reaction to the idiot's I'm Corbin. As with me as always is this Gully Boy named Rick. Gully Boy, Gully Boy. If you enjoyed our channel go and smash the like button, subscribe and ring that little bell to be part of the notification squad. There are various social media platforms, Instagram, Twitter, for that. Jussie, come on. Anyways, so today it was a big day. It was. We watched Gully Boy in the fairtale. This was our first experience watching a India film in a theater. Yes. And so the way that we're going to do the review is the first half is going to be non-spoilers. Correct for those of you who haven't seen it because it just came out. And then I will put up an alert that says spoiler. And then that's when we will start talking about spoilers. You've been warned. Yep. So yeah, I thought the whole, I was almost transfixed the whole time. I agree with you. I loved every second of it. Every second of it. I didn't really notice until they put an intermission in the middle of it. Which wasn't really an intermission. I'm guessing in India cinema that they might actually take a little break because this intermission, yeah, this is kind of a spoiler, I don't know. No, it was it was it was almost a SpongeBob intermission. The middle of it just came up and it said intermission. And then it went on for five seconds and it went away and it kept going. Yeah, so I don't know what that was about. Two months later. But the whole cast, the story was great. And obviously we went into it knowing absolutely zero about this. Right. And we don't know. Other than the trailer, we don't know who this the artist was. No, we don't know the story. We don't know anything. Don't know the history of rap in India or hip hop. But I think one of the things that struck me most outside of the acting was the immersion of the world that they put you in because they filmed it in whatever I think some I forget what I said. I want to say Yeah. Sorry. It's Mumbai. Yeah. Okay. They filled it in Mumbai. And you could just tell it was so confined and so claustrophobic almost. We'll say something about that in the spoiler. Yeah. But you would just kind of immersed in that world and it's, you know, world that we don't know very well. Yeah. Let's talk about the ensemble shall we go ahead. Let's talk about the acting being actors who love acting and good acting. So the person who stole the show for both of us without question was Alia. But but yeah, it's gotta be but Alia, but Alia, but who plays Safina, Safina. She is a gem. Phenomenal. India, you've got a gem on your hand. She was in she was in zero and she was also in Rossi. We want to see her. Yeah, some American films. Yeah. She's so everybody. See, here's the thing. We agree. There wasn't anybody in it that gave a bad performance. In fact, a lot of the supporting things were his mom and dad. Yeah. We're fantastic. So was the guy who plays Moe and his friend. Yeah. So but signaling her out, there were just points and it part of it is her role or character. She's got a great role. She got a great role, but strong independent woman. Exactly. But she never had a false moment. I mean, she just never has a false moment. Again, what? Yeah. I'm saving for the spoiler section. So the relationship she had with her parents was quite interesting. They come from a Muslim family. And spoilers. Yeah, that's not a spoiler. I'm just being careful. But obviously we know that it was interesting to see that that world in that perspective because we don't get a lot of that here, at least an authentic and authentic depiction of Muslim life in India. The combination. I thought it was an amazing combination from our perspective to see things that we are oblivious to here in America as far as what life is like for people in India, but also how similar life is like in India. Yeah. It's this interesting blend of on the one hand, it's so different and we know so little about it because we're not exposed to it. But at the same time, it's so similar to some of the, it's universal. And I found the film was far more universally appealing to anybody who would see it. I think anybody here in America who saw that could, there's no way you could walk away from this movie not loving it. Yeah. Also, another point is the music in it. Oh, I mean, some of those songs I believe are they're actual songs. Yeah. The actual rapper songs, but the last one will just give you kind of goose bumps because absolutely it will.  I listened to it after we left. I did too. That's why I've got my phone out because I created a playlist and on my playlist, I've got stuff from three idiots and I've got KGF and then right there the last two are from what we just saw today. And I was listening to it. Yeah. The whole drive. That last one is, as the kids say, a banger. Yeah. Or as they say in there, the lyrics in that are hard. What? Say it throughout the movie the whole time. That was one of the lingual phrases they threw around. Anyway, it's a tight, awesome lyric. It's hard. The story, the acting, the writing, the directing. Everything. Obviously the cinematography was phenomenal. But the writing, yeah, the script was great. Of the films we've watched, this is probably one of my favorites. Everything was top notch. If it was an American, it could have been nominated for an Oscar. Again. Just like Pink type film. Yeah. All right. So we dive into some spoilers. So yeah, we will dive into some spoilers now, but I would give it about a 4.5. I will go into my depths of what I didn't. I had some, my issues with it. There aren't a lot. But for me, the signal for me about a movie is twofold. If I love the movie, number one, I want to go see it again. And I'm listening to the music and I can't get it out of my head afterwards. And then the other big one is I immediately want to take people I know and care about to go see the movie again. And that's how I felt. But do they want to go with you? Yes, they do. Because everyone loves to be in a movie theater with me. Except him. This is your spoiler warning. Here we go. They all died. Yeah, everybody in the movie. What? Wow. Everyone's so brutal. It's worse than Game of Thrones. So yeah, this is the kind of more the in depth spoiler talk. If you've already seen the film or if you already know the story, I'm sure a lot of you already do. So let me share a moment that I love that she did.  When she does this. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. Most of our, I think, favorite parts of this film are from Aliyah, how do you say? Yeah. Aliyah's perspective? Yes. Who plays Safina? Safina, yeah. Every time she's on screen, you're just mesmerized. Breaking, transfixed. Yes. And it's crazy when you're first introduced to her on the bus. We don't know anything about her. Right. At all. We just think, oh, this is a love interest. Other than, other than the obvious, she's got a very pretty face. Pretty face. Yeah. And oh, it looks like they're going to have love interest at some point, blah, blah, blah, they look at each other. And then she's like, not sitting down.  And then they just start holding hands and listening to me. And so is this how it works in India? We looked at each other and was like, wait, what? I guess you make eye contact with some girl and then she just walks over and listens to you. This is my wife now. Yep. We're married. That's how it happens on the bus. Yeah. But the way that was introduced was really cool. Yeah. Obviously, oh, they actually have a relationship going on. Right. But the whole relationships that she had with almost everyone, I thought was great because she commanded each relationship. She sure did. The use of relationship she had. I mean, I don't, here in America, that would be a very abusive relationship with her parents. But I don't know how both of their relationships with her parents are abusive. I don't know the culture differences. There's a lot of hitting. Right. Right. And at least in this film and all that kind of stuff. But she commanded each relationship with just did what she want with it. She told her, don't worry, I'm going to do what I want to do. I'm going to do what I want to do. And so we love that fierceness in her. And she's quickly became one of my favorite Bollywood actresses. Absolutely. Because she goes from what you think is this meek, submissive, quiet girl. And then she walks in the girl's work. Oh, yeah.  Bachelorette. And then she goes in when the guy cheats on her. Yeah. And she quickly figures out. Yeah. Because it was obvious. And then she just smacks her with a bottle. And before that, when she socked her, she was like, be quiet, shut up. Yeah. Don't talk to me. That part of the film, I was like, oh, I don't like this guy anymore. I know. What's wrong with it? But I also understood. She quickly forgave him. She really did. And I also understood and I loved his description. I thought that was really beautiful. And I liked the girl that played Skye. That character, that character's response, the way that was written when he said not having her in my life is like not having a childhood. Yeah. And you can see in Skye's face the registration of guys gone, he's in love. This is not going to happen. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. She was another really good supporting character. I thought the best friend, what's his face? Moine. Moine? Yes. Did phenomenal. I thought he. Fantastic. I thought his character was really cool. Honestly, even though he was really, really good, I thought the main guy who played Golly Boy was probably the weakest. Which is, we don't mean that as an insult. He did really well. He did extremely well. It's just the rest of the cast was. Right. It would be like an American film where. But he might have just been playing a more reserved character. Very true. That could have just been. It would have been a film, in America, this would have been a film where all of the buzz would have been about hers, the supporting actress. And she would have gotten all the nominations and you don't know if he would have gotten nominations. But that doesn't mean he wasn't great. Yeah. Because I thought he was fantastic in the role and I wouldn't want to see anybody else in that role. I think he fit that role. But as far as the one that just blew me out of the water. Yeah. It was her. It was her. Yeah. But it was, I do have a question. My biggest issue with the film. Which I didn't have a big issue. It's not really a big issue. Honestly, it's just some, when I was watching it, I was like, there's something weird going on that I don't understand. There was no cussing in the film. Yeah, there was at the opening. There was a lot at the very opening. Where? Oh, all over the place. At the very beginning. And I noticed it because of another movie I've seen you haven't seen yet. Anyways, but the rest of the film there wasn't. Correct. But the opening, the opening five minutes had quite a lot of cussing. I didn't even see that. Anyways, but I thought it was kind of weird because here in the rap culture in America, that culture is just part of the language. Right. And so it seemed out of place to not have that around it. But then they did say something. They said they banned cussing in rap. One of the guys, the guy who played the lying guy. He said they banned, because he was dissing him. He's like, I know why they banned cussing. Right. Rap, beat blah blah blah. So I don't know if that was part of it. I didn't know if what this was actually rated. But I can tell you without ruining anything, one of the other movies I've watched that you haven't seen yet is a film that at every other level would be considered a rated R film, except for the language. And it's almost, we'll talk about this in that review. It was almost comical to me because you expect that because in our rated films here, they're loaded with language. But I believe based on the exposure we've had in such little time, I believe that there definitely is whether it's been a legitimate ban in the country or just an artistic choice because culturally, what I've learned is how deeply they respect people.  My Instagram posts and our comments are all, sir. There's such respect and politeness. And that respect and politeness is for human life. And the power of words and the appreciation of knowledge and how words convey knowledge, I think they have a very different perspective on the power of words than we do.  Well, let me know, please. Yeah, I'd really love to know that as well. Like I said, it's not really an issue. It didn't make the film bad at all. It was just something that was like, it seems weird to me. You know what? And now that you say that, this shows you how good this film actually is because ordinarily, if you were to tell a story like this, that it talked about street and rap and you didn't have vulgarity, I would write it off as not being a realistic film. And I believed every single moment I watched this film. Like I said, I don't know if it's a different culture basically. Yeah, but I didn't, I didn't feel like I don't know if this rapper doesn't cause, I don't know. Yeah, and I didn't feel like they weren't being honest or real and it didn't even dawn on me that they weren't cussing that much at that point. Yeah, that's the only thing. Anyways, like we said, please go see this film. Yeah, support this movie. It's a phenomenal film. We both loved it. I'd give it a 4.5, close to five stars. Yeah, it was great. Great. Loved it. Loved it. Loved it. Loved it. Gonna see it again. It's just fantastic. And that young lady is a jewel. Yes. Good stuff, India. Namaste. Namaste.


When I finally decided that NWTC was the right place for me it was the month before I started my first semester and the mechanical design instructor Brian Guns took his own time out of his summer schedule to sit down with me at school and go over every single course competency through the entirety of the two-year program. He was very personable, relatable, very in-depth and truly excited that I wanted to be there. So that was really cool to feel that personal connection with an instructor which while being at UW Madison the two years prior I'd never really felt that with an instructor of 250 kids if not more. So to have that personal connection right away the first impression of the school that's what really made me decide that this was an interesting field and that I could really learn in a really great environment throughout the entirety of my program.


Hello everyone, I'm Sean Boyd in the Cal OES newsroom. It's been more than a month since unprecedented wildfires ravaged communities throughout California beginning in October. And over the past several weeks, it's been our job to give you an inside look at their impact. Well, we've done that with aerial video, pictures and sounds from the scene. But sometimes the statistics are the most revealing. And one of the most important jobs of emergency management is gathering facts and figures and making sense of them, not only to understand what's happening, but to make some of the most important decisions in the middle of a crisis. We do that a number of ways. We put it into operational dashboards, which you'll see behind me on the sock wall here. We have charts, we have pie graphs, we've got radial dials, we've got hard numbers. And that allows all of us working here at the State Operations Center to stay focused on what the meaningful information is so that we can take the right actions. So we thought it would be interesting to take a look at the numbers that tell a big part of the story and give you a glimpse at some of the statistics that we found sobering and revealing. More than 380 square miles burned. That's more square miles than the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, Sacramento, Fresno and Redding combined. 8,900 structures were burned, 44 fatalities. That's up one just this past week. And over 75,000 people had to be evacuated. We had over 10,000 folks responding to the fires. We also, at the very beginnings of the fires, had over 600 schools closed and just under 300,000 students that were displaced. That's on top of the entire communities that had been evacuated and the folks that were in shelters and displaced from their homes. So now the numbers shift to cleanup. As of November 29, crews have cleaned 880 lots, removing more than 288,055 tons of debris. And just this week FEMA announced additional federal funding for public assistance programs for Butte, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Orange and Yuba counties. Federal funds that are critical to the countless recovery efforts that will be underway for weeks, months, even years to come. If you'd like more information, you can visit our website at wildfirerecovery.org. For everyone at Cal OES, I'm Sean Boyd. Thanks for watching.


So what I've argued here is that science and religion are a position to engage each other. There's no way to know from the outset whether that engagement will be friendly or hostile. And as we've seen, the history of that engagement of these two domains has shown us really both sides. Religious believers, well, they'll continue to be in a position of having to negotiate the connections between these two domains of belief. And scientists will need to remain unprejudiced and open-minded about the potential religious applications of their discoveries and findings. But what it shows us at least is that the domain of inquiry concerning science and religion is a rich and fertile one and one worth engaging in.


So this is a trustee guide, the story of Ulilia. Apparently, this is something to do related to Washington. So let's let's get into it.  Some are celebrated, some are mocked and even hated. Some have a certain wholesome charm that make them unique. Some have experienced the whole spectrum of public opinion. But one individual who rose to Internet fame in the early 2010s serves as an example where the initial exposure was so peculiar that many didn't know how to interpret it. But there's another unusual thing. Not me wondering, what is this hero about? He seems a bit odd. But as the Internet grew to know this person, his creativity and outsider thinking, what was once mocked began to be respected, admired and even considered inspirational. Originally, I had the reinspaced one eighth of a scaling unit all the way out to two scaling units without you know, where this tree right here is approximately take a little bit. This is the story of Nick Smith, also known as Alulalia. Alulalia, at first glance, it seems rather unusual. The story of Alulalia began in the early 2000s when the satirical site, Something Awful, was one of the most popular online forums. Serving as the breeding ground for some of the Internet's earliest memes and inside jokes. Often, forum members would discover an obscure website deep within the Internet, which might include potentially bizarre or comedic content. And these forums would discuss and analyze them in the irreverent way they became known for. In December 2001, a thread popped up centered around a troubled high school student. I mean, the the inception of this this website or at least like the time that they've been using it. I was probably like three years old, three or four years old. Never, never really was exposed to any of this. Went by the unique name of Alulalia, although his real name was Nick. His website, an early Internet Angel Fire blog, not unlike what many similarly aged kids of the early 2000s were creating, featured the writings of an alienated young man who was clearly retreating into his own fantasy reality in order to cope with problems of fitting in. I'm currently in 11th. That's that's that's a really interesting thing, because I know that from talking to a lot of autistic people, that there is a trend of us somewhat, especially when we don't know that we're autistic. For me, I knew that I was autistic, but I still had this. But like the fantasy aspect of. You know, it's kind of retreating from the experiences that you're having, particularly like around secondary school, high school age. Middle school, maybe if we're in America, I can't remember what the age range is. Yeah, we we tend to experience a lot of difficult things. And for some of us, we can sometimes truly believe that we are like aliens or supernatural creatures or, you know, anything really that that kind of helps us understand the situation that we're in. You know, it can be it can be really difficult sometimes. Great, his about me section read. I have over 60 bullies. There we go.  I have a massive defense value that is more than 50% above average. I've taken so much damage and recovered so often that my defense raised an exchange to being more resistant. I absorb insults. All insults have a positive effect on me. The worse the insult, the better the effect. There's something awful for. That's that's that's weird. That's kind of like a strange. I don't know if the right word would be like say, though that's a good stick kind of like thing. If that if that's how we got through that that period of time of his life. I can understand, like, I mean, definitely when I was in school, I was bullied quite a bit, both like harassment wise and just like bog standard bullying. I definitely did not have the the social tools, awareness capabilities to protect myself at that time. So I can understand, like, trying to have a different perspective on it to to lessen the impact of it, I guess makes sense. To have their own particular code of conduct that some may have seen as chaotic and many of the initial responses to Nick were that of ridicule. Posters mocked him. Some even spammed his guest book with obscene pictures. However, as more of Ella Lillia's webpage was brought into the discussion, the tone pivoted. What this individual lacked and the ability to connect with people his own age, he was clearly able to replace with incredible quantitative reasoning, imagination and creativity. In a page titled My Color System, Nick provided an in depth explanation of how he saw colors in hexadecimal format, factoring in luminosity and distance, even how to adjust for environmental factors such as fog, complete with animated examples Nick made himself. An overview for something nicked up to his status system was laid out on a different page. Using his proclivity for numbers and his interest in video game character statistics, Nick had found a way to break down each attribute in his life he wished to improve upon. That's really, really, really interesting because I feel like what Nick is trying to do is he is trying to provide an air of certainty and logic to events that are not so much like that. Like that's definitely something that I can relate to to some degree.  In school, I just hid in a computer lab and music department. After I was bullied, I stayed away from the people that competing teacher just let you play computer games. Yeah, library for me. That was where the computers were. I mean, I stepped on now and again, you know, and I had some instances, particularly as they got a little bit older going through secondary school, where I did like stand up for myself and it did go well. And I stood up for other people as well. But for the majority of it, it was just kind of like dealing with it, you know, or avoiding at some degree. Be it short story writing, his reading comprehension for the novels he was assigned in class to even doing the dishes in mathematical formulas, which he used to measure progress. Everything he did would grant him experience points. As if he were a role playing game character leveling up in a variety of skills. Nick had essentially figured out a way to gamify his life. On another page, Nick detailed something called his mind game, which was an ongoing open world experience he played purely in his imagination. Illustrations of all of its menus, character parties and controls were provided. And according to this write up on forces of geek, his tendency to slip into his mind game at unpredictable points throughout the day is why he chose to postpone obtaining his driver's license. A dream journal organized into categories and often accompanied by Nick's own animations was listed on another page, along with some calculus to explain the dream physics and numeric representations of what he called the fun factor and scary factor of each dream. Nick had even begun making a video game based on his dreams. A 2D physics based platformer called the Supernatural Olympics. This is a hundred mile an hour. And if you think business fast, of which you can't go any faster in this version, try answer to teleport nine thousand mile an hour. There was no denying Nick was exceptional, although the unique way his mind work didn't come without its disadvantages. He'd restricted his diet. That is amazing. That's that's really, really, really interesting. Like I can I can see myself possibly doing something like that if I didn't have the interest that I had when I was younger. You know, it was my taekwondo. That was my science, you know, I was really interested in those things. But it's it's it's interesting in isolation when we go through, particularly through hardships and, you know, just being a different person. How how we conceptualize and understand the world around us. The way that he does is very, very curiosity sparking, very interesting. It's to a handful of unhealthy foods such as cheese pizza. Say foods. He had a self admittedly irrational fear of blue water due to its causing death for many of the early video game characters of Nick's childhood. And this was far from being his only irrational phobia. His fear of mirrors led him to make this diagram of a department store color coded with danger areas were walking through the sight line of a mirror couldn't be avoided outlining a strategic path. Nick would take an order to pick up the items he needed. Certain six letter words beginning with the letter P, such as person, gave Nick feelings of unease and he would often scratch them out of a school papers. I used to I used to have a fear of reflections. It was caused by watching a particular episode on Doctor Who.   It was just a blank TV, but it just terrified me so much. And the same with those goddamn weeping angels. My God, like the nightmares that I got for that kind of stuff. I also had a heliophobia when I was younger, so I had a fear of the sun. I don't know. In my brain, it just felt like a lot more painful than it then it was. I saw that particularly like the feeling, to be honest, but in my brain it kind of translated as being painful because I didn't like the sensory experience of it. Members were inclined to suggest traditional help, family intervention, therapy and medication.  Many wanted to reach out to Nick and some even began emailing him. But they were urged to stop by others as it wasn't known whether such attention would be helpful or hurtful. One user summed up the entirety of the discussion by writing the following. It's been fascinating watching the mood of this thread go from scorn and ridicule to stark fear and bewilderment to a cautious empathy to outright sympathy and now to righteous guardianship. The safest course of action, many agreed, was to simply observe Nick to interfere as little as possible and see what he did with his creative energy. And over the years, they witnessed Ella Lilia go on to make some of the most unique artistic creations the internet has ever seen. Well, while you're away, I took note of your walking and I noticed you have about a one inch bounce. I have one inch bounce.  Is that a good thing or a bad thing? Neutral. It wasn't long after the initial set. OK, I'm going to tell this story again because I find it absolutely hilarious. There is a particular, just from my personal experience, I don't want to put this out there and be like, OK, this is how you tell that someone's autistic, but I can very often look at the way people walk and have a pretty pretty darn good guess at whether they're autistic or not. Just about like the way that they carry themselves, like the perhaps the bounce in their walk, perhaps the what they're doing, what they're looking at, you know, if they're like looking at the floor for vestibular input to counter out the lack of vestibular input. I was talking to my mum about it when we were driving somewhere. I think we're going to get like a coffee or something. And I said, OK, I can do this. And she was like, no, no, you can't do that. You can't do that. It's not it's not something that you can do just by looking at somebody. And we're driving past this guy and this guy was kind of in his rucksack and had some like headphones on. And I was like, hmm, they said they seem to be a bit autistic. The way that they're walking. And she was like, no, it's not it's not how you do it. Tell me you can't say that. That's that's bad. And she looked at this person and realized that they're one of her ex-pupils. And she's a special needs teacher. So she like she confirmed it on the spot. I was like goals there. I've done it quite a few times as well. It's very it's very strange sometimes what like my autism radar is like. Um, sometimes it's quite difficult, especially with late diagnosed individuals, particularly women in my experience, but there you go. The bounce, the bounce is sometimes something that happens.   The awful thread that Nick's YouTube channel was discovered. Luckily for those who were interested, the channel provided a very thorough documentation of his day to day life, which he lived alongside his parents and sister in the small town of Minot, North Dakota. Brony's society's harrow. It included projects he was working on. If you look closely, you can see the trees here, although they kind of blended in with the Cameron Monkeys fairly well. But to get the best of you up so easy. And how he spent his leisure time. I'm having fun gathering orbs to the infinite. One could get a complete picture of a la Lilia if they were willing to spend the time watching. Although the sensory play in the day provided evidence that Nick's imagination and ability to channel his focus could produce some interesting projects. What this website had failed to mention was that in 2000, he'd written a novel. I'll be at the Twin Cities Book Festival offering my book, The Legend of the Ten Elemental Masters for sale. $15 per normal copy, $18 per autographed copy. The story is based on what Nick described in his website as the Ten Elements, along with the chart describing how each element either strengthened or weakened the other. His prose uniquely his own reflects the way Nick's mind operates, assigning numeric values to nearly every detail. So interesting. Characters give height and weight descriptions to the decimal point. Colors represented in hexadecimal format. Ivan is a 14, two-third year old eighth grade student who is a sports enthusiast with an above average muscle mass. He is a 152 pound Native American, 70 inches tall. He wears short, white socks, medium priced, fairly old running shoes, an orange cotton t-shirt and dark blue violet elastic silk capris. The capris have holes, one 16 inch in diameter, forming equilateral triangles spaced a quarter inch apart. And like many of Nick's creations, reader confusion was unacceptable. And so he'd created visuals to accompany the text. But perhaps what's taking that that miscommunication out of the equation. Love it. This guy's just this guy's a really interesting person. But the majority of attention was that Nick had continued making video games. Years after the release of the Supernatural Olympics, Nick set out to expand his original game to create a fully playable representation of his mind game, which he called platform masters. The coding self taught us it is leaves no detail unpolished. As the character moves, Nick's use of parallax scrolling maintains a realistic perspective to the trees in both the foreground and the background. The purpose of the game was to land on the gold platform before the time ran out with enemies and collectibles along the way. But what made this game unique was the nearly limitless freedoms which the game granted the player, most notably the height in which characters could jump. Easily see the Earth curvature going on and the stars should easily be visible. With over 300 levels and many beautifully rendered worlds, this game was to be Nick's opus. Unfortunately, Nick's focus was not as singular as one might hope. As evident in many of his uploads, his affinity for spending countless hours playing video games with the sole intent of uncovering bugs and glitches often ate up large amounts of his free time. This addiction was so rampant that Nick's obsession with one video game in particular, Bubsy 3D, a mid 90s PlayStation 1 platformer in which he spent 500 hours and level two alone was what he began to be known for. These are some secrets and the second level of Bubsy 3D. I know this game extremely well. Did you know that even this isn't the highest possible place you can stand on in this level? Years passed and although Nick continuously po- For me, I really enjoyed a game called Croc.  It was a PlayStation 1 game. Obviously Croc, Spyro, Crash Bandicoot. Great games, loved them. I think that the release like the new version of it, I think. I was really young when I completed that. It was also a Crash Team Racing as well that I played. I don't know if that was on PS2 or PS1, but I managed to complete Spyro. I was quite young as well. Like I remember playing the end game like the nasty gnawk boss sequence like so many times and then when I actually came to play it in adulthood when the like the HD graphics version came out. First time, got him. Sayre, Crash Bandicoot, first time absolutely destroyed the boss. To progress reports on platform masters, many began to worry that he may never release it. Otherwise, Nick seemed to be doing alright. Although his personality quirks were still on full display, he'd managed to find workarounds to some of his more harmful lifestyle habits. Using his typical mathematical approach to self-improvement, Nick shed 80 pounds of body weight by simply degreasing his pizza, as shown in this tutorial posted to his channel. Each gram of fat is 9 calories. Each gram of carbohydrates is 4. Protein is also 4. However, one thing to note is that when food is very warm, fat tends to be a liquid. And thus you can use paper towels to soak it up. By the early 2010s, a lot of... So this is an interesting thing because I think I mentioned a little bit earlier about like safe foods. A lot of autistic people have a condition called ARFID, which is avoidant restriction, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder. It's something very, very common for autistic people. Basically, it just limits you to a certain amount of foods that you can tolerate eating. I can imagine in this case it would be pizza. I know some people who can't stand certain foods and will literally just be unable to eat them. Like you can imagine why they can't eat them. In terms of the thing that happens after they eat them. But it's an interesting one. I mean, it's not really something that I have experienced. Mostly because my family was quite... At least my mom was quite diligent in getting me to try new things. I do actually have a podcast where I was talking to her about these types of things. Even things like sports and social events and things like that. She would just always have the attitude of, OK, we try it. If we don't like it, we don't have to. And basically they did the same with my diet. And when I got a bit older, when I learned a little bit more about the brain, I think it's something clicked after watching the Inside Out movie about disgust being around, helping us to avoid poison and decay and things like that and unhealthy, unsanitary things and also people, I think. But that analogy was really helpful to me because I could be like, oh, OK, so what is the best way to train my brain into realizing that something's not poisonous?  Inversely, I've had the inverse kind of the reverse experience with chicken korma, it gave me food poisoning. Or like a bear gram at Donald's that gave me food poisoning. Still got to eat either of them because the association is just so strong in my brain. But for other things, particularly around mushrooms, couldn't stand mushrooms. It was mostly because of the canned versions of them. But once I actually had the proper ones and I made myself have a couple of mushrooms wherever I could, eventually I started to like them. Like that disgust aspect of it kind of went away. And I'm not saying this is a fix all. Like I can imagine that there's a lot of people with with Arthur who really struggle. And, you know, I definitely do have safe foods, which is a concept that some people have come up with, whereby there are particular foods that we will default kind of go towards and consume if we have the choice. And I definitely have a few of those, but they tend to rotate, change. And if I have too much of one, one thing I tend to, you know, it's kind of a feeling of overindulgence. And, you know, I have to switch something else. But I have a problem with texture when it comes to food. That is that is the thing that I struggled with the texture. Cherry tomatoes can't stand them. Can tomatoes like with something else or tomato sauce or anything of that nature? Great, brilliant. But like new potatoes, cherry tomatoes, like can't deal with it. Yeah, tuna tuna is one of those things. I like tuna steak. I can't stand the can tuna. It's too too strong of an input into my my nose. Yeah, I have become a full blown internet celebrity with many popular forms actively following him. Articles about a la Lilia were being published on pop culture websites. The something awful forces of autism with them all these years decided to reach out to Nick to see if he'd be willing to do and ask me anything. Now that Nick was an adult in his mid 20s, there wasn't much resistance to the idea. And many had been curious to get a deeper insight into his unusual thought processes. One of the first questions centered around Nick's music preferences for years, he'd been listening to only a handful of songs, mostly video game soundtracks, but it shows him to make different variations of the songs by increasing and decreasing the beats per minute. He claimed this was for a variety so we could get 20 man's deep in the hyper fixation. You know that you're obsessed with something when you play like the soundtrack to something like I get. I got that sometimes in movies as well, like I just want to put myself back in the movie. Every night I would go to sleep with the movie playing in the background, you know, good times. I didn't really have anything like that at the moment. I really need to find myself like a really good comfort show to watch just at the end of the day, you know, different songs out of one. Someone asked if he had any friends either online or in his home life. He answered in classic Nick fashion, defining friendship as those who coexist somewhere on the compatibility scale, with 6.25 to 25 being an acquaintance and 100 to 400 being a best friend. He's only had three people in his life to ever reach best friend status. It's pretty good. When asked about the unique name of Ella Lilia, he responded that he chosen it because it contains the word ill twice and he considered himself to be mentally ill. Many just wanted to offer encouragement and to let him know they couldn't wait to play his game when it was released. But as the years continued, a release date for platform master seemed as far away as ever. Nick was a perfectionist, constantly improving things about the game, reworking graphics, expanding levels. Kind of the luster's redesign is now complete. And wow, is it way more detailed than it has ever been before. And being a one man production team for a technically impressive game with over 300 levels and no budget whatsoever, even an estimated release date seemed like too much to ask. And in 2011, these fears were compounded when tragedy struck Nick, his family and his hometown of Minot, North Dakota. Okey dokey. This morning, the center of mine on North Dakota is filling up with water. And over the next week, that city of 41,000 people expects its worst flooding in history. The flooding of Nick's hometown caused the relocation of over a quarter of the city's population. Streets had to be navigated by boat. The National Guard came to assist with evacuation and the city's infrastructure, businesses and private properties saw more than a billion dollars in damages. But the timing for Ella Lilia couldn't have been more unusual, as this was when a film crew had traveled from New York in order to make a documentary about his internet celebrity. The film was to be produced by a group of three filmmakers who formed the company Everything Works. Over the course of six weeks, they followed and interviewed Nick and his family as well as the citizens of Minot gathering footage for the film. Early the following year, they released This Trailer. Hi, I'm Nick Smith, aka Ella Lilia. Welcome to Minot, North Dakota. The excitement for this upcoming documentary was substantial and perhaps it's got some things on his got a bio, whole bio out there. LinkedIn profile. The pressure to release something worthy of the attention it had been getting overwhelmed and stalled the team of filmmakers. Time passed with the documentary still an editing limbo and its supporters growing increasingly restless. Finally, in April of 2013, Everything Works producer Trevor Dewan released a statement on his blog explaining the delay. Apparently they had toured a draft of the film to various unnamed festivals where it was poorly received with their confident shake and the team decided to begin a complete re-edit of the film. Nick would never release his game until it was good enough to meet his high standards and attention to detail, Trevor explained. And I refuse to betray our honor. I can relate to that. High standards. My God. Affectionism. Cripples. Cripples people. Nick's legacy or the audience that has waited anxiously. You deserve a great and interesting documentary about Nick and you are going to get that. Although many understood the missteps of inexperienced filmmakers and agreed that a delayed film was better than a bad film, the lack of updates following this statement left fans of Ola Lilia with waning hope. Many attempted to reach out to the filmmakers even offering to buy the raw footage in order to edit it themselves. But with over six years since the last communication from the filmmakers, coupled with the fact that everything works seems to have disbanded, the intimate glimpse into the life of Nick Smith may tragically never surface. Due to Nick's diminished online presence, his internet celebrity has faded in recent years, although he still seems to enjoy interacting with the fans and friends he's made throughout his time. Gotta do the animated run. In September of 2016, a YouTube channel called Alex Yard and Knuckles appeared, featuring interview footage of Nick speaking about his new job, moving out of his hometown of Minot as well as some classic Nick topics such as his dreams. My dreams are kind of foretelling the future such as airline flights, I would have never thought I'd do that back then or that I'd go swimming in very clear, very blue water which is something so wanting to do these days. He still writes fiction and released his second novel, The Secret in the Basement, in 2015. Although we still haven't seen a finished version of Platform Masters, the video game he's been working on for over a decade, it seems he's still fine tuning it to his version of perfection and perhaps one day he'll be ready to release it to the world. It's because everything's going by at 192 mile an hour. Of course, this isn't the only world with this kind of traffic either. At 35 years old, it's likely that Nick still has much more to show the world. And although the glimpse into his life, he's allowed us to see shows of mind fraught with challenges, it also shows a peculiar, yet at times, inspirational individual. From his artistic creations, his analytical and mathematical modes of thinking, his approach to self-improvement, to his methods of overcoming his phobias, Ola Lillia has cemented himself as one of the most fascinating characters the internet has ever seen. Blue water kills you. Or at least that's what I would have said 21 years ago. I wouldn't have even touched a rain puddle of all things. And yet, here I am, sunken up to my neck in it. And it's about as blue as it can ever get. How blue? I'll dunk the camera under and show ya. That is a nice video. Thank you to fellow YouTuber, Homestore Runnertron, for recommending this topic to me. If you're interested in checking out their channel, I'll link it in the description. I'd love for you to share them some support. And a big thank you to everyone who continues to recommend video subjects. If you enjoyed this video and look forward to similar content, please consider subscribing. If you'd like to support Nick and I highly recommend you do, I'll leave a link to his two novels in the description. And thank you to all my patrons who helped make these videos possible. If you'd like to support the channel, stay up to date on channel news or participate in the- I have enough of that. That has been the story of Ola Lillia. By a trustee guide. If you have enjoyed this video, make sure to go over to them. I actually like the video. Maybe give them a comment, give them a sub, making this awesome documentary. Very interesting. Very good suggestion. I can't remember who suggested it, but good on ya. That was a good video, that was nice.


Hello and welcome to our today's webinar. My name is Dirk Fischer and with me is Louis Chaucin, a colleague from our partner ST Microelectronics. We want to present and explain a solution to combine real-time Ethernet like Profinet or Ethernet IP with OPC way. Let me provide some organizational notes first. This session will be recorded. We have the possibility to forward it to colleagues or watch it again later. We also provide the slides of this presentation after the meeting. You will receive an email with the material. We prepared a short survey. We would like to answer you some questions about this webinar and the OPC way in general. It just takes one or two minutes and we really appreciate if you could provide some feedback. We would like to encourage you to ask questions. You have the possibility to enter questions in the Teams tool. We will reserve some time at the end to answer your questions. The webinar is split into four parts. First, we will talk about the motivation. Why do you need this solution? What are the benefits and use cases? The solution consists on hardware and software, and both aspects will be covered in this webinar. While the focus is more on the software side and the functionality within the software. The last section is about the configuration. How to model your device, how to create information models, and bring it into your device. Please let me introduce our company first before we start. Hilscher is a German company located close to Frankfurt. We have about 350 employees in our headquarters, a lot of development engineers. It's owner-driven, so Hans-Jürgen Hilscher founded this company in 1986. Just recently, he transferred the responsibility to his son, Sebastian. Our core competence is industrial automation. We offer a wide range of solutions for industrial communication. Standard products like PC cards or gateways, also SOC, so chips and modules for design in into your devices to integrate it, but also the software which is required for this. So a wide range of different protocol stacks. The traditional field buzzers, we started to develop these kind of protocols in the 1980s and 90s, and later we switched on to the real-time Ethernet based protocols. Now the next generation will be TSN and Gigabit-based solutions. We also provide custom development and also production. So we have our own production in Hattersheim, and we can do customized production as well. Eight subsidiaries are located in the most important regions in the world, in the US and in Asia, and we have, beside the headquarters, we have development sites in Bulgaria, big software development site, and also in Berlin, where we develop the SOCs. And a network of distributors all over the world, where you can purchase our standard products. The partnership with ST has a quite long history already. We have many successful common projects in the field outside. Many products are based on STM32 microcontroller plus NETIX, because both products fit perfectly together. We have development boards, evaluation boards developed together. There is STM32 cube expansion and software examples available. And we have joint exhibitions, so it's a quite good basement. I would like to hand over to Louis to explain a little bit about ST and its offering. Yes, thank you, Dirk. So first a few words about ST Microelectronics Company. So ST is one of the largest semiconductor companies with 11 manufacturing sites and 80 sales office all over the world. The four hand markets addressed by ST are automotive, industrial, personal electronics, and communication equipment, computers, peripherals. ST is delivering a wide range of products, including analog, power conversion, ICs, processors, ASICs, MEMS, and imaging sensors, discreet and power. ST is supporting evolution required by the industry 4.0, like better production efficiency, safer working environment, predictive maintenance, less waste and less energy used. So today we will focus more on our microcontrollers and microprocessor family. So this is STM32. So STM32 is our 32-bit general-purpose microcontroller and microprocessor family. It is well suited for industrial applications and it is used by many OEMs. Here are some few examples about the success of STM32 in the industrial market. So you can benefit from the 10-year longevity commitment. So this longevity commitment is renewed every year. Many devices are proposed with an extended temperature range up to 125 degrees. Functional safety is also one of focus. So you have features to support functional safety like flash and RAM error code corrections. Watchdog PWM protections. We provide safety manuals and self-test libraries certified by Tuva in London. All this is available free of charge and it will speed up your safety certification. So you can check STM32 functional safety web page for more information. A security framework has been defined also which is called STM32 trust to help you protect your assets and reach the security assurance level. You can check again the STM32 trust web page for more information. A consistent and comprehensive software solution is offered for STM32. So first you have the STM32 cube for all STM32 devices which is complemented by the open STLinux distribution to develop on STM32 MP1 microprocessor products. OK, thank you, Louis. Then let's start with the actual topic for today. And I would like to explain our motivation to offer this solution. I would like to start with a comparison. You see two pictures here, two boats, both of the same class of transport device, but with different properties. While the speedboat is fast, the cargo ship on the other hand is slow compared to this. So we have a clear advantage for the speedboat. It's also more quicker in reaction. You can turn the direction in a quicker way. The cargo ship has a bigger latency until it reacts. You need less resources to build a speedboat. You need a lot of metal and a lot of resources to build a cargo ship. Many advantages for the speedboat, but on the other hand, the cargo ship has a much bigger load capacity compared to the small boat. And it has a longer range. You can travel greater distances with a cargo ship. So both ships complement each other. If you have both in your fleet, you have more possibilities. You can cover more use cases. And this comparison can be transferred now to the protocols we are talking about today. Ethernet IP proofing net can be regarded as a speedboat while OPC way is a cargo ship. OPC way in this context means client server because in the solution we present today, we have implemented the OPC way server. OPC way might be extended by pub sub publisher subscriber mechanism. This is an extension to OPC way. Asia also covers this in the future. But for today for the solution we present here, it's a client server solution. So this is a rough comparison. Let's go a little bit more into the details. More on a technical base comparison on proofing net Ethernet IP with OPC way. I don't want to go through each of this rows here in this table, but want to highlight just two properties. First is the data structure or the data itself transported over these protocols. While the real time Ethernet protocols have quite limited amount of data and flat data structured, but not enriched with semantics or more structural elements. While on the other side, OPC way provides much more flexibility. We have an object oriented approach and semantics are included. It's much powerful, much more powerful compared to the simple data structure of the proofing net and Ethernet IP. So this is the biggest advantage of OPC way. If we compare the timing behavior, you see we have advantages on the other side. Yeah, we have a deterministic behavior on proofing net and Ethernet IP. We have guaranteed performance and short cycle times. While OPC way has a best effort strategy. You never know if data arrives in time. You don't know how long it might take to transfer the data. So it's not as reliable and much slower. Yeah, factor 100 approximately to transfer data and we have bigger jitter. So these are the two different properties, but they fit together. They complement each other. For that reason, the two protocols are used for different roles inside systems. And in the factory automation or in automation in general, you see this Pyramide, the classical automation Pyramide. The real time Ethernet is used in a horizontal communication on field level here, in the green colored levels to exchange data between devices, between the end nodes of your system and between PLC and end nodes. While OPC ways is used in a vertical manner to exchange information. So enriched information, but not in real time into the IT systems of the manufacturing execution system for controlling monitoring diagnostics. With a new solution, Hilscher offers now these borders disappear or at least they blur a little bit. So the IT and the OT world converge. It's possible now with this solution to transport information from the devices on the field level into the higher levels. Now, theoretically even up into the cloud, typically you have gateways in between for security reasons. But anyway, it's possible to access the nodes on field level by devices, HMI or mass systems directly down to the lowest level. And this enables new possibilities, new applications. This functionality is available through the same infrastructure. Now we use the same cables, same network to transfer both real time Ethernet and OPC way. Typically our hardware devices offer two ports as indicated here in this picture. So we can realize line topologies, daisy chaining and through this cables, you can transfer OPC way to an HMI to edge gateway, while proofing it is transported to the PLC on the same cable. How is this possible? These real time Ethernet protocols are based on standard TCP IP. They have additional mechanisms to guarantee the timing behavior to add real time capability. But beside this, there's always some bandwidth left for standard TCP IP and OPC way is based on standard TCP IP. So we can use the blue portion here of the bandwidth to transport OPC way data. RTE has higher priority. So the bandwidth for OPC way might be limited in order to guarantee the deterministic behavior of the RTE. Either cat might be a question here. What's about either cat because either cat is not standard TCP IP. There is vice versa. So either cat provides tunnel either net. It's called either either net over either cat. And there we have standard TCP IP inside either cat. And there it's also possible to transport OPC way. But today we don't offer such a solution. Technically, it's possible in the past. We did similar implementations already. But for today's solution, we don't offer it yet because the performance is limited because of this tunneling. You don't have a good performance. It's quite limited bandwidth for OPC way. There might be more services. Beside OPC way, you might want to use a web server and then you need additional bandwidth. And then it gets quite slow for either cat. So what are the user benefits? A device maker might ask you, why do I need it? I have my profile net or even at IP interface. That's OK. That's sufficient. But we think you have the chance to enhance your product, to add value and to differentiate your product with new features from the competition and also from PLC makers. Because now you have the possibility to provide data to the higher layers of a system by yourself, by your device. I have heard from many device makers, they have a lot of data inside their devices. But it's unused. They don't have possibilities to transport it to the outside world, except the data which is required for the control for the PLC. And now you have a channel to utilize this data. Just mine it. It's available anyway, already. And OPC way improves interoperability. You can talk with devices from other vendors from other makers because OPC way is a manufacturer independent standard. And by supporting such an interface, you can add new functionality like a set management, condition monitoring, diagnostics and maintenance. And even device configuration over OPC way is possible. So there are many new possibilities. Yeah, why OPC way for this purpose, for this additional channel besides the real time is in it. OPC way is platform and manufacturer independent. So it's well established already in the IT world. So there's a big amount of infrastructure or tools and everything available for OPC way. So it's quite easy to integrate this functionality into IT networks. In Europe, particularly in Germany, we have an initiative industry 4.0. And there was a reference architecture model specified within this industry 4.0 project. And OPC way is the only communication standard recommended in this reference architecture model. So it's really regarded as a very important and very meaningful for these applications. We have powerful information modeling capabilities and I will present the meaning of this later. What does it mean? Yeah, that's an important feature of OPC way. So VDMA is an important machine builder association in Europe with more than 3,000 members. And this organization just recently published a study about OPC way usage in machines. And 90% of the companies asked, did already or plan to implement OPC way interface into their machines and systems. About 500 companies were asked and this is really a big amount or a big number of companies regard OPC way as important. So that's about the motivation why it makes sense to implement OPC way. You need hardware to do this and Hilscher offers interfaces for that. So if you want to add this functionality to a sensor or to your drive to IO modules, you need an interface and we provide a different solutions for that purpose. PC cards, modules and even chips SOCs. So it's kind of scalable depending on your integration level. You can choose the right solution for your application. But the usage is always the same and it uses always the same software. So from programmer's perspective, it's the same solution. Just different hardware. You have different hardware interfaces. The PC card comes with a PCI express interface while the module and companionship features SPI interface to connect your host controller to it. And the chip even provides a parallel interface. So the system looks like this. We have the netics based hardware, the module, a PC card or the chip itself. This typically provides two ports and then you have the host interface to the host controller. So we have a clear separation between the communication part and the application part. The responsibility is also well defined and separated from each other. Yeah, if you look into the structure of the firmware running on the communication side, you see all parts are provided by Heelshow. The user don't have to deal with this functionality inside. You can regard it as a black box. Just the interface is important for you. The protocol stack is the most important part of this firmware. And then you have the interfaces to the application. So maybe it's more interesting for users, for you to look on the application side. So on any kind of STM32 microcontroller, you run your own user application, the blue-colored layer here. And Heelshow provides a driver for this purpose, so-called civics API, and the application use functions of the driver to communicate with the communication side. We will see some more specific examples later. What does it mean? This interface, how the set of functions look like. Operating system is not, it's optional. It's not mandatory. It's not really required. You don't need it. So even quite small microcontrollers are capable to communicate with the communication side and to use OPC way. You don't need much resources here on the host side. Even small microcontrollers do it. Not going into the details, just a few notes regarding the NETX chip itself and the most important functionality on this chip or module. Our important functionality is called XC. So this is a technology. It's a very flexible communication module. The XC modules, we have two of them on our chips to implement two channels. And they are flexible, reprogrammable by software. They can act as an EtherCAD interface as well as a Cercos, ProfiBus, ProfiNet, EtherNet, IP, whatever. And we have the files on chip. So many functions are already on chip. That this is also true for memory. So we have flash, which holds the firmware itself. And we have power supply and clock generation functions on chip. That means we have only a very small number of external components required for this solution. The protocol firmware is executed on an ARM Cortex-M4 CPU running at 100 MHz. And this block shows the host interface. This is a physical interface to the external microcontroller. And this can be a parallel interface called DPM or Serial Report Memory Interface, SPM. Optionally, there's also the possibility to use a second CPU on chip, another Cortex-M4, and a few peripherals which might be used for an application instead of an external controller. But there you are fixed with a set of functions and limited in resources. Development boards, if you want to start a development, you get different possibilities. ST offers fully integrated development board, the microcontroller and NETX90 on one chip. There's also motor control functionality on this board. So it's more related to motor control applications. And there are two variants with a serial interface and also parallel interface. A more generic approach is this. You use any kind of Nucleo or other development board for the microcontroller or even your own application, your own hardware, and connect this with an evolution board for NETX90. And Net Shield is another solution. So there's a small expansion board which can be connected directly to Nucleo. We have such module available already for older NETX derivatives. For NETX90, it is under development and will become available later this year. So you see in this picture, we have NETX90 connected to a microcontroller and that's a big advantage and provides big flexibility because you can scale this microcontroller. And I would like to hand over to Louis again because he can tell you about the portfolio of microcontrollers which can be used here as a host controller, depending on your requirements for the application. So Louis? Yeah, thank you, dear. So indeed, we propose a wide range of microcontrollers and microprocessors. Many devices with high performance, real-time capabilities, digital signal processing, low power operation, connectivity. So among the latest introduced STM32 series, okay, I can mention the STM32 H7 and STM32 MP1, if you are looking for performance. You have the, in the mainstream, you have the STM32 G4 for motor control or digital power, STM32 G0, which is a lower-cost microcontroller with Cortex-M0, STM32 U5 in the ultra-low power family. If you are looking for more security, for instance. And we have also wireless microcontrollers with STM32 WL and WB to implement Bluetooth, low-energy, ZigBee, Lora, or wireless MBUS. All this portfolio is complemented with a comprehensive ecosystem. So on the right side, you can see all the content with software and tools. Okay, if you are going to the STM32 web page, you will have all the links. And on the bottom side, you can see all the STM32 solutions like motor control or safety and artificial neural networks. So you can check all these solutions on the ST web page. So in terms of ecosystem, so the ecosystem is continuously growing. So it is based on STM32 Qube, which is a software solution for STM32, including software tools, as well as embedded software libraries. So the software tool can address the complete project development cycles, starting with a configuration with STM32 Qube MX, then you have STM32 Qube ID to compile and debug, and then you have a STM32 Qube programmer and Qube monitor. So in terms of embedded software, you have many software bricks available in this ecosystem, which is also complemented with some STM32 Qube expansion provided by ST or by some partners. So for instance, so we have seen that HR is providing a STM32 Qube expansion in order to connect the Netflix device to the STM32. You have also many hardware boards available like Nucleo or Discovery kits to allow a fast evaluation or prototyping also. And last but not least, you can rely also on many online resources and community with the trainings, massive open online courses, videos, and a network of partners to help you at any stage of your STM32 project, starting from evaluation, prototyping until the design and the production. So HR has enriched this ecosystem with a Nucleo expansion board as well as a STM32 Qube expansion to connect all these STM32 to the Netflix device to connect the STM32 application to a real-time industrial internet protocols and OPC UA. Okay, thank you very much, Louis. Now we can start with the software side of this solution. Before we go into the details, I want to introduce a term, an OPC UA-related term, information model. That's an important part of OPC UA because it represents typically a device. So you might have any kind of device connected to a network. And you want to provide data of this device to the outside world. And an information model gives you the opportunity to structure this data and to bring it into a relationship to each other. So an information model consists on nodes of nodes of different classes. So we have nodes of the class object, which is shown here as a box. And we have other nodes called variable nodes, showed here as a kind of bubble. And all these different nodes are interconnected. They have relationships. You see, we have sub nodes here of the sensor type. And these variable nodes, they actually contain the data. And in this case, and in this way, you can model your device and represent it to external clients. So in this context, we have seen this picture before, an HMI or configuration PC and diagnostic PC and edge gateway can access data of the device through this model. They just read and write variables shown here in these nodes. And it's even possible to provide the whole model to the client. So it's not necessary to load a kind of device description file into these clients to understand the structure. The server itself provided and the client can scan it and go through all the nodes and then check the content. So our task is now to implement such a model into the device, into your own device. This is a high level block diagram of a device. We have the separation. You remember the application side based on the microcontroller and the communication side based on the NETX chip. So we have two parts of the firmware. The yellow box represents the software, the firmware. And this model is somehow inside the software. So step by step, I want to go into more details of this implementation. So next level would be to check what's the interface between both firmware parts. We have the dual port memory in between. Now, physically we have the SPI or parallel interface and through this physical interface, you access memory, read and write memory from both sides to exchange data. Physically the dual port memory is located inside the NETX. So the no resources on the host controller are required for this purpose. So on the application side, we have two kinds of data. We have seen this before. We have distinguished the two colors, green for real-time data and blue for the slower, best efforts data, additional data, OPC way based. So, and we have this separation also in our application, even in the code, we can clearly separate these two parts. Real-time IO data, the process data image as a kind of image, flat in the memory. On the other hand, the OPC way data is structured in as objects. So we have a more abstract fuel. You can use C structures to hold abstract data objects. So these data objects not directly related to the information model yet. So this is a Hilscher specification, is these kind of abstract data objects. We will see how this maps to the information model later. But here the message is in your application, you just maintain data inside of these objects. Very simple. Now the functionality in our firmware, in our solution. In the middle, you see them three main important functional components, function blocks. We have a real-time Ethernet protocol stack here, Profinet or others, Ethernet IP. And on the other side, we have the OPC way server, the OPC way stack. There is an additional functionality, a web server in between. All these three functionalities are based on a common TCP IP stack, because all three components are based on TCP IP, except the real-time Ethernet part might bypass the TCP IP stack for some purposes and directly communicate with the underlying hardware abstraction in order to achieve the real-time behavior. So there are some functions not related to standard TCP IP. And then we need an interface towards the application. So we have a protocol interface. We have the so-called Ethernet interface, which provides sockets or raw Ethernet channel here. And we have the so-called net proxy. This is an interface component and abstraction layer between OPC way and the application. So these lines to upwards in the direction of the application go through the dual port memory. Yeah, so that's the communication path from the application part handling the object through the DPM to the net proxy. And yeah, I have a guess where is this information model handled and located inside this firmware? Yes, of course, very clear inside the OPC way stack. So this is a function, functional block handle the actual information model. The application does not deal directly with the information model because we have this abstraction layer in between. On the application side, it's much simpler. You just read and write your objects, data objects and the mapping from any kind of object to the actual variable nodes happens inside net proxy and the OPC way stack. So it's quite easy to implement these models and handle it from the application side. You don't have to deal with the details of such models. OPC way server in general cover a wide range of features. So these OPC servers have a lot of different functionalities and it's scalable because they are platform independent. They can run on small embedded devices like in our case, but also on big servers with much more CPU performance. Therefore the OPC way specification defines four different profiles shown here in the middle. The nano embedded server profile, micro embedded server profile, embedded and standard server profile. And with our solution, we cover the two lower profile variants, the nano and the micro embedded server profile. So these profiles define a set of functions provided by the solution. And in addition, they are so-called facets. These are optional additional features and function blocks. So we add some facets, optional facets in our solution, but we won't go into the details here at this point in the presentation. The server implementation is based on an open source project. So we use the open 624541. And this is an open source project published under the Mozilla license. We actively contribute to this project. We develop this stack and we provide our development back to the project and contribute it. Our solution passes the compliant test tool tests. This test tool is provided by the OPC way foundation. And we also participated in plug-fests. Just recently, there was a virtual one in some weeks ago where we test our solution together with other suppliers, with some other companies. Related to the software, one last slide about the interface towards the application. I mentioned this driver already. So for the host side, the microcontroller side, Hilscher provides a kind of driver, CITIX API. And on top of this driver, we provide an additional software layer, which is called host API. And this host API provides high-level functions to access the objects, as well as the cyclic IO data, the real-time data. So here you see some examples, read object element, write object element, or read input, write output for the cyclic process data. It's quite easy to use these functions to modify content of these objects. There are also indications and callbacks. You can register callbacks whenever a node insights information model is changed from outside. Let me go back here. If an external client write one of these variable nodes, for example, the mode, the OPC way and that proxy inform the application. So they send an indication towards the application and there a callback is called whenever such a node was modified outside. Yeah, this is to get a basic understanding how this API looks like. Now, the question, how can we define such a model? Yeah, we have assumed we have this model somehow inside the server, but this is flexible. It depends on the device. The user wants to modify it or want to create it and how can we do it? For this purpose, Hilscher provides a tool. It's communication studio and in the next slides I want to explain the configuration flow consists of some steps and just a simple overview of how to configure your own information models. In the first step, you have to think about it how to model your device on paper or in any form just to get an idea how you would like to structure your device. And then you can start the actual definition of the model inside the tool. There are three steps. The first step is not so important. We will not cover it here in this presentation. It's just basic configuration of the server. For example, which TCP-IP port is used for the OPC-A server and these kinds of stuff. It's not related to the model. And the second step is the most important one. Here you define this model shown in this picture. Typically, as a user, you don't define such a model from scratch. Typically, you use so-called companion specifications. So they can be regarded as a kind of template and for all kinds of different applications and device classes, these companion specifications are available now. So many user organizations define companion specs for their particular use case like scales, drives, send all kinds of different sensor types. There are particular companion specifications and you can import them. The companion specs are typically provided as an XML file and you can import this XML file into our tool and then use it as a starting point for your own model. In addition to the companion specs, there are some basic namespaces or you can regard this as a definition of types, standard types, which are built in already in our tool. You don't have to import. They are already there because they are very fundamental. And this is important, the DI device integration profile, which is a very generic device representation and you can add more information models on top of such a DI, typically. After you have modeled the device, so you have specified this information model, then you have to map it to NetProxy objects. So this is hillshare specific as a third step and then you can export the configuration and download it into your application. To get rough overview how this looks like, I will show two screenshots, one of this step and another one of this step. So this is a tool communication studio. On the left-hand side, you see the project explorer and the different steps of the configuration I've shown here. Second, number two is the most important one because information modeling is a fundamental of this. Here you can see the imported namespaces or the available namespaces, the basic ones, the UA and the DI namespace. And in this example, we imported a companion spec for scales. So we have this namespace for scales and you can use the type definitions here in your own model. And coming back to our simple example, this device with sensors and actuator, here you can see the sensor node. Here you can see the name, sensor name, it's of class object. And this object has subcomponents shown here, three subcomponents. One is called mode, state and the value. These subcomponents have different data types shown here. For example, the value node has a data type float. In this way, you create nodes and you reference them to each other. This is information building and then last step, map it to net proxy objects. Here we can create new objects. You are very flexible here. It's not necessary to directly reflect the information model object here. You can put all nodes of an information model into one net proxy object if you want or you can have completely different structures. But first you have to define it and then you have to link it or map it to the actual information model nodes. This is shown here in this column. We have three elements of this C structure of the net proxy object and we map each of this model, each of this element of the object to a particular node of the information model. And the last step is to export this configuration. You get a binary file which is imported into the flash of the netics device and the OPC way server will load this configuration and for the application on the microcontroller side you get a header file with a net proxy object definitions. Yeah, that's the way how you define information models and download it into the device. As a summary, this solution contain all parts required for the application. So you get hardware, communication hardware and you can choose between different levels of integration starting from chip level, module, even PC card can be used with the same software. Firmware is available and I will just show another slide after this one where it shows that this solution we've discussed here is just a part of our complete offering. So you have the possibility to scale down or up the set of functions in a firmware. And the tool of course is part of this solution to define your models and configure the OPC way stack. The big lineup or portfolio of microcontrollers STM32 provides much flexibility to choose the right one just fitting one for your application depending on your requirements. For motor control you need different controller than for simple sensors. This is for your reference, you will receive these slides and you can check the links where you can find more information. That's what I mentioned this firmware we've discussed here in this webinar is a high level of set of features. But you get also variants of firmware with less features. So the simplest one is basic field pass without OPC way without web server, it's just standard field pass. We have real-time Ethernet protocols firmware and with extended web server and now the biggest features that even with OPC way. Some of these features that's require more resources. So for the OPC way solution we need external memory while the simple firmware does not require additional memory we come the internal resources of netx90 are sufficient. Now, just know what you see we have many different protocols covered by the same hardware, one netx90 based hardware and you can operate all these different kinds of firmware and OPC way solution is just one of them. Yeah, that's from my side. We have some time left for questions and let's check if you have entered some questions already. Okay, there's one. What's your suggestion for adapting a proprietary JSON based API for OPC way could that app core in netx90 be used for that? No, I don't think so. So I think, so the API for on the communication side is fixed, maybe it's possible to add abstraction layer into your application. So your application may use your own proprietary JSON based API and you have to map this into net proxy objects. It could be done on the application side in the microcontroller, but on the communication firmware itself we don't have this kind of flexibility. Does the firmware of profanet and OPC way fits into the internal flash of netx90? Yes and no. Anyway, we need external memory. We need external SD RAM and external flash for the OPC way firmware. So the biggest portion of the firmware fits into the internal memory, but anyway, we need external memory for a file system and we store our configuration, the OPC way configuration in this external memory. So the internal memory is not sufficient for the solution. Okay, there's another question. Does Hilscher have a product that contains the netx and STM32 on one board? No, we don't have a standard product combining these two components as a product. You have seen the evaluation board or the development board is available where we have both components on one board, but this is not a standard product. I think it also doesn't really make sense because STM32 provides a big flexibility in host controllers and which one should we choose for such a solution. So I think this is necessary to develop your own custom hardware for this purpose. Another question. Does ARM-Kyle operating system have any support for this? No, there is no direct support or direct implementation of this Kyle OS. Of course, you can use ARM-Kyle OS on the application side and integrate our driver on top, but there is not a real direct integration. Next question. For the user application on the netx 90, how much resources memory is expected to be available for using OPC UA at the same time as another protocol like Profinet, especially when considering the large OPC web packet size? Can you also clarify the issues you may run into when running OPC UA and a web server at the same time? Thanks for the user application on the netx 90. You mean the integrated solution? I mean the protocol functionality, both Profinet as well as OPC UA, completely runs on the communication side. On the application side, there is no functionality directly related to OPC UA or Profinet. You just have to provide the data content. Therefore, there is not much resources required on the application side, no matter if it's the internal one or external controller. It depends a little bit on your information models, how large they might be, but beside this, there are not high requirements related to the resources on the application side. Another question, there are many software layers in netx 90 and host CPU. Each layer needs processing time. Do you have a performance measurement with SPI? Yes, I don't have a slide here, but of course, you have to consider the possible real-time, real-time, even at cycle times. And in our experience, the SPI interface was not really a bottleneck. So you can achieve one millisecond cycle time, which is the minimum for Profinet, RT anyway, or also even at IP one millisecond. And normal IO process data sizes like let's say 100 or 200 bytes is possible to achieve because the SPI frequency of netx 90 interface can be very high. So you can really have maximum SPI frequencies and yeah, this kind of combination, cycle time one millisecond and 200 byte IO data are possible beside a cyclic data. But if you have more requirements, so even shorter or sub millisecond cycle times then it is necessary to have a closer look and you might consider to use a parallel interface. If this is a critical question for you, we can also have a communication after this webinar you received our contact details. And anyway, if there are more questions afterwards, don't hesitate to contact us. We are ready to provide answers. So are there more questions? No, that seems not the case. Then I want to say thank you for your time for participating in this webinar. As we announced earlier, we will provide the slides in an email. And again, I would appreciate if you take one or two minutes to answer some questions about this webinar, provide feedback if it's necessary to improve. Thank you very much. Then we close this session. See you next time. And also thank you, Luik, for supporting this session here. You're welcome, thanks to you. Bye-bye. Bye.


The Challenge of the Yukon. The Wonder Dog King, swiftest and strongest of Eskimo lead dogs, blazes a trail through storm and snow for Sergeant Preston as he meets the Challenge of the Yukon. Sergeant Preston was typical of the small band of Northwest mounted police who preserved law and order in the new Northwest country where the greed for wealth and power led to frequent violence and bloodshed. But in spite of the odds against them, Sergeant Preston and his Wonder Dog King met that challenge and justice ruled triumphant. In the small wooden building that was Clemens Point's jail, a worried constable paced the floor as he spoke to Sergeant Preston. No! I know as well as you do, Sergeant, that Shambo ought to be in jail. What am I going to do? I can't put him there for what I think. I want him jailed. I don't care how slight the charges against him may be. The important thing is to put him behind bars for a stretch of about 30 days. But gone, sonnet man, you might as well ask for my good right arm. He comes into town. He's loud mouth. But aside from that, he don't make any trouble. Look, Jack, I've been trailing Shambo for quite a while. No, I know. I'm certain he's guilty of three robberies. I was a witness to one of them, but he was killed, murdered. That leaves you pretty much up in the air, huh? Yes, unless I can get him with a loot. Now, he's got that loot somewhere. It would have been impossible for him to done these jobs alone. He's got men working with him. I don't doubt that none. But he's too smart to be seen in town with any of them. I've narrowed down his field of operations to this territory. His hideout must be within 50 miles of this town. I ain't envying you the job or looking for it. 30 days would give his men time to clear out of the territory with whatever loot he's got heading away. Yeah, he probably wouldn't trust any of them as far as he could throw. Well, that's what I'm counting on, the old law of the pack. Oh, but still, I don't know how I can get him in jail. He's here right now, over at the Golden Nugget Saloon. More than likely making more noise than anyone in the place. Well, he won't stay in town long. We've got to act quickly. Act? But how? Did you ever look at these old laws you've got framed over here on the wall, Jack? Oh, them? Oh, they were set up years ago, Sergeant. That was when this town had about 100 people in it. And they all liked peace and quiet. But they still apply. Well, the Law and Order Commission never got around to changing them. We try to keep the laws of the territory now so as to give you Mounties less to worry about. Jack, we're going over the Golden Nugget. What for? For Louis Shambl. Come on. Ten minutes later, the Mountie walked into the Golden Nugget Saloon followed by the Great Dog King. Beside the policeman was Constable Jack Winslow. It was the he who took from the year as they started over to the bar. I'm in the Golden Nugget, Sergeant. I'm not here for diversion, Shambl. You all know? No. He's got no right to depress and tell him that he's Shambl. The jurisdiction extends only over the laws of the territory. The laws Jack's speaking of are laws of this town. The Mounted Police have nothing to do with them. It's up to the local authorities to enforce them. And that's what I'm doing right now. You're going to jail, Louis, for 60 days. A short time later, Sergeant Prusson was in the office of the jail where Constable Winslow sat chocolatey. Oh, he sure is mad. The expression on his face.  Oh, I got to hand it to you, Sergeant. I never would have thought of them laws. The papers are so yellow I haven't been able to read them for the last year. This is only the beginning, Jack. What are you planning to do now? That depends entirely on what Shambl does. I'll bet you he's burning up right now. Yes, he probably is. But he's got the mind of a killer.  In a cell behind the office of the jail, a prisoner sitting on a bunk near the window leaned back, bracing himself against the wall as Louis Shambl spoke to him. Why are you in here? Why I'm here don't mean nothing to you. One thing's sure. I ain't going to be in this place long. You already served your sentence? I couldn't live long enough to serve out my sentence. So? No. Preston thinks he's going to move me to prison. That's why he's in town. Then yours was no small offense, huh? They don't put you in prison just for throwing bricks through windows. But I'll never see the walls of that place. It's too bad you were captured. Well, I ain't through yet. I, uh... I could make it with you a while if we were to leave together. Forget it. Oh, no. Oh, no. Either we go together, or I'll see that you don't go at all. Several hours later. Constable! What's wrong with him? I lifted him over at the bunk and he ain't moved since I put him there. Maybe a better son for a doctor. A couple hours ago. Well, he ain't now. Can't tell very much. Not enough late in here. I've been wanting to put a bullet in his heart for a long time. Well, you're not going to do it now. The whole town would be on our necks before we got out of place. He was immediately left Clemens Point, heading north toward the wilderness. Hours later, the jail was far behind them. The law catches up with you. You'll do a longer stretch for breaking jail. Yeah. He'll never catch up with Louis Sambo. 60 days wouldn't hurt your none. 60 days. My men could have left the country with $100,000 in fur and gold. You don't trust him much, do you? When Robert is a man's business, he learns it well. Trust me, if they had the chance. Now, come on. We've got to travel faster. We've only got a short way to go. It was after dark when the two men passed a huge boulder formation, turning through the timber. We've been sitting here waiting for you. I thought you were supposed to be back yesterday. Well, I'm Pete Sanders. I've decided he's the one to take Manny's place. Yeah? Now, Mac, you stay in here with him. Tell him about the next job we're going to do. I want to talk with Sam for a few minutes. Hey, where's Lefty? We were running low on supplies. So he went out to see if he could drop it carefully. Oh. Come on, Sam, in the next room. Sure. Where'd you meet him, Louis? You sure he's all right? It seems to me you're taking a big chance. One question at a time. I'll answer those by saying he's not to leave this cabin alive. Huh? I was in jail in Clemens Point. Jail? Yes. The need of his help to get out. Now I don't need him anymore.  Yeah. Sure. So he helped you make a break, huh? Yeah, we'll go back in now. He'll be ready any time you say, boss. Good. Throw in with the yet, you know. Who's this? Pete Sanders, yeah? The two you just came in through the timber? Yes, of course. Did you know that every turn your truck was marked? Marked. One of you left a trail any tender foot could follow.  You broke Jail together. Don't reach for that gun, Sanders. Take it from him, Sam. Sure, boss. I got it. Thought you could double cross, Louis Shampo, huh? I begin to see it now. The constable coming into the cell, Preston in town. Very clever. I'm glad you think so, Shampo. Now, who are you? Never mind. It don't matter. Want me to take care of him now, Louis? Well... No, I'll do it myself. Outside, Sergeant Preston approached the small cabin. The great dog king ran ahead of the pack. Suddenly, the great molly halted the pack. The commute king stood waiting for him. Looking through a window of the cabin, Sergeant Preston saw two figures, Pete and Louis. And in Louis's hand was a gun. We've got to stop him, boy, but I'll never get there in time. I wonder... King, go through that window and drop the man holding the gun. Understand? Good. All right, fella? No! Like something projected by an unseen force, the great malamute raced across the snow, bracing himself for the impact it was to follow, stealing every muscle. The ball went to the glass, landing on the shoulders of Louis Shampo. Hey, what happened? Where'd that dog come from? The window. They'll get him. No, just get him off of me. Oh, my God! I have to get that gun? Oh, no, you don't, Sander. Don't shoot him! I'll get him, Louis! I can't get this off, but I'm going to get this holy jailbird. No, no, don't get anybody. Put your gun down. Hey! Come on, Pete. Preston! The dog's here! I said, go! I'm just in time, Sergeant. I thought sure you'd find a dead deputy by the time you got here. You did a fine job, Pete. There's a loot in this cabin? Yeah. Mac was telling me. It's in the other room. That won't be for long. You're under arrest, all of you. And this time, Louis, you'll be in jail for more than 60 days. Yes, fella, the case is closed. These copyrighted dramas originate in the studios of WXYZ Detroit. And all characters, names, places, and incidents used are fictitious. They are sent to you each week at the same time and reach you from our transcription studios. Hal Neal speaking.