All right, so just stay in the yard, eh? Okay, I guess we'll roll on. I've been with night transportation for 27 years, August of 2022 coming up. I've driven Drivan for 24 years at that 27 for two and a half years. I worked in a project and now a program called Top Gun. But my passion is driving ever since I was a little kid. After I retired out of the Air Force, I went ahead and became a truck driver for night transportation. I've only driven here and if they weren't a good company, I still wouldn't be here. I decided to come to the Reefers Division because I wanted a new adventure. The difference between the Drivan and the Refrigerated Division is I could have two or three trailers a day with the Drivan. In the Refrigerated Division, I'm finding that I'm keeping the same trailer anywhere from four to ten days. I'm running on one load for three days and I'm able to maximize my miles each and every day. You could drive anywhere from 630 to 650 miles a day, actually quite easily. In Drivan, you can stay regional. It's usually about 1500 miles. And then we have the Refrigerated, which is more the entire nation. You can go anywhere and everywhere, across almost every state. My goal at some point is to hit all 48 states. Trying to get night to expand into Hawaii and Alaska, but I haven't been able to do that too well. I told them to go to Hawaii to do the first load. There's a lot of us that like that over the road. We like to get out there and see new country. One thing about the Refrigerated Division, I didn't realize. A lot of these warehouses and refrigerated places that we go to are in the back country. I've seen some parts of Tennessee that just blew my mind. The country I was seeing, all I spent my time with saying was, wow. Pretty much the main word in my vocabulary is wow. I can't believe the sights that I'm seeing. I had the opportunity to drive by my childhood town or my granddad's property outside of Aberdeen, Washington in the big rig. And I'm sorry, I get emotional sometimes. And the hair out of the back of my neck, tears are up in my eyes. And I was driving by a place that I spent all my summers. No, I never had a desire to go to another company. I have loyalty. Being in the military created a lot of loyalty within my makeup. And I didn't let the little things cause me to jump ship anymore. I came here to be 80% happy. And some people go 80% happy, but what is 100% in life? Well, I can honestly say that I've been in the mid-90s almost the whole time I've been here. Yeah, sometimes that smaller percentage that is the negative feels like the 95%. But it's always short lived and always got fixed and I was always able to move on. So I definitely have had success here.


biodiesel has become increasingly popular due to its environmental advantages and availability from renewable sources like refined and waste vegetable oils. Ultrasonication can be used to optimize the conversion of these oils into biodiesel, resulting in increased efficiency and lower costs. This article was authored by Farouk Amir, Leslie Petrick, Bamakol Amigun, and others.


Good morning, everyone and welcome to this press conference from the 47th annual meeting of the World Economic Forum here in Davos Welcome everybody here in the room. Welcome for those of you who are watching on the live stream and a special welcome to everyone here on the panel The press conference today is dedicated to the launch of sepi So, you know the forum has its acronyms. What does sepi stand for sepi is the coalition of academic preparedness? innovations What does that mean you'll hear that in a second from the wonderful panel we have assembled here today? But first let me introduce them to you to my immediate left. We are joined by the chief executive officer of sepi I'll try to pronounce it correctly. John Arnold Rothdinger. I think it was close Next to him Carlos Muedas who is the EU Commissioner for research science and innovation Right at the center of our panel today is We're joined by Julie Louise Gehmerding the executive vice president for strategic communications global public policy and population health of MST and to her immediate left where I have the pleasure to be joined by Naoko Yamamoto the assistant minister for global health and health industry strategy at the Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare of Japan and Last but not least. We're joined by my fellow German state secretary Georg Schütte Of the federal ministry of education and research. It really pains me that of all names. I got the German name wrong So apologies for that. Mr. Schütte Welcome everyone Without further ado John Arnold over to you What is the aim of sepi and why is it so important for everyone? No, thank you So as you said sepi is a new global coalition and the aim is really to develop new vaccines To have a safer world to prevent and prepare us for epidemics And this kind of planning started here at the Walls last year at the World Economic Forum where a Group of representatives both from public and private sector from international Organization from governments from civil society came together Really after seeing the devastating impact of the Ebola epidemic Because two and a half a year ago Many of us were at the World Health Organization Really seeing the what has happened in West Africa and seeing the increase in the epidemic Hearing new numbers more cases every week And also having kind of predictions of this epidemic coming completely out of control What then was the focus was really how could we mobilize vaccines In short time and actually one of the successes as the part of their global response because of there were many failures But one of the successes was that the world collectively in collaboration between private and public sector managed to start and implement More than 15 clinical trials and one of those trials the Guinea ring vaccination trial Done by using the Merck vaccine Really demonstrated efficacy However, if we had been prepared if we had taken these vaccines through phase one and phase two clinical development earlier We would have been able to take those vaccines out in the field Maybe six nine months earlier than we did and that would have meant huge impact on human lives We would have saved thousands of human lives in West Africa We would have avoided the social disaster as such an epidemic can have and of course the security and economic impacts So that is really what CEP is about and we have two strategic pillars We we want to do two things one is based on guidance from the World Health Organization To prioritize vaccine development for threats that we have defined and we have said these are the most important threats And CEPI has decided to focus on MERS the means the Middle East respiratory syndrome Nipah virus and Lassa fever as the three priorities But that's one approach. We also know that we do not necessarily Have prediction power to actually say what would be the next epidemic So we also need to prepare for the unknown and we need to have rapid response capabilities We need to have adaptable vaccine technology platforms where we can more or less plug and play Where we can take new information on a new epidemic the new pathogen and actually put it into an established vaccine So what CEP is really is it's a kind of a virtual vaccine development organization It's also a global health insurance organization We all know that individuals needs need health insurance to be protected to actually have health care But this is a global health insurance in mechanisms for countries countries need to come together CEPI has been created by a group of founding partners World Economic Forum was crucial as I mentioned starting here in the meeting last year and then it's the two governments the governments of India and Norway with two foundations Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust But that's just the start and I'm very grateful for the governments who have already stepped up and now are Announcing their contribution and away paying their premiums to CEPI I'm also very Very clear on the message that we can only do this as a partnership We can only do this as a coalition. We need to collaborate public and private sector Therefore, I'm also glad that Julie Gerbering from Merck is here on the panel and demonstrate how we through this model can work collectively in a different way. Thank you Thank you very much Commissioner Moedas you're an EU Commissioner So, you know working together across boundaries can be a challenge Tell us why this is important for from a European perspective and what the role of the Commission will be Thank you very much a good morning to everyone is a pleasure to be here And it's a pleasure because I think that when you think about epidemics you think about the fact that Whatever you do you have to be globally prepared and Like so many of the challenges that we have today in different crises in Europe the answer is a global answer and Those solutions have to be global and have to be a work together of different countries So sepi for me is more than just an organization is more than health He's actually part of these view of the world a collaborative open world a world where problems are met We do global responses And so one of the things that we are very proud that the European Commission is that we were able from the very very beginning when I started in 2014 at the end of 2014 To have had the ability with the private sector to deploy more than 200 million to basically look into a vaccine for Ebola and at the time Nobody believed that the Commission and the European Union could do it and that Spend of time just two months Deploy that amount of money and then we did it again on a different scale with Zika with 45 million euros And we are doing the again and again So for me is also important to be here today to show that the European member states The European project can be flexible and can answer very quickly to these global problems and Today we have several Really people around the table that I respect very much because I think that When I look at a company like Merck or other companies like Johnson and Johnson that work with us on the vaccine They are making that effort to participate in this endeavor that has to be public and private so One of the things that we are committing From these moment is basically to first of all include all our work on Ebola in the sepi And that will mean around more 50 million euros. So that's what we're planning immediately to do But secondly, I will propose myself to the member states around the table to include an additional 200 million euros for the future that will add up to the Circa 400 million that we are announcing today Until 2020 so that's a commitment of the Commission to Actually talk and propose to all member states and With that I think that we are getting here to a firepower That will make the difference so in conclusion, I think that we learned in the recent Past that is worthwhile to be prepared before an epidemic arises We learned that it's possible to be prepared and we learned that we can do more To help then actually just being prepared we have to have action and immediate action And is why sepi? Comes in is in this point action and immediate action So sepi was created to respond to these lessons and the European Commission is very proud to join these efforts So thank you very much. Thank you Commissioner. Julie. It's been already hinted at by by John Arna How important it is to have the private sector on board? So Why are you joining? What's your role? I'm very pleased to represent MSD known in North America as Merck as a member of the sepi board But I do also represent five other multinational companies that are involved in vaccine manufacturing including visor GSK Takeda Sanofi and Did I forget anyone no We operate as a coalition of multinationals in this context because we understood from the experience In the Ebola outbreak that when a crisis occurs or when large-scale capacity is necessary it really does take a multinational company with experience capacity and Commitment to be able to step up to the plate and get the job done If you go back and think about the Ebola outbreak in Western Africa in the horror of the Individual people and families who suffered such fear and in many cases loss the health workers That disruption in the government due to the economies and really on a global basis to the whole global health security Frontline and then imagine what it would have been like if there'd been a vaccine Ready to deploy in that very same situation We would have completely abrogated what was a nightmare for so many people for so long And that's really the problem that sepi is designed to prevent But by working together now to do the advanced work on vaccine development We'll have things in our hands ready to roll when we need them when the next outbreak comes along And as we've already said we can't predict what the next outbreak would be but we in the manufacturing world know How to get these things move quickly? We're hoping that through the sepi mechanism We can do much of the pre-work and the regulatory environment even up to the point of being able to stockpile precursors of the advanced vaccines But more importantly we will learn as we go and by developing new and innovative platforms or new and innovative strategies We may be able to more quickly flex from the vaccines that we have identified as our priorities to whatever vaccine We need When such a situation emerges sepi is off to a great start the commitments that were made this week are Important on a global basis to people in every nation, but they're not enough And so we look forward to additional partnerships and additional commitments so that we can really get this job done right Thank you, Julie and speaking of additional commitments We've heard that India and Norway We're founding partners and supporting sepi But the presence of representatives of Japan and Germany gives away that we have something good to announce here Yamamoto son You're representing Japan if you could share the Japanese perspective, please Okay, thank you and good morning everybody. It's my great pleasure to be here with you and Fine Japan is going to support the sepi because we believe the sepi will contribute to achieving the pandemic preparedness and universal health coverage in the world and as Joanne the jury said that's there ever an outbreak expose the fundamental fragility of in global health architecture that's in dangerous human security in In the Lancet of December 2015 prime minister Abe our prime minister stated clearly That's the construction of a global health architecture that can response to public health Crisis is one of the Japan's priority So lose a G7 presidency in 2016 That's G7 is a summer summit or G7 Kobe health ministers meeting In particular Japan has highlighted the importance pandemic preparedness and U. H. E so access to the essential tools like the vaccine is a Most in indispensable the most most important component for the these objectives But however, as everybody has already said that sir development of a new vaccine often stagnated by Market of area and we think that a single country cannot able to solve the program and we need a global mechanism to provide incentive for developers and ensures access to them So that's why Japan decided to join sepi. We're very happy to do that Unfortunately, our minister shiozaki. He cannot join this press conference. So on behalf of him I would like to announce Japan's commitment to sepi technically and the Scientifically, but in addition financially we will contribute 25 million us dollars a year Which is equivalent to 125 million in the five years. We are very happy to work. We're all over you. Thank you Thank you very much and thank you for your leadership on this State Secretary shirta You're the last speaker on the panel, but your country is one of the first that to chip in please share Germany's commitment and why you think this is important Global health figures highly on the German political agenda Now co-mentioned the G7 summit in Japan We had the G7 presidency prior to that and it was wonderful to see how we could build up momentum Carlos was there as well how we could build up momentum from Berlin to then a Japan from Germany to Japan and now to the upcoming G7 a summit in Italy to focus Amongst others on global health the G20 summit this year in Germany as well we'll pick up the the challenge of global health with a pandemic preparedness action exercise Amongst others and it is fairly clear that we have to join forces within a government with interdepartmental cooperation Our Minister of Health is here talking about anti microbial resistance I am here to talk about Abola and pandemics and the German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development And puts a focus on the strengthening of health systems in quite a number of countries It's important to join forces internationally We are happy to join forces with the European Commission in the European Union Development countries clinical trials partnership EDCT P is the acronym and Sepi seems seem to us to be one of the Very straightforward initiatives to join forces to address a concrete issue and To bring all the strength of the various countries into an arena where we can make a difference And this is why we joined sepi We will we on a very short notice last year when we had budget negotiations We made it possible to chip in 10 million euro this year And we will scale it up to 20 million euro annually starting next year So there is a major commitment which will Sum up over time close to 100 million and at the same time as a sort of in kind Contribution we do have a German network on Research laboratories focusing on infectious diseases and they are ready to join forces with international colleagues to work together Thank you very much. Thank you everyone Probably with some of the most successful projects that were launched in Davos are Gavi and the global fund and we we surely hope that sepi can can can match that or even surpass But let's let's hear from you. Let's say you mentioned a lot of meetings before a lot of work went into this Let's imagine we meet here again next year or in two years. What's your hope for sepi? What would you be your ideal scenario for when we come back in one year? That's to me. I We should we should understand of course that vaccine development is it's not something we can do tomorrow and get results the day after And that's really why there is Kind of lack of market incentives because we really do not know when these vaccines are needed where they are needed Which pathogens and all of that? so My expectation is that we Still will come a long way in two years We have issued today our first call for proposals on the specific vaccine targets Then we will later issue a call on the the vaccine technology platforms So it means that we will have clear strong Programs up and running and they will already then have achieved some results I believe so I think we will expect to see results from the first The phases of clinical trials on these vaccines in two years and that is important and but in addition We will have a system and I think that is really important and I really appreciate the words of Commissioner Moedas saying that this is not Only kind of the specific efforts. It's actually the collective kind of view Behind an organization like this because we need to collaborate systematically across regulatory agencies we need to collaborate on understanding how we do clinical trials how we Kind of mobilize action in the field and all of that and and I think to have set me also as a platform for those wider dialogues across Regulators is important. Thank you very much Could I just add one thing because I think one of the concerns that I and my colleagues in the other Large multinational manufacturing and I should have mentioned Johnson and Johnson as the sixth organization in that category We are very familiar with the timeline for creating a vaccine So we have the opportunity now for a strong start in developing these three priority vaccines But please understand that we are not going to have a vaccine next year or in two years three companies Merck GSK and J&J have been working on a nabola vaccine And while we have made substantial progress in understanding the efficacy for example The Merck vaccine is looking very promising None of these vaccines have made it through the regulatory process So even when you have something that's gone through clinical trials, it takes a long time to get an approved vaccine So please understand that the commitment needs to be made now and this is a very long journey If something has occurs tomorrow such as an outbreak don't expect that sepi will be able to respond immediately But we're going to be a lot more prepared to respond by working together in Anticipation of what will be predictable surprises than if we do nothing in the interim So we are in a difficult situation of being committed, but we don't want to over promise on the timeline Thank you, Julie Let me follow up on that if you talk so you mentioned the six companies that are already involved if you talk to Fellow senior executives here in Davos from from other sectors Do you have the feeling that there's sense of urgency that's that's clearly present among this group? It's also has moved on to to other industries of the sectors I really don't I think perhaps the people who are experiencing the impact of Zika virus right now have a heightened sense of Urgency and a familiarity with the concept of what it means to have an emerging infectious disease Literally in your backyard, but inevitably and I've been doing this for a long time I've been through anthrax SARS monkey pox avian influenza and so forth when the threat subsides the attention Of even the political leadership subsides as quickly as the infectious agent does So it's really up to us the people who know and have the Responsibility to maintain that sense of urgency and we need your help in the media to advocate and create the awareness and the ongoing entrust in the concept of global emerging health threats and global health security Because that's really what this foundationally is This is another big piece of global health security for people not just in developed countries But for people everywhere in the world who are vulnerable I think I just one word I think that he's really where super national organizations have a role because we plan Longer term We have longer ten years as politicians and even if we are politicians we are on the long term and on the long run and Horizon 2020 our research program has been that so sepi I think that the results will be in all many concrete projects will we have will people look at sepi as an organization that is prepared Even and it is a long term effort But we have to be prepared and we have to accelerate that preparation even if it takes Years, but we are the accelerator and we have to show people the results of these projects And even if we are going step by step I think that today you need to inform people you need to tell them what have you done You have to explain the scientific process you live in a world where people are putting in doubt Experts and scientific processes because they don't know what science and they don't know what's the process And so I see also sepi as an educator What's the process the things that Julie was saying that people don't know in general? They think you can do it from in six months or one year And so it's also to explain and communicate will be very important for sepi. Thank you I think you want to add to that. Yes It's right to caution expectations or to manage expectations because there are so many Actors involved its basic research its proof of concept then its clinical trials Then it is the regulatory agencies then is then it is all the logistics to of bringing the vaccines to the people who need it And yet a coalition as sepi like sepi can Help to overcome the hurdles can help to speed up the process and I would like to echo Carlos This is a unique opportunity to do this if we join forces Internationally then we will be much faster than during the last crisis. We will not be there immediately But hopefully faster than in the past Thank you very much. Let's see if we have any questions on the floor. Can I get a sense? I Think we have answered all the questions already So let me let me ask one question then that came in over social media somebody asked what will the role of technology be here and Some of you already hinted to that, but maybe I have a volunteer or two to to elaborate Well, let me just say that vaccine development and manufacturing is technology So there will be a big role for technology But we're also very optimistic that this process of funding these rfps will incentivize Even the smallest Academic or biotech company to step up and try new and innovative things What we'd love to find is the platform that allows us to Create new vaccines much faster than the traditional mechanism So this is an opportunity to engage the brightest minds in creating new vaccine approaches new vaccine adjuvants new new technologies for both antigen development, but also manufacturing and deployment and even regulatory innovation But at the very heart this is all about Technology and bringing the best that science now has available to apply to an area of science where the market doesn't work to promote the Japan, Germany You want to to add to that? Yes, well Jerry has already said that what I want to say, but In addition, I think the CEPI is a wonderful platform to the researchers get together And explore each other and around each other. So maybe it's a good opportunity to overcome and also the Like my country and our prime minister and minister are convened that the CEPI initiative It's a good It's very wonderful to Give their young researchers to think about vaccine development and to join this area for the future. So And if we talk about research health research is high-tech research today. So technology is deeply involved and affected Thank you very much Mindful of the full schedules of our panelists and that we're reached the end of this press conference Thank you very much for joining This press conference on the launch of CEPI the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations. Thank you very much


Welcome! In this report we look at the new repository settings. The site-wide settings are situated in the size-administration section of the new settings block. If we look under size-administration and under plugins, you can see you have all of the links to the various parts of Moodle. And under repositories, we now have this key one called manage repositories. So let's click into that. Under the manage repositories page, you can see all of the plugins, whether they are active or not. And in this case we have six which are enabled and visible. And we have quite a few more which are disabled for the moment. There are three options for being active. The first one, enabled and visible. Second, enabled and hidden. And the other one is disabled. Some of these plugins, like others, have settings that you can actually configure themselves while others don't, they're just default. So that's the back end. What about the front end? So let's go out to a course. Back out to the front page. And let's go into a test course. So the first thing we'll have to do is turn editing on. And I use this one here on the course administration bar. So all of these repositories are there for us to be able to add items from them into the Moodle course. So let's go to add a resource. And choose file. So this one here is a sample file. And we're going to scroll down to where before you had to choose a file or put in a URL. Now it's just choosing a file. So let's click on add. Now this is different. Now you have this file picker. Basically it gives you an option of all the different areas that you can get a file from. So in this case it could be your server files and the different folders that are available. Or you could just upload a file. That's pretty safe. Of course when you upload a file now you can set a license for it. You can go to Google Docs. And here I'm already logged into Google Docs. So you can see I've got two documents. So what we're going to do is we're going to select the presentation. So I can then save this locally here as a presentation. I can set what the author name is. I can also choose the license and in this case I'm going to go for public domain. And click save file. So there we have it. The file has now been added under content. So I'll just scroll down and ignore all those other options and there's lots of them. Our item is now added to the page. This is the sample file. But what about the other repository? Let's go and have a look at it. Let's add a file again. And this is the sample file number two. And then we scroll down here and we look at the content. So let's click on add and click flicker public. So let's have a look for Dublin spike and search. Now let's see. There it is. We can look here that you've got this Dublin spire. Let's choose this picture. This looks to be a good one. So my Dublin. Let's save that. And this is a big spire which is in the middle of one of our main streets on O'Connell Street. So that's my Dublin. We can just scroll down now and click save and return to course. And here we have my sample file two. So as you can see it's pretty easy to use those external repositories. And that's just an example of two. I'll come back and give examples of the others later.


Yeah, that's the thing people don't understand, you know, there's two sides in trading, right? There's shorting. Shorting is just basically the same thing as a long but a reverse long you sell before you buy.  Same thing with a long, though, long you have to have the discipline to take your gains before it dumps on you, too. So, you know, there are nuances of both sides. So when you're starting out, try both. Who knows? Both sides, like I used to do, right?  But the one thing I liked about Tony, this is what he did, man, he, he stalked me. He found me in Las Vegas and I'm like, I'm like, dude, because I, when I go, when I go out, I don't like to see people, man, I, but Tony stalked me, he found me in Las Vegas, he went to the wind, met me at the wind. I tried to avoid him at any work and kept up, following me around. And so here we are, man. So I, I, I command you, bro, I appreciate that. And I believe in fate and everything happens for a reason.   You don't, you don't just say it, you, there's action. You study, you watch the videos. You're, I see you every day in the chat room. You are everywhere, bro. So, you know, congratulations, man. This is well earned. And so tell us now, the good stuff. Like, um, I seen you in the discipline workshop and I seen that, pull up that, that, that, uh, trade chart where you have the green, like days of green. Like did you get it all month of green? Um, two red and all green for the discipline. This one is really good. It's a little out chart. Show us that you have that. Um, I don't. It's somewhere I remember, um, I remember Stephen posted it. Yeah. But that's good, man. You'll have two red days, right? So are you using a max daily loss and all those things that we're telling you, right? Correct. Heart stops max, daily loss, loss, I mean, loss per taker, max shares, everything. That's the game changer, man, because what happens? You can make money 10 days in a row. But that one red day is a scary day. A lot of people lose all the 10 on that one red day because they used to cushion all that. So that's why you have to have your max data loss auto liquidation of the broker levels. You don't touch it. I set to it one to two days max only. So you can only give back one to two days of loss because a lot of people, what they do is man, they, they, they work the butt off for a month. And then the last day of the month, they, they, they think they're up. They have a cushion and next, you know, do that one loss, wipes out their month of hard work or more. And so I'm telling you, this is, I love the fact of using heart stops. I'm glad that you've fallen the role, which is basically risk management. Risk management is the key, the key to being a successful day trader. Risk management is the key to being success in life. Your body has a built in max, daily loss auto liquidation. Like if I drink too much and throw up, that is my auto liquidation. You take 20 shots, 10 shots, you throw up and you pass out.  Right. So, you know, thank God that the same thing with day trading, you have the max daily loss on the broker level. I, I have that, you know, your body has the same thing.  So then you lose a day. Every time you drink to the point where you throw up, you lose a day. Same thing with the, with trading guys. So, uh, so what are your, what are you working on to improve? And where, what would you like to do? You have, you thought about like where, where you found success and can you give some advice to, to the struggling traders off there? Um, okay. So what I'm working on is trusting myself more often and having more confident in my own trades.  Sometimes. Yeah. Cause I remember you, you really afraid to please trades. Yeah. Because. So I told you the first trade that you usually do on a stock is the, is the most profitable, the easiest, right? Right. And I suggest you size that up a little bit. Is the subsequent trades that doesn't work. So did, did, so did you do that? Or did you do something else? You have some advice on how you overcame this fear. Um, I did do that. So usually the first time when it spikes up, it works because it's so volatile. And it's something called the first resistant test when it tries it for the first time, there's a good chance that it will tank at the right levels.  So it can hold and they could push further. So, um, you know, size up the first time, which is usually the best. And how did I overcome that? I, I just kept doing it over and over and seeing it that it works. And when it works most of the time, Hey, sure. Why not? And if I do get stopped out, then that's fine. Um, but one thing that I'm really working on right now is holding for longer for winners, because I feel like my entries are really good. But my, my exit, oh man, it can always get better. Yeah. Like, man, I mean, we leave so much on the table. Um, so, you know, I've always been working on that. It's the personality in my opinion. I'm a control freak. Uh, so I, you know, I've been holding a lot longer too. So just, I think you too. So it was great because our entries are really good. It's just, we're so quick to take the problem because we, we see money on the floor. We want to pick it up. And so I'm glad that, you know, the, and it's only been like, my God, man, a year and a half since he joined MIC.  Like, so you had your dream. Your dream was become a professional day trader for a living. How, how is that? Are you living the dream? Do you think this is what you're going to be? I mean, for me, I thought it'd be glamorous. I'd be bottles and models and Lambo's and stuff.  I actually enjoy it because the thing is it's the one profession that I can work for myself and help other people without any rules or regulations or, you know, that's it. I can just teach other people without other people saying that no, or it's the right or wrong way. Are you financially okay?  You can go to work all day and McDonald's will make more. But I like the challenge. It's I strive for challenge because in my other previous job, it was, you know, I learned everything I need to learn. I did everything I need to do. And there wasn't much of a challenge anymore and it got boring. So with this, I can always challenge myself internally and externally. You know, I can understand more about myself and learn how to help other people overcome their obstacles as well. Because that's what I focus on. Human excellence. Well, wasn't that before you, before you were some psychologist or something? Yeah, I was. I worked in the psychological field and I emphasize on behavior analysis. Yeah, behavior analysis. So basically, I just analyze other people's behaviors to understand what they did, what was their outcome. And the last thing is who they become because the most important thing is. After you achieve all of those, who are you going to become?  That's the most important outcome in any success. Did you, do you use that to analyze yourself? Yes, that's why I take, that's why I put myself in all those positions of, you know, formal greed, fear or, you know, holding longer. But what, what, what did you study in school? What was your official major? What would you graduate? The college you have a BS, the MS. So, Alex, this is great. You hear this?  This is like, dude, this might be your calling, man, combining both, both what you love trading and your, and your background.  So this could be a great niche for you in the future, man. I mean, this, if you combine it, this is a great area. Like, so once, once you become more comfortable with trading, dude, Alex, we can set up a channel where it's like, this is your discipline workshop, bro. This is mental aspects of trading. And so you and, you and Stephen can be like, dude, and James, you know, I mean, I really, I'm really excited for this. Cause I remember that's why I'm waiting for you to get this level.  I mean, this is, this is great, man. This is amazing. It's fun too, because, you know, it's, it ties in with everything that I do. Cause psychology stuff is really important aspect of trading, as you know that it's, and so I keep telling people, there's two things in there is like the mental side to keep you disciplined. But then we're humans, man, we get greedy.  We just flawed. And so that's why that technology is very important.  That's why cars have seatbelts, airbags, all of that. And so multiple layers of risk, offense around your account, such as hard stop max, they lost broker level, things like that. You know, and then you also have the tab trading accountability buddy and stuff like that. So I, so use technology in conjunction with the mental aspects, but I guarantee you, man, I have a bad day. Um, uh, I'm bad sleep. I fight with my, my girl, I fight with my family, whatever I mean.  Right. So days like that you need a hard stop.    So I always tell people, there's always two sides to training guys to keep yourself safe, two sides to risk management, mental, mental can go like this, but that's what you also need. You also need technical, right? Which is the max data loss stops and things like that. So, but thanks man. So now you what, so I mean, congratulations. I don't, I don't even want to tell you congrats, man.  And then, I mean, but this is what you love, man.   Yeah. So I wrote down 10 things, um, Advices for people to listen to is, uh, well, this is my process. Uh, number one is being able to observe yourself to know how you're going to react in the market or during the trade. Uh, number two is having discipline in signature plan. When you place a plan, stay with it, but then modify it as you go. It's, uh, it's dependent on the price action to you need to have an edge. Cause the thing is, if you have an edge, you know, you're expected of a, of a strategy of a win rate or I mean, uh, just strategy. Okay, I'm going to go on, um, and accept that you are alone responsible for everything that you do. So don't blame it on the market. Don't blame it on other people, you know, blame it on yourself and take responsibility. Number five is there is no holy grail. I've learned that when I first started, I tried every indicator possible, but then I realized that going back to simplicity is the most effective simple line to line support and resistance, pivot lines. It helps the works. Um, six, trusting yourself, you know, trust yourself to take the trade because sometimes we get so caught up in different chat rooms or different ideas. Um, just trust your own self through experience and time. Uh, seven, being able to stand up after being, being down, you know, even though it's really tough, just keep going because over time we'll learn how to modify ourself and adjust and be better. Uh, eight, being lucky from time to time. I have that mindset of being lucky from time to time because, Hey, you know, sometimes we get home runs, but if we can consistently get, take small profits every single day, that's all that matters. And it adds up, uh, nine, keeping it for me. I like to keep it mental trading journal and then reviewing it after mental. As in, you know, I, after the printing day, I sit in meditation for maybe five, 10 minutes. I review what happened mentally and I try to visualize of how it went and what I could have done better. The last one is don't panic. If it's going against you, don't panic.  Stay calm, but use your emotions as your guide. During the train as well. And those are the 10 things that I wrote down for myself and I advise people to give it, um, try it out for themselves as well. Man, you are very confident. You know, this, um, this, uh, conversation, you're so calm.    Cause even you telling me this, you're so calm. That's, that's a good quality to have as a trader actually, but people like me, man, I go crazy at curse. I'm all over, right? Well, just like the rain, you know, it, it builds up, it happens and then it goes away with emotions. It typically lasts for 90 seconds. Just remember that it typically lasts for 90 seconds. And during that 90 seconds, then it all out, take a walk, stand up, do something and then come back. That's about it. Very good point, guys. 90 seconds, just count to 90 or something. You can walk around because that's right, man. In 90 seconds, that's the difference between you blowing up or not. Clearly that's the 90 seconds you're adding to a loser and then it holds up and you're dead. So 90 seconds, I like that. So you're hearing professional advice, 90 seconds. Yeah. And if a person keeps doing that over and over, they train their body to react to that 90 seconds so that they can lower it down to 60 seconds, 30 seconds, 10 seconds, five seconds, and then, you know, they'll be okay. So what if 90 seconds I'm still pissed? That's fine. Some people, some people takes longer. Sometimes you've got to vent even more, scream your heart out.  But thanks, man. I mean, you are correct because I'm a very emotional person, man. My problems, I react right away.  Because I don't really think things through. And so you really helped me there, man, 90 seconds. I like that because a lot of people say, hey, calm down.  Their piss is calm down. Calm down. But then you take a deep breath, it works. Walk around, come back and you feel great. You're right, man, 90 seconds. But that 90 seconds when you're mad, seems like an eternity too, right? Seems like a long time. Yes. So this is good. You have these written out. Well, we will post that as a PDF or something in the room and pass it out because I think this is really great.  You got a master's in this stuff and you've done this for a living, right? So this is great, man. I mean, this is something that's really valuable asset to the community, man. I appreciate you, man. Thank you very much. Thank you. I really appreciate you too. All right, man. Thank you. Let me bring on Alex and then congrats, man. Thank you. Okay, thank you. Hey, we appreciate it, man. This is awesome. You see the members that are in my MIC is just amazing stuff.  Let me see. Let me move. I'm going to leave. Okay. Let me, let me try and figure out how to add Alex. Okay. I removed Alex.  I removed him. Oh, let me for Alex to come back in. I actually kicked him out of the chat. You're in here, Alex.  Yeah, I was going to tell you some of the stuff that's going on. I think we, you know, back to, what's that do this Black Friday coming up? So we're going to have a big sale. But in the meantime, you want early access to the Black Friday sale, guys. Hit up, hit up, Tosh, Tosh, you around? Oops. I think I kicked Alex out. But all right, guys, I guess I'm going to leave you like this. Just check up our Twitter and all that stuff. I'm going to do my Instagram. All right, guys. Thanks, Tony. Thanks to everybody for early access to the Black Friday sale. Hit up, Tosh. Okay, guys, you know what I find is, Hey, thank you, everybody coming in. We'll see you back in the chat room. Now we have us train psychologists in them. I see that's, that's freaking amazing. Thanks, Tony. Thanks, guys.


Good morning from a very sunny morning here in Hong Kong. Today, what I'm going to do is I'm going to review this book, New Business Models for the Knowledge Economy, and it's written by three academics in the Netherlands. Now, I stumbled across this book by a complete accident when I was looking for books on my knowledge management assignment in my Masters. Now, I thought this is going to be very academic-y and that I was just going to pick up a thing or two and find it a great reference to add in and so on, whereas instead, actually, it has taken me 18 months to read this properly, even though there's 132 pages in it. It's not that I'm a slow reader, it's just that it's given me an awful lot to think about. And yesterday, on a Sunday afternoon in Hong Kong Park, I did get to the end of it, and all it made me want to do was to go back and start again and actually really identify key pieces of learning out of it, which is what I want to share with you today. So, first and foremost, there's three key things that I wanted to talk to you about, which I think could be very, very useful for you. If you are somebody who is considering how you build your business model, but more specifically than that, I think this book is excellent if you are trying to discern things that aren't taught generally in whether it's a start-up on business course or whether it is those big leadership training courses, etc. There's three things in here that I had not heard of before, really and truly had not heard of before, and I wanted to share them with you. So, the first one, and this one has probably been the most impactful for me, is the theory of reciprocal value. Now, again, some of this is quite text booky, but when you apply it, it's very, very real word. So, reciprocal value is all about if you think about it. Generally, when I would say to you, what is your business model? I'm also asking how do you charge in such a way that you can make money? That's generally the way we think your business model is, but this looks at things differently. It says, okay, if I am going to create value for you, which we're going to assume that I do, if I don't do that, you're not going to buy from me the first place. How else do people pay for that apart from with money? Okay, so for example, I am, as you know, co-founder of Savitini Academy. So, we provide a summer camp for teenagers focusing on careers, communication, confidence, and we provide that for our teenagers, and then parents or sponsors or aunties and uncles pay for it to send their teenagers along, and there is value there. But what else is there? How else? What other value are our customers giving to us at Savitini Academy? So, the way reciprocal value would train you to think is, number one, it gives you a mark of research. The fact that they're willing to buy from you shows that there's an interest in this, but when people don't buy from you, maybe it is because of the lack of suitability of the timing. Maybe it is that they are interested in one particular area of the course, maybe career guidance, and they would prefer to go to somebody directly for a career mentoring for example. Maybe it is that they're solely interested in public speaking and since they're interested in public speaking, they're willing to pay for the whole program to get that piece of it. So, there's a lot of market research comes from engaging with your buyers and your non-buyers. Secondly, a lot of our parents, delightfully, have recommended us to other people. So, therefore, when they buy from us, they're also willing to be advocates for Savitini Academy as well, as are our students who have given us some really wonderful testimonials over the years. And also, when our teenagers come along, I've told a lot of you about this already. When our teenagers do come along to us, I'm in July, they share a lot of their views, so whether it is about Snapchat or whether it is about how they see employers of tomorrow or how they feel society reflects on them, etc. So, rather than simply think of business model, it's just about the money that you receive in exchange for the value that you give. But this book has taught me to do is to look at many of the other ways in which we are getting value from reciprocal value from our customers as well. So, let me give an example of here, okay? So, I'm over here at the moment here in Hong Kong, I was in Shanghai last weekend for four days of working with other people as well. So, I'm just here with a view to selling aspects of our business and I could look at it like that and I could solely measure the value of the trip doing that. However, this book again has taught me to think differently because while I'm here, I'm also gathering those types of insights that you simply can't get from Google or even that you can't just get from people who have traveled over here. It's talking to people who are living here, both Irish and Hong Kong and Chinese. And it's talking to local people here. It's talking to those people here who have views about the way in which Europe is working or the way in which they feel about doing business with the Irish. And all of that feeds into our training business and it feeds into our Saviteen Academy because let's just say in July I will meet people who probably will ask me about what it's like to study abroad or maybe what it's like to get an internship in China and so on. And now I have not alone have my insights but I actually have connectivity that I can direct them accordingly with. So, therefore there's actually quite a lot of reciprocal values that I can lean from being here. I've met many of the people from Team Ireland. Team Ireland would be Enterprise Ireland or Via Tourism Ireland, etc. So, if those contacts and of course what has also happened is that from being here, people here have referred me to people in other countries including Ireland. So, therefore China and Hong Kong are already directing business to us at home. So, that is the whole idea of reciprocal value. Now, much of this book is built on that. It's built on looking at the business models and each of the three business models that it outlines, it really hones in on what reciprocal value is there and how that reciprocal value can then move it around and move that value into other areas also. Now, the second thing I want to talk about is something that is very close to a Chinese heart and that is, some of you will have heard if you've ever even attended a presentation or spoke to a person doing business in here in China, you will hear about a term called and that is the whole idea of businesses built on relationships and that's the way business is done in the East and that term you will hear over and over and over and over and over again here in China. Now, the thing is if you think about it, if business is built on relationships, well then ultimately business is based on trust. Now, if we think of that further again, what really is trust and more importantly, how is trust created? So, that is one of the other things that's done in this book is that they decipher and discern what consists of trust and they do this in a certain way relating to business modeling because one of their business models in here called the innovator model is all about shared governance and enabling various different parties who aren't all shared or don't all work together in the one entity how they can work together in a trusted way. So, here's the five elements of trust, consistency over time which means that you do what you say you're going to do and you're going to do it with reliability and predictability. Two is integrity is that there's coherence in words and deeds so what you say you will do is equally followed up with deeds and they're not the same thing so integrity is if you say something that I can believe in you, consistency over time is that I can do that consistently over time. Communication and openness is that we don't hide information from each other is that instead we're open with each other and also if there's feedback to be shared that isn't always comfortable that we know that we will do that directly with each other as opposed to going behind someone's back or not at all and carrying it out in the past the price of way. Number four is genuine care and attention towards each other. I think that speaks for itself and five is shared governance is that we know that if something goes right that it will be rewarded and if it goes wrong that there will be feedback groups there for that information to be shared in such a way that is the same for everybody and if you think about it if we take those five aspects right like take those five aspects of trust and think about that in terms of doing business in a new country which I'm now doing now on my way to doing we're not doing business here yet but on the way so if you think about that if I take those five principles and while they may seem obvious when they're explained if you think of every single aspect of the way in which we work with our new customers and new stakeholders and new suppliers and do everything here I take those five principles and with each transaction whether it's an email whether it is an action whether it's a meeting whether it's a call whether it's a proposal whether it's a contract whether it's a business deal and I keep those five right in place that is how I can build Guangxi that is how I can do it now of course many of us on this page are Irish and therefore we know that we have an Irish advantage which is that we've charm and we've we have a lot of people around the world and that we have got the Irish advantage which is those entities around Ireland house who can help us along the way all of those are all there too of course I need to bring those before and of course is being Irish and building trust isn't going to be enough we also need a product that this market wants and that is of course why I have spent this is my third trip here third trip here in five months so what I'm out here is to see what does the market want and what we're offering is it of relevance to them is it something that they're willing to pay for is it something that they're willing to buy into etc so of course we need to have that also and that of course is what we're working on so when you put all of those three things together I've got the reciprocal value of the market research I've got the product and the service that I'm constantly evaluating to see is this what the market wants out here and how do I tweak it accordingly which has been a complete work in progress for every moment that I've been here as well as thinking about how can I build that trust in that's absolutely key the last thing that I really took out of this out of this book here new business models for the knowledge economy is generally when we are thinking about our market we think in three areas we think of demographically so men and women between a certain age savvy team academy focusing on Krillers communication and confidence for teenagers between 15 to 18 typically who are going into fifth and sixth year okay that's one way I could look at it secondly we think about it geographically so businesses who are operating here in Hong Kong and China that want to upskill their people here locally and how to do business in Europe could be for example a geographical target market that here at Hayes College and that we would be targeting here in Hong Kong and China okay and the other way we can do it is psychographically so we might also say well people who are interested I'll give you an example and I see Deirdre McGlone from from Harvey's point just joined good morning Deirdre so for example give you a way in which I worked with Deirdre and a number of our colleagues a while ago so last September I spoke for the Donegal women in business network and fantastic event that was held in Deirdre's new conference center at Harvey's point so psychographically that is a group of women in business in Donegal and the surrounding areas who are particularly interested in learning more about how to do business in wanting to be inspired by a range of different speakers who were there including Michelle O'Donnell and they had some a range of other fantastic speakers check out their Facebook page they're constantly evolving all the time and there are also people who are interested in networking with each other they had 150 women in that room today sorry in that room that day who are interested in networking with each other so there are three psychographic elements they're looking for learning inspiration and networking now that's generally the way and it's a very useful way right very very effective way to characterize or categorize your target market however this book gives you an additional way which is how about if we actually categorized our market in terms of what they value so let's not necessarily think about where they are let's not think about what age they are and let's not think about this the state of mind that they're in and what specifically how that relates to the product that we're offering but instead let's think about what do they value so I read a fantastic article a couple of a couple of months ago in the Harvard business year around to 30 elements that consumers truly value okay so some of us value things like connectivity we want to feel connected to other people that's why we form part of communities some of us want to save money okay I will move utility provider from A to B when I realize that I can save money some of us will do something when we want to make money obviously any of us who are entrepreneurs we want to do that some of us want to feel part of something greater than ourselves which is transcendence so I want to be part of a much bigger entity for example the global Irish I'm a really passionate member of the Irish diaspora even though I live in Dublin and I travel regularly I still feel part of the global Irish diaspora and I'm very passionate about helping the global Irish community into furthering what it wants to do so therefore I'm part of the Irish international business network for example I'm willing to give my time which has a value like all of yours does to IIBN in a voluntary capacity because I feel passionate about that so there are values that we have so whether it's convenience it's connectivity it's transcendence or many many other other different things and wouldn't it be a very different approach if actually we categorized our business modeling we categorize the people who buy from us in such a way that it actually holds in really and truly focuses in on the way in which people value what we offer and then from there take demographic psychographic and geographic because if we did that well then we probably would have a far greater sense of what that person wants how to serve them and then from there we could build our business models accordingly so in summary I found this book very useful it is going to be on my bookshelf at home for a very very very long time it's called new business models for the knowledge economy and just by the way just to give you a very quick summary of what the three are so the first one is called the comedian the second one is called the innovator and the third one is called the foyer business models all very very useful the reason that I didn't elaborate specifically on them is that they're all honing in on a specific mindset that one of you are sorry not one of you a percentage of you would have whereas the other three that I picked up on namely the value of reciprocal value and how that has changed my mindset in terms of every interaction that I do discerning and really putting together the principles of trust and how that particularly is a value when you're doing business with new and existing contacts but particularly new contacts and in a new market particularly with a new product it becomes all more relevant and the third thing is segregating your market in terms of what they value first and then demographically, psychographically and geographically so on that case from a very sunny morning here in Hong Kong I'm going to wish you all the very best would you believe I'm now going to go to watch Dragon Bowling down here in the harbour that is something that because it's a it's a public holiday here in Hong Kong that is something that has been done it's a tradition for thousands of years so I'm going to meet a number of people and we're going to go and watch that and when I come back here it's just been landing on my desk South China Morning Post so this evening I'm going to realise what happened in South China this morning so thank you all so much indeed thank you for joining me right here this morning and to each and every one of you have a truly truly truly fantastic week thank you very much and goodbye


Welcome to The Anxious Morning. Every weekday morning, we'll take a few minutes to go over some important lessons that you can use in your anxiety recovery journey. Away from the endless noisy scroll of social media, The Anxious Morning brings you support, education, inspiration, encouragement, and empowerment. For more, visit us at TheAnxiousMorning.com. Yesterday we talked about observing the process of anxiety, rather than evaluating its content. Notice that email, go back and reread it. Remember that an archive of all past Anxious Morning emails can be found at TheAnxiousMorning.email. One very simple yet powerful statement can start us down the path of observing rather than evaluating our anxiety and fear. I am thinking. Why am I thinking? Because I am afraid. When you pause for a few seconds and consider this simple fact, you will see that in all cases, it is true. When you are anxious and afraid, you will be thinking. In most cases, you will be thinking about all kinds of scary things and what-if scenarios. As scary and disturbing as those thoughts may be, however, the fact remains that you are thinking in those moments. You have heard me say that thoughts are just thoughts, even when they are scary and unwanted. Anxious thoughts, I have said in the past, have two characteristics. They are very strong, but also very wrong. They are not telling you something. They are not accurately predicting some danger or disaster. They are not premonitions, omens, visions, or manifestations of your intuition. Anxious thoughts are just thoughts. They are thoughts designed to protect you against a threat, which makes them naturally very strong. But since no threat actually exists, this also makes them very wrong. If we start from this premise, then taking a few seconds to pause and simply observe that you are thinking when anxious and afraid can be a game changer. I am thinking objectively and accurately describes the process at play. This simple statement does not concern itself with the content of your thoughts, nor does it attempt to interpret or interact with them.  It's okay to think. Thinking is a normal human experience. It certainly has importance in a human life. But while thinking may be important, this does not make it automatically predictive or even accurate in the way it describes reality. Thoughts can feel important while also being wildly inaccurate and twisted. You are not required to interact with, argue with, or otherwise engage with or respond to inaccurate and twisted thoughts. Why? Because in simplest terms, when you objectively look at what is happening in any given moment, you are just thinking. That is all. It may take you a while to come to terms with this idea. I know it feels like the thoughts are so important and that you must take action to stop them, escape them, or prove them wrong. Odds are that has not worked very well for you. So take a few minutes today to consider what you've read here. Maybe you really are just thinking, and maybe those thoughts really are only just thoughts. If you look at the track record of reality, rather than your imagination and fear, I think you'll agree that what I'm saying rings true. I am thinking. Step one in observing the process of anxiety. Tomorrow we'll take a look at the second observational concept that I found incredibly useful in my recovery. Tomorrow we'll examine another simple statement. I am feeling. Hey, if you're enjoying the podcast and you'd like to get a copy of it delivered every morning into your email inbox, including a full text transcription, head on over to the anxious morning dot email and sign up for the newsletter. And if you're listening on iTunes or Spotify or someplace where you can leave us a rating or review, take a moment and rate the podcast and maybe write a small review. It really helps us out or just tell a friend about us. Thanks a lot.


Okay, I think we should get going here. Our next topic is we're going to talk about grafting apple trees and I said why would you graft an apple tree? And I was My answer Todd, then I'll hear yours. Yeah, this is what happens. I'll just say yeah, that sounds good This is what happens a lot. You move into a house and you have an apple or a crab apple tree You want to plant a superior variety. Let's say like honeycrisp But you don't have room to plant another apple tree on your on your existing crab or apple in your landscape So wallah you can find a honeycrisp tree in the neighborhood or you can buy a scion and you can Create your own honeycrisp branch on your apple. It's a tough one to surpass. I'm gonna try though That's a great way. Another way would be is say for example a loved one had planted a tree and It's a variety that's not real common anymore and it's an okay eating variety But they passed on and you'd like to remember them you can take cuttings from that graft it on and kind of keep that Memory going so that that's that's another way to not as fun as yours But you know I'll tell you that's a really if you look it's like some of these like Catalogs like the old st. Lawrence nurseries you look at their apple listing of cultivars It's over a hundred. There's lots of heirloom varieties that have some special quality special flavors to them and You're not gonna find a lot of these varieties From your local garden center, but there's a lot of heirlooms that are or sometimes how to get the question Can you please tell me what variety this is this apple? I love these apples, but I don't want variety well, you don't have to know the variety just take a cutting from it and There you go. You got your you got your own secret mysterious variety that tastes great I always tell them it's a Tom Kelp and I say kind of a dignity is that the older variety called Tom Kelp? It's not very common really great apple and um, and they usually buy that and I go on Okay, Todd now we're done with the nonsense. Let's get some serious discussion here So please welcome Todd Weinman. He's our agricultural natural resources agent in Cass County Todd welcome to the forum. Thanks Tom and thanks for not leaving while I'm talking What one thing before we get started here, I want to show that Tom did provide medical Equipment in case I do cut myself or someone else during this so this we're not promoting this brand But um, we do have one in case someone were to get hurt here We'll get started here with the basics and and keep in mind that what I what I described to you might be slightly different might be Exactly the same as what you've done or learned or maybe don't know at all, but there's more than one way of doing this Three basic parts of the apple tree that you should know are the roots obviously the bottom portion the sign and the graft When you see an apple tree like this you might think oh, it's just one tree But really there are two trees combined into one here this this apple state fair apple It's called is grafted on to a semi dwarf rootstock the semi dwarf rootstock is Very like more than likely a crab apple variety of some sort or a variety that has no flavor But does very well in our climate here Many people will say well, I want a nice apple tree, but I don't want such a giant apple tree like a standard rootstock So I would say a semi dwarf or a dwarfing rootstock and also the standard rootstock Sometimes I find that they have a hard time surviving here in in North Dakota Many people say to when is a great time to to start this? I'd like to do this Can I do it anytime of the year the best time that I found is April May time? But it's not exact plants can't read and therefore you can always go like oh when the crappies start biting in this in the spring Or when the the tulips are three inches tall or find some other type of little oh Story that you want to think of but but those are also accurate times for when to start doing this The techniques that you can use different knives the biggest thing with the knives. They have to be sharp laser sharpened surgical steel These these things will cut through bone basically There isn't there is you never grabbed the dull knife That's just your way to go into the into an emergency room or hospital There's a number of different shapes and sizes I like one just a regular looks like a little regular pocket knife and on the end it has a little real dull edge and This dull edge I used to help pry open the The dull edge I used to help pry back the bark a little bit because if I use the other edge I would basically just slice the bark right apart. Now if you look at this knife That's little dull edges right on the opposite side. Now. I'm not Well comfortable enough to use a knife like this For popping it open without slamming showing my fingers and so I'll use this to graft and cut but When I start prying back the bark, I'll use something like this for my little doll edge on it The first first graph we're going to try is or we're going to do is called a t-bud What I what I like to do is take make a capital t-shaped cut into Into my my rootstock and now this is quite large for what I usually do But the ones I ordered didn't come in and this is the smallest tree I could find in the state And so what I'm going to do is don't I'll make a little just for demonstration purposes Make a little cut right here. Usually I use newer wood, but for this I'm just gonna do this So it cuts right into that without a problem I'll get rid of this This is where Tom's Band-Aid comes in handy. They were cut toward yourself I also brought a lot for as long because as you know, Applewood is very hard Someone will clean that up or just leave it till next year if I get invited back And I'll just kind of make a nice capital t-shaped cut in there Close this end if you want to keep your fingers Hopefully made it deep enough. I'll use both hands because I I can do that And you see this nice light green colored wood underneath here right underneath the bark That's your form. That's the living tissue You don't want to damage that and our and time is kind of of an essence here So we're not gonna just I'm just gonna make it now describe it a little bit here So for this I'm gonna find a nice little bud on here This one is not what I want Can be a little picky as you see so I cut that bud right in half. Fortunately, I have another one right here Also noticed to and maybe can't see but I do have clean disease-free wood Very important. You don't want to graft anything that's diseased or filled with insects onto something else Take my little non-sharp end That was not a terminal bud Was Amanda. Um, this wasn't a terminal bud. No, um, you could use a terminal bud Or you could drop it on the floor like that I'll get another one Remember I can't chew gum and talk and so if you say anything to me I know that I can't I'm more close. I'm more clumsy. Please ask questions if it helps with comic relief here Maybe I'm a little picky with it. I don't I Guess as far as a terminal bud, you could use one. I haven't here Slide that in here same orientation that it was growing before You want the the flume to touch each other so they're nice and snug in here And now You can use there's there's a ton of different types of tape out there. Um, I Just bought a couple and this is more this type right here is more of a parafilm wax type And it's very pliable and it will rot according to the instructions So I get that a little bit lower and I just start snugging it up like this and in theory It'll rot off once this starts to grow Now you get up to here get it above the bud Some people go over the bud a little bit. You want to make sure all the xylem is covered And you can tie it on there Ideally what you want now is once this starts to grow you have success It'll start to grow you clip this top part off right here and this will become the new leader This here will you and then you from here on up is the new variety of of apples that you get So the top part will be this and the bottom will be that Now let's say you just like you know what I just want to mess with my relatives or my friends They're gone for the weekend. They have an all-red apple. I want to put purple yellow Whatever can apple on here. Well, you can do that too. They're gone for the weekend What I'm gonna do is the right tool take and cut Nice clean cut now that would have damaged this wood or the xylem, but we're not worried about it right on the ends there This is where the band-aid part comes in again It's not supposed to split like that, but we'll try it again Not really good at piano or anything. So that helps some people take a little a little hammer and tap on there, but um, I found that a little bit over zealous What I've made is a nice cleft graft here or cleft here now for a cleft graft I'm going to take this one right here. I want to match it up to about the same Diameter if you can to get both sides Cut at an angle go to the other side this inner wood really hasn't a lot of value to it Now Line this up a little bit too long yet Left a little on it As you can see the xylem and the and actually the flume with the xylem is good right here This is our part that we really want to take with them right here So it should be the same diameter And the more you do this especially if it's your friend or neighbor's tree the better you'll get at it and Get that lined up there Get sure you can use electricians tape too um And that is supposed to rot off in time masking tape does not but this is not masking tape This is um special grafting masking tape and that's supposed to rot off. Um, but just remember plants can't read and Therefore you might have to um See how it goes Now this here one Might be a little bit misleading You won't always know if this actually took until the plant starts to bud and if this one starts budding And um everything's looking good and it's been on there for a few months and nothing's going wrong with it This is budding. This is budding I'd say you're great But don't be out here just kind of I wonder if it's still on because um That that will not be good for what you want to do This here one a little but and so with this branch I would just leave this branch and then we'd have a brand new variety of apples They welcome they're all red this one's yellow. What happened? And then you can make up any kind of stir you want they won't know or If you want to just you know put a little bud here You cut this off as this grows from here on up will be a brand new thing People say well, how many different types can you put on an apple tree? That I don't know but I've heard up to 14 with success. Um, which is a lot of varieties and um One nice thing what I've done here is I've grafted um this um state fair apple which is an earlier Um apple probably late august august sometime with a variety that's done after good hard frost in september So what in theory what will happen is I'll have apples for an extended period of time You know, I'll get the earlier flush is like, oh, yeah apples. This is great and later on I'll have a different apple It'll be nice and fresh from the tree where these are starting to become overripe and such and um That's um just something that you can kind of consider to what what you want to do is graft onto varieties that you like to eat though um As far as um, can you graft on to? um Crab apples. Yes, you can a lot of the a lot of trees are grafted Especially dogo crab and there's a number of different crab apples that you can graft on to I prefer grafting onto smaller trees. Maybe about oh two and a half three four feet high. Um, seems to be Trees that I like that have the most success with People say well, how can you get good at this practice and take your time and patience? Um, don't drink a lot of caffeine beforehand. So you're shaky um Don't have anything to drink and and just just be ready to go and have a good time But but remember these knives are extremely sharp as you saw when I was doing it. It just flipped right off um Good thing tom wasn't there. Who knows what would have happened But um, I want to talk about like just one quick story. Look at time here. Yes, we do. Okay. Um Um, when I the very first time I did this was in South Dakota about 18 years ago and You have to be very careful with people that come if you if you go to if you teach a class people that are over confident and and they they Portray that they know a lot, but they really don't and so I had a man come in He had grafted apple trees since before I was born and all this and so I had beautiful knives from Sweden. They were fantastic just fantastic knives I had gotten some money and I bought them handed them out to the class We all started grafting. He pulled out a buck knife and immediately sliced open his hand blood everywhere I almost passed out and so now um when people when I put on this class I do not have anyone bring their own knives. You just can't um, I'm not too big on having kids there just because you know kids want to grow up and have their fingers, but um You know, you get adults in your class and and they're they're fairly competent and not shaky I would say fine, but but don't let them use their own knives Um disease free and then also a tom had talked about earlier too. Um limited space Um, there's an excellent example if you have for example, just one tree in your yard It's a crab apple tree or a regular eating apple and you want to do something where you get more apples This is a this is a great way to start that and so that's something to do. Um, let's see here Oh, um too bad. I can't quiz people but um one question and I'll answer it is um When you have an apple orchard If everyone ever had the opportunity to go and pick your own apples, which is is fun Especially a great family event to go and eat apples and pick them you get way too many and never eat them all But anyways, you look down these beautiful rows of apple trees and then all of a sudden you see What is that? It's just why is that little tree in there? It's a it's a crab apple or something It's for pollination. Um, the these are not Trees that are self pollinating. They need another another apple tree to pollinate And that's the thing too say you live someplace and there were no apples anywhere And you only had room for one apple you could graft onto this A crab apple just a little crab apple even and you would be perfectly fine the bees would come I know a friend of mine did that. Um And then the thing was he goes gee that You know his wife later I go gee that one branch It always has these little terrible apples and she cut it off and then the next year Well, there were no apples. So you know you explain it to them and I think they got divorced But um, you know, it's one of those things where um, they want to happen if they were known about this So to save your marriage I would suggest that you learn how to graft Yeah You get some communication issues communication issues All right, is there any question or else I got some more but let's maybe answer some questions first So, uh If the leader was broken off can you graft a new bud onto it? Okay, so it you'll say the leader's broken off a deer or neighbor kid climbed this and broke it in half or whatever Could you graft on what I would do is I would clean it up if it's all raggedy and stuff and I'd clip it And I would look at it and I might actually even go further down just in case disease got in here And I'd put a little like a little tea bud Um If it was nice and narrow like this, I'd put one of these cleft grafts on there. There's also a bark graft Let's say you had a large branch like this and it broke off from Who knows what? Um, you could cut that off With a chainsaw or the best you can and you drive and I don't remember the terminology what the tool is called But it's like a it's like a wedge and you drive that in there and you could put On each end of those wedges Basically a cleft graft just like we did here And many times some if you haven't if you for example inherit an old orchard is like oh these trees are dying But they were so nice and I've seen this before where they've cut them and they've grafted onto those and in the hopes that Something strong would take over and usually my understanding is they leave one of them But they might put on several and just to get something going They and they'll keep the best one And so that so yeah And that bark That bark graft is described in the last page of the handout There's a drawing there for you and that's like kind of seen for large stock right you do that. Yeah a large tree How about our dolgo crab apple tree still available? Oh, sure. Yeah in the nurseries There's many time carry up almost any nursery I would think would have them unless something's happened the last couple years where they're No longer available. I would just go to your local nursery and say Can you order me a dolgo crab and they'll say well, they were all wiped up You know that I'm sure they could get them. I don't know unless something weird has happened. Nothing's weird It's possible. I don't know everything like Tom. Well, no, that's that don't say that Dolgo that's the for dolgo. It's very common crab apple and I've seen them in uh I've seen them in nurseries in north dakota So just they're widely available. They're they're a nice nice hearty Crab apple for here. It's a good. Yeah, it's a good one Yeah, it's okay How about can you graft a winter apple onto a summer apple? I'm not sure what what that means Probably a winter apple would be a late ripening apple that you eat the fruits in during winter time You sure could yeah Yeah, well, yeah, that that would be that would be um an ideal thing to do Like for example, um when I first planted apple trees at my parents home and they started to produce 1,000 apples per tree. I'm guessing I went out there late june for right after a june drop and that's when they're not when they'll drop in In june july time The apples that are not pollinated or fertilized will fall off the tree and everyone panics But still after that there are a tremendous amount of apples and I would go through and pick those all off until There's only like 200 per tree and they get quite large So you can graft a winter apple on a summer apple, but Todd can you graft? Among different species like how about can I graft a plum on an apple? I would no no if You can't they just don't the genetics are too far apart. Um If you could I mean it would be fantastic But for one other thing and it's a different kind of wood all together. Um, it's just um, it's just not gonna work Not like your citrus you can I'm not all that familiar. I've never done it but I have seen citrus where they've kind of messed with them a little bit but um apples and apples, you know and You know different varieties of apples I sit down there, but not um, you don't see a grapefruit on an apple tree or anything Like that, right? They're not compatible, right? And we don't want we don't need to talk about citrus. This is for north Dakota gardeners, right, right? Uh, but how about even a pear and an apple? Now that I don't know pretty close. They are close. It's gonna work though, but um, you know one time, um I was down in brookings and I saw that they had grafted a lilac onto an ash Stump and it was blooming. Now the thing with that is though. He only lasted it one season You know just kind of messed with it and and who knows what else they did with it So, you know, if if it did work, it'd be so temporary. It'd be kind of a huge waste of time So I wouldn't do that. You know How about is is when you look at when you choose a scion? Is the winter hardiness of the scion an important consideration? Um, maybe I'll add to that as far as winter hardiness. Yes, but also you want to you want to keep in mind that Um The storage say you go out in the fall and and you harvest your scion Wood you want to keep that wood between 32 and 40 degrees like maybe in a refrigerator crisper if you're not married something like that and If it gets below that you start to get tissue damage and and things have real problems with with um surviving So I would say um storage is good um About this point dotat. Let's say uh, they really like Granny Smith or something that's Not hardy in North Dakota. If I grafted a granny smith on a doggle crab Would it survive North Dakota? Yeah, I've never seen that. I don't believe that it would it just isn't tough enough to um You know for the climate that it's grown in it would be fine But here it'd be either too cold or there's something that there's a reason they're not doing it for right now and I would say no, you know It'd be nice, but but she can't have everything. You can't have everything. It's not gonna work. Sorry our winter's too brutal Uh, can you teabud graft on lateral shoots? Or just on the main trunk? I prefer to do lateral shoots or the main trunk if it's smaller. This one is pretty big I like to do it when the trees are a lot younger. Um, this tree is is a little bit older But obviously for demonstration purposes if that if it's um younger more supple tissue You have a better chance of it taking Okay, uh, speaking of taking what type of graphing have you had the most success with? Uh, the most success I've had is with with tea budding Yeah, I've I've had the most success with that. Um cleft. I think what happens is like you saw me It's like, uh, that's not quite perfect not quite perfect. I think by the time I'm done Whittling it down to the perfect size. It actually dries out. I think that I'm too slow with it I don't I don't do it all. It's just I do it once a year. So I'm not very that that proficient at fast So can you uh graft on to a 25 year old crab apple tree or sure? Yeah, sure, you know, even like let's say it was one that um I don't know somebody ran hit it with a truck and the branches are broken You could take a chainsaw or something cut it and do like um a bark graft on there You could try that or even just a little branch like um, you know, I prefer the younger wood But you could do older wood. This is easier to work with the younger wood Here's a situation where the rabbits took off all the bark All the way around about two and a half feet off the ground So the girl did two and a half feet off the ground Can the upper buds be grafted onto the lower trunk? That'd be called a bridge graft and I've tried that and have six and have failed every single time Um whenever I've done that so I've heard of people that have done that and it's been successful But I've never had it work for me. Um, I don't know why I'm not getting it to work But um, it's hard. I've seen that but this tree is only one and a half inches in diameter too. So it's a pretty young tree. Yeah Just get a start a new just Buy a new one or just make the cut you got two and a half feet Oh, if it's two and a half feet you could graft right below that. Sure. Yeah, just put a you can put one All those bud things right Right, uh, just you know remove the damaged tissue and just put a bud graft around there. That would be perfect. Yeah How many years before a bud graft bears fruit? I kind of depends. Um, sometimes I have actually cut off All the little um spurs and I've grafted those on and and you could get an apple Probably that year, but that's cheating Um, it just depends it takes forever It seems like sometimes if for example if this were to take off and this branch right here I would say maybe with my luck, um five or six years at the earliest I just don't have um, whenever I've done trees that they just take forever I'd say five or six years I know that some people have cheated and put things on them and made them go faster But I don't do that. So okay, so he's not be patient. Yeah patient. This is a patient sport right here Can you graft onto a flowering crab? Yes, you sure can any kind any kind of crab apple tree. Yeah Here's the con comment Top jim wall at top working tends to increase winter hardiness By about one hardiness zone level. Wow. So if it's a marginal Tree you might get away with it. Sure. So like if jim said it, it's got to be true probably I believe it That's a manual experience and knowledge that jim is um, quite excellent at grafting. So Not i'm even more nervous than I promise That the whole grafting world watching me and we're taping this all of a sudden I just drift away. Yeah, how about uh Oh, let's see if you guys let's stay with the grafting as much as we can. Okay We're just gonna we're gonna veer off a little bit into general stuff to your time Do you got a recommendation about when's the best time and what's the best method of pruning an apple tree? That's the best time I've always told that when you prune a tree it was when the saw is sharp, but as far as apple trees, I would say that You don't want to do it when the fire blight and so Don't do when it's actively growing like if you're gonna prune it I'd probably prune it now or this fall after it gets kind of miserable tomorrow But the best day is tomorrow tomorrow tomorrow That's but the day after won't work. Well, you have to do before the growth begins Do it now do it now But not the summer best time And the best method for pruning an apple tree Well, you just That's a that's we don't have enough time for all it just open up the tree to get more sunlight and more air into it One thing with that too is um When you whenever you prune a tree, I don't take off more than 25 of what I guess the leaf area is So like a good killer of trees is uh is a man who just got a brand new chain saw and he's gonna prune his tree He might as well just make one cut at the bottom because it's it's done So how about those rabbits are a problem Todd? Can we save a tree that's chewed by rabbits around the whole stem by wrapping it No, if the well if the If the living tissue the flown is damaged underneath it's too late Now if they just chewed a little hole here, there's a good chance that'll fill right in But if it's all the way around and the green tissue is eaten off No, that's right. That tissue desiccates rapidly We're talking minutes.  It doesn't work um How about growing apples as a shrub if you ever thought of that Todd or I I've seen where they've taken and grown apples alongside of a building kind of a almost like an art form um A spillier I can barely say it but um, okay, it's fascinating and um, and I'm assuming it's dwarfing rootstock Maybe not, but I'm assuming it is you have a little maybe every eight feet There's this little apple tree and and horizontal branches and it's right along all on wires Fantastic as far as growing as a shrub. I don't know why you'd want to um, the problem would be is um It'd be a mess damage I wouldn't do that You're gonna keep uh aware of is that the apple trees that you That you plant are grafted And so like if you're just relying on suckers And that's going to be um, that's it's usually a dolgo crab or a super hardy crab that's the rootstock and it's not uh, it's It's a rootstock that will create um Low quality fruit. So you don't want to be reliant apples suckers. You should trim off the suckers at the base You're not going to create quality fruit. What one thing I was going to add quickly too. We have a minute. Yes, we do When let's say you had um a zestar tree or whatever type you like He didn't you save all the seeds from that and you planted them all and you had 300 little apple trees growing None of them are going to come true as a zestar. None of them They've all cross pollinated with something else in order for that to be fertile and they are not going to come true Will they be great? I'd say you have one out 164,000 chances of it actually becoming a tree to keep so if you had that much room Take the chance, but if you don't 164,000 trees, that's so they did any handsome research That's a lot of that's a lot of trees. Yeah, so if you got the room it's a lot of pruning A lot of pruning it's a lot of work How about you or he kind of you ever planted comfrey or rhubarb at the base of an apple tree I haven't but I have put um flowers or strawberries Adam At the base, um, I think that when you put like little flowers or other plants with um with them It's kind of nice. So I haven't ever planted Oh the rhubarb and the comfrey or rhubarb would not add anything to that. Oh, no, no it won't no But I have put plants underneath a tree if I misunderstood No, I don't know what they're after there. I recommend shredded bark mulch. It's nice. Yeah And the lawnmower hits it. It's not as messy How about putting a ziplock sandwich bag over an apple While the apples ripening does that protect it from loss? Etc. No, not a ziplock. It'll get all moldy. You can purchase or Make I guess probably purchase to start. There are um bags for protection for apples. I've seen those It's kind of fun if you got a lot of free time, but um, I I don't know I I wouldn't do it, but um, I have seen where people have purchased a special It's not it's not it's a bag where airflow gets through though.  Otherwise the condensation will leave a rot. Oh, thanks. I didn't realize that Yeah, so yeah, you don't want to but last part of the prom we want to protect the fruit from like apple Meg essentially what we're after but that gets to be a lot of work So if you don't if you need a hobby there you go and you got to put it on when the fruit's like the size of a nickel You got to put it on young Lots a lot of work How soon would you start pruning an apple tree? After planting like after about three years is that a good time to get started? I would look at it the second year the first year when you buy your tree I try to get one well make sure it doesn't have any damage or disease or insects on it looks fairly healthy The first year I like to leave it alone people are always picking and Stabbing their plants first year I leave it alone the second year if there's like a branch that's rubbing or Something really bad gonna happen. I might clip it off and the third year. I'll start to clean it up a bit So yeah, probably the third year but the second year I'll start but the first year No, I don't I don't bother with it at all Uh, Jim wall has another comment from his days of esteem esteem experience He reported jack carter a former agronomist the end issue had more than 100 apple varieties on One tree well in his yard There you go. That's a grafting champion Can you imagine what the pie tastes like? Wow I don't know Jim Jim. I don't know if we're gonna I guess Jim said it's true Whatever he says, we're just gonna assume it's true. That's what we're doing is true. I got something. Did Jim say it? Uh, this isn't from Jim. Okay. This is from a mysterious person from nelson county Oh, all right, you know, I someone would plant garlic underneath their apple tree. No You know maybe for rabbit protection or something but No, of course, you know garlic is um, they like full sun too. So if you're growing it A bit of garlic. You're not gonna do well It's not and it's not gonna be very effective But they're probably it's probably why they're doing it is they're probably trying to repel repel a past kids or something the best repellent of a past is uh Exclusion like a physical barrier chicken wire. There you go Hardware mesh much more effective than garlic. Uh, let's just scroll through any last questions here As far as again as far as graph compatibility the the closer they are within this it's among species the better so Otherwise, even if it does take and long run, it's going to be very weak and likely to fall off And I don't see anything else We're gonna shut it down there. Okay, Todd. Thank you very much for the demonstration and We're so glad we did have to call 911 But you know, I did it so that if I cut it would only take two fingers off It was the whole hand here. So that's right. But you wouldn't give a couple fingers for the spring fee rats I would give two fingers for the spring At least it's not one finger And also maybe lesson If you're interested in drafting, you know Read more about it. Read that publication like now's the time now's the time. This is a timely situation, right? Yeah, and I have a little little quick commercial. Um, April 25th Doing a pollinator workshop. So check my website and get more information on that but April 25th Emphasis on honeybees and flowers that attract pollinators may 30th a little bit late But we do have some apple trees coming that we're going to mess with and they will be ready to graft on may 30th So we'll have a grafting workshop may 30th And for information they can contact you again. Todd Weinman is at Cass county extension office, you know, just type in his Weinman's impossible to spell don't even try it. I gave up years ago But um, or else you give me a call<PHONE_NUMBER> Perfect right there. Okay, that's better because Yeah, that's the way to go. That's just be an email and uh, that's good. Okay. Thank you, Todd Ah, thanks for having me. Sorry about the mess