Rhyw hwn i'r rai iawn, i'n siŵr i'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r cyfrannu'r ysgolion gan gofyn, ond y mae'r ysgolion ar y ffordd y gymryd Michael Gove. Michael, ydych chi'n fawr i'r ffordd o gweithio i'r ffordd o'r Bermingham, ond yw'r rhagwch yn ychaf o'r cyfrannu. Mae'r yw'r hoffa, dwi'n pray yw 12 oed yn y Manchistag, byddwn i'r ysgolion i'r gwaith i'r gweithio i'r gwladau yn gyfrannu, ond mae'n ymdweud ond mae'n dweud o'r cyffredig oes yn ddech chi. Ond oherwydd, rydw i'n ddim yn gweithio'r rhaid i'r cyffredig o'r cyffredig ac i'r lle. Rhaid i'n gweithio ar gyfer, Andy. Rhaid i'n gweithio. Oedd ymddangos ar Birmingham yma yma. Mae'r cyffredig yn y fath o'r byd yn hyn o'r hyn yn y lle yn y ddiolch.  Mae'r ffordd o'r ddweud yn ystod yn y newyddau newydd, roedd gyrryd, yng Nghymru, yn northfield, ac am unrhyw o'r gwrs iawn yn y ddweud, yn y ddweud hyn i hystodol yn y ffodol. Yn ystod y gallu llyfr o'r llwyddoedd yma, mae'n rhaid i'n gwneud ymlaen i'r ymddangos y coronavirus, a rhaid i'n gwneud ymlaen i'r eich eich centau ar y bwrdd, mae'n ymlaen i'r busnes, o'r hosbeth, o'r hirio'r hwnnw, a'n ymlaen i'r hwoes yn ymlaen i'r hefyd, ond mae'n rhaid i'r hefyd i'r hefyd yn y rhaid i'r hefyd. Mae'n amlwg ymlaen i'r prifyddiad o'r Prif Weinidog yn ymddangos, I remember vividly the news that the Prime Minister had been taken into hospital and then into intensive care. I think it was a moment when the whole country held its breath and rallied round. Boris made an amazing recovery. He's now back at the heart of government displaying enormous energy. He's the liveest wire in the room, but there is a lot that we do need to do because as we come up to the end of this year, not only do we need to make sure that we are dealing with the virus effectively, we've also got to build back better, our economic recovery needs to gather steam, and we also need to make sure that the particular challenges that we face at the end of the transition period in December 31 were ready for, but the new opportunities after January 1, we also take advantage of. So, Michael, I'm sure there will be mountains of discussion about the government's coordination of the attack on the pandemic, but I think this morning I want to ask you about some of the other things that you are directly responsible for, and of course we'll have some questions from delegates, virtual delegates just in a little time, but I'm hoping for a scoop in this first question and I push my luck. We know you're the man at the heart of the Brexit negotiations, so what chance this free trade deal? Well, I'm optimistic. The principal negotiator is David Frost, Lord Frost, and I'm one of his wingmen helping to make sure that we get this over the line, and it's been a tough process because the EU has never had to cope with any country leaving its orbit before, and it's a bit difficult. As we leave the nest and we become good neighbours rather than uncomfortable lodgers, the EU has to adjust, and several of the aspects of adjustment have proved difficult for the European Union, recognising that we share the same high environmental and workforce standards that they do, but we want to do things in our own way, is a bit difficult for them, and also there's a very vexed issue to do with fisheries. The EU think that they should have exactly the same access to our waters outside the European Union as they had inside, but I think that with goodwill we should be able to get a deal. The Prime Minister is talking to the European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen later today, and again, I suspect that there'll be one or two ups and downs on the way, but I am optimistic that we will get a deal, but if we don't, we have been making extensive preparations to be ready for anything. The British people voted for us to leave, we are determined to honour that, but obviously if we can secure a negotiated outcome and a free trade agreement, that would be hugely helpful for sectors of the economy, not least the automotive sector. Absolutely, and I have to say, take this opportunity while I have your ear, that really, really matters to the West Midlands of course, the future of the car industry, so we're very much behind you in that negotiation and hoping for that free trade deal. Well, again, Andy, you've been an amazing champion for not just the whole economy of the West Midlands, but in particular for the automotive sector, and we know that JLR and other companies are flagship British manufacturing concerns, and it's also the case that they're forward looking, I remember visiting with you, and looking at the future of transport and recognising that we're at the cutting edge of technology, we want to do everything possible to make sure that those great manufacturing companies and the thousands of jobs that depend on them are safe and are capable of taking advantage of the new opportunities that free trade will bring. Again, our colleague Liz Tross has got a free trade deal with Japan, the world's third largest economy, better than the deal that we had when we were in the EU, so let's hope we get that EU deal and that we can get the other trade agreements as part of that suite of free trade deals as well. Thank you, very encouraging that bit. Now the other big subject of course that taking us right back to last December's general election is of course levelling up, so it was so right at the heart of the Conservative promise back in December, and it's tough to keep the focus on that one when the pandemic has come and blown us and attacked us all, but I know you are absolutely resolute in that commitment, so just tell us a little bit about how you think that'll shape up. The Prime Minister, as I said during the crisis and has told us in the Cabinet that far from retreating from levelling up we need to double down, and the reason for that is that as we look at the impact of COVID on our country, it's reinforced a key insight at the heart of Boris' approach towards the future of the country, and that is that while talent is spread equally across the country, opportunity is not. And we know that there have been some vivid examples of the way in which COVID has hit some communities worse than others, and we also know that the economic difficulties that COVID has inevitably created will have an impact on some parts of the country greater than others, and so what we really need to do is to build back better by being a more cohesive country, and that means specifically making sure that in the West Midlands, in the Northwest, in Teeside and in Tyneside that we make the investments required in order to give people the economic opportunity and the chance to recover, which is so important, and that means everything from looking at free ports, which will be opportunities for all of us to make sure that there can be new, enterprising free trading centres of excellence in areas like Teeside. It also means that we need to look at big transport projects. The government has backed HS2. It's vitally important that we build on that with improved transport links across the country, but we also need to look at skills as well, and the Prime Minister outlined earlier this week his approach through the lifetime skills guarantee to making sure that vocational and technical education, so critical to our economic recovery, is something we invest in, and in one area that I'm particularly close to, we're also looking at government jobs. Far too many government jobs tend to be in the Westminster and Whitehall village. We have an amazing civil service and it's drawn its resources and people from lots of different communities. I think we now need to give back to those communities as well, and I think we need some of the big government departments and the big decision makers, not in London, but closer to where the action is in the West Midlands, the North West, Teeside and Tyneside. That is a very encouraging answer because actually I'm going to turn to the iPad now and the questions that have come in and the first one in a sense you have covered. It simply says it's from an anonymous contributor. Are you going to move government departments north and if so, will you make sure there are jobs for local people? So I think in a sense you've answered that, Michael. Yes, absolutely. And again, one of the things in the past is that people of great talent from across the United Kingdom have looked to London and felt that London is the place that they have to go in order to make sure that their career can develop. I wanted to be the case that whether you're in Middlesbrough or in Mansfield or in Manchester, that economic and career opportunity is close to home in the community that you care about. And that's part of what levelling up means and the civil service can play a part in that. And one of the things that we do need to do is to make sure that there are centres of excellence so that you have men and women in the civil service, men and women in the private sector and men and women in academia working together. And that's one of the things, if I may say so, about the West Midlands, which is you've got great higher education institutions, great further education colleges, and you've also got an amazing private sector economy. Government needs to play its part as well in helping to bring that together so that if we're looking, for example, at the future of the car industry and transport, you've got the innovation of our brightest technologists, you've got the smarts that you see in some of those top companies, but government also needs to play its part as well in the new energy technologies that will fire up that recovery. And just an example of where that's working well, which isn't about the car industry in the West Midlands. If you take Homes England, they have recently moved their second headquarters to Coventry. Brilliant that actually we've got that government agency thinking about our whole approach to building more homes, and it's been, as I understand it, extremely successful. Yes, and a part of the world that's very dear to me, the northeast of England, you have in Newcastle University excellence in the life sciences field, and I think one of the things that we do need to do is to recognise that our universities are often at the heart of economic success, and we have great universities across the UK, so in places like Newcastle we really should make the most of the constellation of talent that is there, and government has a critical role to play. Brilliant, so you've wetted the appetite of lots of people around the country for that now, so they'll all be looking forward to welcoming those government organisations. Now the next one, while we're sticking on geographies, this is from Scotland, and it simply says with the Scottish election next year, what is your message to Scottish voters who want to protect the union? Well, I think we're all aware that next May there are going to be really important elections in Wales, in the West Midlands, in Teeside and of course in Scotland, and in Scotland the choice essentially will be between Nicola Sturgeon and Douglas Ross. The Scottish Conservatives are the second largest party in Scotland and they are the strongest voice for keeping the United Kingdom together. I have friends in Scotland who are Labour and Liberal Democrat voters and have a lot of time and respect for them, but Keir Starmer recently has said that if Nicola Sturgeon were to win a mandate that he sees it, a majority at the next Holyrood Scottish Parliament elections, he might consider a referendum. I don't think a referendum isn't anyone's interests at all. So if we want to have a strong pro-union voice, then it's Douglas Ross and the Scottish Conservatives. But more broadly the question will be, what is it about the United Kingdom that is so important particularly at the moment? I think the Covid crisis has reminded us actually that we are stronger together and when it comes to the economic response that has helped to protect jobs in Scotland and livelihoods in Scotland, it's been the broad shoulders of the UK Treasury. It's been the great policy making genius of Rishi Sunak that has meant that we've been able to recover together. In a way I think we've had the best of both worlds. We've had a devolved Scottish Parliament that can make decisions close to the ground that it thinks are right and a strong UK government backing it up every step of the way. If Scotland were independent, then unfortunately the economic recovery would be much more difficult. The UK Treasury can borrow money on international markets more cheaply. The pound sterling enables us to invest in a more secure and powerful way. And of course the UK internal market means that the unfettered access that Scottish businesses have to the rest of the UK sustains more than half a million jobs. All that would be put at peril if there was constitutional uncertainty. The other thing about the United Kingdom is that it's a success story about inclusion. If you look at the UK, you've got the four different peoples together but it's more than just Scotland, Wales and England and Northern Ireland historically. Modern Britain, you'll know from the west but I know from London and Surrey is a success story of inclusion and if you look at our Conservative cabinet, Rishi, Alloch, Suella, Priti, there's no other government anywhere in the world which is so inclusive as our own and that reflects the fact that the UK is all about working together and I think if there's one lesson to take away from the difficult last 12 months it is we're stronger together and that's why the United Kingdom is something in which we want to invest and strengthen. Excellent and this won't surprise you having had the Scottish question, someone had to put a question in from Wales so to show our completeness over this and I'll ask you to be brief on this because some other big questions coming up. It seems that the Conservatives are looking at losing a lot of seats in Wales. I'm not so sure about that but what do you say to the Welsh public to stick with the Conservatives? Well I think actually there's a chance that we could have for the first time a Conservative first minister in Wales. In the last general election we won seats in Wales and we've got fantastic new MPs like Sarah Atherton and Wrexham who are doing a wonderful job for their constituents Virginia Crosby and Ines Mon, a seat that's been labored in Plaid Cymru, Conservative MP doing a brilliant job and I think the thing that we can argue is if you want investment in Wales it's far better to have Conservatives in Cardiff Bay working with Conservatives in Westminster in the interests of all and a Conservative Government in Cardiff Bay will ensure that you get value for money, investment in infrastructure, whether it's on the M4 or whether it's the links between Holyhead and Merseyside. We can work together in that area. No disrespect to the individuals in the Welsh Labour Party who are currently in office at the moment but they just don't have the ability to deliver for Wales in a way that Conservative politicians would. If I may say, that was the story of the West Midlands as well. People said there is no chance of us winning and we did and we've been to the Labour establishment so my message to the Welsh is be confident. Exactly and as a result you've been able to deliver because you're working effectively with Conservative Government in Westminster that is the secret source for Wales's economic recovery, cooperation between Cardiff and Westminster with Conservatives in power in both. Excellent. The next question comes from Councillor Ed Gretton and again it's about another issue very close to my heart actually. To boost our economy and jobs are we bringing forward as many infrastructure projects as possible particularly he's called out road but of course there's rail, internet and everything else? Yes, again it's a passion of Boris's. Leveling up is about making sure that economic opportunity is spread more equally across the country. That makes sense because if we can unleash talent in every part of our country we can perform better on the international stage. One of the things that's held us back in the past is that certain parts of the country have punched above their weight others have been overlooked and as a result the talent there hasn't been given the chance to flourish. That's bad for the individuals, bad for the communities but also bad for all of our economy and we need to work together and critical to that is linking people up. I mentioned HS2 brief the earlier controversial with some but absolutely necessary in order to make sure that the economic spine of the country is strengthened but we also need local rail infrastructure we need local road infrastructure we need to improve the public transport system and that's an investment not just in light rail and metro and in bus networks but we also as you quite rightly point out needed to think about infrastructure which will enable digital growth in the future 5G is going to be critical to that and I think we need to emulate those countries like South Korea which recognise that government investment in digital infrastructure helps unleash the private sector's creative energies to generate the jobs that will drive prosperity in the future. So councillor Ed, I think we can call that a pretty catagoric answer there Michael and I have to say thank you for the support for HS2 really critical to the Midlands going forward. Now you mentioned changes as a result of Covid and this one from Dr Mario Trabuco simply says what do you think about the working from home revolution as a chance to actually be part of the levelling up agenda through the redistribution? I think it's a very perceptive question I think that working from home has of course been enabled by the digital infrastructure that we have so people particularly obviously in office roles have found that Zoom and if I'm allowed to say Microsoft Teams have enabled people to work in new ways. I think the future for many will be a mixture of working from home and working in the office the future won't be completely one or the other it will be a combination. As human beings we thrive on social contact but it can also be the case that working from home means that it is easier to combine work and family life and it's also sometimes the case that productivity can be far greater when freed of some of those distractions and able to concentrate on the task in hand. Of course we also know that there are some jobs which you just obviously cannot do from home and that's why during the course of this crisis it's very clear that in a COVID secure workplace whether that is a factory or a school then life can go on not quite as before but people can be working in that environment that they've been used to but the key thing about the changes that have been enabled from working from home is exactly we can look at the future and say you don't need to have a concentration of people in a white hall department operating in that way. You can have the decision makers dispersed you can have people who are operating digitally who may come in for particular meetings but who can live and work and contribute to the life of the communities that they love outside London or outside some of our major urban centres. So thinking more flexibly about how we work can help with levelling up and it can also help once the economic recovery really takes hold. It can also help with making sure that people can have more time for the family life that is at the heart of the happiness of so many. Lovely. Lots more we're here on this I think over coming months. Now you touched on this a little but I'm going to push you a little bit more on it because it's a question coming from Lynette. Obviously we know there will be significant redundancies on the back of COVID despite everything that's been done that is unavoidable but the response to it Lynette asks will there be support and encouragement for UK industry and manufacturing in particular? Yes. We recognise that you can't have a successful economy in a country like the United Kingdom unless manufacturing is part of it and a successful economy depends on obviously financial business services it depends on innovation but financial business services need manufacturing as the bedrock which they support and innovation comes in many cases from manufacturing. Now that manufacturing can be in areas which Britain has led on in the past like aviation and aerospace as well as the automotive sector it can come from areas where we are strong but where we can be even stronger like pharmaceuticals it can also be in areas like life science politics and artificial intelligence and so on but we absolutely need to invest in these areas and we need to make sure that we've got the workforce required so that involves both the people who will be the technicians and the fixers of the future that's why the lifetime skills guarantee and investment in technical and vocational education counts so much but it will also come from some of the cutting edge technology in which our great universities are investing but it will also come from making sure that we have a strong free market culture in this country so people are prepared to take risks, invest and reap the reward the final thing that I would say is that of course there's going to be some inevitable as you say churn in the job market one of the key things about the lifetime skills guarantee is that it acknowledges that as some industries employ fewer people others will employ more and we need to be there for people at every stage in their life to help in the past people have worried about the job destroying impact of technology so people worried when cars were invented that would be the end of the line for people who are working as groups people obviously worried when you had some of the digital breakthroughs that we've had that would mean the end of employment in particular areas yes but it also meant that new jobs were created so one of the areas in which the UK excels which is the computer gaming industry there are thousands of jobs there employing people who are creative, highly skilled, technically adept those jobs simply didn't exist 30 years ago so there will be new jobs in the future but we need to be agile and government needs to help and we need to be there for people who at a time which is full of possibility is also potentially disorientating saying we will support you so that's why the retraining is so important so if I may just say it was lovely to hear the Prime Minister call out what we called our digital boot camps when he did his speech on Tuesday great success, piloted, great to see that now being taken nationally but it's exactly what you're talking about Michael now the next question is completely different and I know you feel very strongly about this I'll read it out word for word Sean Hegerty asks how can we help those who say they are unable to openly share their political opinion in fear of backlash from friends, family unions, employers and so on Well I do sympathise because one of the things that is a feature of our times is that you sometimes see particularly on social media what's being called cancel culture and that means that if people say something that others deemed to be beyond the pale then they're told your views are wrong or disreputable or unworthy I think free speech is so important it's the way in which society moves forward and makes progress we test ideas we should always do that in a courteous way and a respectful way and learn from others and if any of us find that a strong contrary views put forward we can always learn from that but one of the things that is particularly difficult I think is that there are some workplaces where people who are conservative or right of centre feel that it is something that they have to hide I think that we should welcome in any workplace a range and a diversity of views and one of the things that I've tried to say about government service overall is everyone who's a civil servant wants the government to succeed absolutely that's the professionalism at the heart of it but also I want people with different perspectives on life I want people who have perhaps spent a significant part of their time as a carer and who bring a particular sense of experience and compassion people who may not have had an easy time educationally in the first part of their life but who are flourishing later and who therefore know what adversity means and in the same way I think in every workplace you benefit from having people maybe some people who are conservative maybe some people who are liberal who feel that their own life experience is valued because it goes back to what we were talking about earlier countries only succeed when you think that everyone is valuable and you may disagree with someone but if you make the effort to understand you benefit as a result and we're all stronger Excellent, so Sean I hope that's encouraging answer for you and we've got time for just two more questions if we're relatively quick so the first one comes from Lynn Jameson and again I think this is very interesting it's been a really tough time in government because of the challenges across a whole question of communication during the crisis unprecedented challenge really so what are your reflections on that and how government needs to think about the communication process Yes it has been difficult in particular because of Covid it's a new virus and we've all had to respond as we discover more about how it works and people understandably say well we were recommended to do this a few months ago and now we're recommended to do that and the reason why is that as we know more about the virus we can be more precise in the advice that we offer but I would say that my friend Matt Hancock has been very good at establishing clear messages at critical moments so the hands face space message about how we protect others and also the rule of six some people don't like it but it is certainly clear about how we operate these are real gains we have an amazingly gifted communicator in our prime minister and also a very warm and authoritative communicator in our Chancellor of the Exchequer I think the important thing for all of us to do is just to make sure that we provide them with the platforms in order to get that message out because we also briefly have a media and I used to be a journalist on trying to say oh there's confusion and thrives on criticism that's fair enough, that is their job but our job as conservatives is to make sure that the clear leadership that the PM, the Chancellor Matt and others are showing is reflected in the messages that we get across and of course the other thing is that for people listening and watching if you think there are ways in which we can sharpen our message let us know because we benefit from having a huge array of members who care about this country and want us to get it right and of course all that will be tested as we move through the next stages of Brexit now the last question maybe I've done it as they do on the television and the radio slightly different question at the end a little bit more personal question so you've held all sorts of senior jobs in government and the question comes from Jake Attenborough and it simply says which has been your favourite and why the job that I least expected to have has been my favourite and that was being environment secretary I loved being education secretary because it's a passion of mine being justice secretary and working in prisons trying to break the cycle of crime was fascinating but as environment secretary I had a chance to play a role in making sure that the I think one of the biggest challenges that we'll face in the next 100 years which is climate change and the loss of biodiversity we could develop the right answers to that I met amazing people people not just in the world of agriculture and fisheries but also people who are responsible for maintaining and enhancing the beauty of this country one of the wonderful things about the whole of the United Kingdom is that notwithstanding some of the problems that we've had over the last 20 or 30 years it's still an amazingly beautiful biodiverse naturally rich place and you can find nature if you look for it in the heart of our cities as well as in our countryside and we need to value nature more I think all of us recognize that in the course of this crisis because as Emmanuel Macron said there is no planet B we need to make sure that we hand on this earth in a better state to the next generation and having a chance to play a part in that role and to meet those amazing people and to contribute to perhaps one of the most important causes of our time but that was a privilege and I suspect Michael you look back in years to come some of the things you planted the seeds of it that's not a terrible pun to see come through I do hope so but lastly can I just say a huge thank you for your honesty and openness in this and hopefully we've covered lots of ground in a really short time piece of time thank you so much Andy and good luck in the next few months for anyone who's listening one of the most important decisions that people will be making next year is who will be the mayor of the west midlands combined authority and Andy I hope that people recognize the amazing job that you've done and that you are returned with a thumping majority that's very generous of you thank you very much Michael really appreciate your support thank you


So next week guys we get a patch update of 2.1 for this game for cyberpunk 2077 Not long ago they dropped her stream revealing some of the changes coming to the game, and I mean it guys CDPR are absolutely cooking. This is unbelievable. I mean I knew this update was going to be decent But what they spoke about during the stream is Unreal and today guys we get into it all has it gone people my name is DP Jane if you do enjoy the video Living a like really helps out and if you like what you see want to see more be sure to subscribe now unfortunately I cannot download the stream from anywhere which has decent quality so as for now I'm just gonna talk about the things I heard and jotted down during this red stream which happened about an hour ago now But some of these changes guys were absolutely unbelievable. So let's get into it So do you guys remember pre-release there was leaks or just details of a metro system coming through the game Well, there's a metro system coming through this game a full Metro system, I mean what the actual heck is this people, but there's other things I mean there's other things guys Things like a whole new accessibility settings tab which looked pretty cool We have gang chases now kind of similar to I believe to what the police chases are like But these will be gangs that will be chasing. Yeah, we have motorbike changes in regards to physics They can now do flips wheelies and all sorts of crazy things You can also people use throwing knives now on motorcycles, which is amazing too Johnny Silverhand has a new car There's new motorcycles being added. There's replayable car races Adam Smasher himself has a sandy but actually do believe guys He always has had one, but I think now it's just gonna add a visual effect to match the anime So that's pretty cool guys. I mean we also had now have a radio on foot, which is an Unbelievable change. I mean you can walk around on the street listening to that radio station your favorite radio I mean wow, I also heard them state that there's gonna be hangouts with romantic partners or Judy Panam river. I mean you name it guys. It's gonna be added hangouts with said Partners, which is gonna be pretty cool. I've been waiting ages for them to basically add in new features in regards to Relationships so yes, this is quite a cool addition in my opinion and this is just what I heard from the stream I actually didn't catch the first part of it properly I was on and off with it But even still guys, this is all a party update which comes next week of the 2.1 It's absolutely unbelievable. Now, there ain't no patch notes as of right now But as soon as they do drop these patch notes I'll bring you guys a complete video on those and what they actually mentioned because it's gonna be way more things added as Well now just hope they announce a new game plus because I mean I've done about 20 playthroughs These changes right here probably gonna make me create another character do another play through but with new game Plus it would eliminate that I mean for the many players out there like me You've done countless playthroughs. I've done them on PC and Xbox. I've done everything you can imagine Basically all of them. I mean a new game plus mod would be beneficial for me to start from the beginning But keep all my gear my my setup my Lord at my build and things like that that would be absolutely amazing I mean even if I lost everything I had but I kept my build I'd love that and just maybe my weapons and my mods and things like this. I'd be absolutely incredible So hopefully they announced a new game plus sometime soon, but again guys This is just what I heard from the latest stream again I run equally through what I heard a full metro system New hangouts with our romantic partners a new accessibility settings tab gang chases motorcycle physics have been changed Throne knives available on motorcycles Johnny Silverhand as a new car new motorbikes added into the game replayable car chases Smasher now has a sandy radio available on your foot when you run around the streets and a full Metro system like wow, I cannot wait. So this is all a party update 2.1 Which comes next week, which isn't far away whatsoever. I'll probably say around First then next week if I had to guess what we will see guys Hopefully the patch notes come out soon and I'll bring another video on them But guys there we have it tell me your thoughts down below Absolutely unbelievable and there we have it guys if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out If you like what you see once you might be sure to subscribe and hopefully guys. I will see you on that next one


Xenon Kosi talks about her lockdown financial woes. Actress Xenon Kosi has opened up about financial struggles during the beginning of the virus pandemic lockdown when actors couldn't work. Xena was candid about the struggles she faced during the lockdown. Since she has a contract whereby if she doesn't work, she doesn't get paid, level 5 of the lockdown proved difficult for her and many other actors in a similar position. There were days when I remember the first shutdown, we didn't shoot, we didn't work. We have made contracts whereby no work equals no pay. We suffered a lot. We couldn't do anything because we weren't working, we couldn't pay our rent, our lease, and all those things, Xena told F5 News. The actress was also homesick and missing her family during the earlier days of the virus pandemic lockdown as she was unable to travel to see them. I couldn't travel back home. I had to be in Yoburg for three months away from my family and I am there alone. It was too much. I was affected a lot, she said. Regarding the criticism about the virus pandemic lockdown and how the government has handled the pandemic, Xena said politicians should be making decisions keeping in mind their passion for the nation as citizens. Otherwise, the actress feels that the virus will continue to affect us for decades to come. If they can sit down and talk about this as politicians and as people of SA, who love their country, I think they can come up with a good solution, to make this country a better place again, and even more. But if they carry on like this, I don't see us surviving until 2050, she said. Xena also chatted to F5 News about her characters in Zilean Scandal, whose life recently took a turn for the worse after Hubeem Lungesi was caught cheating on her with the new Bestie Nunzu. Speaking on cheating, the star believes that, through her character, she can shed a light on a story that has affected many. When asked if she believes her fans can relate to Zinzile's story, she said that even one's closest loved ones could betray them. Of course, it's happening. Even your best friend ever, even the people who grew up with you, can cheat on your husband. It's happening. I think this is not new in real life, said Xena. She went on to give advice to those who have experienced infidelity to walk on egg shells around their partners, as things can either be smooth sailing or destined to sink. People shouldn't be relaxed in their relationships, no matter what. It's either good or not good, but they shouldn't be expecting such things. They must fight for their relationship. Especially if you see a threat, you must fight for your own thing.


This slide is amongst the last slides for external flow. We have a flow across a cylinder and this is a topic of research in itself. So, Phd after Phd is obtained on this. We are just going to focus on the heat transfer characteristics or Nusselt number behavior as a function of theta that is theta is measured from the stagnation point. What is the stagnation point? Isentropically. Isentropically brought to rest. So, what does it mean? So, when a fluid is brought to rest isentropically then that essentially we will call as a stagnation condition. So, static versus stagnation that is the major difference one people say will have the dynamic component u square by 2 in this that u square by 2 will be equal to 0. So, what happens is as the flow flows cross over the cylinder the Reynolds for a given Reynolds number if you are seeing especially for so called laminar flow whatever be the case the heat transfer coefficient is going to decrease from this stagnation point and then it comes to a minimum value. This minimum value is roughly at about theta equal to 80 degrees where separation point in laminar flow that is called as a separation point in laminar flow. What is flow separation? What is flow separation? Adverse and favorable there are two words. So, adverse pressure gradient versus favorable pressure gradient favorable means it is going to aid in the direction of aid the flow. So, what is the pressure gradient for a flow to occur? Should it be positive or negative? Positive or negative? Dp by dx should be negative. Now, what will happen at the point of separation or as the flow progresses the Dp by dx is slowly going to come to a value which is equal to 0 and after that this Dp by dx is going to become positive. Why should that happen? No that is fine, but why should the pressure gradient progressively come to 0 first? Your velocity increases at the cost of which of the equations that we derived tell you that Bernoulli or he showed one form u du by dx is equal to Dp by dx that equation that is the balance essentially. So, as one of the size is going to increase the other is going to be affected it will come to 0. Further downstream this quantity will start to become positive and when it is becoming positive what is happening to the flow when Dp by dx is becoming positive the fluid will have to do what? So, I am trying to enter a compartment of a Bombay local train I have 1000s of people trying to come out I have to put in that extra effort and I may succeed in getting into the train or I may fall back into the platform. So, when this I am able to overcome the resistance offered by the people I enter the compartment. So, for small values of positive pressure gradient the fluid probably is able to be attached when this Dp by dx starts to increase and increase and increase what happens like instead of 5 people coming out 50 people are coming out of the platform I am just not able to enter I design myself to be waiting for the next train. What happens to the flow? Flow does not have a choice it is just taken off from the solid surface. So, the reverse flow which is happening is because of the positive pressure here positive pressure gradient is not good that is why it is called as the adverse pressure gradient. The good or favorable pressure gradient for the flow is Dp by dx is less than 0 Dp by dx is less than 0 becomes equal to 0 at that point all of us would have drawn in our exams velocity distribution would be they will show a vertical line or tangential or something like that we would draw and then afterwards we will draw a reverse flow and the velocity profile will be drawn. So, the reverse flow or separation will happen because of the adverse pressure gradient 5 people are trying to get down from the train you are trying to enter the compartment you do not have to do much you know can you can push them across and get it only 10 seconds the train is going to stop. So, you will somehow get in with less effort 50 people are trying to get down you have to fight across for 50 people and there is a good chance that you might not be able to enter the train. So, precisely what is happening the fluid is going to do the momentum of the fluid is going to keep it in motion in that direction when the obstruction from the pressure the adverse pressure gradient becomes larger than what it is able to match it will have to go in the backward direction. So, it is a common sensical because it is not a the magnitude is of one of the sides is becoming larger than the other one. So, other one is going to win the fluid will have to flow back in the opposite direction that is why there is a reverse flow. In fact, if you people would have drawn this also several of you give this right. So, I will have like this and then at d p by d x equal to 0 I will draw this and at d p by I will draw this this is d p by d x equal to 0 d p by d x greater than 0 d p by d x less than 0 I think we all seen this. So, this is the point where that correct my equation prove if I am wrong u d u by d x is equal to 1 by rho minus 1 by rho d p by d x this is the equation right what is the left hand side of this equation it is essentially the momentum associated with the fluid correct. So, this momentum associated with the fluid is balanced by the pressure gradient correct when d p by d x is negative in a flow which is the normal good flow it is called as a favorable because it is favorable for the flow to occur. So, this value is normally negative that means the value is positive u d u by d x is greater than 0 when this becomes 0 d p by d x becomes 0 u d u by d x is equal to 0 this is where you get d u by d x is equal to 0.  Why not u? u also becomes negative right. So, the flow reverses here in this if you see here the flow is going to reverse you should have a negative velocity correct negative velocity. So, this is the primary reason for separation to occur that means the momentum of the fluid is incapable of overcoming the pressure gradient when the pressure gradient was favorable the momentum it was not a problem once it starts to become adverse it can overcome for some time afterwards it will have to give up and it will have to resign itself to separate from the solid surface. So, this occurs at about 80 degrees for laminar flow Nusselt number increases with increase increasing theta as a result of good mixing in separated flow region that is why you see a spike there if you see the plot here this is where separation is occurred then you see a spike because of the mixing at the region of separation and then it just continues to go up like this. Now, if I go for turbulent flow which is the other Reynolds number there will be two minima one is primarily sharp increase at about 90 degrees is due to transition from laminar to turbulent flow second thing separation occurs further downstairs here that is near about 140 135 why should separation be delayed at higher Reynolds number why should separation be delayed I said 80 degrees for laminar flow and then I am showing the same thing at about 135 yeah madam. So, what so what what does it do you are right velocity profile is fuller so what does it mean look at look at this equation what does this equation tell you in turbulent flow the fluid will possess lesser or greater amount of momentum greater amount of momentum. So, it has more strength to be able to withstand any adverse pressure gradient geometry is the same only thing is velocity has changed the flow has become turbulent when the flow has become because the flow has become turbulent inherently it has a greater amount of momentum associated. So, as a wrestler can enter even with 50 people trying to come out of the train you and I cannot enter. So, that is the we are laminar flow the wrestler is a turbulent flow you can just muscle his way through. So, when I when the fluid carries larger amount of momentum it is able to you know fight the adverse pressure gradient to a greater theta value afterwards finally it has to be. So, the separation is delayed at a point you have to take yeah these curves are important of course, two things to note separation comes in fluid mechanics all of us would have studied but students will not have understood why separation is delayed in turbulent flow and after the separation the mixing in the wake region what is the wake region what is the wake region it is said here you know muscle number increases with increasing theta as a result of intense mixing sorry sorry sorry as a result of intense mixing in the wake region see here and again here also. What is this wake region? So, at after the flow is separated there is a good mixing in the layer in the region there and that is called as a wake region. So, there because of good mixing heat transfer as a result. So, whenever there is a good mixing the a beard turbulence or due to separation you are going to have an increasing heat transfer coefficient. Because that is the only velocity I know I have no idea I have no clue whatsoever about the fluctuating component that is that is the reason always we try to represent everything in terms of average that is the mean flow. Yeah as we see the Reynolds averaging equation we are having the mixing in different planes like u u bar v bar correct minus rho u prime v prime bar yeah again these turbulence models for example k epsilon attempt is made to represent that eddy viscosity is again like defining eddy viscosity into del u bar by del y only I am imposing I am trying to make it look like tau t equal to minus mu del u by del y tau laminar equal to minus mu del u by del y tau turbulent equal to eddy viscosity epsilon m into del u bar by del y point is because the easiest thing I will be knowing is the mean flow I can have no idea about the turbulent flow. So, essentially it should be average it will be the average velocity. To answer your question even little bit more basic when I am doing an experiment or as a student what velocities do I know? Average. Only the average velocity we do not even bother do we bother when we do when we tell the when you are designing a pipe for a house or for carrying water from a pump to the upper tank velocity at the center should be so much at the very very sure we just say average velocity. So, this is just because of our limitation to measure the velocity, but it should have certain kind of certain potential which will affect this definitely if we are able to measure there is nothing like problem is we are incapable of doing that yes sir it is a limitation. So, bunch of correlations are there for various geometries and I am not going to go through this we can take there is a problem for cross flow across a cylinder and Churchill Chu correlation which was presented there. Right time to take your question. Whose question? This question about that film temperature. So, here we take the properties at the film temperature see there are correlations based on the wall temperature also and the fluid temperature also, but the properties within the boundary where should I take the properties actually within the boundary layer, but it is quite difficult to take the property variation within the boundary layer, because I need to know the temperature variation within the boundary layer. Here again I know only two things what is that I know T s, T s and T infinity. So, it is the again the engineering necessity which drives me to take the properties at film temperature. Few people have given correlations in papers only on fluid temperature only on wall temperature, but it is kind of customary I use this word very consciously it is customary to use these properties at film temperature at film temperature to have the pumping power requirement, but I had asked you the question whether it is equally important when we are working with the external flows because as we see. You had a question yeah how will I decide whether see now let us take an example let us say I have a heated plate I have a heated plate now I need to cool that there is some limitation for me for some reason I have a metallurgical limit that my temperature of the plate cannot go above let us say this plate this is my plate and now I will ask you a question come on decide me the fan capacity or a blower capacity so that I can cool this such that my temperature of this plate is not going to exceed in any case 100 degree Celsius how will you make sure heat flux is fixed for some reason heat flux is fixed how do you do that how do you do that can I put any fan according to you it doesn't matter any fan I can put but how do I put how do I decide the fan capacity yes I need to know the velocity which I have to pump at the inlet so that will decide my Reynolds number that will from that Reynolds number I can go back and calculate my heat transfer coefficients from the heat transfer coefficients I know the heat flux I will calculate back calculate my wall temperatures if my velocity what I chose will yielded my wall temperatures lower than 100 I am safe otherwise I will have to increase my Reynolds number I have not yet reached in natural so your question will again get postponed to natural connection this is when I am solving it by force you can okay naturally we will handle when we get naturally naturally we will handle


thank you very much Height of criticism I want to ask the Scottish Government what its projections are for the prison population in the light of statistics showing that the majority are at or above capacity Cabinet secretary, Hamza Yousaf After a number of years of relative stability, the average prison population has increasing over the past year Scotland currently has the highest in the prison rate in Western Europe with around 144 per 100,000 of the population incarcerated. The most recent projections suggest population levels over the next 12 months are likely to average around 8,000. Scottish Government officials are working with the Scottish Prison Service to consider the immediate issues that are associated with that. In addition, we have committed to take action to reduce the numbers of people entering prison for short-term periods. In the budget, we confirmed additional funding to local authorities to increase the availability of alternatives to remand. We have also increased funding over recent years to support the availability of community sentences. Finally, once provisions within the Domestic Abuse Act 2018 come into force from April this year, we will also bring forward, of course, the necessary secondary legislation to extend the current presumption against short sentences from three months to 12 months. I thank the Justice Secretary for the candor of that response and again the confirmation, as was the case back in June, that the Government is committed to reducing the use of imprisonment. Fast-forward six months from that parliamentary answer, and the average prison population is up by around 300, meaning that the number of prisons operating at or over capacity has more than doubled. Prisons are jam-packed, and staff are warning of the impact that that is having. The Scottish Government said that it acted on, quote, almost all the recommendation of its decade-old prisons commission, but the experts were critical then of a prison population of just over 7,000. They wanted to see a reduction to 5,000. It is now, as the cabinet secretary confirmed, almost 8,000. Can the cabinet secretary therefore explain the reason for this failure? Let me also thank Lee MacArthur for, in general, the tone of his question. I know that it is an issue that he takes seriously. I think that there is actually quite a lot of consensus around the parliamentary chamber, on the fact that we do not want to have the highest imprisonment rate in Western Europe. It is not to be proud of at all. I can say that there are some complex reasons for the rise in the prison population. For example, the type of offences that we are seeing are more and more sexual offences coming to our courts, and therefore people being found guilty of going into our prisons. There are a number of reasons for that, which I will not go into, but there is the fact that, in the behaviours of the judiciary, we are seeing that those who are being given long sentences—in particular life sentences—the punishment part of that sentence is longer now than it was a decade ago and substantially longer. We are seeing more recent trends. We were just talking to the committee this morning about the changes in the HCC, the home detention curfew and, of course, the less that is being used, the prison population rises. There is a lot that we will do to tackle that. I think that the presumption against short sentences of 12 months, if that passes to this Parliament, which I will look to the Liberal Democrats for support for, could be a significant tool to help us to reduce the prison population's prison numbers. I thank the cabinet secretary for that response. Let me turn now specifically to the women's estate. Last year, the chief inspector of prisons, David Strang, warned that because the new female prison estate would only hold 230 prisoners. Much work is still required to reduce the number of women in custody ahead of the new prison's opening in 2020. The female prison population currently stands at 381. Therefore, the organisations such as the Howard League, Scotland, SACRO and others are so concerned. Will the cabinet secretary now confirm that the timetable has slipped and that three of the community units will not even be started by the 2020 deadline that was initially set by his predecessor for the completion of the new estate? Can he confirm just how many women will benefit from the new estate in 2021? I will be able to provide the member with full of detail. I will look to follow that up. I do not have all of that detail in front of me, but what I would say to the member is that we are absolutely committed to learning lessons of a variety of reviews that have taken place, looking into the specific issue of female offending. We know that women offend and are imprisoned for perhaps very complex reasons that can often be quite different to the male population. Our plan of CCUs, community custody units right across Scotland, is taking shape. We have planning permission in Glasgow and Dundee, and I think that that is an important step forward. What I would say to the members is that when it comes to the presumption against short sentences from the numbers that I have seen and the data that I have seen, that will have a disproportionate positive impact on the male offending population. That is just one measure that we wish to take forward. We have to look at the male prison population as well, because that makes up the vast majority of the prison population. To see what radical measures we need to bring forward to reduce that prison population is so important that we do not get comfortable—we certainly are not, as a Government, but we do not get comfortable as a society with just imprisoning people and saying that prison population continues to rise. There is a lot of interest in the subject. There are five members who wish to ask a question. We will try to get to them all if members and the minister can make progress. Rona Mackay, to be followed by Liam Kerr. Does the cabinet secretary agree that, in light of the fact that the Ministry of Justice is considering banning prison sentences of less than six months in England and Wales, that the presumption against short sentences is outlined in your answer to Liam McArthur is something that this whole chamber should get behind? Yes, I was interested to see Rory Stewart's commitments. In some respects, Rory Stewart went further in respect of the hours of presumption against short sentences. I think that he was talking about banning of short sentences. The UK model is six months, whereas our model looks at presumption against short sentences of 12 months. There are differences. Rory Stewart and I agree that the data and the empirical evidence is unarguable. The community payback order's alternatives to custody will do a lot more for the individual in terms of reducing reoffending and rehabilitation than a short custodial sentence, so I hope that the whole chamber can get behind that. Liam Kerr, to be followed by Daniel Johnson. My party would have concerns about plans to reduce the prison population without taking account of the practicalities of that. How can the cabinet secretary seek more use of community sentences when the current statistics show that a third is never completed and that a third of work placements failed to start within the required seven days? In some respects, the member makes a very valid point that we have to make sure that the public have confidence. We, as politicians and myself as the cabinet secretary, all have confidence in our community payback orders. Despite some of the difficulties and flaws in the current regime, the evidence still speaks for itself that, if you are in a short sentence, you are twice as likely to offend than if you are in a community payback order. That evidence is indisputable. It is something that the UK Government has also acknowledged in the terms of their banning of short sentences of six months or less, except for violent and sexual offences. I would say to the members that let's get together, let's work together, as all the political parties on board. If we all agree that the prison population is far too high, and that the rate per head is too high, let's get together, put our minds together and think, well, actually, what else can we do that's radical, because we don't just need to take ourselves on this journey. Frankly, as his question alluded to, we need to take members of the public on that journey as well, who may, at this moment in time, not see alternatives to custody as a particularly robust sentence disposal. I think that there's a lot of work for us to do in government for sure, but equally, I think that collectively, there's a role for all of us to play in this. Daniel Johnson, to be followed by John Finlay. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I thank the cabinet secretary for being as candid as he has, which is in contradiction to the response that I got when I raised these issues in the summer. However, there are consequences for prisons being overcapacity and particular double bunking in cells. Could the cabinet secretary outline how many prisoners are in cells beyond their design capacity in so-called double bunking conditions? I don't have the exact figures to hand, but clearly I'll get them provided to Daniel Johnson. I would go further in his point that when we have overcrowded prisons, prisons that have more people in them than their design capacity, that also has an effect on rehabilitation. There are then only so many members of staff that can take prisoners on rehabilitative programmes, so it has a whole effect. It also has an effect on the morale within a prison, the amount of time, for example, that prisoners can have out of their cell, and then frustrations can build up, and there can be issues around the staff safety as well. So there's a whole range of reasons why we would not want our prisons, obviously, to be above the design capacity. Therefore, as I say, there is a lot that we will do in terms of presumption against short sentences and other measures to help tackle that. Frankly speaking, if we want to see that change, which may take 10, 15, 20 years, as Finland did or the Netherlands have successfully done, then we are going to have to work collectively to do that. We're going to have to take, frankly, the public on this journey with us as well, put the appropriate safeguards in place, but really look towards some real radical solutions on how we reduce that prison population. John Finnie, to be followed by Alasdair Allan. The cabinet secretary enjoys cross-party support for robust alternatives to custody, and there's a range of issues, restrictions on liberty orders, drug and treatment testing orders, community payback orders, sexual offence prevention orders, so on, so on, and most recently home detention curfews. All of those require an active role for criminal justice social work, and I noted carefully what the cabinet secretary said, but nonetheless the local authority budget has been cut. Is that compatible with those fine words? It's compatible, because the £100 million that's ring-fenced for that particular work is protected, so in the budget, as outlined by my colleague Derek Mackay, so the resource is there, but I don't get away from the central point, that if we are going to fund alternatives to custody, then of course that has to be resourced, but actually from an economic point of view it's cheaper. There is an economic argument of why you want to do that. That shouldn't be the primary argument, of course, not the primary argument should be public safety of course, the reduction in re-offending, the rehabilitative nature, but there is an economic argument there to be made. So I'll continue that conversation with local authorities and third sector organisations, and of course I know my colleague Derek Mackay is in the chamber, so I'm sure he'll be listening very carefully to the remarks that you've made around the adequate resourcing. Alistair Allan. The cabinet secretary will be aware of the importance for rehabilitation when it comes to prisoners maintaining contact with their families, something that itself has consequences for prison numbers in the future. Given the extreme difficulty and expense that island families face on visiting prisoners, what can the Scottish Government do to be of help to families in this situation in Scotland's islands? Cabinet Secretary. That is a very good point that the member raises. Of course I'm aware of those discussions from my previous minister, your role in transport and the islands. If the member would like, I can give him information around the assisted prison visit scheme. That helps those who are travelling distance with travelling costs, so I can get that information to the member. Also making more use of technology is hugely important. SPS is doing that, so of course it doesn't replace that kind of face-to-face physical visits, but nonetheless it can play an important role in family contact. There is a range of work that is being done, if he would like. I will furnish him with further details and writing. To ask the Scottish Government what it is doing to support the reported increasing number of people who are struggling to pay their rent or mortgage. A decade of austerity alongside UK Government welfare cuts and the benefit freeze impacting on the local housing allowance and housing benefits has taken its toll. That is one of the reasons we established the financial health check service to support low income families to maximise the household incomes last year. We are supporting people through a number of other actions. This year alone we are investing over £125 million to mitigate against the worst impacts of welfare reform, including effectively abolishing the bedroom tax and supporting those on low income. In housing, our 2016 private housing act improved security for tenants limiting rent rises to once per year with at least three months notice. That also provides tenants with the power to challenge unfair increases. In addition, since 2007, we have helped more than 28,000 households by their own homes through shared equity schemes. Vitally, we have delivered more than 80,000 affordable homes since 2007 and are on track to deliver our 50,000 affordable homes target for this Parliament, a commitment that the UK Government's approach to Brexit could jeopardise. We, of course, do not want anyone to have to worry about paying their rent or mortgage or any other bills, and I would certainly urge anyone who is struggling to seek independent advice as soon as possible. I thank the cabinet secretary for that comprehensive reply. New research on behalf of Shelter Scotland found that 12 per cent of respondents were currently struggling to pay their rent or their mortgage. That is equivalent to 200,000 households, but recent figures show that the cost of private rented housing is soared above inflation in many parts of the country. For example, in Glasgow, a one-bedroom property is an average of 4.2 per cent in increase. In Edinburgh, in the Lothians, is an average of 6.5 per cent on a two-bedroom property, but staggeringly in the borders for a four-bedroom property is a 25.6 per cent increase. Does the cabinet secretary not agree that it is time for more radical legislation on restricting high rents to protect ordinary people from those exorbitant increases? I am well aware of the Shelter report and the analysis and research that it carried out, which I think has some very important messages there for everybody in this chamber. I echo again some of the words that Shelter made through the publication of the report around making sure that people seek advice as soon as they possibly can if they have financial worries. Pauline McNeill is also right to point out some of the imbalances around the rent, the private rented sector, and that is why I pointed out to some of the legislation and the work that we have taken forward around that rent increase being limited to once in 12 months. I would also point out, though, that the latest data from the Office of National Statistics shows a 0.5 per cent annual increase in rents to November 2018 across all private tenancies in Scotland. That is lower than the annual increases seen in England, but I think that she is also right to point out that some of the disparity across different parts of the country that she pointed out, Glasgow that she pointed out, and that is again why we gave discretionary powers for local authorities to apply to ministers for an area of high rent increases for existing tenants to be designated as rent pressure zones, and that allows them to cap rent increases at a minimum of consumer price at index plus 1 per cent. However, we have to look at the basket of measures. Again, I am very happy to work with Pauline McNeill to explore ideas that she may have, but, certainly, we have, as a Government, along with our commitment to delivering on 50,000 in this Parliament, along with the other measures that I outlined in her original answer, along with the legislation that we took forward in 2016. If she has ideas about where we could do more, then I am happy to listen to them, but, certainly, we have taken forward a comprehensive package of work to try to protect private rented sector as best we can. However, if we want more, I am happy to have that discussion with Pauline McNeill. Pauline McNeill. I thank the cabinet secretary very much for her offer to work with me on some ideas that I may have myself. However, I think that the cabinet minister must now agree that there has been a complete failure of rent pressure zones. They might have been right for the time, but they are not right now. Edinburgh City Council said that rent pressure zones have not been designed in a way that can work effectively, and they have asked for a review of the policy. Shelter found that there are no currently private rent data sources available to provide the rent for a rent pressure zone application. As a cabinet secretary, to consider that whatever the intentions behind the legislation was, it is not working and it has failed. Because of the issues that we both agree on, it is time for a more radical approach to revise the legislation to ensure that ordinary people can stop exorbitant rents and that individuals can make that application and not have to rely on their local authorities. I think that it should be seen and should be viewed in the context of our current targets to deliver 50,000 affordable homes, many of which are there for social rent. I hope that the Labour Party views that with the importance that is attached to it, along with, in the budget, the £800 million that is there to deliver on that target, and I would hope that it would support that through the budget negotiations that it will be having with my colleague Derek Mackay, because that is an important part of this work as well, to make sure that people have that security through social rent as well. However, I outlined the package of measures that we have put forward through that legislation to protect tenants, and I am happy to explore where we can do more. However, I would also point out that our latest statistics also show that the annual increases in rents in Scotland are lower than the rest of the UK. However, that does not take away from the fact that people in the here and now are facing struggles. Again, that is why it is linked to our work to tackle and mitigate austerity, to tackle and mitigate the worst impacts of welfare reform and to tackle people's financial concerns, which is why we have brought forward the financial health check service to help people on low incomes to maximise their household budgets and to maximise their incomes. We are doing a huge amount of work across many different portfolios, which is important work, to help people in the here and now face the challenges that they are facing. However, I offer to discuss those issues with Polly McNeill around what more we can do if she thinks that there are other solutions that we can take forward on top of all the work that we are taking forward at the moment. Graham Simpson Thank you. Polly McNeill mentioned rent pressure zones, but not a single council so far has applied to have one. It may be worth the cabinet secretary looking to see why that is. Cabinet secretary says that the Government is, quote, on track to deliver 50,000 affordable homes, but last year just over 5,000 were built, so if we continue at that pace, the Government will not meet its target until 2026. Cabinet secretary tells us what she is doing to, in her words, get things on track. Can she pledge to build not deliver 50,000 affordable homes during this Parliament? Again, we can get caught up in the semantics, but my priority is that we are on track to deliver 50,000 houses in this Parliament, which is backed up by, in the budget, £800 million and £3 billion over this parliamentary session. I would hope that that would gather support from across the chamber, because we are on track to deliver that considerable and significant housing stock for the people of Scotland. I think that it is worth pointing out that between 2012 and 2017, more council houses for social rent were delivered across 32 local authority areas in Scotland than across 326 local authority areas in England. I think that that shows the success that this Government has had on housing, the success that we have on delivering affordable housing for the people of Scotland. And while Graham Simpson might want to get caught up in the language, I will get busy with making sure that we make good on our ambitious target. Thank you very much, and that concludes topical questions. We are going to move on now to the next item of business, which is a debate on motion 15380 in the name of Roseanna Cunningham on securing a just transition to a carbon neutral economy. Could I invite all members who wish to contribute to this debate to press their request to sweet buttons as soon as possible?


Hey everybody, it's Brett, and today I am super excited to go over this brand new 2023 Dodge Challenger RT Plus Blacktop Edition Last Call. This is, yes, the last call for the Dodge Challenger on this platform 2023 is the last year that you're going to be able to get one of these cars as it is currently designed with the gasoline only engines and everything like that. Plum Crazy is the color on this one. This one has the 5.7 liter V8 Hemi engine. It's paired up with a six speed manual transmission. Now if this one has 375 horsepower, 410 foot-pounds of torque, if it had the eight speed automatic it would have 372 horsepower and 400 foot-pounds of torque, but this one has a six speed so you get the 375 and 410 ratings on there. If you're new to the channel, I'm going to go all the way around in this video and I'm going to show you all the options. Everything that the Blacktop package includes, everything the RT Plus package includes, we're going to check out the original window sticker. I'm going to turn on all these lights at the end of the video and just give you the most thorough representation of this car options and styling-wise that I can. HID headlamps, LED running lights, it does have the rhombi design in there when you turn those lights on. You get the blacked out Challenger and RT lettering as well as the gloss black grill part of that black top addition that looks really, really good. Plum Crazy, one of my favorite colors on the Challengers. You get the single inlet hood scoop, my favorite hood on the Challengers as well. Check out this Plum Crazy, just all the metal flake that is in it. It's got just a ton of different colors, some blues, silvers, and of course purples in there as well. Really a good looking color, you can see why it's been so popular for all these years on the Challenger.  You get the four wheel disc brakes on here, Goodyear Eagle RSA tires, these are 245, ZR20s, and I'll show you the tread pattern on those when we take a look at the back tires. You get the 345 badge on there, part of the Blacktop package. Color match mirrors, let's take a look at the original window sticker. Feel free to pause this, I'm not going to go through everything, I'll go through most of it but not everything, so feel free to pause this if you want to check out and make sure this one's got all the options you're looking for. The 2023 Challenger RT Plus, plum crazy exterior paint, black interior, has the Alcantara Napa performance seats, 5.7 liter V8 Hemi, and the six-speed manual Tremac transmission. You do get the last call under hood plaque, which we'll check out at the end of the video, so stick around for that, it's not too far away. Sport mode, performance steering, performance suspension, active exhaust, anti-lock four wheel disc performance brakes, these are all the standard equipment that come with this vehicle, just the RT package. 8.5 gallon fuel tank, and then 160 mile per hour speedometer.   This one also has the Harman Kardon audio premium sound system with the subwoofer that's a $17.95 option, Harman Kardon green edge amplifier, Harman Kardon 18 speaker premium audio with sub and trunk mounted subwoofer surround sound, power sunroof is $12.95 to get your, here's the MSRP to get your summit price with all the rebates and incentives and availability on this car in the upper right hand power screen, also linked in the description below is a link to our website with all the rebates and incentives that are currently on this vehicle. Three or 36 bumper to bumper, five year 60 powertrain, 15 city, 23 highway for the fuel economy, 18 average, your greenhouse gas rating is a four and the smog is a one, and then the overall vehicle score is a five star safety rating, so five and four stars up and down the board. Dodge challenger's always been very, very safe vehicles, I would feel confident hauling my family around in them or anyone for that matter. Here's a look at the tread pattern, it's really cool because that's different than that, which is different than that, which is different than the outside edges, so definitely a lot of different patterns on those tires for maximum grip, no matter the condition on the road.  There is a look at that black fuel filler door, this one does have the enter and go system, so you just have to have the key fob in your pocket, put your hand in there, it'll automatically unlock when you walk away from the vehicle, press that button and it'll lock the doors if you have the key fob in your pocket. Blind spot monitoring, heated mirrors on there as well. Here's a good look at those Alcantara and Alcantara suede and leather seats, they look really good, side curtain airbags, you can put these seats up, here's a look at the back seats, you do get the latch child safety system, I always say if you want to try and get a car seat back there, that's up to you. Lumbar power driver seat, you get the bright pedals down there, auto headlamps, the power tilt and telescope steering wheel, harming card and badge right there, memory driver seat and power windows locks and mirrors. Hop inside, show you the instrument cluster here, you get the seven-inch LCD display of the Challenger animation at the beginning, digital speedometer, you can change these corners to read pretty much whatever you want, you get the 160 mile per hour speedometer on there as well. This one comes with the heated leather wrapped steering wheel, you get the nice big thumb pads on there, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, audio controls on the back and you get of course the Dodge logo on the steering wheel there. This is the 8.44C radio, you do get AM, FM and Serious XM radio capabilities, here are your heated seats and cooled seat and heated steering wheel controls. So what's interesting about the Dodge Challenger is you get cooled seats but the passenger seat is a manual adjust, so you can't get the power passenger seat in the Challenger but you do get cooled seats on the passenger side. You get your climate controls on here, including your dual climate controls, then you can go back to those heated and cooled seat buttons, you also have projection manager, you can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay, which is kind of nice because this one doesn't have the factory navigation system, so project your cell phone up there with Waze or Google Maps and it's like you have nav right on the screen. We actually did a demo on an 8.44C radio with Android Auto, if you want to check that out and see how that system works, that's in the upper right hand part of the screen as well. So you also have your performance control, basically your performance pages here, they take a second to load while they're loading, push button start, more tactile volume tune and climate controls, the sport mode and then super track pack is basically takes you to the performance pages, six speed manual transmission with the leather wrap on there. Here's your entry and go key fob with the trunk popper and inside here you get two auxiliary or I'm sorry two USBs and an AUX hookup and then a 12 volt power point as well. You also get the Dodge Brothers logo on the inside of that center console door and this one also has the power sunroof, map lights up here, home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, sunroof controls and assist and SOS buttons in the mirror and I think we got to have the car on for those performance pages to go on, so let's start it up then we'll check out those pages here. So you have line lock, drive mode set up, launch control and then hopefully these performance pages load up quickly and then we're going to turn all the lights on and take a look under the hood at that last call badge which is pretty cool and it might be because we're inside the building right now that it's not getting full reception to load all that stuff, so we'll have to check out the performance pages at a different time wondering maybe if I go to a different part of the screen here. Anyways you have your performance control performance pages they will load eventually, could be because it's the first time they've ever loaded. Anyways let's go take a look under the hood and check out all those lights in the front, you can see just how bright they are. I got the fog lights on too, these are the HID high intensity discharge headlamps, you get the round by lights right there which are pretty cool and under the hood we have the 5.7 liter V8 Hemi engine, once again 375 horsepower 410 foot pounds of torque with the six speed manual and like I said this is the last year of the 20 of the Dodge Challenger with the all gas engines could be the last time I video one of these cars brand new and there is the last call badge built in Brampton, Ontario designed in Auburn Hills, Michigan last call so there is a protective coating on that blue there to protect that badge really we'll leave that on there, there is the emission sticker and let me know what you think of the car in the description below, always like hearing the feedback, definitely an iconic design to the Challenger it's going to be missed dearly by many to a final walk around here and I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video and hopefully from this HD video you've gotten a really good idea of the overall looks styling and options on this particular car love those LED tail lamps as well you always know when you're following a Dodge Challenger and to see more pictures of this car one of other 550 new and used cars trucks SCVs minivans wranglers sports cars challengers chargers you name it we got to go to the website right there is summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto click the bell notifications get updates on the videos I do each and every day and have access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle walk rounds on youtube 9000 videos and counting do videos each and every day and uh super excited about that in fact any second you will see a link to subscribe to my youtube channel in the upper left a link to all the Dodge Challenger videos I've ever done in the upper right link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest youtube videos in the lower right click those check us out we're super excited to help you with this last year 2023 last call Dodge Challenger rt plus with the black top edition and plum crazy purple thank you so much for checking out the video remember to like subscribe and share on the youtube channel I really appreciate it thanks again


Hi again, in this lesson we're going to talk about that how to get the current working directory in Python programming language. First what we need to do is to import OS module and then we will use the method from our OS module called get current working directory with no arguments and this method will return to us our current working directory. You can also set your current working direct by calling module change directory and we will put for example inside our method as an argument directory images and let's now check our current working directory. So now our current working directory is directory images on the drive. That's all in this lesson, thanks for watching, see you in some next lesson, bye bye.