern. So I affixed all of these to a couple different mounting plates that I designed. And then I wanted to light them all up. So we got one of each color. And I think this would look better in my opinion if it was just one of the same color. But I have one of each color. So wiring these up, you want to have a resistor. So this is a 220 ohm resistor. And I have here a little piece of Permaproto. And I just chopped it off so it's only the power and ground rails. So you can see in my wiring, there's a lot of wires, six each. And then I got this little 2.1 DC jack. A barrel jack. And these are really cool cables. So it's got USB on one end and then the barrel jack on the other end. So it connects like this. And in order to power one of these, you need three volts. So I have six of them. So three times six, you got 12 volts. This guy has a switch on here that lets you switch between nine volts and 12 volts off of any five volt battery bank like this guy here. So plug that in. And there's the little, it even has a display here. A little alpha display. And you can switch between nine and 12 volts. So you can see it's getting brighter and not as bright. Let me see if I can play with Camo Studio. Because you got to see the way the design looks on there with it glowing. Yeah, I did it. So this is what it looks like in real life ease. You can kind of discern the LEDs, but the colors look really nice. And from a distance, they look as soft and diffused as the ones in the background. Those are neopixels, but these are not neopixels. They're the noodles. And here you can see I designed it in a way where I would have a little bit of excess because I didn't want to, you know, fully, I wanted to have flexibility. And these are very flexible. The way these are adhered to the 3D printed holder, you just press fit them in. And because they're silicone sheathing diffusers or silicone, they have a nice grip. And they just press fit and stay press fitted in there. So that'd be neat to create this kind of hexagonal lantern. And yeah, it all just kind of screws together and they all fit like that. These are all the colors by golly. This thing hot. This thing right here gets really, really hot folks. Be very careful with that. Yeah, I burnt myself. It's hot. It's okay though. So we have red, we have pink, we have blue. That's a green. That's a warm yellow. And then back to blue. Did I get two blues? I guess I got two blues. I don't remember because you ordered them. But anywho, that's my experiment with the LED nudes. Nude dolls. I think for next week we can come up with something. Should I spoil the surprise idea with the acrylic? The acrylic. Oh yeah, that'll be nice. So I wanted to use this center core and then I made this kind of cage that will house some acrylic panels. And the acrylic panels themselves will have the two-way mirror so that we can create an infinity mirror effect. So imagine this as an infinity mirror. An infinity lantern. Not an original idea. I've seen some of them before but I thought it'd be cool to turn this thing into like an actual lantern. Kind of futuristic. It's kind of small, kind of big. It's going to have some snap fit bits. This is a three printed place handle. And I think that'll be kind of neat. It won't be battery powered because maybe it will. I don't know. I'll need like a buck converter or something. But yeah, that's the idea. This is to make an infinity mirror lantern with these LED noodles. Obviously I got inspired by the Edison bulb style lamps. So I'm trying to come up with some other ideas. So that is what we're prototyping. Some LED noodle projects. Noodles. Noodles and noodles. Super cool. Can we have a look at the acrylic? Just got here. Yeah, I got to cut the acrylic. And up here is to see what the effect will be like with the reflections. Well, I'm just amazed by the Stargate. Oh yeah. The Stargate gift is really cool. And that's like in the 80s, you know. The effects look so good in the 80s. See, unfortunately they are out of stock. Yeah, all the noodles are out of stock. Thank you everybody for buying them. But I can't even make projects with them. I had to use all my noodles. I used up all my noodles. That's funny. All right, cool. Quick little question here from Zarenlin in Discord. Asking is ABS more flexible than PLA? You're trying to build an eight foot robot? Having issues with printed parts not fitting? Oh yeah, ABS has a lot of warpage. I haven't printed ABS in maybe eight years, to be honest folks. Yeah. I would recommend PETG because it's less odorous. Way less odorous. I think it's less toxic. More flexible than PLA. You just have to print it hotter. Like 220, 230 type deal. Maybe 240, I forget. Check your filament settings. But yeah, PETG is great for stuff that needs to be a little bit more flexible and with stain some of the heat. Like PLA will have a lower melting point and PETG has a higher melting point. So that's why you have to print it hotter. But yeah, give PETG a try. I'm sure other folks would agree to recommend PETG. Other folks had just recommended that. Darth Paul has said PETG, also more flexible, easier to print. Yeah. Yes. Oh gosh, this is so much easier to print than ABS. ABS is a- You need an enclosure. You need- It's a beast. Like ventilation because it stinks. It's very toxic. Our bird friend would probably not like the ABS. And that's what we're proto-tapping. Oh wait. Yeah, we'll save the other stuff as we hear whatever we- All right, cool. Let's go ahead and jump into the next segment. Shop, shop, shop, talk. Yeah, PETG's got a new iPhone. Yeah. And with that, he made a Ninja Flex case. Ninja Flex is a lovely filament that's flexible but also a challenge to print. So it prints it slower and hotter. Yeah, so new iPhone. Some of the components got moved around so I had to edit the previous- Is it a lot? The lady moved around a lot. The power button, the volume, and the- Of course the camera, they got slide- Like diagonally, it went down a little bit and larger. So updated that just a couple tweaks in the Fusion file. I should put that up as well but I'm just using the iPhone 13 one. Instead of making it like last year, I think I had one for the Pro, the Max, the Mini, and then a PLA version, a Ninja Flex version, one with like the verno on the back, one without the verno on the back. This was the 90s Macintosh. God, I had to perform out of it. 63, 62. Why did I make so many? That was such- Ah. Anyway, one design. Yeah, so Ninja Flex only. Sorry, it feels the most comfortable like all of the corners. It's squishy. I had the cut out here as standard now instead of not. So you can have your MagSafe batteries or your PopSockets easily go on there. I have recently grown to love PopSockets. I got one too. These are really cool. They're not 3D printed because like, why? I mean the case, why not just buy a case, Peter? Why did you 3D print it? Um, because I was able to print this faster than the phone shipped. Yeah, that's true. So, plus you have a ton of this, it's kind of exclusive, limited edition Ninja Flex. And they don't make this anymore. Oh yeah, they don't make any greens. I think they still make pink. We don't wear our downer. I'm scared to use my purple because they don't make purple anymore. So yeah, you have nice spacing for the screen. So that, that doesn't get, you know, I'll scratch it up. So you have a nice elevation for that. And then the camera bump as well. The little framing around it is higher than what the lens is. So you can lay down and it's on. I'm gonna scratch in because it's the 85A TPE Ninja Flex. It is grippy. Hey, it's purple. Oh, I know. You can barely tell. It only looks purple sometimes. At certain angles. There it is. It's black. It's gray. Oh, it's purple again. But yeah, Ninja Flex, it'll work on TPE and TPU. So the 95A and the 85A will not work with TLA. So I don't try it. It's going to be way too tight to get in there. They're still going to try to do it. Every year they do. Like, why doesn't this work? And right there in the titles is Ninja Flex. Yeah, Ninja Flex only. Not any other. Any support material required? Yes. Extensive supports to do all the overhangs. Yeah. So this entire thing gets covered in supports. Well, it's really easy to remove. Yeah, look how good it comes out. Because Ninja Flexes can be cut very nicely. Mm-hmm. Folks in the quality of this. Flush nibs. This is the gray. They do still have this color. And it's got, like, some glitter speckles in there. Okay. Looks really nice. And it's just plain. Well, those are short. Wow, goodness, again. This is 85A. Do you think this will work with Cheetah? Yeah, this will work with Cheetah. Okay, cool. Cheetah's easier to print. Mm-hmm. It's not going to have that, like, it's not going to make it look smaller. Yeah, it's not going to be grippy. Yeah, so this, like, stretches. It has, like, this gooey type feeling on all the buttons. Yeah, it feels really nice. Very soft. It does grip to your clothes. So when you put it in your pocket, it is going to grip the, yeah, Cheetah will slide right in. Yeah, this stuff is great for bumpers and things. Mm-hmm. Oh, yeah, I've already dropped it. And it's right on the corner. It protects it really good. And, yeah, that is anytime there's a new iPhone, you can guarantee. So something, Evers. I have to make. This is for work. Like, I have to make one of the other couple years. Every Halloween, we have to do, like, a gross, what's the name of it? Cronenberg, inspired project. Meaning, like, making guts or something at a ninja flex or some sort of gore, horror thing. PT's idea for this one is he saw an inspiration of, I don't know what the heck it was, some horror gallery thing where the lady has her phone and there's, like, an ear on it. So while she's talking. So it looks very natural, like, her ear is sticking out. Uh-huh. So that'll be a project I have to work on next for Halloween-type stuff. So just make sure I had the buttons and the case all fitting and that three-printed ear is going right on top of there for, I guess it could be an ear pop socket. An ear pop socket. Hello. Great. Maybe that's what I should do instead of modeling the whole phone. Just have, well, no, because it has the skin, like, color. We do have that. And, uh, oh. Perfect opportunity to give a shout out to, is it Colorfab? Who just released a couple of skin tones for there. Ninja Fleck. Yeah, it's very nice. They're flexible filament. Got to stop calling Ninja Fleck. So that's Ninja Tech 3D. They stopped offering those skin colors, which were originally for, like, prosthetics and things. That's what Colorfab is advertising these as. So it is, like, the 85A. And they have a couple of different skin tones. So I will be utilizing their Carmel color. Oh, right. And that's, uh, we're prototyping. Yeah. Or actually, no, Shop Talk. It's available. Well, it's out. You can get the Thingiverse file there. It's on the Eaterford account. Good jobs. Good photos. No, there's Shop Talk with all of the environmental sensing and all that. I've been doing a bunch of those really cool aeroid plants. I want to make sure they are nice and happy. Saw this in the Slack chatter. Liz posted up some Pileep conversions that she's doing for a really cool project. I don't know how this slipped through a lot of the guide releases. It just slipped through. Yeah. I mean, I didn't notice that. That would have been all over this. This is so freaking cool. So I've been wanting one of these for a while. And I'm trying to get to it. I don't want to show it just sitting there stuttering. So this is a clue. Oh, right. This is the Eaterford clue. Start there. And we have some Circa Python code that lets you visually plot data from all the sensors.  There's so many. And we love things like the Circa playground, but those dev boards don't have a built-in screen. And this one does. And all the sensors, you can switch between the different readings. A lot of them, yeah. So here's the color sensor, the proximity sensor that's built in, the accelerometer, humidity and temperature as well. That's important for me. So instead of logging data and all this, it's just locally on the device showing you the readings. So think about like a tricorder. What's it called, the tricorder from Star Trek? Something like that. So it's like a miniaturized tricorder. So humidity, colors, proximity. So the buttons just switch between them. Pressure, again, back to humidity. And you have like some several different styles. So you can have like dots and like you can have the chart wrap around or you can focus in on certain areas. Shout out to Kevin Walters for publishing the guide, the Clue Sensor Plotter in CircuitPython. Let me drop that link. Yeah, we made it. The case is also available to download. Yeah, so this is from the bike project we did with Eva. Do you type in bike project? That's not gonna work, right? Yeah, type in bike. Scroll down there, dude. Where'd it go? Not sure. This guy. That's how it's like, you just type in bike, you have like 50 bike projects. Yeah, you're right. You're not gonna find it that way. I think it's piloton. Oh gosh, weird name. I know because it's riffing off of the now. I think they like laid everyone off of it. I literally typed in bike. There's no bike. Ah, cycling. Yeah. Put it on it. Was this JP project or was this? Oh yeah, I think he started it. Yeah, Eva. Many hands. Oh yeah, you know how it goes. All hands on the piloton. Anywho, that's where you can get this case. And I guess you can make a project too if you want to plot some of. What is this doing? It's doing MP3s and plotting. Yeah, you're controlling your iOS device. You can do the. Oh, that's right. This is a Bluetooth project. It actually connects to a. A legit Bluetooth. Cycle tracker thing. Yeah. Anyway, you can use the case for anything. Didn't least use it for. I think a wearable. Yeah, yeah. The step counter is another cool clue project. But anywho, let me go back to where we were here. So check out the code. It's an apple for a circle file. And or do we know? Yeah, so I think it was like a year or two ago. We made one with the with the TFT feather. And I wanted something small like that. I could show real time. You know, readings of humidity and temperature, things like that. Yeah. And this is way better because it's all just built in. And just like a call back to what this circuit actually looks like. See on the inside here. There's so many sensors. That's a lot of space in there. Oh, yeah. Well, it's for the battery and then snacks. Yeah, you could make this a little bit smaller. It was because of the quarter 20 adapter for the bicycle. The handlebars. Yeah. All snap fit. Just snaps like that. As a reset button. Look at that reset back there. It's like a path on so code is accessible anywhere. I was going to keep trying to get to this was drag and drop. And there was no code. I had to write or anything. Try to drop the code with the project bundler. And I think this is one of the versions that she's going to do. So it'll work inside of PyLeap. So you just transfer that with your mobile device. Yeah, a lot of libraries. Yeah. There's all the code. Super freaking cool. So I have this in my pocket now. I should probably just wear it. So surprised at the new Apple Watches. They don't have no humidity sensors, right? Code for days. Yeah. It gives you an LED sensor too or something. The light's going off. Yeah. The light. So yeah, just wanted to shout this out. Excellent project. Something I'm going to be using every single day now to make sure that all of my environmental humidity and all that is set perfectly. So we're cool. Shout out. I don't know what you could do with these pads. But I'm probably just close it off since it's not being utilized right now. In the bike project, it was like for pause, play, skip. Let's control your audio too. Which is super cool. And so small. So tiny. Oh. Check out the clue. It's in stock. It's in stock. Ah, amazing. Yeah.  So much. It's hard to make a $20 dev board. If you click on Kevin's name, you can see all the other stuff. He made like a magnetometer. So you can make like a metal detector type stuff. So it's so many freaking. Oh man, that's amazing. Yeah. Shout out to Kevin. So many uses for this little clue board. All right. Yep. This is why I love my job. This is so freaking cool. Cool, cool. All right. Next up. That's the shop talk. I guess you're ready for this week's Time Lapse. Community makes Tuesday. Yay, this week. Can we play the video? This week is. This is for Chloe. Pressive glow-in-the-dark filament. You're going to have to give us a link because. I'm going to have to grab it. So Potion of Time by airsrendy3d. They posted this up on Thiniverse. It's a free download. So in staying with the skull theme that's been going on past two months now I think. This is a skull potion of time. It's so bright. It's so glowy. Two different colors of glow-in-the-dark. Like a blue and a green. Like a blue-green. And it has skulls on it. It's so beautiful. I didn't know it had skulls. Yeah, they're all over it. Look at this. Let me turn off that black late. You can kind of see the skulls on there. The little lid pops out. I don't think you can actually fill it with anything because of the holes all over. But maybe it makes a cool planter for like cuttings or something. I'm pretty sure I was supposed to glue this part on but I didn't get around to it. But it just goes over top. I thought it went on top. It's a crown. I thought it was like a crown. But this is a super cool little prop. That glowy prop you can have for your Halloween decorations. Yeah, yeah. And it can't go wrong with the glowy. So cool. I should have grabbed the link for the filament. But it's a... Oh wow. I just realized maybe not. I was going to say these are rumid numerals. One, two, three, four, five, six, and then seven. Oh wow. I did not notice. Eight, nine, ten. They're even up here. So shout out to Thingiverse user Ari's Morendi3D. Posted this up. Look, I'm going to detail their details. It's quite impressive. Way more detailed than I think was able to resolve. Oh dude, I forgot to print this little hinge thing. Yeah, that's cool too. Let's print this out. A lot of pieces. Super easy print. It's called Potion of Time. From Graphic Films. Trademark. Is this from a game or something? Maybe. Crap, I should have looked more into it. I just was impressed. Oh, it's a dice roller? Is that what that is? Oh, there you go. It's a dice roller. Whoops. Let's read it. I didn't even read it. A dice bottle that features small see-through windows and a printed place movable part. 100% support free. The bottle and clock hands are two separate parts designed to be printed in place. So they interlock together, making the clock hands rotatable. Did you know that? It's supposed to rotate the clock. Wait, what? It's supposed to rotate. Oh, that's what this is. That's what tells you the seconds and then it's or something. I mean, that makes sense. Next time read it, Mike. Man, I'm like trying to print the potion of time as a community community chosen and part of the mythic potions Kickstarter. The idea was suggested by Timothy Lootman, who you definitely should check out. His Instagram is gorgeous models that he prints, paints, and even designs himself. Everything of doom, which the small skulls of the potion bottle is a reference to. Very cool. So check it out. It's free download. If you're into it, give it a print. Fantastic, modern. Yeah, cool. And that's this week's Time Lapse Tuesday. And I just posted links to the filaments we use, mostly because I'm so happy with it when you can't tell where, you know, usually with the Time Lapse, you can see like the ugly side on it because of where the print head stops, moves over, getting out of the way for the camera to take a photo. How good this looks. A little bit bigger. Really, really cool. Although this is a pretty nice size. It is, but like to resolve that resolution, I would print it. Ah, yeah, I see what you mean. Yeah, see the skulls. Oh, these are hourglasses. Yeah, the more you look at it, the more things. I know, that's so cool. It's like a Disney, right? Yeah, thanks, Darth Paul. Yep, the base is the clock hands. The numbers are on the bottle. Yeah, I guess it's supposed to snap in and rotate, but the my tolerances are off. So I can't really push that in there. Anywho, I was just gonna super glue it. Good thing I didn't. Yeah, I like it like that. They're very fantastic. Give it a shot. I posted the blue and the green. I did try the rainbow one that is also suggested in that same Amazon listing, but it is not as great as these two. Check out this cool gift here. That is super cool. Is that real? Looks like uranium in a glass. Yeah, that's, oh, is that bad? That's probably bad. Oh, maybe. Uranium? Like, no way. Oh, no, that's bad. All right, moving on with the community makes. We got one this week by Thinkiverse user flip, flip, flip, flip. Paint, Panini the cat, posted up their remix of our D20 project. Made it into a gavel. That's cool. Order, say 20 spaces. Yeah, this is great for Dungeons & Dragons and great make, great remix. But Panini the cat wasn't done with just one D20 remix. They had to do two D20 remakes. This is a D20 wand. So they put all the D20s together in this wand. That's kind of funny. A D21 to go with the D20 gavel.  Isn't that cool? I mean, there's so many D20s. I want to print this. That they would use our D20 model when they can choose any D20 model. Huh, well, there's the next week. Phil B. Paystankley and I worked on make sure each letter was correct. It's a letter, sorry, each number. I'm such a nuke. But anyway, shout out to Panini the cat for posting up those two makes. Very cool to see them remixed. Moving right along, we have another make. This was posted up on printables.com. This is Unicorn Horn by Francis. Francis posted up their Unicorn Horn. Printed in gold says it prints perfectly. Thanks for sharing. Nice. Look at this lovely pet. Oh, this is like a, I have many versions of the Unicorn Horn. This is the one that prints fine with regular PLA. And it has these sew tabs so that you can sew it to garments. So how do you say it? Head gear, garments, bands. Lots of makes on our lovely Unicorn Horns. Moving on. Oh, this was posted, I said Francis. Yes, Francis made that. Next up, this is super cool. Posted up again on printables.com. This is by Grumpy Scrambler. Grumpy Scrambler says, great, just what I was looking for. I put the Jack-O-Lantern Pumpkin from Bird Bot. Thing of a verse. So this is cool. We did this talking pumpkin with lights and sounds. This is a store-bought pumpkin that had a kind of a thing on the bottom that let you basically remade the bottom so that it can house the whole circuit playground blue fruit. And then with the Stemis speaker, I have it so that when you shake the pumpkin, it would play different sound effects. And then using the blue fruit app, you can trigger the different sound effects as well with the blue fruit app using those buttons. So each sound effect would have a different color animation since it has neopixas built in. Relatively simple circuit. And Grumpy Scrambler posted up all these photos of their build. They took this very detailed, very creepy pumpkin from Bird Bot and they linked to Bird Bot's design of the pumpkin. Check it out, Peter. The pumpkin. Hey, we have this pumpkin. Do we? Mm-hmm. Well, it fits perfectly. They modified it so that it fits our parts. You know what? I time-lapse this. Really nice snap fit thing. Like three years ago, and it's time to pull it out. I'd never got to it. It works perfectly. I will just modify it. I think you can just like screw it right into the bottom and it like fit perfectly. That's cool. So anyway, shout out to Grumpy Scrambler for posting up their make of a project that I don't think many people made. Very cool though. You can scale it up, you know, put it in whatever prop. It's a really easy way and it's all done in CircuitPython too. So check that out if you want to make a talking pumpkin. All right. Second to the last, another make. This time on Thingiverse. By Thingiverse user master QFAFA5, they posted up their make of the Kingdom Hearts Keyblade. Hey. Very nice. Hey. They have the Thor Hammer too. I can't say the name. Very cool. Do you say the Thor Hammer name? Mew Mewer. Mew Mewer? Mew Mew. Mew Mewer. I said it looks like your name. Mew Mew. Is that Mew Mew? This is a Keyblade. Easier to say. It's, they said, my make of the KH Keyblade, all parts are printed on my Ender 3 except for the gold handle guard, which had to be printed on the CR-10 due to size. See miscellaneous notes for the bottom for my struggles and build suggestions. Shall I talk about the struggles? Basically, they said that it was hard to screw them and have them all match. Yeah, that's a bit of the tolerance issues. Yeah. But anyway. Very cool make. Shout out to MasterQ55 for posting it up. And the last make to close off the show, we have five minutes left, is the Bump Principles posted up by, oh grumpy scrambler again. This time it's this LED Skull Lantern. So, Peter, you remember this project, because I think you did this one. This is a remix of a design from MakerBot. Oh yeah. Do you remember MakerBot? They used to. They're old team maker now. They used to employ designers and they would make very cool things to go up on Thingiverse. This was like 2012, so many years ago. But we remixed it so that it had some channels, I guess, for these LEDs. Put some LEDs in them. So you have LEDs at the top in the eyes as well. And I don't know if this is still up there on Thingiverse, but you have it here in all the parts. And grumpy scrambler posted their make up, their make of it. There it is. And they did a fantastic job. Wow, look at that weathering. Look at that weathering.  Yeah, that fake roach and some bats. Batwing thing. Very cool. Yeah, it looks fantastic. No comments on it, but all you need is a photo. This is very cool. Very cool grumpy scrambler. And I didn't even know we'd posted this up. But it must have been over the transfer when we used the transfer files from Thingiverse. This is great in case like... I don't think it'll go down now. What, Thingiverse? You don't think it'll go down? They just... The merger with Ultimaker is complete. They're good. Oh, they completed that, man. They're set for life. They're all cashed out. Nobody's running the site anymore. Sorry. No, it just means that the... Hopefully the ads are generating enough funds to keep servers going. Keep the servers going. All right, I think that's it for the community makes. Yeah, we'll go over the other stuff next week. Yeah, thank you, everybody. Look at this post from... Yeah, there is a huge thread on the uranium liquid that we were seeing earlier. Oh, really? Very bad. Too long to read. It doesn't glow on its own. It needs UV light. The uranium glass is not radioactive. Reasonably safe. But check it if it's old. And then some photos are found. Chew on it. Nice. Don't chew on it. Yanni's saying there's some liquid glowing instructions available. This is super cool. Yanni wins for best gifts. All right. That's gonna do it for the show. Do we talk... Oh. I guess I forgot. We don't really have anything to show for it though. The CAD parts on repo... The 803CAD parts on GitHub. You need to make a banner for it so they remember to take a segment. No new updates this week, but I'm seeing some new parts requests. So I'm gonna try to get to those this week. Shout out to folks that have been checking out the repo and... You know, contributing it in whatever way, whether it's a part request or actually adding parts or reporting an issue, it's all good. Appreciate folks checking it out. And it's reached 700 stars. Look at that. And almost 200 forks. Very, very cool to see it grow. We'll have to water some more. Yeah. All right. Tonight is the show and tell and ask an engineer. We invite you to come on and share what you're working on, product ideas, retro tech, all that is fair. And you can join the Discord server and we'll drop the link to the stream yard live stream when it goes up about five or 10 minutes before the show. And then at 8 p.m. each time is asking an engineer with Lamar Lady Eda and Mr. Lady Eda, Phil Theron, where you can get all the open source news, coupon codes, new products. Anything else? All the... The Great Church? No, INMPI. INMPI. There's so many segments in this show I can't name them all. And I'm running out of time. So I need to keep going. And then Thursday is John Park's workshop. Every Thursday at 4 p.m. Eastern Time. Shout out to JP for doing it up. And then on Fridays is a deep dive with Tim, foamy guy every 2 p.m. Pacific Time or 5 p.m. Eastern Time. On Sundays is a live stream with Lady Eda called from the desk of Lady Eda where she is at her desk. Stream live. Mondays are the CircuitPython meetings. Well, weekly gatherings. Every Monday at 2 p.m. Eastern Time. You can join in or listen in live during the show. It's on Discord. What happens Tuesday is product pick of the week which AP, up to 50% off, select goodies every Tuesday at 4 p.m. Eastern Time. And then the show. Every Wednesday at 11 a.m. Eastern Time. Yeah, celebrating nine years. Was that last week? No, that was last week. Yeah, last week. No, I still have it there. We're reaching our 300th episode. Really? I thought we were already there. Oh, our 400th. That was good. I'm looking for the link. This is episode number 378. You believe we've done 378 of these? And we just got Facebook working after 300 episodes. No, I don't know. I grew up like a month or two. Yeah. All right, cool. I think that's it. Who thinks so? Thank you. We'll see you tonight. We'll see you tonight. We'll be joining out. If you have a show to tell. We're not hosting but we'll be there to share. Maybe we are, I don't know. Things can change. Yeah. Things can change. All right, cool. So with all that, make sure to keep positive, make a great day, and we'll see you tonight. Bye, everybody. Bye-bye.


So these platforms that they're censoring things, they're only censoring things that they disagree with, right? Or their centralized masters disagree with, right? They're not censoring to do anything other than social engineer, right? Because what I think is, Horan, this is people sprouting hateful rhetoric concerning other people. Is it horrendous? Yes, right? Should we censor it? Absolutely not, okay? There are many horrendous things in our societies. Should we be censoring all of them? No, should we censoring any of them? Well, if they're hurting other people, aside from like someone being offended is not the justification to censor their free speech, right? It absolutely is not, right? So horrendous things, you can outlaw them in terms of if they hurt other people. There are many horrendous things that are criminal. You get thrown in jail for them, right? Driving drunk is a horrendous thing. There's laws against it, right? We don't need censorship. It doesn't make sense, right? It doesn't work. On that front, if you say, okay, drunk driving is horrendous. There's laws against it. You can throw people in jail. And then someone writes a book about a character that drinks and drives. Censorship would be banning the book because we're not allowed to talk about people driving drunk, right? The right course of action is criminalize it, criminalize the behavior of driving drunk, not the discussion of people driving drunk, right? So there's a serious distinction between these two things. People think that anything they disagree with is horrendous, should be censored. That is a fallacy. Nature is brutal. You can't censor brutality. It doesn't work. It's part of its ingrained nature, right?


Hey, we're backstage. Stay with me. We're here at the Pearl Theater at the Palms. My name's Cody Askins. I'm the founder of 8% Nation. 2020 will be our third year and we're coming to the Palms in Vegas July 24th and 25th at the Pearl Theater. As you can start to see it behind me with 2,000 agents coming for our third annual event conference. We got some big speakers the very first year. We had it in Nashville, Grant Cardone, Hall of Fame linebacker Ray Lewis. Second year was in Dallas at the Statler five-star hotel ran out the whole thing. Michael, everyone's a speaker. This year we got some other big names including Mr. Jordan Belfort, the Wolf of Wall Street. You don't wanna miss this event. This is the, if you're in the insurance industry this is the must attend event.  It's the number one industry event of the year and it will be for several years to come. It's only growing. It's only getting better. We're upping the experience. We're doing private dinners with the Wolf. We're doing VIP parties where maybe the roof will unfold. I don't know if you have your ticket yet but all I can say is you do and I wanna miss this thing. 2,000 agents in here. Can you imagine the energy, the motivation, the excitement?  So do me a favor. Click the link below right now. Grab your seat because you know you wanna be here in July 2020 in Vegas for the third annual Capricent Nation 2020. See you there.


So let's start. I guess all of you are familiar with the Trezang salesman problem. So we are given a list of cities and the distances between them. And our aim is to find a closed route that visits each city exactly once with the minimum cost. Now we have something more. We have Trezang salesman problem with time in those. And this time we also have some time in those for each city. And this means that you need to visit each city within this time in those. That is determined. And this problem has also practical applications. As you see here, for instance, vehicle routing, this is vehicle routing problem with time in those. And here you have more than one vehicle traveling through the cities that again you have to obey this time in those constraint. Let me demonstrate this through an example. Here we are given a graph with four nodes. And on the right hand side, you see the early start time and late start time for each city. So this is a time in those. And this route you see right now, which starts at zero goes to three, sorry, zero, three, one, two. It has cost of five. Now let's trace this. At time equals zero, we are at node zero. Then at time equals two, we are at node three. And then if you check node two, sorry, if you check node three, the early start time is four. This means you need to wait. So we wait until t equals four. And then at time equals five, we are at node one. But now let's check the late start time for node one. So it is four, but not t is five. So this thing is this route is not a feasible one. Now let's check another route. I don't know why it is transitioning so fast, but okay. Now let's check this route. This has cost six. We will start from, again, zero, one, three, two. So at t equals zero, we are again at zero. Now at t equals three, we are at node one. Let's check. We are within the time in the frame. Now we go to node three. It's t equals four. And this is still okay. We go to node two. Now early start time is 12. So we need to wait. But that's fine. We can wait. And we arrive to node zero at t equals 13. For node zero, we don't assume an early start or late start time. And so this is a feasible route. Let me mention one more thing. Here our aim is to minimize the total cost. In this case, it was six. It's not to minimize the total time. This is another problem called makespan problem. It's closely related, but it's a different problem. And in this work, our aim is to provide unconstrained binary problem formulation for this problem, so that you can solve it using, for instance, quantum algorithm like quantum annealing on d-bay. And let me also mention that this problem is MP hard, like TSB. So you have seen this since Monday. I won't go into details again. But our aim is to come up with an ising model for the problem, so that we can use d-bay and quantum annealing to solve the problem on d-bay machines. So for this, as I mentioned, we need to come up with ising model, which uses spin variables, which are minus one or one. But often it is more convenient to work with binary variables instead. And this leads us to Cuba formulation. Here, xis are binary variables. They are either zeros or ones. And qid's are some real coefficients. This is quadratic in the sense that we have at most quadratic terms. So we don't have terms like xi, xj, xk. And it's unconstrained in the sense that we are minimizing some function, but we don't have any constraints. And once you can express your problem in this form, it's really easy to obtain the equivalent ising model through this transformation. And then you are done. You can use quantum annealing to find the solution to your problem. Now, to formulate the Cuba formulation for TSB with time in those, we need to consider three things. First of all, we need to have a route that visits each city exactly once. And secondly, this route should obey the timing of constraints. And thirdly, we need to minimize the total cost of the route. The state of art before our work was due to Papalistas. They had a Cuba formulation, but the problem was in their formulation, it was possible to obtain solution which consisted of subtours. But we need a closed single tour. Furthermore, they had an assumption that early start time is equal to zero for all cities. And they did not allow any waiting times. So what we did was we came up with three different formulations. They are different in their nature, as I will explain now. Sorry. In the first one, the main binary variables are of the form X, U, V, I, which is equal to one. If nos U and V are at consecutive positions, I minus one and I in the tour. And this results in a model of O, N cubed plus and delta variables. Here N is the number of cities, and delta is the largest number appearing in the latest start time. The second one, we have the main binary variable X, V, I. And this is one if nos V is visited at I step in the tour. We call this node-based model. And this is how the Cuba for TSP is usually formulated. However, if you use this binary variable, we end up with a higher order model, not a quadratic one. So it has better number of variables, as you can see, but it's higher order. And thirdly, we have another model here where the main binary variable is X, U, V. This is developed from an existing integer linear program, which existed in the literature. And this has N squared plus and delta number of variables. Now I will try to explain the first formulation briefly, how we came up with the formulation. First of all, we need to have the root constraint. And in the first term, you can see that this is forcing that only one of the variables of the form X, 0, V, 1 is equal to 1. Otherwise, we have a penalty term. So I mentioned that we will have an unconstrained formulation. So what we do to incorporate the constraint is to use the penalty method here so that whenever the summation is not equal to 1, we will have a here positive penalty. And this will increase the objective function, and this is something not desired. So the first one is for T equals 1. And the second one ensures that exactly one edge is visited at each time point. And similarly this term here makes sure that the two ends at 0 and exactly one edge is visited also at time N plus 1. Furthermore, to ensure that we have a closed single cycle, we make sure that each city is left exactly once. And also, we need to make sure that if we are traversing some edge UV at time I minus at time I, then we are visiting some edge VW at I plus 1. So here V is common. And this makes sure that we have a single closed route, not sub-tours. And now we have the time in those constraints. Here we define AI. This is not a variable, but I will explain it in the next slide. This denotes the arrival time to the I visited city. We have an integer variable omega I, and this denotes the waiting time at the I visited city. And overall, we call this the service time. So you can imagine this as you are going to some city, you wait there and you give service at that city. And we need to make sure that this is greater than or equal to the early start time of the I visited city. And this is the term on the left. And also we need to make sure that the arrival time is less than or equal to the latest start time of the city visited in the I location. And this is the term on the right-hand side. And for this AI, we came up with some recursive relation. And so this is saying arrival time to the city visited at I position is equal to the arrival time to the city visited at I minus 1 position plus waiting time there, plus the cost of moving between them. And if we express this explicitly, we obtain the following. The first one is trivial because it is just the cost of the edge between no zero and the first visited city. And then arrival time to the I city is expressed as a total waiting time until reaching city visited at position I plus cost of all the edges in between. So we will replace this AI. You saw in the previous slide with this expression. Involving binary and integer variables. So we come up with this time of constraints. This is for I equals 1. But again, we need to use a penalty method because we cannot have constraints in Cuba. But first we need to convert inequalities into equalities. And we do this by using slack variables, XI. They are integer variables. And so this inequality on the left appears as this term on the right-hand side in the objective function. And this is denote binary encoding because those omega variables and XI variables, they are integers. But they need to be converted into binary variables first. And similarly, we convert each inequality into some penalty term on the right-hand side. And finally, this is the cost of the route. This is basically the, so the first one is just the cost of traveling from city zero to the first visited city. Then we have the cost of all the edges in between. And finally we have the last visited edge cost. And this is overall how our final hematonic looks like. It involves the route constraint term, time window term, and the cost term. Here P1, P2, P3, they are penalty coefficients. Indeed, you can take P3 to P1. And then you should adjust P1 and P2 so that they are not large enough to override the cost. But they are not small enough so that they get violated. And very briefly to mention, for the last formulation I showed you in the previous slide, there exists an integer linear program, which means an integer linear program has a linear object with linear inequalities. What we did was to, we realized that some of the inequalities were redundant and we removed them. And then we also made some simplification for the variables. And then we also used the penalty method to obtain the cuba formulation and this resulted in a cuba formulation with n squared plus n squared delta variables. To compare the number of variable requirements by each model, we tried some real life instances with large number of cities. And in this graph you can see this. And as you can see for 200 cities, the number of required variables reached 10 to 6 for the age-based model. So from the synthetics, this was expected. And you can see that node-based is the best, but however, it's not quadratic. So that's the problem with that. Although our aim was not to have some experimental results, we tried running some instances on D-Way. We created some random instances with 3, 4, and 5 cities. And here you can see the number of required physical variables after the embedding. We used D-Way's advantage with chimerotopology. And since our instances were small in the number of cities, you can see that age-based required less number of physical variables compared to ILP, both physical and logical. And to select the penalty values, we used simulated annealing. So we kind of did a grid search. We picked some P1, P2 pairs, and we checked the highest probability of returning optimal solution in those cases. So those numbers are denoting probability. And then for each instance, we selected the P1, P2 pair which has the highest probability of acceptance. And here are some experimental results from D-Way machine. So those are energy histograms. Let me explain what I mean by optimal feasible and feasible. Optimal means that the obtained binary assignment results in a route which corresponds to the optimal solution. But for instance, slack variables may be assigned in the wrong way. So we are not interested in that. But it's enough if it is encoding an optimal route. And this goes for the feasible as well. The results show that ILP formulation performed better than the age-based one. Because in the age-based model, we could not find any optimal solution, for instance, for instances with 5 cities. So although this looks like a really small instance with 5 cities, we were not able to get any optimal solution. And here, this red line, it denotes real ground state energy. And you can see that most of the time, the lowest energy we could get and the ground state energy, there was a gap. The annealing time was 15 microseconds here. We tried to increase it, but it did not help. We also tried different chain strengths, and we picked the best one among those. And finally, let me again mention that besides this slack variable assignment, there is also another thing in the age-based formulation. The same optimal route could be obtained by assigning different weighting times. Because imagine that you go to a city. Even though you don't need to wait, you can wait there. Our formulation was allowing this so that there were many different bit assignments, which correspond to the same route. We thought that this would help while finding the optimal solution, but it ended up that ILP was performing better. And I can add that the choice of the penalty values is really challenging, because we needed to tune both parameters at the same time. And finally, I think that constraint-hybrid solver recently provided by D-Wave can be a better alternative for such problems, where you have lots of constraints. And the reason is, in that solver, you don't need to use this penalty method. You can directly list your constraints. And we recently tried this, indeed, on a real-world problem. And it's really give comparable results compared to classical solvers. So I believe this can be a better alternative for solving such constraint problems. And thanks for listening. I will be happy to answer if you have any questions. From online, you can just turn on... This is from the previous session. Yes, there is a question here. What were the other solvers you compared to the hybrid solver CQM? It was not for this problem. We solved vehicle optimization problem. So we did not try hybrid solver for TSB. And for this vehicle optimization problem, we tried solving it with Ruby, CBC, versus hybrid solver of D-Wave, constraint solver. And this work is also available in ARCA. Question from here. Can you... Let's open the chat. I think there is maybe another question. Thanks. No, OK. Thank you. Then I think we have no other questions. So let's thank the speaker again.