Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankarayesh Academy for the date 22nd April 2019. Displayed are the list of news articles selected for today's analysis and their page numbers in Chennai, Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram and Delhi editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes and time stamping of news articles is provided in the description box. For the benefit of smartphone users, the time stamping of news articles is also provided in the comment section. Moving on to the first article, this editorial article appears on page number 8 in all the relevant editions for analysis. The article deals with the way in which the Chief Justice of India has acted on a complaint against him on sexual harassment charges by a former junior court assistant. The aspects of this news article is relevant for your exam preparation by becoming part of Indian polity and governance in prelim syllabus and in mains under the functioning of judiciary in GS2 and in impartiality and non-partitionship and in laws, rules, regulations and consigns as sources of ethical guidance in GS paper 4 of Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude. Before entering into the news article, let us first discuss about the Gender Sensitization and Internal Complaints Committee in the Supreme Court. See the Gender Sensitization and Sexual Arrestment of Women at the Supreme Court of India, Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal Regulations of 2013 and the Guidelines 2015 have constituted a Gender Sensitization Internal Complaints Committee in which the majority of members shall be women. When a complaint is received with not less than 15 days from receiving the complaint, an ordinary or an emergency meeting shall be called by the CHAP person of this Internal Complaints Committee of the Supreme Court. Then an internal subcommittee has to be constituted to conduct a fact finding inquiry and even in this the majority of the members shall be women. See within 90 days of the constitution of this internal subcommittee, the fact finding inquiry has to be completed by the subcommittee. Within a period of 10 days from the date of completion of inquiry, the inquiry report shall be submitted to the Gender Sensitization and Internal Complaints Committee. See if the internal subcommittee arrives at a conclusion that the allegations were proved, then it shall recommend the internal complaints committee and appropriate action. If not proved, it shall recommend not to take action. However, if two-third of this internal complaints committee differ from the conclusion of internal subcommittee, it shall record the reasons and take action accordingly and it shall pass orders either accepting or rejecting the inquiry report given by the internal subcommittee and thereafter pass consequent orders to put an end to sexual harassment and take all steps to secure justice to the victim of sexual harassment within 45 walking days from the submission of inquiry report of internal subcommittee. Now the internal complaints committee may recommend to pass orders to file a criminal complaint or disciplinary act complaint to take appropriate action. And if the victim is aggrieved by the order of this internal complaints committee, then she shall make a representation to the Chief Justice of India. See this is like an appeal and the Chief Justice shall have the powers to issue such orders necessary to secure complete justice to the victim of sexual harassment. Now coming to the present scenario, see the complaint of sexual harassment it is against the Chief Justice of India. The charges were made by a former junior court assistant who made her charge in the form of an affidavit supported by evidence and have sent it to 22 judges of the Supreme Court. It has also referred to witnesses to the alleged sexual harassment and victimization states the author. It is therefore a matter to be placed before the Gender Sensitization and Internal Complaints Committee under the Gender Sensitization and Sexual Arrestment of Women at the Supreme Court of India, Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal Regulations of 2013 and Guidelines 2015 states the author. The Chief Justice of India, the alleged person in this complaint of sexual harassment has constituted a special bench with only male members and taken this matter and held an open court which is questionable when there is an internal process to initiate an inquiry mandated by the sexual harassment of women at workplace prevention, prohibition and redressal act of 2013. Now the author says clearly the Chief Justice of India should not have presided over the special bench that took up the matter concerning the allegations on himself and this is not the way to deal with the complaint of sexual harassment. The author finds the behavior of the Chief Justice of India ironical because the present Chief Justice of India was one of the four senior judges who laid a series of questions on then Chief Justice of India, Mr. Deepak Mishra's functioning in assigning certain cases to particular benches. Now the present Chief Justice of India has constituted a special bench to take matter of allegation against himself. He formed this special bench without the two senior most judges after him. The author also states it's deplorable to blame the victim and her credibility.  Reporting of offenses is just the beginning of a long legal process. It is better to allow the established procedures to take its course rather than blaming the victim. Finally, the author concludes that the matter is serious and requires careful processing and to send the complaint of the victim to the Internal Independent Complaints Committee. And that is the only reasonable and fair means of establishing the innocence asserted by the Chief Justice of India. With this, let us now take analysis to the next news article. The next article for the day is about the newly spotted birds in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This article appeared on page 7 in all the relevant editions. The information covered in this article will be helpful for your prelims preparation in the current events of national importance and under general issues on the environmental ecology. Now let's move on to the discussion. See in the last few years, a few birds of Southeast Asian origin have been recorded in Andaman and Nicobar Islands during their migration. Andaman and Nicobar Islands with just about 0.25% of India's landmass, it is home to about 350 species of exotic birds or birds of foreign origin according to an official estimate. Researchers are intrigued or fascinated by the fact that number of new sightings has increased after the tsunami 2004. First let's see about this diminutive horse-field bronze coco. See it is distinguished by the green and brown plumage on its back. It is a native of Australia and New Guinea. The speciality is that the sighting was the first recorded instance of the bird in India and the IUCN status of the bird is in the least concerned. Two other first time visitors were also recorded on the islands during the period 2017-18. One is the zappy flycatcher. The zappy flycatcher is a song bad that breeds in China and spends the winters in Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java was spotted six times in different areas of Andaman and Nicobar Islands between December 2017 and March 2018. The IUCN status for this bird is near threatened. See this is because much of the forest and the potential range of the species has been cleared and as a result of this clearance the breeding populations of this particular bird are now fragmented. Visitors also recorded the presence of another bird which was also spotted for the first time, the Javan Pond Heron. It is usually found in Thailand and Cambodia. This bird is larger than horse-fields bronze coco and zappy flycatcher and the IUCN status of this bird in the red list is least concerned. Other birds which also use Andaman and Nicobar Islands for a few week rest before they can fly along the East Asian-Australian flyway are the Mugimaki flycatcher, Blue Winged Pitta, Chinese Egret and the Chinese Paradise flycatcher. The routes followed by the migratory birds on their journeys between their breeding and wintering places are known as flyways. Three migratory flyways cross Asia, the West Pacific flyway, East Asian-Australian flyway and the Central Asian flyway. From the prelims perspective it is crucial for us to know about the East Asian-Australian flyway. Now the EAAF extends from within the Arctic Circle through East and South East Asia to Australia and New Zealand stretching across 22 countries including Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Hundreds of thousands of birds of at least 178 water bird species use this migration path every year. You should note that East Asian-Australian flyway is used by more water bird species in total and more globally by threatened or near threatened species than any other of the world's flyways. In this context it is also important to know some factors that are affecting these migratory birds. See Asia's migratory birds are rapidly losing their critical stopover sites where they normally rest and recover for the next leg of their journey. Wetlands are being drained and enormous areas of intertidal mudflats are being lost to infrastructures such as aqua culture and other farming activities and also to land reclamation. Intertidal mudflats can be defined as shallow sloped shoreline with expanses of fine sediment. They are often components of estuaries and are revealed when the tides go out. Despite their empty appearance, mudflats are valuable as habitat and feeding grounds for many species of wildlife. Several countries in Asia have already lost over half of their intertidal areas and land reclamation is the process of creating new land by raising the elevation of a water bird. Land reclamation is also the process of creating new land by raising the elevation of low lying land or creating new land by pumping water out of muddy areas. Now there are many other disruptions along the flyways that are affecting migratory bird populations. See physical obstacles such as power lines or wind forms kill many birds and despite legal protection in many countries hunting remains quite common and also many existing threats are likely to be exacerbated or amplified by climate change. For example, habitat loss in Arctic Tundra. The displayed prelims question will be discussed in the last session with this let us move on to the next article. This open editorial article appears in page number 9 in all the editions for analysis. See the article talks about proposed amendments to the Indian Forest Act of 1927. The information covered in this article will be helpful for your prelims preparation in current events of national importance and in rights issues in Indian polity and governance and in general issues on environment ecology and in mains it comes under GS2 in government policies and issues arising out of their design and implementation and in GS3 under inclusive growth land reforms conservation spread of extremism and security challenges. The author states that the colonial legislation Indian Forest Act of 1927 is a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. Here by expropriation the author means the act of taking away forest property rights of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest rulers in the name of conservation. While the colonial law served the interests of British government by taking the land rights from the forest rulers, the proposed amendments by the present government to the colonial era legislation is also doing the same or even worse says the author. Thus the proposed amendments also intend to expropriate in the name of conservation. The author states that the expropriation using the Indian Forest Act somehow brought down or ameliorated by the enactment of two legislations. One the Panchayat's extension to Scheduled Areas Act of 1996 as it gave the power to Grama Sabha to safeguard and preserve the community resources. The PISA Act was enacted based on report of Burya committee submitted in the year 1995. Other legislation is the recognition of forest tribes of the scheduled tribes and other traditional forest rulers act of 2006 which recognizes the forest tribes and occupation in forest land among the forest ruling scheduled tribes and traditional forest rulers. Now coming to the central theme of the article the author mentions some of the proposed provisions in the draft amendment bill. The provisions for preventive detention which the author calls as preventive arrest. If any person beat a forest ruler or other, if alleged to be an encroacher, he or she can be arrested without warrant and forest officials can use firearms for violation of legal provisions. The issue with these provisions is that these sections could easily be misused by forest officials against the forest rulers. The draft also expanded the definition of forest to any flora, thus the central government will now be able to change the classification of unprotected forests to reserve forests or protected forests. In reserve forests no rights could be claimed by indigenous communities whereas in protected forests some rights could be claimed by them. The proposal also seeks to limit the discretion of officers to withdraw the offences which will make the conclusion of legal processes a long time and also prolonged imprisonment of forest dwellers. A new category of forest is to be included called as production forest. Now these are forests to produce timber, pulp, pulpwood, firewood, non-timber forest produce, etc. The author expresses concern that this will lead to corporatized forest by handing over to private operators. A section is also included to suspend the right to collect the forest produce from the primarily adiwasi communities residing in the forest, thus creating panic among the communities about their livelihood and relationship with the environment, customs and tradition. Also the draft states that the government can acquire the right of a forest ruler if it is inconsistent with the conservation of a reserve forest. Now the definition of inconsistent is not given, hence the provision could be misused. It was expected from the proposed amendments that it will somehow address the settlement of issues that are related to dispossession of forest dwellers and genuine claims by providing the patas which the draft fails to address. The author also discusses the negative impacts that might happen if such an amendment or a proposal become a law. It could turn forest into a more draconian police state as the law has provisioned to criminalize the forest dwelling communities, preventive detentions, non-bailable offenses, suspension of right to collect forest produce and use of firearms by the forest officials and provisions such as arrest without warrant. Some of the methods draconian police state may use. The stated provisions take away the livelihood and the deep relationship the forest dwellers have with their environment, customs and traditions. And this will further the provisions that are here will further centralize the management of forests as it takes away the state government's discretion to manage forests even more thus creating a conflict in federalism. Now this may also lead to radicalization of Indian citizens particularly those who are living in forests. The author notes how Karl Marx was radicalized by the policy of the government by the use of law to punish people for collecting firewood in the forest and the curtailment of customary rights with increased industrialization. Much of the tribal and forest dwelling communities live in the Red Corridor. See the Red Corridor denotes the geographical area which are affected by the left wing extremism and criminalizing tribal forest dwellers will work in favor of Maoist propagators as the tribal population may join these extremist forces because of the anger with Indian government as a result of curtailment of their forest rights and other basic human rights. The proposed legislation will further burden and enforce stricter and undemocratic control on indigenous communities who are for a long time expecting a relief from the government so that the government to take its foot off their neck meaning that the government should not curtail their forest rights and no more any control. The displayed practice main question will be discussed at the last part of this analysis with this we shall now move on to the analysis of next news article. The next news article of the day is warming up to the heat from the sun. This news article has appeared in page number 13 in Chennai, Bangalore, Trivandrum and Delhi editions. See the content of this news article will be helpful in your president's preparation under current events of national and international importance and general science. Also it would be helpful for your mains preparation in GS paper 3 under infrastructure energy in particular and next under science and technology, developments and their applications and effects in everyday life. This news article discusses about the solar thermal systems market in general such as what is meant by solar thermal system, the advantages of solar thermal system against the solar photovoltaic system and the advantages of solar thermal system against the conventional energy and some of the systems challenges and suggestions to improve them. Let us now see about the differences between solar thermal system and solar photovoltaic system. See in solar thermal system heat received from sun is used as an energy source. As you see in the picture this part is called the collector whose size is measured in terms of square meters. They come in different forms but primarily as tubes flat plates or reflectors that focus sunlight onto a heat picking thermic fluid. Generally glycol is used as this thermic fluid here. In solar photovoltaic system this part is called as photovoltaic part which are called PV modules or PV panels. They generally face towards the sun. These PV arrays receive the sunlight and convert them into energy. The energy is either stored in a battery source or transferred to the grid for distribution. See there is no loss in conversion of solar heat to energy in case of solar thermal systems which is an advantage but there is a loss during conversion of solar light to energy which is seen in the case of solar photovoltaic systems. Coming to the advantages of solar thermal systems against conventional energy systems, two statistics are mentioned in the news article. The first statistic is that the collector with an area measuring 100 square meter can produce 40 kilowatts of heat energy. The cost of production of this 40 kilowatts of heat energy would be 7.5 lakh rupees whereas the cost of production to produce 40 kilowatts of electricity would be 20 lakh rupees. Using this electricity that is produced heat energy is then generated. See in other words our requirement is the heat energy. We gain heat energy directly from solar thermal systems whereas it involves using electricity to generate heat in conventional system which is an extra process. The second statistic is the cost of production of 100 kilowatt hour of energy generation using diesel is 100 dollars approximately 7000 rupees whereas the cost of production of the same 100 kilowatt hour of energy generation using solar thermal system is just 15 dollars which is approximately 1050 rupees. Thus cost savings is quite evident in the case of solar thermal system. See some of the famous temples that use solar thermal systems in its mass kitchens include Shirdi in Maharashtra and Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh. Also industries such as T1 cycles company located in Chennai and TTK pressure cooker company located in Salem in the state of Tamil Nadu use solar thermal system as a heat source in their manufacturing process. Now the next part of the news article discusses about the reasons for low business of solar thermal system. The earlier versions of these solar thermal systems were quite expensive but the later versions became cheaper but by the time it became cheaper the solar photovoltaic systems became more successful in the market. Huge investments were made in solar photovoltaic systems which led to a low growth of solar thermal systems market. If you see this table the growth of solar thermal industry was 26 percent in the year 2017 but it got reduced to 18 percent in 2018. Now here are some of the suggestions for improving the solar thermal systems industry. See firstly the government support is crucial for the industry's growth similar to the support given to solar photovoltaic systems industry. The existing 30 percent subsidy system available to the industry is quite complex hence it needs a change source to encourage indigenous production. Next the OPUS model can be expanded in the industry. OPUS means operational expenditures. It simply means the equipments would be owned by the solar thermal manufacturers or business houses and the users would pay for the heat that is delivered to them. This would be a win-win situation especially for small scale and medium scale industries where there is a lack of space. Now the next suggestion is to set up a center for solar drying by the government of India. Manufacturing industries would be the biggest gainers of this solar thermal system. The solar thermal manufacturers should convince the industries to adopt solar thermal systems. Industry's role in adapting to solar thermal systems is well recognized that it has given birth to an acronym SHIP, SHIP which stands for solar heating for industrial purposes. But solar thermal system is space consuming and in a given space industries tend to use it for the old familiar solar photovoltaic system. A move to convince the industry to give solar thermal a shot has emerged in the form of a solar payback project which is funded by the German International Climate Initiative. This project aims to promote SHIP in countries such as India, South Africa, Mexico and Brazil. So the potential sectors identified are dairy industries, food processing, pharmaceuticals and auto component sectors for early adoption of solar thermal systems. The displayed problems question will be discussed in the last session. With this, let us move on to the next analysis of the next article. The next news article of the day is the editorial being fair and transparent. See this editorial has appeared in page 18 relevant editions. The content of this news article will be helpful in your mains preparation in GS paper 2 under powers, functions and responsibilities of various constitutional bodies. Since election commission is being discussed and next under important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability in particular. It can come as a case study in general studies paper 4 under probability in governance, codes of conduct and codes of ethics. The author of this editorial is the former chief election commissioner of India, Mr. Navin B. Chawla. See during his tenure, 2009 general elections were successfully conducted. In this editorial, he has given his viewpoints on four burning issues in the current time with respect to the 2019 general elections, namely money power, political funding, candidates with criminal cases and model code of conduct. And he also has one appreciation regarding the 33% reservation to women extended by few political parties without any constitutional or legal requirement in candidate selection process. Let us now analyze all the five that have been elaborated in the editorial. The first issue is the money power in election. The author has noted that there have been seizures of cash, liquor, bullion for example, gold bar and drugs were 2600 crores. Drugs have largely been seized in the state of Gujarat, liquor in the state of Uttar Pradesh and money in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is to be noted that almost 20% of the total money seized from all over India is from the state of Tamil Nadu alone which worth around 514 crores. The author has commented that from the above actions, it is clear that the seizures represent only a fraction of the spending and that the political players have refined their methods in handling the illegal money. He has noted that the political parties move money to their destinations even before the election announcement is made. All these actions make a mockery of the rules framed by the election commission especially the poll expenditure limit in the local elections for every candidate which is fixed at 70 lakh rupees states the author. Secondly, the author has discussed the way how the political funding is handled in India. He has stated that there is no transparency in collecting the funds and spending them for campaigning. The author asks to re-examine the rule of spending limit since the spending of the candidates is always higher than the limits that are laid by the commission. Also, the supervision of election commission to monitor the campaign funding is done by deploying the central and state government officials. It is done at the cost of their regular work where they are deputed on special duty. The author predicts that the campaign spending by all the political parties put together would exceed 50,000 crore rupees which is a very high amount. Finally, the author has commented about electoral bonds that is nothing but a camouflaged funding. What was thought to have brought in transparency and legitimacy had resulted in the reverse illegal activities. Now, this fact has very much been admitted by the election commission as well. See, the author clearly suggests that the election commission should convene a meeting after general elections with all stakeholders that should also include the best constitutional and legal minds of our country. Thirdly, the author has discussed about the issues of candidates appearing for elections with criminal background. He has given a fact that 30% of the total outgoing Lokshaba members have a criminal background. He also added a fact that the declaration of criminal cases, wealth and educational background was made compulsory by the Supreme Court as a result of its two orders in the year 2002-2003 in the cases of association of democratic reforms versus union of India. The author is strictly against the view of fielding candidates with pending criminal cases for the election. The fourth and the final issue that the author has discussed is about model code of conduct which is the burning issue of the ongoing 2019 general elections. The election commission is facing immense pressure for its actions taken on violations of the model code of conduct. The author has quoted the words of T. N. Session who was the 10th election commissioner of India. T. N. Session had said that election commission already has enormous powers enshrined in article 324 of Indian constitution that will exceed the power of the executive in all the election related issues during the course of elections. Now, this is a power given to election commission which no other countries in the world has. These powers have to be judicially exercised in a fair and equitable manner by the election commission such that its decisions are viewed by the general public as fair and transparent. So, these are the four main issues that have been discussed by the author of this editorial. The author has a point of appreciation in the case of 33% reservations given to women in candidate selection process for the 2019 general elections by certain political parties without any constitutional or legal requirement. See, despite repeated promises by the major political parties, two regional parties have achieved this reservation. They are Trinamul Congress party from West Bengal, Baiju Janadal from Odisha. Both are the ruling parties of the respective states. See, the author has finally concluded that it would lead to political empowerment of women. The displayed main question will be discussed in the last session of this video where this we come to the end of this editorial discussion. The final news article of the day is about the serial bomb blast that have devastated the country of Sri Lanka yesterday. It has appeared in the first and 12th page in all the editions. This news article is just explained as a news. Some facts about Sri Lanka to be discussed now would be helpful in your mains preparation to be quoted as statistics in your GS paper 2 and India and its neighborhood relations. See, the series of blasts have been reported across Sri Lanka on Sunday in the cities of Colombo, Nagombo, Dehiwala and Batikola. The attack has happened on Easter, a festival celebrated by Christians across the churches of these four cities and also in some of the five-star hotels in the city of Colombo. This attack is the most lethal attack since the civil war ended a decade ago, killing almost over 200 people and enduring more than 500 people. The civil war was fought between the Sri Lankan government and the liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam shortly called as LTTE who wanted a separate country for Sri Lankan Tamils. Post yesterday's attack, that is after yesterday's attack, access to social media sites such as WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, etc. have been blocked to prevent the spread of misinformation or fake news. Curfew has also been declared till today for the relief and security forces to act faster, to restore peace in the affected areas. Sri Lankan government is yet to disclose the names of the suspects or the alleged perpetrators behind the attack. Around 27 foreigners have been killed in this attack including four Indians who had been on a vacation to the island nation. See, India has expressed strong solidarity with Sri Lanka in condemning the attacks and has also offered assistance in treating those who are injured in the attack. Sri Lankan police has received information around 10 days before the attack from a foreign intelligence agency that a group called National Tauvid Jamad is planning to attack the prominent churches in Sri Lanka and also Indian High Commission in Colombo. After the attack, Indian Coast Guard, police and coastal agencies have stepped up security to prevent infiltration through the sea route. Let us now see some facts about Sri Lanka. The total population of Sri Lanka is estimated to be 22 million as of the year 2018. The religious composition of Sri Lanka includes 70 percent Buddhists, 12.6 percent Hindus, 9.7 percent Muslims and 7.6 percent of Christians of Catholic and other faiths. If you come to the ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka consists of almost 75 percent Sinhalese population, 11.2 percent for Sri Lankan Tamil population, 9.2 percent of Sri Lankan Moor population and around 4.2 percent of Indian Tamil population. Now, these Indian Tamil population are those who have been taken during the British rule to work in the tea plantations of candy. With this, we come to the end of today's analysis. Now, let us move on to the final session, revision come practice session. Now, the first question is with reference to Zappi's flycatcher. They have given three statements and are asking which statement are correct. See the first statement, it is a migratory bird which has been newly spotted in India. Now, keep in mind that we have to choose the correct statement. The first statement says Zappi's flycatcher is a migratory bird. We know it is correct for more analysis and it also states that it has been newly spotted in India, which is also true. They are newly spotted in Andaman and Nicobar islands for the first time. And the second statement, they fly along East Asian, Australasian flyway. Now, the second statement states the bird fly along East Asian, Australasian flyway, which is also correct. Third statement, it is listed as near threatened in IUCN Red List. Again, this is a correct statement for Zappi's flycatcher. So, the correct option is option D, Delhi, one, two and three, since all the statements are correct. Now, question two, they have given two statements and again are asking which of the statements are correct. Now, the first statement as solar thermal system converts solar light into electrical energy, whereas a solar photovoltaic system converts solar heat into energy. Second statement, collectors in the form of tubes or flat plates are used in solar thermal systems, whereas photovoltaic panels are used in solar photovoltaic systems. Now, see the first statement is wrong. A solar thermal system converts solar heat into energy, whereas a solar photovoltaic system converts solar light into electrical energy. Remember, photo means light. Therefore, photovoltaic system converts solar light into electrical energy. The second statement is correct. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, two only. Now, the first practice main question, critically examine the proposed amendments to the Indian Forest Act of 1927. See, in the answering part, you may include the points we have discussed in the news analysis of the article expropriation in the name of conservation. State the impacts alongside the discussion such as linkage to extremism, the challenge to federalism, making the forest more draconian polo states, how it may affect the livelihood of the forest dwellers, etc. See, for enriching the content for this question, you may refer to our previous analysis on the articles, How to kill a forest on 14th April 2019 and humanize the law on 20th April 2019. The links have been given in the description. The second main question, influence of money, muscle, violation of model code of conduct, etc. has been derailing election commission's efforts to conduct a free and fair 17th Lok Sabha elections. Discuss, the answer for this topic has been detailed in our editorial analysis. Issues such as money, power, political funding, candidates with criminal cases and model code of conduct have been discussed elaborately in our analysis. You frame the content according to this question. With this, we have come to the end of today's analysis. For daily updates and notifications about the Hindu news analysis, subscribe to our Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel.


Good evening, everyone. Welcome to April the first of two new member Q&A Zoom sessions. I'm Betsy Co. And below me is Steve Greenwood, who's co-hosting. Yeah, in stream would stream you have to you have to like mirror what you're doing. I thought I was being so clever, but zoom is different. Yes, I'm Steven Greenwood. Thanks for coming to this event. Yep. And another person coming in. Yeah, Linda. We have great and I think maybe Linda was the other person I was we were expecting. So what we're going to do tonight, we're going to just start off by looking at a profile together. I picked it at random. It's, so it's an I picked an American profile. And because oftentimes, you know, that's where research is centered. And it's not, it's not in. It's a good profile at solid, but it's not, you know, like over the top overwhelming. So, you know, this is this is the sort of profile that one could aspire to for starters. And, and then after that, Richard will will has some questions will look at his profiles. Linda, Linda, are you Linda Fett. Yes, I am. Great. Okay, I looked up civil war stickers for you and I know you have questions and anyone else who has questions. Please feel free to put those in the chat. And we will monitor them and make sure we get get to everything. So I'm going to share my screen. Share screen. Okay. And the person that we're going to look at our starters. That is Josiah night. The new person is coming in. Yep. Mara or mayor will be joining us. Okay, wonderful. Welcome there. You may or may not see this box at the top of profiles. You would only see it if you have the wiki tree browser extension added on to whatever browser you're using Chrome or Safari. And it's really it has so many fantastic features. And this is just a really fun one so I can see that. Yeah, Josiah is my six cousins six times removed and it tells our, our common ancestry. So it's it's really fun that way. Yeah, that's a nice short hand instead of having to go through and hit connections. It's just right there for you. Right, right. And it does expand to get the more button and it actually shows the relationship breakdown. Right, right. Well, I can do that there. Going back to 29. Oh, there's a lot more shared ancestors. So this is Josiah's profile is very complete. Judy will be joining us. Yep. We have a birth date and specific place. Although this, the profile manager had marked this is uncertain. I wonder why I'm not sure. But we have parent parent names on both of it, of course, as you know, if we clear hyperlinked so if I click on these, I would go to just Josiah's father siblings. And not just spouse but also marriage date and location. So that means that we must have a marriage record somewhere in the sources list. Children and specific death date and location and locations. We can see here. By the way, it's it's easy to overlook this little section, but it's good to note profile manager and if you have questions, you know, right here you click right there to send a private message. You can also see when it was created. And last time some changes were made to it. So this profile hasn't gotten some love for, for about a, about 15 months. Okay. Okay. And this is a sort of bare bones biography. Steve, which, which is the one there's something that will generate auto generate a biography. Is it, is it be wiki tree be with, I believe wiki tree be has a bio generator. Wiki tree will automatically generate one regardless if you just provide it basic information and don't type in a biography. It'll still say, you know, X person was born in this year and died in that year. So that's like the very basic bio that it'll create. And obviously I make sure that all my profiles are a little bit more, you know, enlarged and exaggerated than that. But if you wanted to use, yeah, that browser extension or that wiki tree be which is something you can download. And it would attach through whatever browser using I think my works of Firefox, for example, that would then give you a button, I believe that you would be able to click on be able to generate that. Yeah, it's a nice, it's a nice starting place.  Personally, I like doing it by hand, because I do inline citations. So that's how I write right starting point and then, and then you go on from there. You learn everybody learns. Yeah, everybody has a personal style. So we'll we'll see in just a second, where some of this information came from. But you know basic biographical information. His residency red places where he resided marriage. Clearly these two are coming from the census 1850 and 10 years later that's got to be census information. There it is. Yeah. So the most important thing with and so Steve just mentioned inline citations. So, if you're not familiar with those. It's this is joining us. Great. It's this aspect where you can see the the citation and actually because I have the browser extension. It pops up I don't have to necessarily scroll down. It will take you to that source directly on the page too. But it's nice if you're if it's a longer bio to just be able to hover over the two and see, oh, okay, you know, it's the census and that utilizes basic HTML. So I understand that and everyone's well versed in that and that's something that people can do they wish to get involved, but inline citations are not required. Certainly makes it a lot cleaner for citing information. So if you do that. Yeah, the the other way of your citations would be to just write your bio, and then under sources you would just have bullet points. But then it, you know, it's not as clear how you're supporting this fact with that station. So, that's why that's why inline citations are a little bit cleaner. So, the key thing on these four citations is they allow us to go and check the information ourselves. So, family searches is free and available. So, you know, anyone can click on these links and see the censuses for themselves. The archive as well is open ancestry links are a little more problematic. But now that there's this the, the sorcerer app. You can create a citation for an ancestry source where you can at least share like a view of the of whatever the material is. So that's very handy. There are other things that are only available on ancestry and not on family search. But the fourth thing that this person used is this town history. And so I have, if you click through on this, I'm, I've already, I've already clicked on it I'm going to just take us to the page. It takes us to the actual book itself on the internet archive. And, well, my eyes aren't that good. You're gonna have to zoom in on this one. Yep, for sure, for sure. Oh dear. Wait a minute. Okay. I, where's my zoom button. Can you use your scroll wheel to do it? There we go. Okay, so you can. There he is down at the lower right, his entry. Josiah night, and you can see that whoever did the biography, basically copied the information from this book. And also the other thing that I noticed is the power cord to the computer because I was going to move from here because I didn't want to have the TV. I've turned off the sound but maybe getting my sound and I don't know it. Steve, can you move? I can't see the crowd, but there's 17 people in here now so I'm going to have to go back to the list. I'll have to leave. Okay, screen share for a second. Okay. I think it's calmed down. I think we're okay. Great. Thanks. So, I don't want them to pick up the TV. I don't want them to pick up the TV if I turn the sound. Can we ask everybody who's watching, they can mute. Thank you. Okay. Josiah's entry is actually divided onto two pages. So, if we go into the second page, we see it's pretty comprehensive family genealogy we've got all the children. I noticed that not all of the children are listed on the wiki tree profile. I think it ends at Caroline so there are a few who are missing. And so it's really nice having the whole book here, especially say you were Josiah night's descendant and you really wanted to dig into things you could look at, you know, look through the whole book and see about friends, neighbors and associates and that sort of thing. So that's what you want to keep in mind with your citations is that you want to allow other researchers to be able to retrace your steps and see why you're making the assertions you are. This is another feature of the wiki tree browser extension. These are things that other pages that link here. And that's actually a feature of media wiki. It's just that the app actually accesses that data. Normally the data is not present to people on wiki tree because they modified it that way. So that's that's that's a special thing that won't normally show up on most profiles. Oh yeah remember I said at the beginning that I noticed that the person who entered the birth information said it was uncertain. And in here is a comment from the profile manager addressing that could not find any birth record for him in Sudbury. It's a little unusual that the profile manager would put it as a comment. This might be something where you would want to put a section called research notes between geography and sources and just put that that tidbit there for either for you or some other researcher to come back to that could still be done after the fact though right if that person can be cited that could be entered into research notes by someone else correct. So, so I'm glad you said that. The other thing to note about this profile is it's, it's an open profile. And so that means that any wiki tree or who has signed the, the honor code can can go ahead and make changes. Yeah. Great. Yeah, yeah. Welcome I know I recognize some of the names of folks coming in. Welcome and thanks for, thanks for joining on tonight. So, before we move on to Richard's profiles. Do we have any questions about what we just looked at. And you can put them in the chat or you can speak. You can now unmute yourself. I have a question. So you talk about the wiki extension. I don't really like extensions. I think it muddles up things on the computer. But how do you go about getting the extension. Yeah. Let's see. It's been a while since I got mine. Steve do you remember. Oh, which which browser do you use. The browser that I use. Oh, her. Go ahead. Yeah. No, I am still old fashioned here. I refuse to go to edge for whatever reason. So I'm trying to find what it's. Yeah, I don't use edge either. So I'm right there with you. Yeah, I'm whatever the old one is I can't remember what it is. You mean Internet Explorer. That's it. Okay, I would recommend maybe not using that one, but that's my own personal opinion. I use Firefox myself that that's the one that I use that has access to these. What, what I'm going to do is, or maybe, maybe Steve, could you find the, the help page for wiki tree browser browser extension. Yes, I will. I just posted a link. Yes, there is Murray just posted a link there you go. Thank you browser extension. Thank you. Yeah, and it was pretty painless to to install. And I've had it I've been using it for maybe four or five, four or five months, and I haven't had any problems with it. Just one person's opinion. So let me let me look at the questions that we have so far. I've answered Linda's question in the chat as well. Okay. Okay, so Ruth has is working in a jet column in import. Okay. It looks like Marsha Hicks has her hand up. Oh, okay. Marsha. Yes, go ahead. Yeah, so I have a question about, I've seen on a couple of profiles where there's been and some comments made about where to put find a grave. Whether you put it in sources or whether you make like see above and put it there because not really considered a primary source. So, is that kind of a, I mean, is that kind of a situation where you, you know, well, is it kind of a one way or the other kind of thing? Or what, what should we do with that? I've been, I've been doing it. See also and put it in at the bottom, rather than actually putting it in with the sources. Yeah, comment on this one here. So I do use find a grave a lot. I understand it's not a primary source for a lot of the data. So a lot of people like to source it on birth and death dates and things like that. I cite it mainly as burial location. And I actually type in that it's for burial because I'm still looking for a death record. I'm still looking for a birth record. And as we all know, the dates on gravestones may not be correct. That might be what somebody submitted to them and they put it on the gravestone. So it's a clue. But I'd still put it in sources for burial information because, you know, if you tag your category with a cemetery category, it's basically telling you which cemetery that they're in. So that's the source for that. And I don't think, I don't think we can debate the cemetery as much as long as there is a stone there unless it's a cenotaph. Like a cenotaph is one that says recognizing them, but they may not be buried there. Those are the only exceptions. Well, that makes sense to put it, if you're using it as a burial location, that as a source for that, that makes sense. But for everything else, that's how I approach it. Okay, I'm trying to use it as a source for birth and death. That's where it gets weird. And I would really look for the records of that case, unless there's no records available. And that's the only thing we got. Right. Okay. Okay. Thanks. No problem. Yeah. Okay. All right.  Sure, yes. And it's interesting because I came to wiki tree because I was actually looking for what may be a broken link in my family tree. And I'll have to use more research in that regard. But what I did find is that my immediate family, my father and his family are not listed precisely or accurately. So I wanted to learn how to make corrections like that. The first thing that is most glaring, I think, is if you look at the profile McCluskey, MCC, L, U, S, K, E, Y. That's 892. Hang on. I'm all right there. This, this is the one you're your paternal grandfather, correct? That's 884, right? 892. 892. I have it listed here as 888. Oops. 892 does not. Maybe not under that formatting. It might be McCluskey one word. It is one word. Did you have the, they had them separated? Yeah, they're not supposed to be separated. That's one of the things to correct that I made a correction for that. What is, what is the individual's name? It's listed as Richard A. Allen McCluskey. Richard A. McCluskey. Okay. At least this way they'll find variations. Richard Allen. Nope. Not that one. The one just below it. That one. 892. Yes. Yep. Right. And so I noticed that this has the same profile manager as for your paternal grandfather. Yeah, so I've been, Don has been in contact with me and we're getting things squared away. So he basically said, just go ahead and do what you need to do. So that was nice of him. So if you look at father of John Hugh McCluskey. That is actually John Hugh McCluskey. The third that's my cousin. Okay. His father is John U. McCluskey. Junior. Not Richard A. McCluskey. Oh, so you've got some untangling to do. Okay. Exactly. Yeah. And I would have just gone slap, bash and done it all, but I want to document everything as I go. And my difficulty was finding birth certificates, death certificates, that sort of thing. Right. How do you do that without going to the counties and paying $8.95 for each one and waiting three months for them to respond. Right. Could, could I take us back to. To this profile? Cause I was looking at this profile. Last night. And it looks to me like. Hmm. Founder have ancestry. Happened on this. Aha. Don was on this page today. But it looks very different from what I saw last night. The sources are all tidied up. Use the AGC. Nice. And so some of you had, had been asking Ruth and. And Linda were wondering about. Jed calm. Automatic import of sources. And so what Steve is mentioning now, AGC.  Oh, I mean, this might be getting a little more advanced, but again, it's another extension of basically cleans up the data that comes out of Jed comms.  I believe the AGC extension cleans it up and turns it into texts. So just trying to make it look more biographical in that case. You know, so, so if you're trying to clean up a lot of Jed calm junk that comes out of those uploads, you know, that is something that's beneficial to use. And I believe that's already built into. I'm trying to remember where that comes from and. Do you have to have an external extension to get that to populate or is that part of a wiki tree now? It might be part of. Wiki tree, the browser extension. Because if it's part of wiki tree, then nobody has to worry about a separate extension for it. Yeah. I don't, I rarely use it though because I rarely deal with it. But there's the, yeah, there's a page. The GTG to both getting it.  Yeah. And there's a space page right there. What is Jed calm. Oh. Okay. What are Jed columns? Well, yeah, I mean, this is, this is one reason why I think that it is, it is a little more advanced topic, but it is appropriate to an audience of new wiki tree years and for a lot of new wiki. How can I explain this the best? So a lot of times people will build their trees on other sites like ancestry and they will export them as a Jed calm. So it will keep all the connections that they made on that site and then they will dump it onto another site like wiki tree. The problem is that, you know, a lot of the data won't convert over into text. And so it'll just be, like I said, a lot of these artifacts that'll show up. So that's where the Jed calm cleanup comes in. So, so it's an easy way for people to add stuff to wiki tree. However, you have to go through every profile and you may have to clean all of those profiles up. So I, I'm the kind of person that avoids gen comms. I upload articles or profiles one by one, ensuring that the data is accurate. And then at least I have one source on there and then I can go back later and add more of a need to. So I'm just a person that doesn't use Jed calm for that reason, but other people have already worked on their trees for so long. They feel that Jed calm is the best option for them. So that's, that's why these things exist. Does that help answer your question? It certainly does. Thank you. Okay, no problem. Yeah, I think that once, if you do it once, you'll recognize what a, what a train wreck it is. It is such a mess. I mean, it's not a bad way to get started for maybe two or three generations.  So you want to keep the integrity of the, of the wiki tree, which is really important. And really is the most wonderful feature of this, of this site. What features. That it's one family tree. Okay. Connect to people all over. It's just phenomenal to me. I really appreciate it. It comes also have the danger of duplicating profiles that are already on wiki tree. So if they don't get verified, they don't get merged. And so then we have to find those profiles and merge them after the fact. So that that is another issue that Jed calm can present. If someone decides to simply dump.  You have to upload those things separately to do that. Right. And of course, the other thing that we should mention with pictures is wiki tree is very strict about. Asking members to follow cop respect copyright. Yeah.  And you can just scoop it up into your own profile for that individual. That's a no, no on wiki tree. Right. And they also operate under contract law too. So technically they own that photo. At least they will claim it. And that gets into a hole. Another thing that we don't have time for. So anybody wants to talk about contract law in the future, or that that could be another discussion. Um, So, um, in going back to Richard to your question about how do you get the, the, um, The information, um, there's a really helpful feature on all profiles down. It's on the right hand side, um, about halfway down. And it's this root search. And click on that. It may ask you to enter in your logging credentials for wiki tree a second time and just do that. And, and, uh, and then you'll be up and running, um, down at the bottom. So it pre pre fills in all the information that you've already have on your ancestor. And then you can select, um, Um, Well, you, well, let's just see what, uh, what ancestry has. So I'm responding to someone in chat, by the way. Sure. Um, so you can see the census. Uh, then you're. Oops. I don't like this feature. Um, if you, if you stand up, I believe it said John E. Which is not correct. John. At the top. Yeah. John. Oh, this one. Well, this is, this is just, um, clues of other ancestry trees. Oh, okay. Okay. And then if you go below, then you're seeing actual records. So we have a census we have, uh, this, the, the wife's name is the same or correct. So we, we know we have a hit here with this draft card. Um, Uh, that, that draft card is for his son, not his. Oh, okay. But it's the right family. It's the correct family. That's right. And in the relative there, Alberta for the draft card. That is, um, Alberta's. Well, that, that's all mixed up. I don't think my grandfather was drafted into. Uh, I don't think he was drafted. He was a merchant Marine. He wasn't drafted into the US military. He was drafted into the US military. Um, his son with the same name. Junior rather than senior. Um, enlisted. I don't think he was drafted. Well, he may have still had to register though, even though it says draft card, I think they still had to register. That's a certain, up to a certain age. Yeah. So it may have just been a, um, you know, I don't know if it was a draft card. You'd have, we'd have to look at that and see. So, so let me just, since we talked about sorcerer. Um, We could, we could click on that.  Oh, well, that would be my grandfather's age there. That's a 40 on the card itself. That's well, it's dated 1942. So it's looks like this might just be a registration card. Okay. Yeah, that would be my grandfather's card. So that is. 1901 Oakland, Oklahoma. Yeah, yeah. Um, so. When you're on this page. So you can see that I have this little one. Um, Does everybody see that? That, that's my, my, um, Sorcerer extension. Um, so if I click on that. And this is another way, by the way, just to search, uh, various websites. But if I go down to build inline citation. Click on that. And now it's on my clipboard. I'm wondering if this is, no, it doesn't look like, um, like Don had already. Doesn't look like it's in there. You're right. Good. Okay. Well, then let's, um, I'm going to go ahead and add it. So it's an inline citation. So. Let's see what was the date on that. Thank you. Okay. Okay. In. 1942. John. Registered. Military. And of course you can go back and change this later. Military service. And then I'm just going to. There. And so I just copied in and it gives an ancestry sharing link. So if we, um, Go to preview, we can see what that looks like. So in 1942, John registered for, I'll take that out for military service. And you can see that, uh, you're going to get this sharing link. So the pre preview button is very handy. Um, I will. Let's change that. Okay. And then. I added sources. I improved the bio. All same. So, um, and someone else was asking, uh, I think Linda, I think your question got answered by David, but, um, this is where you would look for the profile, uh, privacy level. And I think that's the. The first thing I wanted to do was to. Make sure that the profile is. There's, so this is, this is the least restricted level. Is the person has passed away for so long. And, um. Profiles after 150 years are definitely open for a files. Right. Yeah. Let me give an example of where I got hung up. And the first thing I wanted to do was begin on this page where you started. and then my cousin incorrectly after that. I got hung up on trying to find a death certificate for my grandfather. I think I, for this gentleman who's sworn, I could have sworn I saw one. Let's just go back for a second. Well, now you're making me nervous. If you had a hard time. Yeah, there's a death index. Is that it Santa Cruz? That's what I would have been correct. Yes. Okay, there it is on ancestry just an index. So you still would, but this, this is sufficient for, for, you know, for stating your facts. And then for your personal interest and records at home, if you wanted to, you know, pay the 895 and get the actual death certificate. You could do that, but there it is. And it also gives mother's maiden name. Does that look correct? I'm sorry, where Thompson? Yes. Yep. But I think I'm going to go back to his profile. I don't know that date is listing. Is it? Let's see. No. So, so that means let's see. Okay. Don didn't, didn't do anything with that. So let's, let's go ahead and add that. So we're going to come back here. I don't know. So it's birthday February 8th, 1963 in Santa Cruz. Build inline citation. Okay. So death date, 8th, February, 1963. Now we're certain Santa Cruz find the right place in the bio. Say that John died in Santa Cruz in 1963. And there, there's our, there it is. So. I just have a comment. What's kind of interesting with these sites is it's including a lot of data that could be actually included in the biography. I think I would have had a tendency to move the date, the data out of the site and into the biography. Like, could you give me an example? The mother's maiden name or something. Or. Oh, yes. Yeah. Just like with on the draft, on the draft, it was incredible cause it had all this, it has a height and weight and all kinds of other stuff. Which most people wouldn't go to a, to a site citation to take a look at that. Right. But then what I would do cause I, I'm always, I, I am very, very strict about looking at an original source, like the census, if it's available to me and I squeeze every little fact out of it. If you were to include all those details in the bio, then you could do, you know, you could cite that source. So there's a way to, if you're repeatedly sourcing the same record for say five, five different facts, you can, you can do that repeated source thing.  You could just say nickname draft record, ref, ref name equals draft record. And then you would, you would cite draft record each of those times and, and it would, you know, cause you do want to, you do want to back everything up that you're saying in the bio. That, that conversation might be a little bit advanced for the purposes of tonight, but you're right. There's, there's a lot of information to be mined from, from these records. Now I know you're relying on ancestry.com. That's a pretty expensive thing to be doing for somebody. Is that, is that like a necessity? Do we really have to be connected with ancestry.com to get this work done? No. So in fact, let's let me get out of here and let's do a search on family search, which is free. And let's see what's, what is, what is there for your grandfather? Sometimes takes a while. Oh, you have to log back in, don't you? While we're doing that, can I make an observation about, about what you just did in the, in terms of adding the footnotes? Yes. Yes. I noticed, I noticed that you put the footnote before the sentence ending period. And as a, as a, as a 40 year writer and editor, I'd like to suggest to you that they belong after the period. Oh, okay. Did you put the citation before the period? Yeah, I was gonna, I was gonna make the same comment because I've always put it after the period as well. It should be after the period. Okay. That's probably just an oversight. It's probably just small oversight. All right. Yeah, I just wanted to, sir. Thank you. Well, I always want to do it, follow best practice. So, yeah, thank you. All right. Keep me signed in. Yes, for two weeks, but it won't. Right, I could have more if I did this lesson too. I know. I know. I have to, it seems like I have to do it every time too. At least there's going to be glitchy. So, here we go. We've got the same death record. Let's see if it's any more. Beautiful. So, I guess it's, so it is an index, the same. Yeah. Mother's name. Yeah. Well, it's interesting here too, even though it's the death record, it does indicate a birth date, which is also not on his profile at the moment. And that could be used as a birth date source. The death record happens to have it. Absolutely. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Yeah, if I go back to, let's see. Right, so we don't have a birth date. About 1901 is what they said. So that, does that mean we can update it now? Yes. And so, family search is really nice in that you don't need search art. All you have to do is successful, successful research turns into results. Yes. Copy the citation. All right, let's see. The birth date is. March 16th. March 16th, 1901. Okay. March. 16 Mar. So we have a certain formatting, of course, fretting dates. Mm-hmm. And to say that it's certain, I think we're certain that it is Oklahoma. It would be really nice to narrow it down. Yeah. Location, yeah. And then we can now come here. You still keep that one intact. Right. It's fine to have multiple sources backing things up. Okay. So it looks like we do have a couple of things. There's, looks like there is a birth record. Okay. And now we're going to add ours. So, um, notice that I press C for site your source. And it, it gives me the ref tags. And now I'm going to just copy the death index in there. And really, did the, did the, and I had just have to wonder, I don't want to do anything. Did, did the ancestry version of the death index also give the birth date? Because now are we doing duplicate, are we naming the same source place? I don't remember if it had the birth date on there. Can you go back to look at it? Yeah. I think it did. Upper work, yeah. Ancestry. Okay. I think he's faster. It did. It did give the birth date. So now, yeah, so that's not great that we've duplicated it. So let's, let's see if I can do this off the top of my name off top, top of my head. Steve, are you, you do use multiple citations often? Yeah. If I need to nest, if I need to use a certain one multiple times, yeah, I'll put in a ref name, and then I will actually create a unique identifier for that citation has to be quotes. Right. Ref name equals, right. Equals quotations and whatever that is. Close the quotation, close the, the carrot. Don't, you can't have a space in there. What? No, no space. That's right. In the name, that can't have a space. Those have to be all together. So you can just put in depth. Death works. Okay. And then you had another one that needed to use death. Yes. You would just repeat it. Usually if you're citing the birth date in the death record, I would recopy the entire deaf index citation and make sure that that's complete on the top. And then I would use the secondary ref name at the bottom that that's like just got the forward slash and the end carrot. So that way you're just citing it again, but you're not citing like the whole thing again. Exactly. So again, this is, this is all HTML shortcut stuff that I understand might be a, you know, complicated. Oh yeah. I'm not sure how well versed everyone is on HTML here in the chat or a wiki markup for that matter. Which is the brackets and, you know, the, the bolding and those basic features that we have on our wiki. So learning wiki script is one thing. Learning HTML is another. Yeah. And I have to say, um, this is, that does not look great. No, you need a space slash and then the closing angle bracket. All right. You have to take out double quote after the double quote put in a space and then, and then a slash space slash close angle bracket, greater than sign. And then get rid of the, the end graph. Yeah, right. Right. Who is being so helpful to me? Thank you. This, this is Murray Maloney speaking. Oh, thank you, Murray. Okay. Um, yes, you know, for those of you who are not comfortable with wiki markup, um, and I, I've gained some comfort, but I'm nowhere near, um, where, where Steve or apparently Murray are, I've a little bit editing with you since 2004. So yeah, that's just my background. I have a cheat sheet.  And then when I go to do something like this, I, I'm always consulting it. Um, so don't be afraid to do that. Now we're going to preview and see if this worked. Are we willing to share that doc? Absolutely. Yes. Um, it looks like it's citing it correctly. Uh, one, two, three at the beginning and then three is repeating, uh, you just want to get that period in front of the three. We can always come back and clean this up afterwards. Yeah. So John, so here we can see I use the death index to cite his birthday of March 16th and that's reference three. And then here it is. Ta-da. Mm hmm.  Right. It shows up as 3.0 and 3.1. Right. And that first entry as well, you can, you can eliminate the word about now that we have. Oh, good point. Decided that 19.01 is accurate. Right. That you can actually type in the, the date itself, March 16th. Mm hmm. That's 16, right? Yep. No, I tend to not put the narrative. Um, yeah, I know the different projects all have, um, um, different sort of style practices with that. Um, okay. And I'm going to make things right with my period here. Done. Okay. You're all going to leave wiki tree now because we didn't put period at the right spot. So what I could say now, when I go to my, of course, you can't, you can't change, save without saying what you did. We added a source. We improved the bio and I made a minor correction with my period. And then it allows me to do the full save. So, and I will definitely share my cheat sheet with you. Now that we have, uh, the free space page for, for the zooms, um, that can be a clearinghouse for information like that. So I'll make sure that I, I add it. Thank you. Yeah, you're welcome. There was a curiosity, I noticed down in the lower right page on the profile referencing the big McCluskey book. Oh, uh, well, I think that's when I'm further up, right. Right there. Down a bit research, a low collaboration. Oh, it's not there now. No, I know what you're talking about. In edit mode. Oh, yeah. Those are examples. Yeah, yeah. That's for formatting. Uh, so the, the automatically put in like the McCluskey farm, like that doesn't actually exist, but it's just giving you an idea. Whatever surname of the profile. Oh, okay. So there isn't really a big McCluskey book to refer to. I was rather exciting for a moment. I, I imagine you would be. The big co-book, the big Greenwood book. Yeah. Everyone will have that book there. We all hope that we have a book, but. And a very, very helpful thing. Like I went into edit mode and now I have no edits to make. So just, I'm going to return to profile without saving. Ta-da. Yeah. Now we just need to get some parents. Yeah. Yeah. Well, we already know mother's main name, which is a big deal. And that comes from that source that came from the death record. Yeah. So that can be used on her profile. Right. Um, so I feel like before time escapes too much more from us, Linda had questions about attaching civil war stickers. Yes. Uh, Linda, are you still there? See if she's still with us here. Linda iPad. Okay. Viewed it. Oh, okay. Great. Great. Um, so. Okay. Um, so do you want to give us a profile to look at? Or do you just want to, I can show you. I do have one ancestor who is, uh, let's see. Here he is. Eugene, Eugene, Harry Menzee served in the civil war. And so is this the sort of thing that you're hoping to do? Yes. Yes. Okay. So where you want to go is I have too many tabs open. This, I'm going to put this in the chats. There's the, um, the template page. Um, and have you used stickers at all, Linda? No. Ah, okay. So we'll, we'll go in and look at my, um, my, my, um, example and see how it looks. So basically you could, um, stickers use double curly brackets. And so here, you know, basically this is what you want to copy and paste. And it's going to come out like this, but you have to, you know, fill in your own information. You can modify it. Yeah. And that would be the best thing. Simply copying and pasting in this case would work. There is also a way to create templates off the template creator, uh, it'll ask for information and produce them that way. But I do think this is the easiest way to go ahead and create one. So you can see the parameters, what they do at the bottom too. Right. If we go to, um, my ancestor, and then I go in edit mode, this, you know, this is another really good trick is if you see a sticker that you would like to use, you can always go into edit mode on another profile and grab the code. Assuming that it's editable, of course. Right. Right. Um, it's locked. You may not be able to access this. You just have to find a different one. Uh, you can use the profile for civil war people and, and just find one within the pro, uh, the category. So you can go to the category for civil war and find them that way as well. But under the templates, I'll go ahead. Well, all the people, all the people who were in the civil war are, are 150 years dead by now. Right. Right. Right. There should be no issue with, with, um, profiles being locked. Someone might still decide to lock a profile for their own reasons though. I mean, I said that's going to be less rare in this case, because they have been deceased for a while. You may not run into that issue. Yeah. That's so I am guessing under the templates, there's probably a list of templates. I know there's one for the DAR that recently I'd heard about. So I wouldn't mind using that. How do you get to that? Sure. Let, let me just finish what I'm doing here and then I will take us back to that page and retrace my steps. Um, so one really important point about stickers is you want to make sure that you put them below the biography. So below this heading, um, you can see that actually, um, my ancestor, he has a, a sticker, um, to show that he's part of the, uh, the Menzi clan. And then here is his civil war sticker. Um, and you know, I entered in the, the dates, the side that he was on. Um, there's a, there's a whole, there's a whole list of flag options. Um, on wiki tree and you want to, you want to try and make sure you're using the right flag for the right time, the right date that you're talking about. Um, if possible, it can get a little messy, frustrating, challenging. Um, and, and there, there it is. Now preview doesn't work as beautifully with stickers. I find, um, so sometimes you need to actually save and see what it's done. Um, again, I'm going to return without saving. And, um, so, um, yeah, I would highly recommend looking at other profiles that have stickers that you like or want and, and just having to look. And a great way to look at random profiles is, where's, where's random profile? If you random right there, go down right there. Okay. It's relatively new. Yeah. If you have the browser extension, you can, you can add it to your personal menu, but otherwise go under find and just random profile. See where we land. Wow. Just, oh, this looks like a, wow, a very nice, uh, nice bottle. So it can be sort of interesting to just, uh, spin the wheel, dip your hand in the jar, see what you come up with. Um, so Lori, back to your question. If I, okay, so how did I get here? Okay. So I went to, uh, the help page for stickers. So I think that's, that's a really good place. Let me give that, give that to you. Um, chat. Okay. That's a good starting place. And, um, it will give you a bit more, um, technical information. Um, did you want to try and find the DA, we can look for the DAR sticker if you'd like. I have a DAR sticker on my profile. Oh, just, I just added it recently. Let me look and see. See, uh, you've seen what a category stickers. It's not under DAR. It's under, I think it's under societies or something like that. Hmm. Um, because I had a hard time finding it. And I remember when I was first looking for it. There are a lot of stickers. Society ancestors, society member. I think that would be it. Society member. There we go. Yep. Yep. So all, all kinds of bling that you can put on. And when in doubt, if you can't find it for the categories, you can always go to search. You should be able to search any page on wiki tree. It might do an external Google search to do it. But yeah, that there are definitely ways of finding this information. Right. At the bottom of every page, you know, I'm just on this society member sticker page, but all the way at the bottom, you can, you can search for anything. And it's, once you get comfortable with using, using this tool, it's very helpful. What I find about wiki tree, it's really because it's very, it's HTML based. Most people don't have that exposure. And it's pretty technical for somebody to just dive in and use it. And it took me a long time to feel comfortable just to put the ref and brackets and the ref with the backslash at the end of each site and then understand how it worked, but there's some complexity to it that, you know, it might be helpful to have a class on that. Right, right. Absolutely.  You can't break wiki tree. You know, it's so, so experiment and try and see what you come up with and ask for help. Any, anyone who wants, you know, I will, if you ever have questions, you can always post it on the new member zoom free space page. And I'd be happy to get back to you. And projects, the projects that have like a training opportunity like England has the orphan trail, Scotland has the tartan trail, Canada has training module. Those are really great because then you're paired with a mentor and they sort of help you get over the hump of the initial learning curve. Yeah, I will also link to this how to page. I found this is somewhat beneficial for people. So I'm just going to link this into the chat. It also goes through some, you know, bigger steps, like, and maybe some basic steps, how to edit a profile, how to manage your watch list, how to join the community and start doing events and things like that. So that is available to people in five languages. And that might be helpful for everyone. And I wanted to mention, too, is I just reached out and asked for a mentor. I just found one and emailed her and she said, sure. And so we've just been, you know, she got on my trusted list on a couple of my profiles.  And of course, you know, about the things about the HTML stuff, which I didn't have any idea what that was. And so, and like you said, just do a little bit each day. And you guess, oh, you kind of get, you know, get the hang of it.   And, you know, I didn't put it in the right place or I forgot the space or something.  And every day it gets a little easier. So, so that's been really helpful for me. So yeah, that's that's a great I forgot about mentors. And and that could be a great way to go if you're if you don't want to join a specific project, you know, that's more generalized. Well, I thought that, I mean, I probably will eventually, but I thought that might be a little too overwhelming at first is to kind of be committed to a project. So I just kind of wanted to get my my tree a little bit more, you know, under my belt first before I started. No obligation to join any kind of project. Yeah, I know like you. Yeah, if you want to just contribute to your own stuff, that's perfectly fine. A lot of people do that. Yeah. So. And and when I first joined Wickey Tree, I, to me, it felt like entering this vast like castle, not even a mansion, like a castle with a hundred rooms. And I sort of felt paralyzed, just like, just like I stepped in the door and I was like, I don't want to go very far because I'm going to get completely lost. And so, you know, you cannot, you can't get into this. I did. I did. I felt really overwhelmed when I first started. And so I like and I stopped for actually probably a couple years and then I kind of dabbled a little bit. And then I thought, no, I, you know, I'm tired of ancestry. I just want to do something that's just one person for, you know, one profile for each person. And so I just, you know, a month or so ago, I just said, no, I'm just going to stick with this and just dig in and really learn it. So that's kind of where I've been. So, you know, so great. I'm glad you came back. That actually is a really common thing.  And then we're going to come back, hopefully. Yeah. So, yeah. Yes. It's great. Yeah. I just see that, you know, 94.1. The first worldwide, for instance, the 84. You're breaking up. Do you want to type your question in the chat? I'll try to answer it there too. Oh, OK. Sorry about that. Sorry about that. We were hearing like every third word. I have a question.  So you put yourself in. Right. And then usually it's like second or third generation. You might find a family member. So what I've been telling people, because I know a lot of people that have never done anything with this, is that you always do a search first to see if the person's even in there. But it's easy to get felled up because people can have something off just a little bit, because there isn't like a sounds like or a sound sound X where they have been, you know, they may be changed one letter in the word. So you might not get that that person in your list that they're already listed. Right. So yeah, go ahead, Steven. Funny point about that. So they just changed how we submit information or at least we've been going for the beta of how we add new profiles. And if something sounds very similar to a profile that's already on Wikitree, it will it should provide those suggestions for you to go through so that you don't end up creating a duplicate profile. I think they've gotten a lot better about that in the last couple of months with this new way of submitting new profiles. But previously it wasn't automatically as you were entering information step by step, you basically added the information and hit the submit. And then if something came up afterwards, you know, you had to determine if it was a duplicate, you know, or it was hidden. It wasn't it wasn't as in your face as it is now. So I don't know if that's going to be beneficial for it. You know, you filing new profiles here. But I believe that feature is in place. So there's at least some semblance of that in place. Yeah, yeah. So so that it captures individuals with close names.  But but it's still it's better than nothing.  If you find profiles or duplicates, you merge them. And then the lowest number becomes the primary number. Even if it's the worst, oh, even if it's the worst profile, because I tell you, there are some pretty bad ones out there. It's probably a GEDCOM profile. You have the opportunity to compare. It's just a matter of of prioritizing the the number, the idea of the rich, the earlier profile. Yeah, well, if the the earlier misspelled profile, because that's the other issue, right?  So which which is correct? That's what the research notes are for. That's where you have to determine is this actually the correct name? You know, do I have the source that supports this information? So so that your research notes section would be very beneficial to anybody working on that person.  Like her middle name was Catherine, and she'd spell it. You know, it was Lithuanian at first, K-A-T-H-R-Y-N. And then eventually it became Catherine, you know, C-A-T-H-E-R-I-N. And then I found out her nickname, her nickname was Kiki when she was a kid, because she danced. Then it became Kit with one T. Then it became Kit with two T's. And I go, well, what happened there?  You write them all down. You just take them all. You know, I think the field would allow multiple names for her nicknames and alternative spelling of their names. Also known as. Right, right. I mean, have you seen some of these royalty people that have like 20 different names attached to them? Yeah. And so David Randall was just saying in the chat, after you merge, there will be a step in the process where you look at the information on both profiles side by side, and you decide what to keep. And ideally, if there are two active profile managers, that's a joint conversation that's had. And so the resulting one profile should have the best of both. But it should be the lower number. So regardless of what information is on them, we want to go to the lower number. So is there a court of evaluation if you have two people and they don't agree on what should go in there? Because I know I've heard about those kinds of problems on family search. Not that they have any kind of reconciliation process. You have one person that changes it to one thing, another person that changes it to another. And it's hard to come to an agreement. That would be within problems with members. Yeah, there's conflict help there. There's certainly all just linked to the page here. OK, I have it up right now. I was doing a screen share again, but I can. There's so many resources, it's actually overwhelming. Yeah, you have to just those pull down menus. I shied away from them for a long time. And then I realized, oh, there's a lot of really good stuff there.  Yeah, it takes time to go through all of them, too, because you just kind of stumble on them and go, you know, you're reading something, you go, oh, OK, I can do that. Yeah, like putting a date and your signature in the research notes. So you just put four little, one of those little. Tildes. Yeah, yeah, whatever. I don't know. That's what I would say. I learned that today. It's like, oh, cool. I had to go back to like one of my profiles. That would be the button above the tab on your computer. So right next to the number one. Yeah, there is your tilde. Yeah, just for those will allow you to do a signature. Right. Yeah, so I learned that today. So it's like, OK, so I got back to learning every day. You learn something. What do you mean, do a signature? Oh, well, in your research notes, if you put if you if you're if it's like you're talking, you know, in other words, you're saying something and then you want to say you want to put in there that that you know, you're that you made that remark or that discovery or whatever you want to put your name in the date in the research notes.  Time stamp. Yeah. Yeah. So what does that look like in the raw? It's on your keyboard. Next. No, no, no. If he if he put it in edit mode, what does it look like when you put it in? So here's an example. So so here's a note about a name in my family. Then in edit mode, I put four tillies, but this is what it ends up as. It gives my ID and then the the the time. Military time, UTC. I think I think she wants to see what it looks like in edit mode, though. Go to edit mode. OK. It looks beautiful, though. It's a beautiful profile. Oh, thank you. Let's see. Research. OK. Oh, well, just copy and paste it. That's because I think it's because it's already. Oh, it integrates. So I put in it just right into the text. Yeah. So so once once you save it permanently, then it goes in. But so it just looks like four little squigglies, you know, that is what it looks like right there in the chat. Thank you. That's what I was going to do, just OK. I'm slow, so I kind of need this. That is that is effectively wiki markup because I use that on other wikis back in the 2000s. But how do you use that? Do you what do you just typed four till this? You do hit after after your profile name number or what? After the information that you're trying to say, you know, in this case, the research notes. So she stated a thing and she wanted people to know that she stated it.  OK, OK. It does. It does seem a little bit magical, but it don't work. Yeah, that's what I thought. Oh, it's like magic. You don't have to type someone along the date. It does it all automatically. It's like, this is cool. So someone long time ago programmed all this stuff and that's what they decided to use. I know, I just like I just I have to give the per whoever wrote all the code for all of this is a genius. That's all I can say. I mean, I'm sure there's probably more than one person, but it's it's pretty amazing how it's got a history. It goes back. Yeah, well, we're coming up on seventy five minutes. Do any other burning questions? Linda, I could I could quickly address. You had a question about newspaper clippings and the answer. So the question was how how do you add newspaper clippings such as obituaries and reference them? And the answer is, again, because of copyright law, we cannot put up like a clipping. What we can do. Let me go back to William Stitt and I got a lot of information from his obituary. And you can see that, you know, I don't have a picture of it. But here is here's my citation, which does link to provide a link to newspapers.com to the clipping so somebody could go and look at it themselves. Thank you. Yeah, you're welcome. I can have one more question. Sure. For those of you who who actually pay for subscription services like Ancestry.com, are there one or more that you find absolutely essential? I think ancestry is is pretty essential. Yeah, I mean, if you were very active in British the United Kingdom research, then I would say find my past. But ancestors pretty comprehensive. And I just, you know, I try and get the really good rate. And then sometimes I have to go off and then I come back on when they offer me a deal again. And it's it's kind of aggravating.  But you have to call them. You have to call them and ask them for it. And you and you do find it virtually indispensable in the work that you're doing. Is that correct? Yes, I really, yes, I do. So the other one that you talked about family search, I think it was the name of it. That's entirely insufficient to do this work, correct? They they have different collections. So there are family sources, excellent. But there are some things that are not on family search that are on ancestry. So it's really nice to have access to to what what is on ancestry. Also, family search is a collaborative tree like wiki tree, but not as stringent with integrity. OK. And so, so, yeah. And family search also has centers that you can use and the products are all free there. So if you happen to be near one, I'm like 15 minutes away from one in in the Bay Area here. And it's great. And they do classes there. It's a nice quiet spot. So you can also you don't get disturbed. And you can really make progress. But I also try I've been doing this for a while and I try and concentrate on doing some stuff on ancestry. So I don't go crazy. You sort of have to find a pattern, either take one person through all the sites or stick with ancestry for a while and then switch over to another one. And so I, like she said, about dropping paid sites, I will do ancestry for a while, drop that while I'm waiting for a deal. I go do my heritage.  Hello. Um, I just have a I just have a comment to because I think some of the somebody else. Jennifer. Yes, I just want to put in my working. Can you not hear me? I can hear you. Go ahead. OK, I just want to put in my two cents worth. Um, I just don't like ancestry's way of doing business. Their lack of ethics and just I I just don't like them. So I I have tested DNA with them. But I refuse to give them any more money. So I use the library. Um, I use I'm here in Washington, D.C. Area, so I can go to the National Archives. Oh, lucky. I just find all the libraries that have access, D.A.R. And yes, you will run into records that are only available on ancestry.  And I will copy down as much information as I can. And then I'll go see if I can find it somewhere else. A lot of times I do take advantage of. Well, I think it's newspapers dot com when they'll have specials and fold three around the holidays, like Memorial Day is getting ready to come up. So they'll have a, you know, three days free.  I use family search also a lot. But I would just put in the comments to Steve that I found out the hard way about putting my trees on family search. It was just driving me bananas. And so I only have 50 to 60 people on both sites and I'm not going to add any more. I might maybe with the DNA with ancestry put a bare bones on there, but I purchased private software and I just I just cannot deal with people just adding stuff that makes no sense marrying my grandmother to her son or something. It is the Wild West. They don't have as stringent of oversight as we would make sure that data makes sense, you know, that the sources are going to the right places. And yeah, I will not pay money to ancestry. I have never paid my ancestry and I personally do not believe in pay walls because I believe this information should be freely accessible to everyone. That is my two cents on the matter. And I will promote Wicked Tree every day as the free family tree for those reasons. We will never withhold any information from anybody. So I understand it's frustrating to want to upload it again to another site. But knowing that this one, you know, being that we are pushing the single family tree, you know, in this case, is the world tree, right? We're all connected to it one way or another. They don't really emphasize that on the other sites, you know, and again, their for profit, you know, they're in it to make money. They it's a different protocol. It's it's a different approach and we're just not like that. And that's why we're all volunteers here. You know, we just all want to help each other, really, because we have more of a community, I think, than they do over at the other sites.  And I said, well, maybe I will, but I will be charging people the membership fee, you know, what there's lots of professional genealogists that probably don't have to deal with the paywalls, they go to the sources themselves. Ancestry has just found a way to gather all these collections and lock them up behind key of and and that's very unfortunate. I like I said, I've been at the archives recently and I go to the Innovation Hub. I don't know if you all are familiar with that and they, you know, because of covid, they only, you know, every other desk is available for scanning and that I noticed there was, you know, a scanner sitting over in the corner, it looked perfectly good to me. And she said, oh, that's ancestry's desk. And she said, you know, there was no one there at the time. But she said, oh, yeah, they're working on a war of 1812 project or something. I don't know.  So they're so happy that ancestry is coming in and scanning these records.  And yeah, it's incredibly frustrating. And, you know, I am the kind of person who, again, will promote the free access stuff. So I just recommended Chronicling America, which is Library Congress. Yes, yes, you know, those newspapers are not copy written because they're all before 1923 or 1925 now, wherever the cutoff is. Any any government document, a US census should not be copyrighted at all. Now, again, with contract law, that's what ancestry does. They say that if it's on our website, you know, we have the rights to distribute it and everything, but they don't actually own the US census. They just wish, you know, withhold the information. But again, family search exists, it's there. You can access it for family search, for the most part. And if not, there's other sites. So there was a gentleman, yes, I know, I do the same. There was a gentleman, I think, earlier that said something about he couldn't find the death certificate for a grandfather or something. I thought I heard that and I kind of had the same issue. A great grandfather. I had family stories that he was killed on the job, fell off a truck. Um, he was a city employee. So I'm thinking, oh, it's got to be written up in the newspaper or something. And I had a general date of death. But and so I went to the Library of Congress one day. Newspaper division, Cronin King, and I told the library and I said, I have his name, where he lived, general date of death. And his name was a fairly common name, John Rhodes. And she showed me how to do a search. So when I did my search, what I thought that she told me, I got 18,000 hits. Oh, this is great. What am I going to do with 18,000 hits? So she came over and I swear to God, she. Was there for like a minute, type something in. Drilled it down to four entries. Each one of those entries was my great grandfather. And it was the death notice that was put in the newspaper.  The funeral home ran the death notice for four days. And I and it was slightly different each time they ran it. I got the hospital. I got the name of the lodge that helped, you know, did a service for him. I got the church. I got the date of death, the date of burial, the date of the funeral all from the newspaper. So I was just going to suggest to that gentleman, try searching a newspaper if you, you know, have that information. Well, it's great that you found that information that way. Yeah. Well, thank you, everyone, for being with us tonight. This was this was a really invigorating and I hope I hope helpful discussion. And we love answering your questions and helping you feel more confident on wiki tree. I'm always here to help. So you can put something on the free space page. I'll get it. Or you can send me a personal message at my my ID in the chat. I can find the chat. Here we go. Code 31. There we go. You have an easy one to remember. I know. And I'll get back to you. Promise. Thank you. Thank you. You're coming. Bye, everybody. Bye.