decreasing on the screen, but not all of them are appearing. Lindsay, can you see, can you let people in? I don't see that I see that you've let everyone in because they've slowly disappeared from my screen as well. OK, it's working, but I believe they can still regardless of whether they're let in or not, they can still see the sessions. So then recording has begun. So I will leave now. Perfect. Fine. So fine. Very much. Right, I can see colleagues joining in. And I don't want to use up any extra time to ensure that we do use our our fully. So good morning, good afternoon, good evening, everyone. Our speakers and the audience. And welcome to our panel today. On recover stronger ethical recruitment in global supply chain and I am the senior regional thematic specialist on labour migration and human development for the International Organization for Migration based in IOM Costa Rica, San Jose. Today, we have the pleasure of having with us several distinguished guests from the private sector and from represent from the responsible business initiatives, as well as from UN agencies.  Let me start by introducing our representative of the private sector. This is Mike McDonald, who is senior manager of supply chain sustainability at Intel Corporation. Good morning, Mike. Hi, thanks. Let me just continue. Then with the representative from the responsible business initiatives. We have Bob Mitchell, who is the vice president of the responsible business alliance. Good morning, Mitchell. Hi, thanks for having us. And then we have David Schilling, who is senior program director of human rights and resources at the Interface Center for Corporate Responsibility. Sorry, yes, that's correct. Yes, good morning, David. And then we do have our colleague, Pavel Chalice, who is the Iris program manager at the International Organization for Migration at HQ in Geneva.  Thank you very much for accepting to being our panelists today. Now, before I start, I wanted to also take this occasion to inform our speakers today and our audience that there are two other events that are taking place within this forum organized by IOM. So specifically, we have one today at 23 to 24 hours EST on protecting migrant workers across supply chains through blockchains with the participation of the Coca-Cola company, DGNX and Forum Asia. Tomorrow, we will have another panel from seven to eight EST for the early rises in this region, which is on building back better, promoting ecosystems for inclusive entrepreneurship post COVID with the Impact Hub. Now, before I go on to a small introduction onto this panel, I wanted to inform panelists and the audience that today this panel is going to be organized as following. I am going to moderate it. And so I will move after this short logistic information on to posing questions to the various panelists. I will have one question each. I will then have one question for all. And we will have a few minutes at the end for the audience to pose their questions. So I would encourage the audience to please write their questions onto the chat just on the side of the video so that panelists will be able to actually see the questions coming through and pick and choose the one that they will be able to answer and they prefer to answer. All right, then the short introduction. Countries globally and in our region, the Americas and the Caribbean continue to be a source, transit and destination of rural to urban, intra-regional and international migration. The presence of large informal sectors and economies, the weak social security systems, instability and natural disasters remain the main drivers of migration, pushing large sections of the population to look for employment opportunities abroad, mainly in the United States of America and in Canada. But increasingly, also within the region, through the use of informal and regular channels, personal contacts, as well as unregistered brokers or agencies. Irregular migration remains a challenge in this region, caused not only by lack of information about regular migration channels, but also by the inability for migrant labor to access these channels. Now, while countries often provide valuable and needed labor support for this region, some countries of origin are still struggling to apply regulation and guidelines to guide international recruitment practices. With the result that private employment agencies and other contractors and subcontractors often operate without registration or control. Now, despite several countries having established bilateral labor agreements to regularly supply the region with migrant laborers, some agreements still apply the so-called workers pay business model, which is indeed effectively based on unethical recruitment practices. The lack of control at regulation exposes, as we know very well, migrant workers to real risks of exploitation during the recruitment and deployment phases by unscrupulous labor brokers or recruiters that actually charge fees, some of which are very high and provide misleading information about the job offer, exploit inspiring migrant workers through false promises and coercion, and expose them to becoming victims of human trafficking, forced labor and debt bondage and abuse in general. Now, concluding, I can say that IOM has developed a specific tool to promote ethical recruitment practices globally. This is the International Recruitment Integrity System, or in short, IRIS, which is a global initiative designed to promote ethical recruitment and transform radically the international recruitment industry for it to be fair for employers, recruitment agencies and migrant workers, so to be a win-win situation for all. This will be probably introduced by our colleague Pavel today during the panel. Now, without further ado, let me move on to the questions that we have prepared for our panelists. And so we have several questions that should allow panelists to actually present some of the tools and good examples so that they have come across during their work. And I will remind panelists to then to kindly take one or two minutes to explain who you are working for, so what's your company doing and who you are. So the first question will go to Bob. Hello, Bob. I was wondering if you could tell us what are the leading challenges currently faced by multinational enterprises and their supply chain business partners related to labour migration, international recruitment, and the protection of migrant workers. In addition, I was wondering if you could tell us where can companies start with a targeted, stepwise approach. Thank you very much, Bob. You have the tool. Great, thank you. Welcome to all the panelists. Thanks for IOM and the UNGC for having the RBA out here to speak today. So my name is, again, Bob Mitchell and Vice President of the Responsible Business Alliance, we're a coalition of over 170 companies working to promote the rights of workers within supply chains on top of doing significant amount of supply chain environmental work as well. The the topic of trafficking forced labour is our most I would say our most material or salient issue within the industries which we represent. We're founded by a core of electronics companies and has been extending out into a multi-industry and multi-stakeholder approach on trafficking forced labour through one of the initiatives of the RBA called the Responsible Labour Initiative. The core work of the Responsible Labour Initiative is focused on the application of due diligence on trafficking forced labour in international supply chains and the fundamental reshaping of recruitment, the economics around recruitment in order to work towards eliminating trafficking forced labour when there is migration for work. So when really taking a look at the challenges that the companies who work with base as they implement their standards within supply chains, it's I think it's becoming quite self-evident the standards that need to be applied here in terms of protecting workers from from the conditions that may contribute to modern slavery, things like recruitment fees being charged during during recruitment and migration leading to debt bondage, substitution of contracts with holding in personal information and documents, freedom of movement and the inability to resign from a position. All these are examples of conditions that can pile on in different levels of severity to create a forced labour situation. However, this looks different in almost every context. There are some commonalities, but, you know, for instance, the documents that may be withheld as an example to create leverage over a worker. In some cases, maybe a passport, that's the most popular one, but sometimes there are school papers, diploma. In other cases, they might not be a document. They might be materials of sorry, possessions of material value, wedding rings, things like that. So these artifacts that can create leverage over a worker as an example can change context to context. The actors also within migration may change very rapidly as well. In some cases, it's traditional recruitment through a labor agency channel, whether that be in the Americas, Europe or Asia. And in other cases, it may be the placement of a student through an internship program. And in other cases, it might be a state distillated migration for work over international boundaries or even domestically. But what we found is in almost every case, if you put the template of the risks that a worker faces over their journey for employment over any one of those contextual situations, it makes it much easier to determine whether or not that violates this international standards around modern slavery. So there are ways through this. I'd say another one of the challenges is extending beyond the sphere of influence of a company. In many cases, the company has quite a bit of influence over the first tier of their supply chain. But as they get successively deeper into their supply chain where the risk might be higher or even in some of their first tier, they may not have the spend profile within that specific facility or set of facilities to actually influence change, especially where it may be legally allowable, but not up to international standards. And so this idea of coming together to collectively act in a similar way and apply the right amount of leverage as an industry or set of industries becomes even that much more important. I'll say another issue we've seen come up is especially with the evolution of international regulations, whether they be focused on procurement based requirements, which are clear about goods and services sold to that entity, not being made with forced labor or, in some cases, the potential for criminal liability or the stoppage of goods entering into a specific country. There's a rise of these and in many ways that's good for companies. In other ways, it begins to create sort of a challenge between a compliance based mindset for companies and that of that of a progressive minded company. Wanting to actively seek to solve problems, identify the issues related to trafficking forced labor and eliminate them before they become a compliance issue. And so we see some companies retreating into compliance based mind frames and others leaning in very progressively in this case. I'll say one of the last ones here because I know that there's gone for quite a while about these challenges. It has to do with the current context as it relates to the global health crisis and the way this begins to expose the vulnerabilities that a that a vulnerable population may be subject to. And so in this case, the challenge for many of the companies is being able to detect and adapt to what's going on in a significant change and disruption in the model that they were trying to exert due diligence on in the first place. So suddenly that begins to fall apart because of a global pandemic like we're facing. And then companies have to adapt quite quickly to understand the conditions in the interim and how to recover from that over time. I'm hoping we get to sort of explore that through our different panelists today since it is an important topic right now. When we think about how companies can really start to work through some of these challenges, you know, one is to start with a basic due diligence approach. Now that this is this is supported by many international standards. But it really is rooted in cycles that we've seen for quite a while in the business community. And the first is really to to say what what standard you want to be adhered to within your business community that you work with your business partners, be quite clear on the policies and establish the management systems and the communications with your supply chain in order to not leave any gray area. Then iterate through a series of risk identification activities, working through a capacity building to cease, prevent and mitigate issues on the ground, ensuring you're participating in remediation where it's necessary and providing a voice to workers that's legitimate and independent and then monitoring progress and and being transparent about that. And this is not a static cycle that you conduct one time. It iterates, you get further and further down into your own operations, but also those of your suppliers and their suppliers and your recruitment partners as well. And I can't stretch enough the importance of collective action in this case. It's one thing for one company to to say what they want and drive that down into a very narrow slice of international supply chain. It's a much different thing for companies that represent trillions of dollars in revenue throughout the world to come together and exert their collective influence and leverage past their first year suppliers into second year, third year and through the recruitment partners as well. I'm proud of what we've done within the RBA and the responsible labor initiative to date in terms of bringing roughly 10 different industries to the table. And driving a significant amount of recruitment fee repayment, return of passports, the correction of broken contract schemes and other progress we're making over time and looking forward to the opportunity to work with with partners like those we have on the phone, integrating our systems like we have in our responsible recruitment program with IOM's Iris program and showing the complementarity of those and helping the private sector and international community drive this forward. So I'll pause there, hand it over back to you, Michaela, for additional comments from our guests here. Sorry, I muted myself. Thank you very much, Bob. I think that you were quite clear and encouraging actually in the approach. Yes, the challenges are many, but you also said that it is really quite evident the standard that need to be applied and you stressed also the vital importance of acting and coming together as as industries as essential indeed to to address the challenges. Now, remaining on the challenges, but with a specific focus on by the private sector, I wanted to move to Mike and my question is the following, Mike, could you tell us what key steps have been taken by global companies or supply chain employers working in partnership to overcome such challenges? Thank you very much. You have the floor. Yeah, thanks. Glad to be here with everybody. Mike McDonald from Intel Corporation. We are a semiconductor maker based in the US, but we have our own factories around the world in the Americans, Europe, Israel, Asia, as well as a very robust supply chain. And about six years ago, we really recognized that the risk of forced and bonded labor could exist in our supply chain. And before I go to the external for a minute, if this is the start of any of your journey in this area focusing on this issue, I'd strongly recommend spending the time to understand the issue and then getting internal alignment is very critical. And we did that very early and got very senior support to go after and focus on this issue. And it's served us well because it is going to be a long journey. And many of you would face the same kind of length of journey. When I think about external collaboration and collective work, as Bob kind of called it, it's critical at every stage. I think from our learning stage, if you will, just to kind of understand the issue, we work with others in the private sector, NGOs, SRIs, you know, to kind of say those who have gone before us a bit and tackle this issue and try to work on it in different industries, what have they learned? What do we need to consider and think about? Because it probably existed in our supply chain, but we didn't really recognize it. So why weren't we finding it? What was wrong with our approach? We, of course, prohibit forced and bonded labor and modern slavery, but we weren't necessarily seeing a lot of it. And the electronics industry as a whole was not necessarily seeing a lot of this in the 2013, 14, 15 time frame. So I think one is that that learning. Number two is then as Bob talked about and I'll just expound on is the criticality of having a common set of standards. We very quickly set our own standard and said, you know, it's going to be an employer pays model. We're not going to try and define what's too much of a fee to pay, what's excessive, whether someone could hold a passport voluntarily. We said, no, nobody's holding your passport, even voluntarily. We just we drew very sharp, clear black lines in anticipation of where we felt the world would eventually go on this topic. And rather than change and reset ourselves, we did that and then worked collectively across different RBA members to train jail on those those same kind of principles. And then that turned into very strong change in our code of conduct within the RBA around early 2016. And then we had this common set of standards that we could then carry forward. Now, not everybody carries it forward at the same pace with the same passion or same urgency, but we at least when we do, we're saying the same thing. We have the same expectation. So then you move into how to kind of role model to hopefully inspire others to join you or control others to join you in some way or to use the services of an RBA or an ROI to help convene different companies together when we put up against the challenge with the supplier. And we've got examples of that where we've been less than a percent of a supplier's business and we can yell very loudly and very passionately. And we do and not want to step down. But at less than a percent of somebody's business, it's very hard for them to get excited unless there's other people at the table, other companies at the table will escalate. We may stop new business with them. But eventually being able to somehow come together collectively is incredibly important. And we have cases of that. We're working cases of that right now with the with the help of the RBA and ROI to try and try and bring several of us together. So I encourage you to help you do that in that tactical space. And then, like I said, all along the way to find best practices to to kind of share, you know, you have a duty as you go along your individual journey. Really, I believe to be sharing what challenges you've had, what's worked and what's not worked in this space. So collectively we can make make some some faster progress and really kind of support the thought leadership that's kind of come ahead of us, in fact, and see if we can't deliver on that at a faster pace then than we've done done in the past. So that's kind of our focus and continue to really appreciate those other actors, be it NGOs, SRIs, associations who really want to go down that journey together and see that that shared benefit. Thank you very much, Mike. You focused on again, similarly to Bob, on very critical issues, which is the essential result that has the effect of coming together collectively has and the power that this brings to the action that can be taken actually to see that this is bringing results, that this is bringing returns to everyone. And you've also focused on the importance on finding out from partners and stakeholders what are the lessons learned, a lot of the partners in the same industry have indeed gone through similar challenges and approached them in a more or less successful way. So thank you very much. I'll move then now to David. And the question is the following, David. Could you tell us what is the role of investors in promoting ethical recruitment in global supply chains during the pandemic? Thank you very much. You have the floor. David, we cannot hear you. You probably have a mic muted. OK, here we go. Yes, perfect. Thank you. Working with friends and colleagues in the IOM has been very much involved in the work that investors have done through like the leadership group responsible recruitment, the responsible labor initiative, etc. So first, the Interface Center, Corporate Responsibility, where I've worked for almost twenty-six years, started in 1971 and it had, at that point, a small group of faith-based organizations, Protestant denominations in the US, the National Council of Churches, and then later Jewish funds, Muslims from Catholic faith. So, since 1971, the way in which the Interface Center is worked, each of our members own public equity as a part of their investment strategy. And so rather than just do that catastrophically, the whole concept was to indeed those companies that our members own shares in to develop human rights policy. And in the first, you know, years, it was all about South Africa, where our partners there, the young minister of the Council of Churches, their contact at ICCR, who later became Archbishop Desmond Tutu and has been a strong supporter all the way through, but he really said to ICCR, utilize your role as shareholders in companies to make a difference and get US companies to withdraw or at least to adopt the Solomon Principle with their employment in South Africa. So, you know, twenty years, about two hundred and sixty-five US companies withdrew and it was one part of the overall anti-apartheid movement that led to one person, one vote and Nelson Mandela becoming present. So human rights has been with us for a long, long time. I would say on this issue in the early 90s, because we can file shareholder resolutions usually under the Security and Exchange Commission here in the US, that go to a vote of all the shareholders of a given company. We started really utilizing that role to get international labor standards incorporated into Code of Conduct for supply. And so that began to happen in the early 90s, really got more traction in the mid 90s. And then there were a number of movements that really solidified in getting a Code of Conduct with monitoring programs that would actually not only have policy but implementation. We've always had a bias, if you will, is make sure that companies that we invest in, in their policies and practices, make a difference for workers. That's more of the kind of the litmus step for our members. Over the last ten years, we've been joined by large asset management and public pension funds, foundations and so forth. So we have over 300 institutional members working collectively, collaboratively to engage companies. And part of the it was interesting because part of the code process called out, of course, the two conventions that the ILO promulgated related to portfolio. And yet it wasn't until like 2004, 2005, we really start to look at modern slaves, which is kind of a way of talking about what happens to workers if they're recruited sort of in an exploitative way. There are other mechanisms, but that is a significant mechanism. So in 2005, we got really, really involved in Brazil. There was a report that came out in the Bloomberg News that there were workers that had been forced into the Amazon to cut trees in the Amazon, make charcoal, that went into pig iron. And from Berlin to New Orleans, you would have the pig iron coming into the steel companies in this country. So you have steel companies, automotive companies, you have the home appliances companies, all with a concern then that they were implicated in modern slavery and forced labor. So at that point, we immediately got in touch with the national tax for the eradication of slave labor and learned that a law had been passed in 1995 by the government that put together an independent mobile unit of the Ministry of Labor, but it was independent to look at complaints that were lodged by civil society. And one of our partners shared the Catholic Land Commission, a religious organization affiliated with the Catholic Fishes in Brazil. Plus, Rio de Janeiro, Dr. Mothe, who did a lot of supply chain research that made the connection between the recruitment, the workers being forced into very severe situations, often very remote. And then they would investigate. So this got us on a screen whereby we were looking for, you know, not just the policies and sort of implementation strategies that were audited at the factory, but also how did how did workers get to the factory or the farm for the seafood vessel? And therefore, we started really focusing on a campaign related to what we had then called like no worker paid fees, no fees initially. And that had some impact on the electronics sector. We had like a multi-stakeholder kind of gathering around table in January of 2015, where we looked at all these issues and the Responsible Business Alliance made some changes to make fees and zero fees, not just excessive fees, etc. And that really laid a framework so that we then, as investors, have engaged companies to put in place these policies and practices, no worker paid fees, passport, etc. But also encourages them to get involved with collective action. Now, since COVID-19, you know, some of the discrepancies that we've always seen in the global supply chain system where workers are often low wage workers and there's not a lot of room to have money that you can fall back on. And the COVID-19 we've seen this in dramatic terms. So, for example, we put out letters to about forty five carol companies that really look at the focus around what are their responsible in terms of responding to furloughed or laid off workers. And so that now is getting responses from companies to setting up meetings. We engage companies a lot. We believe that dialogue can really move the needle. And also as an organization, we did a COVID-19 investor statement that now has about about three hundred fifty global investors signed on with about ten trillion assets and the manager ten trillion dollars. That's a free manager. So, in other words, it's no longer just SRIs and faith based organizations. It's some of the largest funds in the world that are looking at these issues. And that statement talks about, you know, paid leave. It talks about issues that maintain supplier relationships and make sure that small suppliers and workers are not being hurt and to the extent possible to be going because you're going to need them to build that. So at this point, I think we put our kind of emphasis in a process whereby a working with migrant workers, working with initiatives like the responsible labor initiative that we're very involved with and investors are now starting more and more to look at the S of ESP, environmental, social, governance policies, and therefore we're gaining some traction with some of the largest funds and the hope that as economies open up again, that we can rethink what an ethical, equitable, resilient supply chain can look like so that the lessons learned from COVID-19 can really be put in place under capitalism. And I think one final thing, because I don't want to take too much time here, but a word about IOM, a word about the ILO, so important that the U.N. system in its various departments are behind us. And of course, 20 years ago, the U.N. Gold Compact was put together with a co-financing point in John Rugby to do that. Later, he did, brought us the process that led to the U.N. guide of truth for the business community. So there are tools there. There are standards there that the will, where is the will? And I think through collective action with the health of IOM, ILO, like the RBA, leadership, youth responsibility, youth employment that's formed, and others, where we're talking about the Americans, whether we're talking about that corridor between Nepal and the Gulf. We have to have a global system and really try to rebuild a more equitable and sustainable system. Thank you. Thank you very much, David. I really liked how you make the transition from starting to advocate for improved working conditions and recruitment conditions as an interface organization, but then actually grabbing the interest of large companies, the electronic sector, first of all, responding very positively than governments, than U.N. agencies. And this actually also, again, stress the importance of collective action, bringing all the actors, stakeholders together to actually show that the activity is going somewhere and it is bringing results. I will then now move to my colleague, Pavel Shalos, for whom I have the following question. Pavel, could you tell us what role do stakeholders outside of the private sector, in particular, U.N. agencies, play in the design, development and implementation of supply and change strategies? And how can this be enhanced? Thanks, Pavel. You have the floor. Thank you, Mikayla. Thank you again, everybody, for having me with you today. I won't be talking about introducing IOM because Mikayla already did it. So I'll just quickly jump into the topic. But before we jump into the role of the U.N. agencies in design, development and implementation of the supply chain strategies, I would like to take a minute and refer to the point made by David and focus a little bit on who are those different stakeholders and the roles when it comes to recruitment in global supply chains. The fact is that there are many stakeholders, but let me focus on some key ones. Private sector, obviously, is the vital and critical actor in implementation of adequate recruitment. The business pays demand and facilitates supply, especially when we talk about the recruitment industry. But private sector, as much as it's a very vital one, it's not the only one which is critical. The others stakeholders are, just to mention a few, the governments, civil society and also international organizations amongst other stakeholders as well. The governments, the governments create the formal framework and regulate demand and supply through regulatory and other formal mechanisms such as like quotas, temporary worker programs or bilateral label arrangements. As said, the government plays a vital role in shaping up the frameworks for adequate recruitment corridors through which the migrant workers are recruited within the supply chains globally. Civil society, in its turn, play another vital role, but in a different context. They are bringing the worker voice and worker perspective into the policy discussions and solutions and very much actual engagement and very much actual implementation. The civil society for a direct outreach with migrant communities ensures that the two-way communication from and to migrant workers are maintained, as well as the workers engaged in the process. All of those stakeholders mentioned a bit earlier play a vital role in ethical labor recruitment to function and they all need to work together. At the same time, the communication among those stakeholders is often limited and not always super well coordinated. And this brings me to the one, the first key point, why, what can be the role of international organizations and agencies, which is related to communication and networking. Sometimes stakeholders within the same group have a limited possibilities to talk and coordinate across the borders, especially between the countries of origin and destination, the governments and jurisdictions of countries of origin and destination. The recruiters sometimes civil society don't know each other on both sides of the process. International organizations such as IOM, ILO and other players play a very important role of a convener. This involves reaching out and engaging with all relevant stakeholders, passing communication between those stakeholders. Sometimes what we refer to shuttle diplomacy or shuttle communication before they even sit together in one room. But even most substantively, the UN organization are creating more tangible dialogue platforms where the brands, employer, recruiters, the government officials can comfortably sit together at one table and discuss needs and challenges and work out solution. While different stakeholders are often busy with competing priorities of their primary businesses, they have limited opportunities to talk things through in the great details and coordinate among each other. That brings me to another role which the international organizations have. It's the policy support. Those situations I mentioned are often leads to the situation when there is a common understanding and consensus among the stakeholders. But because of the competing priorities amongst them and inconsistencies in policies and subsequently implementation that may not address. This is particularly relevant and challenging with cross-border recruitment where the objective amongst the private sector and the government might not be the same in the same country they do not match. Moreover, we all know that there are gaps and inconsistencies in the policy and regulation between the sending and receiving countries related to licensing regimes and requirements, approach to recruitment fees and costs, approach to protection of migrant workers at large. The job of international organizations is to large extent to bridge those gaps and to help sort out inconsistencies across the board. This is done through the support of development of international standards and frameworks, which serves as one single reference point for national stakeholders, both private and public. Those standards are very often close to the ones mentioned by both Mike and David. In fact, those mentioned by both Mike and David were very often developed earlier than the international standard because we in the UN family, we are not as slow because we have a lot of stakeholders to get together, obviously, but the fact that those international standards facilitate and agree upon by international community are close to the ones by RBA international companies is a good one. The UN agencies by setting up those benchmarks bring, first of all, consistency to those standards, those different standards, something with both Mike and David mentioned earlier. They give international coherence and allows those standards to serve as one reference point for more global applications, who they do recognition. The ILO general principles and operational guidelines for further recruitment or IRIS of IOM are referenced in a number of regional and intergovernmental agreements, not to mention the UN global combatant migration, which was signed by over 150 governments in December 2019. Additionally, increasing number of national governments have been requesting IOMs and ILO support to develop or strengthen their policies on the regulation of recruitment consistent with ILO and IRIS standards mentioned above. Increasing number of international brands now sees those standards as a reference point and has been approaching us to support aligning their own code of contact and supply chain strategies with provisions of those standards of IOM and ILO. That brings me to another point and role of the international organizations, which is related to capacity building and implementation support. Because the role of international organizations, especially the UN ones, goes beyond just the policy advice for the government and brands on international recruitment. Once the policies are aligned, we spend a lot of time on training, strengthening the capacity of the government, both central and local, capacity of brands and their suppliers and recruiters to enable them to practice recruitment in keeping with those international recruitment standards. For this work, we have a lot of tools available, such as, I know that RBA also has a lot of tools available and the good news is there's consistency between those tools and those tools are the standards itself, interpretation guides and guidelines for those standards, training curricula, capacity building programs, tool kits, auditing programs and guides. We even have a voluntary certification of private recruiters available as a tool. Once the stakeholders are connected, their policies are aligned and implementing actors capacitated. International organizations like IOM and ILO can and often do support with facilitation of setting up and ethical recruitment corridors where the rules are established and adhered to by all the participating stakeholders to ensure that this is happening. International organizations often facilitate setting up and coordination of the oversight mechanism to ensure that all the actors, including the IOS themselves, are accountable for the actions and migrants workers are protected. Allow me to end with the final thought that the local context in various places around the world can be different and solutions that work well in Asia might seem not applicable in America, for instance. At the same time, from our groundwork in many countries around the world, we managed to identify even if the context is different, the underlying problems and challenges, especially those related to protection of migrants worker, remain the same across the board, around the world. That is why the international standards as a reference point are equally applicable around the world in all those places. At the same time, being a global UN agency with significant operational footprint around the world gives us opportunity to be exposed to different scenarios and solutions, learn from them and cross reference them and tailor made to any local context by proactive engagement and dialogue with local stakeholders, which will make this happen. Thank you very much and over to you, Mikaela. Thank you very much for this quite comprehensive view of all of UN agencies in in supporting the stakeholders in promoting ethical recruitment practices. You have focused specifically on the the bridge that UN agencies can can be to bring together the various stakeholders that don't necessarily know each other, don't necessarily trust each other, do not know how to talk to each other and you stressed the importance that agencies such as IOM, ILO, recently the UN Global Contact on Migration can give on supporting and guiding the development of policies. Now, a question for everyone in the remaining time. I would request if you can to focus on this just for a couple of minutes each, we don't have much left. It's already 12.15 Costa Rica, so 10 minutes to the end. So I would like to offer you the possibility, whoever wants to intervene on what kind of recommendations you have for the audience so that you know, it's very large, it's very diverse and specifically on what kind of steps you think have worked most and what you recommend could be something to be taken into account for the way forward, especially considering that we are hopefully coming out of a very heavy crisis, the first one that we have seen as a United Nations for sure and that in fact, many countries in this region are still in the very middle of it. Thank you very much. You all have the floor. You can intervene just by your mics are open. Well, maybe I'll get I can see a hand. I'll go ahead, Bob. I'll get started with a couple of items. And yeah, you'll want it to listen and then other is to act. So one of the I think most valuable things we've found is not only having a community of practice where people can learn from each other, build off of each other's efforts to reply and improve them, but also to get diverse perspectives, not just within the private sector, but with our partners in the investor, civil society, international governmental organization and other communities out there that begins to change your the way you look at an issue and a problem and its urgency. And so that's one of the big lessons I think we've learned is that this is in isolation, this can either become you know, one of a range of things, one being it can become very ivory tower, right, and then not implementable when it comes to the complexities on the ground, which they are immensely complex when you get deep into location and remediation. And then the other is too much retreating and not being inspired to get out there and and and be progressive and find the problems and correct them. And we found the community of practice coming together and a multi stakeholder aspect of what we do really helps sort of right size the efforts and coming at that together certainly begins to create the right action. And then the next is the act, right, you can't just listen and create the right approach, you have to get out there and roll your sleeves up and dive in and make sure you have your bowel arm in terms of what you see on the ground, how difficult it is to tear down the veils behind which this these conditions are found and the criticism you might take along the way in terms of your approach from either side of the aisle. So again, I'll encourage everybody listen, collaborate and act. And in that way, we'll we'll make a lot of money. Thank you. Yes, yeah, I had a building on that. You know, we started, you know, there's a lot of information out there on where these risks exist at this point now, it's it's even greater than it was five, six years ago when we began. And so even as you're thinking through the whole process, I'd encourage people if you've just begun this journey to look at your supply chain and decide where this risk may be higher, certain countries, certain recruiting corridors or have a higher propensity of this to be occurring and getting involved in that. If you know how to do the perform the due diligence, then go do it. If not, there are many people out there who can help you go do that. Through that simple act, you will start attacking the problem and you will learn a tremendous amount of information. On the other end, you know, going forward in challenges, I like probably how you kind of put it together. I like the word platform. When we look at this, we can kind of keep pushing and kind of telling people almost like when they're coming to your house, hey, drive over to my house and be safe. But I can't control that whole route. I can't control how fast they went, what the speed limit was on the road. I can try and do my best as somebody inviting that. But I need other parties. And I like the idea of a platform where government civil society and companies or private sectors coming together, maybe on a more frequent basis to kind of identify where our risks seemingly unsolvable right now. We need to apply a different approach to them that could be a collective approach and collective discussion. So I would I'd welcome kind of experimenting in that space. Not even assuming we have it all figured out, but just start to experiment with this platform idea you brought up, Pavel. I think it's it's fascinating. Thank you very much. David, please. Yes, I mean, there's there's so much to say in so little time. But number one, you know, workers, workers, workers. I was so struck this morning. The Institute for Human Rights and Business had a webinar. They're doing a lot of work around the leadership group for responsible recruitment. And this morning, RBA was represented in the focus was Malaysia and Joanne from the IOM in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. You know, describe what's happened to foreign migrant workers since the COVID-19 and the grow back of some key policies related to government and one that stuck with stuck with me. IOM listen to where work.  Yeah, there was a movement.  They many were detained. Some jailed and some deported. And IOM stood up and publicly made statements around that, plus meeting with the government to try to address that. You know, I asked whether companies had joined in on that. She said, you know, they haven't. But I do think there's a role for listening to workers. What are the key elements that in if it's a crisis like we're in now, got to listen well to then be willing to act and create a public face to this and do that to collective actions. I think that's important. The other piece is we're working a lot now with worker driven movements, certainly one in the United States that is made up primarily of workers from Central America and from Mexico coming into the country. And the coalition of Immokalee workers has been working now for 10 or 12 years. Four key major food companies have joined in the Fair Food Program that has transformed the recruitment process. There's no longer working through the crew boss. There they put, you know, they've really done a lot around sexual harassment in the fields, so not just recruitment, but also a whole range. And the whole possibility there is that workers are in the driver's seat. And I think maybe we need to look at sort of a as we rebuild the power equations to validate those that have been made most vulnerable by the systems. And I think in this case, I am really missing Malaysia and did the right thing. And hopefully over time, they haven't stopped trying to meet with the government, et cetera. And now, you know, it it seems to me that as the investors and the associations need to really step up, we need to keep our ears open to what the workers needs are. Thank you very much to all of you. I will refrain from commenting, although I've taken lots of useful notes. I'll keep them for my other interventions, but I wanted to make sure that we give the floor to some of the participants who have already started to share some interesting questions in the chat. There is specifically one on the Caribbean. This is a colleague from IOM who is responsible for the Caribbean migration consultation, which is a consultative process within the Caribbean to discuss migration issues. I'll read it to you. There are many issues surrounding the need for SIDS. SIDS is more like the islands development states, which are particularly vulnerable to external shocks to recover their tourism sector. To what extent is the tourism sector dependent on recruitment and the need of improving their ethical recruitment practices? Anyone in particular who feels interested in this topic, just for you to know, we are trying to launch Iris, the tool of IOM in a number of Caribbean states and also in Central America, because specifically we have been contacted by several government institutions screaming for help because of the kind of exploitation, abuse and general abuse that is suffered by migrant workers is very evident. So I was wondering if maybe David or Bob would like to have anything to say, David. Was it did you mention the tourism sector? Yes, it's specifically tourism, whether it's so dependent on recruitment and in need of improving the ethical recruitment practices. Right. Well, so a lot more work needs to be done. Our organization, the Interface Center on Port Responsibility and this investor alliance initiative that we launched has really focused on sex and labor trafficking in the travel and tourism sector. So we meet with a lot of publicly traded companies that are in the airline sector, the 12 largest hotel chains in the world. And of course, they've been hit really hard by closures, etc. But I think for us, we look for local partners. So this would be something to pursue from this to see what the situation is. But I think recruitment is one of the pieces. Often when we're thinking about the hotel sector, you know, the sex trafficking, which is very much there, you know, kind of forgets that labor is being trafficked into a number of restaurants and hotels and in the, you know, a lot of the workers in the sites. There is about a year and a half ago at the global forum of the leadership group for responsible recruitment and the consumer goods forum, the International Tourism Partnership that has about 12 or 13 of the major hotel chains as members have done a deep dive into trafficking, including affirming the employer pays principle and really working with other sectors. A lot of work has been done in the Gulf, but I do feel like there's a need to really zero in on that sector as well. And maybe through IOM's work and investors, there can be a strategy. Because right now it's been, I mean, it's been appalling.  So I think their strategies as we move forward and, you know, to maybe a new normal, there can be a real focus on the hotel sector because tourism is huge in so many economies and we have to do it right. So I think it's a need for a collaborative effort. And I would definitely bring in the International Tourism Partnership. Thank you very much, David, for this. I know that I've seen some WhatsApp exchanges as well. And I know that some other colleagues are preparing questions. But in the meantime, I know I actually see that we have hit on to the time limit. But I wonder whether I could just sneak in a quick question that has always burned into my mind, especially working on the promotion of virus throughout this area and in Canada and the US. Some of the challenges that we encounter while providing support to governments, recruitment agencies and employers in Canada and the US is to convince the small businesses, the small to medium enterprises that, of course, cannot rely on, you know, big shoulders and so who are quite scared, to be honest. So they come to us saying, look, you know, this is really interesting, but we're really scared of losing the business. Any recommendation that you could give us there? I mean, this is a question that could be for Mike, Bob or David, I suppose. I don't know, whoever wants to go ahead. I guess I can try.  Yeah, sure. We have suppliers or agents that are transparent about what's going on. That's really what we want, you know, understanding challenges, even if they aren't going to get an A passing grade, you know, if they were chosen as a supplier to us for other reasons, we want to work with them to make them ethical and put in the right practices. So what we really look for very quickly is a commitment to change. Are they willing to commit to adjust? Because we all know eventually, quote, the truth comes out, right? As the more people look at things, it's just going to come out. And now is not a bad time, I don't think, to be kind of sharing your business model and what might have been OK in the past. That was OK then, right? We were all kind of in that same space together. Now is a bit of, I don't know, maybe amnesties is too strong of a word, but, you know, a period where which you can kind of bring these issues out and say, OK, hey, I realize this is my business model, but I'm willing to change. How do we go about that in a way that allows me to continue on and make lives better for people? And I think you will find many larger companies be supportive of that because finding good suppliers is hard work. Very good way to put it. Thank you, Mike. Please, Bob. No, I was going to echo. I think that there is a good understanding and awareness, eyes wide open that this is going to be a process and not an event over time, especially with smaller lower margin businesses. But the first step, again, is establishing the reality that we want on the ground, educating those smaller suppliers and working directly with them to build a path towards ethical recruitment and employment. There's no other way about this. Otherwise, we're just we're aiding in a bed, you know, dead bondage, right? And so this is a time to not shy away from it, but look for a path through it. This is very interesting. I will definitely keep this in mind to put in a good words for small to medium enterprises, whenever we encounter them on our pathways. Well, thank you very much. David, I can see it now. Yes, I mean, there's one specific piece here that that comes to mind on your question. And that is because of the the apparel sector being hit so hard and particularly starting in Bangladesh, the international organization, employers, the ILO, you know, ITUC and about 11 companies, European and US apparel companies, signed this call to action around COVID-19 and to raise money for the small business suppliers as well as workers and work with the IFC and the World Bank and reach out. And, you know, one of the things that's happened recently, just within the last four or five days is the EU has pledged one hundred and thirty one million dollars to to Bangladesh and the garment sector. And that, I think, is a beginning that it's not one country because it's it's global and that the fund is global, but to see the trade unions, the employers, you know, a number of brands and retailers stepping up and signing this call, I think is positive. We need to see more evidence, but they're certainly working together. And who does who does it benefit? And it really benefits in very small business who are businesses who are suppliers to some of the large apparel brands as well as to the workers. So we can figure out ways and the resources may not appear to be there, but we need to find a way to get it to where they're needed. Very convincing point, Davie. Thank you for adding this in. I realize that we are eight minutes over the allowed time. I can see that there is an extra. No, it's a comment really that is coming from a colleague in Mexico. And she's recommending to share the Montreal recommendations on recruitment with a counterpart. At the Ministry of Labour, actually, we have already shared that document, but unfortunately, it is still in English. So we'll make sure to translate it into Spanish because we know that in our region, if a document is not in Spanish, it's read by a very little minority of people. Despite the fact that a lot of people actually speak English, they still understandably so prefer to read it in Spanish. All right, I will then call it today. I would like to thank all our distinguished panellists for first of all, accepting our invitation to this panel and for so eloquently explaining and well, presenting various very specific examples of challenges and recommendations and recommended action that can be taken and they should be taken as a way to deal with indeed the fear of exposing themselves or the fear of identifying risk, exploitation, but in order indeed to change what we have at the moment and especially during this challenging time of COVID. I'm hoping that the participants have retained some of the important issues that have been discussed over here. We want to remind participants that we remain available on our emails, especially at IOM, to be able to take further questions or clarification that would be needed. I'll tap my email in the chat and wishing you all a very, very good rest of the week and thanks again for participating. It was lovely meeting you all. Thank you so much. My pleasure. Thank you. Take care.


The Utah Data Center is a building that the NSA has been constructing for a number of years to store the data that they're collecting. From what we can tell, this thing is enormous. It is over a million square feet, 100,000 of which are going to be data center storage facilities. The Snowden documents that came out last summer showed that the NSA is sucking up millions of phone records of Americans who aren't suspected of any crime. They're also vacuuming up the internet communications of people all over the world. And this has added to a trove of data we've been collecting over the years. Other whistleblowers who have come forward, people like Bill Binney, Thomas Drake, and Mark Klein, all of whom have said that the NSA is surveilling far more information than we, the public, were led to believe. They've built it. They intend to use it. They're trying to use it. They're having a difficult time using it. The Wall Street Journal reported last fall that they were experiencing meltdowns. We know they need a lot of water. It's this big eyesore in the desert in this small community that tells us, look, we are here and we are collecting information on you, whether you want us to or not. Greenpeace is a big part of what we're doing when we do our protests or our direct actions is to bear witness. Bearing witness to the crimes that are going on or the things we need to change. The protest that we're planning right now is to really draw attention to this exists. We are launching an airship over the NSA data center with a big banner. It's what's called a hotter airship, so it's kind of a hybrid between a hotter balloon and a blimp. So it's going to Salt Lake City. It's going to be flying above the NSA data center just south of Salt Lake City. We felt like this was a way to showcase the palpable realities of surveillance gone awry, of government that's just completely out of touch. Standing against spying.org, isn't it right? Yep. This action has weeks of planning beforehand. We have to come up with the design, we have to build the banner, and then we have to physically drive the airship out to Utah. There's so many unknowns here. First of all, is the weather going to cooperate? It's going to be very cold. It's going to be very early in the morning. It's going to be physically difficult. Load up and out. We really only have one chance to get this right. Unfortunately, Greenpeace has experienced firsthand the targeting by governments to try to stop our protest activity. The most extreme example is what happened with the first Rainbow Warrior. When it was tracked by the French government and bombed in New Zealand and cost the life of one of our photographers there. All right, so let's go ahead and pull this out. We're going to pull this out and then pull it off to that side. It shows the extent that protest groups are often targeted by governments. Warrantless surveillance has been used to infiltrate dissidents, protestors for years. Anti-war protesters, the people at antiwar.com found out that they've been under surveillance for many, many years. In other words, if you oppose the policies of the state, you could be a target and who knows how they'll use that information. Now my honor to sign into law the USA Patriot Act of 2001. The Patriot Act was passed right after 9-11. America was shell shocked. We passed it with almost no debate. And to this day, we're still coming to grips with how that fundamentally changed our democracy, how it gave the government brand new powers to engage in forms of surveillance that had never existed before. Now we're more than 10 years after the Patriot Act was signed into law. And today we have this enormous facility being created in Utah, shrouded in secrecy. It's become almost a symbol of everything that's wrong with what the NSA is doing.  It's government completely out of touch with what the American people want. We'll be ready to go here in just a couple minutes. Protesting by flying our airship over this facility is one small way we can help draw attention to this. If we don't fight for these rights, we can expect to lose them. And the politicians need to feel that this is the political liability. The president needs to hear this. Other world leaders need to hear this. We're never going to have another chance like this. As everyone from the very far left to the very far right saying that this doesn't make any sense, we actually need to stop dragnet surveillance of our communications. It's bad for business. It's bad for civil liberties. When we think about the National Security Agency, we now know that they've spent years watching us, watching everything we do online, watching all of the telephone calls we make. And this action says we're watching you too. We've got our eyes trained on you. If we want to live in a democracy, we ought to be able to know what our government is doing and have some say in it. This is a way of putting the Constitution back in the hands of the people and saying we're going to fight for this. Privacy watchdogs took the skies over Bluffdale today. Activists called attention to a secret place. 100-year-old plus technology hovered above the new secretive NSA data center. A blimp with a large sign saying illegal spying below.


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I would dearest viewers from across the globe, our most sincere and heartfelt congratulations to each and every one of you, As-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullah, wabarakatuh and welcome to Iman Hussein TV3 from our London studio where we actually have sun in London which makes a lovely change and it's quite a coincidence as we celebrate three of the sons of Islamic history, none other than Imam al-Sajjad Sayyid al-Sajj Deen, Sayyid al-Shuhada Imam al-Hussein and his noble and most loyal brother Abu Fadal al-Abbas alayhim, As-salamu alayhim, As-salamu alayhim. Alhamdulillah, I am overjoyed to be joined by three esteemed guests, Sayyid al-Haydar, Abu Shahbaz al-Murad al-Aadhim, we welcome you all, As-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullah. Our dearest viewers, smiles are on the faces of the Shia on this month, we're eagerly anticipating the holy month of Allah SWT, but in order to prepare for this our spiritual awakening is shaken by the celebration of the birth of these lions of Karbala, of these heroes of Islam and insha'Allah today our goal is very simple, between us we want to melt the hearts of the believers, we want to melt the hearts of our brothers and sisters insha'Allah, but insha'Allah most importantly to serve and to bring a smile to the face off our day away to say may Allah hasten his reappearance as we sing the praises and speak of the praises of these incredible men and I start with any one of you, pick one of them and that will be the start of the show insha'Allah. All three, two Imams, and we can even refer to Hazrat Abbas al-Islam as Imam Abbas, if those who have been to Karbala and know the Iraqis refer to him as Imam Abbas, not in the sense of Imam from the twelve Imams, but one of the saddest things that I feel when there's a big injustice to Hazrat Abbas al-Islam is we've always been told about his valour, his strength, how courageous he was and there's no doubt in that, he was the son of Ali ibn Abu Talib al-Islam and that was one of his great abilities, but he was also highly knowledged, his talimat was from Imam Ali al-Islam himself, Imam Hassan al-Islam, Imam Hussein al-Islam, I don't think you'll find anybody in this world who's had three Imams as his teacher, so there is no doubt about it that the knowledge of Hazrat Abbas al-Islam was beyond the level we can even contemplate, but unfortunately some of our lecturers, they don't give justice to this and I think for our youth especially, it's something you have to look into. I remember reading a Qutbah quite recently about when Hazrat Abbas al-Islam, and we know he was very powerful, not only in war but even in speech and when they were in Mecca, Hazrat Abbas al-Islam got on top of the Kaaba and I clarified with some sheikhs and well-learned scholars if this Qutbah was actually real, one of the things he says in the Qutbah, he goes, this house only has value because my father, no, because his father, look how Hazrat Abbas speaks, look at the respect level, he doesn't say my father, he says his father referring to Imam His father was born in it, that was the power of his speech, so it's something that we should always understand that Hazrat Abbas al-Islam wasn't just a bloodthirsty barbaric sword-flying killer of enemies, he was a great warrior, scholar, I'm sure had there been a time where he would have had to answer a question, he would have done it just as well as any Imam would have and that was something that we don't give him credit for. And of course when we remember our father, we must remember Umm Al-Bani, salamu alayhi alayhi, our Queen and our inspiration to men and women regardless of Qala and of eviction for Ali Muhammad, of course. And I love her loyalty towards the Adil Bayt, because when she got the news of Qalbala, she didn't ask about her own sons, she asked about Imam Hussain and even though going through each of our sons one by one, until getting to Abu Fadr al-Abbas, which is one of her favorite sons, she still didn't, you know, she didn't break as much as she did when she found out about Imam Hussain. And you know, we cannot blame such an amazing being such as Abu Fadr al-Abbas when he comes from a mother so strong and so much so filled with the love of Amir al-Mu'minin, Imam Hussain and stuff like that. She came in and said, don't call me by my name. I said, well, I don't remind them, you know what I said? Absolutely, right-hader there said, because we know the al-Bait because we were taught by our parents. Hazr Tabas, alayhi salam, it was his mother that installed and instilled that love, that loyalty, yes, in him because a mother plays a very important role in Islam.  We have Bibi Fatima Sayyeda, Salamu alayya, we have Bibi Zaynab, alayhi salam. Even there's no justification to Omey Kulthum sometimes. We completely forget Omey Allah's peace and blessings be upon her. She did as many struggles as anybody in Islam and our women in Islam have given as much as the men. And we recognize this, alhamdulillah, on a great deal. And this is because a mother plays a very, very big role as well. And I wouldn't love the al-Bait the way I do. If it wasn't for my mother teaching me that, my children wouldn't have that because I couldn't do that to my children. I can only play a certain role. So a great deal of credit goes to Umul Benin for how Hazr Tabas and how his brothers were. Of course. They were all equal in love for the al-Bait. Adding to that about Hazr Tabas, alayhi salam, there was once an older poet and he said that everybody in this dunya asks through Imam Ali, alayhi salam, you ask for risk, you ask for him. You ask for children, you ask for him. Everything, even when he was alive, people used to come through him. Yet if there was one thing that Imam Ali, alayhi salam, asked for, that was Abu Fathal al-Abbas. Ahsan, ahsan, beautiful. Ahsan, Salwat, insha'Allah. Salawat, insha'Allah. And of course, we remember another hero of Karbala, though maybe not with the sword, but thereafter with his tongue and his eloquence, none other than Imam al-Sajjad, alayhi salam, and it's with Imam Hussain, usually when we think of that name immediately, we think Karbala, Karbala. When we think of Abu Fathal, we usually think straight away, Karbala, Karbala. With Imam al-Sajjad, we do tend to divide his life into two parts, kind of Karbala and post Karbala. And there is naturally the one text that we go to whenever we think about him is the Treaties of Rights, Rasala Salah al-Hukuk, which we'll talk a little about later. But just that title, if we may, just for a moment, Sayyid al-Sajjadin, Sayyid al-Sajjadin, the jewel or the pearl of the worshippers. I mean, that's a level, you know? It is, it definitely is. Well, worshipping Allah, as one of our ta'ala, is the greatest thing we can do. And none of us could ever relate or even understand what his eminence went through. Of course. And he found solace and peace in prostrating to Allah. He has did all the imams. And we've read many hadith where, and I'm sure people have heard, where they had to shave the calluses of his head due to the amount of Sajjudah he used to do. Because it was nearness to Allah, Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. They got him through those difficult times. And we should remember that these are examples for us. These are examples. Our imams went through these trials and tribulations to leave examples for us. When you are going through a hard time, when you do feel that the world is, you know, dissipating around you, things are falling through, I'm a man with a lot of experience. Find solace in God, do your Sajjud, go get close to Allah, go into Sajjud, speak to your Lord, yes? Because our imam taught us that. And we mustn't forget their teachings. It's, of course, we must never forget Karbala. But there's no point only remembering Karbala. If we forget Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, then we're actually, our imams will be very upset with us. Of course, of course. Imam Sajjad played a massive role actually in Karbala, and after Karbala. You know, Imam Sajjad, during Karbala, you know, there was a reason why he was, he wasn't able to fight. And there was a reason why, you know, he was ill during those, during that event. And this is not just like a coincidence. Oh, he's all know that Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala has bestowed this on him. Why? Because he has a much more important duty after Karbala, and that's maintaining. Because, okay, they saved the name of Islam. But at the end of the day, everyone that was in Karbala has passed away, all the men, anything. So they need it. Imam Sajjad had one of the most important jobs out of our imams. Because, and that's maintaining the message of Rasulullah, and not letting it slip. And Subhanallah Imam Sajjad done it, and we live through it. If I can add something there, there's when after Karbala, when Imam Sajjad, alaihi s-salam, was in Medina, and Yazid had ram-sat, the balloon. He'd completely tried to destroy the carbon. Yeah. But at a later stage, Imam Sajjad, alaihi s-salam, he was taking rice on his back, and he was dropping outside people's houses who were hungry. And some viewers may have heard this tradition and narration. And one of his Sahaba turn around and said, oh Imam, this is the Umayyads. He said, they are hungry. Whether they accept me as their Imam, or they don't accept me as their Imam, I am their Imam. This is my responsibility. I mean, imagine giving food to the people or the people who are responsible for it. But this is what the difference is between, this is why they are infallible. This is why we don't understand sometimes, we say infallible, we think, what's infallible? You know, okay, they didn't come to sin. Understand what infallible is. It's not just a simple concept. There's a hadith, I just wanna narrate on the back of that, actually. So Imam Al-Baqir, alaihi s-salam, of course, Imam Sajjad's son, he says, verily, he, referring to Imam Sajjad, verily, he used to provide for 100 households from among the poor of Medina. He liked for the orphans, the needy, the disabled, the poor, and the destitute to be present at his food spreads. He served them with his own hands. And if anyone among them had a family, he used to take the food to their household. He never ate any food, but that he first gave charity from it. And we're saying this is coming from Imam Al-Baqir, alaihi s-salam.  And he's saying, just that last bit, he never ate any food. So no bite of any food, but that he first gave charity from it. And that is Al-Muhammad, if you could have a summary. It's incredible. Viewers, Alhamdulillah, with our guests, we've got a mixture of incredible voices, but also lyricists, and that's definitely not myself. That's the three around me. And during this program, insha'Allah, they'll be delivering lines of poetry to heighten your emotion in praise and in memory and enjoy a celebration of these infallible personalities. And there is that famous narration, kind of looking at the opposite of it, where it says anyone who writes a bait of poetry, a cup of poetry, and makes the individuals cry, then paradise is their haven, and it goes through a descending amount of numbers, and so even if it's just one, and if they're sad, then you'll still enter paradise. So insha'Allah, I leave the floor open to you guys, as and when you feel right to read out some of your poetry, insha'Allah. I will start off with a very, I'll start off, I'll start off the poetry, if you allow me, with something very short, but very to the point. And this is a poem of honour to Imam Hussein. To Imam Hussein, it's four lines, and it's, I will try and explain it after I read the poetry, what I'm trying to say in the last one. Insha'Allah. O Hussein, you fought the tyrants and their oppression. O Hussein, you fought the tyrants and their oppression. O Hussein, you taught us defence against aggression. O Hussein, you taught us defence against aggression. Against an umayyad onslaught of arrogance and transgression.  O Allah. When I say Islam's every generation, Islam didn't start with Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. Islam started with Adam. Ahsad.  Had Imam Hussein and Islam not given his head in that sacrifice, then every generation of Islam would have been destroyed from Adam to Noah to Moses as the English words after these prophets, Jesus or Issa. So understand what Imam Hussein and Islam actually did. A hero, a hero, a saviour. Well, I'll do anything for us, insha'Allah. Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. As you guys may know, my path into reciting was inspired very much so by my teacher, Ustad Siftajafir, who was killed by the enemies of the Ahl al-Bayt, may peace be upon him, in Qalaji a couple of years ago. So in his memory and to bless the sawab of his words, I want to recite some of his words to you guys. And insha'Allah, I understand that a lot of people who are watching are people who understand English. So I'll try and give you a brief sort of outline of what the poet is trying to say so that everybody can get an idea of how powerful his message is. Unfortunately, I can't do all the words justice in English, but I will definitely give it a try. Insha'Allah. Allahumma salli ala Muhammad wa aali Muhammad. So in these words, something we call a radif, which is the last line of a poem and that can be the subject of what he's trying to say. So he says, that it is alive through your name, right? That's his basis of his poetry. So I'll recite all the poetry, just a couple of verses, and as I go along, I'll explain them in English to all of us so that we can all benefit from this great, great man's words. Let's remember his soul with the loud salawat. Allahumma salli ala Muhammad wa aali Muhammad. Shabir yassab dunya tere naam se zinda haa Shabir yassab dunya tere naam se zinda haa Yeh din Muhammad ka tere naam se zinda haa He says, Shabir is a term in Punjabi that's used for Imam Hussain Ali Muhammad salli ala Muhammad. And he says, Shabir yassab dunya. Shabir, this whole world is alive through your name. I would say what I say in the universe. Shabir yassab dunya tere naam se zinda haa Yeh din Muhammad ka tere naam se zinda haa This religion of Muhammad is alive through your name. And then he says, Allah kabhi kalma tere naam se zinda haa Allah's kalma is alive through your name. Then he says, Haali haa zamane mein tawheed ki tanwee rahe Goon ji haa tere damse Kaun naane mein takwee rahe Haake se paainda tere naam se zinda haa He says that in this world the light of tawheed spread through your name. Goon ji haa tere damse kaun naane mein takwee rahe And the echoes of takweed were heard around the world through your name. Allah kabhi kalma. And Haake is in connection with you. Tere naam se zinda haa, alive through your name. I'll just go through a last verse so that my other respected reciters will get a chance to recite as well. And this is when he's referring to himself as to how much Imam Hussain alaihi sallam had actually blessed him. Shabbir ka marisiya khabhi, Shabbir ka shair bhi. Shabbir ka marisiya khabhi, Shabbir ka shair bhi. Pahchaan yehi hai zamane mein ab sabte jaa fari ki. Sad shukr tera banda tere naam se zinda haa. He says that someone who recites the marisiya or lamentation of Imam Hussain alaihi sallam is called a marisiya khan. Nauha khan, Kasidla khan, marisiya khan. He says Shabbir ka marisiya khan bhi, Shabbir ka shair bhi. He says I am the reciter of Shabbir's marisiya and I'm also a poet of Imam Hussain alaihi sallam. And he says, Pahchaan yehi hai zamane mein ab sabte jaa fari ki. That sabte jaa fari in the whole world is realized through this, through his poetry and through reciting his marisiya. And then he says, hundreds and thousands of shukr to Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala. Tere naam se zinda haa, I am alive through your name. Ahsant, Salawat ala Muhammad. Allahumma salli ala, Muhammad wa ala Muhammad. And the viewers for those of you who are, who have not familiar with Shaheed, Subtijat from May Allah bless his soul eternally, please do YouTube him. There's many different legends out there in this world have taken the time to actually translate his work and subtitle it on YouTube. And there's a very famous piece that he writes about the arrival of Imam Al-Qa'im, Al-Faruj Al-Sharif. I really, really recommend you guys to try and listen to it, insha'Allah. And may Allah bless you. So, thank you brother Al-Qa'im, As-Sentil. I'm in love with our beliefs. Sometimes I actually sit back and actually think to myself that we have so much detail in our belief that no other religion has. Okay, so this is a nice little poem from Luli Sardar. And I'm not going to say too much of it, you'll catch on as I'm going, insha'Allah. It's called, I'm in love. Her taste is sweeter than water The thought of her absence destroys me And her name is Karbala Her scent it throws me off balance As it weaves around her figure She teases and plays with my heart It grows in me her loving nature Comfort within me Every night I slept Upon her suns in Karbala I'm lost when I'm lost in her Through minds of her sun Just as my heart it sleeps Through her Each day I spend on her Desert my heart dipped in her dark So she becomes imprinted on me Till my blood is Karbala Insha'Allah I'm love day Lost two domes fixed on my pupil So that I see them wherever Time itself becomes meaningless Infinite forever And I follow her So entrance that All roads leads to Karbala Just on that point, as you spoke about Karbala, which is where we know both Imam Hussein and Hazrat Abbas are both buried. When I went to Karbala a few years ago, I was sitting on a rooftop of a hotel and Murtaza Karbalayi. Oh, I remember the story. Yeah, you told me. He came upstairs, very respectful boy and very beautiful boy. And he said to me, he said, he said, uncle, do you not think Karbala is heaven? And I actually said to him, no, it's not heaven. And he was in a bit of shock. And I said, he's greater than heaven. And then this poem came to me and I think you've heard this and they really loves it. And it goes like this. How do you call Karbala heaven heaven itself succumbilates pain of Haramain? Allah. Heaven itself succumbilates pain of Haramain. How do you call Karbala heaven when heaven itself waits for its door to be opened by Abbas and Hussein? To be opened by Abbas and Hussein. How do you call Karbala heaven when heaven itself is created from Karbala's dust and its every grain? Karbala is not heaven. It's greatness better. Heaven waits for Karbala. It's quesant. Quesant means quiet. Heaven waits for Karbala. It's quesant without Karbala. Heaven is stateless. Heaven is station but Karbala is omnipresent. Karbala the kibla before any creation. Because had Allah not created Karbala then there was no point of creating creation. Karbala the kibla before any creation. Karbala the soul of heaven's foundation. Karbala itself gives heaven a donation for Karbala heaven itself has an admiration. Karbala the giver and heaven the peasant. Because Karbala gave heaven Imam Hussein. So Karbala the given heaven the peasant. Karbala the galaxy heaven its moon and crescent. Karbala gives heaven its aroma its essence. Without Karbala heaven is evanescence. Evanescence means it could evaporate and just disappear. With Karbala heaven wants an association. With Karbala heaven wants an association. With Karbala heaven wishes a had bifurcation which is a joining of two branches. Karbala gave to heaven its coronation. Not the Quran Karbala is heaven's recitation. Karbala is where one finds heaven's registration. If you don't go to Karbala you can't go there. Karbala is where one finds heaven's registration. Karbala no choice but heaven's obligation. Karbala the reality heaven the innovation. Because we go to Karbala we see Karbala to me heaven is an innovation. Karbala is reality. Karbala the reality heaven is innovation. To Karbala heaven itself eternally in prostration. Karbala is not heaven it's the element that gives heaven its essence. Do not call Karbala heaven. Heaven is matter. Karbala is quintessence. Quintessence is the sixth element which everything heaven is made out. I love these kind of poems that has like a little punch to it. Because in Arabic as well I don't know if they're called metaphors or not. But in Arabic we have something like that as well. So there's a very short one I'll translate as I'm going. So it goes. Not only Najaf he has a mazar. Ali even in a Ka'ba we can see him.   So these kind of poems are beautiful. Amazing, really amazing. This is the power of poetry and this is why our emma they love poetry so much because it delivers a message in its own very unique way. It's a tool. It captures the mind.  You can start googling to get your tickets towards Karbala inshallah and to Najaf. But we'll see you in a few minutes to continue our celebration. Asalaamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhu. Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem our dearest viewers. Welcome back asalaamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhu. We are continuing our festivities in this epic month of Sha'ban where we celebrate the birth anniversaries of three legends in our life. None other than Imam al-Hussain, Imam al-Sajjad and Abu Fadil al-Alihim Mu'afdal al-Salati was-salaam. And to welcome you back inshallah your hearts are still quite warm from what we were previously going through. I just want to give you a hadith from Kamal al-Ziyarah about the Qabr of Imam Hussain al-Salaam. And this comes from our Holy Sikh Imam Imam al-Sadi al-Salaam the grandson of Imam Hussain where he says Allah has dedicated 4,000 angels to the grave of Hussain al-Salaam. 4,000 who were disheveled and covered with dust who cry over him and will continue to do so until the day of judgment. And he goes on, Imam al-Salaam. He says these angels will accompany those who go to the Ziyarah of Hussain al-Salaam while knowing his rights until they arrive at the safe haven. And if they become ill, the angels will visit them every morning and every evening. And when they die, and when they die, this is the promise of Ahmad al-Alihim.  And when they die, the visit of Aba Abdullah and when they die, the angels will attend their funerals and seek forgiveness for them until the day of judgment. Such is the status and the maqam of Aba Abdullah al-Hussain. And such is his nearness to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. I don't know if it's in the hadith that the head angel's name is Mansour. The head angel who is in charge of all the angels in the shrine, in the dome, they reside in the dome of Imam al-Salaam, his name is Mansour. So when you go there, not a lot of people know this, but you should say, Mansour, witness that I am one who has come to visit the master of all martyrs. Insha'Allah. Moving on with what you're talking about, the grave of Imam al-Salaam. In Punjabi, there's a term called, for example, Haid al-Jani, Abu Shahbaz Jani. As in, leave it between them. Abu Shahbaz knows and Haid al-Nuz, for example, Sayyid Haid al-Nuz, for example. So there's a Punjabi Qasidah that's recited universally and with so much pride and oomph in Pakistan in Punjabi and I'd like to recite that to you brothers. And insha'Allah I'll explain the words as we go along so that the viewers who are viewing in can benefit as well. Insha'Allah. It's the same way I mentioned that, the wadzah, So how does, and it goes through different stories and different narrations where it was the miracles, yeah, and history said, you know what, leave this between Allah and Imam Hussein. So it's like, it's poetic license, you know, it's allowed. We shouldn't be so hardcore. Haa, Rab jaanite Hussein jaanee, Rab jaanite Hussein jaanee, Rab jaanite Hussein jaanee, Rab jaanite Hussein jaanee, De ke tu idha wasta mang le dua, Rab jaanite Hussein jaanee, Rab jaanite Hussein jaanee, De ke tu idha wasta, Gif is wasta, De ke tu idha wasta mang le dua, Gif is wasta, make your dua, after that Hussein knows and Allah knows, Allah, yeah. Rab jaanite Hussein jaanee, and this refers to the time where Imam, the Prophet, was done, and Imam Hussein came on effect. Sent. So he says, it's referring to when the Prophet is in Sajdah and Imam Hussein al-Assalam is on his back. And he goes, it's many namazis, right? Don't be restless. Go in Sajdah, pray as much namaz as you need to. Don't be restless. Just pray as many Husayn gets you to pray today. Mostafa, Sajdah, Wadah, Qanda, Husayn says, Mostafa, Prolong your Sajdah. Mostafa, Prolong your Sajdah. Allah says, Rab-e-Janat-e-Husayn. Allah knows and Husayn knows. So in Pakistan, our tradition is narrated quite a lot. To be honest, I don't know the authenticity of it that much because it's not my field. But when he comes to Imam Hussein al-Assalam, and he says, Imam, Allah has not blessed me with any children, right? And I have a massive wish to have a son, right? It's a valid narration. Authenticated. So then I'll narrate that to you as well. Final verse. Please, please, please. So this was a Rahib as in a traveler who comes to Imam Hussein al-Assalam. And he says, Allah has not given me any children, has given me any sons. He says, In my fortune it's not written for me to have children, right? But Husayn means the cradle, right? He goes, he, how can I say? He rejuvenated the cradle of my house, right? So he asked for one child, Imam Hussein al-Assalam, granted him seven children. Allah. He gave me seven sons and he said, Go, Rab-ul-Janat. He made a dua. This was a Christian. And it's not a narration. He came to Imam Hussein, Imam Hussein al-Assalam, made a dua for him. Some tradition state is the same Christian priest who looked after his enemy. In addition to that, I think a lot of people sometimes try and use any option or any avenue they can to downgrade the state so that I can debate over him al-Assalam. Where they'll say, yeah, this is within our own faith. Where they'll say, yeah, Imam, you can't say Imam Hussein al-Assalam gave it to him because Allah swt gave it. There's no doubt in Allah swt gave it, but he gave it through Imam Hussein al-Assalam. If it wasn't for Imam Hussein al-Assalam, Allah swt wouldn't have given it. I'm going to quickly tell you a lovely tradition that will try and explain this to people and it's about Prophet Moses and I'll be very quick.  So Moses was going up the mountain. Then a lady said to him, I can't have children. Can you ask your God to bestow me children? So this guy was like an infidel and Moses was the prophet of God.  This woman asked that guy, can you ask God to give me a child?  Moses baffled, so he's going everywhere, so he's asking around, give me human flesh, nobody's giving it to him. So he sees that same guy and he says, Moses, why are you upset? He goes, because God has asked me for human flesh and no one's giving him human flesh. He said give me the knife, cut his flesh off, puts it in a plate. Moses goes up to the mountain, he gives God the human flesh. A little while later, the woman has a child. Moses says, oh, maybe it's my prayer. She goes, no, you prayed for a long time but I asked this guy. So Moses has gone in a strong. He said, God, I'm your prophet. This guy asked me, he doesn't even believe in you properly. He goes, Moses, I asked you for flesh, did you think of giving me your own? This man gave me his.  When he gave everything, of course, and going on from that, there's a poem I have because it's not only Imam Hussein al-Islam. Many of us go to the door of Abu Fadala. And this is a poem which involves some of my real life experience. Yes, the poem is strong but poetic license as well. And the poem is called Kaaf Noon. I love this one. One of my favourites. O Zainab's God and Ali's Pride. O Zainab's God and Ali's Pride, they call you not an Imam but Babel Hawaii. They call you not an Imam but Babel Hawaii. I ask how every wish do you fulfil? Because nobody comes back empty handed. You go with a clean heart to Abu Fadala. Yes, you won't come back empty handed. I ask how every wish do you fulfil? Do you have the power of being at will? Do you have the power of being at will? Because I got something which I shouldn't have got. I come to Karbala and I stand at your shrine. I close my eyes looking for a sign. I see a vision, the name of us and it spreads its wings. I swear I am blinded, brighter than shibrails that shine. And then I see the wishes waiting to be fulfilled, standing line after line. Wish after wish after wish, standing line after line. And then as these wings spread around me a wind like a monsoon, because I felt something, I realised as I looked, not only is this a bus, this is the Hashemite moon. This is the Hashemite moon. I know how he fulfills every wish. I know how he fulfills every wish, because as he opens his wing on when I see calf on the other noon. When I see calf on the other noon. To some the revelation is cool, cool, cool ending with nas. To some the revelation is cool, cool, cool ending with nas. To me it's Ali Fatima Hasnain and Abbas. I think it's, you know, when we try and understand why, like why has this man got such a status? It's because of his servitude to a man who had an even greater status and you know, when we try and give like, you know, very simple, simple ahadif to youngsters and still even to us as adults, I was about to say elders, I don't think we're there yet. You know, us as adults, there are some that really kind of touch the heart in a very delicate way and I just want to share one with you, insha'Allah, which comes regarding Imam Hussein, alaihi s-salam, where, and it's a very famous narration where the Prophet, sallallahu alaihi wa sallam, was carrying Imam Hussein alaihi s-salam on his shoulders. So similar to when the Prophet was praying and Imam Hussein was on his back, that was a regular type thing, they had that such grandson, grandfather type playfulness between them and it's, it gets that Imam Hussein more to him than just caravan. Here he is in his childhood. So the Prophet's carrying Imam Hussein on his shoulders as his, you know, grandchild in that love and this man says to him, what a good ride you've mounted on, son. Talking to Imam Hussein, what a good ride you've got. You've got yourself the Prophet, what a good ride to which the Prophet replies and says and what a good rider he is talking about Imam Hussein alaihi s-salam. It's just that love and cheek between the two that this is the Prophet, you know, this isn't some round, this is the Prophet playing with Imam Hussein in such a kind way, kissing him on his cheek, holding him on his shoulders and it's no surprise then when you see a man who serves and gives all to defend.  Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam. Do you know a lot of times I tell people when we're talking within ourselves, especially within our families and with the Mu'minin, sometimes we're very hostile and harsh towards somebody else. If you actually look at the way that Ahlul Bayt alaihi s-salam is to talk to each other, right, if you look, some day if you get the chance to read the translation of Hadith al-Qasr and how the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam talks to his and when he refers to Imam Hussein alaihi s-salam he says, all the north of my eyes. Yeah. And when they refer to him, he says, all the Nabi of Allah s.w.t. You know, that love, respect and love and it was both ways. That they had for each other for their fellow Mu'minin, for the fellow followers of Ahlul Bayt alaihi s-salam are we sometimes guilty of going against that in our own actions? All comes down to love and this is a quick poem about love and the love of Imam Hussein. What is love, they ask? Love itself. We all say love is an emotion, yes? Love itself, love is who installed love in my heart. Imam Hussein installed love in my heart. Love itself, loves who you installed love in my heart is Ussein who has gained the heart of love itself. Is Ussein who is gained the heart of love itself. His love is an intoxication of pain yet it pleasures my soul. It's an intoxication of pain yet it pleasures my soul. Love is an unknown treasure worth more than all the diamonds and all the gold. His love is not my right nor my due, for I may be a sinner. We're all sinners. I may be a sinner, but my love for sure is true. I love He who is the gravity of love. The more I get closer, the more I cannot get enough. I'm sure everybody will say, every time you go to Karbala, when you come back, you wish you never came back. You want to go again and again and again and the closer the older you get. The more I get closer, the more I cannot get enough. And then I say, oh, what an intoxication. People have alcohol as intoxication. That's not an intoxication. That's mine now. This is heaven intoxication. Or what an intoxication? Keep filling my heart with His name for He is the Alexia of love. But this month, Subhanallah, we have one month where there are so many blessings, you know. Alaykum As-Salamu Alaykum. Alaykum Alaykum. Exactly. So there is a nice poem, again by Nuri. And this one, I recited a few years ago in Karbala. I'm also on MSN TV. So every time I look I always bring back memories. I've been Shaaban in Iraq and the atmosphere is amazing. Like you see in Al-Ba'in when you go home, the atmosphere is sad, everyone's there.  Now Shaaban is exactly the same thing. It's packed. But it's different. But it's different. It's more of a happy mood. Joyous, yeah. Exactly, a joyous mood. And the energy that you get from everyone. Look, subhanAllah, you know, it's absolutely beautiful. So this is, this is a small poem. Please, please. This is Karbala's month. Hussein born on the third. Born on the fourth. The moon. The fifth. Imam al-Sajjad. This month, Karbala glows. In all of its heroes. Abu Sajjad's, Sajjad, Hussein and his brother. Two sons and a moon this month like no other. Welcomes Shaaban, Karbala. Lit up in pride and honor. For its loved ones, she leaves in awe. Each lover, each man wants to be with her. And she listens. She decorates her wonders. On her beauty, men ponder. Her sand sweetens. She perfumes each visitor. Leaving the heart so tender. For three lions. And it's actually very true now. When you go to Karbala, no matter, you know, all of us are nowhere near the feet of the infallibles. And their akhlaq and their patience. I mean, look, Sayyid al-Zaynab has the mind infallibility. And why was she blessed with this? It's because of her patience and what she offered to Islam. She practically saved Islam. And this is what, this was a blessing from Allah swt. Knowing that Sayyid al-Zaynab has that pride inside her. And yet again, unfortunately, there is not one lecture. I don't think I've heard only one main woman, one or two, three lectures that I've heard, given the biography of Sayyid al-Zaynab and who she is. Now, people, a lot of people actually don't understand that Sayyid al-Zaynab was, what Zaynab means, Zina Tabiha. She's the decorations of her father, of her father. She's the mirror reflection of her father. Now, when she was born, when Ali came, he said to father, Zahra, have you named her? Because you know, they have this, nowadays they fight.  No, he comes to me, father, Zahra, have you named her? He says, she says, how can I name her? And her father hasn't named her. And what does that mean only when he says, he goes, how can I name her? If Rasulullah hasn't named her, let's go to Rasulullah. We go to Rasulullah and we ask Rasulullah, we have, what are you going to name her? He said, how can I name her? If we have Allah SWT. And Jibril came down and said, name her Zaynab. This lady didn't only live in Karbala. Her beauty, her knowledge she passed down wasn't in Karbala. She had the knowledge of an Imam. Now Imam Hassan Askeri says that if you are not close, if the Imam of your time isn't available, if he's away or something like that, then ladies, go to his wife, go to his sister. Because they are as knowledgeable. Sayyid Zaynab, Amir al-Mu'mineen, in Kufa, or in Medina, when Amir al-Mu'mineen used to give lessons in the mosque, sayyid Zaynab used to give lessons inside the house. And seven days a week, one day it was the Quran, how to recite it, the second day. The third day is Aqai, the fourth day is Fiqh, the fifth day. It's crazy, this says Zaynab and no one actually, because there's not a person who's actually come out and given a whole one hour, hour-and-a-half lecture, because there is, you haven't heard it. There is a few, I've heard a few. There's not enough. There's not enough, of course not, no one is enough. I mean, sayyid Zaynab played a massive, massive role in our religion. I'm not saying there is no lectures, but there is, you know, it should be there in your face, everyone should know this. I think if we look at sayyid Zaynab, her sacrifices, her mother, her father, her brothers, her children, and what she saw in Sham, I think if you looked at one person, that she was a lady, but we would say, but the character, the strength of the strongest man that ever lived. Zaynab, simple as that. Zaynab, that's it. And insha'Allah, my dearest viewers, we leave you with this one hadith, insha'Allah, going towards Imam al-Sajjad, alayhim, as-salam, coming from the Prophet, when Nabi'Allah Muhammad, sallallahu alayhi wa alayhi wa sallam, says, on the day of judgment, a caller will call, where is the adornment of the worshippers? Where is sayyid al-Sajjad? Where is Zayn al-A'abideen? And it is as if I am looking at my son, Ali ibn al-Hussain, Ibn Ali ibn Abi Al-Qalib, emerging from between the rows. The words of Nabi'Allah Muhammad, off our dear beloved Imam, his birthday, they we celebrate amongst his father and his uncle. I thank our dear guest on behalf of all of our dear viewers, and may Allah SWT, insha'Allah, accept what little we have offered towards his immaculate servants, and may Allah grant us the intercession of them, fit dunya wa ala akhira. May Allah enlighten the graves of our Marhumim with their nur and scent into their graves, insha'Allah. And may Allah SWT hasten the reappearance of the one who will avenge the blood of al-Hussain and Karbala. Wassalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.