Hello everyone, another interview. My name is Peter Harrop. As some of you will know, I'm chairman of ID TechX and got the privilege of interviewing here on our stand at the ID TechX show. Gary Hemphill of Company Technique, trying to understand his road governance. Yes. That's interesting. You make a variety of things actually. Can you just lead us in, give us an introduction to the sort of things you do? Okay, so my group is known as the engineered powders division. We make a number of different powders and flakes mostly with the precious silver, silver palladium, palladium, platinum gold, and then we do some hybrid materials like silver coated copper, silver coated glass, other materials for specialty applications. So many of the applications you can see here, PV solar cells, dental, electrical, conductive adhesives of course for this show, conductive inks and paste, go into a multitude of the products that you're seeing at this show here. The antiseptic products would be silver, biocidal, silver. Correct. Yes, very fine. Is it, if it's not confidential, where do you get your most of your income currently? In those, that spectrum of applications. Well, what's the important part of it? Well, so conductive adhesives for diatach would be kind of closest to this show. Principal materials, the new wearables is a potentially big market for our products. Oh, indeed. Yes. You can't have the electrical perform without conductivity. No, absolutely. So the material that's most popular commercially to you at the moment is what? Silver, is it? Well, yeah. Because of the cost, silver is an obvious first choice. Yeah. But also silver has the best connectivity of any material, electrical connectivity anyway. So it's a very good first choice for making conductive materials. And when you wake up in ten years time and all has gone well, what do you think will be particularly then the main focus of your company in terms of application and the most important material? Yeah, I still think silver's going to have a very important place in the marketplace. You know, the sizes and shapes are going to change. We have to adapt to the markets that develop. So we intend to be there for our customers. And how do you embarrass the competition? What is it? What are your unique selling propositions? I think we are very responsive. We do respond to orders in a timely fashion. Does that mean responsive in terms of special requirements? Yes, so special projects basically matching up what the customer needs. In a timely fashion and also when it comes to production, we pride ourselves in keeping our lead time short no matter what product develops. And so we we always try to develop products in such a way that we can scale up and provide the materials when they need them. So mainly in the USA, you do all over the world. Very international, very international company. How many people of ours? So technically, worldwide is almost a thousand people. So we have offices all over the world. We have for our division, we have distributors all over the world. So what what else does technique do? Precious metal plating chemicals. Yes, so that's not micro powders. No, but, you know, somewhat associated with electronics. So the original and still main business of Technic is plating chemicals. There's also plating equipment is available for Technic. All right. So then there's other divisions. We have a division that makes a solder mask for basically PCB industry, but others. And then we have actually for 3D printing, we have a Technic print product that assists in washing away the support polymer when you make a polymer shape. A lot of times the polymer is left there for support until the shape is completely centered. And at that point, you need to get rid of the support material. Not always an easy feat. But the Technic print can remove it four times as fast as the competitive material. Oh, yes. That's a big plus. That's a big plus. I'm intrigued to see jewelry written up there. Well, what does jewelry mean in this context? Well, so the original some people don't know, but Rhode Island, Southern Massachusetts was once a jewelry center for the United States. So Technic was indeed. So originally started to support the jewelry industry in that part of the world, you know, costume jewelry, but also other specialty niche jewelry. And we're very interested in medical and health care, as you know, here. And nutraceuticals being 3D printed and glory knows what. Yes. Where do you come into that word medical up there? What's that related to at the moment in your company? Generally, so mostly for us, that's antiseptic applications. That's the silver by side. Right. So we do provide particulates that are incorporated into certain systems that allow you know, body contact to be extended. Yes, a lot of plastics, for instance, can't be left on or in the body for more than a few days when you incorporate silver. Yeah, that time frame extends up to six months in some of these products. Oh, indeed. Indeed. Yes. Yeah, yeah. Not nice to think about. So it gives you great stability to have your product sold over a very wide range of industries that gives some good stability. What question should I have asked? What am I missed out? I don't know. I think we've covered about everything covered at all. So that's good. I would will ask about this pretty thing. What is this telling? This is just our so this is just our name spelled out with some elements that happened to spell technique. OK, thank you so much. Well, thank you for one full interview. One full company. All right. Good luck. Thanks.


These days we're all talking about viruses. The coronavirus has changed our lives in so many ways. But what exactly is a virus and what can we do about it? Viruses cause many kinds of illness. Common colds, coughs and sneezes are often caused by viruses so it is very likely that you have had one at some time. There are viruses that affect plants, bacteria and animals. The first virus ever discovered in 1892 infected tobacco plants. Bacteria phages are viruses that only attack bacteria and some viruses cross from one animal to another like the coronavirus that probably started in bats. Viruses are tiny, really really tiny. They're too small to see even with a microscope. A human cell is pretty small, you can't see it with the naked eye but you can fit tens of thousands of viruses in a single human cell. Viruses are made of genetic material inside a protein shell. They multiply by putting their genes into the cells of another organism. Some viruses like the coronavirus have an envelope of fat.  The spikes on a virus are proteins. The spikes stick to proteins on the cells of other organisms like you. After attaching the virus passes its genes into the cell. The cell is turned into a sort of zombie. The zombie cells are forced to make new viruses instead of doing their proper job. Eventually there are so many virus particles in the cell it bursts and the virus spreads through the bloodstream. Viruses are quite simple. The coronavirus for example only has about 30 genes compared to 20,000 in a person but because of the damage they do to our cells and the speed they multiply viruses cause many diseases from flu to measles and now COVID-19 the disease caused by the new coronavirus. To study viruses scientists need to grow them but that's not easy because viruses need the cells of another organism to multiply. Remember the zombie cells that make new viruses? That means that viruses usually have to be grown in animals if we want to make vaccines. Fertilized chicken eggs are one of the main ways we can safely grow viruses. To understand how a new virus works we often have to study it in a fully grown animal. The mouse is the animal that is most often used to study viruses including the coronavirus. Animal studies have helped us find vaccines for many viruses. The first polio vaccine was available in 1955, smallpox was eradicated by vaccination in 1979 and a vaccine for Ebola virus was developed in 2019. Thanks to a huge international effort and careful animal research we have every reason to hope that a vaccine for coronavirus will come along soon. To find out more about the fight against disease and how scientists use animals visit our website at www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk


What's up everyone, takedown here, welcome back to another video. This past weekend was Comic-Con here in Ottawa and it was the first time that both me and Ashley have gotten the chance to go because usually we're working. Now normally you guys seen in the past we've been to Geeked Out twice and that's a semi-annual event, happens twice a year and it's actually coming up very soon and we love going to that. But going to Comic-Con, we were very leery because we knew it was gonna be much larger scale than what we're used to but a lot of it wasn't really of interest to us or at least a good portion of it but we still went and picked up a lot of goodies for our personal collection and we'll be showing that today and then we have some other things to show you guys as well. So let's go and take a look. First up we have two comics that I picked up actually at the first booth. This is issue number one and issue number three of the Infinity Gauntlets. Issue number one they had $50 on it, number three had $10 on it, I offered $50 for both. So pretty much I paid $40 for issue one and $10 for issue three which is about what they're worth but finally I have completed one of these sets. These are the only two I was missing to complete the six part sets and the first issue here, the comic alone, the cover just looks amazing which is what drew me to it but I love the story and I knew I wanted to complete the sets and this is one of the keys I've been looking for for a while and to find it not only at Comic-Con but at the first booth was amazing. We also picked up some Funko's. So first one here is what Ashley picked up, Lilo and Stitch. This is Skeleton Stitch. So this one here is an exclusive one, him and his Skeleton costume, pretty cool. Ashley loves everything Halloween so that is cool. It's Halloween and Stitch together. The next one here is another exclusive one which is Stitch with the plunger on his head which is pretty cool. Both of these ones were $25 each which is a fair price for them. Next up we do have this Winnie the Pooh. This is the Flocked Hot Topic exclusive which I think is the Valentine's Day edition because it's the pink one and as you can see it was $25 as well. And then for my personal collection I got Stone Cold Steve Austin. This is him with the championship belt. You can barely see it there. But this one I've been missing and this one was $25 as well. Normally I've been seeing these for around $30 so I did get $25 for it which was awesome.  So these are $80 each at Comic Con which is a hefty price. So for all four was $320. Ashley picked out two, she picked out a Stitch one. Scooby Doo, I picked out Jurassic Park which is the 30th anniversary and together we picked out the Breaking Bad and then they did have a promo at the time which was if you buy four you get a free box. So we selected the superhero box as well and I'm going to be opening up this in a minute. But these four boxes here they are fairly large and some of them this one here has some weight to it. But these ones are going to do four separate videos for opening up and seeing what is inside each one. So get ready for that in the future. But now I'm going to open up this one for this video because this was kind of the bonus one we weren't really looking for but they did offer it for free. So let's see what we have inside. So we do have a green lantern fidget spinner. We do have a Fantastic Four sticker. Looks like cards or note fridge magnets of Batman vs Superman. Do have a poster or two mini posters inside for Gotham. Do have what looks like maybe a Harley Quinn bow. They only looks like the only thing that's going to be Marvel the externals like lanyard with it looks like a sticker yet exclusive sticker inside. Do have these limited one of 500 Batman vs Superman figures. So it's him with the armor Batman Wonder Woman and Superman. That's actually pretty cool. I don't know if that's something to keep or even display but it's pretty cool figures. And then we do have looks like a Wonder Woman notebook. Yep. So that's pretty cool. It was a lot more DC than I like as you guys know I'm more into Marvel but that was still pretty cool to have that included and we still bought the four that were interesting to us but for $80 each hopefully the value is inside because as you guys know from mystery boxes especially ones we've opened sometimes the value isn't there but I'll open up these each separately in videos in the future but this is what we got at Comic Con in Ottawa and I must say compared to the geeked out events that we usually go to a little bit less than we usually get but we spent about the same amounts whenever you consider the mystery boxes over there were $80 each that's $320 and usually a geeked out we spent on average $400 for our collection but it doesn't look like we got away with too much for what we paid for a lot of it. Whenever you consider the price tag of the mystery boxes that's what put us way over but have some cool comics added to the collection add some Funkos to our collection and finally I got a WWE one which I've been looking to see certain ones. I did see other ones as well but this is what we picked up for our collection. Now in my opinion comparing Ottawa Comic Con versus the geeked out events that we're used to I think we're gonna stay going to geeked out because the price difference for getting in for geeked out it's free parking and $5 each to enter. Comic Con the day we went it was $10 parking and $40 to enter there's other days that were more expensive each to enter but $40 each to enter that's $80 plus $10 parking that's $90 to get in compared to $10 for geeked out so a huge difference there for just entering in and then looking at different booths one of the booths there was issue 400 of Amazing Spider-Man they had $15 on it I was debating on it but I put it down and going to another booth it was double the price it was $30 I also seen there is a Simpson Funko Pop at a different booth that was $110 and went to the next booth it was $170 I did find another Funko that I was debating on buying and that was the Paul Heyman ECW Funko it was price tagged at $40 whenever I looked it up at Ebay Soulcomps it's around $20 so a lot of the prices are all over the board and some of them people are have the price tag way higher than what it's valued at so that alone deters me from going back to Comic-Con in the future and at geeked out most of the vendors price around the same for the different Funkos so if it's valued around $25 you might have somebody that has it between $20 to $30 depending on different vendors but usually it's around that price range nothing double the price of what something's valued at so it's probably going to deter us from going back to Comic-Con especially the heavy price to get in and geeked out every single booth is something that's interesting to us we love going to every booth whereas Comic-Con we're not really into anime there was a lot of anime booths a lot of Star Wars booths a lot of crafts and a lot of that we're just not into so about half of Comic-Con is enjoyable for us the other half we just didn't really care about so I think in the future we're just going to stick with geeked out but hope you guys enjoyed today's video looking at the pickups we got from Comic-Con and the mystery boxes will be done in separate videos in the future I'll see you guys in the next one please take care peace


What's up everybody jcm for jazby's case race calm 2021 tops diamond icons baseball sells out With this R&B for Pikachu number 37 his random number block includes a good amount of teams guys Dodgers Mets Cardinals White Sox Cubs Athletics Giants Rangers Indians Brewers Twins and Rockies again guys You get a piece of all these teams for a fraction of the price remember these teams would not be part of the hitless promo But good luck to everybody in this one again We go by the first number on the left side of the serial number dash you get around a number from zero through nine So here you go. Here's the dice roller. Here's the customer names Harry all the way down to Martin and then zero one two three four five six seventy nine roll Two and a one three times one two three Boom Martin down to Martin three times one two three seven down to one Every time of the odds right So you're blaming me cuz I went on early and you were breaking with me early But then you decided to stay up to a foreign one your time break into more with Sean You just got foul cheap, bro Martin with seven nine four two eight Martin with three and Harry look at that getting any in our dentures for these teams Martin with six five and of course any one-on-ones for you Martin You'll get all those there and really appreciate you guys. So coming up next is the break itself


In the previous lecture, we were discussing about DVA spectrum and we had seen that the response spectrum can be plotted in a tripotide plot and can be idealized as a series of straight lines representing all the three spectrums that is the displacement, velocity and acceleration spectrums. We continue with this response spectrum for different earthquakes that were recorded all over the world. For them, the response spectrums were obtained and plotted in a tripotide plot and similar exercise was done to represent it by a series of straight lines and it was seen that the most of the earthquakes represented the same kind of pattern, only difference was between the values of TA, TB, TC, TD, TE and TF that were obtained and they were different for different earthquakes. So, this observation led to a general shape of the response spectrum for earthquake and therefore, that shape was utilized for constructing what is known as the design response spectrum. The design response spectrum obviously is the response spectrum that using which we design all the structure for future earthquake. Now, an exercise was carried out to show that the different earthquake records provide the same kind of idealized response spectrum on a tripotide plot. For Parkfield earthquake and for Elson to earthquake, these exercise were carried out and one can see that the idealized response spectrum for the two earthquake, this is the Elson to earthquake and this was the Parkfield earthquake. When they were idealized with the help of straight line, they nearly had the same kind of feature and only thing that differed was the TA T values, T values are different points and these T values were compared in this table. For the Parkfield earthquake and for the Elson to earthquake, one can see that TA value that basically was obtained for Parkfield and for the Elcentro, it was 0.03 and this was 0.041, for Parkfield it was 0.134 that is TB and it was 0.125 for Elcentro, for TC it was 0.436 and 0.349 for the Elcentro and 4.12 was for TD for Parkfield and for Elcentro it was 3.135, TC, TE and TF they were more or less the same for the two earthquakes especially the TF. So, thus these two earthquake records revealed that there could be difference between the values of TA, TB, TC, TD, TETF but the nature of the response spectrum can be approximated by a series of straight lines having the characteristics that we discussed before. Now let us come to the design response spectrum. The design response spectrum is the response spectrum which is used for designing all the structures for future earthquakes which are not known. Therefore, it is a difficult task, what generally is done for obtaining the quantities for future earthquake is that we try to see the trend of the parameter that we are looking for of that parameter in the previous earthquakes. So, therefore, once we were convinced from the results of the different response spectrums drawn on the tipotide plot that the shape of the response spectrum can be idealized by a series of straight lines between TA, TB, TC, TD, TE etc. We said that the future earthquake also will show up similar kind of trend and therefore, design response spectrum was developed on that basis. However, the design response spectrum should satisfy some other requirements for example, the spectrum should be as smooth as possible and therefore, the idealizing the response spectrum by a series of straight line is quite rational. If the response spectrum or the design response spectrum is not smooth enough and it changes rapidly with time period, then there could be a sudden change in the value of spectral acceleration for a small difference of time period. Now, it is quite expected that the time period of a structure in reality could be different than the time period that we theoretically calculate. Therefore, if there is a large change in the spectral value or the spectral acceleration for a small change in time period, then there could be a lot of difference between the theoretical spectral acceleration that is considered in the design and the actual spectral acceleration that the structure experiences at the time of earthquake. So, in order to eliminate that the design response spectrum were considered to be as smooth as possible. Then design spectrum should be representative of spectra of past ground motions that we explained before. Next two response spectra should be considered to cater to variations and design philosophy. Now, the design philosophy of the earthquake resistant design is that we design the structure for a design response spectrum and see that that structure can survive in the extreme earthquake condition. That is there will not be a complete collapse of that structure in the severe earthquake, it can have a huge amount of damage. So, this is the current design philosophy and therefore, we have to have two level response spectrum. One is the design response spectrum other is the extreme response spectrum. And next is that the response spectrum should be normalized with respect to peak ground acceleration because if you are wanting to provide or prescribe a design response spectrum that should be prescribed in the form of the shape. But the actual response spectrum would be obtained after we multiply that shape with the peak ground acceleration which may differ from place to place. Next let us see how we can construct a design spectrum. So, for that we follow certain steps. First the expected peak ground acceleration values for design and maximum probable earthquakes are derived for the region. Then peak values of ground velocity and displacements are obtained using these empirical relationship that is if anyone of the quantities generate the ground acceleration, maximum ground acceleration if it is given then with the help of that one can find out the peak ground displacement and peak ground velocity using these values of this constant C and C 1 and C 2 has this. So, once we have the specified values of the maximum ground acceleration and from that once we have obtained the maximum ground displacement and maximum ground velocity then in a tripartite plot we can have a baseline plot in the 4 way log paper. That means that baseline plot will simply draw or show the peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and peak ground displacement. Then as we discussed before obtain the value obtain the b c d and c d segments using these multipliers that is the maximum ground acceleration is multiplied by alpha a then maximum ground displacement is multiplied by alpha d and maximum ground velocity is multiplied by alpha v. These alpha a alpha d and alpha v they are available for different soil condition and also for the design earthquake level and the extreme earthquake level in various literature and they are obtained from the past earthquake records. Since C and D points are fixed the T c is known and once T c is known then with respect to T c other values T a, T b, T d, T e, T f etcetera can be obtained from the again the experience that people had from the previous earthquake records. Now generally this empirical relationship is used in obtaining the values of T b, T a, T e etcetera for example they are all defined in terms of T c and T e and T f it has been seen that T f is generally in the ranges in this range that is 30 to 35 second and T e generally ranges between 10 to 15 second. So now let us look at how we can obtain using the steps the response spectrum in a tripartite plot. This is the base line, base line means the ground maximum ground acceleration that is plotted over here and it is parallel to the S D axis and we measure the acceleration along this line. Then this is the maximum ground displacement line which is parallel to acceleration line and the ground displacement S D not ground displacement S D is measured along this line. So this is the line showing the maximum ground displacement this is a line showing the ground maximum acceleration and obviously this is the line which shows the maximum ground velocity. So this is the base line that we obtain. Then as we have described before this segment that is from C to B between B to C this segment basically is parallel to this line as we discussed before and that is equal to alpha A times the ground acceleration. So therefore, we draw a line this line parallel to this line and by this value being equal to alpha A multiplied by u double dot x g. Similarly, this line is parallel to this line and this is equal to alpha D times the maximum ground displacement and this line is parallel to this line and this value is equal to alpha V times the maximum ground velocity. So once we have these lines plotted then one can join these lines to get the idealized response spectrum described with the help of a series of straight lines. Now if we wish to plot the spectral acceleration versus time period in a ordinary paper that means they are not log scale but ordinary scale and normalize with respect to the gravity that is g that S A by g plot can be shown to be of this type that means this shape has emerged from the shape of the response spectrum that was observed in a tripotide plot. So in almost all codes we find the spectral acceleration plot versus time is of this particular shape. Now a design spectrum can be obtained for 50th percentile at 84.1 percentile in a tripotide plot. 50th percentile means the design spectrum and 84.1 percentile that is the mean value plus one standard deviation that gives say 84.1 percentile and that is taken as the response spectrum for the extreme earthquake. So we can have these two earthquakes and for these earthquakes one can construct a design spectrum given the following quantities. For example the T A was given as 1 by 33 second, T B was 1 by 8 second, T E was 10 second and T F was 33 seconds and the alpha A alpha D and alpha V values that this multiplying factors they can be taken from a standard textbooks on earthquake engineering. For example in this case alpha A was 2.17, alpha V was 1.65 and alpha D was 1.39 against the these values in the bracket they denote for the 84.1 percentile and these one for the 50th percentile and the damping was considered 5 percent. So what we did is that this ground acceleration, peak ground acceleration was given and with the help of that we obtained the peak ground velocity and peak ground displacement using the empirical relationship that we have shown before. And then we plotted the two spectrum this was the base line that is showing the peak ground velocity, peak ground acceleration and peak ground displacement and then multiplying by alpha A, alpha D, alpha V values we obtained these segments of the straight line and joined and obtained the response spectrum in a tripartite plot and the T A, T B, T C, T D, T E values were specified. Therefore, once we have of the T A, T B, T C, T D, T E values specified and alpha A and alpha V and alpha D values are given then one can construct a design spectrum. Generally, if the T C value may be given and from the T C value one can obtain the other values that is T A, T B, etc. using the approximate values that was given by this relationship. Once you know this relationship approximate relationship one can obtain the values of T B and T A, T E and T F generally lie in this range. We can we have discussed how one can obtain a design response spectrum using that idealized segmented or idealized series of straight lines and plotted in a tripartite plot. Now, we come to the different levels of earthquake that is described in the earthquake literature. Design earthquake that generally specify certain value of peak ground acceleration and from that peak ground acceleration one can also estimate the expected peak ground acceleration for the extreme earthquake. Now, in the literature we get different terminologies for the design earthquake. For example, one is M C E that is maximum credible earthquake. There is a largest earthquake that we expect from a source then S S E that is safely shut down earthquake that is used in a nuclear power plant design. Other terms which denotes similar levels are credible safety level maximum etc. and they denote the upper limits for the two level concept that means they denote the earthquake PGA values for the extreme condition. The lower level that is the design PGA value is called OBE that is the ordinary base earthquake and other terminologies which are used or the similar terminologies which are used for ordinary base earthquake is operating level probable design and strength level earthquakes. And generally the OBE that is the design usual design earthquake that is the OBE that is the ordinary base earthquake is approximately equal to half of the safe shut down earthquake used in the nuclear power plant design. Next we come to the site specific spectra. The site specific spectra is called a site dependent response spectrum and they are used for designing specialty structures for a particular place and that particular place may have certain characteristics in terms of geology and geography that is the design response spectrum that we talk of that design response spectrum may not be valid for that particular site because of the geological and geographical conditions of the site. Now for that what we do is that we collect as many number of earthquake data possible for that particular site that is in and around that site. Sometimes if the collected data is not sufficient then we augment the earthquake data by collecting the data for similar geographical and geological regions. Once we have collected enough number of earthquake records in and around that site after augmentation then we scale the earthquake records and also modify it for the soil condition. Now the scaling is necessary because different earthquake records that have been collected they may be valid for certain epicentral distances, certain peak ground acceleration or certain magnitude of earthquake. Whereas the site specific spectrum that may have to be constructed for a given epicentral distance, for a given magnitude of earthquake and for a given soil condition. Therefore, all the earthquake records that have been collected they must be properly scaled so that it reflects the epicentral distance and the magnitude or the peak ground acceleration for which the site specific spectrum have to be constructed. And also the site specific spectrum should be compatible with the soil condition. And when most of the cases the records that have been collected these records are collected on certain particular sites whose soil conditions may not be same as the soil condition that is existing for the site. Therefore, certain techniques are used for scaling and after the scaling we obtain the required response spectrum or site specific spectrum. The scaling depends upon the data that are available. In fact, if the data are given in the form of the time history records then these time history records are furious synthesized and then the frequency contents of the ground motion of the each record they are normalized to provide a common base or common magnitude of earthquake for which the site specific spectrum is to be constructed. Also it is normalized so that epicentral distance of the particular site for which you are constructing the site specific spectrum that epicentral distance is also reflected in the scaling process. After the response or the earthquake records have been scaled properly then and modified for the local soil condition then a response spectrum corresponding to each one of those modified records of the ground motions are considered for obtaining the response spectrum from each one of them. And these response spectrums are then averaged and smoothed in order to obtain the site specific spectrum. The effect of appropriate soil condition generally is incorporated by deconvolution and convolution as shown in this figure. In most of the cases the ground records that are available they may be on the surface of a particular ground and that ground may be having a particular soil property. And the soil property that is existing for the site is say different that is at point t say for example, we are interested in obtaining the site specific spectrum and say at point a we have the some ground record that is available. Then in order to get the appropriate soil condition in the site specific spectrum we do a deconvolution that is from the ground recorded ground motion at station A we obtain the ground motion at the bedrock by a deconvolution process. And once we get the bedrock motion and then we assume that the bedrock motion that is available at point D that will be same as that which is available at point B. And assuming these two ground bedrock motions to be same then we do a forward wave propagation problem or carry out a forward propagation problem at point D to point T and consider the appropriate soil condition while performing these convolution technique. Now this is explained with the help of a particular problem here in place of the ground time history records we consider that there is a site over here and there are three stations where basically the data have been collected and at these three stations the epicentral distance is given and the shear wave velocities are given. These shear wave velocities and epicentral distances are different for the three stations. The shear wave velocity which is given basically indicates the soil condition for the particular station. Now in place of the ground history or time history of ground motion for these stations it is given in the form of the power spectral density function of the ground motion or power spectral density function of the ground acceleration for these three stations. With the help of that information and the particular attenuation law that is valid for the region we perform the calculations in order to obtain the site specific spectrum at this particular site and in the in that process we will see how we can do the scaling for the magnitude of the ground acceleration and also do the scaling for the epicentral distance. And finally, consider the appropriate soil condition that is existing at the site. The basis of the problem will be much more clear when we will cover the spectral analysis technique for solving a structures response to random ground motion. But for the time being the problem is explained with the help of the some accepted formula in order to show you how the scaling is done. Now for the site one the power spectral density function of the ground acceleration is given by this for site two the this is the power spectral density function of the ground acceleration which is shown and this is for the site three the power spectral density function which is given. Now these power spectral density functions are available for the surface of the ground and as I told you if we have the information available on the surface of the ground then many a time we have to do a deconvolution technique to obtain the corresponding quantity at the rock bed level. And then only we take that particular rock bed level information and we assume that the same condition exist at the rock bed of the particular site. So, what we do we first convert this power spectral density function which is given at the surface at each site to the corresponding power spectral density function which will exist at the rock bed level just below site one site two and site three. And for that we use these particular formula which will be discussed in the in chapter four where we will be discussing the response analysis of structures for random ground motion. And there we will show that the if the power spectral density function is given for a particular system then and if it is an input to that particular system then output power spectral density function can be obtained by multiplying the given power spectral density function with the transfer function square of the system. So, here the power spectral density function at the surface that basically is obtained as a function of the product of power spectral density function at the rock bed multiplied by the transfer function square that is a forward problem or in other words forward wave propagation problem that is from the rock bed we are going to the surface. Now, if this equation holds good then from this equation we can work back what is the power spectral density function at the rock bed that will be equal to power spectral density function at the surface divided by the transfer function square. And the transfer function square is given in terms of the depth of the soil and the shear wave velocity and the damping of the system and this is obtained for a different frequencies. Now, using these transfer function square for the specified values of the V s for the three sides for the three sides we have seen that we have different shear wave velocities and the soil layer depth is given as 20 meter xi is taken as 5 percent. And then for each omega value we calculated the values of transfer function square and we divided the surface power spectral density function of acceleration by the transfer function square that gave us the power spectral density function of the ground acceleration at the rock bed level just below site one. Similarly, the value of the power spectral density function at the rock bed level for site two is given over here and the power spectral density function of the ground acceleration at the rock bed level at site three is shown over here. So, once we got this power spectral density function then there are certain method to calculate the peak ground acceleration for the site at the rock bed level from the rock bed power spectral density function. Similarly, for the site two we can find out the peak ground acceleration at the rock bed level from the power spectral density function of the ground acceleration that we have obtained at the rock bed level. And for site three also we did the same kind of calculation in order to obtain the peak ground acceleration at the rock bed level from the power spectral density function that is obtained for the site three. Now, once we know the peak ground accelerations for the three sites at the rock bed level and we use their epicentral distance then using the epicentral distance and the peak ground acceleration one can calculate the magnitudes of earthquake for which these power spectral density functions were obtained for the sites one two and three at the surface level. So, these magnitudes of the three sites for which the ground motion or the ground motion power spectral density functions were available are now calculated that is m 1 is equal to 6.2 m 2 was found to be 5.8 and m 3 was found to be 7.3. So, these magnitudes were obtained by using a attenuation relationship given by Toro and if you recall most of the attenuation relationship they provide a peak ground acceleration as a function of the magnitude of earthquake and epicentral distance. Therefore, if peak ground acceleration is given and epicentral distance is given then from that formula one can find out the magnitudes of the earthquake. Now, it is specified that the for the site the site specific spectrum should correspond to a magnitude of earthquake which is equal to 7. Therefore, all the power spectral density functions which were obtained at the rock bed level for site one site two and site three must be scaled for the magnitude of earthquake that is these magnitude levels should be brought to the level of 7. So, for that what is done is again we go back to the attenuation relationship and in that relationship we put the value of the magnitude at 7 and epicentral distance as the epicentral distance of the site which is specified. So, once we provide these two information from there we get the peak ground acceleration which should exist at the rock bed level and for the site for which we are wanting to have the site specific spectrum. So, once we know that peak ground acceleration of the site then one can obtain the scaled power spectral density function at the rock bed level is equal to the peak ground acceleration square of the site and the peak ground acceleration square of the different locations that is location one two and three for which we obtained the magnitudes of earthquakes at m 1 m 2 m 3 for those locations the peak ground accelerations have already been calculated before. So, we know those peak ground acceleration. So, we modify the PSDFs of the ground acceleration at the rock bed level of the three locations in this particular way this is the unmodified that is the peak the power spectral density function of the ground acceleration at any particular location say location one at the rock bed level and that is now multiplied by p g a square s that is p g a that we obtain for the site for which you are wanting to draw the site specific spectrum and peak ground acceleration for that particular location. Similarly, for location two and three we can get a power spectral density function modified power spectral density function which will be valid for that particular site in question at the rock bed level. Thus we will get three scaled power spectral density function at the rock bed level of the site in question for which we are going to obtain the site specific spectrum. So, this scaling takes care of the scaling of magnitude or the peak ground acceleration also take care of the scaling of the epicentral distance. So, after we have done that then we consider the soil condition and for the particular site in question. So, the power spectral density function which we have obtained at the particular site coming from location one that we call as p s D F 1 and if we multiply that by the transfer function square then this will provide us a power spectral density function at the surface level. So, this is the power spectral density function that we have obtained at the rock bed level coming from location one after scaling and this will be the power spectral density function at the surface of the ground that is at the site itself. So, that way one can obtain the power spectral density function and for coming from location 2 to the site and similarly one can construct p s D F 3 that will be coming from the location 3 which will be considering and for obtaining the site specific spectrum here. Now, once we get these 3 power spectral density functions at the site then we generate the time histories of the ground motion or synthetically generate the time history of ground motion from the given power spectral density function and there are techniques for the for obtaining the synthetic ground motion or generate synthetic ground motion for a given power spectral density function. So, utilizing that one can obtain the power spectral or that obtain the time histories of the ground motion for the 3 p s D F or in other words we get 3 time histories of ground motions from these 3 time histories of ground motion we obtain the response spectrum 3 response spectrums and these 3 response spectrums are average and smoothened in order to obtain the final response spectrum which is the site specific spectrum and which is shown here in the last figure. So, this last figure shows the site specific spectrum which is an average and smooth spectrum coming from the 3 earthquake records that have been synthetically generated. So, the procedure that we adopt depends upon the given quantity that we have and if the given quantity is a quantity which is only the time histories then these time histories are to be scaled for the peak ground acceleration or magnitude of earthquake and a central distance through Fourier series analysis. If it is given in terms of the power spectral density function then the procedure that I have mentioned that can be obtained in order to get the site specific spectrum. Next we come to uniform hazard spectrum the uniform hazard spectrum is also used in many cases when we are calculating the hazard analysis that is seismic risk analysis of structures at a particular site and that may require the construction of a uniform hazard spectrum. Statistical analysis of available spectrum is performed to find distribution of peak ground acceleration and spectral ordinate at each period in order to obtain the uniform hazard spectrum. So, what is done is that if we have a number of the response spectrums which are available at a particular region then what we do is that the peak ground accelerations which we get from each one of these response spectrums these peak ground accelerations are taken and a pdf and cdf that is cumulative distribution function and the probability density function of the peak ground acceleration is obtained from the given data. Similarly for a particular ordinate of the response spectrum at a given time period that is taken as a random variable and if we have got say 50 response spectrums available for the site then we get for a particular time period 50 values of the ordinate of the response spectrum. So, we construct again a power spectrum probability density function and the cdf for that particular ordinate of the spectrum at a particular time period. The same thing can be done for all the time periods and we can have a distribution curve for a number of time periods and a pdf ground acceleration and once we get these probability density functions or the cdf cumulative distribution function then from these distributions the values of the spectral ordinates which specified probability of accidents are used to construct the uniform hazard spectrum. Alternatively one can obtain a seismic hazard analysis which can be carried out for spectral ordinates. We have explained the calculation of the seismic hazard curve for the peak ground acceleration. So, the same concept can be extended for the spectral ordinates at each time period for a given value of jai and once we have these hazard curve for the spectral ordinate at a particular time period then from that hazard curve again one can get the spectral ordinate corresponding to a certain probability of accidents and with the help of that data one can construct the uniform hazard spectrum. Next we come to the synthetic accelerograms. For many cases one may have to obtain response spectrum or power spectral density function which are compatible with the time history records or for a given response spectrum or a given power spectral density function one may have to calculate synthetically a compatible time history record. So, these time history records which are generated from the response spectrum or given response spectrum or given power spectral density function. These time history records if they are used for constructing back the response spectrum or power spectral density function they will be same as the ones from which they were generated. And these compatible time history records are many a time required for performing non-linear analysis of structures for a specified response spectrum or a specified power spectral density function. And as all of you know that the response spectrum method of analysis and power spectral density function method of analysis they are valid for the linear case. Therefore, if one has to perform in non-linear analysis then one has to obtain the compatible time history records. Now response spectrum compatible ground motion is generated by iteration to match a specified spectrum say its first is starts with the generation of a set of Gaussian random numbers and a set of iterations are performed. And these iterations are performed in such a way that at every iteration the calculated response spectrum is matched with the target response spectrum. Now in the case of the power spectral density function we obtain the compatible time history of ground motion by using equation 2.39 which is nothing but the concept that we have explained for the case of the Fourier series. And you can see here the any arbitrary function t can be written in the form of a Fourier series only difference over here is the values of phi i that is added now and a i that is to be obtained. So, a i basically can be obtained from the relationship that exists between C n and the ordinate of the power spectral density function multiplied by d omega. If you recall we obtain the power spectral density function from the Fourier spectrum in one particular problem and there we have just seen that how C n is related to s into d omega. So, once we know the ordinate of the power spectral density function then one can find out the value of C n and that C n is nothing but the a i values. The phi i values are some random phase angles which is uniformly distributed between 0 to 2 pi and we have got now many standard programs which can perform this that is they can generate the random spectral which is uniformly distributed between 0 to 2 pi. So, utilizing that one can generate a time history of ground acceleration or ground motion for a given power spectral density function. Many standard programs are these available or these days available in order to obtain the time history of ground motion which are compatible with the power spectral density function or a given response spectrum. Generation of the partially correlated ground motion at a number of points having the same PSDA we somewhat involved and however the methodology is given in the references of the book.


What's everybody this Jeff I got for us here helping them out. Thank you for us. We got tops chrome black for Jeremy right now Let's get it, baby. That's the luck Jeremy Oh, it's all right, it says Kenneth up there, but this is gonna be actually for Jeremy Just forgot to change the title right up there, but yeah, so this will be for you. Sorry, Jeremy. Staying by Thank you for being patient for him. All right Let's just box and hit nothing, but Bang Bang Bang Good luck, dude Let me know what your luck No, I said, thank you for this of course you thought him I'd be lost Good luck to the four cars take a look here Shay Langleers Michael Harris nice there little Michael Harris and I told you the show has come in did I call it? Yeah He called it. I kind of did right show time to 75 I Want to sleep show time. I won't kiss him, but you know Yeah, that's a nice start Michael Harris What do we have back here? Good luck. I think it's gonna be a rookie. There's variation to rookie coming in hot whoop Miguel Vargas from the Dodgers were Dodger fans and we hit the Bargass Nice little box there Jeremy get this sent out. Thank you friend appreciate you


Hello and welcome to this edition of Fault Lines. I have with me Ambassador Bhadrakumar and we'll be discussing something which both here in India as well as most other places in the world seems to take a distant second place and that's really the continent of Africa. Now Africa is of course a growing continent both in terms of population, its natural resources and the political weight it carries or should carry but somehow it is always something which doesn't figure in the news unless it is bad news. Hurricane, some earthquake, some natural calamity, some other unfortunate happenings then only we get Africa in the news. You know coming back to the topic of Africa that's really a topic today. So we'll focus though of course not that the north of Africa is in much better conditions either in terms of wars and other disturbances that are taking place Libya being one of the key ones where Gaddafi was assassinated, ousted and of course what happens in Ethiopia, what's happening in Ethiopia, Somalia etc. Leaving that part out let's concentrate today on sub-Saharan Africa where a lot of the instability that we now see is getting much more visible. We have African Francophone Africa in turmoil we have also Congo we have Rwanda forces playing a role in Congo insurgency. So all these issues are there so in the midst of this we have of course Kamla Harris's visit to Africa and we also had second summit for democracy which is the American attempt to play this as liberal versus authoritarianism, liberalism versus authoritarianism as the only two currents in the world. So how do you know you have a much better view of all this and you've been a student of all of this if not a teacher of all of this for a long time. How do you see Africa today? How do you see its role in international politics particularly with the kind of hegemonic role that West has tried to play for a long time? How do you see Africa reacting or proactive on this? You see I see it from I see three dimensions there. Number one the most important thing is that is if all good politics is about economics and the creation of wealth of nations then let's start from that point. It's a very rich continent in terms of its resources it will be scrapped at the top you know this hidden below this vast resources in the continent. Secondly in the recent years we've seen the growth rate appreciably increasing so there is a kind of a dynamism which is evident there and therefore you know you know the growth rate can really pick up well and there can be a phenomenal transformation in a conceivable period of time in a generation or two there. In other words it's no longer the basket case or the dark continent as it was thought to be earlier. It's portrayed to be thought to be earlier by in the perceptions of the international community that is number one. Number two ensuing from this there is a there is an acute struggle between amongst the big powers and also among the not so big powers the second tier nations Turkey Saudi Arabia Iran and so on even India to some extent. Now this has different ramifications that is one is that the Africans are getting most important from the western point of view they're getting more space to negotiate with the west because there is there is a there is a counterpoint available for them to go to and we've seen it in a number of countries China is playing as a counterpoint. They find it very comfortable also doing that because the point is here is a couple of countries at least and Iran also countries at least which are not dictating terms prescribing anything. They can in other words their internal processes are completely sequestered from the business that is being transacted which is a very comfortable thing for the African elites because all the time the what they have experienced is a kind of a bullying mixed with blackmail that unless they did things in a certain way there will be a there might be a price to pay and the history shows that the west made it a point to you know to to ram it down in the consciousness of the African elites. The second part is this that therefore first ever stopped you know the they are able to negotiate better so putting it differently that sort of old new colonial exploitation is not or rather it is bringing diminishing returns and ultimately if this trend continues China may be a big beneficiary Russia may be a big beneficiary because the kind of image that these two powers have west cannot match because of the history of the national liberation movements there and the colonial alliance and the complete exploitation they had no such history of exploiting exploitation they were not colonial powers and the Africans they've never seen them that way so there is a certain you may call it what Joseph and I would call the soft power is also working in favor of working against the west there then you know there is a lately now there is an added dimension to it because I assess that the outcome of the Ukraine war and all that has happening now in the recent years and a new world order of multiplicity that is taking shape which is very evidently taking shape it's only the timeline that is under discussion now it is inevitable that process there the unlike in the Cold War era the non-aligned movement didn't carry that much weight it had a kind of an influence and an image and all that but the Americans never really took it seriously Russians did but today this majority of countries which have refused to tow the western line in Ukraine and have of course they are leading to voting in a certain way when a resolution comes in the United Nations General Assembly that's a different matter because you know they're all extremely vulnerable still that threshold has not been reached for them to what you're saying is that in the sanctions not a single African country has joined the sanctions yes and therefore you know not only not only on the sanctions the whole perception in the global south is that what is happening today is of momentous consequence also for them that big or small all countries will have a say in the global governance and no country can prescribe your way of life you can pursue your own developmental strategies you see these are things which have searched to the top today in the rhetoric that you hear from Russia and China now this has a very big resonance in the African continent surely so how does it translate geopolitically numbers count and now these countries if they take this line already despite all the bravado the western narrative is lost as a result of it you know it is turned out to be west versus the non-west you know west versus the rest the rest so you see something has to be done like in the north you people will say kuch karna hai you know that is that is this effort of this democracy summit as I see it will it work I doubt if it will work the first one didn't the first one didn't have any residence yeah it will not work because the there is a wrong notion that the Africans can be taken for granted and they are they can be shepherded into corridors you know by an assertive mentor that's not really so it's actually their elite is politically very savvy they understand it they are weak and therefore often they are not in a position to assert but it doesn't mean that they don't understand it and if an option develops for them and if a space is created for them to operate their strategic autonomy you may see a phenomenal difference in the situation in a very conceivable future you know in a matter of next five years you know so you know that actually makes an enormous amount of sense for two specific reasons which are good to add to what you are saying one is the French had played a major role in Africa particularly what is known as francophone Africa but it extended to the ex-Belgian colonies also because France French was the major language there now interestingly it's clear that francophone Africa is moving away from France and Macron when he came to Congo and gave speeches tried to dress down the journalists and the leaders of Congo he got a very harsh reaction both from the journalists as well as from the Congo leadership so that that old French tutelage that we believe you is not working and also on the matter of both army and finance there seems to have there seems to be a clear divergence now from France there the growth of Russia even to the extent of now Prigogin and his troops coming in in some of the places that is an entirely different phenomenon Wachtner is an entirely different phenomenon I'm saying that we're going away from France because French military leadership is slowly being taken over by the United States now they're directly now in various places which earlier they were actually working with the French the Americans so French weakening seems to have also led to America starting itself openly but also delegitimizing the West that you are talking about you see the there is a there is a de facto division of labor between Russia and China in in Africa if you look at it closely what can the Chinese do there Chinese are able to put a lot of money on the table in a way that Western countries are not going to be it's not going to be possible for them to match that you know it has never happened before so the earlier thing was aid is imperialism you know this you you give dole outs and then you know you cultivate elites and you know you orchestrate the political structure power structure and you then get into the real business of exploiting the country for its resources and transfer the wealth to European continent this is this is the pattern there but now you know China is putting money on the table you have high-speed trains coming various other types of infrastructural developments rapidly developing there and this is visible to see yes in in you know year to year you can see the change is taking place so best defining it very hard that is one thing and the second thing is China is very aggressive trader and it is a number one trader now in that region and it is able to purchase from create purchasing power in the African countries by purchasing a lot of stuff from these countries which generates money purchasing power they can do so they are they are really seeing their their liquidity problem their resources you know they are not on a shoestring budget like that if it continues like this that China is buying a lot from these places that is the second one and then the third one is the kind of development that inevitably takes place whether it is in mining whether it is in you know agricultural field to maybe to export to China you know buy bag arrangements so on but a number of a lot of activities are taking place the Europeans you know after the liberation struggle and the decolonization they never really rolled up they just packed and left they never really rolled up their sleeves and got into it the way the Chinese are doing now that is there but China is not getting involved in the politics is not waiting its toes in security issues front it closely monitors everything and it is extremely is very well abreast of events that is taking place you can see their reactions you know that they understand the African situation very well but then China has a long history even you remember Chauhanlai is a famous remark you know there so he said they have a long history of paying enormous attention to Africa but that part is Russia's can compliment if China alone were there in the situation what I'm trying to say this division of labor when I mentioned it it is working de facto China could have been ousted because they could have outmaneuvered China by bringing about coups and political assassinations and getting the Chinese being thrown out of that places but that's not happening because politically Russians are moving in a way and with their immense soft power engaging the African elites and this Putin's initiative to have the Africa summit the first one of the roaring success it was a brilliant initiative because it brought together in fact elites a number of them who were products even of Patrice Lumumba University you know these are the old boys you know who were there and they are coming in national liberation struggle's inheritance and they they were they didn't have to be encouraged to talk on those lines that the Russians are talking they were enthused you know in fact they were accelerated that you know this is the kind of environment that today is existing in Moscow just one little additional fact of Cuba Cuba participated in liberation struggles as you know against South Africa for instance and of course the battles were Kalashnikovs really came into their own in Africa fighting liberation struggles apart from Vietnam and so on so all that history very much fresh in Africa to go and talk to the African people see the Russians are not in the business of sending their armies out or establishing bases like this absolutely they have to husband their resources and the unlike in the earlier time in the Soviet era the Russians are very careful about getting overstretched abroad so now we come to this Wagner phenomenon they have studied the situation and they know that a very judicious through a judicious exercise of power the security situations can be handled and what the western military contingents have been doing is actually to use the presence as an instrument a tool to manipulate but on the other hand the security situation can be contained in a certain way and the African elites see that they see the effectiveness of the Wagner group but then the Russians are also not like the Soviets quite that in the downstream Wagner also gets down to business like for example it gives security protection to economic projects in volatile areas extremely volatile areas so mining activities and such activities diamond mines and so on we highly lucrative economic activities are possible to be sustained the West has really speaking no answer to this you see therefore you know this I am not very sanguine that the Africans will bite into this business of democracy if it were democracy then South Africa should have been their closest friend now South Africa is really taking legally to see that whether notwithstanding the fact that they would like that they are members of the I see I see see they are not in a mode to arrest Putin if he lands up there for the brick summit they are trying for ways and means to find how it is possible now so you see if it is democracy the problem then you know why not deal with South Africa and then Lavrov when there it was a huge success Lavrov's visit and the South African foreign minister echoed all the things that the Russians love to hear from them you know so this is not about democracy Zambia they are they got a toe hole there because in the last election a new leadership came which was more pro-western so they are only using that as the ground but for this objective reality is being such as he explained I don't think this African this American enterprise this Biden's enterprise democracy enterprise will travel far enough it won't fly it didn't in the first one as well even then it was considered to be a flop shirt this doesn't seem to have even attracted much attention in the western media itself I think we have covered a lot of ground of course it opens up more grounds maybe we'll have to discuss what happens to non-alignment that existed then because in Krumah was one of the proponents major proponents of that and the African continent continent itself still resonates with a lot of that pan-African part of the agenda that he had on others had so we'll come back to this with you again when we meet in our continuing episodes of false lines we're going to wind this up here thank you very much for being with us covering a really large ground and also placing it in the context within which these developments at VCR happening these developments are at the moment set of episodes as it were but to look at the larger picture I think that's the important part this is all the time we have in news click for false lines today do keep watching news click and also look at our false lines show


The Craft Foods Company presents Harold Perry as the Great Gilder Sleeve. The Great Gilder Sleeve is brought to you by the Craft Foods Company makers of Parquet Margarine. Millions of women all over America serve Parquet because it tastes so good. And now in many states you can buy this delicious Parquet Margarine in yellow quarter pound sticks. Yes, the same spread that tastes so good now comes in handy quarter pound sticks already colored a rich golden yellow and ready to serve. That's Parquet, P-A-R-K-A-Y, Parquet Margarine made by Crafts. Well another day is drawing to a close in Summerfield. The sun is slowly sinking behind the hills and every little bird is returning to his nest. The Great Gilder Sleeve is returning to his nest too. The fact is just coming in the front door. Hello everybody, I'm home. Good evening, birdie. That will be ready in just a few minutes. We got beef stew. Beef stew, great. Where's Marjorie? He's with Rodney Zimmerman. Rodney Zimmerman? Yeah, she's got a big crush on him. Oh, who's he? Another basketball player? Nah, he's a goof. He's a senior class poet. A poet? Oh my goodness. You ought to see him, Monk. He's a tall skinny guy that reads books all the time. He's a goof. Nah, Leroy. If Marjorie likes him, I'm sure Rodney is a very nice boy. He's a goof. Nah, Leroy. Oh, here she is. Hi, Monk. Hello, Marjorie. Marjorie, her old uncle is saying hello. Oh, hello, Lonky. I'm about me today. Who is Marjorie? Who is she? I wish I knew this mystery. Well, what? Lips like cherries, apple cheeks, soft complexion like a peach. Sounds like a fruit salad. And Rodney, he's sensitive and artistic. He's a goof. That will do, Leroy. You may go upstairs, young man, and get ready for dinner. Pronto. Okay. Well, he shouldn't say those things. Just because Rodney's different, he's sweet and thoughtful. Of course, sometimes I wish he weren't so shy. What? Well, we're having our costume dance at school Friday night. I know Rodney wants to take me, but he's too bashful to say anything. Oh? So I invited him over here tonight. Maybe if I encourage him enough, he'll ask me. I'm sure he will, my dear. Well, better get ready for dinner now. All right. A poet. What next? Excuse me. Yes, Bertie? Everybody ready for supper? The beef stew is done. All right. Roses are red, violets are blue. Okay, Bertie, serve the beef stew. I'm a poet too. Get up a cigar. Rocky, Rodney will be here in a few minutes. What about it? Please don't smoke here in the living room. What? Rodney has a very sensitive nose. Oh, my goodness. I wonder if Bertie's got the hot chocolate and cookies ready. Oh, I'm sure she has. You've reminded her five times.  Oh, he's just got to ask me to that dance. If anything upsets him, he's liable to run right out of the house. Oh, don't worry, my dear. I'll get... Oh, there he is. Want me to get it? No, Bertie, I'll get it. Be nice now, won't you remember? He's terribly shy. I will. Oh, hello, Rodney. Hello. I must have the wrong house. No, no.  Yes, but you're not Marjorie. Marjorie's uncle. Oh. The one with the mustache. Won't you come in? Well, I could come back some other time. No, no. Come in. All right. Marjorie's right here in the living room. Marjorie, here's Rodney. Hello, Rodney. Hello. And this is Marjorie's little brother, Lee Roy. Hi. Hello. So you're Rodney Zimmerman. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Well, Rodney, Marjorie's certainly been looking forward to your visit tonight. Yeah, she wants you to invite her tonight. Isn't it time for you to do your homework, my boy? Homework? Yes. Up in your room. Say good night to Rodney. Night, Rodney. Oh, good night. A polite little fellow.  Yes, sir. Uncle Mort. Well, I take quite an interest in the poets myself. You do? Do you like Bobby Burns? Well, that's a pretty good cigar, but I usually... Oh, oh, the poet. Uncle Mort. What, Marjorie? Aren't we keeping you from your work? Work? I know. I work from eight to five every day. Oh, oh, yes, of course. Excuse me, Rodney. I have some work to do in my den. Uh, statistics. I'll just leave you two alone. Good night, Uncle Mort. Good night. Good night, Rodney. Good night, sir. Looks like a poet, all right. Needs a haircut. Well, I hope he invites Marjorie. I think I'll leave the door open. See what he says. I'm glad you came over tonight, Rodney. So am I, Marjorie. I love that poem you wrote about me. Rodney. I'm glad you did, Marjorie. You gods, you've never asked her at this rate. Rodney. Yes? I've got my costume all picked out for the dance Friday night. Yeah? Yes. I'm going as Elizabeth Barrett Browning. And you'd look wonderful as Robert Browning. That is, if you were going to the dance. Yes. Can't he take a hint? Oh, Marjorie. Yes? About that dance. Yes? There's something I want to ask you. There is, Rodney. Uh, here it comes. Hot chocolate's coming up. Mrs. Fort, thank you. And these lots of them cookies, it'll fill you out a little. Thank you. Here's a little poem I wrote. If you want something more to eat, Bertie's chocolate can't be seen. My goodness, Bertie too. Rodney, you were saying something about the dance. Dance? Oh, yes. Well... Come on, Rodney. If you weren't going with anybody else. Yes? Yes. Well, I thought maybe you'd like to... Can't hear him. I'll just lean out of the door a little. Well, that is Marjorie. Why don't you go with me? Me too far? I just thought I'd drop in for some chocolate. If it's a brown suit, well, I better be going. Good night. Good night, Marjorie. Rodney, wait! Scared away, huh, Commissioner? Yeah. You fell right on the floor, huh? I bet he thought it was an earthquake. It isn't funny, Floyd. And ports are peculiar fellas, all right. Moody. Yeah, they sure are. Well, being a barber, I don't read poetry. Them guys never get haircuts, so why should I give them my business? Yes, well, I certainly spoil things from Marjorie. Well... Why don't you go see this young lord O'Brien and fix it up? Mm-hmm. Well, I couldn't get him to invite her. He's a darn shy. Well, there's one thing that always works in a case like this. The green-eyed monster. Who? That's right, Commissioner. Jealousy. Oh, for heaven's sake. Yeah, you just make him think some other kid's gonna take her. He'll get over that shy stuff in a hurry. Well, I don't know, Floyd.  Why, if it wasn't for jealousy, I wouldn't be married to Lovie today. You wouldn't? Nope. When I was going with her, I was about to run away and join the Navy. Then I noticed some guy leaving her house every time I'd go over to see her. You did? Yeah. Made me so jealous I broke down, proposed to Lovie. Mm-hmm. After we got married, I found out that guy was just a bill collector. Make it worse, I had to pay the bill. Well, it might work with Rodney at that. Sure. I could tell him that her old boyfriend, Wally Hoff, wants to take her. That's the stuff. Lay it on thick. Tell him this Hoff kid's nuts about her. By George Floyd, I'll do it. Wait till I see that skinny poet. Add a boy. Can't miss, Commissioner. When the green-eyed monster bites you, look out. I wonder where it'll bite Rodney. Hello, Marjorie. Thank you. Just thought I'd stop by on my way home from school. Marjorie. Yes. Marjorie. Yes. Marjorie, will you go to the dance with me? Oh, I'd love to, Rodney. I thought you'd never ask me. Well, I've been afraid to. I thought maybe you'd rather go with Wally Hoff. Wally Hoff? Well, you used to like him and I thought maybe you still did. Oh, that's silly. I don't like Wally anymore. In fact, I can't stand him. I'm glad of that because if I thought you still liked him, I'd go out of your life forever. Rodney. Oh, I'm so excited. I want to show you my costume. I'll run up and get it. Gee, she likes me better than Wally Hoff. I never would have thought. Well, Rodney. Oh. Hello, Mr. Gillersley. You're just the boy I wanted to see. Rodney, I've got some bad news for you. What? I'm afraid you've got a rival for Marjorie, my boy. A rival? Who? Wally Hoff. Wally Hoff? Well, I thought she didn't like him anymore. That's what you think. Ho, ho, ho, ho, ho. But she said she couldn't stand him. Yes, you may have told you that. But you know how women are. Yes, I guess I do.  Huh? Oh, hello, Uncle Morton. Rodney, here's my costume. I hope Wally Hoff doesn't like you. I hope Wally Hoff likes it. What? You don't have to spare my feelings, Marjorie.  What? Yeah, I sure did. I'm sorry I asked you to go to the dance, Marjorie. You asked her? Oh, my goodness. Rodney, listen to me. It's all right, Marjorie. You go with Wally. I'll just sit in my room and read Tennyson. Tennyson, Rodney, I was only joking. Farewell forever. Rodney. Oh, my God. After a little while, I see that fly. Birdie, what's new? I declare, Mr. Wall, that Leroy just caught me something new. What now, Birdie? That Leroy took a slice of bread, spread parquet margin on it, real thick, and then sprinkled a little brown sugar on top and started eating. Well, I thought everybody knew about that. Bread, parquet, and brown sugar is a wonderful between-meal treat. Well, I tried it and it sure tastes good. It's so simple. Parquet tastes good on everything, Birdie. It's delicious on rolls and waffles and pancakes. It adds flavor to hot vegetables and casserole dishes, too. And believe me, parquet margin is certainly economical. Why, it costs only about half as much as the most expensive spread. I know it's economical, Mr. Wall, but what's important to me is how good it tastes. Well, that's important to everyone. That's why millions of women serve parquet margin in every meal. Parquet is the margin of craft, quality, you know. It's economical, nourishing, and delicious. In most states, you can buy golden yellow parquet and quarter pound sticks all ready for table use. That's what Leroy was getting into, the yellow parquet. Sure was a treat with that brown sugar on it. It's a treat no matter how you eat it, Birdie. Parquet margin is always a treat because it tastes so good. That's P-A-R-K-A-Y, parquet margin. Well, it's the night of the costume dance at the Summerfield High School, but it's an unhappy night for Marjorie. Her date with Rodney fell through, thanks to Mr. Fixett, the Great Gilder Sleep. She's locked herself in her room, and the great man's trying to patch things up. Dinner's ready. We're having meatloaf. Dinner almost ready? Yes, sir. Too bad about that dance tonight. Marjorie not going. Yes, sir.  Well, I'm sorry it turned out this way. I was just trying to get Rodney to take her, but it didn't work. It sure didn't.  Birdie, I said I was just... Everybody's gonna be at that dance, laughing and having a good time. Everybody but poor little Marjorie. Birdie. Yes, sir. All them other girls will be there with their boyfriends. All but poor little Marjorie. But Birdie, I told you, I was just trying to fix things.  I don't want any dinner. I feel like eating. What?  I spoiled everything. Gee, I'm just cause I goofy part won't take her. They don't like to go to a dance without an escort. And it's too late for anybody to ask her so... Say, I know somebody who could take her to that dance. Who? Me. What? Well, it's a costume party. And in the costume, I'd look just like a high school boy. Are you kidding? Huh?  Oh, for corn say. Sure. By George, I'll do it, Leroy. I'll get out of Hogan Brothers' costume department right now. For what? Yes, sir. Tonight, I'll be a high school kid again. I hope some pretty teacher takes me out in the cloakroom. See you later, Penrod.  I'm gonna rent a costume. I'm going to the high school dance tonight. You? Well, yes, I'm taking my niece. Oh. I'd like to get something that would make me look romantic. Maybe I could go as Romeo. Sir, we don't have Romeo costume size 48. Oh. Well, do you have any poet costumes? Not in your size. I'm afraid I have just one costume left that will fit you. What's that? A lion. Did you say a lion? Yes. It was used in the senior class production of The Wizard of Oz, the cowardly lion. Fatty Milligan played the part.  How can I dance in a lion's skin? Well, just hold your partner with one arm and your tail with the other. My tail? Now look here. And I can't help you. That's all we have. Well, got to have a costume. Yes, I'll have to take it. Very well. Just a moment. A lion. And a cowardly one at that. Well, I got to do it for Marjorie. Yeah, you are, sir. You can use that dressing room right there. Thanks. Not much room in here.  Better take my coat off first. Well, let's see this thing. I guess I am zippered here in the back. Certainly feels heavy. I'd hate to be a lion and have to wear one of these all the time. No wonder they look so sleepy. Climb into it, I guess. Oop, wrong way. Tail's supposed to be in the back. Yes, I'm in, all right. Well, if I can just reach that zipper in the back. Dark in here. Mothballs.  Big teeth. There. Now I can see, anyway. What's that? That's me in the mirror. I look pretty good. Might as well leave it on almost time for the dance, anyway. Yep, I make a pretty fierce looking lion, all right. Gildlessly king of the beast. I think I'll go out and join the lion's club. I'm in this car and a lion's skin. Kind of hard to steer with these paws. Uh-oh, there's a policeman standing there in the corner. He's the one that gave me a ticket last month. I'll have some fun with him. Hey, officer! He even dropped his billy club. That'll teach him. I think I'll drop him to the drug store and scare Pee-Vee. Slammed the door on my tail. Didn't even feel it. Oh, it's a really scared Pee-Vee. There he is behind the candy counter. Oh, Mr. Gildlessly? So I got it. What are you intending to do, Mr. Gildlessly? Join the circus? No, Pee-Vee. I'm taking Marjorie to the school dance tonight. How's that? Well, she didn't have a date, so I'm sort of substituting. In this outfit, I'll look just like a high school boy. Well, I wouldn't say that. All right, Pee-Vee. Say, maybe I'd better call Marjorie and tell her to be already, huh? Well, there's the phone booth. Help yourself. Yeah. Guess I can dial with one of my claws. Why do they make these boots so small? It'd be hard to get in with this lion's outfit on. Maybe I can squeeze in. The fur is slippery. Sure tight. And I'll make it this time. What's the trouble, Mr. Gildlessly? What's it look like? Pee-Vee, I'm stuck in this thing. What am I going to do? Looks like you have to go to that dance as a phone booth. Yeah, good evening, Pee-Vee. Good evening, Judge. Well, what's going on here? There's a lion stuck in my phone booth. What? It's Mr. Gildlessly. Oh. Well, I was going to use the phone, but it looks like the lion is busy. Because they didn't have any tigers. Just stop asking foolish questions, hooker, and get me out of here. All right. I know. Let's pull him out with a tail, Pee-Vee. All right. Pee-God, watch it, fellas. This tail doesn't belong to me. That'll hold, Pee-Vee. Now, one, two, three, pull. Goodness, this tail came off. You fellas are certainly a big help. I'll get out of here myself. You forgot your tail. Oh, wear it yourself, you old goat. A costume, too. This is my costume. I'm going to escort you to the dance. Oh, that's awfully sweet of you, Wonky, for taking me to the dance. Huh? Uh-huh. He phoned me and we've made up. Isn't that wonderful? Yes. Oh, certainly glad, my dear. Getting awfully hot in this lion's skin. I think I'll unzip it. You're unzippers stuck. Guess I bent it in that foolin' booth. Marjorie, maybe you can unzip it. All right, Onky. It is stuck. All right. Oh, there's Rodney. Excuse me. But Marjorie. Gawfully handsome in your costume, Rodney. And you look beautiful, Marjorie. Thank you. Marjorie, will you please unzip me? It's hot in here. How did I ever misunderstand you? How did I ever let you? How did I ever get into this? Marjorie, I'm suffocating. Take my hand, Elizabeth Browning. All right, Robert Browning. Good night, Onky. Marjorie, you come back here. Come, my fair one. Vision bright. Oh, what a happy, happy night. That's what he thinks. Oh, my goodness. See, is that you, Onky? Yes, Leroy. Oh, why, I know for core sake. Listen carefully, Leroy. I'm going to try to get out of this thing. See if you can unzip me. Okay. Here's good news worth remembering, ladies. In all states where laws permit, you can now get yellow parquet. Yes, parquet, the same delicious spread with a wonderful flavor. Now comes in handy quarter pound sticks already colored a rich golden yellow. You'll find yellow parquet costs a little more. Largely because of the federal coloring tax. But it's a real saving for you in time and trouble. Try the new yellow parquet in quarter pound sticks. Remember, where state laws permit, you can get this delicious spread golden yellow ready to serve. Of course, you can still buy white parquet at the low economy price. That's P-A-R-K-A-Y. Parquet margarine made by Kraft. Tonight, ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to tell you about a way you can help build national security. At the same time, build your own security. That way is to buy United States savings bonds. You see, United States bonds are an investment in future opportunities. Opportunities like a retirement income, an education for your children, or a new home. Now the best way to provide for future opportunities, of course, is to save regularly by signing up for the payroll savings plan where you work or the bond a month plan where you bank. I don't think you'll find a safer or more patriotic way to put more opportunity in your future than by investing in United States savings bonds. Thank you. Wow! Good night. The fleet is played by Harold Perry. It was written by Gene Stone and Jack Robinson with music by Jack Meager. Included in the cast are Walter Henry, Mary Lee Robb, Lillian Randolph, Phil Roth, and Dick Legrand. There's John Law, saying good night for the Kraft Food Company. Meager, the Farakay Margin, and the famous line of Kraft quality food products. Be sure to listen in next Wednesday for a special Gilder Sleeve program featuring as our guest that very popular singer, Miss K-Star. You'll like this pleasant, quick way of making leftovers more delicious. Just add a little Kraft prepared mustard and you add a lot of tang. Hidden flavors in boiled ham, sausage, most any meat, pop right out. Every bite tastes better. Now, you can get two kinds of Kraft mustard. Salad mustard delicately spiced for those who prefer a milder flavor and Kraft mustard with snappy horseradish added. Have both kinds in your pantry. Then with every meat dish hot or cold, just add a little mustard and you'll add a lot of tang. Kraft's prepared mustard. This is NBC.


Meanwhile, the Lagos State Police Command has confirmed the arrest of Frederic Omojago, the Aizegbo of Aja'u Estates in Lagos State. The command also disclosed that Frederic had been taken into the custody of the Department of State Services. It was reported that the Ibo leader was arrested on Saturday by a joint team of police men and operatives of the DSS. This followed his threat to invite members of the prescribed indigenous people of Biafra to secure the properties of Ibo people in the states. The State Police Public Relations Office SP Benjamin Oondangin said Omojago was arrested during a midnight raid in a hotel in the Ijibbo area of Lagos, is currently in the DSS custody where he is being investigated. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.