Well, let's talk about how reproduction works at a cellular level. What I mean to say is if an organism wants to reproduce, basically it has to make new cells because all living things are made of cells, right? But the question is if a human beings make new cells while reproducing, how does it grow into a new human being itself and not say a cat? When monkeys make new cells while reproducing, how does it grow into a monkey and not cat? So that's the basic question we're going to try and figure out in this video. All right, so how do we do it? Well, the answer lies in a molecule called the DNA. It's a very famous molecule. You may have already heard about it. And if you're wondering what's the full form of this DNA, well, it stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. So it's basically a molecule, a long, long molecule. Now, since we don't want to worry too much about its chemical structure and composition, let me hide this. We don't have to worry too much about its chemistry part. But let's try and understand how DNA helps, you know, how DNA helps in reproduction. Let's talk about that. So first, let's start with where do we find DNA? Well, if we take any animal cell, let's say this is a typical animal cell, it will find all its parts like the mitochondria, the ectoplasmic reticulum, the cytoplasm and all that stuff. You'll have the nucleus and if you look inside the nucleus, that's where you'll find these long, highly-coiled, thread-like structure. And if you're zooming to that, you will see that it's actually made up of two strands wound together like this. We call it the double helix. And this is your DNA. And guess what? It's the DNA which contains the blueprint to build the entire body, which means all the instructions necessary to build a specific body is found in the DNA itself. So the human DNA, for example, if you look at a human cell, it'll contain the human DNA. It'll have the information of how to build a human body. Monkey DNA will have the information to build a monkey body. Dog DNA will have the information to build a dog body and so on and so forth. So basically, when we reproduce, the cells are using the information from the DNA to build the right body. And that's why when humans reproduce, we will make new humans itself. And when dogs reproduce, they will make new dogs itself and not cats. Now of course, you may be very curious to learn how does this whole thing work out? Like what kind of information is present on the DNA and how is it that that information is used by the cells to build the body of the organism? Now, that's something that we'll not talk about in great detail. But let me just try and give you an overview. So let me get rid of these pictures. So to give you an overview, DNA contains information or, let me write the last recipe. DNA contains the recipe to build something called proteins. Proteins, what are proteins? Proteins are again just molecules, molecules which are super essential to build any living body. Okay, for example, you might know that proteins are essential to building muscles. So the thing about proteins is that there are various kinds.  If you want to build a cat body, you need a different set of proteins. And therefore, a human DNA will contain recipe to build the proteins required for the human body. So the cat DNA will contain the recipe to build proteins for a cat body. That's basically how DNA helps the cells in building the proteins required for a particular body and eventually by building more and more proteins that entire body can be built. And just one small side note. The DNA is very, very long. And so it's usually coiled. It has many, many, many, many coils so that it can fit inside the nucleus of the cell. And this coiled version of the DNA is what we call the chromosomes. Okay, again, I'm not gonna write down this word chromosome because we'll talk about them in great detail in other videos. So just remember that a coiled version of DNA is what chromosomes basically are. Because you'll keep hearing this term called chromosomes, okay? Anyways, now the question is, what does this all mean for reproduction? So like we said, in reproduction, the cells need to be able to make a copy of itself, right? And now we know that DNA is super important. This means in order to successfully able to reproduce, the cell needs to be able to make a copy of its DNA. That is the most important thing for reproduction. So let me just write that down. So for reproduction or to reproduce, for reproduction, what is needed? What is the most important thing needed at the cellular level? The DNA should be able to make a copy of itself. So I'm just gonna write the DNA copy. So the way it works is, let me just draw another cell over here. When this cell is ready to make a copy of itself, its DNA will first make a copy. It has the machinery, the cell contains the machinery to make copies of DNA. So the DNA will make a copy of itself. Then all these other organelles will also make a copy of themselves. And once all the copies are made, the cell will then split into two new cells. Each one containing the same DNA. And then that cell can further split into many, many, two more cells. And this can split into two more cells. And that's how more and more and more and more and more cells can be made. And eventually, using the information from the DNA, proteins can be made. And eventually, this whole single cell can has the ability to grow into an organism, depending upon what kind of DNA is present inside of it. And finally, based on how the DNA is formed in the offsprings during reproduction, we can classify reproduction into two kinds. We have something called as asexual reproduction.  Again, just to give you an overview, because we'll talk about them in great detail in the future videos. Just to give you an overview, asexual reproduction happens from just one parent. This reproduction is just one parent. And so in this case, you'll find that the DNA of the cells of the offspring or the child will be identical to the DNA of the parent. Because they have identical DNAs, the offspring will grow into a new individual which will look exactly the same as that of the parent. And as a result in asexual reproduction, we'll find that the offsprings are clones of the parent. That's what we will say over here. Offsprings are clones of the parents because the cells of the offsprings and the cells of the parent have the same DNA. Okay. In contrast, if you look at sexual reproduction, what we will find now is that there are two parents involved in reproduction. Like in human beings, a male and a female. So opposite sexes, two parents of opposite sexes, male and female. So over here, what happens is the DNA of the male and the female combine together to form a new cell. So the new cell formed during reproduction will have a combination of the male and the female DNA. And as a result, when that grows into a new individual being, new organism, it will not be identical to either of the parents. You understand why? Because the DNA is not the same as the male, neither the male nor the female. It's a combination. And that's why they will look similar to the parents, of course, but they will not be exact clones. And since humans undergo sexual reproduction, we can see this in ourselves. You and I, we look similar to our parents. We have characteristics similar to our parents, but we don't look like clones of our parents at all. And so over here, here we will see that the offspring are similar, but definitely not clones. Now, of course, at this point, you may be having a lot of questions. You might, you might ask, like, what do we mean by DNA gets combined? What is the meaning of that? How does it happen? And why does it even happen? Why do we even need sexual mode of reproduction? Why go through all that trouble? Well, we'll talk about, you know, we'll talk about them in great detail, of course, in the future videos. But that's it for this video. So let's quickly summarize. What did we learn? We learned that the DNA is the blueprint to building any organism, whether it is humans or cats or dogs, any species you want. The information to building the body is contained in the DNA. Where do you find the DNA? DNA is found in the nucleus. It's highly coiled inside the nucleus, and that coiled version of DNA is what we call the chromosomes. And what does a DNA do? DNA basically contains recipes to build proteins. Different DNA will have different recipes to create different proteins, which will create different structures, meaning different organisms. And so for reproduction, it's super important that DNA is able to make a copy of itself. So every time we want to reproduce, the DNA makes a copy of itself. And so every time a cell needs to make a copy of itself, the DNA first has to make a copy of itself, and then all the other organelles make a copy of itself, and that's how we will get new copies of cells. And then finally, if we have just one parent involved in reproduction, we will say it's an asexual reproduction, where the offsprings are clones of the parents because they have the exact same DNA as that of the parent. And if we have two parents involved in reproduction, we call sexual reproduction. Over here, the offsprings are not clones. They look similar, but not exactly the same because their DNA is a combination of the DNA of the father and the mother.


It is great to be back. This is the second module and in this module we would focus on writers and writing. In the first module we had talked about writing as a very important part of any creative process because it is a kind of culmination which clarifies the process whatever your creative focus may be. It may be on sports or it may be on science, technology, design, painting. So that was a sort of overall general view. In the second module we will begin to look at writers and writings in greater detail. This lecture is titled Writers and Writing and the module is titled to be a writer. Now we have structured this first lecture in a sort of manner that it lends better understanding to not only writing in terms of you know professional writing but also how we can institutionalize it. This was a concern that we had voiced in the first lecture also. So now this section is actually organized in a certain way and I think I would like to explain this to you. We have divided this particular lecture in three parts. The first part is open-ended and we deal with number of perceptions that you may have of writers and writing, we look at changing fluid aspects of writing, we look at mythic as well as historical illusions and we look at cinematic representations of writers. The purpose of this is to really get you to think about writing and its cultural significance. We assume diversity of viewpoints, we assume diversity of reading backgrounds and writing aspirations. So with all that in mind, this particular part one is meant to really provoke certain open-ended kind of response to what it means to be a writer. The second part deals with unraveling hidden dimensions. In this part the creative writing teachers, pedagogic and creative intent is unraveled. And in the third part we bring you and the teacher together in some kind of a dialogue within the classroom. Now even traditional classroom really demands dialogue and in that sense we really carry over from the traditional classroom and we are actually interested in placing creative writing classrooms in relationship to what you have already learned or the manner in which you already learn to read literature, to think about literature and to raise questions about various definitions of literature. But in addition to that we would really like to develop a certain special position or certain orientation that creative writing teaching and learning requires. So this is the way the lecture is structured starting with general floating perceptions to the teacher's own point of view and then the ensuing classroom dialogue ideally which should help each one of you discover your hidden talent. So now we will start with the open-ended queries. So the first question that I like you to think about is really linked to why you want to write. This is again in some ways close to the spirit of autotelic activity which in order to discover your autotelic drives or your inner drives is very, very important to introspect to ask as many questions as you can so that you can really stay in tune with your inner voices. So why do you want to write? It may not be possible to answer it in simple ways nor do we have a set you know way of expecting answers but basically this is again a process of self-discovery that may be necessary as you write. It may keep changing also your definition may keep changing. What in your opinion is the writer's vocation? So again we assume varied exposure to reading and social or framework and to cultural issues and in that sense you may have your own opinion of what the writer's vocation is. A writer may or may not agree with your definition but what is your sense of a writer's vocation? Does any particular writer come to mind when you think about the writer's vocation? So again this happens you know we live in a very imagistic culture. So it may happen that you have certain set of people who immediately inspire you or they come to your mind when you think about the writer's vocation and they may bring a whole set of values and methodologies that you may associate with the writer's vocation. Do you think of the writer as a male, female or androgynous figure? Now if I were to really go in the confessional mode I may quite be willing to share this great surprise in my mind when I often find that the women learners when one teaches these courses they often have a gendered view where they do not really necessarily place themselves at the center or a woman at the center of the writing process. They often seem to place the male as the writer. Mr. Naipol may like that idea but I think we need to look at it much more critically. So then these are the set of questions then some others have been added. So you often hear the term poetic license when you talk about writers or poets. The term poet you will use as a synonym of writer and in that sense you often hear the term poetic license. What does the term poetic license evoke in your mind? What do you think about the widely quoted sentiment the pen is mightier than the sword? How has writing changed in the context of the internet and communication technologies? Do you think cyborgs can create new writings? Now it is quite possible that some of the words and terms that we are using in this set of questions may not be familiar or they may not be accessible to you. We would like you to work on these words, figure out their meaning and figure out your response. Again you may like some questions you may not like some other questions but the idea is to provoke some kind of discussion on what it means to be a writer. We thought that it may be a good idea to also dip into many images and many associations many allusions which means references that circulate in our cultural context. So I picked up a few that certainly seem very intriguing and powerful and yet I really do not have an answer for the power and the ideas and the metaphors that they evoke. But then the most widely known I think allusion here is to Ganapati as a scribe and the split between Ganapati as a scribe and Vedya as the creator of Mahabharat. So how do you respond to this mythic legend associated with the writing process? Very very interesting ideas come to my mind but I will share it after you are through with this activity and I do not know when that will happen. The legend of course if you are not familiar with it it goes that Vedya has conceived the epic Mahabharat but he needed a scribe. Brahma recommended Ganapati because of his superior intellect. Ganapati agreed to be his scribe on the condition that his pen must not stop while taking dictation. Vedya accepted this condition by demanding that Ganapati should write only after grasping the meaning of the dictated words. Very clever you know on both sides this dialogic process and yeah. So the book was written finally on the barks of trees with a feather for a pen. So see what you feel about this allusion. The second one that comes to my mind and of course I have slightly modified my own sense of connection because that is the way it evokes a response in my mind and that is related to the Eklavya tale where Eklavya's thumb is you know sought as Guru Dakshina by Dronacharya and this affected his skills in archery and in our in my interpretation also the ability to write. So again the Eklavya myth and certain kind of aggression in withholding the possibility to write that is the way I read it. You can read it in your own ways. The third is very interesting really and this refers to a historical situation. As I said there are these varied delusions that we have deboned into and they not really artificially but they are the ones that have been circulating in one's mind. So this one is related to the Buddhist theories who sang songs of liberation in Pali in the 6th century BC in India and these were published in the earliest known anthology of women's literature called Therigatha in 80 BC. And of course if you are not familiar with this illusion the song is given and the source also is given towards the end. This is from a very important milestone in women's writing you know edited by Susi Tharu and Laditha. So we mentioned it towards the end. So this is how the song goes. So free am I. It is called Mutta. So free am I. So gloriously free. Free from three petty things from Mutta, from Pestle and from my twisted lord. Freed from rebirth and death I am and all that has held me down is hurled away. So this is another illusion for you to think about. Well it is really quite nice to be able to dip into the cinematic representation because we are such a cinema oriented people. We love cinema and we also love the performing arts and therefore I think right now we would look at two very contrasting images of the writer one which refers to which is projected in Guru Dutt's Pyaasa which was released in 1957 and the other one will be Bakhwan which was released in 2003. In Guru Dutt's Pyaasa the writer is shown as an idealistic honest person, Vijay the protagonist is a struggling poet who is wrong by the people and also the economic system that has dehumanized most relationships. So this overlap between the economic system that requires certain kind of dehumanization and also the relationships that really only work around economic survival. So this is how he has sort of projected the protagonist who is a struggling poet and in that frame of reference instead of going over the film I am sure you can dip into it you can also go into YouTube and immediately dip into this song it is one of the most memorable scenes from Indian cinema. So in this enactment which is titled the Poet who at this point is also the singer he presents his anger against the failures of society he lashes out and he also shares his agony with the audience by you know using very powerful and searing terms like you know this is the kind of society where if I were to use the words from this very famous lyric from Sahir Ludhianvi, insan ki dusman ravazo ki duniya murda farishto ki duniya and you know he kind of keeps this attack on the social system very sharp and finally the audience of course keeps responding the audience responses very mobile it keeps showing the response to each word each term and at the end of it all however he is brutally removed from the scene. Now this was a very very romantic view of the writer who is a truth seeker and in that sense I have described this here as a vocation of the writer is born out of suffering this seems to be the world view that is presented in this very famous film a pyaasa where pyaasa is also a metaphor of a human being who is thirsty for love thirsty for meaning thirsty for creativity. So you know it is a vocation born out of suffering it is not seen as socially or economically valuable by people who surround the writer in his personal dealings and also the writer is seen as a seeker of unalloyed truth and he or in this case it is he I cannot think of a woman writer who is projected like this but he remains on the margins of society the corresponding female figure in the film is Gulabo who also remains on the margins of society. So this is one very powerful view of the writer as a being who is in search of unalloyed truth and writing is a means of finding that truth and to also if not the truth then to be able to narrate one's understanding of what is going wrong with society at large. So very powerful film and very powerful metaphor very powerful point of view as opposed to that I suppose there is another kind of point of view which of course may also be part of the changing national discourse. So quite evidently from the period of Gurudat to Ravichopra in 2003 this is the ethos of liberalization and there is a very contrasting view of the writer in Bahban I picked it up because it had left a mark both these films had left a mark and I am sure many scholars would also agree with me that it is interesting to talk about these images that circulate. Now the protagonist in this film his writing is born out of personal suffering in a somewhat reactive mode. It is a way of avenging one's lost place in the familial social setup. The theme of writing or that is the vocation of writing is glamorized by talking about only the end product that is the book although there is talk about the suffering that caused the writing of the book but the focus finally is very on the book and the triumphant quality of that book and the money that it fetched. So again this is a very different kind of feeling or different kind of image and sense of possibilities that this film also evokes. The protagonist Raj Malhotra begins to write after retirement so he is unlike the first writer in the writer in Pyaasa his vocation is not really writing but he begins to write after retirement to deal with the humiliation meted out by his four sons. The book is titled Bhakhban the gardener and it is the father, the nurturer the book is titled Bhakhban and it extend the same narrative the life narrative into the narrative in the shape of a book. So the book restores the writer's paternal pride and self-respect and the book that he finally publishes it goes on to become a bestseller earning him hefty sums in the booker prize. In the award ceremony in the film he says I am not a writer I have only written what life has taught me. So this is another take on writing and an interesting one and you can see what you feel about it. Of course you know these are images ideas etcetera that circulate and I think I would finally also like to place the writing teacher so to say in the framework of our dialogue because very often the question is why does one want to teach writing. One can teach traditional literature courses they are also very satisfying but why is it that one feels this strong urge to create another kind of space and also you know teach writing. I suppose certain bit of unravelling of hidden dimensions will help us in establishing better understanding of both sides very often I do not feel that the students really see the teacher as a person who is trying to aspire to create something on his or her own. Because in the traditional literature courses you usually teach canonized writing or even if you teach writing which is on the margins in some ways you are playing an oppositional social cultural role but you do not invest your own presence in that to the extent that you would do while teaching writing. So there are couple of ideas I would like to share with you perhaps it may be quite alright to sort of mention that many teachers of writing consider the classroom as the teachers at earlier that is like an artist's studio or a workshop it is a kind of a space for sharing new ideas about writing and the writing process. So you of course are focused on the students but you are also using this opportunity to choose ideas and eclectically and also to share them with young people and also in some ways your own writerly concerns are shared explicitly or implicitly it depends on the kind of dialogue that is possible in a group it is not always possible to foreground one's presence and writing in such a direct way. So it often depends on the nature of the dialogue which emerges but at the same time this is a kind of hidden dimension which animates the teaching process. I would share a few things about this in a little while. Here are some of the samples of my writing. Rashmi Chaudhary herself a Hindi writer and a doctoral student in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences will read Dange ke baad. Navneetha Talwar is an excerpt from the play A Dream in Three Acts which in the introduction to the play has been described as an attempt to reconcile multiple voices and languages that coexist within the writer. In act one in a dream like encounter Navneetha the protagonist is seen in conversation with Simone de Beauvoir. Navneetha looks up to Beauvoir as a source of inspiration in her search for her identity which also needs to confront the diversity and multilinguality of her own cultural experience. The rest of the play deals with this struggle and celebration of search. The scene descriptions within the dialogues have not been included for this reading though the introductory scene description will be read by Rashmi. The sequence has a dream like feel. The scene description has been read by Rashmi Chaudhary. The part of Navneetha been played by Shekha Lakhampaal and that of Simone de Beauvoir has been played by Smita Pendharkar. A dream in three acts. Act one, two women enter they are deeply engrossed in the conversation. One of them is Navneetha a young modern Indian woman dressed in a deep maroon muslin sari and an attractive woman blouse of the same color. She has a large red tikka on her forehead. The other woman is Simone de Beauvoir the French existential philosopher who is wearing an austere looking black frock and a black turban. Their dresses indicate not only the external cultural differences but also the way they relate to themselves. Beauvoir is older and more analytical. Navneetha is younger and more focused on sensory experience. My dear I am indeed pleased to meet you but I am a bit surprised by your choice of locale for this interview. Madame Beauvoir it is to have undisturbed time with you that I venture to suggest this location and as you know very well the forest holds great fascination for a woman. A sense of pre-sentiment and openness of sorts so I hope you don't mind this place. Many young women of my generation have been greatly influenced by your ideas. Could we sit down and talk? Are you talking about the second sex? The development of the male is comparatively simple. Woman's story is much more complex. From puberty to menopause woman is the theatre of the play that unfolds within her and in which she is not personally concerned. Our task is to discover how the nature of women has been affected throughout the course of history. We are concerned to find out what humanity has made of the human female. Yes Madame Beauvoir it is this very book and this very question that I am referring to. What humanity has made of the human female? Yes my dear, we will have to answer it for each of our cultures. How would you answer this question? Doughty deaths, amniocentesis, parda, have you heard of these? That's what the Indian woman is confronted with. A life within the four walls of the family. And yet personally when I am home with my family peace descends on me. I feel loved. The light of each morning fills me with gratitude. Why did you reject family and marriage as an alienating institution? Why did you want a life of isolation? Can I ask you a personal question? Why write the novel she came to stay if you did not want any commitment from Sartor? Why the agony over losing him to another woman? Madame Beauvoir what is our truth? One is not born but rather becomes a woman. It is civilization as a whole that produces this creature. Are we merely then the products of cultural osmosis? Can I ever view myself as I am or as I want to be? My thoughts flow. My tales are French. My landscape is French. He went out again and again I stayed a long while on the balcony. I watched an orange-red crane turning against the blue background of the sky. I watched a black insect that drew a broad foaming icy furrow across the heavens. The eternal youth of the world makes me feel breathless. Some things I have loved have vanished. A great many others have been given to me. Yesterday evening as I was going up the boulevard espaye and the sky was crimson, it seemed to me like I was walking upon an unknown planet where the grass might be violet, the earth blue. Now move on, I want to understand my reality through my own experience. Yes, we love, we agonize, we want bliss, happiness. The free woman is just being born. She will love more passionately, she will love more kindly, she will be happier. Thank you Rashmi, Neha, Shikha and Smita for your participation. It is indeed a privilege to have you over and really do this somewhat dramatized reading for the video course. Rashmi is a doctoral student in sociology, Neha you already know and she has background in literature and she is really committed to writing. Shikha is a student of M. Phil and she specializes in environmental concerns and planning. Smita on the other hand is focused on gender studies. So you can see that these are all diverse kind of backgrounds but all of them also are very interested, very keenly interested in the writing process and writing and finding their own sense of self. We will have them on board later on also. Now coming back to my own writing, while teaching the creativity and creative writing classes, I have actually rarely shared my own writing but my writerly concerns have enabled me to be sensitive to the questions students often ask. On the other hand in the western framework, specially in countries like the US, UK, Australia, Canada, writing classes are now routinely taught by published writers and in addition to that they often invite reputed writers in order to be you know writers in residence to add to the value of institutional effort. And I mention this because while teaching the creativity course in IIT Bombay, one had to steer the direction of this course amidst criticism oriented though contemporary humanities and social science courses and of course the engineering and science courses. It could thrive though in a limited way primarily because it provided targeted one semester coursework to those who wanted to explore this path. In other words, one still is at a level of trying to create new cultural space not only within just one course but hopefully in multiple ways so that creativity oriented and creative writing oriented concerns can be explored more actively within the institution. My own creative problems personally could not be woven into this effort because of this lack of earlier tradition of such an activity. For instance, my problem also is actually made complicated by the fact that I write in Hindi which is my mother tongue and sometimes I write in Hindi on you know without thinking about it like you saw this poem, you heard the poem Dange ke baad. He just came to me, occasionally my multilinguality has surfaced strongly so dream in three acts actually later on deals with that multilinguality and I have not been able to use code mixing because that multilinguality seems so rich and so powerful and infinitely more interesting so I really retained it by way of trying to see if one can find an audience for that kind of thought process and then sometimes without conscious planning my writing flows in English. So, it is very hard for me to really deal with these issues and also you know offer these problem areas to students who are also in the early stages of their search. But in any case for my own writing, I have let this happen naturally and published poems, short stories and a play a theme that has preoccupied me amongst many other concerns is related to something that we will explore in the course further. This is related to the vocation of the scientist, I have been very very interested in what it means to be a scientist in India, to do science in India, the definition of science in India and I have been trying to explore this from number of angles both analytical in my research work but also in terms of creative writing because I feel that there are layers about it that can only be captured in the kind of space that fiction provides. So, what I will also like to do as a concluding part of this you know unraveling process that I venture to share with you is to share my own notations in the kind of diaries that I have maintained regarding my writing. So, of course I feel that these ideas have been flowing within me you know unabated but now I need to really see how I can focus on them and give them proper shape. So, I really need to do that but I will read and show you the pages of my own diary. So, with reference to this theme of science I have a notation with a title of either a short story or a novel called the researcher in which I have noted down a statement for from Gombrow is the Polish writer modern writer who said the weight of our self depends on the size of the population of the planet. This particular statement by Gombrow is which I think I read while you know and looking at Kundera's own writing and essays it is simmered within me and I have another notation on the same page which says Simhas Tamela the researcher's dream the film and then later on at some other point in time I have this other notation in my diary as you know with another title called the expansion of species and I have this notation which I will read verbatim about an Indian scientist who works on population control a modern man's fear of population explosion personal history of excessively large family research work a quest and a reaction the milling crowds the repressed sobs the cry of the unborn kumbh scenario seen as a child the quiet lab silence of the womb the scientist playing God a kind of nobility turning to evil and that's the notation so I think I have shared my own personal you know journey with you in a very limited way and I am sure this kind of sharing when it occurs on both sides it gives greater degree of understanding of each other's choices and also the kind of world view that we construct for ourselves. Now based on your own desire to write your own perception of what writing as a vocation means the teacher and you they you establish dialogue with each other the dialogue is not a very very simple process but I think it has to be active on both sides the teacher should be a learner and the student should also be a teacher and these two elements should coexist within the same person we have talked about it in the first module as well. Now let us look at some specific kind of predilections of the writer while we bring writing into the classroom there are certain issues that we need to talk about writers have always existed everywhere in the world and nobody is going to stop anybody from writing but when we will begin to talk about institutionalization of writing that is bring writerly concerns to the classroom because you are also helping train people to look at the writer's vocation as a potential future vocation for them then I think some things need to be articulated. So three ideas have been singled out to establish dialogue between students and teacher. So with reference to writer's vocation isolation and or interaction we need to talk about the significance of both. We need to look at this metaphor of the Garrett versus the ivory tower we can also look at two writers and some certain kind of metaphoric significance that they evoke that is Kafka and or Camus. So let us see how we can develop this discussion. Now in terms of isolation and or interaction isolation can mean many things but at this point we are emphasizing the space and solitude necessary for writing and this is based on this very famous book that Virginia Woolf wrote where she talked about the necessity and the significance of a room of one's own in order to be able to write. There is a kind of independence, there is a kind of autonomy, there is a kind of space either mental or physical that is necessary in order to carry out the act of writing. So isolation in terms of the solitude and space necessary for writing. On the other hand interaction is equally important but I think it is a kind of complicated for many many writers because in terms of your own writing related interaction it is very difficult to judge at what point one can begin to share one's writing with other people. So therefore I have described this in these words interaction is a crucial but difficult step in sharing either the challenges of one's writing process or a specific finished work with others. It does not come that easily so there is certain amount of judgment that is involved in reaching out and you know interacting with other people. So in the classroom scenario we assume that interaction will help writers a great deal but I think it one has to keep in mind the sensitivities that are involved and sort of also help you realize that they may be certain kind of writing where you may feel that you are not ready for interaction. So these kinds of situations are very very common so isolation is necessary so is interaction and you have to find your own balance in this regard. With reference to bringing writing to the classroom there are some very very interesting ideas that Paul Dawson has raised in his recent study a very important recent study titled creative writing and the new humanities where he has looked at these very cliched in his own words very cliched but also very useful metaphors of the Garrett versus the ivory tower. In his opinion although the two seem to be at cross purposes but actually he wonders if that need be so the Garrett the metaphor of the Garrett is actually sort of associated with the writer's retreat according to him it can be this metaphor can be extended to the creative writing classes. Now how does one do that the Garrett is associated with certain amount of isolation and also certain amount of I suppose deprivation economic deprivation or certain social deprivation that writing demands and according to him the Garrett has had certain amount of romantic association with creativity and authenticity of the writing process it is also seen as outside of society so writing is outside of society so it sort of evokes all these associations in his point of view and as opposed to that the ivory tower is a metaphor for established academic systems and often it is seen as a negative description because it seems to evoke the sense that it sort of shelters the practitioners from harsh realities of actual life. Now in his opinion these two need not be separate although actually if you look at the pyaasa content the content of Gurudat's pyaasa it again fits into the metaphor of the Garrett and actually the publishing world in that framework is actually linked to the ivory tower because it involves protection and it also does not challenge those who have undertaken the work too much. The Garrett in particular and its association with pyaasa and ivory tower in terms of certain privilege position in terms of bakwan can also be evoked but in his opinion the ivory tower and the Garrett are parallel and permeable metaphors for the academic critic and the writer. So in his opinion they are metaphors but they are permeable metaphors for the academic critic in terms of the ivory tower metaphor and the writer in terms of the Garrett metaphor. And what he has tried to really establish in this book is to sort of see how these two can be negotiated. It is not possible to do away with these concepts because they do have certain element of truth in them but at the same time how does one negotiate these two in order to institutionalize creative writing. So both in terms of institutionalization of creative writing and in terms of thinking about the writer's vocation I think you can look at these two and develop your own take on it. The next association for classroom dialogue so I suppose in a classroom situation we could debate these two, we could talk about these two, we could have our own take on these in order to pursue our own independent line of creative action. The other kind of question that I raised again in a metaphoric sense was in terms of its links with two different kinds of very very powerful writers of 20th century Kafka and Albert Camus. If you are not familiar with the two writers then according to most biographical accounts Kafka you know did not want to publish his writing so there is sort of a lot of material available on this whole issue. The second writer Albert Camus on the other hand was deeply invested in wide ranging writing and publishing activities such as journalistic writing, philosophical essays, drama, short stories and novels. So now when we talk about it the question that we can debate is whether you want to be Kafka or Camus that is do you want to write with a clear aim to publish or do you want to treat your writing as a way of making sense of the world but not necessarily publish it or publish it sporadically whenever you feel that some things can be shared with the world at large but some you want to keep to yourself. So this is a question that you can ask, it gives you different kind of space for yourself. The other related question can also be linked to the genre that you would like to devote yourself to. Very often people may you know may have a sense of which genre makes them feel excited in terms of their writing but while writing they may shift their attention to another genre because that is also a kind of shifting ground. There are lots of blurred boundaries in terms of genre and so again while talking about publishing or not publishing one can also look at this question of genre while debating the writer's vocation. So what which genre would you like to devote yourself to because writing contains a lot of possibilities so we are also keeping that open ended different kinds of writing processes and products may be involved. The other question in tune with the multilingual cultural context that we inhabit is related to the language which language would one like to write in. This famous case of Girish Karnat which if I understand it correctly he has mentioned it in one of his editorial you know editorial comments that he wanted to actually write in English but when he sat down to write he began to write a play in Karnat and that was Yayaati. So it may again be a question that can actually you know you can resolve only when you start writing more seriously. So now this more or less concludes this first section where we want you to reflect on writers and writing and the cultural significance that you or your society or your social framework associates with the writing process and we would recommend viewing of Pyaasa by Gurudat a great film with some very very great moments and the dialogues are also available. There is a recent publishing trend where the dialogues of some of the very famous Hindi films the cult films these have been translated but they are also available in the original so you can dip into the dialogues of Pyaasa in order to understand the total you know the set of ideas that we have only briefly talked about. You can also look at Paul Dawson who has tried to establish creative writing as a mode of gaining knowledge and this is with reference to new humanities and many of the theoretical formulations of the last 20 years in teaching of literature and raising foundational questions about the definition of the term literature and hence creative writing as a response to many of these foundational questions. And finally Tharu and Lalitha's women writing in India from which we have taken the Therigatha songs with this we conclude this session. I hope you will think about your own self much more actively before we embark on the journey to understand what other writers have to say about the writing process. Thank you.


So, T-Cube allows exponentially expanding training of any course. So before moving ahead, we must understand the structure of T-Cube model. So, FTPs, the faculty development programs are at the core of T-Cube and contain two components. One is online component and a face-to-face component. So online component is hosted on IIT Bombay X as a learning management system and which is based on Open edX platform. The face-to-face component includes face-to-face interactions with course faculty which of course enhance the effectiveness of the MOOC component hosted online. So in addition to managing the face-to-face component, the T-Cube website also interacts with IIT Bombay X to perform data migrations and to improve the overall course delivery. It has been a great experience working for such a noble cause and it is important to acknowledge the contributions made by all the peoples related to this project. We thank IIT Bombay for giving us the support and of course the various teams, the workshop team and the IIT Bombay X team for helping us throughout our initiative. So we'll start with the presentation, Harsh and Anand will take you through the registration model. Hello, good morning, one and all. I am Anand from NITK Suratkal and he is Harsh from DICT and we were in charge of the registration model for the T-Cube website and so basically we have implemented the registration for the website as well as the workshops which is same as the model of the existing NME CIT website. The only different things are we have implemented clickable cards for workshops and ticketing base systems for workshop registration. Now he will introduce the website registration. Hello everyone, this is our home page where all the workshops are shown. As we can see if the user is not logged in, you can see all the workshop details but if the user wants to register for any of the workshop, he has to register on a website. So this is our main registration page, all the details are the same from the NME CIT website. We have just changed the UI and introduced the stepper. This is our form with all the validations. Now if the user wants to register for any workshop, he has to log in. So this is the dashboard for the user where we can see the upcoming events for which he can register, the previous events which had occurred and the events for which he had registered, if he has registered for any. Now the other basic page is the edit profile page which will be the same as our registration page and you can edit if you want to. Now I will hand over to Anand. We have implemented clickable cards on the home page of the user. He can click on more details to see the details of the workshop and then this is the new thing that this is same as NME CIT only the new thing we have implemented is ticketing system. As in the pilot workshop is displayed and all the instances will be displayed. He can register for any. What is ticketing system? Ticketing system as in previously all instances would be displayed on the first page itself and then if the participant registers for one instance he wouldn't be allowed to register for other instances. We just put it here and based on date he can choose whichever instance he wants and then. So what is the unique credential of the things because you will not allow him to register again. So how you will detect when he how exactly he is the same person. The participant ID is stored. Okay the registered user cannot register again. You are saying? I cannot register for the same workshop. The reason they are calling it a ticketing system is I gave them the model of a cinema multiplex. Okay. So this is Dr. Fatak's show which is finished. Okay. Other shows for the same because this is repeating the same workshop multiple times with different teachers. They can have a book my show kind of thing. They have a book my show kind of thing actually. Okay. Okay. They have a book my show kind of thing not only for the registered participant. Okay. But they have got a system by which the theaters can also book. I will host this show. Okay. Because we have got so many remote centers. Okay. Okay. I will host July 1 and I will not host July 15. Okay. So remote centers will also host decide to host this event at future dates and then the participant will know when he clicks on this which remote centers are hosting it on that particular day. But I have got a very simple question now in a web based scenario do we require the concept of remote center because remote center was a concept in the ideology of the satellite. So if we are going to the web platform everything is available to everybody why you want a remote center anybody can do from its own or on the fly also. No. I will answer that question because that is not I am also going to let them answer. No. I am also going to remote centers.  Okay. If I am doing face to face I have to meet somewhere otherwise I cannot be face to face. Okay. Now I do not believe in face to face but it seems that lot of people believe the government certification agency which we are dealing with so far had insisted that you cannot give the certificate unless because earlier it was all face to face. So it was a two week certificate. So they said two week face to face. So we had the earlier system by which the lectures were delivered in the morning okay in the remote center and this. So after that we went to a system by which we will give all the lectures to videos and the face to face are reduced to one week okay. Again we needed remote centers okay. Now the new thing that is coming in is this repetition of courses okay for which again we have delivered face to face but the new certifying agency is no longer interested in face to face or they are pushing for no face to face okay. So we had an option to build a system without face to face without remote centers. So what we have done is if there is no face to face component the remote centers get off immediately okay.  So the ticket will be generated on the fly? The ticket number is generated on the fly? No the admin will be in charge of the number will be generated by the machine. So can you tell the how exactly number is generated? How many bits of number is there? What part? Defined what? Which course? Summer? Autumn? Which course code? Whether the number has got any data or it is just a random number, unique number? No it is just an ID. Just an ID. Okay okay. Continue. And then next thing is the registration form in which the details are loaded. He has to upload the permission letter and select whichever okay all the remote center which are there in Madhya Pradesh are displayed here. He can choose any and then submit the form. This is the basic admin page for the admin users and the page which we implemented is the invite users page. This page is the same as NMA-ICT-1. This is for the purpose that if the admin has to send a private workshop registration link then he has to upload an xls file where all the data template is provided here in which format they have to upload. Email ID is valid then a mail will be sent to them. The private for when private workshop link will be sent to them. Now if they click on the link the workshop page will open directly. There is no need for them to go to the dashboard, select the workshop and then register. Our link will be directly sent to them and if the user does not exist in Malabhi, he has not registered to our website, he has shown the register page and then he is redirected to the workshop page. So this was another feature which was there. And for payment for the workshop we also implemented IIT Bombay payment portal in our website. Okay thank you. Now we hand over to the Anishin Ayush for FDF.


Welcome back everyone. This is Brian. And in this video, we're going to discuss blocking versus non-blocking sockets. I'm going to paste some documentation here. So blocking stops.  So blocking will stop execution of your program, and then it will proceed once the function completes. Non-blocking, which is a little bit new to us, this is what we're going to cover in this video, runs in the background. And there's really one correct way of doing this, and that's to use select. This is completely new to us, and it looks horrible, so I wanted to explain it right up front. What we're going to do, we're going to hand it a list of readers, writers and potential errors, and give it a timeout. Very important you give it a timeout, otherwise it will actually block, which defeats the whole point of non-blocking. It in turn is going to give us a list of things to read, things to write, and errors.  So we're not going to do it the ultra professional way. We're dialing it down and doing it the newbie friendly way. And spoiler alert, yes, there are whole frameworks on how to do non-blocking programming. We're not going to cover those just yet. We're still in newbie land. We will get there eventually. So if you want to go out and peek at this documentation, you can see it's kind of complex. So we're going to try and dial it down. The basics here is in Python use a socket set blocking zero to make it non-blocking. That's the big takeaway here. But the moment you do this, bad things happen very quickly. And the author goes on to say, the correct way to do this is use select. And then they give you the template, which I just displayed. Let's dive in and take a look. As you might expect, the first step in any program is well imports. And I'm going to save just a microsecond of time by doing the old copy and paste. We're going to import logging, socket and select. Now, you notice if I hover or select it says this module supports asynchronous IO on multiple file descriptors. What? What does that really mean? So we're working with asynchronous programming. We covered that a little bit in this series so far. And we're doing that on multiple file descriptors. Now that really in plain English means we're going to do something on the same thread at the same time using a file descriptor. Now a file descriptor, this is a little complex, but basically on Unix, everything's a file descriptor. It just means it's a hardware device of some kind. It gets more complex, but that's the dumbed down version of it. On Windows, only sockets are supported. Very, very, very key takeaway on this. So if you try to use the select with a file on Windows, you're going to have a bad time. All right. Now also while we're in import land, I want to do our main function because, well, it's pretty rudimentary.  So I'm going to say main, main, and we're just going to flesh this out. I'm just going to put a pass in here. Just didn't want to skip any steps. So people watching this don't go, hey, where did main come from? We're going to fill that out as we add in some code. So we're going to do two examples. The first example is going to be a blocking socket. And we've done this before, but I want to do it again just to illustrate what's happening here. So I'm going to say def create underscore the locking. We want a host and an IP. And then I'm going to off the screen here, just grab something to copy and paste to speed this little section up. So I'm going to say logging info, locking, creating socket. Now let's go ahead and create that. I'm going to say socket socket. And then we want a socket dot address family of I net, which is our IP version four. And we're going to go across the internet to my very slow website so we can see in real time, just how blocking works, which means we need a TCP connection because we're going to be working with HTTP. So I want a sock stream. So we're on TCP land. If you skipped any of my videos, I highly recommend you rewind and watch them because we covered all of this so far. Now we're going to say blocking. And I want to say connecting. Anytime I say s dot, whatever we put is going to block meaning this function call that we're going to do is going to hang our program up until it's complete good or bad. So I'm not going to put a lot of try and finalize or any of that other air handling in there. We're just going to assume this code is going to work just for illustrative purposes. So we're going to try to and I need a tuple here. Connect that host IP. Now I want to know that this was connected. And once this is connected, I want to say sending. We're going to go ahead and say s dot send. We want to send some bytes slash r slash. And now the beautiful part about my web server being well rented and slow is that it's going to really show you just how painful blocking sockets can get. So we're going to say blocking and I want to say waiting. On response and you're going to see when I run this that it's going to sit at waiting on response for a long time and actually I'm just going to shorten that. Just say waiting. Once the server responds because it'll eventually time that socket out and spit back some kind of error message is going to say. Here's some info about the error. I don't really care what it was. So I just want to know the length of this. So we're going to grab that. I'm going to say data equals. Go all the way to the front. I want to format this go all the way back here. So I just want to know how much data it actually sent us. From here, we're going to go ahead and close this. Now close should happen very, very quickly. But again, we're blocking so on older older systems, especially like embedded systems that may hang for just a few milliseconds, but it's still blocking. All right, now that we've got all of this assuming I didn't mistype anything. Let's go down here and we're going to run this off my website, which of course is running on port 80. And let's get some screen real estate. See what this looks like in blocking mode. So creating connecting connected sending waiting and it's just going to sit there for a while. This is the painful part of blocking sockets. Eventually it will time out the socket on the server and it's going to send back. Yep, some sort of error message which was 513 bytes and then it's closing the socket down. But again, you see how it kind of step through some steps are faster than others when we got to the waiting part. Our socket is blocking for what well feels like an eternity in computing time because we're just literally not running. This means we're not running our script. Our script is just pretty much frozen in memory until the server responds back. This is really not cool, but this is blocking sockets 101. Now that we understand blocking sockets pretty much in depth, I'm going to make a different example. We're going to do the non blocking socket and this is going to be much more complex. And I'm going to just put a disclaimer right here. This is not what I would consider client ready or industry standard. This is just an example. So it's a very watered down example and it's not a one size fits all solution. So if you're just looking for this for, hey, I'm going to copy and paste this into my production app. Don't do that. This is just a demonstration. All right. Now that we've got that disclaimer out there. I had somebody write me and say, hey, I took your code and paste it into my app and the client complained because in the log it said this is a test. Well, shockingly, would you copy a test code? Anyways, so we're going to create a non blocking. So let's rename that. And let's just switch this logging out to non blocking. The first part of this code really is going to be look shockingly similar. So we've got our socket here. Now we're going to try to connect to the host. So I'm just going to say that thing so far we're not. We're not non blocking, meaning we are still blocking. Let's go ahead and get the return value. Of and I want to go with s.net ex because I don't really care. I want to just get the return value. I'm going to say host and the ports. And this is going to block right here. So this is a little misleading. I just want a very big disclaimer block that way nobody in the internet yells at me, although I get yelled at quite a bit. We're going to say if the return value is not zero, something bad happens. And I want to say failed to connect. And then we're just going to get right out of here. However, if we've gotten to this point, we're going to say connected. And this is where the code's going to get really, really interesting. So I want to take that socket. And I want to set. Locking. Where are you? There you are. False. When we do that, something both magical and horrific happens. Your code will start having a lot of errors if you try working with it in a blocking fashion. And they will be like blocking IO errors and things that make absolutely no sense. So we have to do this a little bit different. We're going to work with the select command and let me scroll way up here. It is horrible to look at. So basically it's going to give us three lists. Things we can read, things we can write and errors. But the select select is going to say, we want to give this potential readers things we could read from. Potential writers, things we could write to potential errors and a timeout. Very important. We give it a timeout. If we do not, this will work in pretty much a blocking fashion. All right. So back down here, we are going to say inputs equals and we want to make a list. We're just going to put that socket in there. Outputs, same thing. Now this is where things get a little bit tricky because we're working with HTTP. We have to send the server information first and then read back a response. So I'm going to say while we have inputs, meaning while we're still expecting some sort of response. Go ahead and grab this. And I'm going to just put the infamous waiting. Now you may be curious why I'm putting waiting in here because I want you to see that this is not blocking. You're going to see that waiting repeated over and over and over to demonstrate we are in a loop. Now we're going to use that select statement. So we want a readable, a writeable, is that even a word? That's not a word. There we go. And I'm actually just going to call this errors. I was going to write exceptional, but we'll be here all day watching me fumble around on the keyboard. I'm going to say select dot select. And we want our inputs. That's just our list of sockets. Our outputs, again, list of sockets and our inputs. Now you may be scratching your head going, whoa, what are you doing here? So remember, things we can read from things we can write to things we're expecting errors on. Again, we're expecting errors on our input, but not our output. Now we have to give this a time out. I'm going to say 0.5 or half a second. If we skip that part, this will block. So we need to put that time out in there. And select select is going to return three iterable items, readable, writeable and errors. And I can actually know what I'm just going to copy and paste it because it's going to bug me. It's different than my notes. Readable, writeable and exceptional that I can say that right. Exceptional. I got to work on my accent. Anyways, let's just go ahead and move forward. What this does though is every time out in this case is 0.5 seconds. It's going to pull the underlying operating system and say, hey, I'm looking for anything that has an input, anything that has an output or anything that has an error. And if you don't have anything, I'm just going to break right out of this. And I shouldn't say break. It's going to reiterate the loop. I'm going to say four s in writeable. Go ahead and pass. And then four s in readable. I'm going to go ahead and pass. And then four s in exceptional. Again, we're going to go ahead and pass. And this is the basic program structure here. So first things first. Once this socket has connected to the server, it should be writeable. So we want to write out to the server. Then we're going to remove that socket so we no longer have something that's writable. And it's still going to be in our inputs list or our readables. And it's going to want to know, hey, tell me server when you send me data. And then once it's readable, we're going to read that data in. And if we have an error, we just want to be able to, well, basically jump right out of this thing. All right, so let's start with our write. And I'm going to back up here. Grab this. Just want to let the user know, hey, we are sending some information. And I want to say send. And again, this is going to be bytes. And I'm going to send the exact same data. Slash r slash on. I'm going to do it a little bit different than the previous one. So I want to say we have now sent this information. Just so we can see the length of bytes, which we have now sent. Now I want to take our outputs and I want to remove that. There's a reason for this because every time this loops, we don't want to tell it, hey, we have a socket we want to output on, or this is going to fire off every single time. So we want to remove that out of there. Finally, let's get rid of that pass because we're not passing. Now we're going to assume that this loops again. And now it's going to say, okay, we gave it an input with a socket in it still. And it is now readable, meaning the server has now sent a response back. So we want to read that response back from the server. And this is all happening asynchronously. So it gets a little bit confusing. So we're going to say reading, I want to say data equal s.recv for receive. Now in our receive, we want to say we want no more than 1024 bytes. Because yes, the server could just slam us with thousands and thousands of bytes and we don't want that. And then we're going to say, we want to know what we got. So we want to know the length of that data. And then I want to close the socket down. And then I want to take our inputs and actually remove that. Because again, when this loops back through, it's going to do that select again. And I don't want that same socket going back through the select because then it's going to just keep continually reading it. Once we get that response back from the server, I am done with this and I don't want to mess with it. Now we're going to say we are done and we're going to break out. I always like that break out kind of reminds me of like 1980s, 1990s break dancing, but we're going to break out. And if we had some sort of boo boo, as I like to call it, we want to notify the user. Hey, there was an error, something bad happened. And we're just going to, you guessed it, remove these things immediately. And if you want to be super conscientious, you can actually break as well. Now you notice one thing this is much, much longer than our blocking. Our non blocking is way more complex. We are doing a loop within a loop within a loop and this gets nuts. So let's go ahead and grab this and see this in action. Go way down here. I'm at this out and assuming I have not mistyped anything, which I'm notorious for mistyping. You'll see non blocking in action and then we'll jump back in and re explain everything. So of course, what did I mess up here? Line 45 create non blocking, can I get it blocking? Port not defined. What do you mean ports not defined? I think every programmer has probably, ah, yes, see, I said host IP. I think every programmer has looked at their output window and what do you mean not defined? All right. So we fixed that silly little error. Let's clear that out and fingers crossed. Uh oh. Hmm. What did we screw up here? So you could see it went very fast until it got to this line 63 create non blocking logging, the data, Lynn data. Object of type int has no Lynn. Hmm. So line 63 has some real time troubleshooting here. Ah, yes. Okay. So let's go ahead and silly me. So send is not going to send us any byte array. It's going to send us an integer. So I was kind of silly that I did link there. Now let's try this. Mistakes abound. There we go. Now you can see that beautiful loop in action. So what's going on is connecting connected waiting and it's sent seven bytes. And now we're waiting for that server to time that connection out. Finally, we had some information on the line. We could read from it and it sent 513 bytes back closing. And you notice our loop stopped and then our script stopped as well. So what's going on here? Let's take this thing from the top. So got rid of a little too much. See if I can get that back. Ah, there we go. All right. So we go into create non blocking. We want an IP version for TCP socket. We get that we say connect EX which basically means I don't care what you do. Just give me back a status code of what you've done. If it's anything other than zero, I want to say we could not connect and let's just jump right out of here. From there, I set the socket to blocking faults, meaning we want this to be asynchronous from this point forward. If you skip that step, this code is going to be kind of funky, but it may actually still work. Now, if you use this and treat it like a blocking socket like you're used to, you're going to get all sorts of blocking IO errors and you're not going to be able to figure out what's going on.  And that's exactly what select does. Every time we loop through this, select is saying, hey, here's a list of things we could possibly get input from. Here's a list of things we possibly may want to write to. And here's a list of things that may give us some sort of headache in the future. Again, I just use the inputs we're going to read from. And you know what? I want this to time out in half a second. You can tweak this to whatever you want. Our first iteration, it's going to say for S in writable, meaning, you know, whatever we've got back here, we should just have one writable socket. So we're going to have blank writable socket blank. So only this is going to run, assuming nothing broke. And that's when we send the data out to the server. And then on the second and third fourth, and it's going to keep polling waiting for that server to turn a response. Once it responds, you'll have a socket, nothing and hopefully nothing. So then readable runs. And you know, so I did a four because these are iterable. So I just wanted to just kind of future proof this code doesn't matter how many readables. And then we're going to go ahead and receive that information, close a socket, remove it. Once we do a select with nothing, nothing, nothing, guess what? It's done looping and we have now breaking out of here. And of course, if we have some sort of error, we're going to say, uh oh, we want to remove everything and break out. Now there are some gotchas here. And I have admittedly overly simplified this to the point of some of the things that I've said probably are either vastly inaccurate or make zero sense because this is actually pretty complex under the hood. So I would highly encourage you to go read the documentation. We are going to do more complex examples in the future and we may and well more than likely touch on some high performance TCP frameworks that are out there. But I wanted to really touch this first because it is so complex. I hope you enjoyed this video. You can find the source code out on github.com. If you need additional help, myself and thousands of other developers are hanging out in the void realms Facebook group. This is a large group with lots of developers and we talk about everything technology related, not just the technology that you just watched. And if you want official training, I do develop courses out on udemy.com. This is official classroom style training. If you go out there and the course you're looking for is just simply not there. Drop me a note. I'm either working on it or I will actually develop it. I will put a link down below for all three of those. And as always, help me help you smash that like and subscribe button. The more popular these videos become, the more I'll create and publish out on YouTube. Thank you for watching.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com doing a quick little filler a guaranteed spot-in-a-break type thing So basically we sell We sell 18 spots and we just randomize only your names name on top it gets the Yankees You know then this name right here in this spot gets a bone spot in that bowman break Last spot gets a bone very guaranteed something could be a big thing Or it could be a spot in a break where you can get randomized a big team too So pretty solid stuff big thanks to everyone right here for getting into it And then we'll just line you up with with something good luck. We're only randomizing your names Let's roll it and randomize your names at nine times six and a three one two three four five six seven eight and Good luck ninth and final time after nine we got Jeff all the way down to mark Everyone gets something There you go better than nothing All right, so Jeff you have the Yankees in NT number 38 coming up a little bit later Brian.  You got the Braves in that break Pete with the Rays Nick with the Mets and Mike AJ We'll put little those little rooftops next to your name So there you go. So Mike AJ Pete Logan Brian Jeff Steve West Pete Pete Brandon and Mark You're in that two box bowman jumbo break coming up in a separate video. Thanks for watching everybody I'll see you for the breaks Jasper's case breaks.com


Hey guys, what's going on? It's ChiroTech and welcome back to another video today. We're gonna be playing Thieve Knights at Bleast, please So this is a game. Okay, so I'm gonna put the link down in the description It is a five minutes at Freddy's fan game, and I thought that we would decide to play this Okay, so This is the Thieve Needs a booze clues collection. Okay, and And so with this game basically there's five different versions of the game There's fee needs a please please. There's fee needs a please please tea. There's feet in these feet nets Tree booze coos There's fee needs horror at booze. There's fee needs a booze coos horror Then there's fee needs a please please remastered So we're gonna be playing today if he needs at please please. So let's get right into the video So Okay, we're in our new game. Oh, this is loud.  I don't think I can do anything My god, I don't know what to do Okay So that was fee needs a please please Let's play fee needs at please please tea Okay Let's play a new game. Oh My god, I can't do anything. Oh my god. This is actually great. Oh My god, this is legitimately the best game ever Do I have a camera? I I don't think I have a camera. I can't really like do anything. I'm just kind of sitting here. I I I don't have a camera like I can't open any sort of camera But it seems like the night's going by pretty fast Can I continue? Oh, I think that it's just okay So those fee needs a please please tea now. We're gonna play feet nefs at booze coos tree Warning, this is return This is so well This is oh my god This is so well made It's the same exact call every single time. You don't have cameras. So you're good. I do have a I do have a camera is Um spring blue gonna you know like up here On the camera Well, the funny thing about by nights at Freddy's trees That's the only game that I've actually fully completed like on a nightmare mode Okay, it seems like blue might be in the area, I don't know This is just a really really amazing game like a really well made game I'm so glad that I was actually able to find this It's actually such a nice game, although I don't think I don't think like Not anything's ever gonna like Be up on the camera So I might as well just like, you know, like sit around and do nothing So I Found this game on game jolt and let me just say it is amazing So I used to like be in love with five minutes at Freddy. Oh Look at spring blue. So I used to be in love with five nights at Freddy's my old name was actually a FNAF boy 1983 that was my old YouTube channel name Blues gone. Where'd he go? Oh? Well, I'm just gonna stare right here And so anyways, I used to be in love with five nights at Freddy's. That was my entire channel that was what it was about and I just really love this game. It's just It's the epitome of a five nights at Freddy's fans fan game It's actually hilarious It's the best game that I've played on this channel like at all so far I'm just gonna look away because that's what makes blue. Okay. Well, yeah I've actually beat five nights at Freddy's three That's like I said earlier the only game that I ever beat I was too scared to play for and I was too scared to play two and one. I just never like tried to finish So it's staying on 4 a.m. For some reason. I don't know why it should be kind of like going past 4 a.m. But it's just hovering on 4 a.m.  Oh, okay. I couldn't read it.  Oh my god What is this game? Okay, so we have a nice little smiley face here. We have current blues clues here We just have some annoying kid and oh my god, this game is the best I Recommend all of you guys playing this game. Okay. Oh, that's great. Okay, so now we're stuck here with them That's a little close buddy. Okay. Um, that's that's a little too. Oh No, um well Kermit Kermit and blue just left So I'm not Well, then I'm shocked you've completed these idiotic challenges Yes, yes, I have thank you. Thank you for congratulating me on this got anything else for me Did you honestly think something big was going to happen at the very end? Um, I hope something big happens because I'm not really but that's what's going to happen my interest to you I read that wrong.  There is no secrets. Oh The box they opened up the box. I wonder what could be inside Yeah What that seems okay, I don't I Think this is the same thing Maybe Okay, so now we're gonna play remastered Okay, so Okay, so we are in the Remastered version of feed me to please please. Okay guys. That was feed me to please please the complete collection Thank you so much to the developer. I'll put their game jolt page down the description You can download feed me to please please the cold collection yourself This game is just the best thing that I have ever found ever So, yeah, thank you guys so much for watching. Please like and subscribe and I will see you in the next video Bye-bye


My new Libre shirt is available on Base.win in this yellow color, which I think looks lovely on me, as well as several other colors. I've got a lot more merch that I sell on Base.win along with computer parts, phone cases, and much more. Discounts are available site-wide when you shop on Base.win with Monero XMR. That's B-A-S-E-D dot W-I-N. So the other day, Apple streamed their new product event, which I'm pretty sure is the most popular Apple keynote that they've ever done, at least in terms of YouTube views, because it's already gotten 27 million views in just 24 hours. So it's one of the most popular videos already on the official Apple channel. And the main attraction of this last Apple keynote was, of course, the iPhone 15. And the most interesting thing about the iPhone 15 to me, as somebody who doesn't use iPhones and really doesn't use any Apple products, is the fact that now iPhones are finally going to be using USBC for charging. Finally, Apple has joined the rest of the modern world by using USBC ports instead of forcing this proprietary lightning garbage on its users for another generation. So the iPhone 15 Pro, and I guess the rest of these iPhones that were designed, another cool thing about them, is they're supposed to be designed with repairability in mind.  But things are starting to get better in the iPhone world, and I guess in the rest of Apple's walled garden proprietary ecosystem. So the iPhone 14 was really the first phone where Apple made a design change and actually started taking some steps towards making the phones more repairable. But the iPhone 15 takes things further because now the back glass on the iPhone 15 is supposed to be removable. So when that glass breaks, which during my time working at Geek Squad during the transition to them being like an Apple certified repair center, and we were actually one of the first stores, the Cambridge Galleria store was one of the ones during the pilot programs, like one of the first stores that was fixing them. Anyway, I've seen my number of broken iPhones and back glass breaking is one of the more common things, probably for any phone really, because so many of them have glass on the back to support wireless charging. But anyway, that's supposed to be removable now. And I think it's even able to be removed by an end user. I mean, if you're brave enough to go ahead and do that. But if you're not, then you can probably take it to Apple or an Apple authorized repair center and get it fixed for a lot cheaper because now I'm pretty sure you can just take it off with a screwdriver. It's not something where you need a heat gun and a pry tool or some kind of like laser removal tool to try to get the back off. Now, what's really going to matter what I'm really curious with this removable back. And really, I would probably just want to see a full tear down of an iPhone 15, which we're probably going to see in the upcoming weeks and months as it comes out is how difficult is it to replace the battery in an iPhone 15, because a battery replacement is one of the main repairs that really every phone is going to need, at least if you plan on using it for more than three or five years, changing the battery in your phone is kind of like getting the oil changed in your car. So I'm pretty sure that this is going to be a little bit easier to do the battery replacement. And in fact, I think user replaceable batteries were one of the requirements that the EU recently ruled out, or maybe they're still voting on it for smartphones, because that's actually what made Apple change over from lightening to USBC. It was an EU ruling that all smartphones were supposed to have USBC charging by I think the end or beginning of 2024. And then in a few more years, it's going to have to be all laptops as well. So when you start seeing laptop manufacturers coming out with USBC, and they try to say the same thing that Apple did where they're like, Oh, we're trying to join the new standard or we're trying to be environmentally friendly. It's a lie. No, they're doing it because the EU forced them to do it. And the same thing goes for the iPhones being easier to repair now. But there's a few more features that I want to talk about these phones that I like before we start getting into the negatives of the Apple Keynote. So the main processor of the iPhone 15 is the A16 Bionic.  So one of the things that really stood out to me during the keynote was when they got to the mobile gaming section, which, you know, usually nobody really cares about mobile gaming. But it's the fact that they said the full console versions of Resident Evil 4, Resident Evil Village and Assassin's Creed Mirage are going to be playable on the iPhone 15.  We'll put that in quotes because I'm sure that there's, you know, going to be a little bit of a stretch with how playable it is, you know, Apple might be a pretty, pretty innovative company, but they're not able to break the laws of physics. So don't expect these games to run as well on an iPhone 15 Pro as they would on a console or especially not as well as they would run on a proper desktop gaming PC. But the fact that we now have a mainstream smartphone that's, I guess, not necessarily being advertised as a gaming device, but it's being advertised as a device that can play games and specifically can play AAA titles. I think that's a really big deal for the mobile gaming world. I mean, it might actually make the mobile gaming world become something that real gamers take a little bit more seriously. This also looks like further confirmation that Apple as a company is really starting to get more involved in gaming themselves. I mean, they already have that VR headset already, which I'm sure they've got some killer games on there, at least some killer games couldn't be played on there as long as there isn't a lot of software incompatibility. But a phone, you know, since they have the iPhones supposedly able to play AAA titles, I'm sure it would be fairly easy to get those ported over to Macs, you know, to get the same kind of AAA gaming support officially supported on MacBooks, which in terms of processing power for MacBook Pros, they actually are some of the most powerful laptops in the world right now. So yeah, I think Mac gaming, Apple gaming might actually be a thing in the near future. So a couple other things that I think are sort of cool on the new iPhone is that they got rid of the mute switch on the iPhone Pros. And now they've got like some kind of programmable button that just goes to be able to map to different things. I mean, that's a pretty big change because I'm pretty sure the mute switch on iPhones have been there since the very beginning, like literally the first iPhone. The only thing that I'm sort of skeptical about with a programmable, you know, user programmable button being put on an iPhone is how far is your ability to program that button going to be? Because with Apple, you know, with the walled garden, you tend to be very limited in end user customizability. And I guess this next change also has some ups and downs, but I'm pretty happy with it. And it's the fact that the iPhone Pros and I think the Pro Series watches as well are supposed to have titanium bodies. I'm really glad that Apple did this because well, I think it might start bleeding out into the Android world because I think it's really ridiculous how rare titanium bodies are on these flagship phones that cost like a thousand plus dollars. Okay, Samsung, they don't have titanium bodies on their flagship phones. Google doesn't do it. And I really can't think of any manufacturer off the top of my head that have titanium body phones. They're all either stainless steel or I think even more often than that, they're aluminum. And titanium just has so many more benefits. Okay, so titanium is lighter, more durable and more corrosion resistant than stainless steel. And while it is technically heavier than aluminum, titanium is generally so much stronger that you don't have to use as much material to build a titanium frame for a phone case than an aluminum frame for a phone case. I mean, I'm not a machinist. I'm not an expert on this. This is just some kind of brief research that I was doing before recording this video. But yeah, titanium to me seems like a much more premium metal and it seems much more appropriate in a smartphone. Plus it's such a small amount of metal when you think about it. I mean, in terms of increased costs, because I'm sure titanium is more expensive, that's probably the reason so many people aren't doing it already and why the $3 trillion company is the only one doing it. In terms of the cost, I think it's pretty negligible for the small amount that goes in a smartphone. And same thing that goes with the weight if it does end up way more than aluminum. It's such a small amount that I don't think it makes a difference to even really think about the cost or the weight and just put all of your points into durability and corrosion resistance. Now, one of the downsides to a titanium body is, well, you can't really color it as easily. It's really difficult to anodize titanium and Apple didn't even do that. They didn't anodize it. They didn't polish it. They just kind of put a coating over it, which isn't as scratch resistant as anodized metal is going to be. So if you're the kind of person that likes to keep your phone naked and get scratches on it, those scratches are probably going to show up more versus different material for your phone. But I always use a phone case. I think it's definitely a good idea to use a phone case if you have a phone that costs over $1,000. But if you insist on keeping your phone naked, they do have a, I think they call it natural titanium color. So if that scratches it probably or the coating outside scratches, you probably won't really notice it as much as if you got some of the other colors. Now, let's talk about some of the stuff Apple did that kind of rubbed me the wrong way. So the first one, which is really something that every big tech company seems to do these days is the fake environmental friendliness, the fake, you know, like green consciousness or whatever. And they do this because it's just a really easy PR move for them to do. And I will give Apple some credit. There is some, you know, green environmentally friendly moves that they do, like actually using renewable energy for, I think it's their data centers and their headquarters and main offices and things like that. But they're constantly sniffing their farts with it. Okay. Like in the keynote, talking about everything that they've done, them just sniffing their farts about environmental friendliness is probably about 15 minutes of the whole thing, which is like an hour and some change. But, you know, they talk about how, oh yeah, the phone's being repairable, that's environmentally friendly because now people can actually keep their phones for longer instead of just buying new ones. And I guess same thing with them switching to USB-C. I don't actually remember them making that point specifically, but you've got to think all the tons, like literal tons of copper and plastic that now don't have to go into lightning cables because you can use USB-C.  But for Apple to actually do that, for them to make their phones repairable and for them to start using USB-C, they had to be dragged kicking and screaming through the mud by the EU, the US, like various governments throughout the world to do it. Like they only did that because they were forced to.  We're Apple. We're so good. We're so good for the environment. And another thing though is they actually took some steps backwards with environmental friendliness, in my opinion, with a couple of things. So let me just lay this out for you. The Apple Watches, so the watch straps and the cases for Apple Watches used to be leather, or at least they used to have leather options, but now the option they give you is 82% recycled sport band and cases. So there's still 18% of some non-biodegradable that's added in there. And the last time I checked, leather was completely 100% biodegradable. I mean, think about it, it's just cow hide, right, or some type of animal hide. So I really don't understand the move from something 100% biodegradable to something that's only partially biodegradable. I mean, with that one in particular, if we had to make a guess at what it is, it's probably Apple's way to appeal to some animal rights people, which also I guess kind of tend to be not environmentally conscious, like maybe environmentally concerned is a better word. But yeah, they probably got rid of using leather to appeal to those people. But by appealing to these people who maybe don't know better, you've actually now done something that has a, or increases your carbon footprint a little bit more with those watch accessories. And speaking of the watches, there's this new gesture that was added to the watches called double tap. I believe you like tap your hand or tap your index finger to your thumb, something like that is how you activate it. And it's supposed to activate the primary button function on your watch. So like the function for answering a phone call, silent and alarm, things like that.  One of them is the fact that the feature is not actually going to be available when this watch comes out. You got to wait another month for it. So you know how that stuff goes when there's a software feature that isn't available at launch. Usually it means that the company behind it is rushing to get it out. It's probably going to have a lot of bugs and not work super great. But the other thing that I noticed about it, which also kind of ties into the fake environmental friendliness I was talking about, is the fact that this new double tap feature is not going to be available on previous generations of Apple watches. Now this is kind of weird because double tap is just another gesture. The Apple watches for generations now have supported I think a dozen plus gestures. I don't really know them all off the top of my head because again, don't use Apple products, don't sell them anymore, don't repair them anymore. But I'm not convinced that this double tap feature is something that the new chips that went into the watch that it needed, the new chips to go into the watch. Like there's some features that are only made possible with the new chip, mainly onboard Siri, because previously if you tried to use Siri on an Apple watch, I think it had to sync with the cloud. And so that's obviously going to have a lot more delay than something that's available locally on your device. But yeah, Apple's trying to say that the double tap feature is only made possible because of their chip, the new chip that's in it. So if you want that feature, you have to buy a new watch, even if you just bought last year's watch. And I guess last year's watch is going to go end up in a landfill somewhere. And again, if my skepticism is valid here, it's another example of Apple's environmental hypocrisy. But besides all that, I'm actually pretty impressed with what Apple is doing here with their phones from the satellite capability to boosting the wideband signal, which I believe makes the radius for AirTag connectivity three times wider, which I mean, that's already probably one of the largest area mesh networks in the world. And now you think about it, the radius for all the phones is going to be three times wider. They're pretty soon going to have global coverage with that AirTag network. These are all things that I'm really hoping to see in the Android world and just in the open source world in general or the more open source world, along with those better processors and titanium frames. Or you know, Apple could just open source iOS and that way their phones would be opened up to mods, ROMs and side loading and all the other things that we get to enjoy in the Android world. Those are features that I need to have in my phone if I'm going to buy it. And as soon as an iPhone Pro has it, I'd be happy to buy it. Maybe the EU can actually bully Apple into implementing those features just like they did with increased repairability and USB-C charging ports. But let me know what your thoughts are on the Apple Keynote and the Apple 15 in the comments below. Be sure to like and share this video to hack the algorithm and have a good rest of your night.