Okay. Welcome everyone to the December 9th Capitalist City Council meeting. Before we get started, Chloe, would you like to say a few words? Thank you Mayor Brooks. Welcome to the Capitalist City Council meeting in accordance with California Senate Bill 361. This meeting is not physically open to the public. Council and staff are meeting via Zoom and there are several ways for the public to watch and participate. Information on how to join the meeting using the Zoom application or your landline or mobile phone along with how to submit public comment during the meeting tonight is available on our website cityofcapitola.org and on the published meeting agenda. The public can also live stream the meeting either on our city website or on YouTube. As always, this meeting is cablecast live on Charter Communications Cable TV channel 8 and it's being recorded to be rebroadcast on the following Wednesday at 8 a.m. and on Saturday following the first rebroadcast at 1 p.m. on Charter Channel 71 and Comcast Channel 25. This evening our technician is Walter. Thank you Walter and thank you Mayor Brooks. Thank you Chloe. Thank you Walter. If you can all please join me in the Pledge of Allegiance. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands one nation under God indivisible with liberty and justice for all. Thank you very much. We're now going to move on to item two. This is a report out on closed sessions. Good evening Mayor and Council members. We had a closed session on the item on the agenda and no action was taken. Thank you Samantha. For item three additional materials staff do we have any additional materials this evening? Yes Mayor Brooks. There was one additional material submitted by staff regarding item 8b that is the bid report and the memo for the road repair project. Thank you. Thank you. And item four on tonight's agenda additions and deletions to agenda. Staff has no changes. Thank you very much. So moving right along to item five, oral communications. This is the time for members of the public to address Council on any consent items or items not on tonight's agenda. If you've called in you can go ahead and click down below and raise your hand or dial star nine or six to unmute yourself. Larry do we have anyone with their hands raised? Yes Mayor Brooks we do have one. We have Tom Brady. Hi how are you doing this evening? Great thank you. Can you guys hear me? Okay we can hear you. Great. I was invited by vet. I'm with a company called RPM Training and we just wanted to give the good news that our organization we're we do an annual fundraiser and one of our designations is going to go to the capital of junior arts scholarship fund. We're going to be donating $10,000 or the upcoming program for 2022 and we do this through a fundraiser we do every January called the 10k challenge where we challenge people to do 10,000 double unders which is a jump rope term doing two rotations of the rope underneath your feet every jump. Last year we raised $130,000 and we had 28 million jumps so it's something that we're doing. We have three designated organizations charitable organizations we have done this for eight years with their eighth annual and we usually we always designate at-risk youth mentoring programs that are directed towards fitness so we just opened our offices in Santa Cruz over on 17th and Brommer and wanted to do something that was connected with Santa Cruz and and Live Oak and Capitola so and my kids both were part of the guards so we wanted to do something for the local group as well and so we have two national organizations and then the capital of junior cars program is our kind of local designation so we are looking for ways to get the word out so if you can get to Yvette and Yvette can get to me ideas but we do want to get the community excited about it and involved in it it's the way people donate is actually the registration is just $20 to register and that is the donation all proceeds go to the the charitable funding so so it's all it's all donations that go directly to that so people just register and they jump they're also teams so if the capital police department or the local fire want to do it as a team and do that that way they can also do as a team you can sign up as a team if our our capital city council wants to do it as a team they could do that as well so you don't have to do all 10 000 yourself you can also do singles you don't have to do double so there's there's that as well but the company started with the jump rope we're we're found in sort of CrossFit we're all surfers and snowboarders and we use functional training as a gateway to do the fun things we do in life and that's how the company was founded and we started building kind of the jump rope was the first equipment that we built and that's when we started doing this this fundraiser right away so it's a big initiative for the company any questions so thank you so much mr brady unfortunately at this time we can't we can't entertain any questions but I know that you said folks can reach out to me i'm going to also punt it a little bit to um junior guards uh the junior guards rep torey del faro um who is who's representing this organization so thank you again mr brady for your time and we look forward to see what um what's going to come next great thank you so much for your time thank you okay council we're now going to move on to item six this is staff and uh city council comments let's begin with staff you have one this evening from director hurley saying mayor and council i wanted to give you an update on our cdbg cb2 economic development grants um as you'll recall we were prepared to issue approximately 30 to 35 grants up to 7500 dollars to our local businesses for covid relief um tied to their rent we had a lot of interests in our in our program but due to the federal requirements tied to low income qualifications we it's been very difficult qualifying businesses so at this point we've done our initial review of all the businesses and we believe we have about 15 or 16 businesses that will qualify for this grant i met with mayor brooks and council member peterson this morning to discuss the current situation that we're in and it takes a lot of time going through the review of these applications it's been a lot of work with our partner spdc and um i was suggesting that we double the amount of the grant and the businesses that do qualify have a great need so i was suggesting that we double the funding from 7500 to 15 thousand dollars and that was accepted by mayor brooks and council member peterson as a good solution and so i just wanted to let you know that we'll be proceeding um with with those grants um throughout the till the end of the year and into january and hopefully getting that money out as soon as possible that's my update this evening thank you thank you katie any other comments from staff okay see then uh this is opportunity for city council comments any comments from our council council member peterson thank you i just wanted to take a moment to again update the council on the public on the process that's happening at ambag in regard to determining the methodology for arena allocation we are going into the the next arena cycle and it continues to be quite a saga to determine which cities will have how many different housing units that they need to be zoning for and prepared and allowing to be developed um and so last night the issue was continued to the january meeting um partially uh in part because thanks uh with a huge shout out to katie our community development director and jamie our city manager um for drafting a letter to ambag um just kind of letting them know of our concerns with some of the methodologies that they were using to determine the allocation um thank you so much for all the work that you you've both put into that um so we sent them that letter and i provided comments uh to the same same points that were in the letter at the meeting last night and they are going to take into consideration some of the things that we brought forward uh in regard to determining the the allocation that we should have in the methodology that they're using so stay tuned it continues there'll be more and as i've mentioned before i'm just going to keep bringing this up so that when we actually get our allocation and need to rezone to allow higher density or taller buildings or whatever it may be that no one can say that this was a surprise so again that's kind of an update for now i'll have more to say about it in in early january but again just huge thank you to katie she was just such a rock star on this um and and that's all i have to say about it this evening thanks so much thank you council member peterson any other council comments okay seeing now we're going to move on to item seven this is consent items all items listed on consent will be enacted by one motion um there will be no separate discussion on these items unless the council member would like to pull one and we would address it at the end of this evening's agenda are there any council members who would like to make a motion to approve items seven a through f the first from council member bertrand and a second from council member story to approve item seven a through f may i have a role called please council member bertrand i approve council member keiser hi council member peterson hi vice mayor story hi mayor brooks hi thank you all right moving right along to item eight a this is our council reorganization for 2022 um recommended action select and vote to approve a new mayor and vice mayor um staff do you have any a report or anything on this this is chloe i can just say that um in our municipal code for the city of capitol it requires that council amongst yourselves choose a new mayor and vice mayor um every year um and then that is the time to do that is now so i'll leave it at that unless you have any questions all right all right council do we have any questions at this time okay seeing none we'll go ahead and move this to public comment do we have anyone from the public who would like to make a comment yes we have someone that wishes to make comment hello i don't know if you can see me or hear me you can hear you okay this is larry brooks um and sedona brooks and we just want to take a quick minute just to say uh just so proud of you uh mayor brooks and uh just wanted to say it's really awesome everything you've done this year and um also just wanted to wish you a happy 25th birthday today so um yes and thank you to all the city council members as well and uh we will see you guys around thank you thank you so much that was adorable um any other comments at this time okay well i will bring this back to council for further comments and before we head on into a vote there was just a few words that i would like to share with everybody um so just a quick story the other night before mayors and i had um the opportunity to interview for a podcast and i was a question on um what do i consider to be my uh biggest accomplishment this past year and they went to all the other mayors and they answered and then they came to me and they're like oh we we ready know mayor brooks you we read your four five page article in the sentinels there's you you made it really clear to us what capitol has done and i was like well you know i'm not one to be humble but um all joking aside you know the the article reflected is that it really shared my deepest gratitude for all of you here tonight it had um it has really been a great honor serving as a mayor this past year and well i should say it's been one heck of a year um it's true so we have all been through so much things unimaginable and yet um as i state here before all of you what i observe is resilience and i'm really grateful for the commitment and dedication and hard work that you all have done um i want to thank uh my amazing family larry who just called in and my daughter sedona who's watching obviously tonight uh working from home and being your mayor and homeschooling was no easy task and i could not have done it without uh their support and patience i'm so proud my biggest accomplishment um is truly of my daughter sedona and being her mama uh thank you to my fellow council members for supporting me and my ideas and there were many as we work to support all of our community members partners and the entire county i'm so so proud to sit side by side with each and every one of you thank you to our city manager jamie goldstein for uh persevering this year and staying committed to our city and going above and beyond our expectations we're really really lucky to have you thank you to our city attorney cementa settler you really are an asset to our organization and i appreciate all that you've done for me in our city as well thank you to our department heads and staff it is not said often enough that it is because of all of you that stuff gets done your day-to-day work is what makes our community great and i'm deeply deeply appreciative of everything you've done this past year congratulations again to chief deli i've got it right i'm saying it right and our police department for your extraordinary job in keeping this community safe you are all models for what good policing looks like and i appreciate each and every one of you and most importantly thank you to our community members residents and partners by working together and supporting one another is why we have been able to accomplish so much and so as i finished my term term with one more year as council member i look forward to continuing to serve on your behalf thank you again everyone i really appreciate every one of you um all right let's get to it council members who would like to begin council member peterson thank you um first i just want to thank you for your service this year as mayor and all that you've accomplished congratulations i think larry was a couple years ahead because i thought today was your 21st birthday so i don't know you might might want to might want to ask him about that but happy birthday uh i hope today is a day of celebration for you not only for your birthday but for the year that you have spent in this leadership position on the council looking forward to the years ahead uh in in your service to the community and working alongside you um with that i would also like to make a motion for uh the appointment of vice mayor sam story to mayor for the coming year in 2022 i'll second that all right so we have a first for um for council or vice mayor's story to move into the mayor position by council member peterson and a second by council member bertrand we'll take this as a single motion before moving on to vice mayor uh can i have a roll call please yes and i just want to say i'm going to use everyone's current title for this roll call there very fair council member bertrand i approve council member kaiser hi council member peterson hi vice mayor story hi mayor brooks hi congratulations mayor story if i may just finish this one item if that's all right with you please continue all right so we are now moving on to vice mayor council members would anyone like to make a motion council member peterson i would like to move uh that council member kaiser be appointed as vice mayor for the coming year i approve so we need a second on the table i second wonderful thank you council member bertrand so we have a first from council member peterson and a second from council member bertrand to nominate council member kaiser as vice mayor may i have a roll call please yes council member bertrand i approve council member brooks hi council member kaiser hi council member peterson hi mayor story hi thank you all right i'm now gonna hand this meeting right on over to our new mayor of capitola congratulations again mayor story well thank you so much uh mayor brooks i'm going to continue to call you mayor brooks because once you've been mayor you're always mayor and i i so much appreciate the council um confidence in me nominating me um councilman peterson for this position um i look very forward to serving uh as mayor and working with all of you including working with um jamie our city manager uh and samantha city attorney uh chief valley all the department heads and all the staff in our wonderful city um so i very much look forward to it um and i look forward to 2022 as being uh a a year of normalcy hopefully we will get through this winter of potential covid surge and we can look forward to opening up um and being back in chambers sometimes next year um but i i also want um to say a few words um about your reign as mayor mayor brooks um you know it's in my observation that you have the single unique distinction of being the first and only mayor that has served the entire year through uh covid restrictions and having to function and lead us through this awkward technology of zoom and i've been very impressed of your leadership um in using that technology and how you brought forward and you've done it with humor and warmth um a few bad jokes um and um um and you know you've really um i think said a high standard uh for particularly myself and for all of us uh on using this technology um i'm going to take your lead and done a practice saying um you're on mute council member um so as you have reminded us um you know many many times and in spite of that uh challenge um you have had an amazingly productive and successful year um as mayor um and i know and i'm not going to go through all your accomplishments but there were a few that i want to uh acknowledge um tonight um that i you know considered significant and uh and not in any particular order but the work that you did the collaboration with uh so-called union elementary school districts and setting up the after-school program uh and the summer camps um and um you know during the covid um that was a tremendous sub-benefit to our families and children in capitol and i think you're to be commended on uh spearheading that project um you got us through the coastal commission our zoning codes so that now we have a unified zoning code throughout the city um you've maintained and ended your reign with a surplus budget even through the challenge the fiscal challenges of covid um you've um um ushered in uh the new era of uh chief dallas um and um saw us transition and guided us through that transition uh from chief macmanus to chief dallas um and during this whole time you've have kept capitol in the public eyes through your regular submissions and newspaper articles as well as your town hall meetings so i just want to acknowledge a few of your accomplishments there they were certainly um many many more um i also want to acknowledge um and i think you would as well that you could not have done that with the collaboration um from the other council members and as well as um the staff at the city of capitol so um i think this is um a well deserved um send off for you i won't say send off because i have a feeling you have a bright political future ahead of you um but um you know in closing i just want to say happy birthday to you um i won't try to guess at what age you are um but i would guess closer to 21 than the 25 but um but um happy birthday um and thank you so much i have been um so proud to work with you closely in the past year um and um and hope to continue to do so um so with that i think done do we have a little tribute for your service show us do you mean this i do mean that yes i believe i mean that yes well let me see what's inside you know i'm in chambers right now and no i'm kidding i'm oh but well let's see it is the honorary gavel of the mayor for the mayors and stem i believe you have like three of these and uh well i i have yeah i have different generations and it's really beautiful i will be honest my daughter saw this and started using it and gamey was like no don't do that so it is beautiful thank you so much this is really this is really something special and i'm so so grateful for for your kind words mayor sorry congratulations to my mayor kaiser as well yeah and um sorry that we could not give this to you in person there in chambers um but um a little gift uh as a memento of your year of service for the city of capitol and maybe sedona can pound it and practice to be mayor someday in the future so thank you um any other comments from other council members yeah council well i'm we're gonna go to vice mayor kaiser thank you uh let me just say congratulations event um i don't even know where to begin as me coming on the scene as a total noob and coveted and everything but your grace and your knowledge and professionalism helped me tenfold and i've learned so much from you and you're super inspiring and i just thank you from the heart of the city and from females around and i just think you're paving a really great path and for your daughter and everything too i just think it's been a really great year learning and and experiencing all the ins and outs of local government with you and the rest of council and of course the staff and can't wait to keep going on with you and and everybody else and thank you guys again too for supporting me moving on into vice mayorship and i look forward to a lot more a lot more fun stuff with everybody and congratulations event and happy birthday cheers to 21 council member bertrand sam you excuse me sam you missed your chance to say you're immune i was i was just about to say that jack i was waiting for you to say it and then you didn't and um so event walks past my house probably many times a week and we say hello and she waves hello and i see her little kid and her husband and the last time i think you walked by you had parents with you or other family members so i'm not sure whom because i don't know but um you know at some point i think the fruits of your labor will be borne out in ways that you don't expect and that's why i was thinking about your daughter very cute little girl i have to admit and the way it's going to turn out i think for you she's going to find about all the great things you've done for the city because people tell her as she grows up jaren's junior guards or she grows up and participates in a program after school or maybe you go to the family camp or something like that all the different things that you've done and she'll find out about from her friends and from other people that she knows and i think that's the best thing that you've accomplished this year everything for your daughter and family thank you jack any other council members you know the any staff which oh councilwoman peterson i already made my comments when i when i made the motion so i'm not going to repeat everything but i didn't want to i didn't you know everyone else is staying something so i didn't want to be left out so i'll just say again congratulations on on this year that you've had um in all of your successes happy birthday uh and welcoming congratulations to mayor's story and vice mayor kaiser i know that you will both um do wonderful things in the coming year as well thank you yeah thank you are there any staff that would like to um say a few words thank you very sorry i'll keep it pretty brief i do want to just thank um outgoing mayor brooks for the wonderful work it was really a pleasure working with you um i really appreciated the opportunity that you presented where you pushed me at times and you know i've been doing this job for a while and i think that that's a really valuable thing um at times to get out of our comfort zone and grow as individuals and so professionally i really thank you the dedication to the city is always obvious and i want to thank the whole council for what i think was a remarkably successful year that we just made it through given all the challenges we've all faced together and looking ahead to 22 and under mayor's story's leadership another great year is ahead of us so thank you all and happy holidays thank you jamie any any other comments from staff if i could this is a little unorthodox for me to speak mayor's story but if it's okay oh um i think mayor brooks was a fantastic mayor and i've dealt with a lot of mayors and um i just think your steady leadership like uh mayor story said your want during council meetings i think it's a tough thing to bring some humor and warmth to what have been some dark times in the last year and you did it at every meeting with grace and charm and it's been a real pleasure to serve the city in general but certainly under your leadership and so thank you for that um i've been really impressed and i'm looking forward to serving with you in mayor's story thank you samantha and thank you thank you for those words um any any other staff comment seeing seeing none um i wanted to take this moment to also congratulate um councilwoman tiza on um you know becoming the vice mayor um i certainly look forward to working with her um and um you know as a team in the next year to fulfill our roles you know as mayor and vice mayors of the city of capitol and to close this phase i i also want to thank um you know the residents of capitol and and in particular my family for supporting me um you know that's what's it's made it possible for me to do this work um and to be able to serve you know this community that i love so much but i just want to acknowledge my three daughters um jesse and jennifer and ruby and my wife ellen for their ongoing support um you know in in the past and and especially coming up in 2022 so um with that i think i'll call now for the next item which is um under general government which is item 8b which is the receiver report on bits received for the 2021 road repair project and consider awarding a contract the recommended action is to receive the report on construction bid that came in um just um yesterday wednesday december 8th for the road repair project and consider award of the contract um do we have a staff report yes good evening your story i know you've just finished the previous item and i but i know it's coming up and i would just like to thank mary brooks worker support for all the public works projects and programs that have been completed um your efforts in getting those projects done the library and the signal coordination project with caltrans um it's been instrumental and i appreciate it very much so thank you and to mary brooks and vice mayor kaiser i look forward to working with you over the next year and with that i would like to share my screen and the item before each night is a update on the 2021 road repair project as our story said um this is a project that uh we opened this yesterday and so we are reporting on it typically we would report after we opened this and have all the items in there but because of the timing only one meeting in december we opened this yesterday and we're reporting tonight those projects is the first phase of our road rehabilitation project this project will dig out the worst and failed areas of sections of roadway on the selected streets some damaged curb and gutter that's been um causing flooding problems on diamond street will also be repaired streets are seeing in the treatment our 42nd avenue diamond street ruby court fan marway a avenue and capitol road there's um sections of those roads some are the entire length the second phase of this project will actually apply a flirty seal and case seal treatment over the top will be completed next spring we are partnering with the county of sanacruz and joining with their larger project um so that we can all both get better pricing just based on the economy of scale of the project um little background the council approved plans and specifications for this project in fact in october and the approved engineers estimate at that time was 135,380 dollars eight bids were received yesterday and the little bid was the amount of 110,103 dollars and 14 cents from kim corporation the kim corporation is operating out of gilroy but they have done a project with us they completed the roma street project uh approximately a year ago they did a great job on that so we look forward to working with them on this project for the city purchasing policy uh staffs actually authorized to award a contract uh as long as it comes under the approved engineers estimate in this case we are under the estimate so this north form were actually required tonight and this is a report uh that we put on the agenda just in case the bid did come in higher than our estimate um the remaining 25,746 dollars um we intend to try and use on this project to increase the amount of areas that we dig out and repair the asphalt to always do more as we know we're operating under limited budgets to repair our streets we can't dig them all up and replace them all at one time so this project we're removing the worst of the asphalt areas and coming back with the capons or a seal a later date um this month this project the this additional work can be added to the project via change order approved by the city manager so in adding to the project staff's going to focus on three streets that are in the project and then kind of added a second project that's another street that's right next to it so we're going to start this on tanmar way which um can always use a little more dig out and we're going to try and add terrace way terrace way has about a 300 square foot area that is just um it needs to be replaced and we have the opportunity now to do it uh $3,000 ad and we're anticipating being able to do that and it'd be a great time to get it done there's additional dig outs on capital road that we can also do and then there's some sidewalk repairs that we may try add in um on diamond we're replacing curb and getter and maybe add and say just to take a time and do some sidewalk repairs there so we're going to focus the additional work on those four streets so here's just some maps to orient you make sure so this is bay avenue from highway to monorain realize that's probably the entire length of bay avenue you say that before um in the green areas and the areas that we're going to dig out this area has actually been pretty good shape from um highway one to oak and oak to a capital avenue is uh in pretty very core street so we're going to dig that out replace it and then there's some areas along the next block that has some sinking trenches and other areas and we may add a small bit area here but I don't have to make very much tanmar avenues down here in the bottom of this map um you see the area where you intend to focus and then we're probably going to expand up into this area depending on how much per feet adjacent to tanmar is the area on terrace it's right at this corner that we're having some significant issues that probably the way we'd like to address like at the next map we have ruby 42nd and diamonds and there's areas all throughout here that we're going to be digging up and repairing and then capital road up here on the left you can see the mostly areas are just right before 30th avenue both of them are in the left hand lane the faster lane where uh we think it's actually tied to the irrigation overspray up from the mediums that has caused degradation of the asphalt so we're going to dig those areas up so as I said there's no council action required tonight and that ends my report but I'd be happy to answer any comments answering questions or if you have any comments thank you yeah thank you stave are there questions from councilman the oh yes uh councilman Bertrand thank you mayor um so I notice stave you're going to be doing a bunch of work around that intersection of capitol road and bay and that's an area that's going to be I think dug up again any any way to leave it till then are you talking about the roundabout project yeah I mean because I the roundabout project truthfully is several years away we're still waiting for pg and you to figure out how to underground their utilities um just currently there's no funding for the roundabout at this time so the million dollar project we're going to put together a funding program so conservatively it's two years away and I think the treatment we now are doing is very worthwhile and doing and it's not that big of an expense of the area to look how much we're going to remove of the current of what this proposed treatment is minimal so I would recommend we keep going forward with it thank you any other any other questions from council members hearing none I will I'll bring it back to the council and see if there's any comments there's no action necessary from us and seeing none um thank you Steve for that excellent job on getting the dead you know below the engineering estimate it it is it I don't know if you were concerned if I was about whether how they would come in but that's that's excellent news um and I'm particularly pleased to see that we're finally able to do something on fan mark that that's that's a road that that has been on my radar for a long long time so thank you for getting that included um and so with that I think it brings us to the next item which is just a matter of adjournment but now this is our holiday break adjournment so we won't be coming back until 2022 and I want to wish everyone happy holidays and and you know and so enjoy the break and the time off get recharged and we'll be back here in 2022 and so in closing I'll just say um everyone to remember to be kind to yourself and to be kind to others thank you so much bye bye everyone see you in holidays bye happy holidays holidays you guys goodbye


Many researchers throughout history have concluded that there was once an advanced race of humans, which were in worldwide communication with one another. Many methods for building, religious figures, and even legends have managed to cross the oceans of earth over its long life. But the most compelling evidence for this intelligent and extremely advanced ancient civilization is the alignments discovered in regards to ancient sites. With the use of modern technology, we have unraveled just how vast their knowledge must have been. For example, the Great Pyramid is aligned with Machu Picchu, the Nazca lines, and Easter Island along a straight line around the center of the earth, with a margin of error of less than one-tenth of one degree. Other sites of ancient construction that are also within one-tenth of one degree of this line include the capital city of ancient Persia, the ancient capital city of the Indus Valley, the once lost city of Petra, the ancient Sumerian city of Ur, and the temples at Angkor Wat, among many others, which are just out of alignment. Many ancient ruins demonstrate that the people who constructed them had a special interest in celestial alignments and mathematics, also that they possessed a spot-on ability of judging geographical accuracies. From north to south, there is no doubt that past civilizations were involved in incredibly complex calculations and architecture. In Giza, for instance, there are many examples of attention to spatial coordinates. The Great Pyramids' faces are aligned with the four cardinal directions almost perfectly. In fact, they are less than 0.2 of a degree off perfect alignment. More and more evidence is also surfacing in regards to the suspected use of power tools. Numerous drill marks had been discovered within ancient sites over the past few years, even including evidence of mistarts from some form of high-powered tool, and accidentally split stones apparently from some form of drilling. These discoveries not only confirm a past advanced ancient civilization here on Earth, but insinuates that they were in fact aware of electrical appliance, and maybe even an advanced form of travel that we have yet to discover. The floor space of the Great Pyramid of Giza is approximately 3,023 feet, and the height is 481 feet. Its measurements represent the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth, on a scale of 1 to 43,200. Though controversial, some interpret this number as exactly 20 times the processional number of 2,160, representing the precession of the Earth through 20 different zodiac constellations. Interestingly, the ancient Mayan culture was also heavily implicated within the alignment, a civilization who displayed advanced celestial knowledge, including a deep fascination with the ages of the zodiac, with a live calendar ending around the beginning of Aquarius. Another intriguing alignment is the 6,666 kilometer mystery. The distance between various monuments, Calash to the North Pole, Calash to Stonehenge, Egyptian Pyramids to the North Pole, Stonehenge to Devil's Tower, Stonehenge to Bermuda Triangle, Bermuda Triangle to Easter Island, and Easter Island to Tazumal, are all at a precisely 6,666 kilometer from one another. Just what exactly were these ancient civilizations up to? Rued Island holds an astonishing ancient secret. Located within the Mediterranean, it is the only inhabited island within Syria, and we believe was once an awe-inspiring fortress. Having once been protected on all sides, although very little of the wall remains, what is still in existence demonstrates an incredible past civilization's prowess, like with so many other ancient sites around the world. It was constructed using enormous megalithic blocks, once somehow masterfully placed atop one another. It is unknown whether this wall was created from fear of the seas or possible invaders, but this gigantic wall once enclosed the island completely. Known to the Greeks as Arados, it was renamed Ruad or Aruad by the Templars during the Crusades.  There have been numerous individuals of late attempting to explain away many of these enormous megalithic walls and buildings, such as the temples within Balback as mere Roman architecture. However, just like the academics they parrot, they conveniently have no logical idea as to how this was done, relying solely on modern drawings of these events rather than any form of demonstration. As we have mentioned on many occasions, it would be a logical strategy to not only adopt such awe- inspiring works of architecture as their own, but also to steal techniques these civilizations would have been capable of and claim them as their invention, such as Roman roads, Roman columns, etc. There are many buildings on our earth that are, we agree, undoubtedly 2,000 years old. Not only are their constructions documented at length, but their condition also reflects this age. However, with ruins such as the Balback temples and indeed the Wall of Ruad, their condition, along with the inexplicable nature of their construction, is not only indicative of lost knowledge, but subsequently evade current explanation. This reality persists no matter how hard some try to explain them away as more modern achievements. Yangshan Quarry, Gornaya Shoria, The Pregnant Woman, The Colossi of Menman, The List Goes On, all these ancient builds incorporate blocks well into the thousands of tons with countless more lost to history. How these structures were built is a mystery, yet if they were indeed completed by our own more modern ancestors, why is this knowledge lost to the eons? Why did these civilizations not continue these miraculous feats of engineering? Why were these supposed capable civilizations not building impenetrable fortresses to protect their flourishing civilizations from possible invaders using these same techniques? We will continue to argue, and we feel with good reason that academia, along with many other suspicious individuals, are selling you a fallacy, not only to appear all-knowing, but also to conceal that which they do not understand. Who built the Wall of Ruad, or indeed the many other sites we so often cover? The history of the earth is yet to be fully unraveled. It is a tale some find highly challenging. We have in the past covered countless incredible and compelling ruins which can be found within Japan, indeed all over the world, upon which we continue to find connecting features which not only suggest there was once a global ancient highly advanced civilization, but the chance that these architectural techniques came about at the same time in history the world over by coincidence is so slim that many said features we feel can instead only be seen as corroborating evidence of their past existence. Metal clamping techniques, enormous ancient megaliths, false doors, and the as yet to be fully understood polygonal masonry techniques have now been discovered the world over, and Japan is of no exception. Along with the polygonal masonry found upon the foundations of many temple sites, there is also the ancient fortresses of Okinawa, which also display the same uncanny ability as other sites globally, constructed of seemingly random shaped stones perfectly placed atop one another. Katsuren Castle, Zakimi Castle, among many other Gusuku castles or ancient fortresses found upon the Ryukyu Islands within Japan, all contain this same ancient masonry technique, exhibiting this now lost knowledge and thus lost civilizations know-how. Although many of the sites are claimed as restorations, any explanation as to how this ancient masonry technique was replicated within modern history remains unexplained. We must then presume that the ancient sites which exhibit this lost technique have remained intact for untold millennia and have subsequently been misdated as constructed within known New World antiquities. Found upon such ancient sites, located within Peru, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, even as far as the notoriously remote Easter Island, these sites all exhibiting this same lost masonry technique. How can we continue to take these discoveries for granted, dismissed by academics, simply due to modern paradigm, absent any logical argument to explain or indeed disregard this proof of a now lost yet once global super civilization having once been responsible? They must continue to rely on the Bering Strait theory of human migration, and ignore any site which is indicative of not only earlier construction but matching characteristics with other sites the world over, which according to said theory, simply could not have been visited by ancient civilizations, long argued as a feat which ancients were incapable of. The evidence which contradicts these claims, however, can be found still in existence upon these ancient sites. How old are the ancient fortresses of Ryukyu Islands or indeed the other polygonal sites throughout Japan and the rest of the world? Who were responsible for these incredible sites? We feel simply dismissing the evidence which shows they were the work of the same civilization is not only illogical but is a great example of the ignorance of mainstream funded institutes in regard to a possible lost chapter in human history. It is a journey of discovery which we find highly compelling. There are countless submerged and very ancient cities dotted across the oceans of our earth, many of these cities all but forgotten until their rediscoveries within the modern era. When attempting to locate these mysterious places, it is beneficial for one to be aware of past sea levels. This, of course, can make the task of locating these submerged cities an awful lot easier. The main consensus is that world sea levels have largely stayed the same since the arrival of Homo sapiens, only really dipping or rising by around 120 meters across the earth. When discussing these finds, you will, on all but a few exceptions, find yourself within these specific regions. One of the more interesting exceptions to this rule has to be the underwater city which was discovered just off the coast of Cuba a few years ago, a submerged city which sits over 700 meters below the waves. This depth, of course, being far below that which has experienced a breach over the past 100 or so thousand years. A theory that the land mass once rested upon the surface, subsequently being sunk by tectonic activities, was argued. Yet, since its exploration as a possibility, it has been found to have not been the case. The results of this investigation strongly indicating that this city and its accompanying land mass somehow remained under the waves for more than a hundred thousand years. Greenville Draper of Florida's International University concluded that it was highly unlikely that such a tectonic event could have occurred, quoted as saying, nothing of this magnitude has been reported ever before, especially from the Mediterranean. Drapers, among many others' analysis, has, of course, come to conclusions, conclusions which thankfully appear honest, making them extremely controversial. Yet, as with other fields of study and life, they are reluctant to reveal the implications of such conclusions. For example, if the research is correct, and judging by the extremely capable people tasked with this undertaking, there is no reason to suspect it is not, then this submerged city has remained submerged for over a hundred thousand years. This gives us two possible alternatives. One, that the city predates the arrival of developed man on Earth, according to academically accepted timelines, or two, it reinforces our ever-growing accusations here at Mystery History of a past here on Earth which is unimaginably more ancient than we have been led to believe, a human society which has flourished and regressed on no less than three occasions. It could, of course, be both. There is a possibility that this ancient city was indeed built submerged under the waves by a once highly advanced civilization of Homo sapiens. Yet a more likely scenario, of course, would be that this ancient city was constructed at a time when the Caribbean Sea was a dry basin, and as the sea began to form, it was subsequently submerged. Yet, alas, modern academia readily rejects such a hypothesis. So, if we do not accept this as a likely possibility, then we must conclude that a primitive ancient culture, with primitive stone tools and certainly no diving equipment, were somehow responsible for the construction of this submerged city, complete with enormous pyramids on a foundation resting over 700 meters beneath the Caribbean Sea.


Well, most zombie films and fiction isn't really about zombies. They're about people and how they deal with the problems of zombies. Well, Breathers is about zombies and how they deal with the problem of people. Just to give you a brief background, the main character, the main protagonist, Andy Warner, has died from a car accident that killed his wife, left his child orphaned, and now he lives in the basement of his parents' house. And he's completely disfigured, he can't talk, and, of course, he has a reanimated corpse. Andy! It's 8.30 in the morning and I'm drinking a bottle of 1998 Chateau Montelena Cabernet Sauvignon and watching SpongeBob SquarePants on Nickelodeon. Occasionally, I flip the channel to two cable PBS feeds and watch Sesame Street or Barney and Friends. I'd rather watch Leave It to Beaver, but we don't get TV land. Andy! I feel like I'm six years old again, staying home from school and watching TV in bed while my mom makes me cream of wheat with sliced bananas and cinnamon toast, except instead of comic book hero posters spread across my wall, I have bottles of wine, and my mother isn't making me breakfast, and my heart is no longer pumping blood through my veins. Andy! I've been living in my parents' wine cellar for nearly three months and my mother still calls out for me expecting an answer. With a sigh, I turn off the television and get up for my mattress. Dragging my left foot, I shuffle over to the stairs. At the top of the stairs, silhouetted by the light, pouring in through the kitchen window, stands my mother. Your father needs some help with the new disposal, honey, she says. Can you come up for a few minutes and give him a hand? I don't need any help, Lois, says my father from somewhere behind her. Will you just let it be? Oh, nonsense, she says. Andy would love to give you a hand. Wouldn't you, honey? I stare up at my mother in blink, wondering if she lost her mind when I died in the accident or when I showed up three days later at the SPCA needing room and board. Behind her, my father reasserts he doesn't need my assistance, adding he would rather not have to breathe the stench of my rotting flesh. It's just for a few minutes, my mother whispers to my father. Her head turned away from me. It'll make him feel useful. She says this like I can't hear her. Well, don't just stand there dawdling, she says, turning back to me. Come on up and help your father. It takes me nearly two minutes to climb the 15 steps from the wine cellar to the house. The entire time, I hear my father grumbling about how other men have normal families. Not every corpse that reanimates moves in with his or her parents or has a friend or relative willing to take them in. Nearly half end up homeless or in shelters, with the less unfortunate getting-unfortunate getting harvested for parts and sold to medical facilities or impact testing centers. And it's rare for a spouse to take the undead back into the fold, especially if they're any breather children. I don't know about the other states, but California's Child Protective Services frowns upon single parents who allow a zombie to live at home. And when it comes to visitation rights, the undead have zero. After the accident, my seven-year-old daughter, Annie, went to live with my wife's sister in Monterey. As far as Annie knows, I'm dead. But during the first few weeks after I reanimated, I would call my sister-in-law's place every day, hoping Annie would answer the phone just so I could hear her voice and tell her aunt and uncle got an unlisted phone number. After a couple of months, I gave up. Eventually I decided everyone was acting in the best interest of my daughter. As much as I miss Annie and wish I could see her again, I don't think it'd be a good idea. Knowing her father as a zombie might not be something she's ready or able to accept. Besides, I don't want her to remember me this way, and I don't exactly think she'd want to take me to any father-daughter picnics. Show and tell, maybe. When I reach the top of the stairs and step into the kitchen, my mother sprays me with a can of Glade neutralizer fragrance, circling around and covering me from head to toe, emptying the last of the can in my hair. My parents buy Glade and bulk. Mom prefers the neutralizer fragrance because it works directly toward the source of the odor. I'm partial to Lilac Spring, though Tropical Mist has a nice fruity scent. My father is on his back under the kitchen sink, his head and upper torso inside the cabinet. A brand new garbage disposal sits on the counter next to the sink. Harry, my mother says, and he's here to help. I don't need any goddamn help, he says, straining to loosen a bolt on the old garbage disposal. Oh, nonsense, my mother says. You've been under that sink for over an hour already. Of course you need help. My father could probably pay a plumber and have the disposal fixed in under an hour. Instead, he'd rather spend three hours at growing frustrated and swearing in inanimate objects so he can save $120. Lois, my father says going after the bolt again, I'm going to say this one last time. I don't need any help. The wrench slips and my father's hand smashes against something hard and metal. My father slides out from under the sink, holding his right hand and reeling off a string of profanities that would make me blush if I still had any blood in my cheeks. He storms out of the kitchen, making sure to give me a wide berth and holding his breath while avoiding eye contact.  He's just in a mood. My father's been in a mood ever since I've come home. My mother removes a cookie sheet filled with Pillsbury cinnamon rolls from the oven and sets it on the counter, then grabs a knife and starts to slather the cinnamon rolls with a pre-packaged icing. There are a lot of things I miss about being alive, going out to the movies with my wife, who's been playing Annie play soccer, sitting around a beach bonfire without having to wonder if someone's going to try to throw me into it. And sometimes, I miss food. It's not that I don't eat. I eat all the time. But one of the major drawbacks of being a zombie, aside from the decomposing flesh and the absence of civil rights and the children who scream at the side of you, is that food has lost most of its flavor. Everything tastes unseasoned, unsweetened, watered down. You need... Sorry, even the wine I drink I can't appreciate and I don't get drunk. You need a functioning circulatory system for that. So mostly, I eat out of habit or boredom with perfunctory pleasure and no definitive memory of how anything is supposed to taste. But as I watch my mother spread icing across the cinnamon rolls, I'm overcome with nostalgia. It's like 30 years have been wiped away in an instant and I'm sitting at the breakfast table. My stalking feet dangling above the floor. A mug of steaming hot chocolate in front of me as I wait in anticipation for my mother to finish icing the cinnamon rolls. I want to tell my mother I love her, but I can't. I want to give her a hug, but I don't because I'm afraid she might scream. Or else open up another can of glade on me. Sometimes I feel guilty about what I've put my parents through, but it's not like I've done this on purpose. Still, I appreciate what they've done for me, all that they've sacrificed. They could have left me at the SPCA.  Here you go, honey. My mother hands me a plate with a hot, steaming, freshly-iced cinnamon roll. I smile and go to sit down at the kitchen table. Oh, Andy, could you take it downstairs? She says, we have company coming over.


This is stock number 11458Z. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2018 Chevy Silverado 2500 crew cab short box High-country edition this truck has the 6.6L Duramax diesel with the L5P motor which pumps out 445 horsepower. Cajun red tint coat is the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the truck before seeing it in person and if you'd like to check out all the photos on this truck in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link to our website click that and check us out there this one comes with the 20 inch chromed alloy rims and it has Nitto Ridge Grappler LT 265 60R 20 tires these are the chromed rims they are in really nice shape no major scuffs or scrapes on them and the tires themselves look like they have a lot of tread left I would say probably 80 to 90 percent of the tread left on those tires frame and under bodies in really nice shape front fender no dents or dings on there looks really good projector lamp headlamps factory fog lights you get the painted front bumpers front bumpers in great shape I didn't see any major dents dings or scuffs or scrapes or rock chips on it comes with the front bumper parking sensors chrome trimmed grille and you get that cowl hood on there they started doing that with the L5P motor has a nice bug shield on it as well and the passenger side front fender no major dents or dings on there and the passenger side rim no major scuffs or scrapes as you go down this side of the truck take note of how clean the body is how reflective and mirror like that paint is we take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle you can see the truck hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises and that's why we offer the summit auto fast pass option in the upper right hand part of your screen a link right to our website where you can apply for financing get pre approved see a payment quote even appraise the trade all from the comfort of your own home so when you get here all you have to do drive the truck love it and it'll be all set to go back tires are just as new as the front tires and you can see the frame and underbody is an exceptionally nice condition and it's like that all the way underneath has all the remaining factory exhaust so it hasn't been altered in any way and all the lower rockers look really good as well it does come with the factory chrome step bars and down the rest of the side of the box looks really good coming around to the back rear bumpers in great shape no major dents or dings on that does have the backup parking sensors the rear bumper steps full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring and the tailgate is in really nice shape as well this is a locking tailgate also a shock down assist so it's never going to slam down on you comes with a goose neck hitch and seven pin wiring in the bed also spraying bed liner and the bed itself is an excellent condition i didn't see any major dents or dings on that tailgate shuts nice and solidly and as you go down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger side you get those mud flaps which keeps your lower rockers looking good and for full disclosure this back rim no scuffs or scrapes on there down the rest of the side of the truck looks pretty good you get the telescopic tow mirrors built in directional signals led side lights running lights they telescope out like that they also fold in and i'm thinking they've probably power fold in we'll check that on the second inside the high country package gives you the brown leather interior you get the kind of grayish tan piping on there you get high country stitched into the backrest or the headrest i should say no scuffs or skate scrapes or excessive wear both these seats are heated both of these seats are cooled weather tech floor mats throughout bows sound power windows power locks power mirrors memory driver seat and then these mirrors like i said do power fold in i always like showing both sides so that you know that all the options are working auto head lamps turned out four wheel drive you do get a factory brake controller tilt and telescopic steering wheel and we'll hop inside the truck here turn the ignition on see that this one has 28 341 miles you do get a digital speedometer compass display you can adjust that brightness there but very nice and clean comes with the leather wrapped steering wheel this is a heated steering wheel cruise controls or i'm sorry bluetooth and information center controls on the right cruise controls heated steering wheel controls on the left forward collision warning controls on the left as well comes with the allison six speed transmission you do get the chevy my link system in here amfm and serious xm radio capabilities this is also has the factory navigation system and you can do projection from here to project it to from your cell phone to the screen if you have android auto or apple carplay in case you want to use a different navigation system or just play music on the screen there from your phone down here your is your cd player your dual climate controls your heated and cooled seat buttons power pedals stability control that's for your cargo lamps that's how you turn those led side lights on in the mirrors lane departure parking sensors and then your factory exhaust brake you do get two usb's two 12 volt power points and then 110 volt 150 watt plug in passenger side floor mat and seat are in excellent condition no rips or tears on there get that same stitching on the passenger side headrest and the headliner is in nice shape map lights up here home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems power sliding rear window controls and your on-star capabilities in the rear view mirror we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll start it up and check out under the hood it does have the wireless cell phone charge pad back seats are just as clean as the front seats no rips no tears back here it does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats you may have power sliding rear window with the built-in rear defrost get that same piping on the back seats no rips no tears weather tech formats throughout back here keeps your carpeting looking like new get that same trim on the doors back here bottoms of the doors all look really good there are those led side lights I was telling you about they are super bright really lights up the side of the truck at night and we'll start it up so just want to point out there's no check engine lights or any warning lights going on and we'll take a quick look under the hood I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out under the hood we have the 6.6 liter Duramax easel L5 speed motor 445 horsepower engine bay is very clean very smooth once again this truck has been fully safetyed and inspected by always for the shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been tracked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go I would highly recommend this stuff from a quality and condition standpoint and to see more pictures of this one or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks SCVs minivans wranglers half tons or quarter tons one tons you name it we got to go to that website right there www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact the second you will see link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left and link to more Chevy 2500 truck videos like this one on your right if you have not been on our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we're super excited to be offering this extremely clean 2018 Chevy Silverado 2500 crew cab short box high country and Cajun red tin coat thanks again for checking out the video


Good day, fellow investors. The Fed has finally done it. It has listened to politicians, to Trump. It has lowered interest rates to stimulate to the economy or to prevent the economy to go into a recession or a slowdown or to prevent the stock market just to fall. The S&P 500 went above 3,000 points so unemployment is great, the economy is doing great, stocks are doing great and then the Fed does anything that it can do to keep things as those are. In this video I want to really discuss what's going on, put it into a long-term perspective because there are some real structural things that are going on. As we have discussed with the video on Ray Dalio, how there is a paradigm shift coming so it might come tomorrow, it might come over the next 10, 15 years but it is time for us to get ready to what might come in the future because this is irrational, it is ridiculous but we have to a. take advantage of it and b. not get burned when things actually change.  It might be, it might not be. I have to be ready for everything.   So I hope that these things that are going on now with financial engineering don't destroy the world. I think I believe in humans so I think we'll be better off in the future. So that's something we have to keep in mind. Let's discuss the situation. So the Fed lowered interest rates now. If you look at previous interest rates cuts you can see that those were usually just before a recession to stimulate the economy, to help the economy to lower the effects of a recession except for the 1990s, mid of 1990s when actually the Fed was gradually lowering rates and even hiking them before the 2001 recession. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't work. In 90% of the cases it led to a recession. Also 1980s but those were different times. Now why cut rates now? The economy is doing good 2.1%, 3%. We haven't seen a recession over the last 10 years. There are no indications of a recession coming tomorrow. Civilian unemployment rate extremely low. It wasn't so low since the 1960s. So everything looks very, very good. Why to cut rates now? Well, because the current economy is based on financial engineering, low interest rates and they want to prevent or delay any kind of recession, any kind of market crisis, any kind of financial crisis. Some would argue, me too perhaps, that the recession would be good, especially a short term recession because it would weed out all those businesses that would not survive in a normal business environment that are surviving only thanks to low interest rates. This is not allowed to happen because it would lower economic growth, of course, but it would make the fundamentals stronger and with the current actions, the Fed, the politicians, they are making the fundamentals weaker and weaker and that usually doesn't end up well historically. And here we are talking 10, 20, 40, 50 years, so it might not happen in the next 10, 20 years and that's something we have to keep in mind. If we look again at economic growth, it's good, but it's the slowest in history, even with the largest stimulus in history over the last 10 years. So there is something wrong with the economy because with so much money, with everything being so easy, financial printing, that it's not growing as fast as it used to go. The problem is that growth and stability is based on wrong foundations, just federal debt has doubled over the last years, exploded over the last few years and it cannot sustain higher interest rates. That would be very detrimental for the country. I'm talking here about the US, but the same situation is globally, Europe, Japan, all developed countries are in the same situation. So interest rates are not good for anyone that is in debt. Lower is always better and Trump is always happy to say that and he is notorious for always being in debt, for loving low interest rates, for loving a lot of debt, for growth to build wealth on debt. And that's what he's doing, that's what he's forcing the Fed to do and that's the predominant way of doing things. And here you always see why it is so important. If you look at the network, this is 2015 table that I managed to find quickly, but the total network is now per household about $100,000. Of debt, house prices and equity makes the most of it. So financial assets, house prices exploded over the last 20, 40 years as interest rates went down, stocks exploded as interest rates went down. So there is the reason why they cannot lower interest rates because if house prices fall, if stocks prices fall, the whole economy falls apart everywhere. Because if you are 75, if you look at who has the most money, let's say in the United States, then the older people have more money and they sell their stocks, younger people have debt, they can buy houses and everything. And then they can build new houses, new retirement homes, second homes, third bathrooms, fifth cars, etc. And debt is needed to grow the economy. So it doesn't increase the happiness, but it is the wrong fundamentals. At some point your fifth house doesn't make you happier and at some point we will see a recession. If the fundamentals aren't good, it might be a very, very bad recession. And that's what Delio is discussing with wealth inequality, with the disparity between the rich and the poor, higher taxes in the future, or a lot of money printing, stagflation, high inflation to save the situation. So if stocks would fall 50%, that would be a hit of 20% to network that would destroy spending, building, whatever. So the stock market has to stay up. That's why I'm thinking the S&P 500 will be 5-10,000 points in the next 10-20 years because the Fed and central banks globally will simply print money to push it higher, higher and higher. So the implications aren't good. Money is becoming worthless and that will lead to inflation. It has already been doing so. Look at gold prices or other financial asset prices. Gold is up 5-7 times over the last 20 years in US dollars. Housing is up. Everything is going up, but real wages aren't going up. So the rich are getting richer and the poor are staying poor. So there is a big discrepancy. The fundamentals will see how it goes up. And now how to invest? How to invest? I think we are in uncharted territories. Nobody knows how it will look like in 2 years, who will win the elections, how it will look like in 5 years, 10 years. Will there be a global shock? Will be a natural shock? Will something happen to change the current pretty stable situation? Nobody knows that. So we cannot know whether we'll see deflation, whether we'll see inflation, whether we'll see whatever Martians coming and taking us over. So the thing is that we have to be ready for everything. And this is my message for today. You have to see, OK, how diversified am I? Do I have that fixed interest rate, long-term mortgage? Yes, it means that if there is inflation, if the Fed prints money, I'm doing well. Because the government has a lot of that. So if I have that, I'll do well. Stocks, yes, land, equity, home ownership, investing in various investments, businesses, knowledge. And then I think the key message is when something happens, like we have seen in 2009, take advantage of that. That is something you have to be mentally ready. And the best message I can give to investors is, over the next 10 years, be mentally ready to take advantage of whatever happens. Global diversification. I have stocks around the world, from Russia, from China, Europe, investing in Africa, everywhere. Because I'm trying to diversify away from the weak fundamentals of developed countries, but still exposed to developed countries. I have a pension fund. You have perhaps a pension fund that invests in stocks of developed countries, developed markets. So we are all along the government's social security. So we are already along that. So I might diversify into other things to make your financial well-being good whatever happens. And if you can buy those things on the cheap, then you'll do well. If you just look at gold, it was a 200. Nobody wanted it in 2002. So don't focus on the thing everybody is chasing now, the SAP 500, for example, and start buying those things that nobody wants now, but might want in the future. So we'll see what will happen in the future. It will be interesting to check. I think there will be a recession. There will be a stock inflation. There will be printing money. There will be inflation. There will be ups and downs. There will be much more volatility. There will be political issues. But over the long term, I think humans will prevail as it was the case in the past. So we have to be smart, follow the situation, subscribe to this channel to follow the situation, to follow what's going on, and find smart investments to take advantage of what's going on of the money printing of the lower interest rates, but also get prepared for whatever might happen, because nobody knows what will happen. Thank you for watching. I'll see you in the next video.


Okay, so thanks for the introduction. So this presentation is about a new property of five round of AS. So AS is probably the most widely studied and used block cipher. So far, no random property which are independent of the secret key are known for up to four round of AS. So in this paper, we propose the first property which is independent of the secret key for up to five round of AS. So the presentation is organized as follows. In next slide, I present these new property and I show how it can be exploited to set up a new secret key distinguisher for up to five round of AS.  So I will reformulate it using the suspension notation which was recently introduced at FSC 2017. And then we use this notation to give an idea of the proof of this property. And finally, I reconquered with some open problems. So I guess everyone knows AS, I will remember some few details. So AS is a block cipher which is based on a design principle known as substitution permutation network. It works on block size of 16 bytes which are organized in a four times four matrix. And it used key size of 16, 24 or 32 bytes. So depending on the key size, the number of round is 10, 12 or 14. Each round is composed of four operations and S-box, a shift rolls, a mixed column and another on-cube operation. So the S-box is the only nogginia operation. Each byte is replaced by another one according to this S-box function which is derived by the multiplicative inverse in GF228. Shift rolls and mixed column are inner operations. Shift rolls simply match diagonal two columns. And then each column is multiplied by a four times four matrix. And finally, we have the other on-cube operation. So we simply add the key. So for completeness, there's also an initial other on-cube operation and usually the final mixed column is omitted. I would like also to record the definition of secret key distinguisher. So secret key distinguisher is one of the weakest cryptography attack. So there are two arches. One simulate the block cipher for which the cryptography key has been chosen random and the other arches simulate a two-year random permutation. The goal of the attacker is to distinguish these two arches. So to decide which arches is the two-year random permutation and which arches is the cipher. Secret key distinguisher are important for two reasons. First, because they provide a theoretical limitation about the security of a block cipher. So a block cipher must look as a pseudo-random permutation. And second, because they are usually starting point for key recovery attacks. So what about a yes? As I said, up to four-round of a yes, there are secret key distinguisher that are independent of the secret key. In particular, they exploit the following properties to get the differential, zero sum and impossible differential. So these property are independent of the secret key. I briefly recorded the property on four-round. So zero sum and impossible differential. The idea is to start with a set of two, the 32 shares in plain text with one active diagonal. So an active byte is a byte that can assume an impossible value, and the other 12 bytes are constant. So impossible differential was proposed for a yes in 17 years ago. So for each pair of plain text in this set, it is possible to prove that the corresponding cipher text cannot be equal in any of the four anti-diagonal. So for simplicity, I assume that the final mix column is omitted. And zero sum was proposed in 1997. So if we start with this set of plain text, then the sum of the corresponding cipher text after four-round is equal to zero. Now the question is, okay, if we start with the same set of plain text, is there any property that is independent of the secret key after five-round of a yes? So before to present our property, I would like to record briefly the state of the work in geisha too. So any key recovery attack can be used as a secret key distinguisher, but this is obviously not independent of the secret key, because in this case, part of the key or even the entire key, if you think to brute force, must be known in order to distinguish block cipher from the random permutation. So what about the yes? The most recent result about five-round of a yes was proposed at crypto last year. It is a zero sum distinguisher with this property. It depends on only one byte of the key, not all. It's independent of the S-box, but not of the mix column matrix. So it exploit the fact that two elements of each column of the mix column matrix are identical. And finally, it requires the full code book. So our property is the phone wings. Assume for the moment that the final mix column is omitted, we consider a set of two, the fortuitous and plain text with one active diagonal, so the same as before. And we consider the number of different pair of side texts which are equal in one fixed anti-diagonal. It is possible to prove that this number is always a multiple of eight, independent of the secret key of the details of the S-box and of the mix column matrix. So a similar property also indicates in which the final mix column is not omitted and also in the decryption direction. So using chosen side text instead of plain text, I will give a formal statement in the following. So assume for the moment that this property is two, I will give a proof in the final part of this presentation. So how can we use it to distinguish a yes from random permutation? Well, it is very simple. We start with this set of two, the fortuitous and plain text. We count the number of pair of side texts which are equal in one fixed anti-diagonal. If this number is not a multiple of eight, then we can deduce that the random permutation is a random permutation. So if you want to distinguish five random a yes from a random permutation with probability of success higher than 99.5%, we need two, the fortuitous and plain text and a computational cost of approximately two, the fortuitous stable lookups. So if you're interested in the implementation, you can find it in this following this thing. So this is a property I would like now to reformulate it using the subspace annotation. So subspace annotation was proposed at FAC 2017. I don't recall the details, I already recall some information that are useful for the following. So for a yes, it is possible to define several subspace, for example, the common space, diagonal space, and so on. I already focus on the diagonal space, invest diagonal space, and make space. So the diagonal space is defined as the space of all the matrices which are given by inner combination of these four matrices where EJI is the matrix with all the elements equal to zero except for the one in the row J and column Y. So this is an example for the zero where we have all the matrices with all the elements equal to zero except for the ones in the first diagonal. So for the following, what does it mean that two elements belong to the same concept of a diagonal space DI? So two elements belong to the same concept of a diagonal space DI, which is defined in this way, if and or if their defense belong to the subspace DI, which means by definition that the two texts are equal, you know, byte except for the ones in the I've diagonal. So this is an example for the subspace D zero. Invest diagonal space is defined as the inner combination of these four matrices. So this is an example for ID zero where all the bytes are equal to zero except for the ones in the first anti-diagonal. And finally, the mixed space is defined as the mixed column applied to the invested diagonal space. So all these subspace have dimension four, but we can also define subspace of higher dimension using the simple formula. What is important to remember for the following is that each coset of a diagonal space is mapped into a coset of a mixed space after two rounds. We're equivalent that if we start with two texts in the same coset of a diagonal space, then they belong to the same coset of a mixed space after two rounds with probability one. So we can use this notation to reformulate this property. So consider planets in the same coset of a diagonal space DI, and count the number of different pairs of side texts that belong to the same coset of a mixed space after five rounds. So this number is a multiple of eight. If the final mixed column is omitted, you can simply replace the mixed space with the invested diagonal space and the same property also in the description direction. So using side texts in the same coset of a mixed space and counting the number of pairs of planets that belong to the same coset of a diagonal space. Now in this final part, I would like to give the idea of the proof of this property. So we have just seen that each coset of a diagonal space is mapped into a coset of a mixed space after two rounds. We're equivalent that if two elements belong to the same coset of a diagonal space, then they belong to the same coset of a mixed space after two rounds. So we have a property on five round. The idea is to prove another property, an equivalent property on a single round. So we start with planets in the same coset of a diagonal space, but this coset is mapped into a coset of a mixed space after two rounds. So the idea is to work on only on the gas-free round. And the equivalent, if you count the number of pairs of ciftex that belong to the same coset of a mixed space, this equivalent to the number of pairs of tex that belong to the same coset of a diagonal space two round before. So instead to work on five round, we can work on a single round, so on the middle round. So the property that we are going to prove is the following, so we consider tex in the same coset of a mixed space, ciftex, we consider the ciftex after one round, and we prove that the number of different pairs of ciftex that belong to the same coset of a diagonal space after one round is a multiple of eight. So for simplicity, I need to consider the case of a mixed space, I'm zero. The proof is completely equivalent for the other cases. So we have two plain tex in this coset, I'm zero per say, so by definition there exist eight variables such that the two plain tex can be rewritten in this way. So for the following, I say that P1 is generated by x1, y1, z1 and w1 and P2 by the corresponding four variables. So the idea of the proof is the following. If there are given a pair of plain tex, if the corresponding ciftex belong to the same coset of a diagonal space after one round, we prove that there are other pair of plain tex for which the ciftex have the same property. And in particular, we study these following cases. So the case in which the pair of plain tex has three equal variables, the case in which they have only two equal variables, and so on. So the first case is very simple. If three variables are equal, then the two plain tex cannot belong to the same coset of a diagonal space after one round with probability one. So for the following, we need to consider the case in which at least two variables are different. So consider the case in which two variables are different, so we have P1 and P2 defined in this way where z and w are equal. It is possible to prove that P1 and P2 belong to the same coset of a diagonal space after one round if at P1 and at P2 have the same properties of the same property where at P1 and at P2 are defined in this way. So P at P1 is defined by x1 and y2, y at P2 by x2 and y1. So the idea is to consider a different combination of the generating variables. And to show this, it is sufficient to prove that the difference between P1 and P2 is equal to the difference between at P1 and at P2 after one round. So this is an example for the byte 0 and 0. What is important to observe is that this difference is independent of z and w. So actually we have a stronger result. So if we have P1 and P2 as before, it is possible to prove that they belong to the same coset of a diagonal space after one round if and only if at P1 and at P2 have the same property, where in this case, z and w can take any possible values. So if we give it to consider the pair of printx with two equal generating variables, then the number of collisions is a multiple of 2 to the 17. So we have a factor 2 due to this different combination of the generating variables. And a factor 2 to the 16 due to the fact that z and w can take any possible values. So a small observation P1 and P2, defining this way, can belong to the same coset of a diagonal space after one round if and only if the cardinality of g is at least free. The proof for the other case is equivalent. So we have in this case P1 and P2 with only one generating variable. So they belong to the same coset of a diagonal space after one round if and only if at P1 and P2 have the same properties, where at P1 and P2 are defining this way. So by this combination, where w can take any possible value. So in this case, the number of collisions is a multiple of 2 to the 10. So we have a factor 2 to the 8 due to the fact that w can take any possible value, and a factor 4 due to the different combination of the generating variables. So P1 and P2 defining this way can belong to the same coset of a diagonal space after one round if and only if the cardinality of g is at least 2. And finally, the final case is equivalent. So we have P1 and P2 with no equal generating variables. Again, they belong to the same coset of a diagonal space after one round if and only if at P1 and P2 have the same properties, where at P1 and P2 are generated by this combination of variables. So we can simply collect all these results, and it is very simple to observe that independent of the cardinality of g, the number of collisions is always a multiple of 8. And equivalent proof also for the other initial space. So to conclude, this is the first five round secret distinguisher for yes, which is independent of the secret key. We would like to give some open problems. So the first is to set up a six round secret key distinguisher for yes, which is independent of the secret key, or if you want to improve these five round secret key distinguisher. So to propose other five round secret key distinguisher, which are faster, or which requires a less number of plain text or side text. The second problem is to set up a key recovery attack that exploits this five round secret key distinguisher, or a modified version of it. Remember that user key secret key distinguisher has a certain point for key recovery attack. And the final problem is to apply similar distinguisher to other construction or to non-key distinguisher, or to construct non-key distinguisher. So that's all. Thanks for your attention. So we have some time for questions. Yes? Thank you. So have you considered the probabilistic frontier here, basically? Can you do six, seven rounds if you admit something which works like for 1% of the keys? Not yet. It's beyond future work. Thanks. More questions? I have one. Do you have any directions you plan to follow in order to extend it into a key recovery attack? We are planning to use this distinguisher in order to set up key recovery attacks so it's a working progress. OK. And can you give some clues on how to do it? Not yet. Maybe it's too early. Sorry.