I can't imagine why folks would want to miss the next event, which is really a quiz. And we're going to find out who really knows what about antigens and epitopes and odd events and a few other things. It's a way to try to focus your attention. I think we've got a quorum, so I'd like to go ahead and get started. It's a treat for me to be here. Some might ask what's the old salt admiral doing here? I think the real truth of the matter is that 45 years of travel and engagement around the world, I'm living proof that a human pin cushion can absorb many scores of vaccines and still function, at least to some extent. So we'll give it a try. In truth, this panel is here to try to make a connection between something that became pretty obvious to me, and that is the link between health and security. And specifically today, we're talking about vaccines and the role they play in this business. To me, it's pretty much of a no-brainer. If you were here this morning and you saw Dr. Fauci's slides, it doesn't take a math major to see the benefit of vaccines and what they've done for people here and certainly can do for others. I think one of the challenges of a group like this and a meeting is that sometimes we, because you have an awful lot of expertise, we're blessed with that, and you're going to see with our panelists up here this afternoon, that we tend to dive down into the weeds, and we start arguing about which vaccine is going to be the best and what ought to be the priority here and how much money from this pot goes to that and so forth. To me, I would suggest as we open this discussion that we may be back out of that and let's just talk a little bit about security. And if you would accept that security runs the gamut from the usual suspects on the international stage with state boundaries and all those things that one tends to associate with militaries and state actors. And the other side is something that's very real and very close to each of us, and that's personal security, and the role that health plays in personal security is quite dramatic. And so as we get into this discussion, tying these things together and seeing what we might be able to do and what we might appreciate in this, I think is really important. So if we go back to Tony Fauci's comments, he showed some data that was, I thought, really compelling. And then he had some numbers. He talked about billions. And I'm here to tell you that that's an understatement. And if you look at it in this context, since I spent an awful lot of time around the world in the military, I learned a couple things very early on. One of them was the value of prevention, preventive maintenance, preventive interaction. And the thing I learned was that a minimum amount of resources devoted to prevention pays huge dividends. And so what would you rather have? Would you rather have some, if you, in the big scheme of things, look at the amount of resources that are actually applied to this issue of vaccines, it's pretty minimal compared to some other resources that are devoted to problems that have gotten out of hand and now we're trying to dig ourselves out of a hole. So it seems to me that if we keep in mind that we can do a tremendous amount of good with a relatively small amount of resources in advance of problems becoming the kind of challenges that cost us trillions of dollars to dig out of very deep holes. And so as we kick this off, we're really fortunate here to have three particularly well-versed and expert people that really cover the gamut in this business of vaccines and security and global health. So first, we're going to hear from Dr. Steve Kochi who is the walk-and-talk and encyclopedic expert in vaccines centers for disease control. Now he's been in this business for a very, very long time. He's a medical doctor with a great pedigree and he's going to start us off.  And that's Marcus Geiser from ICRC, International Committee of the Red Cross who he hails from Switzerland in the high mountains and he spent an awful lot of time in some pretty dirty, dusty places the last several years, the last two years in particular in Afghanistan, doing the Lord's work out there in some very, very difficult situations. And to try to put a bow around this discussion, we're very fortunate to have Eric Schwartz here. He's currently the dean at the Humphrey School up at the University of Minnesota. He's a man with a very, very extensive background that spans the policy world. Used to be here at the NSC, used to be an assistant secretary of state in the academic world. He's been with NGOs, with the UN. He's got a resume that just goes on and on that touches many of you here. And so with these three gentlemen, I think we're pretty well placed to have a discussion about this business of security and tying it to vaccines. So if I could ask Steve to come up here to start us off. Thanks very much for your attention. The place is full. Over to you, Steve. Thank you, Admiral Fallon.  I'm going to divide my comments into general issues and then taking the U.S. perspective and finally issues that conflict affected countries face. First of all, from the general perspective, I hope it's clear today that we're not talking about bioterrorism related vaccines like smallpox vaccine or anthrax vaccine. But the broader issue of how vaccines promote both global and national security, it all goes back to the fact that social inequities drive conflict and unrest and civil unrest. And vaccines are a tool for achieving health equity. And this is true both on the global level as well as on the national level. Vaccines and immunization are global public good. Now, what exactly does that mean? That means that vaccines are near universally in demand. The benefits of immunization transcend national borders. And we see this come home to roost every time we have importations of vaccine preventable diseases from one country to another, from one region of the world to another. Also, no one need be or should be excluded from receiving these global public goods. So pursuit of global immunization is a huge contribution to global health security and equity. And finally, in general terms, from the point of view of political leaders, good health is good politics. So effective health interventions such as vaccines in the view of many if not most political leaders dramatically improve the health of the population, contribute to economic productivity and foster economic development. So this promotes national security through both political and economic stability. Now, if we look at the US perspective, the US has both a humanitarian and a national security self-interest in reducing the global burden of vaccine preventable diseases. The US has been free, here's some examples. The US has been free of polio since 1979. But the polio virus is just one plane right away from the few remaining countries where the polio virus still circulates. We're all very familiar with the national security threat of a potential pandemic influenza epidemic. And in terms of measles, the US has experienced the highest number of measles cases since 1996. All of these due to importations of measles virus and small outbreaks that have occurred as a result of traveling US travelers to other parts of the world and the visitors to the United States. So these ongoing outbreaks of measles in the US highlight the interconnectedness of the world today and show that outbreaks of measles around the world leave the United States vulnerable to imported measles virus. These cases cause serious illness, hospitalization, disruption of the community and of the health infrastructure, and they are very costly. And I can get later on if time permits to some examples of this. So if we don't support the global side of the effort to reduce measles, then we're being penny wise and pound foolish in the way we approach protection of our citizens. And finally, some of the issues that the conflict-affected countries face. And I'm going to focus a bit on polio eradication since that's the model for delivery right now of immunization services in conflict-affected areas of the world. One of the greatest challenges for polio eradication in the few remaining countries has been getting access to children in conflict-affected and security-compromised areas. We've had a very successful effort in many countries that goes back to 1985 during the Civil War in El Salvador. And at that time, and this has been sustained through today, the development of what's called days of tranquility where there are negotiated ceasefires between the warring factions to allow vaccination teams on either side of the conflict to reach children with vaccination during mass campaigns where this has become a feature. And in countless countries that have been affected by civil conflict leading right up to today, this has been a strategy that has proven effective to get into these areas, at least for a brief interval of time, perhaps one to two weeks, to deliver in this instance a polio vaccine but also in many instances to deliver other health interventions where appropriate and where feasible. And so this is taking advantage of, I think, the primacy of immunization as one of the bedrocks of primary health care and using what health infrastructure is available on the immunization side to deliver the health interventions, including vaccines during these ceasefires. So I'll conclude just by saying that with polar eradication as a model for working in areas of conflict, we have been successful in many, many countries. And this carries over into our work in vaccines and immunization in achieving equity and access to immunization in establishing disease surveillance systems and mechanisms, special mechanisms for delivering health interventions in these very unusual areas. And in some instances in revitalizing and strengthening immunization systems through additional externally provided resources and delivery of additional vaccines besides polio vaccine. So I'll stop there and I hope that gets the discussion ideas flowing. Steve, thanks very much. So you've certainly, I think, got captured now one aspect of this security, the value of vaccines and interventions to helping security. It's another dimension, too, that we might be able to get a draw out from Marcus here because actually doing the health intervention in the field has a couple of prerequisites, one of them being actual local or tactical security. And so he's the man that's actually had a deal with this. Marcus, if you could come up and tell us how things really are out there. Good afternoon, everybody. First of all, yes, I do come from Switzerland, not from the Swiss mountains, from the Swiss lake. Nonetheless, my Swiss German accent, of course, will remain. So I hope you will forgive me. First of all, thank you very much to CIS for having invited the ICRC to come to this event, International Committee of the Red Cross. Very briefly, we are an international humanitarian organization based in Geneva. Our mandate is to protect and seize the victims of war all around the world in all conflict zones. Our mandate is deeply enshrined in the Geneva Conventions, one of the foundations of the law of armed conflict. ICRC is facilitator for the delivery of vaccination in Afghanistan very broadly. It's the issue I want to very quickly touch upon. And what Stephen said, excess, yes, indeed, the question of excess, how do we reach people who are in need of vaccination in very complex environments in Afghanistan probably is one of those. Let me say what the ICRC is doing, first of all. How do we actually facilitate delivery of vaccination? The ICRC's involvement as a facilitator in the polio campaign started in 2007 in Afghanistan. At that time, the Afghan Minister of Public Health suggested to WHO to contact the ICRC for support to access areas with strong armed opposition presence, that means Taliban. ICRC distinguishes itself to consider itself as a neutral, independent, humanitarian actor. I do not want to talk about these concepts at length, but nonetheless, what do we mean by that? I think we from the ICRC have to realize that aid is always an injection into a social, political, and also economical environment. So principles of humanitarian action are here very important to provide an organization like the ICRC. Guidance and regulation. Humanity stands for respect for human being. Impartiality means assisting those most in need with no discrimination. Neutrality involves no taking part in military operations or ideological controversies. Neutrality, in that sense, is an operational posture. The independence is the obvious operational predisposition that's the result of those principles. That explains why the ICRC has developed contacts with the armed opposition, the Taliban, in Afghanistan over the last few years. Let me now quickly go back again. ICRC is a facilitator for the delivery of vaccination in Afghanistan. Back in 2007, when we got this explicit request by the Afghan MOPH, this was by the authorized by President Karzai, to actually see the ICRC as a facilitator to bring other actors, such as WHO, UNICEF, and of course, first and foremost, the Minister of Public Health into those disputed areas. For each polio campaign, the ICRC receives a letter from the Taliban with a letterhead, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, as they called themselves. And this letter is handed over to WHO, and this letter is then handed over to the teams of vaccinators that actually can carry this particular letter in all those areas where they think are more disputed areas, where the Afghan Ministry of Public Health would not have an easy access. And this all sounds very simple. Of course, on the ground realities, things are a bit more complicated. For example, when I was working for the ICRC in southern Afghanistan, in our office in Kandahar, we would indeed bring together in a meeting room representatives of the Afghan Ministry of Public Health, of course, representatives of UNICEF, WHO, and of course, also people that we know through our work, through our network, who are close to the armed opposition, who are tolerated by the armed opposition, at times even our members of the armed opposition. The ICRC was considered to be, and still is considered to be a credible actor as this facilitates, because in the southern part of Afghanistan, the ICRC has a very comprehensive approach in how to actually access, respond to needs, health needs. We support the second largest hospital in Kandahar. We run a very complicated network of private taxis that retrieve wounded, bring them over the front line, and bring them to those hospitals, and we also run a few first aid posts. That particular law, and I conclude on this, that particular response to the needs of health, the health needs, I'm sorry, of course, made us a very credible actor to indeed have this all as facilitator, and of course, we from the ICRC believe strongly that our neutral independent humanitarian action, the way I explained it, actually helps us to do that. I would conclude with a few challenges. Today's, it is very clear that in many areas in Afghanistan, the provision of health, in particular vaccination, is very complex. I think it has gotten more complex. A simple letter, unfortunately, does not always do the job anymore. We see the fragmentation of various parties with the conflict, the armed opposition. We also see the proliferation of irregular armed forces. They are nonetheless accepted by the government of President Karzai, also supported by NATO forces. We continue to see, unfortunately, a rather dysfunctional ministry of public health, that is a very clear center and periphery divide. If you talk to the, or if you talk to the ministry of public health in Kandahar, he may not have leverage of what's going on, of how actually the teams of vaccinations operate, okay. The same, and I conclude on this one, the same with the armed opposition. Again, a letter from the Kuwaita juror of the Taliban that does not necessarily mean that the small commander, if I may say so, who may not even be able to read that letter, may actually accept that. So yes, the role of facilitator depends very much on the commitment of all of those who are around the table, the various health actors, but also the political actors or the armed actors. Thank you so much. Marcus, thank you very much. And to try to tie this together, I'd like to invite Dean Schwartz to share, among other things, the perspective of how policymakers view this nexus between health and vaccines and security and what factors go through their minds as they're making decisions regarding resources and allocation of effort. Thank you very much. Thank you. And I'd like to thank CSIS as well for putting on this important meeting. I should say, parenthetically, as I was preparing for this in my new perch at the University of Minnesota, it was heartening to see how serious that institution, as I know so many other institutions, have taken on the challenge of dealing with infectious diseases. Let me offer five observations in this area from the perspective of somebody who spent most of the last several years dealing with international humanitarian response. First, my first observation would be that those of us who are concerned about this issue should adopt Sutton's law, which is that you should consider the obvious before you look to other alternatives. Willie Sutton, the bank robber, is responsible for that law, which when they asked him why do you rob banks, he said that's where the money is. And the analogy, of course, is obvious. Why is it important to pursue vaccination in situations of conflict and failed states? And the answer is that that's where the people in greatest, the large number of people in great need are. These statistics may be somewhat outdated, but in review for this presentation, statistics from several years ago suggested that 65% of internationally significant outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases are in areas of civil conflict and collapsed states, that the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in such settings are such diseases. And so I would say we should start with Sutton's law, and which underscores the importance of focusing on this area, even if it's hard to do. The second point that I would make from a policy perspective with respect to international humanitarian response is that movement matters. What I mean by that is we need to address the problem due to its migration impacts on issues with humanitarian, but also national security implications. And this plays out in several ways. First, people on the run who are not vaccinated, who have not encountered host populations, refugees encounter host populations, many of whom then thereby become far more susceptible. Secondly, as we've seen, diseases easily cross borders and have implications for foreign populations. We resettle upwards of 75,000 refugees every year from places like the Dobb in northeast Kenya. So the idea that the impact of the absence of immunization on us might not be significant and profound I think may be very short-sighted. And then third, there are humanitarian implications because people who are fleeing, who cross borders, hopefully, and in many cases, at least a couple of million cases in Africa over the last decade, they go home, they go home. Better they should go home having been vaccinated rather than go home and increase the risks to those who never left in the first place. So my second proposition is that movement matters. My third proposition is that we need to tailor solutions to meet problems. Be aware of the need to modify interventions to the special dimensions of humanitarian settings. For example, there is evidence, and I'm not the expert on this, I just read the evidence, but there is some evidence that in humanitarian settings there is a stronger rationale for vaccinations, for diseases, for to vaccinate children to a higher age, to a greater age. Because many of them, many of them who are refugees or who have suffered conditions of poverty and conflict may not have been, may not have had access to vaccinations. So there is some evidence that increasing the age level for vaccinations in those settings makes sense. There's evidence that a focus, if you have limited priorities on those diseases that spread most easily or have the gravest consequences. So without trying to dictate the specific outcomes, I think the point is still is very valid, that you need to tailor interventions to the special circumstances of humanitarian settings. The fourth observation I made is that not all humanitarian settings are created equal. And this is sort of a cortisol to the previous point. For example, beyond the urgent quick onset emergency, there are millions and millions of people of people in humanitarian distress who are in protracted humanitarian situations where their circumstances may be tragic, but ironically there may be opportunities for the building of local capacity in circumstances where in contrast to quick onset emergencies where that possibility may be more remote. Similarly, not similarly, but along the same lines, we have the challenge of urban refugees, people who are fleeing, who may be in need of immunization, but who are not in camp light settings, increasingly in urban environments with host populations. That also imposes more significant challenges, but in different challenges. So my fourth point again is not all humanitarian settings are created equal. And my fifth and final point is don't assume that doing the right thing is an inadequate rationale to do the right thing. Did everyone get that? What I mean by that is, I think the national security rationales for action in this area are clear and convincing. But also sometimes I felt in government, I certainly did it, sometimes I felt that we made these rationales. I said probably a thousand times as assistant secretary that if we address humanitarian suffering and we create conditions for peace and reconciliation, then we offer the prospect of stability and circumstances where despair and chaos can ultimately undermine our national security interests. I said that, I probably said that 300 times. And I believe it. But sometimes I think policy makers say it because we feel that it resonates with those who are gonna be funding us. And I would submit at least in the case of humanitarian response, response to people who are in the most desperate need. The evidence that I'm aware of is that it's really the doing the right thing rationale that has resonated more significantly with our strongest supporters in the Congress and our strongest supporters in the non-governmental community. And I think that's important. That's not always the case, I think, with development. But in the area of humanitarian response, that's been the case. And so to the extent that there is an interest in pursuing greater resources in this area in the area of humanitarian response, I would not assume that doing the right thing is necessarily an inadequate argument to get the right outcome. Thank you. Eric, thanks. Thank you. Eric, thanks. Great point on which to end the tea up here. So I'd like to open it up to questions or comments from the audience. Any additional thoughts or ideas that you might want to toss in front of these experts before we let them get into a dialogue? I think we've got some mics, yeah, coming up at your six. Thanks, Admiral. Since so much of the narrative of enemies in open society is that the West doesn't care enough about the poor and the disenfranchised, how much of a policy issue can you bring to the Hill about things like inoculations and alike? And how much can the military help encourage the benefit that vaccinations do in bringing the good of the West to the disenfranchised of the world? Yes, Eric, you want to start off with the policy piece? Yeah, I think to the extent that, you know, I think if the goal is, and this is a preliminary response, I could be dead wrong, right? So please appreciate that. But because the stakes are very high, right? And so if you're wrong and the stakes are high, then the implicate. So take everything I say with a great assault, but my reaction to your comment is if you're talking about increasing the magnitude of resources for vaccinations, for immunization in humanitarian settings, one strategy might be not to take aim at the Congress but to take aim at the administration. And what I mean by that is that I think if there are any foreign aid accounts that are gonna be generously funded, it's the humanitarian accounts. At least that's what history, recent history seems to suggest. My bureau got 100 million dollars, consistently 100 to 200 million dollars more than we asked for in an environment that was extremely difficult for the budget, right? And so I think if the goal is to increase the magnitude of resources, and I think the goal is to increase the magnitude of resources in humanitarian settings, in addition to taking aim at Congress, of course you should, but I would also, I would look at the administration, I would look at the accounts of PRM and DCHA and USAID and ask the question, are you allocating enough support for this area? Are you pressing your international partners, UNHCR and others to WHO, whatever?  So I think I would, on the humanitarian side, I think I would do both, I would look at the Congress, but also the administration. If I could just add a couple of thoughts on the military aspect of your question. The military certainly can and does respond to humanitarian situations, crises around the world, key attributes or organization and speed. But for the longer term, the bigger picture seems to me, someone mentioned this morning, in this for the long haul, set longer term goals and that's where you need to be prepping the battle ground in terms of basically the end of the day, trying to build host nation capabilities, it seems to me, to be able to sustain the kinds of things. So we can intervene, we can do all kinds of things, many in this room do magnificent work, but for the long term, key thing I believe is to get folks on the ground to be able to sustain this and keep going. So the military can help, but primarily your speedy responders. What else, folks? Okay, while you're... If I may just add, yes, the role of the military down in Afghanistan, of course the military has played an important role, certainly not as a provider of vaccination as Edward has just said, yes. I see the role of the military very much as trying to support the environment, it is conducive to allow a vaccination to take place. That is, I think, this is the unique role that the military can play, yes. I think we have both a challenge and an opportunity in advocating for vaccines and immunization as a very concrete way to gain and sustain trust with the communities and build that trust and that engagement over a long period of time. Afghanistan, Pakistan, these are major complex situations that have the military dimension that goes far beyond that. So we have a need to do our best in advocacy to demonstrate that the way that, for the longer term that we gain, that we win the hearts and minds of the population are through other concrete means such as delivery of vaccines. Steve, you mentioned in your discussion the topic of pandemics, and since this is a wildly held perception as a real challenge to security internationally, what would you see as the recommendations for dealing with this in advance? What can we do to get better prepared and to be more rapidly forthcoming if we're faced with these in the future? Well, that's a very good question, a very complex issue. I'm certainly not an expert in this, but we need to keep this very high on the priority list in terms of our preparedness. And as Dr. Fauci indicated this morning, from the US perspective, building as strong as possible a seasonal influenza vaccination program really creates the infrastructure, the vaccine capacity to deal with a pandemic if and when it should occur. And that applies globally as well. I think our role from the US side is to support developing countries to build that capacity to implement seasonal influenza vaccination programs to build the global supply of influenza vaccines so that when a pandemic occurs, we have the capacity both human and financial and from the manufacturers to address that pandemic as quickly as possible. Thanks. Marcus, you mentioned in your remarks your perception that the things were changing in the arena that we're making distribution to health services more difficult. Did you see this as a local issue in Afghanistan or there's some structural larger picture items here? Of course, in Afghanistan it's very obvious that things have become more complex and it's simply linked to the fact, to the circumstances that we see very often in internal wars where you have indeed this fragmentation of armed actors, this proliferation of armed actors and where you also have competing authorities. You have not only state and non-state actors having guns. You have also a non-state actors, for example, in Afghanistan, the Taliban who actually run their own Ministry of Public Health. And what I think is very important is that in such a context, if those who want to provide vaccination simply talk only to the state Minister of Public Health but do not consider the presence of other actors on the ground, that will simply not allow the provision of vaccination. I think that's something that I have seen or the ICC has seen in many contexts, yes. And I think this is a key issue here, yes. Vaccination in a date, I think it was said, yes, there are no, vaccination doesn't know any borders, yes indeed, not only state borders between Pakistan and Afghanistan, but actually also within a country, yes. Yes, just to re-emphasize what Marcus has been saying and to put it in very concrete terms and applies to Afghanistan and the cooperation with the Taliban, it applies in Somalia with cooperation with the warlords and the clan chiefs, but in the Afghanistan circumstance, for years a agreement was worked out for one round of immunization after another over a period of years. The Taliban appointed the vaccination teams from the communities, the vaccine was supplied by the government of Afghanistan and international partners, and then the Taliban reported back in on the results and this was, it was a very workable strategy and ICRC had a central role in making this happen and sustaining it over time. Great, thanks, that's ma'am. We'll get a mic up here please. Thank you, again, my name is Ann Thompson, I'm with the Core Group Polio Project with World Vision and my question is just to the panel in general, if you could highlight the three main things that need to happen to best promote worldwide immunization and address those to the US government or the Western world, what would they be? Anybody like to take a shot at that one? So, three things, three top priority tasks to accelerate the value of immunizations in the world. This is a panel stumper, huh? The problem with answering the question is I think that, at least from my perspective, I think our presence on this panel may suggest, and in my own view, you've heard, that a focus on the most challenging environments, environments of conflict, of humanitarian suffering, of state failure, my own view is a sustained and substantial focus on those areas as my comment suggested is critical. Because, as I said before, Sutton's law applies. And if you're gonna solve a disastrous problem, you've gotta go where the bulk of the suffering really is. And I think it will take a significant commitment of resources, but it will also take a commitment to best practices because the challenges of access in those kinds of environments are significant and substantial. So, there are ways you can address that under any circumstances, careful serving of the population, careful site selection in these sorts of situations, careful preparation, but ultimately, the most significant challenges in my view are gonna be challenges related to access. And I would say one thing that our government should be doing and I suspect we already are doing it is preparing a very careful look at how we managed, how the international community managed the outbreak, the measles outbreak in the context of the horn humanitarian disaster. We've got, I think there are probably going to be some important lessons learned from that experience, both in terms of why it wasn't better prevented and in terms of how we responded, how the international community responded and whether that response could have been more effective. Sort of a non-answer to your question. 30 seconds. A very good question. When you put the question, I was sitting here having done a background paper giving my top 10 wondering, let's see which three of those top 10 am I gonna use? But I think what I wanted to say is to me, the most important issue is partnership and in the global vaccine enterprise, the road to success is to have a fully elaborated partnership that combines government ownership, industry, community leaders, the private sector and the non-government organizations, especially given the topic we're talking about and NGOs that can work in these conflict-affected areas. And that's the secret to success, the number one secret to success in my view. Marcus Quirkland? If I just would like to develop a little bit what my colleagues have just said, the value of immunization, I think that was your question. I agree, of course, and I think Eric very well with his five points has actually already given you in my opinion an answer to your question. Develop this a little bit further. Just how do we, as we from the ICC talk to non-state actors, how do we try to, how can we manage to convince them of the value of immunization? That is sometimes quite complicated, yes. And sometimes very simple solutions actually are probably the best in the case of Afghanistan. If you have someone from the Taliban who doesn't like the idea, it's something from the West, et cetera, what you do, you make sure that, for example, that's what I tried to do and managed a few times, you make sure that he takes his sum, okay. We talked to his sum, you can tell him, you may not be interested in that, but you're certainly interested in the well-being of your sum. And that usually really brought this debate about yes or no vaccination to a very abrupt end because it was very clear. I think it's also about responsibility leadership. So small personal things matter. If I could wrap this up, and with one of my own observations, maybe a corollary to where we started with Sutton's first law, and that would be if we ought to focus on the obvious, then maybe we ought to also take a little bit sharper focus on the obvious low-hanging fruit. And so one of the key roles of leadership is to make decisions and let's decide there's some things that can be done very quickly to great effect and let's do them. So thanks very much for your attention and thanks to the panelists for their views. Thank you.


Welcome to our Tableau Rousseau online retreat weekend. I'm Peter. I'm going to be the host this weekend. And yeah, we've got a wonderful weekend ahead of us with our Abundance in Miracles theme. And we'll have some people just checking out the preview now on YouTube. You can always join us in the Zoom room. We'll have a link there. And today we're going to be joined by David in the States and Francis here in Mexico. And so I'm going to pass it over to those guys right now. Hi. Hi everyone. What a joy. What a joy to come together this way. Precious precious precious. Yeah, Francis and I were talking, we have a beautiful topic abundance in miracles. What a beautiful, wide open topic to dive into the joy together. Yeah. Thank you for joining us. I was thinking what a, what a perfect topic to realign our mind to remember, you know what, what this is all about. It's about working miracles as guided by the spirit. That's really our path towards this healing journey. Miracle guided life. Yeah. Yeah, I think when I've traveled around the world, one of the things that people asked me at a lot of the gatherings is, you know, well, I'm starting to have some insights and I'm making a few strides and I feel like I'm, I'm moving in the right direction. But they said, but I don't really have joy in my life. They say, I, where, when does the joy start, when does the joy start. And I said, well, that's like, that's when you like dive in.  That's how it starts for many and then, then you get in there and eventually you get in the waiting pool and swish around a little then you go into the big pool, and then eventually you find yourself going off the diving board under the deep end.  The Amazon River just takes you, you know, you're not thinking of swimming in the Amazon River. It's like going over Niagara Falls or Iguazu Falls down in South America. You know, that you're not asking where is the joy when, when the river has got you. You're just going over the falls and down the rushing river. So, but we're trying to make it very practical because every day we, we experienced miracles and, and we talk and like Francis you were saying, even in recent days, it's just been so many miracles and tears of joy, almost uncontainable gratitude and joy that comes from the miracles. And those are everyday experiences. These are not like once, once in a blue moon.  Yeah, if we're thinking about this journey, you know, like, originally when, when I pick up the book, A Cross in Miracles, I would think that's a course to study, study and accumulate knowledge, apply, apply. But it's so far off from what I had envisioned this journey would be actually under the Spiritist control. The Spirit is saying this journey is, is a journey of miracles and every day should be devoted to miracles. Absolutely every day and miracles are natural. That means that means that is our purpose. That is our goal.  How different is this life once we give our purpose over to the Spirit to guide and to lead. And what a joyful and abundant journey. It's not so much the miracles at the level of form, thinking all things really lined up, which they do as well. But there was the love that's behind all the miracles that we can tap into over and over again. And that's, that's really what this is all about every single day. This is what it is all about. We're supposed to tap into that. That love behind the miracles. Every single moment. Yeah. Yeah, it doesn't matter how you, how you get taken into it. It doesn't matter the form doesn't matter. I know our friend Lisa years ago, many years ago when she first was reading the course, she was becoming very excited by what she was reading and really diving into it but she came upon this word in a Course in Miracles and it just she had to stop because it was so strong for her abundance. She had to keep repeating it when she came to that word in the course. Abundance, abundance, abundance. We all have our connotations whatever our past learning has taught us about that but there was something fresh and new in that word, like it was presenting itself in the course in a new way, saying come and get to know me. Know me as, as fulfillment, know me as contentment, know me as joy, know me as glee, know me as, as rest. I have to say abundance is a rest. Some people may say rest. Where'd you throw that one? Why'd you throw that one in? But actually, when you're abundant you have an awareness that you have everything and you are everything. And therefore there's not a chance that an ego thought of scarcity or lack or comparison can get in. How can comparison enter when your mind is in glee? You know, how can lack enter when your mind goes into joy? How can conflict enter when your mind is in abundance? And that's the true meaning of abundance. It's not about succeeding in the world. It's not about failing in the world.  And what you're left with is the present moment, which is extremely abundant and that's that's our life. I mean, we just experience everyday miracles and they're so natural. They just kind of roll on like a big strong momentum because they're so natural because they come from our source and because we're not blocking them anymore. We're not trying to block the miracle. Why would we block the miracle when it's all around us? It's us. It's in us and all around us. It's just so precious. Well, we know that you have shown up here really to dive in to this pool with us into this state of mind and we have people in our mystery school, about 22 people with everyone there and there's our mystery school. I see them all. And I see we have so many friends from around the world, some friends that I haven't seen for a while, some friends that are joining us again, some friends that are like on here on a regular basis.  And also I know some of you are have maybe in the past week or so been stirred up a little bit about the world events. What is perceived as happening in Ukraine. And we always try to keep it practical. So we're going to bring Ukraine and abundance and miracles together so that your mind can can feel the abundance of what is real and what is is true. And some of you I think Darren, Darren read Darren you wrote in saying that you, you really been making your strides and following along and really enjoying movie watchers guide to enlightenment will have a very, very good movie tomorrow to tomorrow morning as part of the retreat be very lively I promise you and very healing and very much filled with laughter. And, and you were saying that you were going through the movie the nines, and there came a moment when you were watching the movie nines, where you suddenly looked around and you saw that the people in your house, and the walls, and the body and everything were all just a projection from your mind. And it's best that maybe for about an hour where I could see the big smile on your face that there's some abundance. When you, when you have an experience where you look around yourself, and you realize that it's all in your mind that there's nothing outside of you, that is a glimmer or glimpse of the glorious abundance of, of God's love because God created us in love and light in in abundance and happiness and joy and the ego has made a very different perspective. And most of us know it as the personal perspective, which is quite draining, quite stressful, quite anxious, quite fearful. And it thinks it knows something it thinks it knows, sometimes it thinks it knows everything about it. And it doesn't even like the idea that it knows nothing about nothing. But, but that's what this is really about is, is about giving your mind the willingness to move in that direction to just have that experience that you had because that glimpse that glimmer will grow. It will grow, and it will expand, and it will expand. And as it expands, it will be able to encompass everything in time and space, including Ukraine. I mean, even when people are saying, Oh, what about the situation in Ukraine? Well, it's, it's part of imagination. And it can seem to be very intense, especially if you're watching the news and you're watching what's coming through or watching some videos and interpreting it in any way, it can be extremely the emotions can be extremely intense. But Ukraine, we've all had our own Ukraine. I mean, if somebody asked me about the intensity of Ukraine, I could say, Well, I've had that experience personally. Psychically, I've had my Ukraine's I feel like the bombs have gone off psychically at many different times in my life and the parable of David, where, you know, my something the ego was doing a shelling in my mind. And it was it was devastating. And it felt like parts of my mind were trying to flee. They were like refugees trying to flee for safety somewhere. I've had Ukraine come up interpersonally to interpersonal relationships. I'm going to put it on gallery. I can see has anybody ever felt a Ukraine experience in your interpersonal relationships with loved ones with partners with children with parents with neighbors.  You felt like it's going down. It may not last. And then if we think about groups, it happens with with interpersonal relationships, it happens with groups, it happens with countries, and even with the pandemic, it can even happen seemingly with the whole globe. Those are just different scales of what I'm going to call conflict. So let's be honest, conflict is just conflict and conflict is the ego. And there's not any bigger ego or smaller ego or worse ego or better ego, because, because the ego itself is an illusion. So how can it be bigger or, or, or worse, if it's just an illusion that's like a bigger nothing or a smaller nothing, a better nothing or a worse nothing, you know, it, we have to start to realize it's a perceptual problem. So I really think that that's something that that is going to be a key as we go into our experience of abundance and miracles is start to really be honest with ourself and say, wow, maybe I had it all wrong. Maybe I really misperceived this world in a big drastic way. That was nothing in a line with God, nothing in the line with truth. And maybe I it's time for me to consider letting it go. And that's what we do every day, right? Every day, same thing. Yeah.


We had a nice non-roughing the kicker in the Giants game. As a rough hug, the kicker does not go down. The 80s, this would be on the VHS bloopers of the NFL, and they'd put a soundtrack to it and make it like a cartoon. Blackout sports. I wish it was mic'd up, because I wanna hear, the kicker probably wouldn't say anything, but the dude had to be like, come on dude, come on, get up. Kicker's just kinda going limp on him. Well, in the rules it said for roughing the kicker, the kicker has to touch the ground. So by holding him up, he's good. So they're gonna have to change this. Otherwise players are gonna do this all the time and start torturing punters. What if you just like push a dude into one of your teammates who catches his fall? I mean, feels like roughing, right? This felt like roughing. This felt more than just like a nice shove.


I'm going to force the low lift and the reason why I kind of like this position is because it's different strategically when a guy like redrops on my leg. So a short time in a match, maybe I'm on bottom and I get up to my feet and that guy just drops down to a single leg and holds on and is trying to burn 10 seconds off the clock or we're neutral and I got to take a guy down and he just shoots and hangs onto a leg to burn clock. Sometimes we're going to have to scramble to get back to a good position or to get to escape or get a takedown. So I'm in on this single, he's in on this single leg and I rake stuff and cover here. Now if he's not forcing to get improved position here to get to an angle or this and the other and I need to do something here, okay, or maybe I just get my hands in the right place before he splits. But the reason why a lot of times we can't get this position unless we force it is if this guy splits and his laces are flat, I'm not going to be able to get under his laces. So I'm going to go belly button, my outside hand's going to go to the laces and I'm going to drive into him with my hips and kind of force him to split. So I'm going to go belly button and laces. Now this is what I want you to think about.  So if I want to be on my left side with the laces in my right hand, that's the side I want you to grab. Right hand laces if I'm going to my left side. If I like going to my right side, grab his laces with your left hand. So it's either here or here, okay. Now I like going to my left side, so I'm going to grab the laces with my right hand. So I'm going to crunch and drive into him.   Now when I get to this position, I immediately pick the far ankle up and I'm getting my outside foot up under me. Now in this position, I'm just going to change hands and turn the corner, alright. We'll talk about far ankle scrambling in a little bit, but usually when I get to this position, if this guy knows what's going on, he's going to pull his arm through before I step up and he's going to get my far ankle. And we're going to end up in this far ankle scrambled position. If we beat them in this position, whether they know a far ankle scramble or not, we're going to be in good shape. That's why I want you to step that outside foot up. If I leave my outside foot behind me, he can get the far ankle. If I step it up, he won't be able to. So I rake stuff, cover, set your anchor every time, okay, whether you're going to use it to cartwheel out or not. I want to force this position.  He's the one side, big swing, elevate. See how my outside foot came up. Once I get far ankle in a scramble, I never let go of it. I can change hands, but I still have control. So I change hands and I'm wrestling into this guy. You're right back on top. Wrestling. Okay. Whatever your top game is there. So I'm going to go belly button, laces, drive in, head to the mat, knees away from the lace side. Questions. Anybody need to see it again? What's up? One more time. So all the way from the top, he shoots single leg, rakes stuff, cover. I'm here. He's just kind of hanging out. I got a force of position. Now we have all these other options that we worked, but we're just going through the, going through the catalog of moves. I'm going to go belly button, drive, drive, drive, laces here. Knees to one side, up and out. Change hands right back into my wrestling. Okay. Go.


My name is Gary Morgan aka ice cold 3,000 My name is Byron Sanders aka T7 of the turkey Oakland's chain. It's a lot of the culture being pushed out and that's one thing. We're not trying to let out We still hold the culture We remind people of what Oakland used to be in this life. They really love us simply for that Turf dancing is a expression and a movement of how you feel we Express the things that we go through on a day-to-day basis. We take all their styles and put them into one Back in 2009. I got a phone call from a friend.  I had never got paid for dancing in my life, but we were getting shows for three four hundred dollars Doing commercials thousands of dollars and it was like I can do this something. I love doing anyway I'm gonna do this all the time Honestly, it's a lot of different team members of her fiend that do a lot of great stuff like Frenchy, baby He actually was a romanian's got talent. We got chunky. He created this means a big dance right now That's trending in the dance world. Our motto has always been I shine you shine we shine together It's like we are pushing for the same thing literally like I know I can count on y'all y'all know y'all can count on me Feel me. I know I can trust y'all Just having that and having those type of people around me and being able to reach out to people with that same mentality It's like it's beautiful. You know I'm saying I just find success as having love You know to be able to touch other people to be able to have people have love for you And I feel like a lot of my teammates feel like that. We really don't taste the money. That's not the success We're looking for we're looking for that love. It's really crazy because it's like everywhere and then soon as it Like y'all turkeys, huh? Like yeah, man I remember y'all like it be older people young people and for every generation to Acknowledge and love us and respect us. That's that's that's big


Thank you. Good morning colleagues What I intend to do is just to give you a very short presentation of the content of the blueprint in relation to cross-cutting aspects and of course a Lot of what you have heard already is quite cross-cutting because there are many many linkages between the different Policy options which have been discussed so far But let's say these are more cross-cutting than the others and we have grouped them in three Big categories one concerns innovation and knowledge the second one is about governance and the third one is about Policy integration which he indeed has been already debated quite a bit concerning innovation and Knowledge of course you are familiar with the innovation partnerships that the European Commission launched last May and The work kicked off by the high-level steering group in September and the strategic implementation plan has been mentioned yesterday is due to adoption to be adopted in December this year the partnership tries to Focus on some of the blueprint priorities to develop Innovative tool if you like to deliver on the blueprint priorities so there's a close link between the partnership on water and The same applies to the partnership on agriculture productivity and sustainability which in the Commission is under the lead of Digi agriculture Then a second element is wise of course you are familiar with the water information system for Europe It's been around for a while member states have used it also for their reporting activities of the real basic management plans and The question here is more about how to improve wise how to make it more Interoperable with national databases how to make sure that the Necessary information for the decision-makers is available at the right time and at the right decision-making level The third element is Streamlining reporting and statistics Requirement there is an activity which needs to be accomplished under the CIS and it looks in particular at the issue of Harmonizing reporting cycles under the urban wastewater directive the nitrous directed the water framework directive that have different cycles four years in some cases six years under the WFD and how to make this Indeed compatible and in order to simplify the administrative exercise Also in the field of knowledge base there is an issue which has been mentioned yesterday In relation to the hydroeconomic model that has been developed by the joint research center of the commission This is a tool that is supposed to help water managers to deliver cost-effective Solution in fact, it's supposed to help them in making the choices for the most cost-effective measures of course it's it's a bit of a pilot at the moment it needs a lot of refining additional work additional information and then the last element on this slide is the continuation of the work on science policy interface, you know that this is an ongoing activity and An activity that some needs to continue because of course we always we continuously need Science the results of new project to feed into the policies so that the policy can adjust to technical and scientific Development the matter is more how to make this more effective under the CIS the second big group of issues in the cross-cutting part of the blueprint relate to governance and A lot of what has been discussed relate to governance directly or indirectly we discussed what recounts for instance, and they also relate to governance is the basic information that then allows you for instance for the the allocation of our water to the various Stakeholders, but here we focus more specifically on structural elements of the governance And possibilities to improve it in terms of learning from each other We thought it would be useful to offer the possibility of having a peer review system for the river basin management plans where the river basin districts which are more advanced can actually Contribute their experience share their knowledge with those that are less advanced and the Commission on the basis of the in-depth assessment of the plans of the member states that we have carried out could Facilitate this process could suggest For instance that some river basin district volunteer to help others Then there is the issue of inspection and surveillance of course This is not an issue related to what the policy only it's a wider issue concerning the enforcement of environmental policy and The commission is at the moment looking into an assessment of the existing recommendation so it's soft law instrument at European level on inspection and surveillance to see how this can be improved and made more effective So we can expect some proposal from the Commission the exact Nature or legal nature has not been decided yet and will be subject to an impact assessment And then the last element on governance concerns country specific recommendation in the European semester you know that there is the European semester process and There are a number of recommendations which are proposed by the Commission adopted by the European Council and then address to the member states in order to improve the economic governance at national level and Of course, there are close linkages between what a policy and many economic sectors So what we will be trying to do is to identify recommendations that offer win-win from the economic and the environmental Point of view so that's they deliver or they contribute to deliver what a policy objective is why actually also helping generating growth and jobs and The last element on cross-cutting issues is integration There's been a debate already here Including the cross-compliant and the cross-compliance under the cap to what the framework directive what we are not really discussed Is what does that mean in practical terms the water say a framework directive is a 70-page long very technical Directive extremely difficult to understand. I can imagine that the farmer who gets all of it Would be a little scared in Hearing that this should go into cross-compliance. Well, of course here. We're talking about some very limited selected provisions which are to be very concretely defined in order for them to be Added to the cross-compliance mechanism So the issues what are the measures to be added? Then I've mentioned already the European semester. It's repeated in these slides because of course It's potentially relevant for integration as it is for governance And then the last element I wanted to mention is awareness raising tools on water consumption in the previous presentation the issue of labeling globally traded goods has been Mentioned and a caveat was was put forward about The limitation for instance of the water footprint We are very well aware of these limitation and the blueprint does not propose the water footprint as a policy tool But rather as an awareness raising tool there are other tools like certification scheme like the European water stewardship's and Several others that indeed can contribute to make people aware of the impact of their lifestyle and behaviors on water the water environment So to conclude the questions for discussion. This is a subset of what you seen Background document which has been streamlined in order to facilitate the discussion covered the three aspects here what what is needed to improve knowledge base knowledge sharing and the wise Information system in Europe what can be done in order to improve governance? RPA reviews useful and Finally what should be the measures that could be added from WFD into the cap cross compliance or what else can we do? to help Integrating WFT objective in cross compliance. Thank you


And as you'll the breakfast and plus TV Africa, Zikha and Ya'a took a public affairs analyst joins us this morning from Akwaibom State. Akitek is good to have you join us. Good morning. Thanks for having me. All right then. Let's start off with the leadership newspaper this morning. Looking at some of the headlines, I start off with the bold one. Now a swap deadline. Governors, civil society organizations differ on Supreme Court judgment. That's governor CSOs differ on Supreme Court judgment. Credibly election under attack, civil groups declare. Federal government acts apex court to dismiss state government suit as governor's hail vedic. It has saved Nigeria from anarchy, economic shutdown. That's what the presidential candidate of the all progressive Congress is quoted to say. Again, you find I will revive a Jakuta steel company. That's what Bola Tunibu is saying. Court dismisses suit seeking obese disqualification. Contents, ESCC boss must first go to prison before any other action. And you find a tick who insists on reopening land borders. You've elected president. These are some of the headlines you find on the leadership. But we turn our attention to the punch now. The punch says new narrow note or new narrow world bank. IMF one second. Or new narrow world bank IMF one CBN Supreme Court stops Friday deadline. World bank IMF one CBN Supreme Court stops Friday deadline. Shutting of new notes has caused hardship. Disrupted trade and payments IMF is saying. I mean, I think it's high time Nigerians, you know, Nigeria and those who are calling the shots in the country. Pay attention to the interest of these institutions, you know, the World Bank, the IMF. But of course, how can you separate their interests, especially when, you know, we're always in bed with them going to borrow.  INEC appeals or shun po judgment and defense a delicacy victory. You also find 850 million Naira fraud fleeing senator. Noir show be napped and sent to prison. 195 Naira per liter impossible marketers insist 900 NMP CL stations to serve INEC during the polls. Mohammed Mahmoud Yacoubo is quoted on that. I did not offer to buy kidney. He couldn't ma do tells the United Kingdom court. We can lacks popular support to help to noble. Peter side is saying. And we also have the Guardian down. We have the Guardian looking at the Guardian newspaper. He says federal government insist on February the 10th. He asks apex court to dismiss state suits. Okay. I think that Nigerians are thrown into a lot of confusion at this point because there seem to be several ruling this everybody seem to be speaking and whose reports should we believe. We can hear Supreme Court reverse the joint suits. You also find immigration intercepts 6,216 voters cuts. Identify identity cuts and orders from foreigners. Immigration intercepts 6,216 voter cuts. Identity cuts and orders from foreigners. Atiku Harawa once Legos wreck removed from alleged partisanship. Talking about that collaboration with INEC and of course the transport park committee and transporting sensitive election materials in Lagos state and her personnel. Just before we move away from the Guardian newspaper. I think that that's the much you can take now. World attention to Nigeria. I hope nothing tempers with election. That's what the former president Olufshaguna Basin just quoted to say. And then we just quickly look at the nation and have a Zikong Yai to share his thoughts. Relief, joy as Supreme Court's heart. CBN debt line on Ode Naira. River Sik to join the suits. World Bank IMF debt line ill conceived. The pro problem anti people. The pro problem. The anti people looks like an editorial or an analysis on the nation there. Debt toll in Turkey and Syria at quick news 12,000. That's a lot. And I'll seek a nation found it on justice, prosperity of all. Niger air to begin flying soon says federal government.  But, you know, let's quickly have a Zikong Yai to share his thoughts at this point in time. Ezeko, it's good to have you join us once again. Good morning. And thank you for being part of the show. Thanks for having me. Always a pleasure. All right. Ezeko, how would you respond? And what are your thoughts on Attico's concern and the Hariwa wanting the Lagos wreck removed over alleged partisan? The very first thing is that if you are going to the polls, you want to watch all the umpires, even to any game, even football. You want to ensure that a level playing ground is is ensured for all. So you now check the actions, the inactions of all that are involved. Now, the the the the wreck in in Lagos state is one that will come under a lot of scrutiny for two reasons. The very first is the volume of votes in in Lagos state.  But Lagos is so important that anybody that's serious about the presidential results or elections must pay more than a passing attention to the the players within the Lagos enclave to make sure that they favor you. If they don't favor you, they are not against you, but the proper thing should be that it's level, you know, usually if it favors you, you keep quiet. But if it doesn't favor you, you shout out. So the best thing, like I said, is for it to be level for everybody. So I'm not surprised. And again, as she was you, who is him, he's a primary contender with that of labor, you know, is is resident in Lagos and wants to have that as his base. For more reasons than one, both Labor Party and PDP will be very, very, very, very careful to scrutinize every act of every major player within the Lagos state enclave on on the INEC side. She also is talking about, you know, the recent judgment or the ruling, I beg your pardon, of the Supreme Court. And that's on, you know, the deadline asking that the CBN cannot. And of course, the old Naira continues to remain a legal tender, but however it was stated that it was just a temporary ruling. And it would definitely continue. What does this really mean for Nigeria? If you can tell us what does this really mean? And what are your concerns about the thoughts of the World Bank? And I am saying that the time of transition is short. They are very concerned and saying, hey, I don't think that this should be the case. I'll tell you one, two, three things about, you know, we just sometimes we don't pick things in little pockets. And I think this is a major issue that we should look at. Ezeko, do we still have you with us? Unfortunately. All right. Ezeko, can you hear me? Yes. Yes, I can hear you. Can you hear me now? Go ahead. Okay. I was saying that there are one, two, three things involved that we must look at holistically. Number one, the bigger problem of Nigeria, which is raining for four years, if not eight, is leadership. The current problem is hardship, you know, for the next few days or weeks. How does leadership come in? We all know that the biggest problem, the threat we have today is that of vote by. We've got to come to terms with our problem. And if the president has come to the point where he says, my legacy right now is going to be given Nigeria Free Fair Credible Election, he's going to use a sledgehammer to kill a fly just to ensure that the level playing field is there. Now he said, bring all notes in, let's have control of what's going on. And I go to banking halls and the bulk counting rooms are empty. They're empty in the past few days, meaning that there is still close to a trillion naira outside the banking hall system. Why is that so? Nobody's asking question. Why is that so? Why has all the money not been moved in? It's not because they are long queues at the bank trying to send in new notes or old notes and they can't do it. Let's take the issues one by one. Let's segment the issues. Why do we still have over 900 billion old notes when the banks are empty? As a matter of fact, I went to my bank and I said, how about the weekends? They said they're not working weekends again. Why? Because there's nobody bringing old notes, so they don't need to come in here. They have stopped bringing. It means they've mopped up everything. That is what they say. Now CBN is at fault because the little man that brought in his 200,000 wants to be able to get it out and do his business. Thirdly, the banks are complicit because this policy has been there all along. They ought to have had their IT units understand their volume of customers and what to do. If electronic transfers were working, we would not have the amount of problems that we are doing. Yesterday, I personally transferred from one bank from Zenith Bank four times and from Access Bank three times. It didn't go now to a particular account. The next thing was I got debited four from Zenith. I debited three from Access Bank and I was still standing with the man and he didn't get the money.  I think the fourth one from Access went. The third or the fourth one went from Zenith or whichever of them. Now, assuming this will don't reverse that money, I'm going to lose over a million just like that because I have to look for this man and depending on his goodness, his mercies, I've seen it, I've not seen it, all those things. What am I trying to say? Number one, people are not taking money to the banks and the banks are there to take the money. Number two, the banks are not making their apps to work well would have made things a lot easier. Number three, CBN says he has brought out money, but we're not seeing the money again. The banks, for instance, I'm told that about 11 billion of the new notes have been sent to Enugu. Nobody can account for where they are. It means that the banks are probably our biggest problems because they are giving this money. I speculate, I speculate that they are giving this money in bulk to politicians. Number one, number two, the other people are doing business with the POS workers. So the banks are in the middle of all these things making life terrible and now the citizens are taking it out on the government. And then these politicians are felling that the anger of the people because they want there to be a certain level of uprising for the policy to be reversed. Let's get to another part of this particular conversation. It's in different folds, so we have taken this part. Now on the other hand is that the IMF and the World Bank have raised their concern and they are saying that the time is very short. They are also backing the extension of this call by the CBN. Do you agree with them? Are you also in this school? Do you agree that the deadline is short and it should be extended?  Check the past advices that the person has given you, whether the person means well or does not mean well. On the first value, it could sound good. I know one of my friends that would advise, don't worry about picking a form and they later discovered that they didn't want him to contest. They didn't mean well. They didn't support him, but they told him not to pick the form. So when IMF and the World Bank they advise you, great. Number one is that how much do they understand your system? Nigeria is a very peculiar country, absolutely peculiar. Number two, what is their larger intention? Have they shown good will towards you over the years? Or are they giving you loans on terms and conditions that will enslave you on the long run and they don't advise you on how to get out, but they advise you on how to take it and sink yourself deeper. I think that the time has come where mature enough as Nigerians to sit down and look at our policies and be able to examine who our friends are, have governments that make sense, that work, and not all these people that cannot think outside the box and all they want to do is borrow, borrow, borrow, borrow, borrow. I think the time has come for Nigerians to really sit down and profile all these people that want to be our president and hear what they've got to say is unfortunately a few minutes or a few days left, but it's never too late for us to sit down and think of the larger interests of the country then for me what do I think is the best thing to do? Central Bank, your reputation is at stake. How much money have you sent out? If you do not have enough money to make sure that these little things go that extended, a week can do you know Ham, a week is not yet election and it can do you a lot of good. Let them follow this little window of a few days that the Supreme Court has granted, the first little window so that on the 15th, don't try to bring it forward, just buy that little time, on the 15th, now tell yourself Central Bank between now and 15th, do a kind of human's job, whatever it takes, move money into the system, unleash all your people to go ahead and make sure that the monies are there at the POS so that by the 15th, when you go before the Supreme Court, the answer has given itself out. Money is there for the people, people are relaxed, so why do we need to change it, things are fine, so let's move on. Generality of Nigerians are in support of this policy, we are sick and tired of people who think that they can only manipulate us through vote buying. Something must be done to them to stop it, we cannot allow this policy to extend into elections, it will not happen, I can tell you it will not happen. Anybody who wants to buy votes should now think Nigerians start to ask them to give you new notes. Do you understand me? Well, what is actually playing out, what seems to be is that if the CBN had come up with this policy, the new notes have been chunked out, maybe a certain amount, I mean I can't come up with the exact statistics that were sent across different commercial banks. But the report is that if these new notes were chunked into the system, that should be sufficient for the people, then you have those who are in the commercial banks have gotten in bed with the elites, the politicians, and have given this money in the old car, so people are also hoarding the new notes, they have those who have the might, the powers, the connection and whatever you have taken these notes and have kept it and that's why you don't seem to even have it any longer. So it's a lot. What's the guarantee that if the more currency we have new notes chunked into the system by the CBN that it would be sufficient, that you wouldn't have those people who have the might and what it takes to take this money and keep it just as they've been withholding the old note. So it's a lot of conversation but just before we move away from this, I say this is very deep because the federal government already is challenging the suit. The federal government has made a request via the attorney general of the Federation, Abu Bakr Malami, asking the apex court to dismiss the suit that was filed by these three not-in-governors saying that they lack jurisdiction in the case. It's not, I mean the Supreme Court lacks jurisdiction. This is the position of the federal government. Where does this leave Nigerians? Look, before I get to that, let me say something that I've always said. Between the politicians, the civil servants and the banks, I think Nigeria's enemy number one is not the politician, is not the civil servant, is the bank. But the banks are not spirits, they are Nigerians. No, no, no. I know why I'm saying that all of them are Nigerians. All our institutions are Nigerians. Whether politicians are Nigerians or civil servants are Nigerians. Whether they are bankers or Nigerians. I'm talking into the categories. The central bank, I don't know to what extent it's complicit in what's going on. But I think that the banks need to really sit down as themselves, whether they really mean well for this country or their bottom line is all they care. And unfortunately, those banks are owned by the politicians and the big people. So the interests of the common man is not factored in. Government should be that person that should be the guardian of the interests of the common man. But unfortunately, again, government is being hijacked by the same people. So the time has gone for the common man to really sit and think. Now that the power is trying to come into their hands and let them look for those for whom service is the essence for seeking public office. This is very important. And the only man that can serve the common man is the common man himself. Let him not buy into the hands of this. I better get this one because for years I won't see them. These politicians have planted that mentality. Don't buy it. Don't buy it. Insist. Wake up. Think. And I want all of you listening to me, apart from, I mean, thanks to your studio for doing this. Everybody wake up and be proactive in, you know, I don't want to do all this analysis. Central Bank says this. Malami says that. And the court says that. All those are the bottom line is that we're having election next few days. Let everybody wake up and smell the coffee. These people cannot save you. Every single voter wake up and look for that person that you know whether it's from a small party or not. It doesn't matter. Wake up and support that person that you know understands service. You know them. Most of them are residents in small parties. Go to them. Support them. Support the president's policy to go cashless so that on that day they don't have enough money to give you crumbs for two days and then deal with you for four years. Ezekiel, that's also not, you know, that's very valid.  You cannot be ignored. You're, I mean, the position that you have raised. Well, we also cannot also ignore the fact that when you have two elephants, I mean, it's just a popular saying. There's a proverb that has been said that when you have two elephants fighting, the grass suffers. And if you look at it, literally, that's the case. So now you have the Supreme Court ruling. Oh, no, it's not the case. So now that the federal government is challenging this and saying that the Supreme Court, I'm asking, what does this mean for Nigeria? The federal government is challenging, you know, through the attorney general of the federation, challenging this ruling. And also the fact that, you know, this governor said approach them and saying that the Supreme Court lacks jurisdiction. What does this really mean? Are we going to continue to spend the money? What exactly is going to happen? Are we going to have an extension? We haven't had anything from the CBN. We live in a country of laws. We live in a country of laws and we must abide by the law. The Supreme Court is a law institution. They have said maintain this present system till the 15th when you come for us to discuss. I think the federal government between 10 and 15 is five days. The federal government should not oppose that to avoid anarchy. If anything, I think the Supreme Court has given you five days for you to throw the backdoor, help yourself. So use these five days, pump in money to the system, supervise to make sure it gets to the right people. And then when you go on the 15th, you would have already resolved the issue and to be a non-issue and then you can move on. All right. We still have a few more minutes before top of the hour. Let's run through this particular one. It's on the punch newspaper. Ainek appeals Oshun poll judgment and defends a delicacy victory. Ezeko, what are your thoughts on this? The very first thing is I want to comment on Ainek. I followed the Oshun polls issue very, very keenly. And the issues involved have tried very hard to make people lose confidence in the beavers. But from the point of Ainek, this case is going to reinforce, you know, people's confidence in the beavers. Because when you look at what is in the beavers, you will see that it is consistent with the winning of Mr. Adeleke. Okay. So let Ainek appeal, let Ainek use it as an opportunity to show that the beavers did the work as was expected to be done. That the person that hurriedly brought up the result while beavers was still uploading, it means that we, the politicians, since whatever beavers uploaded has already been pasted. For instance, in a crime of am contesting. Now, whatever comes out on the portal has to be what was pasted on the wall. I have my people in every polling unit. They are sending me the result from every polling unit, which is what the beavers will send eventually.  But what is pasted on the wall is the final result that you get. So let Nigerians be rest assured that the result at the polling unit is what is going to announce the winners of every election. And that sounds like good news to me. If you want to win, go to your polling unit and win the numbers at your polling unit. That is true democracy. Don't want to win through the court because when they eventually bring the primary source, which is the beavers, you will see that it has polling unit results. Nobody can take one vote of mine in a crime bomb state. Nobody, not even the chairman of INEC. Nobody can. So please, don't bother yourself.  Once the results are pasted, make sure it is exactly what was on the beavers or the beavers takes the picture of this exact one that is being pasted and then let your situation room get all the polling unit results, tabulate it, whatever happens, it can never change. All these ones about technology, no technology. INEC has done something fantastic by having beavers as the primary source. And I am happy that they've appealed it. And when they go on appeal, they are going to show that the primary source agrees with what they declared and that there's no discrepancy that the beavers did his job. That is going to reinforce the confidence of Nigerians on the beavers. And that sounds like good news from a far country to me. Okay. And another one, which should sound like an excitement for us and good news. I really don't know if you would say that's good news for you as the Nigerian Air, the Minister of Aviation is saying that the Nigerian Air would begin operation in no time as we're very close to the processes. I mean, we have crossed the T's and dots the I's. We're just at the verge where it will fight. This aircraft are already, according to the minister now, we have this aircraft already underpainted in our collars. So Ezeko, I see that you are smiling. I'm sure that you are happy about this and you look forward to having the Nigerian Air flying across. You see, I don't want to be a pessimist that says, excuse me, I've heard that before, time and time again. I'd rather say amen. The Bible says a man is ensnared by the words of his mouth. So I believe we have the Nigerian Air only that I've not been able to see the details of its configuration and its modus operandi to know whether it is going to be sustainable or not. Those details are lost on me.  And you can see that it's run professionally. Then we are going to have an advantage in the sense that, you know, we have something that is going to have a lot more capacity. But if it's what the government used to take care of its boys and all those things, then it's going to be called come easy, go easy. And I don't know what to say. But I would rather say that it would be a good thing, just like we have ebom air, which is doing well. I would say that it's nice to have a Nigerian air. That's what I've grown to know. And that's what other countries have. But let it be run with the business acumen of the times with a PPP arrangement that is sustainable and makes sense. And let them get into hands that already have tested track record on how these things can be done.  They can be able to take off certain things concerning students. The government can afford to say, because this is our own, we are giving subsidy of sorts to say, if you are a student, you can have 25% repaid. Or if you are an elderly and there's evidence from your goodness card or national ID that you are above 65, you can have 10% repaid. Or if you are a civil servant, you can have this or you can buy a ticket in advance paid based on your salary. They can come up with a lot of sweeteners because they are in primary custody of the back end. If that is the case, it will be good news for Nigeria. Let it not be like another oil business where we produce oil and yet we pay higher than others. I think it would be a good thing if they have great advisors telling them what to do per time. Ziko, we have to let it go at this point. Thank you so much for joining us on the breakfast and off the press. We appreciate you and wish you the very best. God bless you. It's always a pleasure. Alright Dan, Ziko Yatuk is an architect right there and he joined us this morning on the shore to show his thoughts on some national issues. Tomorrow would return. We'll have great headlines and great insight as well. We'll take a break when we return and we'll be looking at the issue of fuel importation policy. However, the outgoing Labour president, Yuba Wabbe, has said that Nigeria should be considering non-importation of petrol rather than price reduction and that would be the crux of our conversation. Please stay with us.


Ladies and gentlemen, I'm very delighted to be here. The opportunity to be part of the winning competition by the leadership of our community. I think that there are a lot of things that are important in the book. This is the book, and we heard about continuing competition today. The world that immerse in the vicinity of the certainty, complexity, ambiguity. It's actually one of the normal circumstances. It's a challenge. For the ever-evolving choice of challenges that we have today, I'm going to give you more about it. I must say that there are many books and many ideas of leadership. One reason why I think this book winning leadership is unique is that it draws on the best colors in the world. Leaders of advanced leadership agencies, C-suite leaders, or some other organizations and institutions, most importantly, in general, also draw on the unique web of experience in all combat and successful administrative experience, look at it with an idea. I'm the service of the United Nations, and I was, and heard about leadership. Leadership has, of course, been critical throughout all this time. Well, the events which have shaped the globe in recent times have shown us how critical leadership is, especially at the time. So, for example, one of the biggest surprises for men, even myself, was from some of the well-earned and well-developed economies in the world, who are tragically on the back to handle the public health crisis on the scale and concept of global management, the lack of hydrogen on the back. Whereas some of these with more tests and more people around us, we're created by the public health framework that was the most productive. And this is leadership and crisis. Nigeria's COVID-19 response, or our COVID-19 response, for example, has been so critical to look again at the matter. The sentiment of the presidential, of the presidential opinion, of the presidential task force of COVID-19, and inter-ministerial agency, led by the SGF and the central government, which coordinated the natural response, set the rules, drifted the leadership in the aim of the response. The task force we've issued and enforced public protocols for travel like general public, we respect their travel into Nigeria before most holy city countries did, or before they even grew up in Nigeria. Once the first case was discovered in Alberta, the African Center for Excellence for Genomic Effectual Disease led to giving Africa's first genomic sequence for the coronavirus vaccine. Many people did not even know the existence of this genomic center in Oshun City. But the weather was to give the genomic sequence for the coronavirus vaccine, for the coronavirus. When the first dose of the vaccine came, the task force developed protocols and the public health system to really use the mass vaccination campaigns to deploy that process to the country. There are people who come from anywhere. So now the first eligible vaccine candidates receive their vaccination. So as a general, I can't imagine this in winning the leadership. The leadership has to be knowledge, has to be agile, and has to be responsive at the moment when it is required to be responsive. And has to be able to mobilize the resources to identify actual material. And has to make sure of organizations in a reasonable way to remind them. So such leadership is able to attain the goals and visions, and also able to protect the whole interests of their communities. In other words, the effective strategic leadership purposefully provides correction and advice. I think that one of the things that the book shows is that the challenging and opportunities of the coming years will even be more nuanced and will fall for imagination and the fall for character or vision and effective implementation. The world has changed. The strategies and techniques of yesterday were not what they were. Either the public were flexed or the institutions were unionized, and this is thanks in no small measure to the links that have been made in technological advancement. The idea of a social union has completely changed the nature of human interactions. And with that, has added layers of opportunity and complexity. So in state corporate terms, there are more opportunities, more layers of complexity. In terms of human culture, what drives today's workforce is completely different from just two decades ago. Two decades ago, usually there would be a boy who had come to London or dropped him. These days, those workforce are being necessarily as ready-going as you, as providing opportunities for your people. Young people are being responsible if they are multi-tasking and investing in the workforce. And they are helping us and getting well. They are helping us already doing the things that we used to do. And as a nation, what drives your corporate systems today is that one of the thoughts is that we don't really have a social union and that it will require all these types of and how do we know of the type of paradigms that must be on our situation. Isn't this part of the idea that those spirituals are being taken seriously? As I pointed out, except in other areas of the world, there are conducts of individual efforts in strengthening and improving. These are the world that is coming in out of specialization in our national system. The times where we live in a challenge in this space demand new paradigms in leadership and the hope of us in multiple pathways and I would get the point that we don't close off these different projects of the orientation of the elites in any society. Leaders are elite in any society. They are there of course as far as political, religious, ethnic and corporate leaders. The elite, if you will be able to do that, are usually responsible for failure or success. If the elite is selfish and self-seeking, a society you know may have if they recognize that their role imposes a huge burden of responsibility, then a society is no longer our own. So we in a multi-ethnic, multi-religious society need to be responsible for this building that we need to be responsible religiously. Now those who are protected destroy the unity of the country so that they can be held by their communities. A religious leader who preaches that we should hate other religious is not relevant today and I'm the pastor. But I know that God loves Muslims. He says so himself and even those who say that God doesn't exist not still loves them even though they say he loves them. He still loves them. So I must not discriminate against people of another faith and I must not discriminate against them. A constitution says there is no question that constitution any religious leader on this who says that another religion of another religion is not relevant to our statuses today and that is the same for other religious and political leaders who doesn't recognize that you are a multi-athlete society any other religious leader who doesn't recognize that you are a multi-athlete society and that you cannot function you cannot function because what does it do? You go to everyone and you say that is the elite that you show that you are a Christian if you have a great religious power of children and all the time you will find that you will tell them oh, I have it up on that it is because of the out-of-the-world of all other religions but trust me I have started this because every time again when you charge people of another from Nigeria you will find equalization on that same question because almost you can state that you will find equalization in this state so anyone of these religious leaders is this or that it is convenient for them to use it it is only convenient for them to use it when somebody says to you you have been discriminated against all you say is I want you to do it I don't want to do it that's what they say there is no equalization and I think it was none of it was it was it was equalization and real equalization all the other leaders and leaders down to difficult things I simply recognize a strong society they have an act of society I think it was the CEO and other the other guy society is a big society I know it's all everybody the reason why so many of these because it has come with the needs of everybody of all we shouldn't be talking about dividing when the rest of the world is taking how can we come together to destroy them but to be more effective so as I mentioned in the forward of the book as I said military strategies are fresh thinking on the concept of strategy leadership and I think it's really compulsory to rethink leadership when in leadership it's like a central conclusion to the existing world of knowledge of the subject of strategy leadership and I think that it certainly was the entire act and took my time to read it and write it for me and I think that the point was to take a good look at it and therefore who are relevant to the policy thank you very much


In this video, we'll be looking at two search techniques, truncation and phrase searching. Often, the keywords we use in searches have multiple closely related words that are derivatives of the same root word. For instance, we might search the word ethics, and the database will return results including that word. However, it may not return results including other words that share the same root, such as ethic, ethical, ethically, and ethicality. It would be helpful to be able to search for all of these terms simultaneously to ensure that we're not missing a relevant result simply because it used a different derivative. Truncation allows us to do just that by placing an asterisk in our search term at the point after which the derivatives differ in lettering. In the case of ethics, we would place the asterisk immediately following the C. In the case of Canada, we would place it immediately following the D so that we also capture Canadian and Canadians. If we place the asterisk too late in the word, we will miss relevant words that share the same root. If we place it too early, we might catch too many irrelevant words and will have to sift through many unhelpful results. So be careful when choosing where to put the asterisk. Unfortunately, there are some keywords that don't lend themselves well to truncation. For example, to catch policy, policies, and perhaps policy makers, you might run a search for P-O-L-I-C asterisk. This will indeed catch all of those terms, but it will also catch police and policing. Even worse is swimming. As to capture swim, swam, and swam, we need to sit the asterisk after the W and then the database would return results including any word that begins with SW. In these situations, it can be better to list the related words you'd like to search and link them with the Boolean operator or covered in another video. While truncation will expand your results set, phrase searching will reduce it. Sometimes the search terms we use comprise multiple words. For example, we might run a search for First Nations. But most databases will read this as First and Nations. They will return results that include both words, but they might not occur together. Clearly, this could net us a lot of irrelevant results. Fortunately, we can use a phrase search to remedy this problem. Enclose the words in quotation marks and the database will only return results including those words together in that order. Phrase searching is particularly useful when the words refer to a single concept as in First Nations, Social Media, British Columbia, Carbon Dioxide, or Alberta Health Services. Phrases like effects of vaping or benefits of a university education aren't great phrase searches as researchers could reference these ideas using different combinations of words or ordering the words differently. Phrase searching and truncation are relatively simple and effective techniques you can use to find what you need more efficiently. Keep in mind, though, that you typically can't use truncation within a phrase search.