All right, we're going to get started. Thank you so much everyone for joining. We hope to be an incredible session. My name is Tiffany Thompson. I am Senior Director of Global Partnerships and Equity at Echoing Green. For those of you who do not know about Echoing Green, we are an early stage social innovation organization. And for over 30 years, we have been a leader in finding and supporting transformational leaders like Brandon and Charlotte here who are at early stage and we invest deeply in their growth of their ideas and their leadership as they tackle some of the world's biggest problems. Really what we do best is build community. We build community with folks who are committed to building a dynamic ecosystem. And we support our fellows in their work now and long into the future. And as we think about this work today situated not only in this country in the United States but globally, there is a new conversation about what it means to innovate for black futures. Something that is not foreign to the United States and something that's not foreign to the continent. We stand on the shoulders of giants like Elijah McCoy, Madame T.J. Walker, Garrett A. Morgan, Bell Hooks, Kimberly Crenshaw, just to name a few. And I am in front of what I believe to be three future ancestors who will be long, long remembered for their tireless work and communities that they call home. So it is my pleasure to be in conversation with these three brilliant leaders today and for you to hear from them about the work that they do, what brings them to this work. And as we long sit here on the heels and in the middle of a global pandemic in the middle of a country and a world beginning to reckon or continue to reckon with the ways in which race plays a part in all aspects of our lives. We'll dive into a conversation around what it means to be black leaders doing this work and not only in this United States context but outside of the United States where we know that anti-blackness is rooted in all things. And it continues to show up for leaders like the ones on the screen. But there's power within these communities. There is brilliance, there's abundance. And there's a lot of navigation that must be required for those that look like Kelly, Charlotte and Brandon as they do their work fighting for and with black folks navigating a very biased philanthropic space. So I really am excited for this conversation. I just want to begin with a few introductions from our folks really leaning into a question around this notion of black genius. Many folks on this call, we all know that black leaders like I just said, have always had the ideas and the innovations to reimagine and build the justice system and world for all, right? And many of us on the screen, this work is personal. The black folks, we come to this work from a deep personal perspective of our people, our community and that drives us to do this work every single day. So as you introduce yourself, tell us about who you are, the organization that you work for and was there a leader or a movement or a blueprint that inspired your organization's vision? So I'll start with you, Charlotte. Thank you, Tiffany. Hello everyone. My name is Charlotte Magai. I'm from Kenya, I'm an environmentalist. So I run a company called the Corupistos and we recycle waste metal and use that to manufacture clean cook stoves and then we partner with local women business owners to distribute our stoves to the last mile. And someone I am, I was inspired by and still am inspired by is Wangari Mathai. She was a human rights and environmental activist. She founded the Greenbelt Movement. And apart from this fact that she was the first woman, black woman in East Africa to receive a Nobel Peace Prize, what she did with her movement was enable women to plant trees and basically fight for their human rights, fights for their rights to get to work. And even after she died, our work continued to carry on. And part of that is seen in the kind of work that we do as in Koroa, we partner with women to kind of empower them to increase their household income and be empowered to make decisions for themselves. I'm happy to be here. Thank you so much, Charlotte. I'll pass it to Kelly. Thanks, Tiffany. Hello, Charlotte. Hey, Brandon. Hey, everybody who is joining us for this session. I'm so excited about the conversation. I'm Kelly Burton and I am the executive director of the Black Innovation Alliance. It's a national coalition of innovator support organizations that exists to support small and medium-sized business owners, tech founders, and creative technologists. Currently, there are 65 organizations that are under the umbrella of BIA and they support upwards of 300,000 entrepreneurs and innovators of color across the country. And this is such a great question. And there are so many heroes and sheroes, right, who have contributed to our story. But one that comes to mind specifically for our work with Black Innovation Alliance is Walter White. And Walter White was an early executive secretary of the NAACP in the early 1900s, all the way up to, I think, 1940s, 1950s. And when we think about the civil rights are struggled, Black folks struggle in this country, that's like a lost era. It's like, Civil War, civil rights, nothing happened between the two. And it's like, no, there's a lot that happened. There were so many battles that were fought in one. And a lot of it advanced by the NAACP and what I really appreciated about Walter White's leadership was it was also strategic and it was also tactical. They didn't leave a whole lot to chance. Like they came buttoned up and our work with BIA, that's really what we wanna bring, like the strategy, the tactics, the intentionality, the focus, the synergies. So that we're able to go further faster. Thank you so much for that, Kelly. And last but not least, we'll throw it to Brandon Anderson. Thank you.  I really appreciate it. My name is Brandon Anderson. I am talking to you from Aloni Land, otherwise known as Oakland, California. And a person who inspired me is not a well-known person, but he was the most important person to me in my life was my life partner. And who inspired me and catapulted me on this work. I often tell the story of what it meant to first fall in love with my life partner. And that was probably the most inspirational, the most inspirational moment of my life that continues to play back. I fell in love for the very first time when I was 15 years old to this tall, skinny, big-headed black boy I first met in third grade English class. I joke about this, but so true, like I didn't even mean to fall in love with this dude when I was 16, 17 years old. It was like falling asleep in class. It's like the thing you don't really mean to do, but you just end up waking up and you're like, I did it. And in 2007, my fiance and life partner was killed by police during a routine traffic stop. His love was radical, unapologetic, and it continues to change my life in so many ways. And so it catapulted me into the work I do now. I founded Rahim in memory of my partner. Rahim is the first and only independent service for reporting police in the United States since 2017. And we're known for two things. We've been known for running a website that makes it easy and safe for victims to report police violence and get access to resources for justice in Healy. And because the person, police officer who killed my partner, the police department made it such a difficult time in reporting cops. By design, the second thing we are known for is we have collected reports about how police behave now in more than 250 cities in the United States and have developed one of the largest police data sets, excuse me, data sets on the performance of police in the United States. And that has led us to also examine how we can deliver need and aid to communities in need. And so we are building an alternative dispatching system to 911 to end the existence of police by 2030 in the United States. Happy to get into that. Thank you so much to Brandon, Charlotte and Kelly for leading us off in a space of inspiration, humility and really vulnerability. A part of this conversation is rooted in like inspiration that brings us to this table, right? We come to this work with a moral obligation for all of us to work for and with our people. But alongside of that comes a lot of disparities as we as Black folks drive innovation ventures throughout a really biased philanthropic space. In 2020, Echo and Green released a report alongside the Bridge Grand Group that demonstrated this very same notion that revenues of the Black Lit organizations within our portfolio had 24% smaller revenues than their White Lit counterparts. And when we looked at unrestricted asset nets, it was the assets of Black Lit organizations were 76% smaller than White Lit organizations. We know that this type of funding, particularly unrestricted funding is often a proxy for trust. And this funding assumes that the donor does not trust the leader to use the funds in the way that they will achieve the greatest impact. And when funders put larger restrictions on funding that is often a proxy, like I said, for lack of trust. So when we think about the work that you guys are doing in your communities, it's much more than that, right? There's abundance and joy in our communities. There is brilliance and activism and community organizing happening. But oftentimes when we step into the room fighting for the people in which we love, there's deficit frameworks in that. There's a particular notion to what a Black leader should look like. So when you enter into these rooms, particularly in this moment now where folks are beginning to care out loud for Black people, what do you think is left on the table when you're continuing to navigate the space, understanding the bias that is continuing to happen for people that look like you? And what can we talk about in terms of what is left behind? What is the brilliance that is left on the table when we don't fund Charlotte, when we don't fund Kelly and we don't fund Brandon at the same equitable rate that our White counterparts are funded? I'll throw it to you, Kelly, for it. Oh, Brandon, I see you on mute and go right ahead. Yeah, what are we leaving on the table? That's a hard question, but an easy question in so many ways. Is an easy question because I've often been the person left at the table, right? And it's a hard question because I try not to think about all that has lost in between that time because otherwise I'm overwhelmed with my work. And the barriers to get there. But I am reminded of somebody in my life who challenges me on a daily basis. And it's my younger sister. And when I think of her, I think of this quote, she ain't got kids, but I think of this quote often. Another friend of mine said is that it's nothing more innovative than a black woman raising six kids on $18,000 a year. And me and my sister were one of those six kids. And I just see so much innovation in my sister on a daily basis. My sister is 31 and she was 28 when she was first diagnosed with breast cancer. And when she first got diagnosed with breast cancer, I paused my work, I flew to New York for a few weeks and I made sure she was taken care of during her surgery that when she had a chemotherapy session, people were present with her. And about a year ago, I got a call from her and said, hey Brandon, I wanna pick a bone. We from the country, I don't know where y'all from, but we from Oklahoma. And picking a bone means basically like I have something I wanna talk to you about that I've been mulling over. And this conversation said, she said, hey, I wanted you to stop everything you were doing. I wanted you to stop your, I wanted you to put your relationship on pause. I wanted you to quit your job. I wanted you to break your lease and pick your entire life up and move it from Oakland, California to New York City where I am a single woman living by myself away from all of our family. And I need you to be here. I needed you to be here until I no longer needed you. That was really a hard pill for me to swallow and I talk a lot of stuff over with my best friend and I asked him and he said, it sounded unreasonable. You know, did that sound unreasonable? And I'm reminded of that term a lot. Did that sound unreasonable? And it caught me just like that. Was that reasonable? And I'm an abolitionist and so I'm often fed that line often, is that a reasonable thing to do? Should we reasonably negotiate our conflict with care and not violence instead of police? Is that a reasonable thing we can ever achieve? I'm often asked. And so after further reflection on that, I asked my sister, why did you wait so long to tell me about what was going on? And she was like, I'm a black woman. I've lived my entire life needing to shrink the smallest in every room throughout every one of my relationships. I didn't know how to ask you for what I wanted. And that was about a year ago and so much healing has happened since then. I think that when you, what we leave on the table is when we don't invest in people like my sister and people like the beautiful black woman on this call, you get reasonable solutions. You get solutions that seem reasonable but don't necessarily address the real need. And my sister kept asking me, I'm really glad my sister stopped asking me about what was asking me for, what was reasonable, and she started asking me for what she needed to heal. I think that the black people on this call and the black people who are doing this work are not asking for what's reasonable any longer. And so what's being left on the table is reasonable solutions. Excuse me, what's being left on the table is unreasonable solutions to problems that apply to black communities due to anti-blackness and the conflict that oftentimes we spoke at the table or the table itself is created. And so I think if anything, I'd say that's something that's certainly not on the table. I love the concept of a reasonable and having to justify it in a frame that has often wanted us to minimize. Opening it up for Kelly or Charlotte for any further reflections on that point as well. Yeah, you know, I think about James McCune Smith who was the first university-trained black physician in the early 1800s and how he literally had to go to Glasgow to get trained because no American university would accept him despite the fact that he was brilliant. We came back from Glasgow, one of the first university-trained statisticians in the Western Hemisphere and could not get a job and had to open up a small practice and close out his career working in a foster home. One of those brilliant minds in the Western Hemisphere could not get a university position, right? I think about Pauli Murray who essentially wrote the Bible, they call it the Bible of economic, the piece of research that Thurgood Marshall used when they essentially argued Brown versus Board of Education was written by a black woman, Pauli Murray, who was ivy league-trained and could not get a job as a law clerk. So we are born with equal measures of genius. Just because black folks don't get the opportunity to display and demonstrate our genius in the ways that our white counterparts and other people of color do because let's be clear, there is a social hierarchy, there is a caste system in this country and black people are on the bottom. White folks are on the top and everybody else is mixed up in there somewhere in between, right? And so if we see disparities, if we see differences in performance, it's not because the potential is not equal. The potential is there, the opportunity is missing. So in terms of what we forego, yes, it's what we forego as a black, what is foregone as a black community, but it's really what is foregone as a global society? Because what could James McHugh and Smith had done if he had the resources to really carry forward his genius and to contribute in the ways in which he was capable? What is society foregone? What cures did we not get an opportunity to access? What research has never gotten done? One thing that we know about markets when they are closed, when they're protected, when there's limited competition, there's underperformance. And what we have seen in this society is a protected economy where black folks are always the last to get hired, the first to get fired. And certain classes are protected, white men in large part are protected. There's been a protectionism that has been created where white men were filtered up to leadership and white women in the secretarial roles and black people, the menial roles. And again, everybody else filtered somewhere in between. It wasn't based on ability, it was based on past. And we have to appreciate and understand that. So the loss is not just for black people, the loss is for global society, it's for the world. Unless we get it right, we're gonna continue to retard our growth, our evolution as a global society. Love that. And I mean, that's such a great segue to Charlotte who sits in Kenya, who has a perspective of sitting on the continent doing this work that oftentimes the conversation of anti-blackness does not get to the continent. They don't see it in that frame, right? But Charlotte sits squarely in that. So we'd love to hear some reflections on you as well, Charlotte. I think I was very excited to go on after Kelly because when she was speaking, I think about what Brian said about reasonable solutions and what happens is when we do not get the resources or the financing that we need to work on unreasonable solutions, which is what would solve the problems, we end up working under these people who are funded to accelerate the distribution of reasonable solutions that then ends up putting us back in the circle. Like it's a 360 time because we're back to the same problem. We didn't solve it because we tried to use a very reasonable solution that was never meant for the problem in the first place. And we see that with a lot of brilliant black, especially female founders here in Kenya or around East Africa who are just, they're just so smart, they're just so eloquent. They speak like Kelly. And what happens is they're gonna start a company. It is brilliant. There's just one radical thing about it. Their business model works with women who a funder is going to assume it's too hard to reach so they don't wanna fund that. So they end up becoming an operations manager in an organization that has the same solution minus that radical change. So that is something that I just thought about right now when Kelly was talking and it scared me a little bit to think that I have had that information but it's never registered until now. No, thank you for that. I mean, what we're talking about here is power, right? And Dr. King once said, power is the ability to achieve a purpose. Whether or not it is good or bad depends on the purpose. And often we see power at work in very direct and obvious ways. And at the same time, power operates in less obvious ways, even in hidden ways through cultural norms, ideas and practices that perpetuate existing power relations that discourage questions about the challenges to that power relation. So as marginalized folks given the context of colonialism, white supremacy and all the things that impact our communities but also folks who are rooted in brilliance and joy and humility, how can we preserve ownership and representation within these spaces as we drive our innovative solutions when institutions work to erase that? What are the tools that you walk into rooms while navigating this space to own your work, to own the funding that supports that innovative support while combating this particular space when they are trying to erase your power, trying to erase your approach and your work? Whoever wants to go first, don't jump at once. Okay, I'm gonna go fast in some other need anymore. I think it would help if some black founders learnt not to give up a piece of the pie too fast, especially early on when you're really desperate for someone to finance you and you're ready for them to come on board. You know, you're happy, they've bought into your idea. The keyword for tonight for me would be reasonable again or rather unreasonable. And what that does for you is basically a seduction. Someone talking to you about what you could do if you just turn it down a little bit so that it fits everybody's, I guess, like requirements so you're able to get the partners that you need. So it waters down the impact that you are going to create. So my advice is to really hold on to that entire pie until you really have to give it out. And when you have the power to give it out with your own terms. I think every time an investor has done due diligence on my business and they see that I've stayed with me, maintain 100% ownership, if it's a black woman they always notice and they applaud me for it.  I applaud you for that because these are chances they do due diligence on so many organizations. They've seen that the people who gave out too much power too soon lost out on the authenticity of their movements. So my advice is to just hold on to it. It's really hard, especially because we have to struggle. We're always competing with each other to get financing that some of our counterparts don't even have to compete for they just have to say hello to the right person. So try as much as possible and getting onto programs like Echoing Green that just really remind you of who you are, of what you're trying to do and why you need to keep sticking to it. So hold on to that pie and it's really time to let it go and it's for good, I guess, reasonable terms. I absolutely love that. And Charlotte, I mean, I'm uncertain where you are in your entrepreneurial journey, like in where I am, but I wish you would have told me that so much earlier or that I had to learn that so much earlier. Something that really stuck with me and that Tiffany was saying is about how power can be used whether good or bad, like power is used to achieve a particular aim. And oftentimes that power is used and it encourages you to not think about the way that power is used against you, so much so that you can interrogate it to some degree. And so it doesn't give you that space or the opportunity to even reflect on how that power is consuming your life or the life of your loved ones. And I often think about like how police do that, but I thought also about like how capitalism can do that because we are, you know, we're this, you mean really to bring this to bear, like we're having conversations about, you know, raising money from foundations that generally are housing money that's been given to them to manage or to distribute by multi-million or billionaires who have no doubt reached that level of financial stability due to the grave and massive levels of exploiting black labor because that's what white supremacy is. The purpose of it is to maximize the utility of the nigger and insert the nigger can be anybody. It can be the black person at the very bottom of the poll like Kelly said, or any other nigger in between even when they, you know, even when you white, and you pour on me to some degree. I think that the idea here is like what sort of tools have I been able to use? I can just give you some insight from my perspective. My relationship with funders generally, there are a couple of things just getting down to practicality that I just, I think are important when you are a funder, a founder, I mean, when you are a founder and executive director talking to foundations or major individual donors. And when you're talking with a foundation it's important to set a timeline. For me, foundations take incredibly just way too long like being killed by the police is the sixth leading cause of death for young black men in America. They are killed less than every 24 hours. I don't have 18 months to wait on you to negotiate whether you can deliver a $250,000 grant, right? And so what I, yeah, and that's still not enough. And so what I've done is I put together these funding salons that take place. And in order, and so we're building an alternative dispatching system to 911, we will give the funders who want to be a part of that, we will share with them 80% of what they need to know and learn before they get in the room, right? So whatever questions or any things that they have that they want to know about, we can get them that. They have to come to the funding salon. It's an, in this case, it's a virtual invite only 15 funder cap. When it gets out of this pandemic we'll broaden it, we'll widen it to in person every quarter. But the goal is we have four of those a year. We're gonna cap it at 15 funders a quarter. We'll teach you 80% of what you need to know before you get in the room or the virtual session. 20% of it will be talked about from the team in the virtual, the 90 minute virtual funding salon. And then you will only be able to join if you can commit to funding or excuse me making a funding decision, making a decision, a commitment or a no, whatever it is, a final decision within 90 days from the date of that funding salon. So foundations every quarter have an opportunity at 15 at a time to get, to invest in Rahim and this opportunity, but they have to make a decision before the next funding salon. And that's an opportunity, that's really like a, have you ever seen like those? Anyways, I watched a bunch of cinema. So I'm gonna say that I was like, cause they all probably like, they probably, everybody gonna probably like, no, but 300 is a really old, old movie. And it's a fairly violent movie. And so it's fair if you've never seen it, you're not missing a lot, but in 300, they had this space where they kind of like, the whole idea of 300 was that they were able to beat the, you know, not beat, but come close to beating much of the Greeks because they were able to use their numbers for them and work in the space they were in. And so we're, I'm just trying to create like a space that is like the idea is to create an exclusive space where you get to make the rules and funders have to listen to you. Like that's flat out, like, it's no secret. You have to be the driving decision maker because like funders are just managing billionaires' money, trying to offload it to avoid taxes. And you're trying to, like, I don't know, save millions of lives with whatever technology or whatever solution you're building. And like, it's just not the same. So I feel like founders slash executive directors should really be in that driver's seat when it comes to that timeline. Thank you so much, Brandon. Kelly, if you have anything, we can pass it. Okay. You're like, nope, you said all the things. I'm very conscious of time. I want to just maybe toss out. I have two more questions, but also want to be mindful of anyone that has a question in the chat. Marissa, I do see your question, so I will get to that. I want to leave sort of lean us into, what does it look like to pay me in equity, right? Like, what is that future that you are building for Black folks, whether it's through the economy or the community? And what do you need? What is the money monitoring that you need to get to the future that you dream of? Far too often, I was in a room with one of our fellows, no, with the Lord Theresa Hodge that told me, co-founder of R3Score, that told me that for the first time and over her, I don't know, five, seven year journey of being an entrepreneur, somebody finally asked her, what do you need? And have we as Black folks have the ability to say, this is what I need and I need it now? What do you need, Brandon? What do you need, Charlotte? What do you need, Kelly, to build that future that we so imagine and dream of? And what do you hope to leave these folks leave this room with, knowing that you need that work? What is the door that they have to open up for you? What is the door that they have? What is the email that they need to send on behalf of people that look like you? What is the inequitable practices that need to be stopped? What is it that you need to do your work? I'm gonna give it to Kelly. Chris. You know, at the Black Innovation Alliance, our goal is to bring 500 organizations under the umbrella of BIA, support one million innovators of color across the country and direct one billion dollars of investment to the ecosystem that exists to support Black entrepreneurs and innovators. So that's what we tell folks we need. That's absolutely what we believe we need. But you know, there's a scripture, there are several scriptures in the Bible that talk about the Holy Spirit intervening for us because we don't know what we need. And that's the truth, right? Sometimes I just got the call on the Holy Ghost, like Holy Ghost help me out because I'm probably low balling over here. And Black folks have been so used to stripping and scraping and being resourceful because we got two nickels to run, they grub together and we got to save all the people for all the things, right? And so it forces us to really sometimes not even know how much is necessary in order for us to move the needle. So that's kind of where we are.  We could do a whole lot with that big number but chances are we don't even have a clue because what we have been given access to is so limited in light of what is necessary in order to correct what has been broken, right? Talk about inclusion, black inclusion, black inclusion for the last 20 years, exclusion for the last 400. I mean, literally, like, how do you fight black, right, black exclusion for hundreds of years and then be fatigued when we've talked about it for a good 18 months? Like, and that's what we're trying to unpack. That's what we're trying to figure out. So I say, one of the things we absolutely need is we need funders to invest in creating space to allow black people to dream, give us resources to heal, give us resources to be together, to love on each other, to be in community, right? That's what we need. Because we would love to create the next scooter but we can't think about creating the next scooter because we're trying to figure out how we ensure that black men don't get shot down in the midst of a traffic stop. So all of our brain space is occupied solving social issues. We like to play too. But we don't have to wear with all the play because we have to fix stuff that's been broken by folks who don't look like us. I love that you said that and then muted yourself, okay? That was typical black woman comment. That was Charlotte, I see you muted yourself. Go right ahead. I think she just did a mic drop on us, but because what happens is she just said that she doesn't know what she needs and for me I would say because I'm not asked that question often, I would throw it back to the people I'm trying to look for financing for. Like what do you really need? Because they say they want impact, they want a financial return and you promise that and they still don't give you what you're saying you need. So my question to them is what do you really need? Because if financial return or social impact is what you're looking for from a black female founder in Africa, then I would suggest you trust female black founders, like give us the resources that we need. Take a bit of a step back and then watch us give you what you need. If it is really what you need, because sometimes I'm suspecting that it's not exactly what you're saying because we're giving you the right numbers. We're telling you this is what we're going to achieve. And if I'm communicating that in five years, if I'm able to distribute 500,000 clean cookstops to Loyka, then I will enable these families to save $50 million in fuel consumption costs. That is your impact. So why am I struggling to raise money? So I'm trying to understand what are you looking for? Cause I feel like what I think you're looking for is not right and we need to kind of communicate on that and figure out what each of us need and see if there is even a fit for us to work together. But my thing is trust female black founders in Africa. We do not want to work behind other founders who've come to solve problems that we've already been solving without any help. We don't want to work for them. We want to solve our own problems. We have the brains to do it. We have the passion to do it. We just need a bit of resource here and there. And for the longest time we've thought that our visuals are aligned, but if they aren't, then really tell us what you need as a founder. Amen. I love that. Just amen. Yeah. Amen to that. Amen to that. Brandon, you got less than a minute and a half. I, okay, I'll make that quick. The question about what we need to fund an alternative dispatching system to 911, we're raising $5 million to do it and we've raised two and a half already. We need another two and a half million dollars by the end of next year in order to build the technical and organizational infrastructure for a world without police. And that includes when I say technical infrastructure, I mean a dispatching system that will dispatch the already pre-existing life-affirming services and organizations delivering those services across the country, but that currently operate outside of the dispatching system because of politics, police unions and policies that prohibit it. And so they are already working to deliver life-affirming services to communities. They are only using a 10-digit local phone number. These organizations are either county or institutionally funded. They are delivering mental health care, domestic violence care. They're responding to quality of life infractions.  These organizations are responding to homelessness. These are organizations that are truly meeting the needs of community and meeting conflict with care instead of violence. And we believe that they require more technical infrastructure. And by organizational infrastructure, we are going to fund these organizations. Right now, there's a certain number of mobile crisis teams in the United States. We want to triple that number from 50 to 150. And by 2030, we want more than 20,000 safety teams that are delivering life-affirming services in lieu of 911 and the police. So in order to do that, we need $5 million to run a pilot because California is going to be the first state we take over. And then the second thing we need is, I'm looking for someone who, I need to talk to people about boards. We're looking to fill one last board seat and there's that. So I'm looking for a treasurer. That's a very specific thing that I need is a treasurer for the board.  Thank you so much to Brandon, Kelly and Charlotte for sharing their brilliance today with us. There's never enough time to be in community with you all. Can you quickly in the chat, Brandon, Kelly and Charlotte, put your contact information. I know folks want to learn more about your work with where they can reach you. We'll drop that in the chat. And Marisa, I do see a question around de-risking. I want to turn the question back on you and the rest of the audience is, whose job is it to name risk? Is the risk the investment in black folks? Is the risk taking money from organizations that align with our values? And why does philanthropy find it risky to invest in folks that are building solutions that shouldn't even be something that shouldn't even be reasonable, that shouldn't even be the thing, right? Like who is defining that? So I'll leave you with that conversation around, let's rename what we call risk and let's uplift what we call trust. Because I'm reading a book by the autobiography of Asada. And I'll leave you guys with this. She talks about trust. Look, I'm gonna lose it in my time. But what we wanted to do today was we wanted to believe in living. We wanted to believe in birth. And we wanted to believe in the sweet love and in the fire of truth. As black folks, we continue to sit in our truths, no matter what. We leave you guys hopefully inspired to support these three brilliant leaders. And to make a difference in the rooms that you go into because you don't step in there alone. I'm gonna ask that you step in there with Brandon in mind, you step in there with Charlotte in mind and you step in there with Kelly in mind because they step in for communities that look like them. So I hope you do the same too. Thank you all. Thanks everybody. Yes, thank y'all. Oh, beautiful. Thank y'all.


This is running absolutely parallel to Darwin's theory of evolution. This is fifteen thousand years ago. Evolutionary memory is deciding that you only take human form. So he looked into his evolutionary memory and he says, first we have a fish, he even mentions this. Unless there is some significant change in the solar system, you cannot evolve physically. Charles Darwin, hundred and fifty-two years ago, he was born two hundred years ago, but when he was fifty-two, he propounded his theory of evolution. Fifteen thousand years ago, Adiyogi said this, I want you to look at this carefully, if you know, you know something about Darwin's theory of evolution? No, just about the fact that you were a monkey, not just that. Something more, that one knowledge is good, but Adiyogi said the first form of life on this planet was in water. Well, you have heard about this in so many different ways. People told you there are nine avatars. Yes? Can you tell me what are the nine avatars? Machhiavatar? No, no, don't jump. Kurma-Authar, Varaha, no, no, no. Narasimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Krishna, Buddha, nine. Now, you must understand this, right now people have started looking at these names as people. Look at them as qualities. First form of life was fish. Darwin also agrees, it was in the water. Second development on the planet is amphibious life, Kurma-Authara. Half in the water started picnicking on the land. Then many other creatures in between, but the next significant life is mammalian life. Among the mammals, the first one is the boar. Even today, you will see, you have wild boar in Rajasthan. Wild boar or a pig is the most physical animal of all the animals you will find.  Where we are, we are next to the rainforest. There are tribal villages.  I'm saying school boys with a stick, that's how other mammals are made.  But this is not the way a wild boar is. It doesn't die easily because it's so rooted in its physicality.  Because pig represents excessive physicality. So the first mammal he is describing is a boar or a pig. What is next? Narasimha, half-man, half-animal. Next is Vamana, a dwarf man. Next is a full-fledged man who is Parashurama but emotionally volatile.  Next is Rama, a peaceful man. Next is Krishna, a loving man. Next is Buddha, a meditative man. Next is supposed to be a mystical man. Everybody's claiming it's me, it's me, it's me. You need to understand these are not people. Those people are representative of those qualities that we're talking about. So life evolved like this. This is running, believe me, this is running absolutely parallel to Darwin's theory of evolution. This is fifteen thousand years ago. This he did not go to Galapagos Islands and put things under microscope and look. He sat there with his eyes closed and saw that if you go deep enough into this, there is an evolutionary memory in this.  Yes?   Why this is happening is, there is something called as evolutionary memory and genetic memory here.  And there is genetic memory which clearly says, this is a woman's body, eat whatever you want, this will only become a woman, not a man. Because the genetic memory is intact, why people are fighting against genetic engineering is because of this, once you meddle the plants and then the animals, then it'll come to you. Then you don't know, if they do some mistake, you will become half-man, half-animal once again. We don't know what will happen. So that is the resistance for genetic engineering because once you start meddling with the basic material, you don't know what'll happen because we've not figured it completely. So he looked into his evolutionary memory and he says, first we were fish, then we were this, this, this, all the nine things and now you're here. Now that you're here, you've taken on this human form. If you want to evolve from here, you can only consciously evolve.  For this, there is an entire mathematics as to why your physical evolution is over. There are many, many aspects of it, I will not go into the mathematics because a few ladies just took their head, no we don't want mathematics. But there is no mysticism without mathematics. To put it very simply, the nature of who you are right now is a consequence, a complex amalgamation of memory, of variety of memories that you have. You have this kind of body because of evolutionary and genetic memory. You like this, you dislike that because of various levels of unconscious, subconscious, karmic and other types of memory. You have no control over it, what you like and what you dislike most of the time. You will have to strive hard to rise about that because memory is determining everything about you. So when we say evolution, in a way we are talking about the play of memory and the building of experience and growing into various levels.  The only thing is your physical body is not designed to change anymore because with this solar system, he even mentions this, unless there is some significant change in the solar system, you cannot evolve physically. They naturally asked, you have grasped so much but our brains are struggling. Can we grow this a little bit? He said no in a different way. But today modern neuroscientists are saying this. Your brain consumes twenty percent of the energy generated in this body, though it is only this much, I'm sorry, I'm showing it too small, okay, though it is only this much and it is lightweight because mostly it's air, in spite of that it consumes twenty percent of the energy generated in your body. The rest of the body, so much consumes remaining eighty percent. So if you want to increase your intelligence whatever, if you increase the size of the brain, the amount of power needed for that body cannot provide. So you cannot increase the size of your brain. Another way of making this happen is you can pack more neurons into the same size than you may have sparkling intelligence, but there will be enormous cross connections and confusion all the time and you will become super restless.  Now immediately you take them to a doctor, they will give them one of the three alphabets ADD, ADY, XYZ, something something, MNOP, no, you should not start medication. What you need to do is, if you have a child like that, you must take time, make them walk in the nature, take them for three day trek in the desert, go and swim somewhere, cause them to niche nature and lots of physical activity. The body will manage itself, it will eliminate the extra neurons that are there and come to its own balance. If you medicate, you must understand any medicine that you take has no intelligence to go to a specific place, it goes everywhere.  So he offered this dimension that if you're willing to strive, you can transcend all limitations. Whatever the limits nature has set for us, every one of those things can be crossed if only you're willing to strive. This is what Adiyogi conveyed to them and then started giving out methods how to transcend their present limitations. People just believe this is how we are, even now, right? This is how we are. No, no, no, this is not how you are. Unfortunately, this is how you made yourself to be. But you can also make yourself to be more and more and more in many different ways.  Hello? Lot of horrible people.  You can make yourself wonderful, you can make yourself horrible, isn't it? So you can be in limitations, you can be beyond limitations. So for the first time he brought this to humanity and then he spoke about how every creature on this planet has evolved beyond its own limitations with striving over a period of time. Or in other words, he propounded the theory of evolution fifteen thousand years ago.


Studying Romeo and Juliet, let's discuss the exchange between Romeo and the nurse when they decide how Romeo and Juliet are going to get married. In Act 2 scene 4, the nurse, as you can see here, speaks in prose. This is the opposite of verse. Shakespeare used prose for the lower class characters in his plays. The nurse talks of my mistress referring to Juliet. Now the literation here shows she's worried that Romeo's intentions might not be pure. The repetition of Lord Lord shows she'd be really horrified if Romeo were to take Juliet's virginity and her purity and his intentions were not pure. She then tells Romeo there's a nobleman called Paris. Now the nouns here show that Romeo has competition but also it shows that Juliet is of a high social status. She can marry well. The nurse admits I anger her. Now the pronouns I and her basically are showing that the nurse sometimes gets Juliet annoyed by saying that marrying Paris is a better option. She notes Juliet looks as pale as any cloud and that this simile shows that Juliet is really lovesick. Romeo brushes off her concerns. He says, commend me to that lady. Now this imperative sentence is basically saying, tell Juliet I'm still waiting to marry her.


anything to make me leave them and talk to him. He'd blow up my phone while I was at dinner, if I didn't respond he'd call me awful things just to bait me into giving him attention. Even on prom night he tried convincing me to stay home and when I didn't comply he went silent which worried me to death. Illimation has been extremely brave with sharing her story about her abusive ex boyfriend and in this video we're going to be discussing how she became an emotional hostage and what you can look out for so you don't have the same thing happen to you. What is up everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul where we talk about the problem but focus on the solution and if you're new to my channel, my channel is all about mental health and what I like to do is pull different topics from the YouTube community to try to teach you how to improve your mental and emotional well-being so if you're into that stuff make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell and something that I love about the community and the subscribers I have and everybody following me on social media is that you guys are amazing amazing at recommending videos for me to check out and kind of unpack and you know teach you different lessons and all that and I never heard of Illimation or any of this I'm probably going to screw up her name 50 million times but anyways a lot of you told me that she made a new video so in this video I'm actually going to break down the first video that she did about how she met her abusive ex boyfriend I'll probably do the next one tomorrow so for those of you who don't know I am currently in the middle of writing an anger management book called Rewire Your Anger I needed a little bit of a break so I decided to watch this so anyways go check out my Instagram at the Rewired Soul I put up the entire chapter list hopefully be out by Sunday if not Monday but anyways yeah as I break this down like just so you know there's so much there's so much going on here and I could talk about this forever I didn't realize that her video was about her being so young when this happened and that that's a huge deal and the first thing I will say is that I'm so glad that she's an animator and she's making this because there's so many young people out there and like I'm a parent I have a son who's about to turn 10 years old and we've had conversations and things like that but I know some parents find it difficult or awkward or they don't like talking about these things and you know we're always worried like is my kid gonna watch Jake Paul or Tanimojo but you have somebody like Illy Mation over on YouTube who's using her platform to teach young women even young men about what to look out for and that is so admirable those of you who've been following my channel I'm a huge huge huge advocate of sharing your story because it can help so many other people and I look forward to checking out Illy Mation's other videos about how she got out of it but I will remind you too at the end of this video as well I put all of the resources that she has in my description so if you need help make sure you go and check that out one day someone popped in and said they liked my drawing and they asked how old I was I said I was 13 they said they were 17 and they thought my art was so good that I had to be an art teacher or something now this may seem like a compliment and it is especially from someone older than you and that's exactly what I was thinking but considering what would later happen this is called grooming so yeah this first this first part uh that I showed it's it's about grooming and as a parent it's it's difficult and I'll tell you this like just the best thing that we can do the best thing that we can do is just have open dialogue with our children at all times I grew up I grew up when AOL was like the first big thing we had dial-up moding with the that whole thing so like that's where I started and from that time back in the 90s or yeah 90s like it it was an issue like there's predators out there and um go check out my buddy ready to glare's channel she just put up a video about what's going on on tumblr and how it's coming over to twitter and how there's people who are doing child grooming now like we need to be aware of this and hopefully ready to glare and I can do a collab soon because I'm learning so much stuff and as a parent it freaks me out even more but there's just certain things that we got to teach our kids about and have an open conversation about right like my son right now is in the other room playing fortnite right he plays on xbox live with a lot of his friends but we've had like talks and guidelines and I communicate with him I'm like how old are the people you're playing with and and all of that and most of them are within his age range and then like once in a while he'll be like oh yeah we were playing with an adult on our team the other day I'm like what you were playing with an adult and we'll be like yeah they were like 12 and a half I'm like okay whatever but but yeah like have these conversations um if if you are really worried and this is something I might need to make a whole separate video about like it is okay to to check and ask or have these checks or whatever it is for safety reasons but please if you're a parent like educate yourself about what's going on how people out there are trying to take advantage of kids because it is a a bad situation and I'm glad illumination is bringing some light to it he'd accuse me of ignoring him and hating him and one night when I fell asleep I woke up to a barrage of text from him saying he was going to kill himself because I was ignoring him and I called him a million times and after hours of calling and texting him that I was sorry and it wouldn't happen again he finally responded and thankfully he was okay but I was not at 13 I couldn't imagine being the reason someone killed themselves all right so this this is huge like the rest of this video I want you all to understand like this could happen to you at any age any age at all all right so right there she's talking about how this dude would threaten suicide and this is where we're talking about how somebody is kept as an emotional hostage all right there there's so much that goes into it I made a video a while back about being an emotional hostage and illumination like her video explains how it evolves how it happens they're going to make you feel bad in different ways they're going to tell you that you know you're hurting their feelings you know you're doing this to them and all these other things and like you need to look for these red flags all right so if you are like out in the dating scene if you're on like Tinder or or KCupid or whatever it is and you start talking to a guy or you start talking to a gal and they start doing these things and trying to make you feel bad for not showing them all these all this attention that is a huge huge huge red flag I actually mentioned this in the video I did the other day about Hailey Reese like some of us were so lonely and we want somebody to be there for us that we think it's like enduring that this person texts us 24 seven and wants all over our attention but no because it can turn into stuff like this so like be aware of somebody who wants a hundred percent of your attention all the time but then it escalates to a point where if illumination wasn't talking to him he he would threaten suicide and this is something that we need to take very seriously so my mom who's a psychologist and I we made a video a few months ago about this happening and how to take suicidal threats seriously like you have to you have to have to have to and in case I don't circle back to this point like please please please everybody out there watching this video if you even get close to this situation talk to people talk to people talk to people like this is why we have a discord server this is why we have a facebook group all this stuff is always linked down in the description have people you can talk to have people you can talk to and say is this normal is this weird is something off you know what I mean because it can slowly escalate into a place where the person is threatening suicide but like if you came to me it's like okay call the police call the cops do this do that right I can give you some steps that's what some of these resources down below in the description will help you with as well but let me use some of my personal experience okay I made a video a while back about how you need to quit blaming other people for your feelings but at the same time you cannot be responsible for other people's feelings you guys I work in drug and alcohol treatment and the last three years I've had over 70 people die if I take responsibility for all of those deaths I'm gonna lose my mind right so remember like you cannot make somebody do anything like that all right no matter how much they try to manipulate you into thinking that you cannot make someone feel that way if you provide them with the resources if you call the police if you call 911 or whatever it is to send you know emergency services over to their house you are doing the most that you can do but in situations like this you need to talk to somebody so you can exit that situation like you cannot be held as an emotional hostage in this way all right that clip right there like that's a huge red flag like ladies especially like that's a huge red flag guys too huge red flag if if somebody keeps pressuring you into doing something and you have clearly stated that it makes you uncomfortable bye peace out see you later I am done I am gone all right like someone who does not respect your boundaries has no place in your life all right like I know I know that it sounds kind of harsh it sounds kind of rough but man like it like these type of videos get me worked up because my entire life I've had you know uh female like a lot of female friends like my best friend is a woman my girlfriend is a woman but anyways I've grown up around women my entire life and I I hear these stories about how men just do these things that are just like and I'm not trying to white knight or uh r slash nice guys up in here but it's just awful and like we really need to look out for this so like if somebody is not respecting your boundaries when you tell them what is making you uncomfortable you need to exit that situation these pictures of me were so important to him he'd do anything to get them so he found a way to deny deflect and blame me for everything I can't believe you think I'm what is wrong with you are you crazy do you have any idea how that makes me feel as your boyfriend that you think I'm a right there elimination is talking about gas lighting and this is huge okay this is when somebody like elimination like describes it but anyway it's when somebody makes you question your own sanity right like have you ever um well have you ever watched the Shane Dawson series about Jake Paul they talked a little bit about how narcissists or sociopaths will do this right well I guess both will do this but like they'll make you feel bad for them doing something bad to you like that's bonkers one of the best like ways to uh counter gas lighting is to have a support group to bounce these things off other people and say does this sound right to you does it sound right to you that this person is saying these things to me and making me feel bad about what they're doing like you need to have other people and this is like huge for any type of just mental health thing at all like I cannot always trust this thing this is why I bounce things off of other people so I know I'm like okay am I overreacting to this situation or is this really happening he also threatened to kill me and then himself if I didn't comply you could have said no no I couldn't have I was terrified you don't know what it was like you don't get to say that to me and millions of other young children who are lured into this kind of evil every day and lastly lastly elimination like discusses why why people stay silent why people stay silent and you know there's there's so many there's so many stories just just looking through the news and it just breaks your heart right and the most we can do is just try to spread some awareness and try to provide resources and open up and talk to people like again if you're watching this like that's one of the reasons why we have the discord server there's like a thousand people in there and and specific chat rooms so if you are in this situation you just need someone to talk to like pick up your phone message somebody or get into our facebook group and post about it okay there are many women and there are many men who have been through these situations before they will help guide you through walk you through this provide you with resources all of that find support because no you don't have to like you don't have to run and like you know tell the local news or like you know your parents these are all things that I recommend but if you're not at that place yet like you need to tell somebody especially if you are a young person watching this video something that I hear a lot from my younger audience is that they're afraid to tell their parents for a variety of reasons they don't want their parents to get mad they don't want their parents to worry that's that's talk to somebody at your school okay a teacher a counselor somebody that you trust okay have a conversation with them but do not keep this to yourself all right you need to find somebody local in your area who you could talk to about this I get messages all the time from my younger audience and like I wish I could help everybody but the best thing you can do is talk to somebody local to your area okay do not stay silent about this stuff find somebody who you can talk to about it all right so anyways yeah Illymation she's definitely one of my new favorite creators I just subscribe to her channel I will be watching part two probably tomorrow I might make a part two recap tomorrow but anyways I got my book to complete rewire your anger again follow me on Instagram and Twitter it should be hopefully going live on Sunday or Monday depending on when they approve it and let it go through and all that stuff but anyways follow me because I'll be doing giveaways and stuff like that for copies of the book soon all right but anyways again there are resources down in the description if you or someone you know needs help make sure you check out the description all right but that's all I got for you with this video if you like this video please give it a thumbs up if you're new make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell because I make a ton of videos and a huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on patreon you are all amazing and there is also some brand new exclusive content over on patreon so if you signed up go check it out it's my secret to how I stay motivated all right thanks again for watching I'll see you next time


Sadly, even though cats are thought of as having 9 lives, it's a fact that cats don't live as long as humans. A cat's life is accelerated from the time they are born, including reproducing. Cats can start reproducing as early as 6 months old. Can you imagine if humans had that ability? Of course not. The same goes for teeth, as cats begin developing teeth as early as 3 weeks of age. When it comes to a cat's longevity, several factors come into play, and in this video, we'll examine those factors to find out why cats have shorter lifespans than humans. Why don't cats live as long as humans? As we've stated, a cat's life is accelerated from the time they are born. They reproduce early and develop much, much quicker than humans during their lifetime, all of which take a toll on their bodies and health over time. A cat is considered a senior as early as 8 years of age. For humans, that's still very much a young child. Other factors that shorten a cat's lifespan are inbreeding, metabolism, and evolution. To brighten up this topic, domesticated cats can live upward of 20 plus years, but that's still much shorter than we would like. Some cats can even live up to 30 years old, but that is not seen as often. What is the average lifespan of a cat? Why do cats have short lifespans? The average lifespan of a cat ranges from 10 to 15 years. A cat that has been well taken care of can live even longer, especially if the cat is an indoor cat. Outside cats can easily get run over or get into something poisonous that can cut their lives short. With proper nutrition and care, a cat can have a long life, but all the stars need to align, and owners must do their part to keep their cats healthy. Hello. This video is sponsored by Beemix Pets. Are you looking for high quality cat collars at an affordable cost? Check out BeemixPets.com. Use coupon code KittenLife, to get 20% off. What can I do to increase my cat's life? As long as your cat has no predisposing factors that can cut its life short, such as diabetes, you can do a few things that will increase your cat's longevity. These are as follows. Take your cat for annual checkups. Cats are masters at hiding pain, and keeping up with wellness exams can discover a potential health problem. Indoor cats tend to live longer, and keeping your cat an indoor cat will help keep them out of harm's way. Eat high quality cat food and avoid foods with cheap fillers, preservatives, or flavors. Consult your veterinarian for optimal nutrition. Obesity is common in cats, and it's imperative you keep your cat at an ideal weight. You can exercise your cat by engaging in a game of fetch or grabbing your cat's favorite toy for some playtime. Always provide clean, fresh water for your cat. You can invest in an automatic water dispenser to ensure your cat always has clean drinking water. Ensure you clean the litter box daily. By cleaning the litter box daily, you can observe your cat's stool to ensure that the digestive system is working properly. Adopt a dental hygiene regime. When a cat's teeth are in poor health, it can spawn other health problems due to bacteria in the mouth and or infections. Tips for keeping your cat safe.  It's wise not to give too many treats on a daily basis and ensure you feed a balanced and proper food for optimal nutrition. Spaying or neutering will also increase your cat's lifespan, and it keeps the desire to wander down to a minimum. Cats do not live as long as we would like, but they can still have long and healthy lives with proper nutrition and care. Remember to take your cat for regular checkups and get into a dental hygiene routine. Feed your cat a balanced diet, and always consult your vet with any questions or concerns, as they will guide you in the right direction. If you enjoyed this video, kindly press the like button. Also don't forget to subscribe with notifications on, so that you don't miss out on videos like this. Thank you for watching.


Hello. So, let us continue from where we left off last time. Let us recall that last time we were discussing the Aries function. What is the Aries function? The Aries function is a solution of the Aries differential equation y double prime minus x y equal to 0. Now we took the Fourier transform of this differential equation and we got a first order ODE and we solved this first order ODE and the solution was exponential of i chi cube and we applied formally the inversion theorem and we got the function y of x equal to integral over r x of i x chi plus i chi cube. The problem with all this derivation was that it was completely formal. We do not know that the Aries differential equation admits a solution which can be Fourier transformed. We do not know whether the Fourier transform y hat which we obtained as x of i chi cube in what sense can we take the inverse transform because exponential of i chi cube does not decay or anything. So, there are certain issues with this derivation, but the positive aspect of it is that we got an integral. We got an integral representation y of x equal to integral over r cosine x chi plus chi cube dx. Let us get to the slides 4.18 that you see in the slide. So, this equation 4.18 is supposed to give us a solution of the Aries equation, but the derivation of 4.18 was suspect. There is one way out of it. One possible option is to take 4.18 and directly check that it satisfies the Aries equation by differentiation. But there again there is a certain problem because if you try to differentiate 4.18 with respect to x, y prime of x will be integral over r minus sin x chi plus chi cube and a chi will be produced. y double prime will be minus integral over r cosine x chi plus chi cube times chi squared. We have picked up factor of chi and chi squared in two successive derivations and the integrand not only is not bounded anymore, it is actually becoming infinite. So, it is oscillating with large amplitudes chi squared. So, direct verification is going to be problematic. So, let us make a transformation. First let us discuss whether the integral even converges conditionally. Integral 4.18 it is not at all clear that even this integral even conditionally convergent. First we will prove that it is conditionally convergent. After that we will make a transformation and convert this conditionally convergent integral 4.18 into an absolutely convergent integral and we will work with a transformed integral and check that that transformed integral satisfies the Aries equation and that is the plan of today's lecture. Okay. So, first let us make a change of variables x chi plus chi cube equal to s. The function x chi plus chi cube as a function of chi is monotone increasing beyond a certain stage or infinity. It is not monotone on the entire real line and why do we need monotonicity because when we make a change of variables the change of variables must be a bijective mapping. So, we want it to be strictly increasing or strictly decreasing here because of chi cube we expect it to be strictly increasing and it will be increasing beyond a certain stage r to infinity. The corresponding value of s will be capital R. When you make a change of variables in this integral we are going to put x chi plus chi cube equal to s and that is how we are going to cause s and x plus 3 chi squared d chi will be ds. So, d chi will be ds upon x plus 3 chi squared that is 4.19. Now, we have the unpleasant task of transforming this into a integrand involving s alone solving this cubic for chi and substituting it here is going to be a difficult task and it is actually not necessary. First let us make some simple observations. Let us look at this equation x chi plus chi cube equal to s on this large interval r to infinity. As chi goes to infinity s must also go to infinity and conversely if s goes to infinity then chi must go to infinity. That is the first little observation. So, now let us do the following. Let us try to integrate by parts in 4.19. So, let us write down cos of s equal to the derivative dds of sin of s with a minus sign and throw the derivative on the other factor and we have to apply the chain rule to differentiate 1 upon x plus 3 chi squared. You differentiate with respect to s you are going to pick a 1 upon x plus 3 chi squared the whole squared into d chi by ds. Now, of course, when you apply the chain rule you will pick up a 6 chi s also. d chi by ds you will have to calculate using the equation connecting s and chi. But now we will not need to do any further simplifications because we must understand the behaviour of this chi upon x plus 3 chi squared the whole cube. I have suppressed the boundary terms that arise from integration by parts. You can figure out what happens to the boundary terms because it is this integral that we are concerned with and we want to show that this integral 4.20 is convergent. So, as I said we have the unpleasant job of expressing chi by x plus 3 chi squared the whole cube in in terms of s. But that would be needed if you want an exact value of the integral we do not want an exact value of the integral we only want that the integral converges. And now what happens is that as chi becomes very large s upon chi cube from this equation we can see that s upon chi cube must go to 1 as chi goes to infinity. So, for all large values of chi s upon chi cube must lie between half and 2 for instance. And I simply use this inequality and raise it to the power 2 by 3 and I get another inequality s to the power 2 thirds must be sandwiched between c chi squared and chi squared by c where c is a certain positive constant. So, now we get 3 chi squared plus x that must be bigger than 3 by c s to the power 2 thirds plus x. But note that if chi is very large then s will also be very large and x is fixed. So, that 3 upon c s to the power 2 thirds plus x is ultimately going to be much larger than say s to the power half because 2 thirds is bigger than half and s is going to infinity. So, we get this estimate chi upon 3 chi squared plus x the whole cube will be less than c times s to the power 1 third upon s to the power 2 thirds for instance and that is basically c times s to the power minus 7 by 6.  And since 7 by 6 is bigger than 1 1 upon s to the power 7 by 6 integral converges and so this integral here in 4.20 converges absolutely. So, we have completed the proof that the integral 4.18 is a conditionally convergent integral. Now, that would not suffice for us we need to go a little further and we will have to now transform that integral into an absolutely convergent integral. In other words we must shift the contour of integration into the complex domain this idea of shifting the contour of integration into the complex domain is a very frequently used idea in theory of differential equations. So, now let us start with this entire function f of z equal to x of i x z plus i z cube the chi has been replaced by z chi was real z is complex this is an entire function Cauchy's theorem will tell you that the integral of an entire function over a rectangle is going to be 0.  So, the base of the rectangle is the interval minus r to r. So, along the base of the rectangle the integral f z d z as r goes to infinity will give you the integral that you want ok.   So, integral that we want is going to be written as limit as r goes to infinity integral f z d z along l 2 it is this transformed integral that is going to be absolutely convergent. So, let us now analyze this integral along l 2. So, along l 2 z is what z is chi plus i eta where chi varies from minus r to r and eta is fixed. Let us estimate this absolute value of x of i x z plus i z cube it is going to be put z equal to chi plus i eta x is real remember we are going to get x of minus x eta plus eta cube minus 3 chi squared eta that is the real part and then the imaginary part of course, x of i c is going to be unit complex number when c is a real number. So, what is the estimate mod integral over l 2 of x of i x z plus i z cube d z that is going to be less than or equal to this factor e to the power minus x eta plus eta cube that does not depend on chi. So, that comes out an integral from minus r to r e to the power minus 3 chi squared eta d chi remember that eta is positive and chi is real varying between minus r and r. So, this integral certainly converges and so, this integral over l 2 is a nice absolutely convergent integral and so, let us write that down. So, finally, in the limit as r tends to infinity these two vertical pieces go to 0 the integral over l 1 gives the integral that you want and integral over l 2 will be what we are going to write down on the right hand side of this displayed equation in detail that is over here integral minus infinity to infinity x of i x chi minus x eta plus i times chi plus i eta the whole cube d chi. The left hand side is of course, the integral 4.18 that is the solution y x which we are going to check that is a solution not yet a solution. We have heuristically arrived at that y of x by taking Fourier transforms. Now that we know that the y of x that we got is exactly this expression that is displayed on the right hand side. So, the integral on the right hand side is going to be absolutely convergent and we can differentiate under the integral sign in a number of times that we want e to the power minus x eta does not depend on chi at all it comes out of the integral. Here let us look at the real part of this integral e to the power i times 3 chi squared i eta and. So, I get i squared which is minus 1 and I get chi squared eta. So, that is exactly causes the integral to be absolutely convergent. So, I get an e to the power minus 3 chi squared eta that is the term that is going to help us. When you differentiate with respect to x when you differentiate with respect to x I am going to pick up factors like a chi because of e to the power i x chi here for instance I am going to pick up a eta here, but eta is going to be constant. So, though I pick up a factor of chi I have e to the power minus 3 chi squared eta that is going to help us to cope with the integral. So, we can differentiate under the integral sign without any problem. So, let us differentiate under the integral sign twice with respect to x and let us calculate y double prime x minus x y by 3 that happens to be minus 1 upon 3 i integral minus infinity to infinity we get 3 i z squared plus i x x of i x z plus i z cube this chi plus i eta combination that appears here and it appears here has been replaced by z and this expression that we see inside we can write it as d d chi of x of i x z plus i z cube d chi. Now this integral is going to be 0 by the fundamental theorem of calculus and the rapid decay of the integrand as you go to infinity along the chi direction. So, that shows that y double prime minus x y by 3 does indeed turn out to be 0 in other words y of x is indeed a solution of the Aries equation. So, the integral representation that we got gives you a valid solution of the Aries equation and as far as estimates are concerned you can use this transformed integral to get your estimates on the Aries function. I think we will close the discussion of Aries function here with just one small comment it is elementary to obtain Aries equations as a power series solution, but the power series solutions are easy to get they lend themselves to algebraic manipulations such as term by term differentiations and multiplication and stuff like that it is very difficult to get information concerning the asymptotic behavior zeros and such integral representations are much better. In fact, the integral representation of the Aries function gives you the asymptotic behavior of the Aries function we would not get into that and that is important in optics. Now, let us take up a few odds and ends before we take the next topic in this chapter on Fourier transforms the Riemann-Lebesgue-Lehmann revisited. So, let us start with an L 1 function we know that the Fourier transform of f decays to 0 as chi goes to plus infinity and chi goes to minus infinity that is the Riemann-Lebesgue-Lehmann. However, I stated theorem 52 I said Riemann-Lebesgue-Lehmann revisited not only is the Fourier transform decaying to 0 as chi goes to plus minus infinity the Fourier transform is actually a continuous function indeed it is uniformly continuous and bounded the proof will not be given in detail I will give it as a guided exercise. First of all f is in L 1 moment you say that f is in L 1 it means outside an interval the contribution of mod f x as an integral is vanishingly small in other words there exists an a bigger than 0 such that integral of mod f x dx outside the interval minus a a is less than epsilon by 4 where epsilon greater than 0 is arbitrarily chosen. So, now let us write down the difference f hat of chi minus f hat of eta I want to discuss the absolute value of this difference. So, let us write the integral of f hat of chi and f hat of eta and the integral is over mod x less than or equal to a plus another integral mod x greater than or equal to a the two integrals are displayed over here. Now let us do the following let us look at the second integral and let us take the absolute value and take the absolute value inside the integral you strangle inequality they are both unit complex numbers and so this modulus is less than or equal to 2. So, that is an innocent constant it comes out and then I am left with mod f x dx and that is less than or equal to epsilon by 4 the integral. So, I get the contribution from the second piece in all is less than epsilon by 2. Now let us concentrate on the first piece suppose I use the mean value theorem let us call this function g of t. So, g of chi minus g of eta right you got a function evaluated at chi and the same function evaluated eta mean value theorem will give you that the difference will be equal to chi minus eta times the derivative when you differentiate I am going to pick up a minus i x i is an innocent constant and x is a variable, but mod x is less than or equal to a. So, the x that you pick up is bounded by a and then we get the derivative will be e to the power minus i x times theta for some theta between chi and eta, but that again is going to be unit complex number.  So, you must choose the delta.  So, we have proved that given any epsilon greater than 0, there is a delta greater than 0 and I told you what the delta is just now.  Now, let us take the series of exercises use Parseval formula to compute the integral from minus infinity to infinity 4 sin squared chi d chi upon chi squared.  Now, if you know a function whose Fourier transform is 2 sin chi by chi. If you look at the list of Fourier transforms that we have calculated you will find that there is a function whose Fourier transform is exactly 2 sin chi by chi. So, this integral that you see the displayed integral is exactly norm f hat squared and that is the integral that you are trying to calculate the original function was much simpler what was it it was nothing but the characteristic function of the interval. So, you just have to understand what is the integral of f squared where f is the characteristic function of the interval and you use the Parseval formula and you calculate this integral that shows the use of Parseval formula. The Parseval formula as many uses in the next capsule we will prove the equipartitioning of energy in the wave equation and again use the Parseval formula.   So, this is called the Cauchy distribution in probability theory, but this Cauchy distribution turns out to be the Fourier transform of some known function capital f s. Again you should go back and look at the list of Fourier transforms in the early part of this chapter and you will be able to find which function capital f is it whose Fourier transform is this Cauchy distribution. If you know that then this convolution is easy to calculate if without that if you try to calculate the convolution it is going to be a messy integration, but instead of calculating the convolution directly from the definition try to calculate the Fourier transform of the convolution and then once you get the Fourier transform of the convolution then you try to use the inversion theorem that approach may be much simpler than directly computing the convolution. The next exercise is another Fourier transform computation Cauchy ax is a positive real number and we know that 1 upon Cauchy ax is a rapidly decreasing function it is an element of the Schwarz class. It is an element of the Schwarz class. So, how to calculate the Fourier transform is there a way to calculate the Fourier transform? Yes there is a way to calculate the Fourier transform Cauchy ax is an even function 1 upon Cauchy ax is an even function. So, when you write down the definition of the Fourier transform only the Cauchy ax upon Cauchy ax term will survive the sin Cauchy ax upon Cauchy ax will disappear it is an odd function. Again you must use complex analysis to do this. Usually when you have a hyperbolic function in the denominator what you will do is that you will employ a rectangular contour.  What happens to the integral along the top edge of the rectangle? What is the top edge of the rectangle? How would you choose this t in such a way that at the top along the top edge you get a multiple or the integral that you want. So, along the top edge what is z? z is x plus i t where x goes from minus r to r. So, when you put Cauchy of a into x plus i t you must get a multiple of Cauchy it the t must be what? The t must be pi by a in that case you will get Cauchy of ax plus i pi Cauchy of ax plus i pi is minus Cauchy ax and you will get that the integral along the top of the rectangle is a multiple of the original rectangle. I think it is a good place to stop this lecture here we will continue in the next capsule. Thank you very much.


You might feel right now like God is a million miles away, and that feeling could be a major sign that God is testing you right now. When you can't feel God, He's not leaving you, He's leading you into deeper places. The more you grow, the less reliant you become upon feelings, and the more reliant you become upon faith in what God says in His Word. If you feel like God is distant, like nothing seems to be working, everything seems to be falling apart. Remember, He makes a way where there seems to be no way, and especially remember, in the fire, we are purified. In the trials, we are tested. You're not being abandoned, you're being tested. Persist in faith and pass this test. If you believe that, type Amen.


Hi there, I'm Sandy Alnok Artist and Paper Crafter here on YouTube and today I'm going to be making a little bit of a crazy Birds of a Feather watercolor card using the stamp set from Heffy Doodle called Wingman. It has a couple of birds in it, it has a few perches for them and some fun sentiments and it's a fun stamp set to work with in a bunch of different ways. I'm going to try to put all the stamps on one card, well most of the stamps on one card and all the birds are going to be trying to get onto one perch. And this first bird is the front most bird and so I stamped him first and then masked him out so stamping onto some masking paper and trimming it out. Then I added all the other birds because only one of them touched but there are two birds that are also going to be flying in front of or sitting in front of the trapeze. I don't know if it's called trapeze, you bird people can tell me what the name is for that thing but I'm going to call it a trapeze.  So there you go for the masking then the watercoloring begins. I did add the Birds of a Feather stick together sentiment onto it and that is what inspired the coloring of this card. So the whole idea was these birds flying to try to gather onto one trapeze together which would be kind of hilarious to see if they all actually make it on there because somebody is going to bump somebody off but I was thinking about this whole card as me and my friends and just picturing it that way because there's some who arrive early and they're perched and ready to go then there's some of us who arrive later and sometimes we arrive in a state of disarray shall we say and when you see me arrive at my stamp group you usually know I'm one of the later ones that arrives and I'm often in a state of disarray so there you go but I did decide to paint them all so that they were the same ish colors some kind of doing a monochromatic card not completely but kind of monochromatic but I'm using a couple different yellows that are in my palette and I'll also be adding a couple other colors along the way you could do something like this making them monochromatic by just using say a new gamboge or a permanent yellow deep and the first layer you would put in very very watered down color because both of those go to a very very pale yellow and then they get to a creamier more orangey color as you get thicker paint or more layers of paint but I decided to just use all my yellows and that's the Hansa yellow light the permanent yellow deep and a little bit of new gamboge it's just using a bunch of those to color everything and the reason that all the birds are the same even though my friends and I aren't all the same is that they are birds of a feather and so they all needed to have the same color feathers but notice that the birds are not the same they are different some of them have eye patches one of them doesn't the eye patches are different on each bird and I thought that kind of is like me and my friends we are the same but we're different there's distinctiveness to all of us but we all share a lot of things in common and in this particular case the commonness is all of that beautiful yellow so I thought it would be a good representation of me and some of my friends and I did use that that brush to paint that little tiny string and that is a super tiny brush I think it was a number four and the rest of this I'm using a number eight four because there's just small areas and I wanted to make sure I get that in there I normally use a number eight or number twelve of the silver brush the black velvet line they point really really nicely and love how they do that so now we've got the birds painted and I'm going to add some richness of color to a lot of the areas now so I can add a little bit of a transparent pure orange to some of this because I wanted to add a little more difference for some of the birds give them a little bit of dimension and adding the color in the darkest areas and then just moving it around with a dryish brush and dryish means I've rinsed it so it's clean I'm not adding color but I can add just enough dampness to it that I can work with the edges and I can kind of blend them out just like that and that kind of helps to even out the edges and that sort of thing and with most watercolors you just want to keep an eye on it as it dries to make sure new hard edges appear that you weren't expecting so now that I'm getting all these birds done what I was what was running through my mind was that there is not enough feathers not enough chaos if I am that one at the top who's flying in to my stamp group at the very end of the day or not the end of the day but I'm the last one in there's usually more chaos than that so I thought I'm going to make a cloud of feathers and chaos behind so I put down a very light coat of a very pale yellow and then added some edges to it so it looks like more flat more feathers flying all over the place and this card may have been better without all this in the long run but when you know the story it kind of makes more sense me and my my last minute chaos and then add more little feathers here and there it started looking kind of like a yellow tree so this would be one way to make a tree so I started trying to add more yellow darker yellow feather shapes and more little bits and pieces flying all over the place then I started dabbing color off because I thought you know I think I went a little too far with that yeah so sometimes we go a little further than we ought maybe I should have stopped before I added that on there but it certainly makes it a much more distinctive bunch of stuff flying around doesn't it so I'm adding more color onto my little feathers and then I thought I'm just going to make it more visible that these are feathers by just adding motion lines around the birds as well as just a few general lines I could have stamped more feathers in there I didn't want to do that so just adding a few lines with a pen seemed to convey that for me so there we go my crazy yellow card for the day hope you've enjoyed this please follow along on instagram and facebook as I continue my daily posts and join the challenge if you wish as well and I will see you again in a couple of days with a new video thank you much bye


Well, the Burmese Polar Plunge is a cool thing to do, you could say, or even a cold thing to do. People for fun jump into the freezing waters of Lake Burmese. It's also a way to contribute to local organizations. Haiti Clotter shows us how people jump for a good cause. Over the weekend, more than 100 people decided to take the plunge. The Burmese Plunge brought out everyone dressed in their best superhero costumes to other shirtless, ready to make a splash. The Bemidji JC is every year when we do the Burmese Plunge. We choose one or two people that we want to help support in our local community. So this year, all the net proceeds from this event are going to the Bemidji Community Food Shelf and the Northwood's Battered Women's Shelter. For best friends Susan Aninson and Sandy Leverette, taking the plunge was something to scratch off Leverette's bucket list. But most importantly, it was for a good cause. This year, I think they're sponsoring the food bank. All the charities that they come up with, they're all really good and we should all give back what we can. We really should. With the $50 donation, you can make that leap. Hundreds of respectators and they saw people from all ages jump into Lake Bemidji with no hesitation. A dive team was also on standby to help. Flags were posted throughout to show where participants were from. The worldwide event had someone all the way from Germany. I wanted to experience a real winter and I got it. So what did you think about taking the plunge? What was going through your mind as soon as you jumped in? That wasn't the luck going on. I just did it. Father, daughter, duo Scott and Lillian Nygard came to honor a friend that lost his battle with cancer. He passed away about a year ago to cancer and I guess I wanted to freeze myself in honor of him. These shirts say it all. Minnesota Tough. This was the first time for all three men to take the plunge. Not in Minnesota crazy versus Minnesota tough.  After the jump came the hot tub where one could warm up. Now's my turn to take the Bemidji Plunge. For this week's community spotlight from the Bemidji Plunge, Haiti Clauter, Lakeland News. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


The vast majority of cases of middle-ear inflammation do not require imaging. This is usually a diagnosis that's made at pediatrician's office usually associated with just a uncomfortable ear and There may be several bouts of this otitis media middle-ear inflammation that occurs during one's childhood However, when it fails to Clear You may again see that Entity known as chronic otitis media or COM and one of the complications Potentially of chronic otitis media is a caestia toma, which we'll talk about shortly When the middle-ear inflammation Extends to the mastoid air cells. It's termed otomastoid itis if the mastoid air cells start to have Irregularity and destruction of the septi between the various mastoid air cells We call that coalescent mastoid itis and we treat it as if it is a form of osteomyelitis and therefore often requiring Aggressive antibiotic use sometimes even intravenous antibiotics Now unfortunately when you have mastoid itis you may have some of the complications of mastoid itis which include thrombophrobitis of The sigmoid sinus or transverse sinus or you can have adjacent Inflammation of the meninges and the patient presenting with a meningitis So here we have a CT scan Through the middle-ear cavity and mastoid air cells and as you can see there is a pacification on the left side of the middle-ear cavity as well as the mastoid air cells and in point of fact you can even see An air fluid level identifying this as acute otitis media Here however is a patient who has a little bit different Appearance and that is that we have lost these septations within the mastoid air cells Bilaterally, there's still is a pacification of the middle-ear cavity But with this loss of the normal septations of the mastoid air cells we would call this coalescent Mastoid itis or coalescent otomastoid it is because there's information in both locations similarly here we have a patient who has Otitis media with opacification around the middle-ear ossicles But in addition there has been erosion and expansion of that anterior epitome panic space so again some coalescent expansion that Would lead to the diagnosis of coalescent otomastoid itis Here we have a patient Who has a flare stand showing high signal intensity in the mastoid air cells now two points to make here The first point is that it is very unusual for the fluid that it occurs in the mastoid air cells to be The same signal intensity as that of CSF so whatever it is that is within the mastoid air cells It's not just pure fluid it is usually inflammatory disease And that's why you see it as bright in signal intensity on the flare scan now This applies also to patients who have nasogastric tubes or have been irradiated where you see fluid in the Mastoid air cells even though it's not likely to be infected in other words It's just an obstructive phenomenon when you have nasogastric tubes or it's a weeping With radiation therapy it still does not show CSF signal on the Flare scan so it's going to be bright and signal intensity allows you to see Mastoid effusions very easily so even though we might call it a mastoid effusion We know that it's not the same fluid as CSF The second main point to make is that this is a patient who is an adult and in an adult that has mastoid Fluid or chronic otitis media or recurrent bouts of otitis media. You better look at the nasopharynx so otomastoiditis in an adult is due to nasopharyngeal carcinoma until proven otherwise and for those of you who had good eyes You may have noticed that there was this mass in the nasopharynx Which is obliterating the normal fat space between the tensor and belly palatine muscles And instead we have this soft tissue that would be obstructing the eustachian tube Here's the tourist barriers and eustachian tube orifice, and you see that it's narrowed and Probably displaced by this mass, which also it looks like is Infiltrating the longest coli muscle on the right side So when you see a patient presenting with chronic otitis media or episodes of otitis media or otomastoiditis We have to always be cognizant of the potential for a nasopharyngeal carcinoma That is obstructing the eustachian tube Here is one of the complications of otomastoiditis and that is an abscess in this case We see a peripheral enhancing mass which is in the cerebellum You see the displacement of the fourth ventricle from right to left and we're also seeing the superficial enhancement of the meninges Suggesting that this is meningitis with a cerebellar abscess and we can see the enhancing soft tissue in the mastoid air cells representing the inflammatory process the next thing to look for is the Venus sinuses the transverse and sigmoin sinus and jugular vein to ensure that there is not Thrombophobitis I Spoke about the entity of Malin otitis external when we were talking about the external auditory canal because by and large That's where it's thought that the infection resides remember that this is a pseudomonas infection which typically occurs in an elderly diabetic patient and and There is inflammation which extends to the skull base and gets there via the fissures of Santorini which are the fissures that occur between the cartilaginous and bony portion of the External auditory canal However, it's not unusual for that Malin otitis externa to extend into the middle ear cavity As well as the skull base and you may see the cortical bone erosion of the Clivus a soft tissue mass at the skull base usually extending into the paraphernalia space and then either osteoleus or increased bone Thickening at the clivus. So here for example is our case that I showed on the talk on the extra auditory canal where we have soft tissue in the external Auditory canal cartilaginous portion Thickening along the wall of the bony portion of the external auditory canal with erosion Infiltration into the middle ear cavity, which you can see also on the MRI scan and then the MRI scan nicely demonstrates on this post Gatellin and fats at scan the inflammation around the carotid artery the enhancement of the clivus Here's the normal fat suppressed clivus. This is abnormally enhancing clivus from the Osteomyelitis associated with the malinotitis externa. You have enhancement of the longest muscle Here's the contralateral normal longest muscle and then the paraphernalia space inflammation adjacent to the nasopharynx So this is going from the extra auditory canal into the middle ear cavity and from the middle ear cavity into the Vascular space the mastoid air cells as well as the skull base