Hey, time for tonight's mini lecture. And here's a program that we developed some time ago, which you give a distance that something falls in meters. And then we figure out how long it takes to fall that distance. And in fact, let me just change something here real quick. Let's have a final double gravity is 9.8. And then we can get rid of this magic number and replace it with something more meaningful. There, I'm happy now. Doesn't take much to please me, I guess. And let's compile this and execute it. And if something falls, let's say 50 meters, 3.194 seconds. Okay, no problem there. It's pretty straightforward. Now let's try this again and both have a distance fallen of negative 45 meters. And we get not a number seconds. That's what NAN stands for. And the reason we get not a number is because when you try to take the square root of a negative number, you can't do it, and that's not a number. Gee, wouldn't it be nice if we could tell people, hey, we don't allow you to fall a negative distance? Let me repeat that. Wouldn't it be nice if we could tell people, hey, you can't fall a negative distance? And that's why we're going to have something called the IF statement in Java that lets us test conditions and do one thing if the condition is true and something else if the condition is false. So right here, before we go and do this call to the time to fall method, we're going to have an IF. The IF is followed by a space, always, always, always, at least according to our style guidelines. Now you may work for some of the company in the future where they say, no, don't leave a space after IF and then before the parentheses. In this course, you always leave a space after the word IF. Then we have in parentheses a condition to test. We want to test if the distance is greater than zero and if the distance is greater than, actually we can say if it's greater than or equal to zero. If it's on the ground, it won't take any time to get there. If the distance is greater than zero, we're going to open up a new block of code and inside that block, we're going to calculate the time and print it out. Otherwise, which means the distance must be less than zero, we can print out a reasonable error message such as distance cannot be negative. So there is your classic IF statement. If some condition is true, we do the block also called the IF clause. Otherwise, else, we do the code in the ELSE clause. And let's compile that and run it. And this time if I had to fall 45 meters, everything still works fine. If I try and fall zero meters, that's fine also. But if I try to fall negative 288 meters or 298.55, what the heck, let's be fancy. It tells us the distance cannot be negative. So again, this is your standard IF and ELSE. Yeah, let's go back and look at our pricing. I think that actually I'm not sure if I ever wrote this one before. So let's take a look at this and what we're going to do, actually let me open up a simpler one here, pricing one dot Java. I'm going to build up to this later one, other one later. We have a tax rate of seven and a half percent. We're going to ask you to enter a unit price and a quantity. And depending on that, we're going to give this subtotal, the amount of tax and the grand total, and then print all of that out. Let's run it to show what it looks like first. So if I have, let's say $5 and I buy 30 items, it's 150 and the tax at seven and a half percent is $11.25 and the total is 161.25. I just want to make a quick comment on this print F. Notice first of all, the tax rate is a decimal, 0.075. So when I'm going to display it as the percentage, I have to multiply it by a hundred. That fills in this percent 4.1 F, namely four decimal places with one to the right. Now I wanted to follow it by a percent sign. Let's go and run this again here so we can see it $5 and 30 of them. And notice I'm putting a percent sign here on the screen. The problem is, and I think I've talked about this before, percent sign is special. It means introduce a placeholder. So if I want a true percent sign, I have to put two percent sign in a row that says, no, no, no, this isn't a placeholder. I really, really want a percent sign to appear on the screen. Well, we know how to use our if statements already and I'm going to put those in later, but I'm going to show you another version of the if statement. And let's say that if you order more than a thousand of something, then you're going to have to confirm a purchase. We'll still give you all the invoice information, but we need to give you a warning message. So after we've given all of this stuff with the total here, I'm going to say if the quantity is greater than 1,000, then we are going to say system.out.print line. Please confirm this large order by calling 1-800-555-1212. There's no else clause here. If the quantity is greater than 1,000, then I'll ask you to confirm it. If the quantity is not greater than 1,000, there's no else, we don't have to do anything.  So let's compile this and run it. And if I have, again, $5 and I buy 30 of them, there's nothing special about that. But if I have something cost $7.95 and I order 1,024 of them, I'll get the message to please confirm the large order by calling 1-800-555-1212. And in fact, I should probably put a system.out.print line here, again, for readability. Going back to our falling object, there's something I need to talk about, semi-unpleasant. And that is, notice there's only one statement as the result of an else here. All right, I'm going to write this in the notes. I'm going to put some notes here. When there is only one statement in the if clause or the else clause body, you can omit the braces, but don't do it. That is against our style guidelines for one. And also, if you leave them out, you can run into some situations that are ambiguous at best and wrong at worst. So even though technically I could get rid of these braces here. In fact, I'll do it just to show you that it does work. Let's say negative 20 meters, everything's fine. If I say 25.3 meters, everything works still. But again, don't do that. The reason I am telling you about this is because you are going to see a lot of code that other people have written and they will take advantage of this shortcut, even though it's a really, really, really bad idea. Let me save this file here real quick. Back to our pricing. Here, again, this is what is called a unary else, unary if statement. There's no else clause. Whereas what we have here in falling objects, this is what is called a binary if, as both an if and an else clause. Now, there are some people who just can't stand the idea of having a unary if. They just say, well, it just doesn't look right. It's incomplete. It's bugging me. If it is bugging you, I'll show you how to take care of that. Let's call this pricing one v.java if statement. Well, now we're going to have a binary if statement because we're going to have an else clause. Otherwise, I'm going to open up a block and inside of it, I'm going to put a comment. You want the comment there to let everybody know that you intentionally, really, really, you do want to do nothing in the case that the quantity is less than or equal to 1,000. And now, everybody's happy because they have a binary if. Still compiles fine. If I have $5.30 of them, no message. $5.00, 1,024 of them, I have the message. So yeah, you can write either unary or binary if statements. Most of the time, you'll be writing binary if statements. Most of your decisions that you make when programming have a natural this or that. Okay, I'm sorry. This is one of the things that I'm trying to find the right word to write here. So just to be able to let you know, you need to know about both of them. I can tell you right now that 99% of the time when you write your statements, you're gonna have an else clause. That's just the nature of the beast. Okay, let's go back to our pricing here and let's talk about what to decay. I'm gonna keep this here. Now, here's the first question. Remember, okay, well, let's back to do this here. Let's say my unit price, if I put in negative five and 3,000 or 300, okay, that's clearly ridiculous. I would like to have an if statement or an if else to allow me to say that the unit price has to be positive. So what we're going to do is as soon as we get the unit price, we're gonna say if the unit price is greater than zero, can we have a unit price of zero? I don't think it makes much sense. Then it's okay to do all the rest of this stuff. Now, I could indent all of this by hand, but it's a lot easier for me to select all the lines and press the tab key. And voila, Genian does the indenting for me. It keeps everything nice and neat. Otherwise, system.out.print line, price must be greater than zero. And let's go and look at this. So if my unit price is $5.34, I order 17 of them. Great, everything works wonderfully. If I say negative $5.43, then price has to be greater than zero and it doesn't even ask me for the quantity. I've got bad data right away. You'll notice something interesting here. Here I have an if statement and there is an if statement inside of it. This is what's called a nested if statement. So ifs can have ifs inside of them. How cool is that? I can, that means I can also do something here for the quantity. I'm going to read the quantity in and now I'm going to ask you another question. If the quantity is greater than zero, then it's okay to do all of the rest of this stuff. Let's try that again. I intended one line too much. Otherwise quantity must be greater than zero. Let's see what I can do here. Let's hide the message window. So you can see this thing in all of its wonderfulness. This is why indenting, by the way, is incredibly important. So we can see things as they are nested. So if the unit price is greater than zero, then it's okay to ask for the quantity. If that's greater than zero, then it's okay to do all the rest of my calculations. If the quantity is not greater than zero, by the way, you'll notice this highlighted in blue, this opening brace on line 23. On line 41, you will see the closing brace. Jeannie does that for you as it can help you see where things are. So if the quantity is not greater than zero, then we print out the message on line 42. And again, if the unit price is greater than zero, everything we can proceed. Otherwise, well, this is interesting. It doesn't seem to be highlighting anything. Ooh, it's highlighting this thing down here. That means I'm missing something somewhere. Am I missing something? Let's see, is it else? Oh, yes, I'm missing something. I forgot the closing brace here. There we go. Now when I do this if statement here, by the way, the compiler would have caught this for me. And there's the else that goes with this if. So let's say I have $5.34 and I want negative 20 of them. Can't do it. I have $5.34 and I want 20 of them. Everything's still fine. And again, my unary if is still working. If I have $5.34 and I want 1,567 of them, I still have to confirm that large order. This is what's called a nested sequence of if statements. But the next thing I'm going to talk about something called an if else chain. I'm gonna do a different version of pricing. I'm not gonna put in all of this data checking to check if our unit price and quantity are greater than zero. I might add that later, but I don't wanna add too much to one program because then things get really hard to follow. So let's look at pricing too. Now this one's quite different. We have a unit price and quantity and I wanna figure out the subtotal, the tax, and the grand total. You also get a discount before tax based on the quantity. So if you order less than 10, you get no discount. If you go between 10 and 30, you get 3%. 30, but from 30 up to 70, but not including 70, you get 8%. And if you order 70 or more, you get a 12% discount. And here I have put in all of these levels. So here's the quantity level that you have and the amount of discount that you get. Level three is greater than or equal to 70 so it doesn't really matter. There is no upper limit. Now here's my plan. I think this one deserves being planned out. We need to concentrate on asking for the quantity. So after we get the quantity, if the quantity is less than 10, then we're going to set our discount to zero. Otherwise we have another question to ask. Well, what if the quantity is less than 30? Then we're going to set the discount to 3%. If it's not less than 30, then it must be greater than or equal to 30 in which case we're going to ask, well, is the quantity less than 70? And if that's the case, we're going to set the discount to 8%. And if it's not less than 70, it's greater than or equal to 70, it's our last case. We don't have to ask. We don't need to indent one more level, luckily for us. Otherwise we're going to set the discount to 12%. So we're going to be marching off to the right-hand side. That's my plan. Notice we have a lot of nesting going on here. I'm going to write this the long way, exactly the way I have this here. So after I get the quantity, I ask if the quantity is less than the level one quantity, well, first of all, we're going to have to have a variable for our discount, aren't we? Let's call it discount percent and let's set it to 0.0. If we have less than level one, then we set our discount percent to be level one discount. Otherwise we have another decision to make if the quantity is less than level two quantity, I'm sorry, I have level zero here. I lied. Oh, this is going to be a lot of typing. Bear with me, okay? So we have level zero discount, which is zero. Perfect. And level one discount, level one quantity, then our discount percent is going to be level one. Discount. And if that's not the case, then we have to ask you another question. Well, maybe is the quantity less than the level two quantity? And in that case, we're going to set our discount percent to be the level two discount. Otherwise it's more than, oops, otherwise it's more than that. And I set my discount percent to be level three discount. And again, notice the genie is very nice about keeping the indentation all straight for me. Wow, that's a lot of stuff to do, but that's okay. So now what we need to do is we need to say our double discount amount is going to be the subtotal times the discount percent. And our double discounted subtotal is going to be the subtotal minus the discount amount. Then we're going to use our discounted subtotal for the tax, because remember we calculate the tax after we take the discount, not before. And then our final grand total is going to be the discount subtotal plus the tax. Now we have to print all of this stuff out here. Oh, this is going to be fun. So we're going to print out discount and that's going to be our discount percent times 100 because remember all of our discount percents are decimals here. Then we'll print out our, let's call it new price, I guess we'll call it, which is going to be the discounted subtotal and our tax and total remain the same to print out. And boom, oh, lovely. We have a whole problem here. Yes, I put these in the wrong place. These do not belong outside of Maine. They belong inside of Maine. Let's see if that compiles better. And now finally, I can't find something called discount subtotal. Why not?  Fine. Actually, what I do want to, I just realized I want to show you your discounted price, don't I? Don't want to show you how much you saved. Do I want to show you the discount amount? Tell you what, I'll do that after I print the total. All right. So now let's try this. Let's first of all do $5 and buy nine items. There should be no discount. And the discounted is zero, which is correct. We are new prices still $45 and you save nothing. By the way, this discount should be a percent, shouldn't it? Let's compile that. So again, $30 by five of them, and I don't save anything. That's correct. Now let's say I have $5 and I buy 10 of them. I should get a discount on that. I get a 3% discount, which gives me $40 and $8.50, because I saved $1.50. What if I buy $5 and I had to buy 40 of them? Then my discount is 8%. I save $16, which is indeed 8% of 200. And let's buy 80 of these. I get 12%, which saves me $48. That's not bad. And so this is now all working. It's not lined up quite as nicely as I would like to, but I'm not going to spend a lot of time on that right now. This works. There's nothing wrong with what we've done here. However, some people might say, oh, I don't really like the idea that we're marching off to the right-hand end. What happened would happen if I had seven different levels of discount that I'd be marching further and further to the right, and it would just be really ugly. So when you have a sequence of else followed immediately by an if, there is a shortcut that you can use. Remember how I had that said earlier in my notes? I said, don't do it. It's against our style guidelines, except when you are building an if, else, if chain. Whenever you see yourself writing something like this, let's save this as pricing to b.java, which means I also have to change this. Since this else, all of this can be considered one big if statement, in which case I can omit these braces and put the else immediately with the if. Then I can unindent this. Similarly, I have an else immediately followed by an if. I can put them together and line things up nicely here. And then this else, it doesn't have an if after it, but I certainly can unindent everything. And then I don't need these two braces here. So I'm taking the advantage of the fact that if is a statement and I can line up all my else ifs, and it looks a lot nicer. Now if I had seven levels of discount, I wouldn't be marching off to the right. They would be lined up one underneath another very nicely. And does this still work? Well, let's find out. Again, $5, I buy 15 of them.  So this is called an if else if chain. Only one of these will happen. The first one that matches is the one that's going to be executed. I'm going to open this pricing to a pricing 211.java. Pricing to, excuse me. I'm just curious about something here real quick. In fact, let's do this. Let's save this under a different, I just went with sometimes, even though you are working with Genie, your indentation can get really messed up if you start copying and pasting or if you start making changes by hand and don't listen to what Genie says. So let's call this pricing bad indent.java. And we're going to call this pricing bad indent. And we're going to do is we're going to, remember how I moved all of these over? Well, let's say I forgot to do that and left it here. That would not be good. And let's say for some people, I've seen them do this in previous semesters. They'll indent that just because they think it looks better even though the indentation is not quite correct. And let's basically fool around with the indentation so that it looks pretty weird. Now, notice by the way that Java doesn't care about any of this. So for example, I want to take these two and indent them further. And then let's compile this. Still, if you ever end up with a mess like this and you can, it's easy to have that happen unintentionally but you don't want to have to get it all rearranged by hand. Let me show you a terrific little website here. Let's see, Java online indent. The online Java formatter. What I'll do is I'll get rid of everything on the left-hand side, paste this in and then I'm going to say beautify. And here on the right-hand side, everything's nice. It's all indented, quite well indeed. Now let me come here again and grab the URL and let me put that in the notes here for today. Now that I have shown you this, there is no real reason for you to ever give me a program that is not indented correctly by the way because it's the matter of only maybe a couple of minutes. Copy, beautify or a copy and paste, beautify, copy and repaste. So please take advantage of it. If you ever see that you're indenting is just totally out of control and it happens. It's happened to me a lot. And you say, oh my gosh, how am I ever gonna fix it? Don't do it by hand. Put it into the Java formatter and it will get everything formatted for you and you will be happy and I will be happy. Okay, let's see where we are here. That is the relational operators. Very quickly, there's one thing that I didn't talk about. I've used greater than and I've used greater than or equal and less than or equal, this is not equal. Now, this is really important and before I end the mini lecture, I definitely have to talk about this. If you wanna compare to see that two things are equal to one another, you use two equal signs in a row. All of these relational operators are asking questions. This asks, is it true that X is greater than Y? Is it true that X is less than Y? And this is asking the question, is X the same as Y? Do they have the same value? So for example, let's say I have an integer X as 37 and an integer Y as 39. This is the single equal sign is the assignment operator. If I say X double equal sign, Y. Comes back false, X and Y do not have the same value. If I say X becomes Y, that changes X. And now if I say is X the same as Y, we're gonna true. If you accidentally mess this up in an if statement, for example, if I say if X is equal to Y and I use only one equal sign, same. Otherwise, system dot print. And that should be a print line, but yeah, I need to have a closing brace then. Man, you'll get an error. So if you use the wrong operator, it will tell you. But if I come here and use this and ask the question, hey, are X and Y, do they have the same value? I don't know what happened there. Hit the wrong arrow key there, I suspect. Okay, let's try that again. And let's put these in as print LN. JShell is pretty nice, let's edit your mistakes out. And I use, again, up and down arrows to get to other things that I've typed in. Then everything works great. I'll put that in the notes here.  And by the way, the true and false are called Boolean values named after the British logician, George Boole. And you can look them up on Wikipedia. In fact, here in JShell, whenever I do something that involves a relational operator, I'm always gonna get a true or false back. So it's three less than five, that's true. Is three less than zero, that's false. Is five greater than or equal to five, that's true. Is five not equal to four, that's absolutely true. Five is indeed not equal to four. Okay, so tomorrow, I guess I'm gonna talk about the switch statement and logical operators. And I might get into the De Morgan laws briefly because they're sort of interesting. But I think I've given you enough to think about here. If you want something, an interesting challenge, take this pricing two B where I have all the discount and add the stuff to make sure that the unit price is greater than zero and that the quantity is greater than zero. So we're gonna have ifs inside of ifs inside of ifs and it's just gonna be one great if festival. And see you all tomorrow.


President Muammar Diwari has called on the world leaders to unite against crime, economic and health challenges across the globe. Diwari and U.S. President Joe Biden, who addressed the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York on Friday, declared that the recent trend of unconstitutional takeover of power must not be tolerated by the international community. The 76th section holds from 21 to 27 September 2021, and heads of state and government will address the general assembly following the theme, building resilience through hope to recover from COVID-19, rebuild sociability, respond to the needs of the planet. President Buwari, who is the second speaker on the fourth day, started by addressing the issues of COVID-19 pandemic. Mr. President, I want to thank the international community for the concerted response to COVID-19. The solidarity and drive to contain the first truly global health emergency of our time is a pointer to the many things we can achieve if we work together. Vaccination is the key to our safe emergence from the pandemic. We fully support the COVAX initiative from which we have benefited. Among the issues raised, the president speaks on cross-border crimes and terrorism. He warns that the democratic gains of the past decades in West Africa are now being eroded due to these negative trends. Nigeria remains deeply concerned over the illicit trade, transfer, and circulation of small arms and light weapons. Their excessive accumulation and uncontrolled spread in many regions of the world are having devastating humanitarian and socioeconomic consequences, especially on the continent of Africa. During opening remarks on Tuesday, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned of a world on the edge of an abyss as he urged countries to up-engagement with the organization. Jacinta Obuiko for PLOS TV Africa.


Colgate dental cream to clean your breath while you clean your teeth and help stop tooth decay and bluster cream shampoo for soft Glamorous caressable hair bring you our miss brook starring Eve Arden The nation's schools threw open their doors last Monday and in spite of a difficult first week Our miss brooks who teaches English at Madison High School was determined not to let the rigors of the impending semester Dim her enthusiasm for her chosen career Well, she was talking about it early Friday morning in the room. She rents from mrs. Davis Sure, it's difficult being a teacher, but lots of other occupations are difficult, too Besides maybe mr. Conklin our principal will recommend that I be made head of the English department That carries a bigger salary with it and who knows from there. I might become an assistant principal Maybe even a principal and there's always mr. Boynton He's been pretty shy for a biology teacher, but I'm sure he'll warm up a little this term I bet he'll just insist on spending more and more time with me on weekends as well as school days By this year he might even propose Okay, okay Darned alarm clock. I wish you'd waited for another minute. I was about to discover oil in my inkwell Honey, it's time to get up. Oh, I am up mrs. Davis. Come on in I was afraid you wouldn't hear your alarm, Connie Now I'll get breakfast started and oh before I forget mr. Conklin called while you were still asleep He said to tell you to stop at his office before you go to your first class. That's what we all need something to look forward to Probably about his new cheerleading idea cheerleading idea. Yes He doesn't think there's enough enthusiasm for our football team Tomorrow's the first game and he wants the team to feel that we're all behind them I see. How did the Madison team wind up last year, Connie? They had an undefeated season, mrs. Davis. They did. That's right They didn't defeat a single team That's why mr. Conklin's got this wild scheme to make a member of the faculty act as cheerleader a member of the faculty Leading cheers exactly. He doesn't feel that the student yell leaders are generating enough steam But whom do you think you'll select for the job Connie? Well, it's a lot of hard work with no extra pay I seem like a natural for it Why should mr. Conklin pick you for a job like that because mr. Conklin is one of my most ardent boosters He's right behind me every minute It gives me a great sense of security to know that our beloved principal is one of my staunchest supporters really Yes, it's like standing on a nice firm gallows After what he's already done to me leading a few cheers will be easy. He's done something else Yes, he's still on his big anti-fratonization kick So he moved me from room 148 right next to mr. Boynton's biology lab way down to room 102 I'm hard to get to see him at all now, but can't you just stroll casually down to his room between classes? There isn't much time between classes mrs. Davis. How casual can you be with spiked shoes and a kneeling start? If it isn't one thing it's another But I still can't conceive of you as a cheerleader in a football stadium I assure you mr. Conklin can I wouldn't be surprised if he expected me to be a drum major at as well Why this very minute he's probably chuckling into his coffee at the thought of me throwing a big brass baton up in the air and Catching it without a bounce on the top of my head This coffee is very good Harriet Yeah, I can just see her now catching that big stick right on top of her head Pardon me daddy, but I don't quite follow you. Oh, it's miss Brooks Harriet I'm thinking of making her faculty cheerleader for the football season That's a wonderful idea daddy. The kids are crazy about miss Brooks. Yes, the kids are crazy But Harriet do you think she'll accept her new assignment as yell leader cheerfully? I don't know why not if it's good enough for a principal it ought to be all right for a teacher What do you mean if it's good enough for a principal with the stories right here in the morning paper daddy Jason Brill principal of clay City High School elected honorary cheerleader But it was my idea to get a faculty cheerleader. I told Brill about it last week when we let's see that paper Why they've got his picture in here Jason Brill thanking the student body of clay City High Well of all the hammy-oafs not only does he steal my idea, but he appoints himself to grab all the publicity But he didn't appoint himself daddy. He was elected by the students. Oh, he was elected by the student Well, then I guess I can be elected by the students as well you a cheerleader Well, what's so funny about it? I was a drum major in college I'll call a special assembly right after lunch and we'll vote for a faculty cheerleader. Well gosh daddy I don't like to undermine your ego, but if it's an elective position miss Brooks will probably win it by a mile Oh, she will you forget young lady that your father is an old hand at politics Why I was offered a political position before I was even a teacher in this town. Yes daddy Of course, I had a good reason for not accepting I know the back of your car wasn't big enough to hold all the dogs. You'd have to That's not the position Wish your mother would stop blabbing that story around Now clear off the dishes and let's get to school. Okay, daddy Maybe I'll get a chance to rub noses with my dream pie before school starts. He's driving miss Brooks down this morning your dream pie Walder Denton Please Harriet not at the breakfast table And so miss Brooks although I've often kidded about the subject his actions this week forced me Reluctantly to one conclusion. What's that Walder? Mr. Conklin finds me acutely distasteful That's why he put me my best pal stretch snodgrass and my best girl Harriet Conklin all in different classes I just don't see how a man can be so cruel to his own flesh and blood Harriet certainly Why do you realize what he's denying that poor girl me? I Just have to be brave I guess and look what he did to you moved you all the way down to room 102 That's about as far away as you can get for mr. Boynton's lab. Why it must be 200 yards 204 and 9 inches Maybe absence will make the heart grow fonder. He did ask me out last Wednesday night Mr. Boynton asked you for a date in the middle of the week. He certainly did Invited me to a drive-in movie in his neighborhood. Well, that sounds cozy. It could have been cosier He felt it would keep him up too late if he drove me home. So he suggested that I bring my car along too Gee once you got into the place you snuggle that real close didn't you it's a little difficult walder to snuggle up to somebody with A new Hudson in between Let's get back to your problem walder. I'm sorry to hear you're not happy in your present classes I'm miserable miss Brooks. You see it isn't just being separated from Harriet that hurts It's stretch snotgrass too. You know how close stretch and I are after all you taught the both of us English last term You were both in my class last term if that's what you mean Your friend stretch is the only pupil I've ever met who garnered out of a possible 100% a final mark of 9 Even your sparkling 27 look good by comparison He may not be overburdened with brains, but he's got a great sense of loyalty miss Brooks Gosh if we're kept apart all term it'll break stretches hard mine, too Maybe you can get us transferred back to your class. Please miss Brooks. Please you gotta help us. Tell me you'll help us I'll take it easy walder. You can rest assured. I'll do everything in my power to arrange a transfer for you Gee, thanks miss Brooks after all I want you as well as stretch to look back upon your career at Madison High School as the happiest 12 years of your life Our miss Brooks starring Eve Arden will continue in just a moment, but first here is Vern Smith Now dental science reveals a startling discovery in the fight against tooth decay Proof that always using Colgate dandelion cream right after eating helped stop tooth decay before it starts continuous research Hundreds of case histories makes this the most important news in dental history eminent dental authorities supervised hundreds of college men and women for over a year One group always brushed their teeth with Colgate's right after eating the other followed their usual dental care And here are the amazing results the group using Colgate dental cream as directed showed a startling reduction in average number of cavities Far less tooth decay the other group develop new cavities at a much higher rate No other data press offers proof of these results and Colgate's contains all the necessary ingredients Including an exclusive patented ingredient for effective daily dental care No risk of irritation to tissues and gums and no change in flavor foam or cleansing action As always Colgate's cleans your breath while it cleans your teeth The Colgate's now at your dealers is the same formula used in the tests Always use Colgate dental cream right after eating to help prevent new cavities help stop tooth decay before it starts Well, I arrived in school before Mr. Conklin did and having a little time to kill I sauntered toward mr. Boynton's biology laboratory Morning mr. Boynton just happened to be in the neighborhood, so I thought I'd race in a drop in Sit down catch your breath. Yeah, thanks. I was just feeding my pet frog. You remember McDougal. Oh, of course. Hi Mac We haven't seen very much of you since mr. Conklin changed your room.  Boynton? Do you miss me? Well, gosh, I if you're bashful just say mmm Wait, it's only natural I suppose for all living creatures who form a certain habit pattern to be temporarily thrown into a mild state of confusion by the disruption of that pattern That is to say any warm-blooded mammal who has formed some sort of an attachment for another warm-blooded mammal Would become quite lonesome if that warm-blooded mammal would be removed Let's stand closer to the bars here come some people with peanuts What I'm trying to say I suppose is that both Mac and myself have missed your little between-class visits And by the same token I suppose it's logical to assume you've missed seeing us you can say that again. Thanks I'll put him back in his cage now. Here you go boy. You've had plenty of exercise for one morning. Yeah, we are see you later Mac Well miss Brooks, what do you think the coming term is gonna be like if mr. Conklin keeps on like he started it should be a Dilly did you know that he took stretch snot grass Walter Denton and his daughter Harriet out of my room and put them each in A different English class. Oh, yes, I know Harriet's in miss Enright's class now She's got your old room right next door too bad about the kids miss Enright has the room next door Yes, she drops in quite often to say hello to Mac the Mac, huh? Always said she's been interested in frog life frog life, huh? Mac are crazy about each other believe me. They're mated This Enright's quite fond of you miss Brooks In fact just the other day she was telling me how sorry she was that you had to work here in summer school While she was getting brown as a berry on a vacation.  She said that you were the only person she knew who could look so alive without any vestige of color in her face Oh, that kid has got to go I had no idea when I was given room 102 that she was Oh, it's miss Enright. Of course, you know miss Brooks. Oh, certainly. Hello dear miss Brooks. Hi You seem to have a little more color than usual. What happened cut yourself Just a minute miss and right hair looks simply lovely this morning. Did you make it yourself? Everything but the bun in the back. I had that done in the hamburger stand on the corner I'd ask you to sit down miss Enright But there aren't any chairs between these lab tables.  Boynton I dropped in to give you a little present. Oh something you can wear at the football game tomorrow here Let me take it out of the box there Gosh an orange colored turtle neck sweater isn't it divine looks like a hot water bottle with sleeves It's beautiful, and it was very nice of you to knit it for me miss Enright Oh, I didn't knit it mr. Boynton This is part of a match said I bought at Sherry's department store. I Yeah, I have one exactly like it for myself. Oh if you bought it miss Enright I'm afraid I won't be able to accept it. It's against my principles to take anything I don't pay for oh, please mr. Boynton just consider it a premature Christmas present Well in that case, thank you miss Enright. I'd better hang it up in the cloakroom so it doesn't get creased Will you excuse me miss Brooks? Certainly. I'll stay here and chat with Santa Well miss Brooks I hear you may be our new faculty cheerleader, and I'd like to tell you I think it's a remarkable achievement What's so remarkable about it? Well the fact that you dare to indulge in such strenuous pursuits at your age I mean it's cheerleading really quite safe for you darling don't worry about me miss Enright If Rudy Valley can still lift a megaphone I can And I must say that sweater you gave mr. Boynton was a very nice method of vacuuming an invitation to the game Other than oh, you make it sound like a plot darling Don't you know that I never indulge in intrigue Subterfuges for those who need it. No my dear my hands are clean They should be considering all the time you must spend licking your paws Hinting that I'm not hinting anything miss Enright I just understand why you didn't knit that sweater yourself. You would have wasted too much time playing with the ball of yarn I Sometimes I think you're out of this world, but I know it's just wishful thinking Likewise, I'm sure but you'll have to excuse me now I've got to stop in at mr. Conklin's office before class. Well, I'll have to dash to I'm afraid I'm sorry I kept you late waiting ladies.  Yes, I'd better get an early start.  Well, you're very welcome mr. Barton. Goodbye. Bye Don't be strange. It's out of her hands So you see mr. Conklin Harriet Walter and stretch would like to be transferred to the same English class But why miss Brooks because they've all been together for several terms now and the kids miss each other You see they're friends and friendship is a very important thing to young people. Why? Because it is they derive a certain look mr. Conklin. Have you ever had a friend? A good question miss Brooks And much as it may surprise you the answer is in the affirmative when I was a rather small boy I was quite friendly with my mother Now then I'd like to change the subject but mr. Conklin. It's a very I see no reason whatsoever for transferring my daughter Harriet into the same class with A dunce like Walter Denton. But what about stretch snodgrass? That's different now. You're talking about the mind of the century. I Mean supposing you put Walter and stretch together what and create a half-wit Now before you return to your class miss Brooks, there's another matter. I'd like to broach to you Did you read the paper this morning? No, sir. I didn't I see then do you mind receiving some of the news in capsule form? Why should I mind? That's how I get my salary. I mean What news mr. Conklin well, it seems that Jason Brill got himself elected faculty cheerleader at the Clay City High Yes, yes, it was my idea, but he latched on to it Pilfered it from me last week Now you know how I feel about Jason Brill, don't you? I think so mr. Conklin to you He's a sort of an old Walter Denton worse if possible However, he's not going to get away with this miss Brooks. We're going to hold an election here at Madison this afternoon And I'm going to win it. I guess I'll rate as much newspaper space as that old Billy Godin in a pardon me mr. Conklin, but who's going to vote in this election while the undergraduate body of course I see well Then the outcome may not be as easy to foretell as you think you see mr. Conklin whereas on the one hand the students love admire and respect you. Yeah, and what did I do with that other hand? I am well aware of the mercurial nature of the student body's likes and dislikes miss Brooks However, if I were nominated by someone in whom they have always had faith Someone who could swing all her votes my way. I'd be assured of victory Someone like who it's whom miss Brooks. You don't have to tell me whom it's meme But mr. Conklin if I'm nominated in good faith would it be ethical to nominate you this is politics miss Brooks There's always room for compromise if you agree to nominate me for example I might see things your way on one of your pet projects Specifically those transfers you were concerned about a minute ago. You mean you'd transfer the kids back to my class Now we're interested aren't we? Of course if I did add those pupils to your class I'd have to move you to a larger room say back to 148 next to the biology lab What are you thinking miss Brooks just that when you became a principal Madison's gain was Tammany's loss And you'll do it fine now I think it's best that you keep the entire matter a secret until you actually place my name in nomination at the assembly this afternoon That way coming just before the voting the impact will be the greatest I'll have the nominating speech all ready for you by lunchtime. Let's see now. Have I overlooked anything just the getaway car with the motor running? Quiet quiet quiet, please quiet quiet and now we shall have a few words from your latest nominee a woman whose opinions We all value so highly our miss Brooks Now remember my dear read the speech I gave you in a nice clear voice and make the finish as impressive as possible. I will mr. Conklin. I may hang myself Students of Madison High it is indeed a rare occurrence when one candidate nominates another It is only when a man has such stature that he towers above all competition that one is forced to do so Move to do so move to do so Here at Madison we have such a candidate a man whose unquestioned spirit is only equaled by his qualities of leadership He has enthusiasm get up and go and I wish I could That is this candidate has long guided the destiny of this glorious institution of which I am proud to be an inmate Instructor instructor Therefore may I place in nomination and urge you all to vote for the man whose kindness Consideration and unselfishness is known to us all. I was good Conklin. I mean I was good Conklin I was good Conklin Thank You Harriet Now we shall proceed to that which is the inherent right and treasured privilege of every American the vote in order to speed things along I've decided that we can dispense with the antiquated written ballad Instead each student will simply file up to the platform and tell me who he's voting for First row, please Down Denton I'm afraid I second the objection sir the sanctity of the secret ballot is something Mr. Conklin has a motive in wanting to expedite matters. He's merely trying to railroad himself through Seems to be something wrong miss Brooks remember I won't keep my promise unless you keep yours Well, I'm trying to mr. Conklin students Students listen to me, please. I move that we elect mr. Mr. Conklin faculty cheerleader by acclamation Now, what do you say kids? Is it I was good Conklin by acclamation? Motion carried congratulations mr. Conklin Students you may rest assured that this overwhelming vote of confidence is not misplaced It may interest you to know that your new faculty cheerleader once threw a brass baton 50 feet into the air and caught it with one hand Unfortunately, we have no such baton on the premises or I'd be glad Hand that up here Walder. Here you are mr. Conklin a real drum majors baton Throw it up near the way you used to looks like you're on mr. Conklin Oh, yeah, let's see here. We twirl around like this. Oh, I remember now then That's a pretty good toss if I say so myself, but I've lost sight of it. Where did the confounded thing disappear? All together now gang a skyrocket two locomotives and a band-aid for mr. Conklin Turns in just a moment, but first dream girl dream girl beautiful Luster cream girl Tonight yes tonight show him how much lovelier your hair can look after a luster cream shampoo Luster cream world's finest shampoo No other shampoo in the world gives K. Dumont's magic blend of secret ingredients plus gentle aniline Not a soap not a liquid luster cream shampoo leaves hair three ways lovelier Fragrantly clean free of loose dandruff glistening with sheen soft Manageable even in hardest water luster cream lathers instantly no special rinsed needed after a luster cream shampoo So gentle luster cream is wonderful even for children's hair Tonight yes tonight try luster cream shampoo Glory to luster cream shampoo And now once again here is our miss Brooks Well, I left the auditorium after a spirited rally during which we all sang songs and cheered while mr. Conklin rubbed his head At the end of the school day I ran into mr. Boyden as he was coming out of our principal's office And from what he told me I knew mr. Conklin had kept his end of the bargain Yes, indeed there certainly has been a lot of switching around miss Brooks miss n right's been moved into room 101 That's probably so I could have my old room back You know 148 next to your biology lab my old biology lab old biology lab You mean you've got a new one. Yeah in the switching around. I've been moved to 102 next to miss n right Well, it's not wasting any more time in school miss Brooks after all today's Friday We have a date to go to the zoo Let's skip it. Mr. Boyden with my luck. They're sure to put us in separate cages Another hour miss Brooks show brought to you by For soft lamorous Terusable hair and full gay panel team to clean your breath while you clean your teeth and help stop tooth decay Our miss Brooks starring Eve Arden is produced by Larry Burns directed by Al Lewis with music by Wilbur hatch Doctors prove you too may have a lovelier complexion in 14 days Yes, 36 leading skin specialists proved in tests on 1285 different women that a new method of cleansing with palm olive soap using nothing But palm olive brought new complexion beauty to two women out of three Just wash your face three times daily with palm olive soap each time for 60 seconds Massaging palm olives beauty lather onto your skin then rinse So start your palm olive facials today see what palm olive soap can do for your complexion in just 14 days For mystery liberally sprinkled with laughs listen to mr. And mrs. More Tuesday evening over most of these same stations and be with us again next week at the same time for another comedy episode Of our miss Brooks Bob LeMond speaking


I'm turning to you actually I'm seeing you here too Jean Claude so maybe we can have a highlight on what is happening in the United States and Where the debate is going right now? The floor is yours. Good morning. Good evening. Hope you can hear me well I wish I could be with you and fortunately what I was about to bought my flight I had a slight health issue to deal with and unfortunately I couldn't bought the flight and I miss so much being with you and networking with many of you our friends My apologies. I will try to cover in a few minutes what you I guess expecting me to talk about Which is the US presidential election? And I would say both generally the election in November 2024 both from the domestic standpoint, but also from the point of geopolitical environment Uh, you know what's happening in November 2024, which is almost exactly a year from today The president will be elected for four years The house of representative will be elected for two years and in the senate 33 senators, which is about one third will be elected for a period of six years Let's deal with the senate and the house of representative Uh, 20 democrats and three independent that normally caucus with democrat are standing for reelection Some of them are not standing for reelection, but say those are the seats and then, uh, 10 republicans Uh, so the total of 33 The forecast at the moment is that 14 are solid democrat one is leading democrat five are leading likely democrat And treat so-called toss up where the result will depend on the day of the election and the republican are almost all likely to be There could be a change of majority in the senate, but right now as you know, there is a majority of democratic senators 51 to 9 and there is the casting vote of the vice president. So the senate could be Changing majority. It will largely depend on what I call the Cotel effect of the presidential election the house of representative 435 members 2001 republican 212 democrats that since the last midterm election in november exactly a year ago And two seats are vacant My prediction is that for the zoo that we've seen for the election of the speaker It's very unlikely that the republican will be able to, uh, keep the majority in the house and the house could again become Democratic by a slight majority So we are now in the Period where each party and as you know, there there might be several candidates But at the other day the two parties united the democrat and republican and we have the time where each of them is choosing their own candidate for next year election The president. This is the tradition. Whether he's republican or democrat a president with We call an incumbent is likely to stand without being challenged for re-election yet Joe biden is Facing some opposition for a variety of reasons within his own party first of all his age If he's elected in november next year, he will assume his function at the beginning of 2025 and he will be 82 years old and when he finishes mandate He will be 86. He will be the oldest president in the history of the united states He's also facing other issues. He's facing issues of his vice president Kamila Harris who's never been convincing and was not like and respected even by his own party The democratic party. She's never been able to impress and as you know I mean if something happens to the president Kamila Harris immediately steps in and becomes the next president americans Starting with majority of democrats are very uncomfortable with And then he has issues with his son and the business. I would say business activities of his family so The matter is it's quite simple the people know that it will be Unless something happens to him between now and the election It will be the candidate for democratic party Yet, this is not the candidate that the democratic party would like to have Biden was elected in 2020 largely because he was the alternative to Bernie Sanders that people find too left in and therefore And he didn't really campaign and he was lucky to face trump with a lot of issues So, uh, he was elected this time. It's going to be much tougher So people are not convinced that by candidate to Face trump assuming trump is the Now let's switch to the republican party Same story on the republican party Trump is leading in the polls, but Effectively only 40 percent of the people Well at the primaries and I remind you at the primary only vote the people who are as republican or democrat So if you can vote at the democratic primary if you're republican you can republican primary But those who are independent and most of the majority of americans are neither republican nor democrat They are registered that they depend on trump only gets 40 percent Republican voters 60 percent don't want trump now the problem is that they don't agree you My attitude to trump. So trump is like biden not the candidate of The party as it stands now at least the majority of the republican voters for about First of all his personality I mean some people and Quite a people don't like His personality his style His attitude and so on and so forth Then he has a lot of legal issues to do. I mean personal issues, you know Sexual assault, but also he took some classified document when he had function and brought them to his Florida and really Stopped and In there and lie about it. Then he is the election. Then there was this Fame January 6 21 when there was an assault on the capital which shocked a lot of people in the world That's shocked a lot of people as well so And I can go on and on And and trump essentially is perceived as an agonistic person He has done a number of things when he was president because he He he followed some of his advisors some advisors who were better than some others But net net people don't feel that trump who is also not so much younger I mean maybe a couple of years that biden is that I can would like to ask the next president So what could be the outcome, you know, my view is that it's going to be trump biden certain so I said could have else issues and other issues between now and the election and be replaced by your government Not for sure and trump is facing challenges and Although he leads in the polls He lives in Iowa. He leads in New Hampshire. He leads also in South Carolina two alternatives are Waiting in the wings on our Florida run personally run the studies One is changing The election of 2020. I don't think that I mean it was a very significant But he's done a number of mid steps since we elected and his Campaign is not going well. So He had relatively strong could be a true trump now. I've seen sort of gradually fading away. So the star during parties Governor key Haley former governor of South Carolina who was also ambassador of the united nation originally from India a sick family from India And she they came to united states She was a locally in scarola right now had the sort of one and a half term as governor of the state and was appointed by the ambassador to the un She did an effective job What I would call the regaining and part of the party the tradition of public and who are strong on foreign policy free market And limited governor so I would say a traditional She was loyal to trump when she was job for At the same time she was able to position that are less rigid and less conservative that some other Republican particularly on the critical in the united states with women right including right to abortion as you know Are in favor of abortion not any abortion not For extended period of time, but the majority of Americans are in favor of abortion It so happens that the majority of the republic you can see is so cold pipe And this is conflicting with the view of the majority. Thank you. So that that was the first round You were very long already and we're going to come back with more questions So if you don't mind hanging up with us for a little while longer just to answer questions later on Because we need we need time for everybody here. So now we have the basics biden on one side Trump the other nicky hallis climbing up Some of you have some hopes for her, but we're not sure But there are a lot of things to talk about and especially how geopolitics are getting into this This election, which never happens. I know you're keen to talk about this a little later, but it's going to be


Mi yw Steven Carrick Davies. Wrth gyd, wedi gweld i'r cysyllt yn cyf Baronau Cyphrodau我知道 ac mae'r cyfrifolwyd yn sefyllfa iawn llawer. Dymrwydd yn ym dulodau mae'r cyfrifolwyr a'r cyfrifolwyr yn y ddigon iawn. Byddwn i'w cysyllt yn cefnod Defnyddol ar ei ddaeth ymlaen nhw gan gydy'r ysgr excit, ac mae'n meddwl i'r gair holl nesaf'i leidio, fe dden nhw'n ddigon iawn. Roedd y meddwl yn ffasol o'r cilun i gyd, ac yn ddau'r ffordd hynny yn y gallu hwnnw'n amlwg, ac gallw'r ffordd hynny yn ddau'r ffordd hynny, a bwyddo'r holl ameswn meddwl, a chyfwזהid o'r hunainu hwnnw, oherwydd y gwasanaeth a gwahanol a chadwch ar ddweud, yr amlwg yn oed yn ddod o'r cilun i'r meddwl, ac mae'r adweud o'r hwnnw, o ffasol o'r hwnnw, As we've been developing the cyber-safety strategy here in Qatar, we've looked at five key areas. The first is recognising that we need to build our evidence and undertake research to really understand what are the risks and the harm that children in Qatar and young people, but also citizens encounter when it comes to risk. Secondly, looking at what our legislation is and what the policies are in place, not just from the government and from the judiciary, but also what the policies are in place in schools and making sure that we've done everything we can to make sure policies are safe. Thirdly, looking at what industry can do in terms of harm reduction, looking at the services that they already provide and making sure that children and young people and citizens recognise that the tools on these services are there and that they're promoting those so that they know how to use the tools and the services wisely and safely. The fourth area, of course, is educational awareness, where we really want to make sure that every school and every parent understands the safety issues and helps their children and helps themselves to know how to stay safe. And the fifth area, which I'm really pleased about, is also equipping professionals across Qatar to know how to respond when there are risks and when there are safety issues, and understanding how they can help themselves stay safe, but also be proactive and prevent children from coming across harm and being involved in what I see is risky behaviour online, so helping to equip them to know how to support children and young people. Well, of course, Qatar is not the only country that's looking at this issue, and around the world, governments and industry and non-profit organisations and education really sort of struggle and grapple, struggle to grapple with this issue of how do we keep children safe? How do we ensure that the benefits outweigh their negatives? I think the key lesson that I've learnt in doing this over the last 12 to 15 years is that you need to bring stakeholders together. That this is a shared responsibility. There's not one silver bullet that's going to mean that everybody growing up is going to be free from harm, but every and every department, every organisation, every school has a responsibility to equip and support children and do what they can to make sure the internet is a safer place for children. Obviously a lot of it comes down to how we support children and young people growing up. Schools have a very important role, but parents too have a huge role. I think that the first thing that parents really need to do is be informed. Parents will say, oh, they're very busy, they don't understand this technology, but actually it's surprising how many parents actually do use the technology themselves to buy things and to compare prices and to book holidays and that sort of thing. So I don't think we can use that as an excuse. Clearly those who are coming to the internet in the first time need special help to understand what the risks are. But I think going back to your question, the three things that parents really should do is, first of all, be informed. Secondly, to be there for your children to make sure that they know that you are informed and you can not overreact if you like if there's a danger or a risk. And the third thing is dialogue, dialogue, dialogue. It's repeated three times because it's so important. There's not a silver bullet in terms of internet software that will protect them. Children are accessing the internet as you know more and more on their mobile phones. So having a dialogue and making sure that they are there for children is so very, very important. And that's something that I believe all parents and carers should and could do. It's important to recognise that the internet is not a vacuum, it's not a lawless, moral entity. There are laws in place in Qatar that already protect users and protect children and young people, protect citizens. And we need to make sure that those laws keep in pace with the changes in technology and also the behavioural and usage of technology. So I think what I would say is that in other countries they have had to tighten up specific bills or specific acts, specific legislation to ensure that children and young people are protected. One example, for example, is in the UK where the sexual offences bill was revised to ensure that the activity of what we call grooming was actually explicit in the law. And therefore anybody who was then seen to be grooming a child, chatting somebody up for the intent of harming them, that actual offence or that actual activity was seen as an offence. So there are things we can do. I think the most important thing here in Qatar is to, if you like, map already the laws that are in place and the way that those laws apply to the internet. And if there are areas where there are spaces, if you like, or gaps, then we possibly call for new laws or amend and tighten up. And a lot of this comes down, of course, to cases and that's why it links into the evidence and research stream of our strategy to make sure that we are actually getting good quality examples of misuse and to make sure that the current legislation is in place to tackle that. And if it is, that's great. Well, my hope really for this cyber safety strategy is that having outlined five key areas with around 18 discrete work packages that different departments, different government bodies, different government ministries, different organisations can really start running with some of these programs. The programs that many companies and organisations and government departments are already doing. But I think it's a beholden honest to pull that together and ensure that across the ministries, across the work that the National Council for Internet Safety is doing, we're able to see a coordinated comprehensive project. So this strategy, I think, will help pull the activities together to help monitor and evaluate its success and then to build on it. And my hope would be that what we're developing here in Qatar is a great model, if you like, or a great picture for the whole region and indeed the world, because Qataris do things very, very well. And we need to make sure that this area of cyber security and cyber safety is something that really becomes a world-class example of how the whole society can ensure that every single citizen, every single user is using the internet safely and responsibly and is, as far as possible, free from harm and respected and safe online.