anda. Yeah. Wow. Yeah. They're stacked. Debut. Pena. Kenzie Gore. If Doran is going to be like a top tier reliever. Yeah. I picked them like probably a little bit higher than I should have in fantasy but I figured. Blue refractor. Thor to 199 Angels. Nice. Go L.A. Boz. But I figure it can't be that bad like a guy who could be solid in it for the reliever. Yeah. He's Ty Cobb. Ty cut greats and C.J. Avern's debut purple. Yeah. He was I think ranked 76th in Yahoo. Or at least according to our league settings you know. So I mean that's pretty good. Second year Bobby Whit Jr. in Pilkington. Yep. That is Sam in the background. He's probably today. Pepeo and Maggie and Oderizzi. There's Jayrod debut. Miranda and Donovan. Rookie purple. Suzuki debut. Nolan Ryan. Die cut greats. O'Neal Cruz debut purple. Abrams rookie. Jeremy Pena generation now. And Alec Thomas rookie purple. But Moxer. Oh it's up Tim. Jayrod rookie and Winder. Can you leave work? Yeah go for it Adam wait. You're not in the middle of like you're not a surgeon right? Like you're not if you're in the middle of surgery no. Otherwise probably. There's Bobby Whit Jr. debut purple. Pinto and Seager. Said you had the better pull out of transcendent form. Atani over. I know a lot of Atani's. I mean obviously there's a lot of in there. But still. Cruz Williams. Our submarine's important. Um yeah but don't they have like. They have like an autopilot thing on those? It depends. It depends on what you're doing on the submarine probably right. Bobby Whit Jr. debut. Contreras and Pinto. Ethan Roberts. Jimmy Fox and Ramos. Brandon Marsh. Oh yeah you probably should then. This is Vlad and Paratus. I took off Friday. So yeah nobody nobody to judge. Somebody uh join a little leisure time. Jeremy Payne your rookie. That's Dio. It's Matt Brash rookie debut. Awkward fracture to 250 mariners. Nice. Getting rookie numbered stuff. A little bit of a color match that Brash. Yeah. Eddie Murray. Sayas Suzuki. Rookie purple. Sodor Jayrod. Rookie. Lavenger. Yeah. Shake of stallings. Yeah you're here doing breaks. It's going to be like coming and do like I thought you were going to be here doing stuff and I would have just been like you could just come and do on. Yeah no so the thing is I did uh on the flying personals on Wednesday and it was super slow and uh I kind of want to come in and have that happen again you know. Yeah fair fair. I mean it was transcendent. Everybody watches transcendent. All the area. And this workspace is not set up for transcendent. New. By any means. This workspace even eminence might be a little tight. Yeah. Torque. Left low.  What's that?  Yeah. It's Hunter Green and Sanchez. Verlander. Bobby Whit Jr. Rookie Purple. Lodolo. Rookie Purple. Jeremy Peña debut. Thomas. Jayrod. Rookie debut. Trevino. Yeah I hear you. Spochette. I think you said you opened some with. I opened one case at Bowman Transcendent on New Year's Eve of 2020 going into 23 when Bowman Transcendent came out. So I did one case of that but yeah that was my first like solo like shift doing transcendent. I was stressed. I was stressed that entire day. I mean I was also moving after. So that didn't help but I was like stressing out about all the randoms. Making sure everything was good. Kirby debut. Oh god. Josh Lowe. Yeah next time like I'll have a bigger workspace next time Transcendent goes around. Yeah yeah yeah.  Well today say you're here doing like on the flies and personals on like a Friday and it's me and I have like eight pieces like just I'll be like I can do some on the flies or personals. You come in and break a case or two and yeah there you go. Win-win. Yeah there's only a cruise rookie in Suzuki. Yes I called Jackie and Bowman. Yeah that's awesome. Yeah that was freaking cool. Pork. Chase Silseth. Which actually I was really happy about too because like Forrest let me do one. So I was like I would have felt bad if I came in and like pulled like a roof or like something super crazy that Forrest had never pulled but he pulled the Jackie out of Diamond Icon. So I was like oh he's already pulled one and he pulled another one. Yeah that's awesome. Now I can say I pulled the Jackie. Tom Siever. I haven't pulled a Jackie or a babe. Or a Cobb.  I think I pulled Garig. That's cool. I pulled Mantle. Yeah yeah. Or I think Flawless. That's that's it. Okay here's the coolest cut auto I've ever pulled. It wasn't baseball. It was two of the four four horsemen. Really? 1920s Notre Dame backfield. It was like a dual cut auto book out of 17 certified cuts. That's so sick. Kenzie Gore rookie purple that was the coolest one I've ever pulled. I was so mad. Brad was sitting like I was top loading for Brad one night. He was doing transcendent that night. He was doing bum and transcendent. And I had just done the brakes like the night before and he pulled a John Wayne cut auto. Oh man. And that's like Jackie Robinson. Dica grades. Yeah. Like I'm a John Wayne collector. Right right. John Wayne stuff all over. All over this place right. Eric Fetty. Art Anderson cut auto. No I've never pulled an art auto. Jayrod rookie purple. I did pull a Randy Savage and Miss Elizabeth do a lot of one time. There's a Royals auto. Salvador Perez. Go KC. Nice Salvi. I saw somebody else's auto earlier that looks similar to his big Walsh. Yeah. No different four horsemen. The OG four horsemen. Fortes and Romero. Here in the ran like Thomas. Mel Ott. Severino. Kenzie Gore and Cooper Hummel. Nicolodolo debut. And last box. Up after this we have Bowen inception. Um first one is sold out. Second one just has the Brewers left. Can you wrap a link for 34 please? Absolutely. Thank you. Brewer spot is on sale. Yeah. Probably about as low as you're going to see it on our website. Jayrod debut. Lodolo. Gibson. Lucia spots. Ethan Roberts. CJ Abrams. Kirby. Rookie purple. Brandon Marsh debut. Alcantra. Estrada. Joe Perez. Rookie blue. That is to 199 and Rowdy Tiles. Greg Maddox. Kimbrell. Stephen Kwan. Rookie purple. Jeremy Pena generation now in Sanchez. Javier Baez. I would imagine the sorters just throw it in one of them. Austin Ryan. Cleaver. Yeah. With it I mean it's less than a dollar card probably. So unless it's like number. Klan and Gomes. Francisco Morales. Bryson Stott and Pache. Matt Chapman. Torque. Rookie debut. Pujos and Hunter Green. Rookie purple. Stephen Kwan. Rookie. Scrowman. Put in three pieces and split it up. Owen Miller. Yeah we got Bill one out there. We're going to exact the knife and approach raptor. Scrapera. That'd be a little tough. Bobby Whit Jr. generation now in Trevor Storey. Christiana Card. Pretty thin objectives and having to do that. Pujos and Arias. Rookie purple. All right. So quick recap. We had Mariners. Rookie Aqua Matt Brash. And Padres. Rookie debut. Sorry these were both debut. Aqua to 250. That's CJ Abrams. Angels. Blue Refractor to 199. Noah Sendergaard. Astros. Rookie Blue Refractor to 199. Joe Perez. Royals. Otto Salvador Perez. And Padres. Rookie Otto Bikinsey Gore. That'll do it for the break. Thank you everybody. Appreciate it. We have Bowman Inception coming up. All right. You know off the top you had Inception to 100 and 130. Mostly 100. Mostly 100. Just that brewer spot left for the day. All right. All right. Let me move this over here. Yeah, Joshua. Let's see some good stuff. Hey, everybody. Matt here playing sports cards ripping 2022. Bowman Inception baseball. Eight box half case break. Number 33. Pick your teams. We have Aaron L. Reyes. Anthony P. Giants. Boyd J. Cubs. Royals. Dean E. Padres. Donald D. Rangers. Dustin D. Marlins. Brewers. Dustin B. Red Sox. Edward P. Nationals. Eric R. Guardians. Eric L. White Sox. Harper B. Reds. Ian J. D. Backs. Jared H. Mariners. Jeremy H. Yankees. Jeremy S. Blue Jays. Jim L. Cardinals. John B. Orioles. Josh S. Metz. Joshua W. Tigers. Astros. Joshua B. Pirates. Judd V. Rockies. Lenny S. Braves. Ryan B. Dodgers. Ty W. Twins. William S. Angels. A's and Phillies. All right. Here we go. Good luck, everybody. We are sold out for the day. Appreciate that. There's Tosh Bradley and Wilfred Barris. Leo Watson. Armando Cruz and Hedbert Perez. Blue to 99. This is Brewers. Otto to 250. Felix Valerio. And Cubs. Gold Otto to 50. Johendrick Pinango. It's number two. Oh, you're good. Cesar Prieto. Oh, sorry about that. Prieto. Robert Hassel. Victor Acosta. And Zach Vien. Gold 50 to 50. Rockies. Stanley Dandrade. Fuchsia to 75. Twins. And Cardinals. Blue Otto to 99. Joshua Baez. That is Pirates. Primordial Prospect. Otto to 99. Jordani De Los Santos. Anytime came up with a great stick for him. Anytime that's Donnie's top loading. I look at him and go, Jordani De Los Santos. He looks at the quinta. Oh, yeah. Yeah, I know. Victor Arpi. There's James Wood. And Christian Vecchero. The Caphe and Roderick Arias. Phillies. Gold to 50. Ethan Wilson. Cardinals. Blue Otto to 99. Jonathan Mejia. And Phillies. Primordial Prospects. Otto to 99. William Bergoya. He looks like Plothead. Kind of does. You're not going to be able to unsee that now. You're trying to keep him smiling. Hi, guys. Brian Bliss. And Danny Dandrade. Pedro Paneta. And Daryl Hernandez. James Wood. Blue to 99. Padres. Royals. Otto to 399. Frank Mozicato. Played against my high school. He did? Mm-hmm. Nice. For a perfect game against this. Broer's. Fuchsia. Otto to 75. Sal Freilich. Sam just told me he went three for four against Frank Mozicato. Yeah, I rocked him. Two extra base hits. I rocked him. Bruce Ego. I looked at him after I hit it too and I started going like this for like a base. And then you put one in your ear the next time, right? That's not that. Zach Bean and Marcello Meyer. And then some Paulino and Felix Valerio. Orioles blue to 99. Daryl Hernandez. Brewer's. Gold Otto to 50. Henry Mendes. A's. Blue Otto to 99. Max Muncie. Three boxes to go. Matt McLean. Willie Vasquez. George Valerio and Dustin Harris. Nationals blue to 99. Armando Cruz. Extra Otto here, it looks like. That is Brewer's. Silver signings Otto to 25. Hedbert Perez. That's a silver signings car with no silver on it. Still called silver signings. Angels Otto to 399. Sam Bachman. We are sold out for the next break. Sold out for the day. Thank you everybody. Again, I will be live tomorrow again at 10 a.m. Eastern on the channels. And I'll be doing on the fly and personal baseball box breaks. I go as late as probably for depending on how busy it is. Martin Jimenez and Diego Velazquez. Eddie Slayanard and Luis Mesa. Giants blue to 99. Everson Artega. And then tomorrow night, Sam will be doing a huge 50 box. Baseball is back mixer. Oh yeah. There's Henry Davis. Gold Otto to 50. Pirates that is 50 of 50. And Braves. Otto to 399. Spencer Schwellenbach. The last box. Let's see something crazy here. Max Muncie and Roberto Campos. Yes, Sir Mercedes William Bergoglia. And Alan Serda blue to 99. Reds. No, I don't think we have any 2018 update. It's Marlon's fuchsia to 75. Jordan McCants. 2018 Tribute and Bowman Chrome. Tribute and Bowman Chrome. From 2018. And raise Otto to 399. Taj Bradley. All right. Well, nothing crazy in that first half of the case. Hopefully we do better in that second half. Do a quick recap. Thank you. These are all autos here. We had a raise 399. Taj Bradley. Raise 399. Spencer Schwellenbach. Angels 399. Sam Bachman. Royals 399. Frank Mosikado. Brewers 250. Felix Valerio. Cardinals 99. Jonathan Mejia. A's to 99. Max Monsi. Cardinals to 99. Joshua Baez. Phillies to 99. William Bergoglia. Pirates to 99. Jordani De La Santos. Marlon's 75. Jordan McCants. Brewers to 75. South Frillick. Cubs to 50. Johandre Pinango. Brewers to 50. Henry Mendes. Brewers to 25. Hedbert Perez. And Pirates to 50. Henry Davis. That'll do it for the break. Thank you, everybody. We have 8 box number 34. Closing us out next. Ace of Gilded. Yeah. Gilded with so much funder rip. What's up? Gilded with so much funder rip. I know. It's awesome. This last break of the day going. I'm going to drop you a link really quick for that big 50 boxer tomorrow. So you can take a look at it, see what all we have in there. It's pricey for sure. Not for everybody, but it is going to be awesome. Here's a link to that if you want to check that out. Again, if you're watching on the LSC main channel over on YouTube, that link won't go through right now. I don't know what's up with that. So if you've been trying to chat today over there and you haven't seen me or heard me respond, that's why I promise I'm not ignoring anybody. What's up, Sam? There. All right. Let's do it. Hey, everybody. Matt here for late in sports cards ripping. 2022 Bowman Inception Baseball. 8 box half case break number 34. Pick your team. We have Aaron L. Excuse me. We have Aaron L. Raze, Chris B. Royals, Angels, Donald D. Rangers, Dustin D. Braves, Astros, Dustin B. Marlins, Edward P. Nationals, Eric R. Guardians, Padres, Eric L. White Sox, Glenn K. Red Sox Cubs, Harper B. Reds, Ian J. D-Backs, Jack M. Pirates, Jacob J. Giants, Jared H. Mariners, Jeremy H. Yankees, Jeremy S. Blue J's, Jesse S. Orioles, Jim L. Cardinals, Josh S. Metz, Kale D. A's, Kenny V. Phillies, Ryan S. Brewers, Ryan B. Dodgers, Ty W. Twins, Timothy M. Rockies, and Troy S. Tigers. All right. Let's do it. Thank you, everybody, for filling up the breaks today. Much appreciated. I'm sure to jump back over on the screen tomorrow. We live at 10 a.m. Eastern again. Just doing personal baseball boxes and on-the-fly divisionals. There's Jay Allen and Warming Barnable, Brian Acunha and Jackson Merrill, Jonathan Clausset, Gold 50 Mariners, and Mariners Fuchsia Otto, George Phillies. Cardinals, Otto 399, Michael McGreeby, Andrew Rojas, and Noree Vera. It's one been shown, Edward Perez. Marlins, Gold 50 of 50, Yeti Cappy, and Cubs, Otto 399, Christopher Morel. Phillies, Orange Otto 25, Jordan Viers, Ian Lewis and Danielle Cueva. Little Smart Garmory Chase Petty and Noelvie Martay, 25. That's Orange Noelvie. A's Otto 399, Gunnar Hogland. I don't have Martay as a red yet. Yeah. Red Sox, that's Blue to 99, Marcello Meyer. That's number four. It's Andrew Painter. Wilman Diaz. Jackson Job and Curtis Mead. Reds, Puget 75, Ricardo Cabrera. Quinn's Primordial Prospects, Otto Gold to 50, Brian Acunha, Nicewood, Minnesota. This is Pirates, dual jersey, Otto to 200, Leo Verpeguero. Benzar Guzman and Jonathan Mahia, Brian Reckley and Ricardo Cabrera. Matt McLean, Blue to 99, Reds. Guardians, Otto to 399, Gavin Williams, and Reds. Ray's, Otto to 50, Ryan Spikes. Nice gold. All right, three to go. I call Hernandez and Anthony Volpe. Gunnar Hogland, Christian Santana. Pash Bradley, Fuchsia to 75. And nice. This is Phillies, Otto Gold, 20 of 50, Andrew Painter. Nice hit, Philadelphia. This is Kenny V with the Phillies. Mag that one for you. And Reds, Silver signings, Otto to 100, Jay Allen. Nice one, Reds. Good box. Ethan Wilson and Jordan Lawler. John Kencey Noelle, Trace Sweeney. Oscar Coloss, Blue to 99, White Sox. And Nationals, Otto to 399, Dale and Lyle. Pirates, dual jersey, Otto to 200, Lonnie White Jr. Last box. Well, let's see a huge name in here. Jordani De La Santos and Henry Davis. Jose Ramos, Carson Williams. And White Sox, Red to 5, Norhei Vera. There you go, White Sox. Dodgers, Primordial prospects, Otto, Blue to 75, Eddie Slaynard. 23 triple threads, probably in the fall, I would guess. It's usually a late release. On the back, Reds, Otto to 399, Michelle Triana. Right, just a minute, we'll do a recap. So we had 399, Reds, Michelle Triana, Nationals, Dale and Lyle. Guardians, Gavin Williams. A's, Gunnar Hogland. Cubs, Christopher Morel. Cardinals, Michael McGreevy. Dual jersey, Otto to 200, Lonnie White and Leo Perguero. Pirates on both of those. Reds, Silver signings, Otto to 100, Jay Allen. And to 99, Red Sox, Marcello Meyer. Dodgers, Eddie Slaynard. Mariners, 75, George Hallease. To 50, Rays, Ryan Spikes. Twins, Brian Acunha. 25, Phillies, Jordan Byers. And then Non-Otto here, that was Norhei Vera, Red to 5. And Phillies, Gold, Otto. It's 20 of 50, Andrew Painter. That'll do it for the break. Thank you, everybody. Appreciate it. I'll wrap it up here in just a minute. All right, so once again, I'll be doing on the fly, divisionals and personal baseball box breaks tomorrow starting at 10 a.m. I do have one new release this week and that is 2022, Top Stadium Club Chrome on Wednesday. We have eight pick your team style breaks posted. Be sure to grab your spots up for those. Thank you, everybody. Have a great night and thanks for filling up the breaks. Take care. I'll see you tomorrow morning.


Box 7 medium flat rate box from my bulk buy. I bought it on eBay to sell on eBay Let's get started. I Have pre-sorted the items into wearable items, I'm going to sell in small lots or individually and items that are crafters items It's a lot of jewelry 344 pounds is a lot of jewelry if you guys have not seen the video where I weigh it You should definitely go check it out It's amazing how much stuff I got these flat rate boxes were filled to the brim And I spent hours the last couple days going through I don't know eight or nine boxes sorting so that I could just make a 15-minute video. Oh, sorry instead of a Hour video of me detangling stuff or attempting to detangle. I believe this is the crafters Maybe not Let me see here. That's odd. I was thinking this was the crafters Yeah, yeah, this is the broken jewelry like see somebody can probably like this is J. Crew. It's super cute Somebody can probably put that back together pretty easily So there's broken or missing a stone or or Just tangled like some of it's just tangled and I didn't want to untangle it Can't remember what's wrong with everything This is just a broken piece, but somebody can use that to make jewelry. So this is basically for crafters So I am gonna lot this with other crafters items from some of the other boxes and sell that as a a lot I Believe I had to plug my phone in because my battery was dying This is the stuff that I'm gonna sell Individually or in small lots and the last few videos I've said that and I've ended up throwing it into the lot that I'm gonna sell in bulk Because I've decided that I don't want to put that much work into listing things individually because I have so much other Inventory that I need to focus on This little zebra item. I think it's like a zebra pattern I don't know. I think it's really cute. I may try to sell that separate just cuz it's cute I think this is a shell bracelet. I like that too I have another one that was just in the last lot that I did. I might put those together The other one is more gray. I think the other one's abalone, but I is abalone this color too. I Don't know. I think it's some type of shell I'm definitely gonna try and sell this separately just because I think it's fun It's a bangle bracelet and it's shaped like a butterfly I had this out. I think it's shell too. Maybe I'll put that with the shell bracelets This is really cute. I it's just a costume piece. All of this stuff is just costume jewelry But it's meant to look like a collar when you put it on. I think it's kind of fun I think I'm gonna try to sell that separately. I think maybe somebody on Poshmark will buy it this spiky Bracelet this stretch bracelet. It's got a $16 tag on it. Some people really like the spike Look so I was thinking I would list that separately. I'm now feeling like I'm gonna just let somebody else do it Again, same with this bracelet. I'm just gonna let somebody else do it. I thought this was kind of Easter colors and I was thinking about doing it, but find the See if it's marked anything. It is Talbets I don't know. I'm kind of on the fence. Like I think it's very like Easter-y If I get it listed quick, I might be able to turn it I don't know. I think I'll let somebody else do it Um I definitely want some good sellable items to be in my bulk lots, you know This is some sort of charm bracelet you guys might know. I don't see any um Any brand on it, but it's got the cute little owl I thought about listing that but I need to think about that when I think I'm gonna hold on to it And no I'm just gonna let somebody else do it This is kind of cute. It's like a it looks like a watch band, but there's no watch. So it's like decorative No, it says oh, it's avon. So it's just an avon piece so And all of this stuff was untangled, but now you put it back in the bag I thought about trying to sell this just because it's kind of a bulky big statement piece All right, I think I'm gonna let somebody else do it Again, I was gonna do this But I just it's cute. It's cute. Somebody will probably buy it. I don't know what that is little bracelet Here's uh, I think r&f is rodent fields. Is that rodent or rodent? I don't know. I thought I was thinking I might like lot those together Maybe I should look those up. I don't know. I don't know if I want to mess with it But I know that people in those direct sales they collect that stuff This is like an elephant pendant. I was gonna list it, but I'm not This little elephant thing again, I just like the little I might try that one I need to sell some of it on my own I I just I take the lazy route and I bulk it up and I lose money that way But it's just so time consuming I thought this was kind of pretty I think I might try to sell that I don't know. I'm gonna think about that one. I'm Everything that's going into this pile of I'm gonna sell it might end up in a in a lot Uh These are really cute. I want to say I can't read it now and Taylor it's and Taylor So it's a cute piece. I thought about selling it, but I think I'm gonna let somebody else do all of this I like this little bangle I was gonna do like bangles together pearls together. See these are knotted.  This was cute. It was like a necklace with little, uh, seahorses and stuff I thought this brace that was pretty reminded me of like Christmas colors This uh articulated fish was kind of fun I don't see any markings on it But um, I have earrings Somewhere I think I'm gonna hang on to that necklace and try to find the earrings. This is really cute It's got like little flowers. It's very delicate So I'm just gonna lot all this stuff up and I'm gonna let somebody else do it This I might It's got the tag on it. Let's see if I can read what it says I don't know. It's Ralph Lauren though I think since it has a tag, I'm gonna do it. I'm gonna list it I'm gonna take the plunge on that one. Okay, so I'm gonna show you what else I'm gonna put with this and I'm gonna sell it all As a lot and let somebody else Somebody else do it tassel type thing. It's just Tons and tons and tons of stuff. This is kind of a cool-looking bracelet. It's got seed beads and then this side is Like a leather thing So there's definitely Items that are sellable in here. It wasn't like I just This is kind of cool too. There's a lot of really cool stuff There's another necklace This is kind of neat. I think I missed showing you guys some of that Some bracelets. There's a bangle bracelet So lots and lots and lots of jewelry I don't know what that is. It's kind of like leather with pearls or something Here's a couple more bangles Some sort of shell necklace Here's another one. This bracelet's kind of cool. I mean, it's obviously been dyed with their cells And I did eight or nine boxes in two days So could I have missed something? Yes, but I'm the second person to go through it So I don't think that I did But never say never That says stainless steel. Does that I think it says rl Huh rl wonder if that's raffle ring But it's missing some crystals. So I'm going to add that over into the crafters lot So I didn't catch that the first time This I'm going to call wearable So lots of time spent sorting and I hope that you know, I can That's why I'm trying to pull out some of the stuff Because the hours that I've spent on sorting all this stuff This is 21 forever 21 It's like an eight dollar necklace. No big deal. So yeah, it is Damn I'm gonna do one more box after this and I think that'll be box eight and I had uh, that's kind of cool I had one other box that wasn't you know I think I had a necklace that went with that somewhere That I saw tonight You probably saw it in one of my other videos So I have one more box that I'm going to do a video on tonight and that'll be eight videos ready to go Just whenever I I'm only posting these on Monday So again, I didn't want to bore you guys with Me going through all of the jewelry because that's just overwhelming Maybe if I was doing it live and you guys could comment and I could have some back and forth talk, but just me Talking as I'm looking through jewelry. I mean look at that mound of jewelry So I got to figure out how to price it because I'm paying the shipping which is probably going to cost me I would say probably around $15. I can probably get it in a medium flat rate box I don't know. So We'll see I'm going to get it on mercari and see how it goes And I'm going to price it a little bit high because people can make offers And I have to take into consideration that I am shipping it And I would think you know, there's a lot of bread and butter items here So I mean if you can sell 10 items for $10, that's a hundred bucks, you know So All right, you guys thanks for being here. Thanks for watching go check out one of my bolo videos items to be on the Lookout for items you can sell bylo and sell high They're a great way to learn And I'll see you guys at the next video Be sure to check out the description of the video like comment share and subscribe. Thanks for watching


But by being in this situation, it has motivated me to say, I need to work harder, I need to get more creative, I need to find more ways to make money add value. And by joining software sales, it allows you to quickly forex your income.  What's happening guys, it's Shane here. And in today's video, I'm gonna be interviewing Trent. Now, Trent is four to five years into his career in tech sales. Now, tech sales is one of my top ranked careers. It's one that I recommend to quite a few people. It's great for people who either want to skip college or they're in a career and they want to transition into a different one without any experience. And so Trent is a great example of what you can get to about four to five years into your career if you go into tech sales. Now, spoiler alert, Trent is in a career that he loves and he makes over $200,000 a year. And he's gonna share his story in tech sales all the way from beginning when he first discovered it to now where he is in a position where he's making over $200,000 a year and just killing it. So I really appreciate Trent for coming on the channel. Let's go ahead and jump into it right now right after you gently tap that like button. Let's aim for 1,000 likes on this video. Hey guys, welcome back to the channel. It's Shane here and today I have another very special guest. I got a fellow YouTuber on the channel. I brought Trent on the channel and he actually has a YouTube channel where he talks about software sales, tech sales, business development representative, software development representative, basically everything under that umbrella. So thank you so much for coming on the channel, Trent. 50,000 cold calls, 600 posted videos. I'm excited to be here and speak with your audience today, Shane. That's awesome. Yeah, I love how you lead with that. That is impressive, 50,000 cold calls. I'm honestly just trying to even imagine how long that would take to do. That is seriously impressive. But we're gonna go ahead, start off at the very beginning and I'm gonna kinda ask you about your story. So Trent, back in the day before you became a software developer, I think you became a business development representative at first before you got into tech sales, before you even knew what tech sales was, let's take it all the way back and let's talk about how you discovered the career of tech sales. Tech sales is without a doubt one of the best careers available to anyone on today. And I had no clue what it was until at least 21, 22, my senior year of college. I'm from Columbus, Ohio, went to Ohio University, was the only school I got accepted into, very average public university. And I was pretty misguided early on, partied, played a lot of Xbox, I was obsessed with NBA 2K, Madden, until I eventually got surrounded by other people who were smarter than me, who had bigger goals than me. And then I started to learn how to study and get involved in student organizations. So what happened was I met one of my friends in the business school and I said, hey man, what do you wanna do? And he said, I wanna be an enterprise account executive. And I said, that sounds really cool, I think I wanna do that too. So I went home and I Googled it and I said, enterprise account executive, technology, software sales, not many people from my school got into tech. And I still didn't entirely understand what it was.  So I went to the career fair, there were five companies out of 46 that were hiring for sales jobs outside of Ohio. And I got super lucky being the only person from my school hired, basically the best tech company that was there, super fast growing. And I basically locked my way into software sales. And I had no clue what I was getting myself into. And then time goes by and you make 50,000 cold calls and now we're a veteran. I never had an internship, I had no connections and technology, I had nobody saying, hey, this is the way, this is what to do. I just had a goal of getting a sales job in a big city anywhere outside of the state of Ohio. So I moved myself to Dallas, Texas and I show up day one and I have no clue what an SDR is. It stands for Sales Development Representative. And if you hope to get in software sales, the entry level role is Sales Development Representative or Business Development Representative. They're basically the same thing. And the goal is to basically prospect, cold call, do whatever it takes to set up meetings with companies to generate pipeline. And we'll get into what that means in a moment, but you're basically prospecting cold calling and doing all you can to generate interest to sell your product or service to the market. So I show up day one, they hand me a headset and they train me and they say, hey, this is what our solution does. These are the people that might be interested in buying it, go set up meetings with them. So I start cold calling, I start sending emails and I wasn't naturally good at it. I really struggled my first month, I was one of the worst performing reps and everyone in sales will inevitably have that moment. If it doesn't work out, I'll just go work for the competitor and they'll pay me more and they'll give me the next promotion. It's, hey, I'm gonna make this work no matter what. And that's how I was able to go into an SDR position, tech sales, no connections, no internships, no experience and really start to figure out over time. And four years later, I promoted from a entry-level SDR to a senior account executive for X Y income and I know we're gonna talk about the money in a bit. Got it, really, really good points there. I do wanna clarify one thing. For software sales, do you recommend getting a degree or is this something that you can just get into without a degree? Most of the leading companies that are hiring have that line item that they mandate a bachelor's degree. But I do know that there are alternative paths in our friend Troy at Course Career Connect, excuse me. They provide a great alternative education path to help people with no degree get in. So the barriers to entry are lower than some other career paths. You don't need a degree, but I would say it's gonna be a lot easier to get in with a degree. Got it, and speaking of Course Careers, if you do wanna learn more about software sales, Troy does have a really good introductory course where he kinda teaches you how Course Careers works, how he was able to get companies to drop that degree requirement. And basically what Course Careers is, is he will train you in tech sales as a SDR BDR and then he actually helps you to get internships with companies. So he essentially will get you interviews with companies and it has a ridiculously high success rate because in your first week after graduating two weeks, you're probably gonna have like somewhere between five to seven interviews. So pretty good chance that you're gonna be able to land one of those jobs. So you wanna check that out and see how Course Careers works. I'm gonna go ahead and put that down in the description as well as the pinned comment. If you do decide to use Troy's service, I do have a $50 coupon that is gonna be Shane 50. I'll put that down in the description and the comment. And I'll add to that Shane. So I had Troy on my podcast and I've researched a lot of these tech sales boot camps and one of the leading ones, I went and looked at the faculty and their head instructor of content has never done sales before and they take a percentage of your income when you get hired, it's crazy to me. It's almost like stealing and preying on people that need the help. So Troy does it a little bit differently and I've seen some incredible success stories as well. Folks going from janitors to 70K, your tech sales job. So definitely worth checking out if you find yourself in that category of no bachelor degree but you wanna get into this profession, absolutely. Yeah, I think it's a great option for people who either wanna skip college, they went to college but they got a degree that doesn't really help them get jobs too much or they went to college, they got a degree and they're in a career where they're not really happy with it. It's not really fulfilling or satisfying and they wanna try another career out where they don't have to go back to college for four or five years, you can get into it and learn on the job. So those are kind of the three categories of people who I see tech careers and tech sales in general just being a good option for. Okay, so we talked about your first job. Can you take us through the progression of the jobs or the positions that you've had within tech sales? As we discussed the entry-level role in tech sales, software sales, and we use those interchangeably. I look at tech sales as an umbrella. When I say software sales, it's SaaS, software as a service. There's other aspects of tech sales which could be infrastructure as a service. An example would be AWS at Amazon. So I work in SaaS software as a service. The entry-level position is SDR, sales development representative, and or BDR, business development representative. Both of them are responsible for basically taking the product to market, generating pipeline.  So maybe we agree to set up a demo and whatever the potential deal value would be, let's say I would sell my software to you for $5,000. The pipeline amount would be $5,000 because that's what we may be able to sell the deal for. When you master all things prospecting, cold calling, pipeline generation, communication, you will promote up to an AE, which stands for Account Executive. You still have to generate pipeline. You still have to cold call. It's never going away. And that's why I love doing it so much. You also are now responsible for actually closing revenue. You are working deals.  And we will do a discovery call. So I'm trying to understand, Shane, what is your pain? We need more viewership. We need more subscribers. We need more everything. So that's the pain. So I'm gonna say, well, my solution, well, I absolutely help with that. So I wanna show it to you. We're gonna go to a demo and then we're gonna negotiate and then we're gonna close the deal. So that's what an Account Executive does. I close deals. I sell to other companies. And I do this all day, every day.  For example, most of the water bottles, I'm not gonna say the brand, but I work with the manufacturer of those water bottles. And it's cool to, you start to drive around and you say, wow, I work with that brand. I see them. And yeah, you're looking at it. So we're not giving any free plugs. There are no sponsors today. But as an Account Executive, I'm four years of my career. I forexed my income going from SDR to a senior Account Executive. And the next level up is what's called an Enterprise Account Executive. This means you are working with the biggest brands in the world, the Fortune 500 companies and at my company, organizations that do more than $5 billion in revenue, that's considered an Enterprise Organization. So you need to reach the Enterprise Account Executive tier, basically, which is usually anywhere from six to 10 years of experience to really have the capacity to do these sales motions because they are so complicated. And that's when the big bucks really start to get into play because you're making minimum $250,000 a year. And I'm happy to walk through each of the earning thresholds at each of those. But that's if you're an individual contributor staying as a sales rep. A lot of people are interested in leadership. So you absolutely can go a leadership route, which looks a little bit different and the pay will vary as well. It just comes down to, are you a peer hunter? Do you just wanna go make it happen? Or do you really enjoy helping? You have to enjoy helping people, but if you really wanna help people advance and blossom in their career, then a leadership path may be for you. All right, so the most important question, the question everybody wants to know, let's talk about the money now. I'm not sure how comfortable you are with the exact numbers. If you're not comfortable telling me your exact numbers, you can always tell me just generally speaking what people can expect with an entry level role, maybe one year in, two years in, three years in, account executive versus SDR, whatever you're comfortable with, but let's talk about the money. Let's talk about the money. Ultimately, that's what everyone cares about. That's what it's been building towards because the reason why we work is hopefully you enjoy it and the more you enjoy it, the better you're gonna be at it. When I started as an SDR right out of college, my on-target earning was $50,000. And keep in mind, this is four years ago. This is a long time ago. Inflation pay has increased. So my base pay was $40,000. My base pay was $40,000. My variable pay was $10,000. That lasted for about six months. I basically made $65,000 my first year. And what you'll see is there's a trend if I've always outperformed my on-target earning because that is what a performance-based career afford you. You can make more money than you're expected to make. Most of these ordinary careers that most people go to college for, you don't have the ability to make more than you're expected to make.  With sales, if you perform, you promote and you get paid. When I promoted to an SDR too, my on-target earning increased to, I believe, $65,000. So my base pay increased and my variable pay, my commission increased. My second year, so at age 23-ish, right out of college, I ended up making about $85-ish, $1,000, give or take, which I was pumped about. I believe that money is just numbers on a screen. It's nice to make. You want to be in the right place. But by being in this situation, it has motivated me to say, I need to work harder. I need to get more creative. I need to find more ways to make money add value. And by joining software sales, it allows you to quickly forex your income. And it's not a joke. It's real. It's out there and there's a lot of money for the taking. Got it. So you forexed your income. So what are you making at this time? So my on-target earning is $207,000 this year in my current position. I get paid out twice a month and the commission is basically, whatever I close in revenue this month, I get paid out in two months. So there's not an exact number of this is exactly what I'm making because it fluctuates. But at the end of the year, I anticipate to make well over $200,000 at age 26. That is incredible. And it just seems to be going up every single year. If you look at the graph, it's just going up, up, up every single year. So the sky's the limit. And like you said, you've got a lot of room for vertical growth. If you want to continue with sales, got a lot of room for horizontal growth. If you want to start your own business or move into a different position, more leadership sort of thing, that's extremely impressive. And that's what's possible when you have a very valuable skill set, which is sales. You combine that with an industry that has probably the most opportunity out of any industry in the world, which is technology. So you combine those two things together and magical things happen. And if you think about industry, imagine the people everybody looks up to in society. And Mark Zuckerberg, I'm not saying everyone has a favorable opinion. You have Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk. They're all tech founders. I believe everything is shifting in the early 2000s. It was hedge funds. It was, okay, these big money guys. VCs play a role in this too.  Whereas tech's a little bit more progressive. You have the cafeteria, you have the ping pong tables, and you're not completely selling your soul and you can still have some work-life balance in tech because they value that as a culture because that's the only way to actually attract and retain the best talent. That's a great point. And a lot of the talent that would be going into law or finance is now going into tech because they see that it's great no matter what career path you choose. Like if you choose to start your own business, it's great. Technology is a great industry to start a business in. If you choose to rise up as a salesperson, for instance, that's great. There's a lot of room for vertical growth. You can make over a million dollars a year in tech sales. Like there are people in tech sales that make well over a million a year. If you wanna kind of go the executive route, more of the corporate route, if that's the lifestyle you'd like, there's a lot of room for growth there as well. So yeah, I definitely agree with you there. And yeah, tech, it's not even debatable. It's definitely the best industry. I would argue there's one industry that's more recession-proof than tech and that is healthcare. Healthcare is more recession-proof without a doubt than any other industry. And then also working in the government. And I have a video coming out on that as well. So working for the government and healthcare are probably the two most recession-proof industries, but tech is up there. Tech is relatively safe as well, just because I think a lot of the big companies when the layoffs do come, they're gonna see this as an opportunity to acquire the best talent, right? They're gonna see it as a competitive advantage for them to be able to pick up really good talent from the companies that do decide to lay people off because they know the recession is probably only gonna last maybe a year, two years at most, something like that. And at the end of those two years, yeah, maybe they lost some money. They, you know, expenses got a little bigger. They're not making as much money, but they were able to acquire extra talent. So in the long run, they're gonna end up winning. And that's really what they wanna do. They're definitely more like future focused typically in tech. So what I've seen in the marketplace is I think people have gotten lazy. And I think people have gotten entitled as well. You have this great resignation tailwind. A lot of people saying, I'm not happy where I'm at today. I'm not seeing the career progression. I'm gonna go take this job that pays me $10,000 more a year, whatever it may be. And a lot of people have been shifting around. Everyone's calling for remote work, which I work remotely three days a week. I go into the office two days a week. But a lot of people are also refusing to go back to the office. And I think all of these signs are gonna catch up and it's gonna hit abruptly.  A lot of people are gonna get reality checks and the talent is naturally gonna rise. So for those of you who have been putting the work, who have been focused on getting better, it's gonna pay off in the long run and you need to be in the right vehicle, such as tech, finance, like we're talking about so that you can get appropriately compensated based on your skillset because it's all about the opportunity vehicle you're in, not just how good you actually are. All right, well, thank you so much for coming on the channel, Trent, and sharing your knowledge. Definitely go check out Trent's channel again. I'll have it pop up on the screen. I'll put it down in the description below as well. And yeah, so thank you so much again. Go connect with me on LinkedIn too, guys. I'm happy to help however I can. Awesome, have a good one.


So I wanted to take a minute and talk a little bit about business, YouTube, this site, and the changes that have come to the YouTube Partner Program. So for those of you that maybe just watch YouTube, you may have seen an ad or two unless you got our YouTube read like myself and we don't see ads anymore. But the important part about this is one of the incentives they have for creating all this content putting on YouTube is the revenue sharing that occurs with the audience. So you watch an ad, YouTube gets some money from the ad to support the site and the system and then we get a little cut of that too as the creator who's creating the content that's been the general relationship as it goes and this is why content demonization, everything else can be a real pain in the butt because a lot of people make their entire living as a content creator. Now that doesn't directly apply to me. I enjoy that I make a few dollars off these videos but the reality is this affects tech YouTubers kind of a lot, especially the small ones like myself because we put a lot of effort into our content and some of the people may be discouraged by how much more difficult because it's a lot of hours they want you to have of watch time to get this. Now the good news is, I'm not going anywhere and even dealing with all the monetization problems and things like that, it's so honestly, I like that I get money from YouTube. I appreciate the money I get from YouTube. YouTube won't pay my bills, running this company, buying this computer, keeping this cameras. No, the YouTube is, I'm far from it and with tech channels, it's very difficult because we're not doing something that fits the mass audience. I know a lot of people are searching for PF sense and free NAS videos and that's how they find me but a lot of people compared to the size and scope of YouTube, it's really not a lot of people. So I know my channel is not going to be one of those top trending things. I'll be fastened if YouTube put a firewall video as a trending video. That would be really interesting but extremely unlikely based on a general audience. You see the things that appeal to greater public more. We do some phone videos and I've done one, I don't know, there's a lot of people who do really, really good job on phone videos and those are great and that is a mass audience thing. So I know there's a little bit of interest in reviewing phones but I don't know that's not really my tech focus at the moment. I'm focused on creating a lot of the other videos that I'm known for which will be free NAS, Linux, firewall, open source stuff. So that being said, starting today, they're changing all the bills requirement for monetization to 4,000 hours of watch time in the past 12 months and 1,000 subscribers. Now this is because there's been a horrible amount of abuses but this only addresses the minor issues and thank you for everyone who's been helping me with the problem I did have early on but things like this have fixed it. People just plagiarizing my YouTube by copying my most popular videos and simply uploading them because that would get them views and revenue because they would just title them exactly the same as mine and then you would think it's a different video because they changed the thumbnail and it would just be my video. Matter of fact, they had some with me in it. The people who are doing this are shameless. They will copy a lot of other people's channels even if it's them in the video. They don't make any effort to hide it and for the most part, people don't think about it and I don't think they necessarily should. I mean, thank you for those who do consider it and send it over to me. A lot of people go, I'm looking for a thing. I found the thing. I just watched a video.  So this solves a lot of that. The changes they've made have solved a lot of that. This doesn't solve Logan Paul problems where mass amounts of idiocy just get really popular for a mass audience and then YouTube promotes it and puts them in the trending thing. Now, the reason YouTube does this is because the ad revenue from the video, they get some too and they know people will watch the guy. Even people who don't like the guy will watch it so they can be appalled by him. It's like this big conglomeration of I don't want to watch him but I'm watching him because I want to know what he's going to do but I can't stand what he's doing and then there's the people who go, yeah, that's cool to go behave that way. Those type of YouTube problems, I'm not sure how they're going to resolve. This doesn't address them. I'm worried a little bit that maybe this would discourage people but I want to make sure people understand that YouTube shouldn't be your single revenue source. It isn't mine. There's Patreon. There's the fact that I own a business and make money and then have a passion for doing this is why I do it so that overall, this shouldn't be. I mean, the reality is when you only have that many subscribers or even I right now and I'm close to 15,000 subscribers and let me jump over to my analytics here. Yeah, 15,000 subscribers and 1 million watch time of minutes, 190,000 views just in the last 28 days. That's all cool but this doesn't make much money. Yeah, it's not like there's some huge amount of money just flying away because of this. That's why you have companies and you see people in other tech channels. We're going to talk about a lot of the computer building channels. They find sponsors. That's really the way you're going to make a lot more revenue. YouTube revenue, cool but doesn't really pay for the time and effort you put into it. If it was just based on that and if you're trying to build your YouTube just based on that, you're going to be in trouble. That's not going to do well for you. It's just great. Like I said, I'm very happy that I make money off of this but it's not as much as you might think. So people who think that you live in the YouTube life, it's not because of the money that you're getting from here. Matter of fact, if you spent any two seconds watching, it really only takes two seconds of watching Logan Paul and he'll tell you, you got to buy that merch because that's his monetization is selling all of his merchandise that he makes margin on. He gets a fat check from YouTube for all the views because he's big but it's all the other things around there. So if you're building a strategy that you want to make videos to get rich, I don't think that's a great idea. Hopefully you're doing it because you have passion for the creativity but if that's your goal is to make money on YouTube, you got to look at all the revenue sources because this is where the money comes from. It's not just from YouTube. It's from all the other pieces. So even if you don't have a monetized channel, but you get enough views. Now, the other problem is a lot of people are trying to do sub for sub, which means, oh, you subscribe to my channel, subscribe to yours and watch my video and I'll watch yours. I find that my videos do well because I put a lot of effort into content. I'm not bragging. I'm saying I have the best content out there. But I know my other ones did bad because they were bad and you have to sometimes look and it's hard because there's a lot of luck in the algorithm too. That's just a mystery and you might get a shout out from someone which is really cool. But I've got companies like Unify have retweeted my videos. Renance has retweeted my videos. The guys at PF Sense have retweeted my videos. We've interacted with the Citrix Zen people. Those type of things are wonderful but they didn't do it just because they did it because they go, okay, that person put some effort into the content. The tutorial is accurate, it's good and then we shall share it because it's about our product and it's in depth. It's good content. If you're someone who's just going, oh, like it does a thing and you kind of click here and you're doing a really bad one or people who have a lot of these bad videos, I've seen some of them. I mean, this is what, hey, I'm bad when I started too. But if you're asking why you don't have a lot of views, really look at your content and if there's someone else creating similar content that's doing really well, compare it. See what the differences are. Learn from that. I've watched so many YouTubers and realized so many things I was doing wrong. There's a ton. This is one of my favorite things. The best place to learn about how to be a YouTuber?  Go on YouTube and there's so many people willing to share so much. Casey Neistat, he's just an amazing guy where he puts together. He's got a great cinematography thing and I learned a lot and it's so much that he focuses on content and he really tells you to focus on content. And if you really look back at him, it's interesting his growth. Part of Casey's thing is he really doesn't say a lot. If you added up the sum of words, a little bit of inspirational message, a whole lot of cinematography, 10-minute video. Like you know, he's got a million subscribers. He did this every day. He did great cinematography.  You're like, hey, cool. And a lot of people try to emulate him. You don't want it.   I don't do vlogs like Casey does, but those type of people make you think. So this whole change to the YouTube thing, I get worried that people get discouraged, but don't. If you're, you should be discouraged already if you think the only piece of the pie is starting off with YouTube and only make money directly from YouTube. That's not going to, that's not going to do it for you. You have to look at the big picture, look at other monetizations, if your goal is to make a lot of money from this. We are looking at other ways to make money on it, but I didn't start this just as a cash grab or my life. I'm lucky that my passions align with ways to make money. That makes it easy. I've done really well in the IT business and the tech career I've had has been, has gone well, is still going well. And sharing with you guys, people who want to watch this channel and learn about firewalls and things like that, love it. That's exciting to me being able to share all this with you and YouTube being a platform to do it. Everyone's like, I can't wait to leave this platform. Well, any platform is going to have some of the same problems. I mean, I would like to see competitors in the market because of two companies compete in a market space like this and they kind of go ahead to head with each other. There's general improvements when there's competition because they don't, they want to keep the audience attention on each side. But it's not like I'm going to dismiss YouTube. It's, they're in a learning process. They're moving forward and hopefully they get more transparent about how they're doing it, but they are doing it. It is happening. We're all watching this in real time because this isn't how your thing didn't exist just not that many years ago. So this is all some giant social human experiment all lived out in real time. It's not like they're following a game plan because we had this. I mean, you can make analogies to things being similar, but there's really never been a time when you have this unmediated vision of the creators directly to you. Like I create things. I put them on here. I self publish, so to speak on YouTube. And boom, YouTube is just facilitating you being able to get to my content. That's amazing. Before, if you wanted to do anything, there's people who've just come up with their TV series and things like that. And they had to do pitches to Hollywood and the TV executives and the guarded small group of people were essentially the decision makers for the greater audience.  And we have some wonderful YouTubers out there that are creating amazing content. And they're just doing it directly. They've shared parts of their life. They share the passions they have. They have a common interest with you. And other than making a few dollars on the ads, it's kind of an easy connection. I don't think there's not been a system like this before. So we are in very uncharted territories. So I'm not trying to give YouTube a break. They can always be better. But take that for what it's worth, but these are the changes for monetization. I'll leave a link to it below. This is right on the YouTube creators' Google blog. So you can read this for yourself because it's got a few other things on there. So it's not, yeah. So it's not like that big of a deal, but I want to make sure I'm linked to this. Too many people have linked to all these other articles and taken something out of context. Read this context, and then you can read the opinions of other articles or me. Read this and then watch this video because it'll be in the thing below. All right, thanks.


Site development is a unit that sits within site management and we support the site management structure by developing the physical infrastructure that will improve the living conditions for the refugees. So this site was forest. There's been rapid deforestation We're all familiar with sand castles and then when the rain comes in and it slumps It's not going to be dissimilar effect on this landscape when the wet season arrives in March. Number one priority at the moment is to improve access to the site and access throughout the site. So at a macro level, that's vehicle access and that will facilitate distribution as well as access to primary health care centres and other key services, but also pedestrian access. So widening existing pathways Constructing pedestrian crossings because the terrain is very hostile. We are doing a lot of what we call high-impact projects that are quick and dirty solutions that will provide access in this initial emergency response phase and it's as simple as dropping sandbags in areas that are otherwise inaccessible. Using the sandbags to reinforce the pathways or as simple retention and also around water points especially where there's not adequate drainage and there's a lot of water pooling So we're doing a lot of small-scale interventions as well as like larger zone-level interventions to mitigate these hazards.


Good morning, dear friends, and welcome to this session on DC characteristics of op-amp. We are going to have rather two sessions on this. This is the first session on DC characteristics of op-amp, and Dr. Sachin R. Gengze, Professor and Head, Department of Electronics Engineering at Walshchand Institute of Technology, Seoul. What are the learning outcomes of this session? After completing this session, student will be able to explain difference between an ideal op-amp and practical op-amp. Also he can explain some of the input characteristics like input bias current, input offset current and input offset voltage of an op-amp. The contents of this session include, first we will try to understand difference between an ideal and practical op-amp, and then we will have a look at the different characteristic of op-amp like input bias current, input offset current and input offset voltage. What is an operational amplifier? We already know op-amp is a directly coupled hydrogen amplifier. It is available as a single chip or single IC. It is a versatile device, can be used for DC and AC applications and also it can be used for some of the mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, integration. It can be used to design oscillators, active filter, comparator, regulator and many more other circuits. What are the characteristics of an ideal op-amp? Few of the characteristics of ideal op-amp includes, first it has infinite input impedance or resistance. So, R i is equal to infinity. It has a zero output resistance, R 0 equal to 0. Infinite open loop voltage gain, that is open loop voltage gain is A which is equal to infinite. It has an infinite bandwidth, it can it means that it can amplify all the signals, all frequency signal with the same voltage gain and it has a zero phase shape. It means that the output and input signal are in phase and then it has a zero offset voltage. However, when we are dealing with the practical op-amp, it is going to be different than the ideal op-amp. Let us have a look at an equivalent circuit, a very simplified equivalent circuit of a practical op-amp. Look at this, this is called as an input resistance. We know that in case of ideal op-amp, this input resistance is infinite. In other words, this should be an open circuit. But in case of practical op-amp, this R i is not infinite, but will have some finite value. Similarly, look at this, which is an R 0 or the output resistance. In case of ideal op-amp, we say that the R 0 equals to 0. It means that this part should be actually a short circuit. But in case of practical op-amp, the R 0 is not 0, but has some small finite value. This is what is the actual gain offered by the op-amp, which is nothing but A that is open loop gain multiplied by V i d, a differential voltage, which is nothing but a difference in a voltage between the non-inverting and inverting terminal. Similarly, this represents the voltage transfer curve of an op-amp, which is represented by the V i d. So, plus V i d, you can see that on excess, I am representing V i d. So, if it is a plus V i d, it means that V i d is nothing but V 1 minus V 2. So, if it is a plus V i d, then it simply means that it is a difference between non-inverting and inverting input. Non-inverting input is greater and then similarly, when it is a minus V i d, it simply means that the inverting input is inverting input voltage is greater than non-inverting input voltage. In this case, when the non-inverting input is greater, that this is a differential voltage and you can see that the output of the op-amp will rise very steeply and then it becomes into a saturation. Similarly, when the V i d is negative, it means that the inverting input is greater than also the output voltage will rise on Y axis. We have an output voltage which will rise very steeply and then it becomes into a saturation. This part of the op-amp is called this is where we can use op-amp in an active region. This is the part, this part and this part where we are using op-amp into a saturation region. This A represent the slope of this, this is represented by A, which is nothing but the open loop gain of an op-amp. In case of an ideal op-amp, this is going to be exactly vertical because A is going to be infinite. But in case of practical op-amp, the slope is very high or this line is very steep, but it will have some finite slope. Now, what is the difference between an ideal op-amp and a practical op-amp? The ideal op-amp do not take any current from source and its response is independent of temperature. That is what we assume the ideal op-amp as the input input resistance of an ideal op-amp is infinite. It is not taking any current from the source which is driving it and similarly, the working op-amp this op-amp is not depending on the temperature. However, for practical op-amp, there are three things which are happening. First, the practical op-amp do take some current from the source. Secondly, the two input that is inverting and non-inverting input respond differently to voltage and current due to the mismatch of the two transistors at the input stage. Later, we are going to look at there is a differential amplifier at the input stage of the op-amp and there are two transistors which are rather responding differently to the voltages and current and thirdly, the working of the practical op-amp depend upon the temperature. As you can see, this is an equivalent circuit of an op-amp. The first stage of op-amp consists of a differential amplifier formed because of these two input transistors Q1 and Q2. The non-inverting input is directly driving the base of the Q1. The inverting input is directly driving the base of the Q2 and if there is a mismatch in the fabrication of this Q1 and Q2 which is bound to happen, then the Q1 and Q2 and hence, the inverting terminal and non-inverting terminal are going to respond differently for the input voltages. Now, these non-ideal DC characteristics, what happened because of this? Because of this, it adds error to the working of an op-amp and what are these error or what are these, what happened because of this? Because of this, there are three, four things that may happen. The first is called as an input bias current. The second is called as an input offset current. Then there is an input offset voltage and then there is what is called as a thermal drip. So, let us have a look at these one by one. What is the input bias current? The first important DC characteristic of practical op-amp is nothing but an input bias current. Now, we know that there are two transistors at the input of the op-amp and they are either VJT or FET and they are biased in their linear region. Ideally, no current is drawn by the op-amp input. So, no current enters into the base of these two transistors but practically very small current is drawn by the basis of these two transistors. Now, these two current which is IB1 which is into a non-inverting terminal of an op-amp and then IB2 which is current into the inverting terminal of op-amp, they are ideally they should be 0 but they are not 0 to further complicate they are not equal also. So, these give rise to the first parameter of an op-amp which is called as an input bias current. So, as you can see, even though both the input terminals are connected to ground, some small current is entering and that into the base into the inverting and non-inverting terminal and that is called as an average of that is called as an input bias current. So, input bias current is the average of the current that flows into the inverting and non-inverting terminal of the op-amp. So, IB1 plus IB2 divided by 2 gives an IB. So, one of the way to specify the quality of the op-amp is depending upon how much is that IB. So, if for example, in case of 741C, the IB has a maximum value of plus or minus 500 nanoampere similarly and for a better op-amp like a precision 741C, this IB or input bias current is very less, it is equal to plus or minus 7 nanoampere. The second parameter is called as an input offset voltage. We already know that IB1 and IB2 are the two currents which are supposed to be 0, but they are non-zero, they are non-equal and then the difference between that, the absolute difference between the IB1 and IB2 is called as an input offset current. So, input offset current is the difference between the current that is entering into the inverting and non-inverting terminals of the op-amp and it is an absolute difference because we cannot predict whether the IB1 is greater or IB2 is greater. So, I am saying that the input offset current is an absolute difference between IB1 and IB2. Again, some of the specification, let us have look at the some of the specifications of a typical op-amp for 741C, the value of input offset current is 200 nanoampere and again for the precision 741C which is a better op-amp, this value is very less which is equal to 6 nanoampere. Now, you can pause the video and answer what is the input bias current and input offset current for an ideal op-amp? We have seen that there are some values for the practical op-amp, but what do you think should be the input bias current and input offset current of an ideal op-amp? So, please pause the video for some time and answer these questions. Lastly, we come to a parameter called as an output offset voltage. We know that when both the inputs of the op-amp are connected to the 0, that inverting and non-inverting are connected to ground, then there should not be any output voltage. However, even though both the inputs are connected to the ground, we get certain output voltage and that output offset output voltage is called as an output offset voltage. Now, in order to nullify this output offset voltage, we need to apply some small DC input voltage either to the inverting terminal or to the non-inverting terminal of an op-amp and that small voltage that we must apply it between the two input terminals of the op-amp, so as to make the output offset voltage equal to 0 is called as an input offset voltage. Again, for 741C, the input offset voltage is 6 milliholt and that for the precision 741C, the input offset voltage is 150 micro-olt. So, this is another important parameter of an op-amp called as an input offset voltage. With that, we come to the end of the today's session and I am leaving you with some points to be discussed. First is, is it possible to have ideal op-amp? If no, why? Secondly, even if real op-amp is available, will it be useful as an amplifier? The clue for discussion of this question is that please remember the transfer characteristic of an op-amp and think whether even if real op-amp is available, will it be useful as an amplifier? If no, why? References for today's session are again op-amp and linear integrated circuit by Ramakan Ghaikwad and the second book you have to refer is linear integrated circuit by Raj Choudhury and Shai Jai. Thank you, dear student for listening.


Hey guys, Anthony here from the 21th convention. I'm with Robbie Kramer, the host and emcee of both the 21th convention London 2012 as well as Austin, Texas. Robert, you gave your speech this morning. Rep for mine. Can you tell the YouTube online audience what exactly it was about in the synopsis format? Yeah. I covered a lot of the guys that had been interacting with the event. They kept asking me questions, you know, what's the difference between intergame and outer game? You know, should I focus on inner or outer? And to me, it's all the same thing. So my talk was about the merging of the two and not just that, but how to get good in a way that's really simple and how the actions you're taking will also build confidence at the same time if they're the correct actions. Because for me for the longest time I'd go out and I'd be trying to meet women and I would just be kind of throwing darts at a board and if I had a bad night I was upset and if I had a good night I was happy but it wasn't, there was really no rhyme or reason for what I was doing and then I got smart about it and I decided even if I don't get the results I want I'm still building confidence in the process. For the long term. For the long term. So I think if you structure everything you do in a way that even if you don't get the result you still build confidence I think you're never wasting your time and you're always going to grow. Cool. Yeah. I think the guys got a lot out of it to still catchphrase from you. I heard today. The guys were I think really impressed. In particular the guys that were in London that heard your speech there which is all the different from this one. I don't think how much to do with each other. Yeah. So an improvement and certainly you have you know if you don't mind commenting you did a great job in London you did an even better job here with the event in general and your speech as it turns out. At least as far as the attendees are concerned I think as I've talked to you as well. Yeah. As you experienced it. So it's been badass having you and I think you're going to appreciate you coming to the event. Yeah. Thanks for having me. Yeah.