And now, for your Strong Europe spotlight. Active, guard, reserves, city and uniform, everybody that is part of Strong Europe. Army Europe Commander Lieutenant General Ben Hodges recently hosted the Semi-Innual Commanders Conference in Wiesbaden, Germany. The event allowed senior leaders from across the U.S. to discuss readiness, enabling cooperation and other key topics. The theme of the conference was Strong Europe Beyond Warsaw, an increasing readiness, leader development and enhancing the alliance. General Curtis Scaparotti, Supreme Allied Commander in Europe, discussed USER's importance to the NATO alliance. We are shifting from assurance to deterrence. And USER has been, as I said, integral to that and in many ways has led the way in that change. In the close relationships they have in training our partners, training with our partners, developing interoperability, they're leading the way here in the change we have in Europe. For more information on the Army in Europe, visit er.army.mil.


heir house was basically a jungle of spider plants from the basement all the way up to the attic which we don't even use the attic but they even had some up there it was bad and because their house was basically a jungle of spider plants maybe it was a jungle of weed I understand what they're doing but it was a jungle of spider plants and they couldn't see the walls you couldn't see anything little do they know when you keep a house at super high humidities with plants everywhere literally everywhere top to bottom can't see the walls guess what's happening on all of the walls and the floor and the baseboard mold is growing because you're growing a forest in your house and the forest aren't meant to be grown inside a house so we already had to get this place professionally demolded when we moved in it was just it was dumb the people who lived here were just dumb so that sucked because at the time my fiance was pregnant we were hoping to move in in June of gosh 2017 I want to say no I know 2016 2016 we wanted to move in in June of 2016 and my fiance sitting here eight months seven months pregnant or whatever it was you know and we don't have a place to live because you know our lease was up at apartment and we had all of our stuff we pulled into the driveway they just moved their stuff out we walked into the house and I immediately pushed Yulia out of the house and said do not enter this house right now because it was everywhere black will it was everywhere and she's pregnant I'm like you're not fucking walking into this house right now holy shit last thing is you and the baby to die because the people who lived here were dumb asses so we couldn't move in for like a month and a half it was a huge process of demolding and probably and obviously since the house was all molded to shit there's also hey everything needs to be done so we had to get all the vents taken care of we had to we had to get all of the tubs and everything else taken care like it was it was a it was a huge process and then obviously re-sheet rocking repainting it was just a huge part so we couldn't even move in so we were stuck so then we're stuck we're stuck sleeping on couches at her parents house here she is you know eight months pregnant seven months pregnant and she got to sleep on a fucking couch I was so pissed because then the first thing I was doing when we were moving in that day as I was gonna set up our bedroom so Yulia could lay on lay on the bed and then I was gonna get to the kids room so you know they have a place to sleep and then you know you don't move in in places like right you prioritize what you're setting up you know when you're right and that's why it's time to move in let's get in let's prioritize getting the beds up for everybody and then we'll slowly work on the rest of the house over the next you know month or two but like it was bad it was bad and Yulia stubborn as hell so she wanted the paint and and we're like trying to tell her hey you're not supposed to be painting the doctor said don't paint and she's in there trying to help paint and I'm like stop it you want to do anything maybe you can you know scrub down the kitchen I guess but don't touch anything that's mold and I just because you know she doesn't want to feel useless which I don't blame her because she knows how much work it was to get the house ready I mean Eric and I spent weeks at this damn house trying to get it ready after the the professional demolders came in and that's whatever but the place isn't a lot better shame now still needs work we still need to replace all the siding on the house we tear down the deck and rebuild it because that's all that's all gone to shit we need to get the electrical all redone as well so it's a fixer upper but it's all good we know what we're doing there we do have one spot of black mold in the house right now from the water heater we do have one for sure once everything has been it's in it's in the it's in the laundry utility room we do it we do have some black mold growth that I but it's in a spot I can take care of it I don't need the professionals to come in I'm basically gonna bleach the howl out of it and then I believe that wall is not a weight bearing wall so I might just be cutting out the wood entirely that's all that's all messed up and then just just you know patch it in and replace it because I think when I looked at that at the wall that it's on it's not a weight it's not weight bearing it's not a weight bearing wall then absolutely you can you can basically tear tear the whole fucking thing down and replace it and that's probably when I'm probably gonna have cutting the wood out but yeah we have kills we have kills yes you guys know what I'm an adult I know what's up we have kills we have kills paint we're all good but yeah it's just something to it's on it like there's no sheetrock there it's the backside of the wall to the to the the back room here that has all the prime gaming stuff on it does have some growth but my concern my concern of course as if there's growth there is their growth everywhere that I can't see and that's the concern right now and that's why we're having a professional company come in you know once you see growth one spot you start to worry if it's everywhere we could get lucky and it's just there and okay but yeah it's the stuff I can't see now I will say this I don't smell it when I'm down here there's you know like sometimes you can walk into a basement it's kind of musty that's mold you could smell the mold in a lot of basements I don't smell it but we do keep it really well ventilated down here one reason it's because the windows broken in my office so there's there's always like an open window in here plus a fan blowing plus the dehumidifiers so like we have some pretty decent airflow down here so it's also not going to be as musty as a completely closed off basement can smell but um yeah well I'm gonna make sure and I'm gonna cry if they tell me everything has to go problem for yeah but yeah having some airflow it's not the greatest ventilation we only have two windows in the basement both of them are in my studio so if nothing else my studio might be fine because it's got airflow that room behind me doesn't have it doesn't have any windows or any airflow nor does the laundry room the laundry room is the worst though which is why I'm hoping that the mold growth because I don't see the mold growth along the back wall here so there's there's no sheetrock in the laundry room so slash utility room so I see the mold growth over on this wall this wall going this way is a weight bearing wall because it goes right down the center of the house and so I can't cut out the wood on that at least I can't without putting in an extra support right you can cut it out you have to put in those metal support beams and then then replace stuff so they have ways to patch up weight bearing walls but it's just beyond my skills but I there's no mold growth right now along the bottom of that wall where it was sitting in water so for right now there's no mold there but we'll see what happens in a month you know it's one of those hands just see what happens but I think if that wall doesn't have any then we should be good because one thing is nice is my basement so uneven so like this wall over here in my studio didn't have any water touching it because the basement kind of slants a little bit yeah I know I don't want to know who did the foundation in this basement they were dumbasses but anyways the big kind of slants so in this case even though we had two to three inches of water it wasn't actually touching this wall over here so this wall is probably fine even if it wasn't it's just a wood frame in front of cement I mean if we're completely honest I can literally just rip out the wall it's just a wood frame in front of cement it's nothing it's not that big of a deal so these are cement wall instead like whatever but yeah I don't know lots of work to do around the house yeah well yeah I mean even with the two windows in here that I have open even though it's summer and I gotta be a little careful on them on the humid days I try to block off the windows because the humidity is not gonna help with mold but today is not too humid so I got the window open today anyways we got some pretty decent airflow and fans going and I think everything's gonna be I think we might have escaped with you know when the water damage is less than 24 hours usually you can you can get pretty lucky it usually takes a bit longer for the mold growth to start the mold growth back here I'm not as worried about even though I knew about it because I think there was already a small spot of mold growing there so obviously once there was already mold there add in more water the mold's gonna spread so that was that's my bad I should have took care of that like a month ago I saw it and I just one of those hey I'm doing something else right now so I'm kind of ignore it even though it's mold and you shouldn't ignore it but obviously it that's that's increased in growth so yeah okay so so so you might you might go eat up oh that's not a dumbass a lot of basements are off kilter for a floor drain our floor drain is raised higher than the rest of the floor so water goes away from the drain and then in other parts of the floor there's like dips like dips they're not huge but there's dips so it'll pool like four inches there but then be like one inch like three feet away from it it's it's a weird the floor drain technically works yeah this do this floor down here is all got to remember what we got to remember this house is this house has existed since like 1940 so it's it's getting up to you know approaching a hundred years old so back then you know they clearly just didn't give a fuck I don't know what else to say they just didn't give a fuck yeah the drain supposed to be that that's the whole point of the drain right that's the point of the drain it's supposed to be at the lowest point in the basement so even if something happens a pipe burst whatever your entire basement can't get flooded because the drain will take away you know you can get clogged sure but it it will it's supposed to help you with that situation supposed to help you if you know your washing machine goes nuts or you know this exact situation is what the drain is for the drain exists for this situation to prevent exactly what happened from happening like that's the whole point of the floor drains and basements are to prevent this and like you know what are you gonna do the floor drain works I can dump water down it's fine that's not the problem floor drains fine pretty old old house is usually straight yeah yeah well I'll say this therapy when five years ago we had the foundation examined and apparently the foundation is great it's super thick and like it's thicker than modern home so our foundation is really good so it's one of those that we there's some debates we've had like if in in about five years or so that we might tear down the entire house down to the studs and basically just rebuild the home and we might even be able to go a story higher because the foundation is so strong that it can handle an additional story so we might even get to add an extra story to the house but again we're talking that's like the five ten-year plan and the thing more so when we're getting to the point that our kids are gonna be mostly moving out of the house that's when we're gonna get to that let's actually build this house the way that we really want it to be kind of situation but we'll see we have to get permits and make sure it's gotta get all cleared and everything all right well thank you guys for tuning in that's gonna do it I got other videos to make other things to do I gotta go make lunch for the kids you guys are awesome thank you for tuning into this Mario plus Ravus Parks I hope stuff and we'll catch you later


We're talking about Vesicans here this morning, and by the way, I'm a dermatologist. Vesicans are agents that blister the skin. That's just a fancy name for blistering agents. This is for a med center in school and to keep everything up and above board. You will know for these agents at the end, most of this, no one knows all of this because all the answers aren't in on all of this. I'd like to tell you right up front that you know how involved the treatment of nerve agents are and everything. I want you to relax because you already know almost everything about rendering the care to a mustard casualty because there is no magic bullet for mustard. It's all supportive. It's all the good medical practice that you already know, okay? So all you got to do is listen, learn the specific things here, and you already know how to take care of mustard casualties. Mustard, sulfur mustard is the biggie.  And when I get done, you'll understand why and also why this old, old agent is still one of the top two concerns on the modern chemical battlefield. Nitrogen mustard, while very similar, has some significant differences that never has been, to my knowledge, really weaponized. Some of its forms are solid, some of its forms are explosive, some of its forms will eat through the shell. So it's never been really used, to my knowledge, as a chemical warfare agent. I would tell you, as a dermatologist, I have used it in modern days on patients as a topical medicine for a skiffin lymphoma called mycosis fungoides, and it's still used to this day. It was our first chemotherapeutic agent back in the 1930s, nitrogen mustard. Lewisite is very similar to mustard with some significant differences, and I'll teach you about those. The name Lewisite comes from Captain Lewis, a U.S. Captain Lewis who invented this stuff back in the World War I timeframe. It's my greatest aspiration to have a chemical warfare agent named after me. Just kidding. Phosgene oxene is made from Phosgene. We don't have another one with Phosgene in the name just to confuse you. I figured they did that when I took this course. But it's made from Phosgene, hence the name Phosgene oxene. And I'll spend just a little bit of time at the end telling you about that because it is important for one or two very specific reasons. So, for mustard, first synthesized back in 1822. And then we kind of forgot about it, and then it was rediscovered in the mid-1800s, way back in the 1800s. Its first battlefield use was in your pre-Belgium, 1917 July, right the last year of the war, okay? This is a breakdown of the casualties of World War I. There were roughly a million chemical casualties in World War I. 30% of all casualties in World War I were chemical casualties. But I'll show you this slide for a very specific reason. You've already been told that in World War I, less than 5% of the casualties were fatal, okay? And this is the breakdown. Now, if you look at the top three, they were under 5%. You look at the U.S., and we were at 2%. You look at Russia, they were almost 12%. We came into the war late. We had the benefit of lessons learned. We also had the benefit of some of our allies' equipment. Our first masks were not up to snuff. So we borrowed French masks initially, who had more experience because they'd been in it since 1914. So we were better prepared and better equipped because of lesson learned and because of better preparation and better equipment, our fatality rate was half of the rest of them. Russia, by comparison, you remember those masks that Dr. Seidel showed?  You remember those really funny looking, they're all funny looking, but the really goofy ones that the, that was their mask early on. The Russians had little or no protection at times. Their equipment was inferior. Their training was inferior and had a 12% mortality rate. I recently added this one in because I'm trying to make a point about education and training, what a difference it makes and preparation. These are the Kurds. Saddam Hussein gassed about 5,000 innocent people that were totally unprotected. And it wasn't a 100% mortality rate, but it was close to it. So what a difference protection, education and training make. Dr. Seidel deliberately preempted me with this slide yesterday, but a reminder that even though mustard came into the war, the last year of the entire war, it accounted for 70% of all the chemical casualties. And it's already been made, the point been made that the lethality is low. It's less than 5%, but it causes long convalescence. It really screws up the medical scenario. As a dermatologist, we very often look, but we don't see. How many will say you've looked right at something and was right there playing as a nose on your face and you didn't see it? In times past, I have been guilty of going around the house looking for my glasses and I had them on. I remember my grandfather, bless his soul, on occasion would go around the house looking for his pipe. And you know where his pipe was? He was making. So how many people have done things like that? I hope most of you. I hope I'm not unique, okay? And you know that most of these, I'll tell you and show you the percentages of the eye injuries, but you know, most of these were in the 75% category, had a mild injury that self healed in two weeks, but they were still taken out of action. They were a problem to the fighting effort, okay? You heard that even though there was no actual battlefield usage of chemical agents in World War II, there was the Barry Harbor accident. And I don't think I heard Dr. Seidel actually mention there were 600 US casualties and a little over 80 fatalities in that accident. We have no idea how many civilian casualties and fatalities. After World War I, you know, there have been chemical battlefield uses. We know the Italians used mustard against the Ethiopians. We think we're almost certain the Japanese used suicide against the Chinese leading up the World War II. We certainly know the Rockies used against the Iranians and the Kurds, and it's alleged that Egypt used it in Yemen. Now, mustard has lots of names and symbols. Most of them have H in it, okay? So anytime this course you see H, it stands for mustard, not Hearst, okay? I don't want anybody going around saying Hearstite or site or whatever. Here's one called HL and it's a mustard-luisite mixture. There's a very specific reason for that and I'm gonna tell you about that a little later. These, by the way, were called Levin's Tubes.  You saw gas tanks yesterday. You see this structure, this is mustard. Most of these chemical agents have very simple structure. Some of them are as simple as water, like fozzy, you know, it's a very small molecule. And the only ones that are complicated, more so are the nerve agent ones. This substance down here is thiodiglycol. And you see the only difference is between thiodiglycol and mustard or the chlorines on the end. Well, thiodiglycol is one of the major urinary metabolites when it's gone through a person or an animal. It also is the number one precursor to making mustard in the most simple process of manufacturing and I know. If you have thiodiglycol, which, by the way, is a commercial product, use in making printer's ink and any number of things, all you gotta do is take thiodiglycol, throw HCl into it, hydrochloric acid, and voila, it makes sulfur mustard.   Take my word for it, not me, not me. Guess who was buying up all the thiodiglycol he could lay his hands on? Sodom. Guess where he was buying it from? One of the places. Guess where else he was buying it from? U.S. Now guess what the closest city was? One of the closest cities he was buying it from? Baltimore. Guess where there's some God people from that are serving time now? They were using intermediate areas. They weren't buying it directly, I don't think, but they still were breaking the law. Mustard is an oily, thick substance, and at times I have seen it in bulk containers. It looks just like dirty motor oil. It looks like my motor oil whenever I change it. Grungy, dirty motor oil. Heavier than air, heavier than water. Because it's oily, it has low volatility and it's quite persistent. Now here's a ringer. Look at the temperature. Depending on the manufacturing process, mustard freezes around 57, 58 degrees Fahrenheit. When I was in the Gulf War and the ground war kicked off, the temperatures were below that even in the daytime, so Saddam Hussein had thrown pure mustard at us. There'd been little ice cubes lying on the ground we could have laughed at. So this is a significant factor, but there are ways around that. There's more than one way around it, but I'm gonna tell you the biggest way around it shortly. The M8 test paper, okay, turns three colors. You can't read the writing, but the G agents turn kind of orangeish-yellow. H turns red and V agents turn a dark color, black, dark green, brown. You need to know that. The M9 tape is all or nothing. It turns red if it's exposed to nerve agents or Vescans. The M256 kit, which by the way is quite good. It detects vapors for these detect liquids. It's quite good, it takes about 20 minutes to go through it. It detects the Vescans, it detects cyanide, and it detects the nerve agents, the vapors. You need to know that. The cam down here is nerve agents and Vescans, mustard. It also will pick up lewisite, but it'll read it out as mustard, okay? Repeat that, I couldn't repeat that twice if I had. You know what? I'm gonna review you again and I'll repeat it. It's in your little handbook. You really want me to go through that again? Well, I asked for questions, didn't I? This is representative of the M9 paper and it turns three different colors, okay? And you need to go back and look in the little book. You should try and commit this to memory on the fly. The M8, yeah. It'll turn an orangish yellow or something for the G agents. It'll turn red for the Vescans and it turns a very dark color for the V agents. The M9 tape, you know, which is what people have on their arms and their legs, so you can, holy cow, it's turning colors. I better do something. It's all or nothing phenomenon. It turns red if you've been exposed to liquid. These are for liquids. The M256 kit is for vapors. It's a little kit. You're gonna fold this out and strike this and that. And you'll get to do this in the FTX. It takes about 20 minutes, but it detects Vescans, cyanide, and nerve agents, okay, vapors. The CAM, you'll see, you'll get a handle of this and look at it. You won't be made proficient with it in this course, but it detects nerve agents and Vescans. And remember, on the modern battlefield, the biggies, you're gonna hear about them the whole ball of wax in this course, but the biggies we're concerned about on the modern battlefield are nerve agents and Vescans and primarily sulfur mustard, okay? Mustard, when it gets on epithelial surfaces like the skin, it takes about two minutes for it to start doing its damage.  The problem with mustard is, it doesn't hurt you or anything. It could feel just like you got a little water on you or something, so it's a sneaky peat. It has a latent effect that I'm gonna tell you about. 80% of the liquid that gets on the skin evaporates. It goes into the air, it doesn't even damage. It's only the remaining 20% that does its harm. Now, they argue about how much does the local damage, but sometimes as little as 10% of that remaining 80% does the damage on the skin, the rest of it gets absorbed and goes systemic. You don't have to, this is what you need to know.  The molecule I showed you of mustard is not the active molecule. When mustard comes into contact with water, it cycleizes into a closed little intermediary. That's the one that does the real damage. And it acts like grease lightning once it goes into that circular ion. Mustard, and I haven't said it yet, is an alkylating agent, just like nitrogen mustard, just like cytoxin, some of the other things. What alkylating agents do is they take carbon, carbon bonds, and rearrange them. So you can imagine that if the carbon, carbon bonds in your DNA have been rearranged, it's not too healthy. Likewise, it can affect the bonding and the carbon, carbon bonds in your cell proteins, your membranes. Mustard attacks just about everything it comes in contact with. But we know from studies that your cell proteins and especially the DNA in actively dividing cells are the most sensitive targets for mustard. And that tells us a lot about the mechanism of action of mustard. Thus, when your DNA in your cells has been rearranged on your epithelial surfaces, it can lead to cell death or mutation of the cells. Vapor, by and large, of mustard or liquid is an epithelial phenomenon. The number one sensitive area is the surface of the eye, the cornea, followed by the airways, the tracheal, the bronchial epithelium, and the skin. But if you look at these starting points, they're not that far apart, okay? But your eye is the most sensitive, followed by the airways and then the skin.  You learned about LD50s and CT50s yesterday, right? Everybody got that concept straight? Let me give you a hypothetical situation. I think you also learned yesterday that mustard is actually twice as toxic, twice as poisonous per weight as cyanide, which is a very dramatic agent because it acts so rapidly. If you took a meter cubed or if you took this room and you had a big enough puddle of mustard in here, liquid, and allowed it to equilibrate so that the room had vapor saturation, vapor saturation, depending on what studies you read, is around 600 milligrams. So you stick your head in a meter cubed closed area with enough liquid to come the equilibration saturate, and it only takes how long if that vapor has 600 milligrams in it for you to breathe in an LD50 unprotected by a mask. Takes less than three minutes for you to breathe in a poisonous, lethal amount of mustard in a totally saturated atmosphere if you have no protection.  These are all things so you know you have comparisons to trying and grasp somewhat intangible concepts.  Let me remind you that a microgram is a thousand of a milligram. Milligrams are pretty small to me already, but only 10,000 of a milligram of liquid mustard can at least raise a poison ivy-type blister on the skin. An LD50 of liquid mustard on the skin is around seven grams in your classic, swelled 70 kilogram male, you know, something like me. Well, he knows I'm lying. I want these cameras when you edit this, I want you to take 20 pounds off of me. You got that? Anyway, seven grams of mustard is a liquid LD50. Now a teaspoon is like five CCs. You know, a gram is equal roughly to a CC. So a teaspoon to a teaspoon and a half of mustard is an LD50, okay? As a dermatologist, I would tell you that if you had suntan lotion or oil and you took a teaspoon, a teaspoon and a half, you could cover one whole arm and your shoulder front and back and that's about 20% of your body surface area. So if a patient comes in with 50% liquid burns by mustard, 50%. How many LD50s have they gotten? You're right, you guys are sharp.  I just told you 20%. They've gotten two and a half LD50s. How do you triage a person with 50% liquid mustard body burns? You got it. If somebody comes in with 90% of their body burns, and I'm gonna show you a picture of it, I hold your breath when I do later on. If somebody comes in with a darn near 90% body burns, how many LD50s have they almost gotten? They've gotten four and a half close to five LD50s. They're gonna be triage expectant likewise.  They have the most sensitive DNA and it's eyes, airways and skin. But it does go systemic sometimes if you get enough of it. Well it goes systemic all the time, but it depends on how much have you got whether you have a systemic effect. But where do you have rapidly dividing cells internally? The bone marrow, the GI tract, CNS is not rapidly dividing, but we'll talk about CNS later on and of course in lymphoid tissue. But your systemic effects that you're gonna see most readily are gonna be bone marrow and GI if you get them. Hand blisters, this is a moderate to severe conjunctivitis with mustard. I'll show you larger pictures of this later on. These are bronchi. This is supposed to be smooth and round.  You see the pseudo membranes. This is lung tissue that's messed up. This is a larynx tongue. I think you might have seen, I don't know if you've seen this one yet or not. But this is a crispy critter larynx. This is what a non-survivable dose of mustard in the pulmonary tract will do to you. It's just fried, okay? This probably doesn't show quite as well with the lighting, but this is the trachea and these are the bronchi. You see the ratty chunks here. You see, this should be smooth, contour, like a nice pipe. There's a big chunk here, how ratty it is. This is looking down on a bronchoscope. This is down the trachea and these are the two bronchi. Well, you can barely see in the opening. They're plugged up with the pseudo membranes. In World One, some soldiers died from the mechanical obstruction of the sloughing of the epithelium. That's what the pseudo membranes are. It's a physical, mechanical obstruction.   I showed you that smaller before. Now, this is a slide I showed to make a point. Depending on what you read, the eyes, the lungs, and the skin, they all come in close, 85, 90, 75. It's all about the same to me. They all got affected in the burn when you got burned. So we expect the eyes, we expect the lungs, and the skin also comes in 75, 80%. But look what the top area was that got burned. And the men are already complaining up here. This goes to show men are dumber than, I mean, look down here, the hands and feet, you'd almost expect it to be reversed, wouldn't you? Why do you think this is? Were they all sitting around in puddles of mustard in their shorts or what? Collected in trenches. What kind of mop suits did they have in World One? None. None. They had uniforms. They had masks, but mostly they were just wearing uniforms in World War One. Now as a dermatologist, I would tell you that delicate, sensitive skin is most susceptible to medicines, drugs, or toxic agents. Warm, moist skin is most susceptible, more susceptible. And also, occluded skin, okay? So where do you have delicate skin that's occluded, warm, and moist? And then with vapor mustard going right through the uniforms and then kind of being held there, was a real setup for getting the growing burns, okay? I've told you, you got that it interacts in one to two minutes.  They used to do this down in Alabama, Aniston at the Kim School, the non-medicals course in the old days when I would have been a young fellow. They used to put a drop, a mustard, a dilute drop on each forearm. They would allow them to decon one side in two minutes or less, and they didn't get a decon the other side. Guess which side always got the blister and a teensy little scar and which side never got anything? Well, the side you decon, clean his whistle, side I didn't decon got the blister. Mustard's onset of effects, you know, it's a latent period, it's been called radiomimetic. It's just like radiation effects, it's like some other chemotherapeutic agents. It's like ultraviolet light from the sun. You don't know, you don't feel anything, you don't know you're being harmed at first because of its delayed effects. So the onset is usually delayed from anywhere from two hours to two days. The average is about four to eight hours. Now, this probably isn't projecting well, but his chest is a little red. Mustard starts out and the erythema, the redness shows up first.   There is the possibility with liquid mustard if you get a large amount on you and it doesn't get decon, you can skip all this. You can go straight to a third degree burn with a black eschar. It has happened, okay. This is the famous person you might have heard about yesterday who was working at a depot site. A little eyelet on the back of his boot let mustard drip in. And I think they say that they calculated that was about a 20 milligram dosage of mustard that made this blister. I have seen blisters that probably looked about like this or were caused by as little as the 10 microgram dosage. But again, two minutes to get it off of you. Two hours to two days to the onset. Obviously, if it takes two days for the symptoms to show up, you've got a pussy cat of an injury versus two hours. Two hours, you're in trouble, okay. Especially if it's a large area. Average four to eight hours. Just a blow up of a blistered hand with mustard that you've seen in the smaller picture earlier. Little bitty blisters all over. A couple big bull eye have formed from the coalescence. By the way, there is no mustard in these blisters. Hospital personnel medics are absolutely not gonna be harmed by the blister fluid. There is no mustard in these blisters. And this is an Iranian casually who has darn near 90, 95% mustard burns. You can see the giant bull eye, he is red, red red all over and he was a non-survivor. The eye injury, the mild conjunctivitis. There's an intermediate which is more severe, takes longer to heal with edema and even roughing of the cornea, swelling and a blephar spasm. And then there's a severe category that can be so bad there's even perforation of the globe and it could even qualify for legal blindness. The breakdown on this is 75% of them had the mild conjunctivitis two weeks and it could be back to duty. And they required little or no therapy. They just need a lot of TLC. The 15% intermediate took sometimes as long as two months, four to six weeks, more of a problem, but they would heal without residual. The remaining 10% were severe with residual damage and by today's standards about 0.1% of those patients would have met the criteria for legal blindness. And this is a blow up of the picture of a moderately severe mustard conjunctivitis, hemorrhage in the conjunctiva. This is a blow up of the burned up larynx tongue. The symptoms in the upper airway are gonna be hemorrhage, pain, hoarseness, strider, you can imagine. I mean, you're not gonna be feeling like singing any songs with a trachea or larynx that looks like that. Down lower you're gonna get bronchospasm caused by the inflammation, all the bronchi, and then the pseudo membranes will develop and can plug up the airways. With a massive, massive mustard exposure, you can get hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. Now pulmonary edema is not normally a feature of mustard. This is only with a very massive exposure. It is a feature of some of the other agents, but not mustard, only with a massive, massive exposure.  I mean, all of them, not just the Vescans, not just the pulmonary agents, nerve agents, all of them. It's essentially a pulmonary death. With mustard, there are three types of pulmonary deaths, okay? The first one, which is very much in the minority, okay? And with a massive exposure in the lungs.    The most common way, and what happened to about 50% of the soldiers in World War I with the pulmonary injury, they got the lung injury, they got the inflamed bronchi, trachea, you know, pseudo membranes, and then along about three to seven days. Remember this, along about three to seven days, the secondary bacterial invaders came along and they got a secondary bacterial bronchonemonia. And guess what they, you know what they didn't have in World War I, they didn't have antibiotics. That's what took out about half of the soldiers with mustard in World War I. It was a secondary bacterial bronchonemonia that usually shows up three to seven days after the insult. The last way you die a pulmonary death with mustard is that at seven to 14 days, and the slide coming up will show you this, at seven to 14 days, if you've gotten a major systemic hit, the bottom falls out of your white count. And you get septic because you can't fight infection and you get sepsis and a secondary septic type pneumonia.  And that's what I just said. Seven to 14 days, the white count drops. If it drops below 200 from experience in the Iran or Iraq war, you're very likely you're not gonna be a survivor. And then you get the secondary sepsis. In the GI tract, mustard has a cholinergic effect and is very poorly understood or not understood at all. And this is nothing like the cholinergic effect in nerve agent. But there are cholinergic symptoms, mild ones, early on within 24 hours with a significant mustard exposure that can give you bowel, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, but that's transient. And it's not the same mechanism as nerve agent. Later on, if the bottom falls out of your white count and you get marrow suppression, but also if enough went into circulation and got to the GI tract, it can take out the GI mucosal, the epithelial surfaces. So you can start vomiting up, evacuating pieces of your GI tract, the epithelial surfaces, get a hemorrhagic diarrhea, and that's the effect, systemic effect on a GI tract.  But there is a mustard effect in the CNS and it can be apathy and lethargy on the individual, or they actually can be giddy and euphoric. Why? It's not understood, but it does happen sometimes with a massive major mustard exposure. They can go straight to convulsions and die, okay? But this is not the progression like a nerve agent, and this is with a very large exposure, okay? And it's the minority, but it has been seen. I've told you that mustard has been called radiomimetic because it has a primary effect at the DNA, the DNA of your rapidly dividing epithelial cells, your bone marrow, your GI tract, okay? When the symptoms come on within four hours, you got a severe injury, okay? And it's really severe if it's covering, it involves your lungs or a large surface area on the body. If the airways, the symptoms are coming on within six hours, it's often fatal, okay? Now in the differential of these blistering agents, a couple of cases come in and they're not in any real distress.  We had a case like this in the Gulf War, but it was a young trooper who was exploring the old Iran-Iraq bunker where mustard had been stored but had been taken out. He brushed up against the sides and he started with some burning and stinging about 12 hours out and within about 24 hours.  And that was probably mustard. We couldn't prove it, we tried, but little isolated cases, no attack known or anything. You gotta think just the garden variety stuff. You start getting a number of cases in. If there's a lightened effect, it's mustard. If it's an immediate effect, it's lewisite or phosgene, oxyne. The lab, all your findings are nonspecific. You already know all this. You get an pneumonia, you get fever spikes. You're getting spikes for your WBCs, it can mean infection. Chest X-ray, if you got infiltrates starting to show up, it probably means pneumonia. You do as you would with a normal pneumonia. You look for a change in the sputum, you look for purulent sputum, and you do graham stains. If you get positive graham stains or cultures, then you initiate appropriate antibiotics. Prophylactic antibiotics only will select out a bad bug that will cause you more troubles. You gotta wait until the actor shows up and use the appropriate specific antibiotic. We did not have urinary thymodic glycol capabilities in country during the Gulf War. Anything we try to do had to be shipped back here. You now will have that capability in any future actions. There is a lab called the TAML, Theater Area Medical Lab, which will deploy to a situation like that. So you will have sophisticated laboratory capabilities available to you in theater in the next time this happens. As an aside, I would tell you that before Saddam signed his last agreement, this laboratory was getting ready to deploy. Anybody want to argue with me that an ounce of prevention's worth a pound of cure? I've convinced you, okay.  Physical removal is everything in all this.  Physical removal is what really counts here because no matter what the active ingredient is in these things, they don't kill the agent as fast as I want it killed. The very best thing to decon with would be to jump in a shower and just shower yourself clean. Matter of fact, if I had that option, I'd get in it and they'd have to pull me out of it. So remember, it's physical removal. Don't get hung up on what you're using.  That's sad, and we say this, late decon protects the medical personnel in the facility. That doesn't mean that a casualty couldn't have gotten agent off the mop suit that was lying here and needs some immediate decon. Or it doesn't mean that they didn't have such a large amount that some could still be lying there even though they got to you half an hour later. So when possible with these liquid agents, you always decontaminate at the earliest possible time. This is all common sense for all medical folk, okay? It's just supportive. Now down here, a raw denuded area always gets some kind of secondary mild superficial infection going on. That's why with these mustard things that are raw and denuded, you would use whatever topical antibiotics you have. You know, the surgeon, the sulfamylon, the vasotracein, neosporin, whatever you got. It's appropriate right off the bat. Systemic antibiotics, IV antibiotics are held in reserve. You can get a secondary cellulitis, you know, with the redness and the infection and stuff. You can get that, and you have to watch foreign culture and if you do get it, then you use appropriate IV antibiotics. Systemic analgesics. Anybody would argue that that one case probably needed a little morphine once in a while. You use whatever analgesics are appropriate. That could be as little as an aspirin or anihistamine all the way up to morphine. It is said, and I believe it from the literature I read, that a goodly portion of the soldiers in World War I died just from lack of modern-day IV fluids and electrolyte replacements. Mustard burns are said not to have the severe fluid requirements that a thermal burn does. Those of you who know, have treated these, had know that thermal burns take massive amount of fluids. Well, mustard burns require a lot of fluids, but they're not supposed to require the massive amounts of a thermal burn, but they do require good IV fluids and electrolyte replacement. I, again, is supportive. There's two things I want to point out here. With a mustard eye injury, you want to grease the rims of the eyelid, you know, with ophthalmologic ointment, antibiotic eye ointment, Vaseline if that's all you got, but you want to keep the rims lubricated. The reason being is that conjunctivitis is going to produce pus, polys. It'll probably be sterile pus, but if the eyelid is stuck together from the edema and the swelling and held together, and that pus doesn't drain out, a sterile abscess destroys tissue.  This other point here, topical steroids in the eye, you know, this is a chemical type burn, and I've talked to lots of ophthalmologists, and every one of them have always told me they would use topical steroids in this injury. We do not have the laboratory data to prove whether this is beneficial or not, but I would like to be the call of the ophthalmologist. There are instances, obviously, if there's secondary infection, you don't want to be using a topical steroid alone. Also, if the injury is too severe, if the integrity of the globe is bleached, putting steroids in the eye and they go straight in can cause, you know, glaucoma problems, and so I would, by and large, right now, leave it up to the ophthalmologist, but it could be a very important part of their treatment. Sunglasses causes photophobia. It was the first use for photophobia or sunglasses and mustard in World War I. You can use topical anesthetics in a couple of situations. I could envision, and I sometimes address this as a pasted by, I can envision a casualty coming in, being semi-historical and a lot of pain, and you would need topical anesthetics just to get them under control so you could examine them. That's one appropriate use. Another one would be, as I said, so you or the ophthalmologist could examine them.  It hurts, doesn't it? I had one and my friend ophthalmologist says, here, let me give you some codeine or percocet or whatever it was in those days, and me being a macho man, I am. I declined, I just took my patch and went on vacation, and I suffered the next two days like you wouldn't believe because it was so painful. But I did have topical anesthetics with me, like a wise doctor who shouldn't ever treat himself. You put the drops in for five minutes, goes numb, you feel wonderful.  And guess what? In five minutes, it's right back. It doesn't, it doesn't work long enough to do squat. All everything we know, bronchodilators, the steroids here are for bronchospasm. They're not for anti-inflammatory. There's no indication that we have that it will knock out the inflammation. It's for bronchospasm. Atropine, this is not like a nerve agent. This is like a preoperative dosage, like for cramping and diarrhea, like 0.3 milligrams. That's what this would be for, for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, if you have a cholinergic or GI effects of mustard. And we've talked the fluid and electrolyte replacement. You know, we're talking a lot of World War I data in Iran or Iraq war, because we personally haven't had mustard thrown at us on a modern day battlefield, and I'm very grateful. So we're talking about historical data, animal data, et cetera. I would bet you dollars to donuts that in a modern battlefield, if we weren't overwhelmed, it wasn't a true mass casualty scenario, and you can get people back to a tertiary medical facility, these people that would have died, I bet we can save a lot of them. It would save them with transfusions, okay? We get, there's male transplants that work nowadays. We may be able to do hormonal stimulation of the bone marrow, erythropoietin, anabolic steroids. Some of these things may work, and even just reverse isolation techniques to help with the bottom falling out of the bone marrow. Is mustard a carcinogen? You bet. You know, there's been a lot of talk about Gulf War illness and what does this and that. Mustard is absolutely a carcinogen and a mutagen. There is no evidence to date of reproductive toxicity in humans. There is some animal data of reproductive toxicity, and I know there was a show on television recently about the Kurds, which I didn't see and it suggested they may be bothered by 60 minutes, but I didn't get to see that. But I'm not gonna argue the issue one way or another. Chronic exposure, does it cause cancer? And chronic exposure, absolutely. There's good, clear data, and people who have been factory workers in the manufacture of mustard who got bronchial cancers, okay? Chronic bronchitis and emphysema, we don't know, and I'll tell you why, because the best work was done by the British after World War I, and they had about 12% or so of soldiers that ended up with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, but there were smokers, the air in England at that time was very polluted from burning coal with sulfur in it, and also these soldiers had also had a chronic lung bronchial infection that had to heal without antibiotics, so they had very scarred bronchi, okay? So they did end up with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, so you can't clearly say what caused what, but I won't bet against it. Acutely, one or two exposures, there's no evidence that mustard causes cancer. Chronic eye problems, absolutely, okay?  A very, you know, low percentage. Luocyte, Captain Lewis, World War I. That was Captain from the U.S., by the way. Has never been used, except possibly, by the Japanese against China leading up the World War II. No other known use, sparse data on it. It was very similar to mustard with some significant differences. Mustard freezes 57, 58. Luocyte freezes at zero. Guess what happens when you mix mustard and luocyte together? Drops the freezing point down around zero. Where were we gonna, where did we think World War III would be fought? Europe, where it would frequently be below its temperatures. Who had, has lots and lots of mustard-luocyte mixtures. You got it, the former Soviet Union, and they still got it. Heavy in air, heavy in water, it's oily, sometimes it's persistent. Said to smell like geranium. Now, mustard stinks.  And you can smell it at very low levels if you have a good sense of smell. And luocyte said to smell like geraniums, so it's supposed to smell pleasantly. Is luocyte carcinogenic arsenic is in the molecule of luocyte. We don't know that luocyte is carcinogenic, but we know that arsenic is certainly a carcinogen. The exact mechanism of action of luocyte is unknown, but the primary, pulmonary lesion in luocyte is like that of mustard. It is necrosis to the bronchial epithelium, okay? But the exact mechanism is unknown. Eyes, airwaves, skin, just like mustard, it's primary epithelial targets. But look right here, here's a new one. Luocyte damages capillaries. I didn't say anything about capillaries with mustard. Luocyte damages capillaries and causes leakage. This is said to be a luocyte blister. That you need to remember, that is different from mustard. It damages capillaries, causes leakages, yes. I have a question. How would these be, would these be exploited and packed into munitions? Get him on the camera. Would they be sprayed and then just left in a local area? Say your question again. I said, sir, would these be packed? What kind of munitions would they be packed into? Would they be sprayed, or would they be put like in artillery shells? Yes, yes, I mean, yes. This class is starting to pick up.  This is what I like. You can deliver this stuff anyway. It can be sprayed. Most commonly, it is blown up, okay? It is either dropped out of airplanes in an explosive thing and you get an aerosol. The droplets that then can go on to vaporize, okay? That's pretty good. I like that. Luocyte causes immediate pain, okay? Mustard, you got the delayed effect. Immediate pain in five minutes, you're getting tissue necrosis, big difference, okay? Big difference. Blisters said to cause more necrosis and mustard, to the fact is we have very little experience with this because it's never been used on a modern battlefield. Very similar to mustard, okay? Except it's gonna be immediate. Same as for mustard. Aha. Remember I dwelled on the capillaries. One mechanism of action, the way Luocyte can take you out, is pulmonary edema and death. Your capillaries, you get damaged, you're getting fluids leaking into your alveoli, you get serious pulmonary edema, hemoconcentration, hypertension, and circulatory collapse and death. Just a progression, you know, the bottom falls out of your blood pressure, you're drowning in your own fluids, and it can take you out. Luocyte can do that in the lung. Aha. There is a specific antidote for Luocyte, unlike mustard, which is totally supportive. In World War I, they came up with British anti-Luocyte, Baal, or dimer caprol. Most of the time you think of, you know, British anti-Luocyte, Baal, B-A-L. Specific antidote against Luocyte. Remember I told you arsenic is in the molecule of Luocyte. Baal is a heavy metal chelator. It chelates up Luocyte and it does work. It's also used in other heavy metal poisonings, okay? It comes in all three forms, topical, ophthalmologic, and systemic. Don't even memorize this. If I ever have to use this, I'm gonna go to a little handbook and look up the mounts, but there are directions for using it. You ever heard that the treatment as bad as the cure? Well, there are side effects to Baal. They're not showstoppers, but it's kind of stuff if you didn't have to take it, you'd rather not. Phosgene oxyme. I thought when I took this course a hundred years ago, it wasn't bad enough. There were so many names and symbols, they had to go have one called Phosgene and one called Phosgene oxyme. Well, Phosgene oxyme is made from Phosgene. That's why you get the name. And CX, not CG. It is not a blistering agent. It is a very corrosive substance. It's said to be an erdicant.  Very little amount about it. Here's why we stay concerned about it. They got it stockpiled, okay? The former Soviet Union. And they still got it. It's a very corrosive substance. While Phosgene is only a lung amp agent has no effects on the skin, Phosgene oxyme is a corrosive epithelial agent. But obviously, if you get this in the lungs, it also is a pulmonary agent. Management, there's no magic bullet. It's everything you know, just like mustard. Totally supportive. I would tell you though, that with any liquid agents, and we're talking about Vescans now, today, but with any liquid agents, what's the number one thing you do if you can? Decontamination, okay? Don't forget that, you'll see it again. This is a mini pickup truck from Saudi, okay?  And the question is, this is your test question, I promised you. How many camels can arrive in the back of a mini pickup truck? Two. One wrong answer, the answer was two. If you just kept going up, you'd eventually hit it, right? There's three, okay, three back there. One's facing out this way, one's facing right at me, and no one's facing out that way. And I never cease to be amazed in Saudi. This is not even a long bed mini, this is one little mini, and there's three big camels sitting in the back of that truck, happy as larks, and you saw it, I mean, you can ask anybody else there, if they saw this too. And I guess this just goes to show that camels are very right, a mile and a walk a mile. That's it. Questions? Sir, could you mention anything about the topical skin protectants that are being developed? Yes, I could. We have developed a topical skin protectant here. There's all kinds of side stories I can tell on this, but I'm already over and if you grab me at the break, I can give you a color commentary on these. But we have a skin protectant that's in advanced development and it's made from a commercial oil. We had to get the right texture and it's got these particles in it. They're actually Teflon particles and you gotta get the right mix and it protects. You can put it on your skin in closure areas and it will increase your protection on the bare skin to agents up to like four, five, six hours. And envision to be put in the closure areas, okay? Institute and currently we'll talk to this at the end of the course. We always bring them in because we'd like you to know we don't touch on all the neat things of stuff that's going on here for the future but there's lots of ideas for better protection down the line. We're also working on second generation on what is called a reactive topical skin protectant. Well, and we're trying a lot of different things but they took the regular topical skin protectant that's already in advanced development and one thing we did in World War II they were experimenting with all these topical protectants and I brought some 80 year old scientist up here who is a guy and invented this S-330 in World War II. He's still alive, PhD sharp as a tack. We took his old material S-330, put it in a new topical skin protectant and it doubled the time of the current one and it's reactive, destroyed. So they're working on, you know, that may not ever be the second generation but we got lots of good leads, okay? Yes. Do any of the agents or the other agents stay in the vesicles? No, not to my knowledge. Now the reason I made a point of bringing that out is there are crackpots around the world that publish all kinds of things and every few years somebody will come up with an article and say, aha, we found live mustard in a blister fluid that has been tested over and over again and it's not true, okay? And I'm not aware that any of the other ones would stick around. They react too fast. They're gonna damage tissue. I mean, it doesn't even make sense that they would still be there, okay? ["Live mustard in a blister fluid"]


Just finished a fantastic gym session and I thought I'll take this quick chance to invite you to go on a coaching call with me. I've already put out an invitation a couple of days ago and since then I've had about five or six coaching calls. All of them were absolutely fantastic and I'd love to get you on board as well. So if you've been interested, if you've been thinking about going on a coaching call with me or if you find my videos very enjoyable and educational for you, I highly recommend you actually go to the description below and set up a free coaching call for now and hope to see you soon.


Good morning, everyone. Happy Friday. So today is December 1st and I'm super excited. I'm going to try my best to try and vlog something every day and get a video up for you guys every week. I usually post on Mondays, so if you're looking for my vlogmas videos, try to look on Monday mornings. They will be posted on Monday mornings, but right now I am getting ready because I am going to go into my classroom today and I'm not bringing cash because obviously he's only three weeks old. I don't want him exposed to any sicknesses or anything that go on at the school, so I won't be bringing him, but I will be just going in between his feedings and my mom is going to stay and watch him. So right now I'm getting ready to go and I'm actually wearing him, so he can breathe in there, I promise you. Hey guys, so I've just done my makeup and my hair and I'm still in my jammies, Christmas jammies of course, and I'm just going to put on my favorite YouTubers while I try and figure out what I'm going to wear today. Okay guys, so I decided to wear my this mom runs on caffeine target and amazon prime shirt with a black tank top and my lululemon leggings. They're just so comfortable and I love them. This is our current closet situation. These are all our tennis shoes. These are heels. We like Converse a little too much, I think, but I don't think I'm going to wear Converse. I think I'm going to wear my target tennis because these are so cute. All right guys, I'm getting ready to leave so I just fed the baby and put him down and grandma's going to watch him, so I'll be back in three hours. Hey guys, so I'm in the car and I'm on my way to school and I wanted to do this before I forgot, but if you guys didn't notice, I have new channel art and that is courtesy of a wonderful, wonderful subscriber Natalie Ever After here on YouTube. I've actually linked her channel in the description box below. She'll be linked in all of my videos from here on out because as long as I'm using her channel art, I'm going to link her.  She made this channel art for me and I think she drew everything. That way it wouldn't be a copyright infringement, but thank you Natalie so, so much for your wonderful channel art. I love it. It's absolutely perfect. I couldn't have made it better myself. She's actually a party princess or is aspiring to be a party princess and so as you guys know, most of you that have been watching me forever, you guys know that I own a princess party company and that I dress up as princesses on the weekends and I actually probably will be doing that again in March or February when I'm back at work and bottle feeding cash because I don't want to do any parties now while I'm breastfeeding because I can only take three hours away from my baby at a time and I don't want to, you know, chance not getting back in time to feed him or, you know, it's just I don't want to really be apart from him that much. I am taking a few hours to be apart from him today, but the only reason is because I want to go see my students and he's with my mom. So if he wasn't with my mom, I would say no way, but I know she's going to take really good care of him and he basically sleeps, you know, in between feedings anyway. So I'm just taking three hours away today to go and see my kiddos and I have to grab a few things from school anyway. So I figured why not just go in for a couple hours and I really don't want to expose him to any sicknesses. So I'm not taking him with me. So I got a Grande iced skinny vanilla iced coffee with cream and I think it'll be pretty tasty. I don't know.  I really missed them. I didn't really get a vlog a lot because I was busy running around saying hi to people and he couldn't get his work finished before three o'clock and he definitely got it done. So now I had to stay. It was nice to see them. It was really like in just some of the other classrooms and just to say hi to the teachers and the kids all swarmed me and hugged me. So it makes me feel really good and really loved and it seems like they really want me back. So but I really missed my baby and I'm excited to get home to see him. Hey guys, happy December second day two of vlogmas. So this morning I am just making a little bit of breakfast. I'm having a smoothie. This is a oatmeal, blueberries, almond milk, yogurt, and some organic protein powder. And then I'm having protein pancake which is by the Kodiak brand. I got them at Costco. They're these Kodiak cakes and they're protein packed and you can get them at Target but we got ours at Costco because they had like a big bag of them. A little man is sleeping. Jake's playing video games again and little bear sleeping. Good thing because he kept me awake since 4 a.m. He like wanted his pacifier but then didn't want it so he'd spit it out but then he'd be mad that he spit it out and he'd want it back. And I attempted to put him in a pack-and-play to sleep in his docotot because we're gonna be going down to Phoenix next weekend and the bed that Scott and I sleep in is much smaller than ours so I'll show you guys what I did.  So it takes a village guys like I said before I am very thankful for my family the fact that we live with them is really helpful in this newborn time. So we're here at the parade and we're waiting for it to get started. It starts in about 10 minutes.


Today, we'll take a look at the three energy systems that exist in the body and how they relate to running. Let's take it all the way back to the very basics of movement. How do humans move? Humans move by skeletal muscle, pulling on the bones and moving us, basically. That's why my arms are moving now. This is because my biceps is contracting. It's pulling the bones, pulling the skeleton. So muscles contract and produce movement. But how do these muscles contract? What is it that fuels the movement? Well, we have three main energy systems in the body that provide energy in the form of chemical energy that can then be converted to kinetic energy, which is movement. These three systems are creatine phosphate system, also known as the phosphogen system. There's the anaerobic glycolysis system. And then there's the aerobic oxidative energy system as well. So we have three energy systems. And I'm going to just quickly touch on each one of them. Creatine phosphate is the system that we use when we're doing short sprints. So we're talking 5 seconds, 10 seconds, maybe up to 20 second sprints. So it's when you're watching the 100 meter dash or the 200 meter, the main fuel source for that duration is creatine phosphate. Of course, the actual movement in the muscle is produced by something called ATP, adenosine triphosphate, without going too deeply into the muscle biochemistry. The ATP is sort of the energy currency. But in order to produce ATP, we need fuel. And creatine phosphate is like a reservoir of phosphates, which is a high energy molecule, we could say. And it quickly replenishes the ATP stores. So the easy way to put it is, if you're just needing quick energy for like 10, 20 seconds, you have a pool of energy in the form of creatine phosphate. So that's your sprinters system. Next up in line is the anaerobic glycolysis system. This is the system that you're using all the time. I mean, we're always using all the systems to some extent. But typically, the most of the energy for races lasting between 30 seconds and up to a couple of minutes, most of the energy for those durations of work come from anaerobic breakdown of fuel. So we're talking carbohydrate in the form of glucose or glycogen. And it's sugar basically, and it's literally being broken down incompletely. So it's anaerobic, which means it's without oxygen. So it's a fairly quick way of breaking down glucose, breaking out sugar in order to extract the energy, produce ATP, and then the ATP is involved in the muscle contraction. So if we're dealing with the 400 meter sprint or the 800 meter, especially, even some of the faster ones, like 1500, 3000, even up to 5000 and up, there is some contribution of anaerobic metabolism, even in a marathon. But typically, you know, 800 meter, for example, has a lot of anaerobic contribution. And it's basically sugar being broken down quickly to produce ATP. But there's a byproduct there, which is lactic acid, which differentiates into lactate and hydrogen ions. And those hydrogen ions, they create a acidic environment in the muscle. So it's kind of like when your car is burning in complete combustion, there's a lot of smoke and soft, maybe that's what it's called. It's not a clean burning fuel. Well, it's kind of like the same thing when you're dealing with anaerobic glycolysis. It's breaking down the sugar because we need it quick. But it's also creating some byproducts and it's not 100% efficient. Our last energy system is the most important one for anyone doing long distance running, which means anything longer than two minutes in our duration. And so we're talking 1500 meters, mile, 3000 meter, 5000, 10,000, half marathon, marathon, ultra marathon. Long distance running endurance activities are mostly fueled by the aerobic system. And the aerobic system breaks down carbohydrate and fat, takes it into the mitochondria. So inside the cells, so far, the creatinine phosphate system and the anaerobic system actually breaks down the fuel inside the cell, but in the cytosol, which means just the cellular, the intracellular fluid. Whereas the aerobic metabolism takes place inside the mitochondria, which is an organelle inside the cell. So this is like a little energy factory and everything that happens in there is really efficient, okay?  As opposed to when we're doing anaerobic glycolysis, we're not getting as much ATP out of it. As I said, it's less efficient, but it is faster because aerobic metabolism requires oxygen, hence the word aerobic. So oxygen needs to come from the lungs, from pumped by the heart, out in the blood, diffuse into the muscle cells and get into the mitochondria in order to participate in the processes of oxidative breakdown of carbohydrates. In fact, in order to produce ATP and then the ATP is involved in the actual muscle contraction. So a simple way to put it, if there's enough oxygen and you have enough time to produce movement because the movement is slow, you're able to use the aerobic system. It's very efficient and you can go for very long on that system, but it needs to, it's a little slower than the other system. So if you're sprinting and your muscles are just going and you need energy now, you can't rely on the aerobic system. It's not fast enough to produce energy. There's too many steps that has to go, it has to go through in order to produce those ATP as opposed to the creatinine phosphate system, which is just one reaction, creatinine phosphate just, bam, creates an ATP molecule exactly when you need it. So there's a, it's essentially a time difference, really fast sprints, creatinine phosphate, long sprints or, or you know, one, two, three, four minutes of duration, a lot of anaerobic contribution, which is a faster system than the aerobic one, but slower than the creatinine phosphate system. And last but not least, for anything long distance, we're dealing with the aerobic system for the most part. How to train those systems, that's a topic for a whole different video. But for now, I hope that gave you sort of an overview of the three energy systems in the body. And I know we got a little bit technical today. That's the point of this video, really. I just wanted to touch on some of the technical aspects of fuel metabolism in the human body. If you have any questions, of course, you could always send me a message on the LoneTrail Facebook page, or you could go to my website, mggcoaching. There's a link in the description to set up a coaching session, to explain this for you further, or maybe help you with your training, anything like that. In the meantime, hope your running is going well. Hope you're having a great day. Post a comment, subscribe, and I'll see you in the next video. Bye.


بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين وصل الله على محمد وآله الطيبين الطاهرين والعنة الله على عدائهم أجمعين من الأولين إلى أبادي الأبدين أحد المهمات الأساسية التي تساعدتنا للتعاون ومعاون بها هي تعاون باستخدام الناس of mankind is that one day they will fall out with their family members or there must be an occasion where you will fall out with your friend you will fall out with your neighbor or you will fall out with a member of your community or society because each person thinks in a different way lives in a different way has their own appetite has their own interests and wants and desires maybe something that I like you might not like maybe the way I dress does not like or does not suit the way you like to dress maybe you do not want to join me in watching a specific film or you do not like to eat a specific piece of food nature is made like that Allah SWT has created mankind with different tastes with different needs different wants so it must be that one day you will fall out as a result of your interests and your needs and your desires and this mostly occurs in families with friends sometimes it occurs with a wife and a husband where they will fall out you may see them living side by side day by day as day goes on they live together sleep and they wake up and they eat and they drink and they go out and they come and they work and they join themselves with their daily practices but there must be a day that they give in as a result of problems as a result of tiredness as a result of fatigue it is the responsibility of the other family members or the responsibility of friends and the community to step in to reconcile between these two individuals Allah SWT in the Holy Quran gives us many examples where the prophets and messengers they played the role of reconciliation between members of the community أهل البيت عليهم السلام specifically أمير المؤمنين فاطمة الزهراء and حسن and حسين they played many roles and many parts in reconciliation between members of the communities that lived at their time at the time of مأمون العباسي there was one poet who was well known to be amongst those who attended the court of مأمون العباسي by the name of علي بن جهن علي بن جهن one day he crossed مأمون مأمون became very upset and he ordered his advisors and his ministers to kill علي بن جهن the poet عبد الله one of the ministers of مأمون العباسي came to play the role of reconciliation to مأمون between مأمون and علي بن جهن this Abdullah one of the ministers came and told مأمون oh مأمون you have ordered us to behead علي بن جهن and you have ordered us to confiscate his wealth if we do go and kill علي بن جهن we cannot confiscate his wealth because after his death his wealth will have to go to his inheritors and it will be the wealth of the inheritors that we are taking away and this is not good for someone like you مأمون then ordered علي بن جهن to be sent to prison so علي بن جهن was sent to prison for a while then this ministers came and spoke to مأمون and said oh مأمون علي بن جهن is still in prison after a while مأمون had calmed down and had rethought about the consequences of علي بن جهن he ordered them to leave and release علي بن جهن the role of reconciliation is very important because at times it may save a relationship at times it may save a friendship that had lasted for 20 or 30 or 40 years الله سبحانه وتعالى like those individuals who reconciliation between two individuals and join them together let's be one of those who play that part and reconciliation between two individuals be it a father and son a mother and their son or daughter or husband and wife or two friends who have been friends for many years I ask Allah سبحانه وتعالى to help us to work in that path والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته


We can't do this by ourselves, right? I gave up the practice of medicine in order to kind of devote myself and work around the clock to see if we can prevent, you know, our friends, our family, and everyone from having to endure this terrible disease and, you know, treatments that are not really getting the job done, see if we can move the needle. I've been fortunate to contribute now to five new drugs coming to the market and helping a lot more patients than I could have ever done as a practicing doctor. We have 14 drugs that we're working on right now that do all these crazy things.


I'm deeply grateful for being here today, and I think I should tell you, for being made given an honorary diploma, I've always nursed a sense of guilt at first when I talk to a doctor. So many of you would come out here and say hello and just let me say how grateful I am so much at home. It's been so wrong since I've seen so many signs. I guess my favorite was the one I saw on the way in that read I flipped the Virgilides. Then there was a photo that appeared the other day in the Goster County Times, and it showed five fellows in high school with a message painted on their chest. The first fellow's chest had the letter I, the second had a heart, and the rest had the letters R-O-N. I love Ron. Well, after seeing that, I peeled down a little bit and started trying to paint. I love glass borough on my own chest, but there wasn't room. By the way, I thought you'd like to know that my pilot, Captain Jack Souter, he was raised just down the road in Kipstown. It means a lot to Jack to be here today, and I wonder, well, you've already done it. I was going to ask you to give him a cheer so that he could hear it over there in the helicopter. I've been told that you all listened to my remarks that I made inside, and I don't want to keep you for another speech, especially since I know that some of you've been here since 330. And besides, Jack Souter has his kids to get home to. Come to think of it, Nancy told me as I was leaving this afternoon not to be late for dinner. There would be an audience like this, and I just can't resist the temptation to say a few words around the day and speaking to those young people who grew up among you and being here with you. It is all been a lesson in the great and essential goodness of our nation. Let's think of the 300-year history of Gloucester and Compton. First came the Dutch and the Swedes and the English Quakers that were seeking religious liberty. And each in turn found here a gentle and fertile country, a place here where with hard work, the earth could be persuaded to treat mankind. And today, Southern New Jersey is home to all of you, people of every background imaginable, Irishmen and Italians, blacks and whites, Christians and Jews, all living in peace, living in prosperity, and yes, living in freedom. It may be a few days late, but permit me to say it anyway. Happy birthday, Gloucester County. I'm especially touched to have so many families here today.  Certainly, it was their hopes for their children that brought our ancestors to America, the love they felt in their families that sustained them in building our nation. And today, our families give us strength still. And I have a feeling that Glassboro is a good place, a happy place for you and your families. On the way in, I saw your neighborhoods and your churches and schools, your baseball diamonds and swimming pools and football fields. You know, it really moved me and gave me heart. It put me in touch with America, but sometimes you can lose touch with when you're down there on the banks of the Potomac and all the basic values that we're working so hard in Washington to defend. It even kind of reminded me of a town of about 10,000 dicks in Illinois where I grew up. I guess what I'm trying to say is that Glassboro gave me a gift today and for that, my friends, I thank you from the bottom of my heart. I got to get Jack Souter back home, so I guess we'd better get going. But thank you again and believe me, I will always remember the gift you had at Glassboro. Thank you.


The answer is no, LinkedIn is not just for boring old corporate people. It's an absolute gold mine if you know how to use it. So in this video, I'm going to talk about three ways to use LinkedIn to get clients fast. Hey, what's up, it's Sean Anthony and I talk about the best tools, tips and strategies to level up your business, your skills and your income. So if that sounds interesting to you, make sure you go down below right now and hit that subscribe button. All right. So in this video, we're going to talk about LinkedIn, why it's such a gold mine and how to use it, three specific ways to use it to get clients fast for your business. So let's hop into my computer right now. Alrighty, so on the screen here, I have my LinkedIn profile and I'm just going to go and walk through the three main things that you want to do to be marketing on LinkedIn and growing your business and getting more clients using the platform. Okay. So I'm going to walk through each of these three things. I'm going to show you some examples of each and just keep in mind, there's hundreds of different tips and tactics and strategies and cool little hacks you can do on LinkedIn. These are the three main core things that you want to do as part of your client acquisition strategy if you want to use LinkedIn to do that and to get clients and grow your business. Okay. So just keep that in mind. There's a lot of different things that I could cover. I might cover in later videos, but pay attention to these main three because this is the main thing that you want to do as part of your strategy. Okay. So number one is you want to optimize your LinkedIn profile for your ideal client. Right.  Maybe they've written a book or whatever. You don't want to do that. You want to treat your LinkedIn profile. If you want to use it to get clients, you want to treat it kind of like a mini sales page or mini landing page, right. And the goal of your LinkedIn profile is to attract and convert your ideal clients. So to do that, you need to optimize your LinkedIn profile to do that, to get your ideal clients to come to your profile, see what you do and say, oh, that sounds like that guy can help me. Right. So let's just take a look at the main, there's three main areas on the profile that you want to optimize. Number one is just your image, your profile image and your cover photo. Okay. Don't overcomplicate this. Your profile photo should just be something simple of you like looking professional, smiling, not like you just rolled out of bed or came out of a bar. It should be a clear picture. Don't make sure it's not like pixelated or you can't see your face. Just make sure it's a picture of you that's clear and looks somewhat professional, okay. Your cover photo is the same thing. For me, I just put a few photos, you can make this in Canva. I put a few photos that show me speaking and with other entrepreneurs like this is Jesse Etzler. He owns the Atlanta Hawks. This is Trey Llewellyn who's big in the e-commerce space. You can use something like this that shows your authority or you can link with a call to action to your website or whatever you want people to do, okay. So just make sure these two areas, it's not like the default. Make sure that you optimize it to make you look good and position you as an authority, all right.  Most people, what they do here is they just put their job title, right. They might say, oh, I'm a CEO of this company and this is what I do. Well, you want to make sure that when your prospect reads your headline, they can answer the question, what's in it for me, right. And does this person help me? So this is for growth response, right. Growth response is our B2B lead generation or drop servicing agency. We provide LinkedIn and cold email lead generation for B2B technology startups, SaaS companies and agencies, right. So I want to make sure if this is my company and that's who I target, right. B2B startups and agencies, I want to make sure that my headline on LinkedIn speaks to that, right. So it's the same exact thing here, helping startups, helping the niche, whoever your niche is and agencies to get result. What's the result? Get more sales meetings with their ideal customers, right. And then you can even, I couldn't fit everything in here. So I just put, you know, founder growth response done for you up on prospecting some keywords, SaaS lead generation, LinkedIn marketing, cold email copy, sales funnels, okay. So you can put some keywords in here, a little hack. I don't know if this still works, but if you edit on your phone, if you download the LinkedIn mobile app and you edit on your phone, you edit this headline, I think they let you add a bit more characters, right. I don't think I could add this on the desktop version. I think it's a little trick if it still works.  But try it out, try downloading the mobile app and seeing if you can add more keywords into your headline here, right. But the lesson here is make sure that you can answer, who do you help? How do you help them? And what result do you get, right. So helping startups and agencies get sales meetings with their ideal customers. That's what I do. And then I link to growth response, which is the actual company that I'm talking about, right. So that's area number two. Now area number one, your photo, your cover photo, area number two is your headline. Area number three that you want to optimize is your about or your summary section, okay. And this is where people go so wrong. Like they'll just put like, for example, they'll speak about themselves on third person. So they might say something like, Sean has won three awards. He started five companies. He's made like $10 million. Sean has, is a TEDx speaker. He has this book and that book and he's done this. He's such a badass, right. Like just talking about themselves in third person, which first of all is it's kind of strange. It's kind of creepy, right. Who actually talks about themselves in third person.  So make sure that your profile summary talks about your prospect and how you can help them, right. Again, if you want to use it to get more clients and grow your business, right. So let's take a look at my example. I'm not going to read through all of this, but let's take a look at what I'm doing here, right. So that very first line. I don't say anything about me or like my background or anything. I talk exactly to the value proposition, right. We help technology startups and digital agencies fill their pipeline with high value leads that turn into customers. You get an expert team dedicated to prospecting and customer acquisition for half the cost of an in-house team. Now, by reading that very first sentence, you know exactly who I help. Exactly the result I get and how like why it's relevant to them, right. So half the cost of an in-house team, right. These SaaS companies, these SaaS founders, they're so used to hiring like three to four sales reps at like $4,000 to $5,000 a month each. And they still have to train them and buy them tools and all that stuff, right. So we'll cut that cost in more than half and we'll get, we have a proven system that already works and we can get them exactly what they want, which is more customers, right. So the first sentence should be a value proposition about you and what you do and how you help that market, right. Then I kind of dive deep into the problems and pain points. So you're going to have to do some research into this, right. It's not going to be the same thing. You want to make sure that you're speaking in the language of your niche. So for our niche for B2B technology companies, when we were talking to founders, they're always like, I don't know where my next deal is coming from. Like we don't know which source is coming from. We don't know if it's from a webinar or LinkedIn or cold email or Facebook advertising. We don't know where our next deal is going to come from and we don't have a predictable system, right. So we tie that into the pain points here, right. Is your team wasting hours of valuable selling time on researching and instead of closing deals, do you wish you had a proven system, right. So these are specific pain points that come up when we talk to our market, right. Then you can read this, you can, I'm not going to read all this, but it talks a little bit about our background, why we created this service, what problem does it solve. And we even kind of qualify people here, right. So we say, hold up, must be able to afford at least $1,000 a month. And this filters out people from booking a call with us if they're just like tire kickers and just information seekers, right. That aren't actually going to become clients. So take a look at the profile summary here. Again, it should speak directly to your ideal client and your ideal prospect and talk about how you can help them solve a problem that they want to solve, right. In this case, it's lead generation and getting more customers for their SaaS business, right. This should not be talking about yourself in third person or your awards or anything like that. Nobody cares, right. So that's the number one area is optimizing your profile. We talked about your profile photo, your cover photo, your headline and also your profile summary, right. So that's number one. Optimize your profile for your ideal client. Now number two is you want to connect and engage with your ideal clients, right. So you can use sales navigator or actually set up a separate video doing a tutorial of sales navigator and how we use it in depth. But let's just say that we're going to use it again, B2B SaaS founders, because that's who we target for growth response. If I want to find SaaS founders, all I got to do here is type in, let's see, founder, okay. And I'll show you some examples of messages that we've sent. I'll go to all filters here and I can go to computer software. I can go to, let's say, if I want to find people in my city of Seattle, I do that. I can type in their title here. I might do founder, right. And then what I can do is click apply. Now what does this do? It gives me a list of 2,509 founders in Seattle of software companies and with sales navigator, you can get even more granular with like the size of the companies, like how many employees they have, more specific industries, more specific titles and seniority levels. But I'm just showing you a quick example here and this shows me 2,000 plus founders, people who fit my ideal client profile. So what do I want to do? I want to connect with these people. Let's just say Dan here. I might connect with them. I'll send them a connection request. Hey Dan, saw you're a founder in the Seattle area of a SaaS company, would love to connect and share insights with you. Something super simple like that, right. Once they connect, you can send them a message and just see if they're interested in having a quick conversation with you to learn more about what you do as what you deliver as your service, right. And how you can help them and provide value to their lives, right. So let's take a look at an example here, right. So one of our clients here is Lynn. I know she is in here. She's one of my favorite clients because they have an awesome SaaS product. Oh my gosh, I can get this typed out. And then you can see here when we first started talking. So you can see here, here's the connection message, right. So I connected with her. I engaged with her. I enjoy connecting with founders who I share mutual connections with. Love the opportunity to connect and share insights. Thanks for sharing. Thanks for connecting with me on LinkedIn. I promise to keep this value an interesting blah, blah, blah. And then I go into a little mini pitch, right. Are you interested in using LinkedIn to generate 10 to 20 high value sales appointments a month at Kandadi? If not, or are you currently using that? If not, I created this free guide detailing how to do that, right. So I'm providing her value. I'm giving her a value. So I had this little article here on LinkedIn Tactics and I sent it over her way. And this is what she said. Would like to chat more on your approach. Let me know when's a good time this week or next. So then we hopped on a phone. We set up a time to chat. We hopped on the phone. She became a client of ours. She's been a client of ours for over a year now and she's onboarded multiple people within her company onto our service, right. So LinkedIn outreach, it works. You have to just make sure you're connecting with the right people, with your ideal client. You're providing value upfront. You're showing them that you care about them and that you can help them get a result that they actually want. And that's what we've done here. And this is exactly what we do for our service, right. Our LinkedIn service, what we're doing is we're connecting with people. We optimize your profile and then we start connecting with people and engaging with them to get you more appointments so that you can get more customers, more clients, right. So that's number two is connecting and engaging with your ideal clients and trying to get them, you know, interested in what you have to offer, yeah. So number three, the third way to grow your business and get more clients with LinkedIn is content, right. Content and what you wanna do here, there's two types of content. This is the way that I break it down. Type one content is content that shows who you are as a person, right. So talk, you're gonna be telling stories about yourself, your business, your personal life, things that happen, things that are good, things that are bad.   So you can look at my posts on here. I'm not gonna go through all of them here because I've made a lot of posts, but that's type one content, is showing who you are as a person and letting people know that you're human. You're not just some robot on LinkedIn trying to just spam and get business all the time, right. Number two is what I call type two content, real original, right, but it's content that positions you as the authority. So it answers the question, why should I work with you to solve X problem? So someone might say, why should I work with you to help me generate more leads on LinkedIn? So I actually provide a lot of content here on LinkedIn for free through my status updates, right. You can see these get engaged with a lot, 50 likes, 12 comments, a 54 and 19 comments, I have 17,000 views on this, 147 likes and 49 comments. So this gets people interested in what you have to offer and they'll see your posts, they'll reach out to you through your messaging here and they'll wanna set up a time with you to chat, right. So content is a very powerful way if you combine it with an outreach strategy, right. So if you optimize your profile, number one, you optimize it for your ideal client. Number two, you connect and engage with your ideal clients, your ideal prospects and you grow your network on LinkedIn, right. You start connecting with people, they get accepted into your network, you send them a message, see if you can help them or provide value, that's connected and engaged.  People are gonna reach out to you, they're gonna wanna work with you because you're putting goodwill and value out into the market, right. So those are the three things. Number one, optimize your profile for your ideal client, right, your profile photo, your cover photo, your headline and your profile summary. You should all be geared towards your ideal prospect, your ideal client, it shouldn't be talking or bragging about yourself, okay. Number two is connect and engage. So you wanna connect with your ideal client and you wanna provide some value, maybe you found an article that's useful to them that's relevant to your service that you provide and also number three is to post content, right. Type one and type two content. Personality content and authority content, right. You wanna get people interested in what you have to offer and stay top of mind so that when they are ready to move forward with LinkedIn lead generation or whatever you provide, you are gonna be the first person to think about, okay. So I hope this was helpful for you guys. If you guys like this, like this video, subscribe, comment below, let me know what you wanna see next. Let me know if you have any questions around what I covered here today. I'll be doing a lot more videos on LinkedIn and using it to grow your business but I hope this was helpful for you guys. Take care and I'll see you in the next video.


11 teachers from across the state have been named finalists in the 2017 Minnesota Teacher of the Year program. An independent selection panel of 23 leaders in the areas of education, business, government, and non-profits selected the finalists from a group of 37 semifinalists. None of the finalists are from the Lakeland viewing area. In all, there were 132 Teacher of the Year candidates for this program year. The winner of the 2017 Teacher of the Year award will be announced on May 7th. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.