Welcome back everyone. This is Brian. In this video, we're going to talk about the for loop and the range function. The difference from the for loop compared to the while loop, which we talked about in the previous video, is the for loop has a beginning and an end and the range function helps us create that beginning and end. Really helps us to just avoid that nasty business of infinite loops. Let's dive in and take a look. All right. First things first, let's go ahead and look at the for loop on list tuples and sets. This is super, super ridiculously simple. And I'm just going to make a simple list. And we're going to say for I in notice what we're doing here, though, we're saying for, and then we're creating a variable. And this variable is named I, you can name it x, z, zebra, whatever you wanted to name it. I'm just gonna say for I in. And now we have to give it some sort of container. Let's say x, and then the colon. This reads just like a while loop, but we are now creating the variable in the statement itself. What we can do now is just simply say print. And let's say I, I'm going to print out the value of I.  You see I is one, two, three, four, and it stops. We don't have to tell it to break or to return or to do anything like that. And we don't have to increment some sort of counter. It does it for us under the hood based off the you guessed it, the length of this list. So it's taking this iterable container. And it's saying each one of these is now a separate variable. And we're going to treat it independently. And you can do this ridiculously fast. And you can do it across different types of things here. So for example, think I made one too many. We're going to say list, a tuple, and a set. And we're just going to say, this is L. This is T. And this is X. So we've got a bunch of different things here. And let's actually one of the little nuances of this is you got to have it in the right style bracket here, or this is the parentheses. And the set has a little weird squiggly thing. There we go. And we can just switch this out. So I'm going to do the list. Works as expected. Let's switch this out to the tuple. Works as expected. And I know you're already probably rolling your eyes going, we know, we know the set's going to work just fine. And it does everything works as advertised. This makes it just ridiculously easy to loop through a container. Let's take a look at the for loop in regards to dictionaries, we're going to treat this a little bit differently here. So I'm going to make a dictionary. And I'm going to say dict. And let's just go ahead and build this out. Brian, I'm going to say my age is 46. Say Tammy. Don't tell her I put this in the video, she'll get very mad, but she's 48. And then Heather, let's go ahead and say Heather is 28. And Chris, let's just say Chris is 30. We could add more if we really wanted to. So we have our beautiful dictionary here. Go ahead and print this out just so we can see what it looks like. And it creates a dictionary for us. Now we're going to work with this in regards to the looping. When I say the looping, there's a couple of different ways we can do this. So the first way, we're going to say 4k in x dot ease. I gotta be a little careful here. If you forget to call it as a function, and we haven't really covered functions yet, but trust me on this, if you just do this, you're going to have a bad time. And let's actually see it fail just to prove that hey, it is going to fail. And we're going to say ease a equals. And then we're going to fill that out later. But let's just watch this thing fail. See, built in function or method object is not iterable. What what is going on here? What does this mean? plain English, built in function or method? Well, we haven't really covered these yet. But basically, it's a chunk of code that we can call. And to do that, you need these parentheses. So if you forget those, you can have a bad time. This is object is not iterable. What does that mean? Well, it needs to be a container of some kind, for example, a list tuple set or a dictionary. So simply by saying, Hey, use those parameters, it's now going to return some sort of data that is iterable, which we can go through and work with. All right, let's continue on. Let's say x. And we want to get that specific key. And I'm going to just assume you watch the previous videos, but just in case you skipped them. Let's slow this down just a smidge here. Or six first, we need to fix our little error there. So what's going on here is we are creating our dictionary. The dictionary is just a key value pair, key value, key value, key value. And you can see that in the dictionary right here, where it's created those key value pairs. Now we're going to say for each K or each key in our dictionaries, keys, it's going to return back some sort of list, we're going to say for each one of those, get the value. So we're saying x, okay. So really what we're saying here is x is a dictionary, k is the key. So we're saying for whatever key, for example, if it was Tammy, it's going to say print out Tammy, because that's the key, and then print out the actual value here, which is that right there. So each key is going to correlate to values, what I'm trying to really drive home here, maybe I explain that badly. So keys, and then you get your key value, key value, key value. There is another way of doing it. And I wanted to bring this up simply because you're going to see people do it both ways. So we're going to say for K comma V, this is going to blow your mind if you're coming from another language, we're going to say two different variables here, key and value in, we want to switch this out to items. And again, we're calling a function. So we need those parentheses there, if we forget those, we're gonna have a bad, bad time. And because we are now pulling these are unpacking those, we don't have to do this little bit here, we can just simply swap that out with our variable. So what items is doing is, well, it's actually pulling each value pair out and returning it. So now it can unpack the key and the value. So you have two different variables. See that in action here, let's save and run. And actually, let's call this items. So we don't get that confused with the keys. And sure enough, items and it is unpacked them correctly. Brian 46, Tammy 48, Heather 28, Chris 30. So which way's better? Well, it depends on what you want to do. Personally, I tend to do this method right here.  Remembering what does what, but each way is perfectly fine. Let's talk about range. And we've touched on it briefly, but let's really look at range. So let's kind of quick review here, we're going to say x equals and we want a range of five. And if we print this out, this is where you're going to get really confused really, really fast. So let's go ahead and run this. And here's our x right here, range, zero to five. Wait, what? You're thinking this is going to return a list or something like that. Actually, it's going to return a function call. So there's range zero to five. What is this zero to five? Where did this come from? We said five. Well, we're going to look at that in the next little segment here. But just understand what we're really doing is we're saying x is really going to equal a call to that function. We're going to cover functions in depth in other videos. It's actually a large topic. So we're going to split it into multiple videos. Just understand what's going on here. You're not actually getting some sort of iterable container that you can go through. But what we can do here now is something like this. For I in x, notice how I don't have these parentheses, because we are not calling a function directly, we're calling a variable. You try to do something like this, you're gonna have a very bad time, just understand the difference between those. And then from here, just some becomes really ridiculous, so simple. This is what I love about Python, everything just becomes very simple to the point I'm almost embarrassed to just even talk about it. Because to me, because I'm an old programmer, it seems like just common sense. And there we go, range zero through four. So what's happening under the hood here, is it saying for I, so we're creating a variable in x, and this variable is actually pointing to a function. So it's making this function call getting that value back, and then it's going through each item.  So we have a start a stop and a step. What does this really mean? Let's go ahead and do this. Let's say x equals range. And I'm just going to leave it here for now. So we can read this and see what's going on. We have stop int. So that's the default. But there's different ways of calling this. You can do a start, which means the number you're going to start at a stop, which means the number you're going to stop at, and a step, meaning how many numbers in between those two you want to jump. Let's take a look at this and see what it really looks like under the hood. So let's say we want to start at five, we want to stop when we hit 20. And we want to take three steps at a time. All right, pop quiz, what is this going to look like? Let's go ahead and print this out. If you thought it was going to say range five, 23, you are absolutely right because beginning to understand here that this is pointing to a function, not some sort of value. But we can actually work with it now that we've assigned it to a variable called x. Go ahead and say for I in x. Remember, we're calling a variable not a function. Go ahead and print. Okay, bonus round. Who knows what this is going to print out here. Let's see. Starts at five. And then it goes eight, 11, 14, 17, and it stops at 20. Notice how it didn't fire off a 20. If we said 21, let's see what happens. Now suddenly includes that. So that's the major takeaway from here is it's not going to include that stop, it's going to stop when it gets to there. Remember under the hood, this is using some sort of loop, it's saying probably something that we've seen before like this, while, and then acts as less than 20. So when it gets to this 20 is just going to break out of that loop and stop doing it. Once you understand how this works, it makes life ridiculously simple. Something like this would require a little bit of math and other languages, but Python as usual, makes it nice and easy. I hope you enjoyed this video. You can find the source code out on github.com. If you need additional help, myself and thousands of other developers are hanging out in the void realms Facebook group. This is a large group with lots of developers and we talk about everything technology related, not just the technology that you just watched. And if you want official training, I do develop courses out on you to me.com. This is official classroom style training. If you go out there and the course you're looking for is just simply not there. Drop me a note. I'm either working on it or I will actually develop it. I will put a link down below for all three of those. And as always, help me help you smash that like and subscribe button. The more popular these videos become, the more I'll create and publish out on YouTube. Thank you for watching.


QuickBooks Online 2022, adjusting entry, loan payable, short-term and long-term portions. Get ready because it's go time with QuickBooks Online 2022. Here we are in our gig-rate guitarist practice file we set up with the 30-day free trial, holding down control, scrolling up a bit to get to the 125% we're currently in the home page, otherwise known as the Get Things Done page in the Business View as compared to the Accounting View, if you want to change to the Accounting View it's something you can do by going to the cog up top, switch to the Accounting View down below. We will be toggling back and forth between the two views, either here or by jumping over to the sample company file currently in the Accounting View. Back on over to the Get Great Guitars, let's open a few tabs to put reports in. Right-clicking on the tab up top to do so, duplicating it. Going back to the tab to the left, right-clicking again and duplicating again. One more time, tab to the left, right-click again and duplicate another time. As that is thinking, let's see where the reports are located over here in the good old Accounting View. They're going to be on the left-hand side under the reports, jumping back over to Get Great Guitars which is in the Business View. It's still thinking, hold on a second, there it goes. It's going to be left-hand side business overview on the left-hand side in the reports and then I'm going to close up the hamburger and pretty soon the reports are going to pop up here including the big balance sheet and that's what we want. That's the one I want picking that one up. Let's do the range change from 010122 to 022822, 0228 being the cutoff date for our adjusting entries. Drop down, let's take a look at the month by month, the side by side and run it. So we've got the Jan Feb and the Jan Feb. Let's go to the tab to the right. Let's go down to the Business Overview again, the reports and then close up the hamburger and go into the profit and the loss, the P and the L, the income statement. Change in that range, change that range 010122 to 022822 and then change the weeks to months. I want totals to months and then run it. So now we've got Jan Feb and Tote on the income statement. Tab to the right one more time. Business overview reports, close up the burger, type in the trial balance so we can locate the good old TV trial balance going into it. Let's do the changing of the ranging. The rangeings, they are changing to 022822 and let's say let's just run that one as is. There we have it. Let's go back to the first tab now, which is where our balance sheet is at and we're looking now on these liability accounts. Yeah, the liability accounts which are going to be the loan liability accounts. Now we talked a little bit about the different kind of structures you might use and the interplay between the accounting department that's going to be entering into the system or possibly a bookkeeper entering into the system and the adjusting department or possibly CPA firm tax preparer possibly at the end of the year or possibly on a monthly basis for reporting purposes. There's a couple different methods that you can use. One is that you might say that you want, for example, all loans from a reporting standpoint usually are going to be grouped into one account. It's going to be called loan payable and then have a short-term and long-term portion. So two accounts, a short-term and long-term portion of the loans. So you could do that internally, have one account, short-term and long-term portion and then the subledgers which are in essence going to be the amortization tables helping you to break out the detail. However, I believe that from an internal standpoint it's easier to break out each of the loans independently. So that's what I would typically recommend doing and it's typically easier to break them out independently in one account as opposed to having a short-term and long-term portion because the short-term and long-term portion will change with every payment and you already have enough to worry about considering that every payment is going to have three accounts affected instead of two accounts affected. So I would then recommend when you set up the loan to basically put them in the loan payable, possibly a sub-account of a loan payable, then list the loan in some kind of identifiable way possibly by institution, but most likely also by the loan number because you might have multiple loans in the same financial institution and then you can have your loan balances which should tie into the amortization tables that you will be making. Now note that the amortization tables looking something like this may be something you get from the financial institution with the loan. However, it might not. Maybe they don't give you an amortization table in which case you could create the amortization table or you could have your CPA firm or accountant or tax preparer possibly create the amortization table to help you break out the interest and the principal portion of each payment. That's one method you could use. You could also use another method. Hey look, I'm not even going to record. I'm just going to be on a cash basis. You might be working with the accounting department with your CPA firm for example and you might say, hey look, I'm going to try to do everything as close to with bank feeds possibly as I can mainly on a cash transaction method and I would like you to please shore it up, fix it to whatever it needs to be periodically at the end of the month or the end of the year. In that case, you might set up a loan account and just record the transactions that are cash related to it possibly not even putting the loan on the books unless you got the cash for it, right? But if you got the cash for the loan you could put the loan on the books and then record all the payments directly to the loan meaning instead of breaking out the interest and principal I'm just going to record the whole payment to the loan which would reduce cash the other side reducing the loan. That would not be correct because we would not be recording the interest but it would be the easy thing to do from a data input standpoint because now you only have two accounts affected and you can memorize the transactions because the transactions would not be differing between the interest and principal portion possibly being able to use bank feeds possibly being able to use kind of a rule to automate that transaction and then at the end of the period month or year ask your accountant to make the amortization schedule based on if it's a new loan and then break out the interest and principal portion with a journal entry and then also then tie out to the loan balance on the amortization table and break out the short-term and long-term portion pretty much no matter what you do your accountant is probably going to have to work with these amortization tables anyways so for them to do all of that together isn't too bad of a process it sounds kind of tedious but you're already going to be doing it anyways so it's not that much more work just to say hey look you do it on a cash basis and I'll just fix it I'll just shore it up at the end that's one method you could use or you can get your amortization tables and record them properly with each payment into one account per loan tying out to the loan balance after each payment and then at the end of the period you or the accountant in the adjusting process can simply break out the short-term and long-term portion that's the method that we're going to be using here so in other words you can see we had two payments that comes out to the loan balance after the two payments 69, 87, 8, 13 that ties out to the second loan we have here and then the first loan we had was on this loan amortization table and we haven't it's still on the books at the 5,000 at this point in time and then we had to do it at adjusting entry for the interest so that's a short-term loan we don't have to worry about short-term and long-term portion this one however is longer than a year long therefore if it's an installment loan a typical type of installment loan we're going to have those payments that are going to happen for the first year, for the next year and then payments after that point in time so we should break out the short-term and long-term for external financial statement reporting purposes I would also recommend in general as current loans so that you can then have all your loans under the same umbrella of the loan payable and then break out the long-term portion because all of your loans are going to have a current portion to them not all of your loans will have a long-term portion to them so we've got these two loans then this 5,000 we're not worried about because that's all current portion this one now I need to break out the short-term and long-term portion it's a little bit different than normal adjusted entries in that we don't have an income statement and balance sheet side to it there's not a timing issue with it it's just all balance sheet side of things in that we need to break out the short-term and long-term portion but it's the same as any other adjusted entry in that we're trying to do what helps the accounting department throughout the accounting process and then shore it up for reporting purposes periodically at the end of the month so we've got to figure out how much am I going to take out of this amount and put into the long-term amount so to do that I'm going to go to my amortization schedule and we've got to say okay if I make monthly payments then I'm going to count the payments that are going to happen for the next 12 months and I've got to figure out how much of that is current and long-term so I'm going to say if this is my starting point how many payments am I going to have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 I'm going to end here let's make that green and so this is where we would expect to end after one year of data input I'm going to make this a little bit smaller so that would mean then that if I was to look at the payments that we're going to make in that time frame notice I'm not exactly looking at the payment you might say this you might say hey look why don't I just say obviously this times 12 is going to be the short-term portion because I'm going to be paying 16, 304, 75 in the next year that's the short-term portion and therefore the long-term portion is going to be this minus that but that doesn't quite work because this amount then is including interest and you might say well yeah I'm including interest because I'm going to pay the interest I've already committed to paying the interest but you haven't you haven't incurred the interest at this point in time that would be like saying I've already signed a 10-year lease and it's going to cost me $500,000 for 10 years or something and therefore I'm going to record the liability today even though I haven't used the office building at this point in time that's not how it works because you have to incur the expense in this case you've got the use of the money which you have not yet incurred even though you have committed to using it in the future you can't get out of paying it but you haven't actually consumed the thing that you're going to be paying for in the future and until you do you shouldn't record it as a liability even though you have that commitment that you're expecting to use it in the future in the similar way as any other kind of rental item that means that we have to pick up just the amount that's the loan principle not the interest not the rent component because we haven't incurred the rent component yet so we're going to pick up just the principal portion so I have to say the sum we're going to say the sum of everything all the payment side so we're taking the loan principle after this point just the principal portion of the payments that we're going to make down to this last one here which will be 12 payments and then I'm going to say enter so the short term is going to be that 1310854 the long term portion is what we'll still be owing after that point in time which is the 56769 or in other words you might look at it up here and say the short term portion is the same thing short term portion is going to be the sum of these items so that's what it is here and if this is where we are at this point in time including the short term and the long term portion and this is the short term portion short term then the long term must be the difference between the two and of course those two still add up to the current balance at this point in time see so that's going to be our journal entry so now we have everything in the short term at this amount therefore we have to do a journal entry to break out the long term so that's going to be amount of this decrease in the short term of that amount by the long term portion which will leave in the short term the 1310854 that will be our journal entry so let's go back and do it let's do it going back over it now note that if we had multiple loans that had a short term and long term portion you might do the same kind of process of having the loan payable and then basically multiple loans in a sub account to it to make it easier to see the short term and long term portion so that you can review it it's also easier for a supervisor to review it that way so you can actually just take and tie out okay this is what's on the amortization schedule instead of grouping those loans together we only have one loan that's going to be broken out but let's still kind of make another sub account for the long term and put that loan underneath it which is going to be the chase loan so let's go back to the first tab to do that I'm going to right click on the tab and duplicate it because I would like to change it from the business view to the accounting view because I'm going to add some accounts and right now I don't think QuickBooks' business view is that's the thing I don't like about it with regards to the business view adding accounts that is so I'm going to switch it to the accounting view switch it to the accounting view so QuickBooks doesn't drive me crazy they're trying to put me in the car that's going to drive me to crazy and I'm like no I've got my own car I'm not taking you can't drive me to crazy QuickBooks I'm going to drive where I want to go and then I'm going to I'm going to go into the accounting on the left hand side and then I'm going to close up the hamburger and we're going to create I'm going to create two more accounts a long term account which will be the parent account and then a long term account which will be the sub-account for our our loan so I'm going to say let's make a new account new account and it's going to be a loan payable account so I'll call it another current well it's going to be a long term liability that is rather note payable other long term liabilities we'll keep it at the note payable and I'm going to call it loan loans payable instead of note payable I'm going to add that so let's put that on down it's going to be in order here by the by accounts we got assets liabilities and then we've got the long term loan so there's the loan payable I'm going to make a sub-account I'm going to mirror the short term liability account we have up top for chase loan which is the $2791 so I'm going to take a $2791 chase loan for the long term portion so let's say new and I'm going to say this is going to be another long term loan and I'm going to say this is going to be called chase loan and then $2791 long term portion I'm going to make it a sub-account of the loan payable loan payable we just set up the long term loan payable see how it gives me that it's long term that's important to note to see that because it lets me know that it's not the short term one and I don't think that's always there in the business view and if anybody cares that wants to fix that no one cares what I think they should fix that so we're going to be down here loans payable chase loan the $2791 $2791 so now I can enter the adjusting entry I could do it with a journal entry of course I could go up top and say I'm going to add a new journal entry but we could use the register there's only two accounts affected and enter the journal entry that way we can go into either account because we're looking at we're looking at the the equivalent sheet of accounts it might be easier let's go to the first one because then I can see the result of it going down to what it should be so let's go into the register for the short term chase loan payable going into it and then we're going to say let's hit the drop down and do a journal entry a journal entry type of thing 022822 and then this is going to be an ADJ ADJ so that we can distinguish it as an adjusting entry and we're going to be decreasing it by it's got the full amount in it so we've got to decrease it by the 56769 59 to leave us with the 1310854 so let's do that let's do it 56769 59 decrease that's an increase don't you know the difference okay so 56789 59 okay and then the other side is going to go into the chase loan the long term portion there it is long term portion picking that up that should do it that should do it let's save it and close it and see if it does what we expect it to so if I go back on over to my reports report run it again for freshness's sake for freshness's sake put it back in the oven re cook it make another loaf of bread that's fresh so we're going to go down and we're going to say now we've got the 5000 we didn't do anything to that we've got the 1310854 which should tie out to what we have here 1310854 notice if you're reviewing it or for supervisors reviewing it how easy it is as opposed to having these kind of ticked together and if you have a lot of loans to try to pack them all in one loan and then try to tie out your sub ledgers in the amortization schedule it's easier to have this breakout although you don't typically want to report these externally you would like to collapse them or possibly if you're exporting and using excel to do a little formatting then that would be fine as well I'm going to go down and say now we've got this one with the drop down and the long term portion is the 5676959 which matches the 5665959 which is of course where we would be at after 12 payments that's why it's long term because it's the amount after the after the year of time frame so that's going to be that will be that again just note that how we listed these items you got to keep in mind you know how is it going to be listed in terms of the bookkeeping versus the reporting and then how can I make this as easy basically to review as possible and also as easy to then adjust for whatever reporting method I'm going to be using for external reporting because we don't want like a loan number in this long term we want to basically collapse it which you can do that way to report it externally or possibly you're exporting it somewhere else it just depends on what your display method is for it but from an internal standpoint it's nice to have these other loans broken out and then we're going to do a reversing entry however next time because notice every payment that we have going forward it's going to mess up the short term and long term portion so it's unreasonable to think that every time you make a payment you're going to do the adjustment between short term and long term that's kind of tedious like you'd rather do that periodically typically and so we're going to reverse it so it doesn't mess up the accounting department so they can get back to just having one account that they can tie out to okay so let's go back to the to the trial balance now this is where we stand at this point in time let's run it as of the cutoff date 228 this is our debit leg and our credit leg and you can see if your numbers tie out and if they do great if not try a date range change and we will then be running a journal report to diagnose any differences at the end of the section


Or shall I begin my story that has no beginning? In these arroyos, my great grandfather raised cattle before the Anglos ever came. The roots go deep in this place, deeper than the pines, deeper than the mineshafts. This is my village. When I was a child, it was called San Marcos. The Anglos changed the name to Zinc Town. Zinc Town, New Mexico. This is our home. The house is not ours. But the flowers. The flowers are ours. My name is Esperanza. Esperanza Quintero. I am a miner's wife. 18 years my husband has given to that mine, living half his life with dynamite and darkness. The land where the mine now stands, that was owned by my husband's own grandfather. Now it belongs to the company. Who can say when it began my story? I do not know. But this day I remember as the beginning of an end. It was my saint's day. I was 35 years old, a day of celebration. And I was seven months gone with my third child. And on that day I remember I had a wish. A thought so sinful, a thought so evil, that I prayed to the virgin to forgive me for it. I wished, I wished that my child would never be born. No, nothing to this world. Are you sick, mama? No, Estelita. Are you sad? Are we going to church for your confession? Late. When I see my child. Fighting again with those Anglo kids. Oh, they think they're tough.  Papa says if an Anglo makes funny, it'll let him have it.  Hold still. Does it hurt? Come the cake. Never mind the cake.  Tell him to come straight home. Trouble, Quintero. Defective hues? Well, you're all in one piece, so what's the beef? You know the beef. This new rule of yours that we work alone. We're taking it up with the super. Super's busy with your negotiating committee. So much the better. Now, wait a minute. Super's the one made the rule. He ain't going to give you no help. Well, if he wants us to go on blasting, read your contract, or get somebody to read it for you. You don't say nothing about no help. Listen, Mr. Barton, there's blood in that mine. The blood of my friends, all because they have to work alone. That's how you get splattered over the rocks when there's nobody to have to check your teeth. And nobody to warn the other men to stay clear. Warning's a shift foreman's job. Foreman wants to get the ore out. Miner wants to get his brothers out in one piece. You work alone, Savvy. You can't handle a job. I'll find someone who can. Who was cab? An American. Mama. Not to worry about the cake here. Papa, is there going to be a strike? Ramon, I don't like to bother you, but the story they say that if we don't make another payment on the ready this month, they'll come and take it away. We are only one payment behind. I argued with her. It isn't right. It isn't right, she says. Was it right that we bought this? This instrument? But you had to have it, didn't you? It was so nice to listen to. I listen to it every night when you're out of the beer partner. No money down. Easy turn payment. I tell you something, this installment plan, it's a curse of the working man. Where are you going? Gotta talk to the brothers. This water's cold again. I'm sorry the fire's gone out. Forget it. Forget it? I chubbled for the stove five times a day, every time I remember. I remember that across the cracks, the anglomiders had hot water in pipes and bathrooms, inside. Do you think I like living this way? What do you want of it? But if your union, if you're asking for better conditions, why can't you ask for decent plumbing too? We did. Got lost in the shop. What? We can't get everything at once. Right now, we have more important demands. What's more important than sanitation? Safety of the men. That's more important. Five accidents this week, all because of speed up.  You don't know what it's like up there. First, we got to get equality on the job. Then we'll work on these other things. Give it to the men. I see. The men, your strike may be for your demands, but what wives want, that comes later, always later. Now, don't you start talking against the union again. That has it got me, your union. Esperanza, have you forgotten what it was like before the union came when Estella was a baby and we couldn't even afford a doctor when she was sick? It was for our families we met in graveyards to build that union. All right, have your strike. I'll have my baby. But no hospital will take me because I'll be a strike as well. The store will cut off our credit and the kids will go hungry. We'll get behind on the payments again. Then they'll come and take away their radio. Is that all you care about? That radio? Can't you think of anything except yourself? If I think of myself, it's because you never think of me. You never think of me. Stop it. The children are watching. Stop it. The problem, it has to be taken care of. The company will always tell you those things. We know it's not safe for miners to work alone. But they don't work alone in other mines. Anglo's always working there. So why should I risk my life? Because I'm a Mexican? That's in the demands. We're negotiating. Three months of negotiations. Nothing happens. Even with brother Barnes here from the international, what have we got? No race, no senority, no safety code, nothing. Take a drink. Calmate. I say we've got to take action, now. The rest of the men feel the way you do. He talked for all of us. Did you ever stop to think maybe they watered us to strike? I don't want no strike. But we're the war boom on. Then why is the company hanging tough? They signed contracts with the other locals. Why not this one? Because most of us here are Mexican-American. Because we want equality with Anglo miners. The same pay, same conditions. Exactly. And equality's the one thing the bosses can't afford. The biggest club they have over the Anglo locals is, well, at least you get more than the Mexicans. OK. So discrimination hurts the Anglo too. But it hurts me more. And I've had enough of it. But you don't fully strike when the bosses want it, so they can smash your union. You wait till you're ready so you can win. Do the bosses wait? No sanitation. For my kids, get's sake. Do the company doctor wait? 20 bucks. So we missed one payment on the radio I bought from the weather. Does the company store wait? They always take it away. Why is the boss's store in such a hurry? They're trying to scare us, that's why. To make us afraid to move, to hang on to what we've got and like it. Well, I don't like it. And I'm not scared. And I'm fed up to hear. Hey, Ramon, who's gone? Something wrong with Mama? I thought maybe you forgot. Forgot what? It's Mama Sainte's day. He can't wait. It's my wife Sainte's day. I was going to ask you brothers, how about a manganita, huh? What time? Well, a manganita, the later the better. Antonio paid for it. Mr. Sainte never thought of me. I did forget. Luis told me. All the next week I kept thinking about my manganita. I had never had so nice a party. It was like a song running through my mind. A day dreamed to lighten the long day's work. One, two, three. We all forgot our troubles at the manganita, even Ramon. I couldn't dance that night. Not in my condition. But I wasn't really jealous when he danced with the others because it was so good just to see him smile again. And then one morning I was hanging out my wash. And while we were talking, the ladies came. They were a kind of delegation. It was about the sanitation, they said. The Anglo miners have bathrooms and hot running water. I shouldn't we. I know. I spoke to Ramon about it. Only we could go. He said they dropped it from the union demands. He is lo de siempre. We've got to make him understand. Make the man face up. Show her the sign. We'll make a lot of signs like this and we'll get all the wives together and go right up to the mine. To the mine? Sure. Whether they're negotiating in the company office will go up there and pick at the place. Then both sides will see women in business. A picket line of ladies? Sure. Why not? You can count me in. Lose. Listen, we ought to be in a woodchopper's union. Chop wood for breakfast, chop wood, wash his clothes, chop wood, eat the iron chop wood, scrub floors, chop wood, cook his dinner. And do you know what he will say when he comes home? What have you been doing all day, reading funny papers? Come on, Esperanza, how about it? We've got to. No, no. I can't. If Ramon ever found me in a picket line, he'd what, beat you? No, no. How did this happen? They wandered into a drift when that cell was blasted. I told you it would happen. It's bound to happen when a man works alone. Why did you give the man a warning signal? Your foreman said that's a foreman's job. I checked the drift just before he blasted. It was all clear. The man must have been asleep or something. You weren't even there. You were back at the station. Kalensky told me.  And no good, dirty. Hold on yourself. The man's been hurt. I'm sorry about it as you are, Savvy. Accidents are costly to everyone, but to the company most of all. I see no reason to treat the occasion like a paid holiday. Suppose we all get back to work. Martin? All right, fellas. The excitement's over. Let's get to it. What are they saying? No, Savvy. Barnes, what about it? Tell them how to get back to work. They don't work for me. I work for them.  C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C. The men held a union meeting just to make the walk out official. It didn't take them long. They voted to strike 93 to 5. And Teresa said, now was the time for us to go in. I didn't want to. I had never been to a union meeting. But the others said, one go, all go. Tenemos varios agravios hermanos y muchas demandas. Pero todo esto se puede traer a un punto básico, la igualdad. The meeting was nearly over when we came in. Charlie Vidal was making a speech. He said there was only one issue in this strike, equality. But the mine owners would stop at nothing to keep them from getting equality. He said the bosses would try to split the Anglo and Mexican-American workers and offer rewards to one man if he would sell out his brother. Hermanos, solamente hay una defensa contra de esta táctica. Y esto es unidad. La unidad de todos los hombres trabajadores. You ladies have an announcement? We have not an announcement. I guess only the ladies wanted me to. Louder! Consuelo, will you speak from over here? The ladies have been talking about sanitation. And we were thinking, if the issue is equality, like you say it is, then maybe we ought to have equality. In plumbing, too. I mean, maybe we could make it a strike to make. Some of the ladies thought it might be a good idea to have a ladies' auxiliary. Well, we'd like to help out if we can. I think I can speak for all the brothers in saying we appreciate the ladies offering to help. But it's getting late, and I suggest that we table it. The chair will entertain a motion to adjourn. I shall move. Second. All those in favor? Aye. Approach. So ordered. Why didn't you support her?  But Teresa, you can't push these things too fast. You were pushing all right, pushing us right back in our place. Why didn't you check this thing with me? It's embarrassing.  It's not a bad idea to make sanitation one of our demands. But honey, why don't you just put a sign outside? No dogs, no women allowed. So it began, much like any other strike. There would be no settlement, the company said, till the men returned to their jobs. But the back to work movement didn't work. And so the company recruited a few strike breakers from out of town. But they usually lost their nerve. And they saw the size of the picket line. The sheriff's men were always there. They stood around showing off their weapons. But the men only marched day after day, week after week. At first, it was an unwritten rule that the women stay at home. The Union gave us rations, and we had to figure out how to feed our families on them. But then one morning, Mrs. Alassar went to the picket line. Her husband had been killed in a strike many years before, and she wanted to be there. Nobody remembers just how it happened. But one day, Mrs. Alassar started marching with them, and she kept on marching with them. After a while, some of the women began to bring coffee for their husbands, and maybe a couple of tacos, because a man gets tired and hungry on picket duty. It was about that time that the Union decided maybe they'd better set up a lady's auxiliary after all. I didn't come to the lines at first. My time was near, and besides, Ramon didn't approve. But Ramon is a man who loves good coffee, and he swore that the other ladies made it taste like zinc sludge. So one day, I made the coffee. Don Pleto, haven't seen him for three days now. Listen to this. Chief Foreman come to me last night saying he'd make a shift foreman out of me. If I start back to work movement, Jenkins, why strangle along with him to Molly? I just said I couldn't lock to Molly's fine. Ha, ha, ha, ha. Those calves got thrown the other side of the hill. We chased the rest back. Recognize them? Anglos from out of town. But they're not miners, I could tell that. They don't know it's zinc from Chinola. OK, take five, get yourself a cup of coffee. Hey, Ramon, here comes the super. Well, those new fellas, you hired them out of town. We brought them up here by truck this morning. They took one look at that picket line and turned tail. They don't look so rough to me. Well, Mr. Hartwell, they've got some pretty tough hombres there, especially that picket captain there. What's his name, Ray? Raymond, something or other. Oh, yes, I know that one. That's their main picket line. They have another post on the back road, roving patrols all over the place. Go on company property. Why don't you have them thrown off? There's all company property, Mr. Hartwell. The store, the housing area, everything. Where are you going to throw them? And who does the throwing? Well, are they going to let us pass? Eventually. This is just a little ritual to impress us with their power. Now, why don't you let this gentleman pass? Don't you know who's in that car? It's the Baymaster from Mass Guy with our gold. No, no. It's the president of the company himself. Come all the way out here to make Jenkins, General Manager. So why are you acting with me? Childish. Well, they're like children in many ways. Sometimes you have to humor them. Sometimes you have to spank them. And sometimes you have to take their food away. Well, here comes the one that we're talking about. He's quite a character. Claims his grandfather once owned the land where the mine is now. Want to go up to your office, Mr. Alexander? Naturally. You think I'd park here for a cup of coffee? You're welcome to one. No, thanks. The man would like to know who this gentleman is. That's none of their affair. It's all right. It's no secret. My name's Hartwell. I'm from the company's Eastern office. You mean Delaware? No, New York. New York? You're not the company president by any chance? No. Too bad. The men have always wanted to take a look at the president. You come out here to settle the strike. Well, if that's possible. That's possible. Just negotiate. Are we talking to a union spokesman? Not exactly. But I wish he were one. He knows more about mining than those pie cards we've had to deal with. I mean it. I know your work record. You were in line for a foreman when this trouble started. Did you know that? I see you had a real future with this company. But you got those red stir you up, and now they'll sell you down the river. Why don't you wake up Ray? Huh? That's your name, isn't it, Ray? My name is Quintero. Mr. Quintero. Are you going to let us pass, or do I have to call the sheriff? There's nothing stopping you. I was wrong. They don't want Jenkins for general manager. They want me. Ah! Ah! Ah! Ah! You should have heard that, fellow. What a line. I was up for a foreman, he says. Fijate. What's the matter? It's nothing. Just a little catch. Is that, Luis? What is he doing? Playing hooky again? You, Antonio Alfello, chente, come with me. You're out to be there in the line. Expected of an angle, yes. Come on, I'm in the jail. I had to get a job. You, who the?    I know he's wrong. Just let me go. I'll leave now. Just let me go. You think I was going to work you over? I wouldn't dirty my hands on your hands. Talk with you where you slugged that fella back there. But that's a lie, I didn't. Talk to a white man. If Hansa thought she said this bullfighter was full of pepper, don't look so peppery now. Over the years, he's full of chili this morning. Likes it hot. His jiquita makes it good and hot for him, don't you want some? Sheriff, we need a doctor quick. This woman's going to have a baby. You take me for an ambulance driver? There's a company doctor. We don't have a car if you just get him. You kidding? Company doctor won't come to no picket line.  I'm not going to pick up. Oh, God. For a kid in probation, this time will never be born. I'm not going to pick up. Ah! I'm not going to pick up. I'm not going to pick up. I'm not going to pick up. I'm not going to pick up. I'm not going to pick up. One was in the hospital for a week and then in the county jail for 30 days, charged with assault and resisting arrest. But I made up my mind to postpone the christening till he got out of jail. We christened him, Juan. That night we had a double celebration. Juanita's christening, Ramon's homecoming. We put all the children to sleep in the bedroom as usual and the men took over the parlour. In usual. $5,000. That beats. $10,000. God. All right. Let's see him. Jesus, Lord. Come to papa. Hear those deputies, log-tente. Yeah. There's been lots of provocation lately. They figure if they can lock up the leadership on some phony charge, maybe they can bust the strike. Are we going to let them play poker all night? I want to dance with whose husband? With any of them. Even my own. If you dance with my husband, you'll have to put up with this. And another thing, your attitude towards Anglos, if you're going to be a leader. What attitude? You lump them all together. Anglo-workers and anglo-bosses. He's a guest in my house, isn't he? You're even suspicious of him. Maybe. I think he's got a few things to learn about our people. Go on. Well, you're the organizer.  When you figure everything the rank can pass to do down to the last detail, you don't give us anything to think about. Are you afraid we're too lazy to take initiative? You know I don't think that. Maybe not. But there's another thing, like when you came in tonight, I heard you ask your wife, who's that? His grandfather? That's Juarez, the father of Mexico.  I've never seen it fail. Try to give Ramon a friendly criticism, and he kicks you right back in your face. No, he's right. I've got a lot to learn. Now we've got that settled. Build a cart. Makes you feel any better. He's got even less use for women. What are they talking about in there? Disgusting each other's weaknesses. I didn't know they had any. Right now, Ramon's on the receiving end. If we shut out the women from the life of the union. Come on. Let's break up that game. We can't think of them just as housewives, but as partners. And we have to treat them as such. Well, look who's talking. A new world's champion of women's rights. We'll cut it out, Ruth. Me. I'm a camp follower. Following it's organizer from one mining camp to another. Montana, Colorado, Idaho. But does he ever think to organize the women? No. Wives don't count in the Anglo-Locals.  I think you're all wrong. But when Dr. Barnes here gives you his cure all for female problems. Just ask him if he's tried it at home. Hey, Esperanza. Esperanza's nursing the baby. There goes the game. Good. Consola, turn up the radio. Come on, Papa. On your feet. Drink Juanito. You'll never have it so good. He'll have it good. Someday. What were they saying about you in there? They say I'm not good to you. You are not good to me in jail. I'd line my cell and my cart and I couldn't sleep. With the bugs and the stink and the heat. And I'd say to myself, I'm not good to you. With the bugs and the stink and the heat. And I'd say to myself, think of something nice. Something beautiful. And then I'd think of you. And my heart would pound against the cart for love of you. Not just Juanito. You'll have it good too, Esperanza. We're going to win this strike. What makes you so sure? Because if we lose, we lose more than a strike. We lose the union. And the men know it. And if we win, we win more than a few demands. We win something bigger. Hope. Hope for our kids. Juanito can't grow strong on milk alone. Is this the control place? What do you want? We've got a court order. You can't come in here without a warrant. We've got the warrant too. We don't want no trouble. All we want is radio. We hate to break in on you folks like this, but this fellow in the radio store, he got himself a repossession order. Don't touch it.  We've got orders to repossess this machine. I said don't touch it. Let him take it. Over my dead body.   But it's yours. I won't let them. Can't you see they want to start a fight so they can lock you all up at one time? You thought that about it. Let's have some real music. But the strike did not end. It went on and on into the fourth month, the fifth, the sixth. The company still refused to negotiate. They tried to turn the Anglo-miners against us. They say that all Mexicans ought to be sent back where they came from. How can I go back where I come from? The check that I was born in is buried under company property. I don't know about the hotel. The bosses go back where they come from. There wouldn't be any bosses in the state of New Mexico if it did. The brother lived to see the day. Jenkins ain't no boss. You mean we're going to let people like Jenkins stay here? You can't send him back to Oklahoma. He would be in human. But I was born in Texas. Oh, no. That's even worse. And the seventh month came. We couldn't buy food at a company store. By now the strike fund was nearly gone. A few families couldn't take it any longer. And where they went, we do not know. And so it was decided by the union that hardship cases should seek work in other mines. And this was done. Strikers who found jobs divided their pay with the union so the rest of us might eat. Ramon was not a hardship case. Only three children to feed. Even so the mine owners might have started us out. Were it not for the help we got from the international in Denver and from other locals. And we, who thought no one outside our county knew of our troubles or cared if they didn't know how and we were wrong. Letters came from our own people of the Southwest. From Faraway, Butte, Chicago, Birmingham, New York, messages of solidarity and the crumpled dollar bills of working men. We women were helping and not just as cooks and cutting makers. A few of the men made jokes about it but the work had to be done so they let us stay. No one knew how great a change it was until the day of the crisis. The sheriff was smiling so we knew he brought bad news. The company had got the court injunction ordering the strikers to stop picketing. A toughed heart lay injunction, they called it. It meant heavy fines and jail sentences for the strikers if they disobeyed. A decision had to be made at once whether to obey the order or not. If we obey the court, the strike will be lost. The scabs will move in as soon as our picket line is gone. If we defy the court, our pickets will be arrested and the strike will be lost anyway. So there it is, brothers. The bosses have us coming and going. I just want to say this.  This is a democratic union. The decision is up to you. Brother Sherman. If we give up now, if we obey this rotten tap hardly, we are fools and cowards. There is only one way. Fight them. Fight them all. Come on. We don't get nothing. They'll arrest us. The men quarreled. We made brave speeches. It seemed that brother Barnes was right. The company had them coming and going. It seemed the strike was lost. Brother Sherman. If you read the courting engine carefully, you will see that the only prohibited striking miners from picketing. We women are not striking miners. We will take over your picket line. Don't laugh. We have a solution. You have none. Brother Quinteto was right when he said we'll lose 50 years of gains. He will lose his strike. Your wife and children too. But these we promise. If women take your places on the picket line, the strike will not be broken and no scabs will take your jobs. If that's a motion, only members of the union can make a motion. I so move. Second. Third the motion. The floor is open for debate. Luz asked him which was worse, to hide behind a woman's skirt or go down on his knees before the boss. Brothers, we don't count enough on our women. The bosses don't count on them at all. Will the bosses win now? Because there is no unity between the men, their wives and their sisters? Carlotta Sanchez said she didn't think picketing was proper for ladies. It wasn't nice. Maybe even a sin. And what will happen when the cops come and beat our women up? Are we going to stand there and watch them? No. We'll take over anyway. And we'll be right back where we started. Only worse. Even more humiliated. Brothers. Brothers. I beg you. Don't allow this. All the questions. All right. The questions have been called. You brothers know what you are voting on, that the sisters of the auxiliary take over the picket line. All those in favor will so signify. Brother Chairman, point of order. I don't know anything about these questions of parliament, but you men are voting on something the women are to do or not to do. So I think it's only fair if the women be allowed to vote, especially if they had to do the job. Brothers and sisters, it would be unconstitutional to permit women to vote at a union meeting. No objection. We could adjourn this meeting. No. Wait, wait. And reconvene this meeting as a community mass meeting with every adult entitled to a vote. I so move. All right. On the motion to adjourn, all those in favor will raise their hands. All those opposed. The ayes have it. Now every adult is entitled to a vote. Move on the original question. Those in favor that the sisters take over the picket line will so signify by raising their hands. All those opposed. The motion has carried the 103 to 85. And so they came, the women. They came from Sinktown and the hills beyond, from other mining camps, 10, 20, 30 miles away. Women we had never seen before, women who had nothing to do with the strike. Somehow they heard about the women's picket line and they came. And the men came too. I think they were afraid. Afraid the women wouldn't stand fast or maybe afraid they would. But not all the women went to the picket line. Somewhere forbidden by their husbands. I was one of them. It's not fair. I should be there with them. After all, I'm the one who got the women the vote. The union don't run my house.  But you don't see any of them down there. Yes, I do. There is Ruth Barnes. She's the organizer's wife. She's got to be there. No, she wants to be there. And there is Mrs. Kalinsky. There's Jenkins' wife. You don't see Harold, no picket line. Anglo-Husbands can also be backward. Can be what? Backward. Can't I even put in an appearance? With a baby in your arms? The baby likes to be walked. It helps him burp. Wait a minute.   What's all the music? They're funny. A court order. I'm not sure about that, Mr. Alexander. Better the law, you know. All that injunction says is there's no picketing by minors. Whose side are you on, anyway? Don't get excited. They'll scatter like quail. Well, let's get at it for another 100 days and show something. All right, boys. What about these? Forget it. They'll scatter like quail. Looks like you got your hands full. There's been some experience for you, huh? Yes. I guess you've got enough today to let your lifetime. I'm going back tomorrow. Listen, you might get hurt. I might. If you think I'm going to pay nursemaid to know I'm your crazy. I've had these kids all day. I've had them since they were born. I'm telling you. I don't stay home with these kids tomorrow. Okay. And tomorrow I take the kids with me to the picket line. And so I came back the next day and every day for the next month. I kept Juanita in the coffee shack and when the weather was good and there was peace on the lines I brought his crib outside. Estela played with the little ones and Luis was in school. Ramon came every day just watching. The ladies, well, they criticized Ramon for not keeping the kids. While the sheriff's men left us Ramon but then they cursed us, insulted us, called us foul names. It started again. Dear Gasegue, this time the wind was against us. We spread out as we had planned and I took the baby away from the danger as we had planned. But they couldn't break our line. They couldn't break it. I tried everything but shooting them down.  You want them all arrested? No. Just the ringleaders. The fire readers. The ones with big families. Barton, where's that boy? Hey, you. I'm going to give you a choice. You can go home or go to jail. No ifs ands or buts. Get out the picket line or get arrested. Okay, point them out. That one, Teresa Llan. She's the leader. You're under arrest. Home of the Husqa, what's the deal? Keep marching, sisters. Let's draw some discipline. Teresa, they'll charge us with resisting arrest. Keep marching, sisters. Keep marching. Mrs. Alasari, the old one. Shana Diaz, that one in the blue dress. Luis Borales, that one. Mrs. Kalinsky, the Anglo. Ruth Barn, she's the organized wife. And Lala Alvarez, the pretty one. And that one. With the baby? She's Ramon Quintero's wife. He doesn't like her being here. Don't worry about Juanito. We can take care of Stella, too. No, the baby stays with me. Who'll I shoot at? We want to use formula. You want the what? The formula. Feed him out of my own pocket. When are they going to settle this thing? You want to negotiate with them? What do you want? Company has other minds. You've got to see the larger picture. Once these people get out of hands, what have you done here? Aren't you saying enough of me? I come for my kids. They're in your jail. But you've played every trump in your hand. They're not dead yet. Not every trump. Such as what?  A what? A formula for the baby or something. His kid. Got you some milk for the baby? So what's all the belly aching about? That milk is no good.  You girls got only yourselves to blame for this. You could be back with your families in an hour. All you got to do is to sign a pledge not to go back on the picket line. Don't sign nothing for the sticker! No! You kids, get out of those baskets! It's always just to heat enough water to wash this dust. I'm telling you something. If this track is ever settled, which I doubt, I'll never go back to work for that company unless they install hot running water for us. It should have been a union demand from the beginning. You're telling me? Like Charlie Vidal says, there are two kinds of slavery. Which slavery? And the message slavery. The woman's question, he calls it. The woman's question? Yeah, the problem. What to do about it? So, what does he want to do about it? He says, give him quality. Equality is in job, equality is in home. And also, sexy quality. What do you mean, sexy quality? Sexy quality. You know, lo que es bueno para el hombre, es bueno para la mujer. He's some organizer that Charlie. He can too organize a wife right out of your home. Junior shop stewards. The what? Junior shop stewards. There's lots of ways we can help. Don't they have enough problems without them chipping you up to reform school? But you need all the help you can get. You've got a helper on the house. But you've got me doing everything. Mama never used to make me dry the dishes. You should have a helper without being asked. Four nights. Finally brought Kotli. I nearly lost my wife, Brad, yelling so much. I was just telling Kat to the baby. They're asleep. Did you have to find a place not to go back to the ticket line? No, no, we wouldn't do it.  No, no, the shapes have enough of us. We're driving crazy. We're not allowed to lose. Hi. Hi, Liz. Hello. Well? It's all set. Consola Squad can take the day off tomorrow. We're taking over. All right. We'll work it out. You and me. All right. But later, we have got a meeting now. A meeting? Yes, to plan for the ticket line tomorrow. You can sit in if you want. No, let's see. Who's available? China's husband is out of town on that delegation to see the governor. And a whole lot of men going on a fuel-hunting expedition tomorrow. 30 or 40 of them. So their wives are out too. But we can ask them to keep our kids so the rest of us can... What are we going to do about him, Esperanza? It's about time he was heartbroken. Maybe if a delegation of us talk to him, I have to work it out with him myself. He's got a friend in the Bureau of Men. You know what he says? They ain't never going to open that man up again. Oh, come on. Oh, he said the door's going out. So help me. Bulls. Lot of bulls. That's a rich mind. I know. But what's the difference? They'll never settle with us. Never. Hey! What do you know? It's him. It's him, the president. The president of the company. Let me see you there. Listen to this. Man of distinction. J. Hamilton Miller, financier. Business executive. Board chairman of Continental Factors. And president of Delaware Zinc Incorporation. Wait a minute. Wait a minute now. Some more. An enthusiastic sportsman and expert marksman. Mr. Miller manages to find time every year for an African safari. He leaves this month for Kenya, where he hopes to bag his 13th line. I'm going to frame this. Look, Ramon. Kind of look at the larger picture. So the guy's a wine hunter. What you expecting to hunt? Have it. Boil, boil. Would I like to get me some venison? I ain't taste the meat in four weeks. How about it, Ramon? Let's take off for a couple of days, huh? Why ask me? Am I running this strike? If you want permission to go over the hill, go at the lady's auxiliary. You waited up till midnight. You weren't waiting for me. That meeting only lasted 10 minutes. The first night I am home, you're on to the beer parlor. What is it? Can't you bear a sight of me? Be still. But you wanted to talk. I just can't go on living with you. Not this way. No, we can't go on this way. We can't go back to the old way either. The old way? What's your new way? What does it mean? You're right to neglect your kids? Why not? I'm not needed here. But you are needed. Especially now with most of the other men away. You are the captain of the standby squad. Sure, the standby squad. Stand by for the funeral. Who's funeral? We are doing all right. There hasn't been a scot near a picket line for three days. And you know why? Because the company knows they can starve us out. Even if it takes them another two or three months. What's it to them if the mines are down a little longer? It's a lot to them. They do anything to open that mine. Ah, they've got other mines. You don't see the larger picture. But they've got millions. Millions. They can outlast us and they know it. You mean you are ready to give up? Who said anything about giving up? I'll never go back to that company on my knees. Never. You want to go down fighting, is that it? I don't want to go down fighting. I want to win. Ramon, we are not getting weaker. We are stronger than ever before. They are getting weaker. They thought they could break our picket line and they failed. And now they can't win only if they pull up something big and pull it up fast. Like what? You don't know. It's like a lull before the storm. Charlie Vidal says? Charlie Vidal says. Don't throw Charlie Vidal up to me. Charlie is my friend. I need friends. Why are you so afraid to have me as your friend? I don't know what you're talking about. Have you learned nothing from this strike? Why are you afraid to have me at your side? Do you still think you can have dignity only if I have none? After what you've been doing? Yes, I took up dignity.   That's what they tell you. But why must you say to me, stay in your place? Do you feel better having someone lower than you?  Whose next shall I stand on to make me feel superior? And what will I have out of it? I don't want anything lower than I am. I am low enough already. I want to rise and to push everything up with me as I go. Will you be still?  Because you can't win this strike without me. You can't win anything without me. That was the thing. Never try it on me again. I'm going to bed now. Sleep well, you please. But not with me.  They ran away. Well, Ramon, it's right. I spoke out of the bitterness in me. And he was hurt. Anything worth learning is a hurt. These changes come with pain. For other husbands too. Not just Ramon. You mean you're ready to give up? You want to go down fighting, is that it? I don't want to go down fighting. I want to win. Ramon, we are not getting weaker. We are stronger than ever before. They are getting weaker. Have you learned nothing from this strike? I can feel it coming. It's like a lull before the storm. They thought they could break our picket lines and they failed. And now they can't win unless they pull off something big and pull it off fast. Esperanza, where's Ramon? Did he go hunting with the others? Where? Where can we find him, do you know? No. Dear hunters, deserters, that's what they are. Something's wrong. Charlie, tell us. The company has an eviction order. Eviction! And I'm dead. And my cousin, they can tell. Don't worry. Canterra's gone hunting with the others. Evict him first, the rest will be easy. Let their neighbors watch. It'll scare some sense into them. Do something? All right, girl, get back, get back. What are you saying? This means they have given up trying to break our picket line. Now we can all fight together. All of us. They won't listen to a man anymore. You want me to lock them up again? You want them in your lock up again? Got any more ideas? I don't make policy. I'll talk to New York. I think maybe we'd better settle this thing. We didn't know then that we had won the strike. But our hearts were full. And when Ramon said... Thanks, sisters and brothers. Esperanza, thank you for your dignity. You were right. Together we can push everything up with us as we go. Then I knew we had won something they could never take away. Something I could leave to my children and they, the salt of the earth, would inherit it.


Well, my dear students, the course is Labour Policy Pakistan and the topic is Registration of Federations of Trade Unions. Is even my section 14 ka title hai, Registration of Federation of Trade Unions, subsection one kata hai, any two or more registered trade unions may, if their respective general bodies so resolve, constitute a Federation by executing an instrument of Federation, whereas any four or more registered trade unions may constitute a Federation or Confederation and apply it to the registrar for the registration of the Federation. Now question arises what is Federation and what is Confederation, a large organization representing workers that consist of many smaller labour unions, change to win is a labour Federation representing 6 million workers and half of all union members in the country.  So my dear students, the Federation has a central activities, a head system is created and other labour unions are running for them. Now question arises what is Confederation, when a group of people or nations from an alliance it is called a Confederation. Confederation jyoti hai ye basically my dear students, it allows each member to govern itself but agreeing to work together for common causes. Confederation mein hi hota hai ke tamam labour unions azaad hoti hai aur inka koi head system ne hi hota. Sawai ye ke bo joint efforts krengi common causes ke liye. My dear students, Federation ke mutale ke batawon ke Federation has a strong central government, a Confederation is more of an agreement between separate bodies to cooperate with each other. My dear students aur Federation ya Confederation kase banti hai ye basically instruments ke jyoti, instruments se murad yaa par koi document hai, koi understanding hai, koi constitution hai. To my dear students, an instrument of Federation referred to in subsection 1 shall among other things provide for the procedures to be followed by the Federated Units. At the rights and responsibilities of the Federation and the Federated Trade Unions my dear students. My dear students jo Federation ke registration hai uski jo application hai wo shall be signed by the presidents of all the trade unions constituting the Federation or by the officers of these trade unions respectively authorized by the trade unions in this behalf and shall be accompanied by three copies of the instrument of Federation referred to in subsection 1. My dear students ye b ek law ki provien hai ke no trade union, Federation or Confederation shall be formed and registered having same similar or identical name. To my dear students hope you have understood the topic, thank you very much indeed.


Welcome folks, we at the Dow Industries finished down 163, NASDAQ went green folks, up 6 points, S&Ps almost went green, they're only down 5 right now. Just to give you an idea, okay, this is, you know, we haven't seen something like this for quite some time. The NQs were down over 500 points and so we hit 15,152 and the bottom line were at 15,601 right now. I mean, that's the type of expansion we got. So bottom line, you can expect turn around Tuesday, it's going to be really turn around Tuesday, you can expect some action on the way up. Dow, bottom line, well, yeah, let's go into the S&Ps. Let's look at the S&Ps. You know, that being said, my take is that we're still in this consolidation and we're going to see 350 in the Qs and the Qs at 380, they hit 370 today, bottom line you're going to get a nice bounce going there too. The spy, what the spy do, we did 110 million shares, you're going into 69, let's see, we didn't hit the low, it was a 107, but that being said, this also wants to bottom line make a bounce and we'll see where this bounce wants to go. Dow industrials, the Dow didn't get hurt at all, I mean, the bottom line, you know, you're down 163 points big deal, this was, it had a low though of 639, I mean, the Dow came back, that's 360, we got the Dow come back 420 points, but that's saying the Dow also, in the Dow's case, the Dow can actually go after another higher high and what will be intriguing about that is this, is that if you take a look at the last three lows, we have three, well, we have two, we have more than, we have three higher highs and we have one, two, three, four, five higher lows. So that uptrend, folks, is still in place, gold, gold contract out here, we did today, we got down to 1789, it rejected lower price, bottom line, we are out at the 1800 and we'll see how it's going to attack the next swing point of the 1833, if we take a look at King Dollar out here, King Dollar, you know, had come down hot on Friday, today, you know, we went top side, but yet, it's given back, we were at one point, we were up over the 500 ticks, right now you're up 244, come back and visit Tommy tomorrow morning, folks, he kicked us off 9 o'clock in the morning, great show, have a great one and have a safe one, oh yeah, look at him, folks.


Thank You Clay that was lovely One of my nicest qualities is that I can't quote myself, so I Thank you for doing it, and I'd like to thank also mrs. Vickers and dr. Vickers It's it's truly a privilege not to mention an adventure to be taking part in this conference From the first time I heard that you're the Dickinson had plans to hold a symposium on Theodore Roosevelt the adventurer I thought it was a brilliant idea, and as we've already seen from the speakers. We've heard so far The brilliant idea has been turned into a brilliant reality I hope I really hope that all of you are enjoying yourselves as much as I am The reason that I think a conference on Theodore Roosevelt the adventurer is a brilliant idea is that TR's sense of adventure Was one of his most characteristic characteristics Also, the subject of his one that few of us really that few of us pause to consider at any length These three days are a wonderful opportunity to do that and my guess is that they'll leave us thinking about how to make our Own lives more adventurous. I don't know about you, but I take history and biography personally I don't just want to learn the facts and the ideas when I read a history or a biography I want to learn something about human nature and human experience and to build What I learn into my own life and especially into my relations with other people I'm going to talk mostly about TR on safari, but before I do that I want to tell you a little bit about how I came to write a book focused on this period in TR's life the last 10 years of his life. I was in this book about Henry Adams and his friends called the Five of Hearts and they're a generation older than Theodore Roosevelt and He comes in and out of the book and kind of as kind of a cameo character and they treat him rather Comically, they don't take him all that Seriously, their letters are full of humorous remarks about him and one thing that stayed in my mind from It was like 15 years between the time that book was published and this book was published And all that time I kept thinking that this man was only 50 when he left the White House He loved being president. He loved having power. He was good president He's at the top of his game and all of a sudden it's over So I wondered what would happen to a man like that a man who loved power once he didn't have it anymore So this book is really my answer to that question TR gave a multitude of meanings to adventure in the word To encompass everything from a hike in the woods to hunting trips to life itself The summer before last I drove around the parts of northern France where the American Expeditionary force of World War one which included all four of his sons and one of his two sons-in-law Did most of its fighting and one of the things I sought out was the monument that the Roosevelt family put up in memory of TR's youngest son Quentin who's plane was shot down in a field nearby The monument sarcophagus like structure of stone and it has a big water basin fed by a spout Like many of the memorials put up in France after the war It was meant both to honor the war dead and to serve some useful function. This one was intended for the Coca-Cola livestock The inscription on the sarcophagus is from TR's book The Great Adventure And he said he had Quentin in mind when he wrote it Only those are fit to live who do not fear to die and none of I Who have shrunk from the joy of life and the duty of life? The joy of life and the duty of life and the courage to embrace both that was TR's notion of the supreme adventure When you think about Presidential style Adventurous is definitely a word that comes to mind other words would be energetic and active and I think his Accomplishments as president put him right up there with the other men whose faces look out from that presidential monument in my second favorite Dakota But for me The word that best defines his presidency is not adventure. It's enlargement He enlarged the role of the federal government in American life using its power as a counterweight to the power of the industrial and financial it sprung up in the Last part of the 19th century He enlarged the power of the presidency and like every successful occupant of the White House. He enlarged himself as His future nemesis Woodrow Wilson put it the president of liberty both in law and in conscience To be as big a man as he can his capacity will set the limit But in spite of all that TR achieved his president and in spite of the fact that he loved being president He occasionally chafed at the office of the office who wouldn't it's fascinating to watch him during his last year in the White House He kind of seesaws between Ringing every last drop of enjoyment out of the place and throwing himself wholeheartedly into The preparations for a grand adventure his year-long safari in Africa a Trip that he regarded as his reward for two and a half years of very hard work as a public servant So on the one hand you see him in his letters doing things to make that last year as memorable as possible Like taking a census on the White House grounds for example or making sure that he invites This or that friend for one more meal in the White House And on the other hand you see him carrying on an amazingly voluminous correspondence in connection with the safari His English friends and friends of his English Are connecting him with their friends in British East Africa and they write back Extending invitations and answering his questions about hunting and giving him all kinds of it of practical advice Be sure to have leather patches sewn on the knees of your trousers because the grasses can knife sharp Get boots with thick rubber soles because they make no noise when you're sneaking up on game He was also advised to take plenty of jam because many safari goers had experienced surprisingly strong cravings for sweets when they were out in the bush Somebody told him to order up plenty of lard and beef fat too for cooking the lean antelope and gazelles that would be served for dinner most nights People sent him all kinds of things to take along on the trip John L. Sullivan the prize fighter sent him a rabbit's foot for good luck and An American dentist who knew that stringy meat has a tendency to get caught in between the teeth sent to our supply of dental floss The letters about guns and ammunition going to and from the White House in 1998 would fill a small book And when it came to tents Frederick Sellas an English sportsman celebrated for his African hunting exploits Recommended one of green waterproof canvas with a small compartment tacked on at the back for a bathroom It also had a sort of canvas veranda out front for dining and writing. It sounded so Said that it made him feel a little effeminate You can see how that would not go down well with him Not at all like his Dakota days. He wrote sell us back then he had slept on a tarp under the stars He agreed to the luxurious tent line at real China simple aluminum or or enamel where would do for him he said The most famous thing TR took on the safari was his pigskin library With a birthday check from one of his sisters He ordered up a long list of books in compact editions and then asked his book dealer to have them taken apart and Trimmed at the margins and then rebound and pigskin He wanted the pigskin because he knew that regular cloth and board book covers wouldn't hold up as the books were bounced around in the bush He also booked dealer to have an aluminum bookcase for this custom design Make an aluminum bookcase for this custom design traveling library The case was surprisingly small just a little over two feet tall less than a foot wide and only about a few inches deep Still it was big enough for almost 60 volumes and by law the largest load a safari porter could carry was 60 pounds So the library had to be brought in at something less than that and it weighed in once it was slipped into its oil Skin case at pounds TR's sense of adventure was intellectual as well as physical and political His curiosity and his knowledge had enormous range which you can see in the pigskin library For his trip he wanted books that took time to ingest he said the works of great authenticity and Milton There were a few medieval classics few English romantic poets and three volumes complete containing the complete works of Shakespeare Up to that point. He hadn't really enjoyed Shakespeare because he didn't care for drama written in verse But for safari purge art in Shakespeare as a kind of emergency ration the largest amount of sustenance in the smallest possible space He said took along a bit of history and for fun There was fiction Brett Hart Mark Twain James Fenner more Coopers or Walter Scott Zachary and Dickens TR could hold his own against a battalion of English professors in any poetry quoting contest and most of the books in the pigskin Library he had read before some of them more than once His excitement about the safari comes through in his letters again and again He could just hardly wait for that trip to start six months before he leaves the White House He's writing one of his hosts out there by George. I am red hot to get out now And can't you just hear him say that maybe maybe clay will deliver that line in his best Rooseveltian manner later on He was eager for the adventure and eager to get past the dull presidential campaign then underway His hand-picked successor William Howard Taft was a thoroughly lovable fellow, but had died on the campaign trail Taft's opponent William Jennings Bryan had more spark But the two of them were arguing about who would be the better steward of the progressive legacy begun by TR The voters went with TR's pick TR originally conceived of the safari as a relatively straightforward hunting trip with his son Kermit But as his plans took shape they grew larger and larger Why not make it a scientific expedition as well and take along some naturalists from the Smithsonian? He wondered and why not pay for it by writing magazine pieces as he went and wouldn't be a good idea to stay away So that Taft could have the stage all to himself and become president in his own way TR paid his expenses and Kermits But he persuaded the Smithsonian to sponsor the trip and fund the work of three naturalists with money from private donors Scribner's a classy months Published that published the likes of Henry James and Edith Wharton offered to him a whopping $50,000 for a dozen articles which would be published first in the magazine and then as a book