Ysgol yw'r rhaglen a gweld, mae'r ffordd a'r bwysig ar gyfer y newid yn ymgyrchol iawn. Rhyw hwnnw gynnwch ymwysig a'r gilydd i'r bwysig, yw'r ffordd, yw'r ffordd, a'r ffordd, yw'r bwysig am yw'r bwysig. Yr hwnnw'n gilydd i'r bwysig, yw'r bwysig am y gilydd i'r bwysig? Rhyw hwnnw'n gilydd i'r bwysig am y gilydd i'r bwysig. Mae'n byddio i wneud, dyna fel y cymdeinig, mae'r bomieith yma bod gyda'r ddau, ac mae'r cyflawn am ystafell, prefyniad, ac mae'n ddim yn herach, mae'n ddeni ar gyfer tîm o'r byd, byddai'n gyflawni gyflawni gyda y mae'n gyflawni Cymaint, a dyna Senau, Marysia Thomas Francis a'r ddawn i'r ddweud yma. Dwy 30 o gyflawni'n gyflawni geithredig awyr i'r ddweud. Mrs Sen Kwa is the secretary, so thank you for joining us here today. Thank you very much for having us. Thank you so much for this opportunity. You're very welcome. Now, as I said, around this time of year, because we normally have a little conversation about how we are seeking to get nominations for awards and such likes. But before we even get into that and talk in respect to how people can actually make nominations, tell us a little bit about the awards. When did they first come about and maybe even give us some insight into why the awards were first started? Well, good morning again. The awards started from sometime in 2000, an act was approved by parliament to recognise persons who have made significant contribution of national importance to Sen Lusia. The act was further amended in 2015, amendment number 18 of 2015, and the awards are concerned with the order Sen Lusia. It provides for the grant of awards to citizens of Sen Lusia and other persons for distinguished outstanding or meritorious service or achievements or for gallantry and related matters. The National Awards Committee of which we are part of comprises seven members, and I think it would be important to let you know the persons who are on that committee. We have our chairperson, Senator Mauricio Thomas Francis, and she was appointed by the Governor-General. The deputy chair is the chairperson of the Public and Teaching Service Commission, Mr Wilbert King. We have our commissioner of police, Mr Severin Moshery, and there are three persons who are represented by the public, appointed by the Governor-General, but represented by the public. And they are Mr Gregory Serju and Mrs Orissa Demboul-Bullen, and one on the advice of the leader of the position, and this is Mr Lezymond Daisy. The secretary was appointed on the advice of the prime minister. That's a little history about the awards themselves and such like, but how does one, in that case, tell us a little bit about how one can go about making a nomination? I know that's what we're really trying to do here right now, get people to nominate people they believe to be deserving, so how would I go about doing that? Thank you very much. Of course, this is the first in a series of road shows that we are undertaken to ensure that we sensitize the public as to what the awards are about, how to go about nominating someone for the awards, where they can find the nomination forms for submission. And in that regard, I'd like to state that nomination forms are on the government website. Madam Secretary, in a while, we'll give the details of that website and walk people through how to get to that. We also have forms at the various social organizations, the Rotary Club, Lions Club, Kiwanis at the banks, at the credit unions. We have nomination forms also at the town and village councils, government offices and what have you. So anyone can access a form and as well they can access a form from the prime minister's office through our secretary. So they can access the forms and the forms are very easy to navigate. The form provides information on the various categories of awards. So one has to be cognizant of that to select for the right category of award. And also it requires that one provides a sort of a CV or background on the person who has been nominated. Historically, we've received quite a few nominations and we have honored quite a few deserving solutions from various spheres of life. Persons who have gone over and above the call of duty to give selfless service and who have committed acts of bravery and what have you. What I want to state this morning categorically is that everyone who submits a nomination form will not qualify. However, we want to get as many qualified nominees as possible and this morning we are going to take some time to explain what constitutes a qualification or what qualifies one to win a nomination. A good nomination is one where, for example, it is not okay to say that somebody worked for 50 years in the public service or worked for 40 years in the banking sector and did X, Y and Z. It should not be where one itemized the duties that were performed which one got paid for. It should capture that however in addition and more importantly it should capture what did the individual do over and above the call of duty to create value. To create value selflessly, to add compassion to what was done, to add care, to reflect customer centricity. So it has to go over and above just itemizing the role that the person played because as you know when you're in a job you've been paid to do the job. So I don't think it necessarily requires one to get an award for doing a job that you were paid for. It has to be the additional value that was created and in submitting the nomination this must be reflected adequately such that a nomination can win. Okay, brilliant. Well I was going to ask you about the criteria but I mean you kind of touched on this. I mean if there's anything else you think people should know about the criteria at all? Okay, well in addition to what our chairperson has indicated, I just want to add a bit. The justification is important. For instance we have instances where someone may have pursued academic advancement and did extremely well. They've returned to the island and they have performed in their field very well but what have they done in that area that has national importance to Senwysha? Gone as Madam Chair said above and beyond to create that national importance and significant contribution to Senwysha. Now the forms actually should be submitted with the person's name, the information at the date of birth and so on. We need to ensure that the person who is making the nomination put in the name clearly legible because you cannot be wondering who submitted the nomination. The name must be legible on the form. It must be signed with received forms where the names are not there or it is signed that we cannot identify, I mean not identify the signature. And some persons have, although we have gone above and beyond indicating that we need a justification, people would normally put a CV, a touch a CV that is just not sufficient. I think especially at this time we are looking for some good nominations for our 40th. We'll be celebrating 40 years of independence. This is a significant milestone and it will be a privilege for someone receiving such an award to receive it in that year. So we are really looking for some awards, some nominations where when we award, we feel that we are doing a good job. We have awarded someone who merits consideration. Okay, brilliant. Okay, but we're just going to take a short break now. But when we come back, I just want to speak to you about even the youthful aspect. Because I remember last time I was speaking to you, you were talking about wanting more young people to maybe even nominate more young people as well. So when we come back, we'll discuss that. We'll be back in a moment. Thank you. Good morning, sir. Good morning. Good morning. Nice time, Bill. Yeah, thanks. How was your weekend? Same thing. I went to the beach, but to tell you the truth, I should have just stay home and sleep. I just feel like I need help with my future goal, but I just don't know where to start. I love my job, but I'm not as productive as I used to be. Maybe I should speak to a councillor. What should I do? But it's so expensive. It's not my business anymore. But look, it's not even listening to you. You work with the government of Zellucia, and the Ministry of the Public Services is offering free counselling to government workers under the Employee Assistance Programme. All in. Really? The Ministry is offering free counselling services for government workers? Yes, it's easier as calling the unit. The EAP telephone number 468-2269. Call in. If you have to pour out your heart, talk with a caring professional who is trained to listen to your deepest feelings. Call the EAP unit at 468-2269. EAP works. Let it work for you. Jo, you were saying something? Welcome back to Issues and Answers. I am Jolym Beset Joseph. Today we are talking to members of the National Awards Committee. We have the chairperson with us today and also the secretary. We are talking about nominations and the processes for nominating somebody. The right way to go about doing so. Before we went to break, we were talking about, again, the way to nominate people and such like. I mentioned that in this day and age, it's important to get more young people involved in a lot of the things that are happening. Can you speak to that at all for us about how you would want more people to get involved, young people? As you know, the youth contribute significantly to national development. We have a number of young persons who have actually excelled in the field of sports, in the field of business and what have you. Some of them have received accolades, but we would like also for citizens to use this media to sort of nominate some of our young people. Such that they can continue to inspire and be inspired to continue to do better and do well for St Lucia. Madam Secretary mentioned that next year is a milestone year for us, 40 years of independence. And what better year to recognize more of our young people, more of our citizens who have actually gone over and above the call of duty to serve. There will be no nationhood without the contribution of the collective solution community, whether we are talking about here or in the diaspora. So I just want to mention that persons in the diaspora also have an opportunity to nominate persons for those awards. Madam Secretary spoke a while ago about how to go about completing the form. I just want to add that we expect a high level of integrity in the nomination process. We have had instances where we were being told that people would nominate themselves or ask people to nominate them. There should be a surprise element in that if one is being nominated for an award, one must not know. Therefore, if there is a situation where an application does not meet the set criteria, it should not create uneasiness for persons who are aware that they were nominated and did not get through. So we want people to bear that in mind. It has to be an instant where you are nominated. Yes, there will be information gathering and so on, but I think there are ways of doing it such that the surprise element is maintained. If one wins, one has to know on the day that that call comes from government house to say we want you to attend the investiture because you've been nominated and you've won an award. This is how we want it done. So we just want the public to know that. The other thing I want to add is that sometimes we've received forms where people are nominated for more than one award. The expectation is that you will be nominated for one award. So when you receive a form and more than one box is ticked, it's difficult as a committee to determine what exactly this person should really be nominated for. So outright, we end up rejecting those and it could have been otherwise a very good nomination, but the process wasn't followed adequately. So we are asking the general public to bear that in mind. Completing the form properly is important. Making sure the form is signed is important. Making sure that there is a high level of integrity in the nomination process is also extremely important. We are looking forward to receiving a lot more nominations this year. In a while, Madam Secretary will tell you the deadline for submission of nominations and what we are going to do in a little more granular detail as it relates to the road shows that are coming up after today. Before we just get on to that though, I just want to ask, specifically you were saying you don't want one person to be nominated for many awards, but one person can make more than one nomination, right? Absolutely. One person can make more than one nomination. However, a nomination form should not suggest that someone is being recommended for more than one award. It has to be one. I don't know if that's clear. Yes, that is clear. Madam Secretary, the senator was referring to maybe the deadline, because I believe the deadline has been extended at the moment in time. So if you can speak a little bit to that. Okay. So the deadline has been extended to January 4, 2019. So we have quite a bit of time to put in the nominations. I want to add to what Madam Chair said. Quite apart from, I mean, we need the integrity in there, must be of a high level, but we also do not want relatives to nominate each other. We have had instances where a relative might nominate a mother, father, brother, sister. It is just not appropriate at all. So the deadline has been extended to January 4, 2019, and I'd like to take this opportunity to just go through the categories of awards, right? So we have the Senator Cross, and in this category, it is in the gold category, and we have this award in three awards in any two successive years. The Medal of Honor, we have gold and silver. We have at least six persons who could be nominated and recommended, and three in each category that is. We have Medal of Merit. We have gold, silver as well, and also six, three in each category. And the Lipitor Medal, we have in three dimensions gold, silver and bronze. Three in each category, so we can actually award nine persons for the Lipitor Medal. We also have the National Service Cross, and this, the National Service Cross and the National Service Medal pertains to police officers, the Royal Central Police Force, the Fire Service, and the Correctional Service. And no one beyond or below the rank of deputy can be awarded for the National Service Cross at that level. For the National Service Medal, however, we have members of the police force, the Fire Service Correctional, and other credit card. You can be recommended. Okay, brilliant. And the second chair has actually stated earlier that you've given us some insight as well as how people would go about going through the government websites also, right? So exactly where would they go to the address? Yes, we do have the forms on the government website and this is at, the government website is at, I'll call it out, it's http gov.general.govt.lc.oners. anewords, and also on http.recognition.govt.lc. We have forms at the office of the Prime Minister. Two persons can call in. We can email two forms, if they call, email a form two persons, if they call on us, we can send by email. But we really, really want to encourage the public to nominate persons that you believe are the American consideration. We talk about the youth.  They have not been identified or recognized, but they have done quite a bit of significant importance to Senwsha. And we want to ensure that the process is fair, transparent, and of a high standard. So we encourage every single one to take this award seriously. I believe it is a prestige to be awarded, a national award out of a country of so many persons, and you've been called up on to receive that award. I think it's a prestigious event, and it is an honor, and we look forward to receiving as many nominations as possible. Okay, well thank you very much. Now we're running out of time, so just before we go, I'd like to know if there's anything that Madam Chair would just like to add before we wrap up. Yeah, I'd just like to say that I am very proud and honored to chair such an important event. As you know, we cannot achieve sustainable development unless we excel at what we do, unless we have compassion, unless we are able to exhibit a level of nationhood, a level of patriotism that goes over and above what we require to do on a normal day. So it is an honor for us to serve at that level and to be part of a process that actually selects persons to be recognized in that manner. So we look forward to receiving top quality nominations this time around. We want to thank in advance all the persons who have nominated persons in the past and who are going to do this again for us this time around. We also want to take this opportunity to compliment and congratulate all the awardees over the past years and to implore them to continue the good work and to continue to inspire others in what they do and what they do best. Excellent. Well thank you for joining us Madam Chair and Madam Secretary. However, it's time for us to say goodbye from issues and answers. However, do stay tuned to the National Television Network. Bye bye. Thank you.


One of the biggest misconceptions in health and fitness is the following. Believe it or not, you can eat more and get leaner, and you can also eat less and get fatter. In fact, this happens all the time. People try to lose weight, they just eat less, they do it wrong, they end up fatter. Today's episode, we're going to explain how this happens. You can't wait for that to get clipped, clipped, and everybody smash it. Yeah, of course. You're so pissed. Of course. How can you defy the law-throwing dynamics now?  I'm going to break it down. I'm going to break it down. I first have to tell a story. I remember when I experienced this as a trainer, myself, for myself, not for my clients, it was for myself. It was one of the first times that I was trying to really get super, super lean. So I was never like overweight, I always worked out, but I was trying to get like super ripped at one point.  This is the wrong approach. This is what I did though, this is what I thought you're supposed to do. Did a bunch of cardio, cut my calories, lost weight on the scale. And I had one of my friends who was a trainer at the time, who worked for me, testing my body fat percentage with calipers. And I'll never forget, I lost, it was a relatively significant number on the scales, like eight pounds or something like that on the scale. So I lost eight pounds. I'm like, oh my God, I'm getting leaner. It's totally working. This is awesome. Can you come test my body fat?  Now I thought for sure I was convinced you tested my body fat wrong. You're doing it wrong. Do it again. Came back the same. I had someone else test me, came back the same. I'm like, how is this even possible? And at the time I had a trainer working for me. It was highly educated. And I sat down with him and I said, do you think that there's so much user error on this body fat caliper that that it could read so wrong that I lost eight pounds and gained body fat? And he goes, no, not necessarily. I said, what do you mean? He goes, if you lost muscle, then you're going to be fatter. And I said, what? And then he said the following. And this, of course, blew my mind. It's totally true.   And what I had done because my approach was wrong, which is what lots of people do, especially girls, women. That's what they do when they try to lose weight. Overdoes the cardio, just drastically, drastically under eats. They end up losing muscle. And now they're left with the same total body fat, but on a smaller frame.   It's not about the total body, body fat, it's about the percentage. And that's just one of the ways that could happen. If you're interested, just click on the link at the top of the description below. All right, back to the show.  And this happened early in my career. So I'm in my early twenties. I've got a client. She's mid thirties, I'd say mid, mid to late thirties. I think she was absolute sweetheart, about a hundred pounds overweight. And I had her for, I had her for a long time. And at this point, we're probably, I don't know, two months into training and I had put her on a diet and I've been training. I'm training her three times a week and we're not, we're not losing weight at all. And this, at this point in my career is, I mean, you've never heard of reverse dieting. Um, you, that we're not, that's not familiar. Like law, three, nine, max is all that we're taught as trainers and yeah, cut calories. And I have her on this like super low calorie diet. And I remember her telling me that's a lot of food. I'm like a lot of food is like hardly eating calories. I'm cutting calories, but she's like, no, I normally eat less than that. And I remember at this point in my career, like, I think she, she has to be lying to me. She's sitting across from me. She's a hundred pounds overweight. She's not a little petite little thing.  Like I showed up at her house. I wanted to see what was in her cupboards and like, and as I go through her cupboards, I don't see anything that's like jumps out at me that, okay, she's binging on this or this shouldn't be in there. Like, unless she was drinking all of oil straight out of the bottle, everything in the house was pretty solid. We should have been okay. And then I remember continuing on, still not seeing progress with the, where the calories are. And then it got to a point again where I still, she's got to be lying to me. And I'm like, every time you put anything in your mouth, I want a picture of it. And then she started like snapping photos of it and then sending to me. And I remember looking at it like, this is like nothing. It made no, it made zero sense to me at that time. I had no idea and it wasn't till, and I felt terrible because I actually never helped this girl. I had a lot of, I could never solve at this point in my career at this age. I'm just, that's such a mystery. Well, because we were taught like, and you still see this permeates the fitness space. Like my point I made when I said, watch when that gets clipped, there's going to be trainers that will try and there'll be people that will try and tear apart what Sal said and says, oh, that's not scientific. And the law of thermodynamics calories in versus calories out. And that's what we're all taught. And so you think, how is this possible? Well, it's, it's very possible if this, if this girl, this one that I'm talking about has been yo-yo dieting her entire life and over time has slowed her metabolism down through cutting calories, cutting calories, cutting calories, cutting calories, doing, if she ever does any sort of exercise, it's cardio cardio and less calories and less calories. And so she's got herself in this spot where she has been, she's metabolically adapted to only eating 1,100 calories and yet still being 100 pounds overweight.  And at that point in my career, I didn't know what to do. I had no idea. I didn't know what a reverse diet was. I didn't know what we should have done to help build her metabolism. I only knew the tools I had, which at that time was, oh, cut calories, push her harder. And I had already tried all that. You know what's crazy about this is that we now, by the way, all of us experience this as trainers. Uh, and at one point, Adam, I want you to tell a story of the challenge you did with your trainers and how angry they were when they found out that they lost weight, but we now have studies that prove what we're talking about. Now, first off, let's talk about the law of thermodynamics. This is a law of physics. And what that means is if you want to lose weight, you take in less calories and you burn, you want to gain weight, you take in more calories and burn it. And the reason why it's a law of thermodynamics is energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It just gets turned into something else. So if there's more calories, which is energy coming in, then you're burning, those extra calories have to be stored as something or turned into something. They don't just disappear. And if you're taking the less calories and you're burning, your body has to get those calories from somewhere. So it's going to start to burn some tissue. So that's true. Now here's the part where everybody gets confused. The calories out part of the equation can vary radically and not just because of activity. Everybody thinks it's just activity.  Now the metabolism, human or mammalian metabolism in particular is extremely complex. I'll bring up two studies right now that have been quoted on the show many times. You can look them up yourself. We'll put up the links for them. One of them is a, was a study done and I quoted this one in my book on the, on modern hunter-gatherers. So hunter-gatherers are people who live the way that humans lived a hundred thousand years ago. So no modern agriculture. They don't grow crops. They don't have electricity. They literally hunt and gather. Okay. So these people that's called the hot, they're called the Hodgson tribe of Northern Tanzania. They live the way we all lived a hundred thousand years ago. They, if they want to eat meat, which they have to, because it's calorically dense, they have to track it. Then they have to wound it. Then they have to run after it until the animal collapses. This is how humans hunt, because we can actually out trek most animals. A lot of people don't know this about humans, but we can do this. So animal gets exhausted and eventually they can sprint towards the animal, take it down or it collapses. Then they bring it all the way back. And this is usually like a 20, 30 mile process. Gathering is also very active. They don't sit down and rest like we do. They have what's called active sitting positions, like they sit in a squat for the most part. They don't sit on couches. They don't have electronics. And so what scientists did is they went down there and through at the time, and I think it's still true to this day, the most sophisticated technology at measuring metabolism. How many calories are these people burning every single day? Now, the theory was they're going to be burning a lot of calories. They're running after animals. They're gathering activity. That's what you would assume. They have to, right? Here's what came back from the data and it blew everybody's minds. But if you, if you understand evolution, it makes perfect sense. These hot set tribes people burned roughly the same calories as the average Western couch potato. Now you might think to yourself, that makes no sense. The average Western couch potato gets up, drives the work, sits at a desk, drives home, sits at the dinner table, sits on the couch. The hot set tribes person is hunting, gathering, moving. If they do rest there in a squat position, how is that possible? Because the metabolism has to adapt. If our bodies just let us burn 10,000 calories a day because we're hunting and gathering, guess what? You disappear. We wouldn't exist. You're not going to find 10,000 calories in nature until you understand agriculture and you can raise cattle and all that stuff. It just go out in nature. Go try to find that many calories. You're not going to the body smart. It has to find a way to be energy efficient. That's right. And the kind of activity that the hot set tribes people engage in is the, are the kinds of activity that don't require lots of calorie burning machinery. So their bodies pair muscle down, learn how to reserve calories. They're not big, bulky, strong looking people. They're just lean, athletic, maybe looking not very big and their bodies learn how to burn less calories. Here's the second study. There was a study that compared strength training to cardio, to strength training plus cardio for fat loss. And there were a lot of controls on there, diet and the whole deal. Now, of, of strength training versus cardio, cardio burns way more calories.   And that's true. The study came back and showed that strength training by itself, the lowest calorie burning form of exercise in the study, burn the most body fat. It was better than either one of those individually or those put together. Put together. Now you might wonder why. Well, because of how the body adapts and strength training tells the body, we need muscle, muscle burns a lot of calories. It speeds up your metabolism. And because I'm lifting weights, I'm not burning tons of calories while I do it, my body is not getting this crazy signal that says conserve calories. So it allows me to burn body fat, which body fat is a stored source of energy in case of, you know, stress and famine or whatever. And it allows me to speed up my metabolism. So the study showed that they got leaner. So it's important to understand that metabolism is adaptive. So if all you do is eat less calories, what your body will do, and this is how you get fatter, you lose weight on the scale. But the reason why you lost weight on the scale is your body paired muscle down. Now you're just a smaller, flabbier or fatter version of yourself. By the way, if you look up online and hopefully we can find this online. If you put a picture of two individuals that weigh exactly the same, same height next to each other, one of them low body fat, one of them high body fat percentage, same weight. They look really different.  It doesn't tell you what you look like, doesn't tell you a linear. There's another factor that's happening or what's going on here too that you have to take into consideration too is that, OK, this person who's been cutting calories, cutting calories. Let's use the client I'm using example to a point where 1100 calories and she doesn't lose any weight anymore. And the only way I could get her to lose any more weight immediately at that moment is to cut down to say 7 or 800 calories, which is unhealthy or make her do an absurd amount of movement to create a caloric deficit in order to do that. The part that really sucks for that person is that if she goes out and decides one time that week to eat out or one time to have a glass of wine, the ratio of the amount of calories her body is used to eating every day to what that one meal or that one treat is is so much higher. So the person whose body is used to or is adapted to 1000 calories a day. That's what they're burning at 1000 calories a anything over that is considered a surplus for them. And then they go have a glass and a half of wine. That's four or 500 calories. That's 50 percent of their total intake. So it only takes them going off the wagon a little bit. Or we're having what? Yeah. Or one bad day to set all that great work they did for two, which is what so many clients consider it breaks my heart when I think back to the story because I never helped this girl. I had her for a year and I never solved this problem because I didn't understand. I all I kept trying to solve it through more activity or cutting more things out of her diet. And I never truly helped this. Now, ask me what I would do if we go back all over again with my knowledge and experience. Now, that client, which is, by the way, so crazy and so hard for people to wrap their brain around is what I would tell that girl today is we need to eat more. We're not going to actually do any cardio. And actually, and we're going to build, we're going to lift weights and we're going to lift heavy. We're going to speed up your metabolism. We're going to get strong. We're going to build muscle.  I don't want you doing any sort of cardio. And I actually want you to eat more food or to hit your and it's so counter to what I think the the messaging has been for so many decades that you wouldn't even think that's the way to go. But yet that is what would have would have solved the problem. Look, if we really think about it, it makes sense. Like anybody watching or listening right now, you know, you have that friend that seems to eat whatever they want and just can't seem to gain a pound. Then you have that other friend that thinks about food and gains body fat. That's how drastically different a metabolism can be. And your metabolism is very adaptive. It's extremely adaptive. If it wasn't, you would die. It's very adaptive. And what makes it adapt up or down are the signals that are being sent to it. And just cutting calories, especially in combination. I'll get to this in a second, especially in combination with high calorie burning forms of exercise that don't tell the body to build muscle. If you do those two together, what you're telling your body to do is we need to learn how to burn less calories quickly. Let's adapt. Conserve as much as possible because the demand is so crazy. Like we're in basically, you know, a state where food is scarce because that's what we're signaling to the body. And two, we have to maintain this high level of activity on top of that. And so, you know, the body's just doing what it's supposed to do and that's to keep you alive and just. So imagine the vicious cycle that most people get into when they head this way. It's they start off, OK, I'm doing this cardio and it's moderate. It's, you know, someone intense, but it's not crazy. You know, they're pushing, they're getting after they're trying to burn thirty minutes elliptical. Yeah. And they cut their calories and then their body doesn't move. And so what they think to do is what? More, more or harder of that. And so they only send a louder signal to what you're saying.  We're not eating hard.  I need to slow down. I need to slow the metabolism down. I need to conserve this energy because she's not feeding very much and she's starting to push the body more than we're used to. And then you as a client get on the scale, you don't see results. And so what do you go?  And so you only send a louder signal. And so down here you are week after week, putting in more effort, more consistency, pushing harder than you ever have. And the results are slowing to an absolute stall or nothing at all, or sometimes even worse, starting to reverse. And then it feels impossible. So here's what it looks like. I'll be more specific.  Cut their calories, get on the treadmill. Here's what that looks like. Initial weight loss on the scale. So like 10 pounds gone. Now I'm going to be very clear and the data shows this 100% of that 10 pounds close to half is muscle. So you lost maybe six pounds or five pounds of body fat and maybe four to five pounds of muscle. So now what happens is your metabolism now is matching the amount of calories that you're eating and your body fat percentage barely budged because half was muscle, half was body fat. So you're essentially the same body fat percentage with a slower metabolism, same flabbiness. But now I'm stuck plateau. Oh my God, I lost 10 pounds for the first four weeks. I'm not losing any more weight. What do I do now? Okay, go up because I'm going to get fat.  Then you get another bump down five more more pounds because it starts to slow down five more pounds. But uh oh, more of the weight now is muscle because the body is getting even louder signal. So now you lost five pounds and now maybe three of them are muscle two of them are body fat. Guess what's happening?  Metabism is slowing down even more. What do I do next? And maybe you've been trapped in the cycle where you do this over and over again. And then you're in this position where you're like, man, I'm doing so much cardio. I'm barely eating anything. I still have 15 pounds to lose on the scale. What do I do? And then you end up with this thought. This isn't for me. That's it. I have terrible genetics. Yeah. I'm meant to be fat. It runs in my it runs in my family. This isn't happening. Maybe I should starve myself. Oh my God, I'm a failure. I can't do this. And then here's what happens. You stop, but you got a slower metabolism. The way you gain back is body fat. And now you can't go. You can't even go back to what you were doing before. Right. Right. Instead of the following, sending the right signals, which we'll get into, but they include eating a little bit more to fuel what you're about to do, send a signal to build muscle. Initially, the scale probably won't move. However, you got leaner. How's that possible? Well, you probably are lost two pounds of body fat and gain two pounds of muscle. So the scale will reflect zero, but you're actually leaner. By the way, if everybody watching this right now lost 10 pounds of body fat and gain 10 pounds of muscle, you would weigh the same on the scale. You'd be much leaner and you would look smaller because here's the other awesome thing about muscle. It's dense. It takes up about three fourths, maybe a little more three fourths of the space that body fat does. So if you trade pound for pound, you keep getting smaller and smaller. So that's why the picture that I talked about earlier of an equal body weight person, one lean, one higher body fat, they don't look like a 200 pound man at six foot tall, who's 10% body fat looks very different than a 200 pound man at 20% body fat, who's six foot tall. They look drastically, drastically different. So what you have to, what you have to think about, if you want to do this in a way that successful is how can I teach my body to get leaner and to burn more calories on its own? Because it's sustainable. That means later on, because here's what that looks like. The weight loss on the scale doesn't start really quick at first, but I am getting leaner. And then the metabolism kicks in and then you get this snowball effect where, which we've experienced this many times, you're eating a little more at the end of your weight loss journey than you were in the beginning. That seems like a much better place for most people. Yeah. And to highlight to the general population that's probably listening to this, how difficult this can be and how frustrating is the story that you were alluding to with my trainers.  And that was when it was really obvious to me like, oh, we're, we're really going about this.  Yeah. So what I would do with my trainers, this became an annual competition. This was actually the first time that we had done it though. So this is like a year, maybe eight into my career or whatever. One of the things I used to do to make it fun and competitive, obviously, I'm the boss of like 18 trainers part of my desired outcome, build team camaraderie also have a fit looking staff that's only going to be better for us business wise. And so it was like this kind of and then also have some fun, right? We could win some money. Every trainer would put in, I can't remember I think we did a couple hundred bucks. Each person put in a couple hundred bucks into the pot and then the person with the greatest body fat percentage change would win, right? So whatever wherever you're at, the ratio of where you're at to where you went would be the winner. And and we had actually had, we'd have a non bias, you know, third party and the domain. We had the hydrostatic way, which is you submerge underwater. The most accurate body. Yeah, it's the most accurate. We have one person doing it, the same company that came in on Friday morning. We did everybody. And then I think I did three months from that. I think it was was the timeframe. They came back. Same thing. Friday morning, everybody did it again. And so it was going to be this really concerned that the room for air. So the audience knows and something like that is like, I mean, you could you could try and screw that test up and you still would only be about a half a percent at most. It's not like those, you know, handles you put your hands onto the scales you put your feet on like underwater weighing is extremely nothing more extremely accurate, which that was what made this so interesting because we all know this. We all know, like we're aware that that's why we wanted to use that. We're like, we're going to use the best. We're going to use the best way to track this and all the trainers do it and three months come by and I see all my trainers, you know, everyone's carrying their Tupperware now and everyone's staying after work and I see people on the Stairmaster and it's I mean, it's on everyone's getting into it. Everyone's super competitive about it. And at the end of it, at least half of my trainers were just pissed and they were so pissed and they were so certain that this thing was inaccurate. Yeah, it was broken. Something wasn't right because they knew how much work they had put in. They knew how consistent they were with dieting and cutting calories. They knew how hard they were working cardio wise and they know they didn't eat out or do anything bad. They knew they dropped weight on the scale. They looked smaller and then they got on there and many of them, their body fat percentage stayed the same or even some of them saw an increase from three months later. Even though they lost weight. Even though they lost weight and they just baffled them off and it did not understand. But that just shows you what a fine line it is of cutting calories and increasing activity like that and how quickly the body will adapt in the opposite direction that you want it to go to. And it was at that moment when I really realized like, whoa, we're probably going if my trainers are doing this to themselves, how many of our clients are we going about this the wrong way when it comes to diet and exercise? 100 percent. So, you know, rule number one or step number one with sending the right signal to the body for your metabolism to either not slow down or speed up and for you to get leaner is to strength rain. That's the only form of exercise where the direct adaptation, the direct signal is to build muscle. Now, other forms of exercise may send an indirect signal because maybe you a little more need a little more strength because you never run. So now you're running a little bit or maybe because you never do whatever yoga. But the signal is weak at best and in many cases, in some cases, you actually lose muscle because the body learns how to become more efficient, like long duration cardio is like this long duration cardio. You don't need strength to run for long distance. You just need stamina. In fact, too much muscle becomes detrimental. This is why long distance runners have no don't have a lot of muscle either. They're just very small. Right. So you got to lift weights to at least send a signal that says build muscle. Now, the first step with diet is to eat a high protein diet. This is such a big deal that they now we even have studies now that show this, which is blows people when these when these studies were coming out, blue people's minds, they'll have studies will have the same calories. So the the energy intake is the same. But the difference between the two is that this group over here eats adequate protein. So like whatever the RDA recommends. And this group over here eats what is considered a very high protein diet, which usually breaks down to about a gram of protein per pound of target body weight. So if you're listening right now and let's say you want to weigh 110 pounds, that means you're aiming for a day every day 110 grams of protein, OK? RDA would tell you something like 30 or 40 grams of protein. But this 110 is considered high if that's your that's your body weight goal. When they do these studies, same energy intake, high protein is leaner with more muscle. So just because the protein is high, they have more muscle and it's there seems to be and it's probably an indirect effect from the muscle gain, a fat loss effect.  By the way, this is a lot harder than people think.  That's not like a typical two way breakfast. It's a sink. It's the single first place I would go with all of my female clients that were trying to pursue weight loss. Yes. Strength, train, increase protein intake 100 percent across the board, not most, not some. Everybody, everybody under was under consuming protein and or they were not even hitting they weren't hitting optimal. So even if they were OK, RDA wise, like health wise, but not for building muscles. That's what you have to understand is that another reason why that's so important, not just because for health purposes and what it does for the types of foods that you choose and it's muscle sparing, but it's it's how you're going to build muscle.  You're only going to get so much muscle out of it. Now, if you're consistent and you give the body what it needs nutritionally, i.e. protein while you're sitting that signal, then you're going to build the most amount of muscle. And if you build the most amount of muscle, your metabolism is going to go up because those those pounds of muscle require more calories to survive than fat does on your body. Therefore, it speeds your metabolism up. Plus the benefit psychologically too, because you're eating and seeking out protein, which is challenging to eat adequate amount of protein per day that's required. But what you're doing is you're focused on increasing calories when, in fact, it's so satiating that a lot of times it just naturally sort of lowers the amount of calories you're consuming anyways. And so what you're focused on before was a negative in terms of like I had to reduce and cut out all this stuff out of my diet. And you're almost like in that punishing sort of mentality versus I need to grab something that's going to help me build and fuel myself. That point you're making is so true that when I had these clients that were trying to lose 20, 30, 500 pounds and trying to lose weight. And we're my female clients. And we started to do this. I wouldn't even care about calories. All I would say is go hit the protein intake, because I knew how hard it was to hit the protein intake consistently. And if they were doing that through whole foods, people who've never done it have no idea. It would have such a hard time. They're not going to overeat. They're just not going to if they every day they hit that, especially if they eat it through whole foods. It's going to be really tough. It's going to be tough for them just to get to the amount of calories that I want to get. Much less over. Building muscle requires nutrients like protein, especially, and it also requires fuel. So for a lot of people, if you really want to go down this metabolism boosting highway, if you really want to see metabolism boost, you eat the protein and you still try to eat a little more because you have to fuel that metabolism boost and you have to send the signal to the body that says it's safe to burn more calories. Remember, like the Hodza tribe study showed your body, if it feels like calories are scarce, it will adapt and slow its metabolism down. It will change its caloric requirements. Feeding yourself and feeding yourself appropriately tells your body, Hey, it's OK to burn more calories. By the way, on the flip side, eating two little calories tells the body the opposite. It tells the body. In fact, in fact, although the effect isn't massive in a 24 hour period, you can measure this right now. If a person ate less or more, their metabolism would adapt that day. You would see it the following day. If you all of a sudden dropped your calories below, you would see a little bit of an adaptation, not a huge one, but it's because it's only a day, but you'd see a little bit of adaptation in caloric burn. So eating more calories, reverse dieting is part of this, right? Reverse diet is where you slowly bump calories as you strength train. And the goal is to boost the metabolism to a point where it gets so high, then you can cut calories and end up in a really safe, maintainable place. The other thing, too, is that when you eat too little and you just try to burn calories for activity and don't tell your body to build muscle, there's something very interesting that happens.  Hormones are chemical signals in the body.  Remember your body, think about it this way, think about your bank account. If all of a sudden you lose your job or the economy slows down, you're trying to save money. You're not trying to spend more money. You're like, look, we're not getting any money. I just lost my job. I'm going to try and conserve as much as possible. I'm going to take the bus or I'm going to walk. I'm not going to eat out, etc. Now imagine if all of a sudden you made tons of money, you win the lottery, economy is crushing. Well, now you're like, yeah, I'll buy those expensive shoes. I'll get that purse. I'll go spend on that streaming service because I got plenty of money that's coming in. Well, your body will do this as well, and it does that through its hormones. So you have what are called catabolic hormones. And you have what are called anabolic hormones. Anabolic hormones are the ones that tell your body to build calorie burning tissue, mainly muscle. OK, catabolic hormones tell your body to burn calories, but also tell your body to learn how to slow down with some metabolism. Cortisol is a very popular one. Too much cortisol all the time. By the way, you need cortisol. But if it's always high all the time, your body will eat away at its muscle and will start to learn how to store more body fat. In fact, it'll actually change over time how your body stores body fat. Too much cortisol over time. There's some evidence that shows that it may actually promote belly fat storage or visceral body fat, which is actually harder to burn.  Here is a sign. This is a very for men. There's a there's a sign for men and women. There's a sign that's specific to women. But for men and women, one of the signs is reduced libido. That means anabolic hormones are dropping, sleep disturbances, excessive fatigue, hot and cold intolerance. If all of a sudden, like you're always cold or the heat is just too barren, like you just have this really bad intolerance to temperatures. That's a sign. Women. Here's a very clear sign. You lose your period. If a woman and you see female athletes do this all the time because they'll overtrain themselves and under eat. If a woman loses her period and she stops menstruating, it means her body literally believes it is not safe to conceive. There's not enough calories. There's too much stress. We're going to make you infertile. When I used to train female clients, those that had a regular menstrual cycle, if they came to me and I'm looking at their diet and exercise and they also didn't have a period and they're like, I haven't had it for a year or whatever. Oh, yeah. We're strength training. We're cutting your activity and we're going to make you eat more calories and reverse. We're going to reverse diet and like clockwork almost every single time, unless there was a bigger issue, you would see their their their period. What's so important about that, too, Sal, is that if if that's out of balance and then you're also trying to ask your body to burn fat or build muscle, it's going to prioritize health first when it when the hormones are out of whack like that and you're still pushing the body, you're putting on all this work, hoping you're going to get this return of, you know, I'm lifting weights and I'm running like crazy. So I'm hoping I'm going to build some muscle. I'm hoping I'm going to burn some body fat, but your hormones are so out of whack that it wants to just to be healthy and balanced. It's not going to listen to what you're trying to tell it with building muscle. No, it's dangerous to build muscle at that point. Yeah, if it's not healthy to have a baby, it's not going to listen to you about burning body fat and building muscle. And so getting that balance and getting that healthy first is far more a priority than what we're doing as far as the cardiovascular work or even in the strength training field. You've got to figure that out first. Yes.  If you do those things right there, then you're on the right track. If your strategy is I'm just going to eat a lot less, I'm just going to move as much as possible, then you're probably going to lose muscle and put yourself in an unsustainable position. I think it's important to talk a little bit about the psychology of this and the way we would have to communicate a client through this process because you've got to understand that you take a client who is used to hearing all the things that we were talking about the beginning. And then this is like a complete paradigm shift of like, wait a second, like you're going to tell me to eat more, stop the cardio, lift weights, it's a major hard pill, it's a very hard pill as well. So when I when I get clients that are like this, the things that I'm communicating to them when it comes to like their ultimate goal, which is let's say lose 50 pounds or whatever number it is, is I'm not concerned about that right now.  This is tough. Someone comes in, I want to lose 50 pounds at him, I'm paying you to help me. And I'm telling you, OK, in the first 30 to 60 days, we might actually see the scale go up one or two pounds. I don't want you to fret. We're actually doing great. You need to mentally be ready for that. So as you're hearing this advice from us, you also need to be mentally prepared for the possibility of training for 30, even sometimes 60 days of increasing calories, hitting your protein take strength training and the scales staying the same or going on. Here's why I tell people to throw the scale away, especially if that if you're sensitive to that, don't look. You know, it's funny about that, by the way. I used to get the when I figured out how to do this, this is what would happen to my clients all the time. We'd have this conversation and I'd tell them, don't weigh yourself and because it's going to mess with you and explain how this whole conversation with them. So they would do that.  I was very popular, put it under the bed, not weigh themselves. Then 60 days, 30, 60 days, they'd come and see me and be like, you know, three people today asked me how much weight I lost. I really want to weigh myself and I'd say, don't do it. Don't do it. And they say, no, no, everybody, my husband says I lost weight. I had two co-workers come up to me say that my weight, my waist looks smaller. Everything looks cleaner. People think I lost 12 pounds. I'd say, OK, are you ready to weigh yourself?  And they're like, yeah, let's do it. We get on the scale. One pound lost. No pounds lost. And they say, how's that possible? Why does everybody think I'm leaner? Because you are leaner. You just built muscle while burning body fat. You're smaller. The scale lies to you. It's a it's a it's an evil way in tissue. Yes. So what should you monitor then? If this is you, here's what you look at strength. Am I stronger in the gym? Can I lift more weight? Can I do more reps? By the way, if you want to do this right, don't do circuit training, don't do 15 exercises strung together because you're just doing cardio. You have to lift weights like someone who's trying to build muscle straight sets, rest for two or three minutes, straight sets, two or three minutes, reps between five to 12. Do those compound lifts. Try to get strong. If you're getting stronger, you're going in the right direction. Now, if you want to measure anything else, then use body fat percentage testing. Do it every two weeks and look at the trends. Don't freak out over the number one number to the next, but over the course of four, six, eight weeks, look at the trends and that'll tell you, oh, I'm getting stronger and my body fat percentage is going down. I'm moving in the right direction. I would also add that to this client. I'm communicating to them that I know the goal is or the ultimate goal is to lose 50 pounds, but our immediate goal is to build our metabolism first.   So that means if you eat 2,200 to 2,400 calories and you feel good eating that many calories, that feels like it's sustainable. You enjoy that. That's plenty of food for you.  And so you need to take that into consideration that wherever your cork intake currently is at, that if you want to start cutting that and aggressively lose body fat, you got to know that that cut is somewhere you can sustain. And that's the mistake a lot of these clients make is they're like, OK, I'm going to go do this fat loss journey. And they cut their calories and they all say the same thing like, I just want to lose the 50 pounds. Then when I get there, I'll figure it out. Well, it doesn't work that way. It's like you're going to keep cutting these calories. You may even get close or on, you know, halfway towards your goal.  You know, who's a great example of this, by the way? We just had her on the show. Marie Llewellyn. Am I saying her name right? OK, so she, young lady, she was lucky in the sense that she did this the right way right out of the gates. As a young lady, 99% of the time when they're trying to get leaner, they do the wrong thing. They just do tons of cardio and cut their calories. But her husband, boyfriend at the time, was like a bodybuilder guy. So she just did what he told her. Yeah. And she did it the right way. So she didn't run into any of those obstacles. In fact, we we we interviewed her. I remember when we were talking with her, that was the thing that I pointed out. I was like, it's so crazy to me when she was telling her story. I'm like, you did the right way. I'm like, yeah, do you realize like how many of the right choices you made and how rare that is in a in a in a major weight loss journey like you had. And she did. She attributed a lot of that to. She's like, I eat a lot. I feel good. I live for it. It's like, man, most people, especially your age, they do it the wrong way and they end up coming to us broken. And it takes us a while to fix that. So think about that, too. Like in a more simple way to say that is if you if you are female who's trying to lose 10, 20, 30 plus pounds, you want to train like a bodybuilder who's trying to build muscle. 100%. That is what's going to get you your goal the fastest and the most sustainable once you get there. Perfect. Look, if you like our show, go to mindpumpfree.com and check out all of our free fitness guides. You can also find all of us on Instagram. Justin is at Mind Pump. Justin, I'm at Mind Pump to Stefano and Adam is at Mind Pump, Adam.


Amaloid fibrils have been used to create new materials such as films, but they are difficult to make on a large scale because of their brittle nature. A team of researchers has developed a way to make these films by using electrostatic assembly at the air-water interface. The team was able to use this technique to incorporate other materials like carbon nanotubes and iron oxide particles into the film. These materials can be used to create a variety of applications including a magnetically controlled soft robotic swimmer and a highly sensitive magnetic sensor. This article was authored by Yang Yang Han, Yiping Chao, Jiang Tao Zhou, and others.


Hello everyone and welcome to Indian radiologist once again. This week's video is a very unusual one, one on barium enema and why say unusual is because this study happens to be a thing from the past and we are just putting this video across to let you know what we used to do about 10, 20, 30 years ago and how irrelevant it has actually become. There are some centers still that would be doing this test but in most centers we have moved on to other modalities like ultrasound CT and MR to give us the diagnosis that we need. Another reason for barium enema is to disappear of course colonoscopies which are much more sensitive and much more accurate compared to barium enema. So still we are going to have a look at what we can see on barium enema studies. Thank you. So before we start talking about how to do this test we must know about the contraindications of this procedure. Hence it's always useful and very important to take a standing X-ray of the abdomen before you start this procedure. Why? Because you will rule out an acute perforation by seeing that there is no gas under the diaphragm. You should also not do this procedure when there is an acute fulminating colitis when there's been a recent rectal biopsy and also if there is dilated bowel loop seen like large bowel dilatation and you're suspecting toxic megacolon that's a very good reason not to do this test no matter how much the clinician forces you. So here we can see two images. One is on the left that shows us a complete small bowel obstruction which came with abdominal distension and was actually referred to us for a barium enema. Obviously it was declined and the patient went for CT and the image here on the right side where we can see a very enlarged dilated transverse colon cut off measures vary but usually anything more than six centimeters means that you cannot do this test. Do remember in case there's been a rectal biopsy or a suspected perforation and you do end up doing this test there's a very high chance of the barium leaking into the peritonal cavity and mortality rates for barium peritonitis are as high as 50%. So in the past we used to use dulcolex and dimole which was absolutely terrible and had very poor bowel cleansing and we used to really struggle to get the barium up to the terminal ilium and the IC junction. But now with the use of peg lac we have very good intestinal cleansing. So what we do in our institute is we do not use the entire sachet of peg lac we use half of this. You mix it in about a liter of water and make the patient start drinking this early in the morning around 6.37 usually defecation is initiated within about 30 to 45 minutes and the patient might have five to six loose tools and might get a little exhausted by the time his bowels get empty. So it's not a bad idea also for them to just maybe sip some lime juice or a cup of tea with some sugar so that they don't feel too dehydrated. Once they finish and they feel that the large bowel has cleared they can then come to the department. So the patient will lie down in a position to do a digital rectal examination and we pass a little tube connected to the barium can and the can's height for the enema of course should not be more than three feet and we slowly release it at a very slow speed if it is too fast there's a chance that that patient might release the barium on the table and be an absolute mess. So release it slowly into the rectum and initiate a comfortable conversation with the patient so that the patient is distracted and the barium continues to enter the large bowel as you feel on fluoroscopy on IITV that it has reached the rectum and is moving towards the splenic flexure you can turn the patient around and put the patient out right side down so that the barium from the splenic flexure can move downwards to the transverse colon up to the hepatic flexure and once that happens not a bad idea to make the patient supine and make head high so that the barium then moves towards the cecum. If the icy junction is lax you might also get barium entering the terminal limb. Once you see that you can start taking pictures of the single contrast study so the standard pictures would be on a 1417 you might take supine, a prone rectum lateral to see the pre-sacral space and of course both obliques right and left as soon as these set of images are taken and viewed you can ask the patient either to pass out the barium by removing the tube and sending him to the restroom or else you can actually get the barium can down and see that the barium comes back into the can which will of course later dispose. If you feel more than half or almost half of that barium that you had put inside has come out that's good enough because we do need some barium inside and now you will be passing air through a BP cuff instrument which is attached to the tube that is passed again into the anal canal and you start insufferating air keeping the patient calm not going too fast but just at enough speed to get good distention. You will take one check film once of the rectum or the descending colon to see that there is enough air seen and the entire colon should get distended right from the rectum to the cecum. This is almost the end of the procedure so now the patient should be told to keep the air in not to release the air and quickly again start taking pictures. See the colon on IITV look for narrowing strictures polyps diverticuli concentrate on that areas use compression images also to get a complete study. After having viewed the entire set of images you can ask the patient to now pass out whatever barium is was there inside and take a post evacuation film that ends the barium study. We will now look at the common pathologies that we see on this examination. So here's our first case we can see a single contrast on the left side and you can see that the entire colon has been nicely filled up with the barium however if you look carefully and we zoomed this image on the right side along the sigmoid colon you can see an almost out pouching this was in fact an old diverticular perforation and a barium enema was asked for in this patient and not only is that perforation important but you want to see the sigmoid colon sometimes on CT it might be little difficult to know whether it's just inflammatory changes because of diverticulitis or whether it's a tumor. So you will sometimes need a barium enema here and if you can see the images taken in an oblique position you can actually have a look at the mucosal irregularity you're seeing along the sigmoid colon as well as tiny diverticulitis but this irregularity is important because this tells us that we're dealing with the neoplastic lesion. And here is our next case again a double contrast study with the large ball completely opacified with the barium and the air that's the double contrast and what we can see is a short segment stricture seen in the mid-transverse colon you can almost see an apple-coring like effect with shouldering on either side and this happened to be again a neoplastic lesion. Iliocecl coccyx was seen so commonly in the 80s and 90s and early 2000s but we don't see it so commonly anymore and of course there are a couple of varieties you would see the ulcerative type as well as the hypertrophic type but this is the common picture that we see we see terminal isle stricture with the disease process involving the ic junction as we're seeing an enlarged cecum which has been pulled up because of fibrosis and you see terminal isle dilatation just proximal to the stricture this is ic coccyx and of course CT will show you concentric wall thickening usually with involvement of the ic junction but we will need histopath diagnosis almost always and more commonly abdominal coccyx is seen much better on ultrasound and CT in the form of abdominal nodes as well as omental thickening which can also be biopsy to give us a tissue diagnosis. And here is our next case this is of course a single contrast study as you can see and you can see a very subtle mucosal regulatory across the entire colon you can also observe the loss of hostile folds please understand that hostile folds may be absent in the descending colon but if you see absent hostile folds in the transverse colon as well as the ascending colon you do know that this is a disease process it's a classic case of ulcerative colitis you see this magnified view on the next image and you can see a classic mucosal irregularity we of course follow up ulcerative colitis not so much on barium enema but more with colonoscopy now we have another very uncommon disease which is usually tough to diagnose on barium enema but you can see here a little bizarre pattern areas of stricture formation areas of ulceration loss of hostile fold sometimes skip lesions so this is Crohn's disease and you can differentiate it from ulcerative colitis more often than not but ultrasound as well as CT scans especially when you are trying to diagnose fistula is much much more effective and sensitive rather than barium enemas and here's another beautiful case and you can see a filling defect which is seen on the single contrast study with a pedunculated lesion seen on double contrast study and this is a classic example of a pedunculated polyp you can catch these very easily on barium enema but of course CT colonography as well as regular colonoscopy is much much superior compared to barium enema and we come to our last case once again you can see a single contrast study in an lobally position again you can see a short segment irregular lesion which is actually a stricture which is formed because of a neoplastic growth in the wall of the sigmoid colon so these are the common conditions that you can see on barium enema you can catch neoplasms we can catch strictures you can see iliocecal cox and although you can catch these conditions quite accurately in today's imaging scenario they are just much much more better investigative tools available for us to diagnose without having the cumbersome barium enema procedure to be done so you have ultrasound you have CT and of course also MRI but these modalities with the newer sequences and dynamic imaging have actually pushed barium enema to the background and hence barium enemas are now only used in certain conditions in certain institutes and it is not an everyday procedure that used to be done almost 20 30 years ago


Bemidji State Guard Christian Picarek was named to the National Association of Basketball Coaches Honors Court today. It's his second selection to the list, and the 11th straight year a member of the men's basketball team has been named to that list. To make it a student-athlete must have a 3.2 or higher GPA amongst other qualifications. Picarek averaged 10 points and four assists per game this season, and graduated with a degree in math education. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Throwback CFM a lot of people told me they liked the throwback CFM. Yeah, I've gotten a lot of good comments from the CFM now Boys as we're moving on to this the Vikings is in the playoffs. We're gonna keep you updated on the draft on this I did get some comments on the Vikings game I didn't want to Comment on what happened in the Vikings game because I didn't want people to read it before they watched So I was like, you know what? I'm just gonna go ahead and talk about it on my next video But I did get some comments and here goes some points You know, I got we got to do comment review on the last game of our Viking season. We got to Got it boys We got our boy comeback kid is definitely the grind that makes this series entertaining Some cool stories with quest move junior Dotson move definitely might need abilities because the red zone outside of mixing Has been hell. I mean you're not wrong. He's not wrong. That's a good point My man Schultz see a YouTube legend. This guy's a lord. Thanks. Shout out to him, bro forever He's been here for a long time. I don't know if it's something you've done before because you showed a draft after this season We will definitely show the draft. I don't really know the draft is a long process boys If you guys play CFM sometimes a draft can take three four hours So I'm what it's gonna be hard to break it down. It will definitely be live streamed So if you guys want to watch that I guess it'll come up here in the next couple days or so The biggest thing for me though is all these crabs being my stream and I'd be wanting to discuss strategy So they're gonna steal my picks and stuff.  But that kid could play there would be a great game to study all the route concepts Bung Bung smuggler now YouTube would you guys be interested in breaking down these games and what I did? I mean, we could do a video on that and what happened and everything But my man's real YouTube legend, of course Kyler's been kind of weak, you know I'm in order to upgrade players faster in CFM. You have to make sure they're starting on the depth chart Which was sure I mean, okay GG to a promising season got a beef up beef up the past rush in the offseason Bro did have all day back there. You know, he really did I as I watched the game back Once we processed the YouTube video I realized the past rush difference between me and and that team was like Was just ridiculous man. This is like impossible now here This is this this comment right here is why I wanted to do comment review For that last game is that do you think the extra pressure you would get from playing nickel? Isn't worth it? Okay, so let me understand. Let me break this down for you to see if I'm I have learned right? Especially with bad teams, you know, the only hope I have I think is to play two-man under one You keep the ball in front of you when I say two-man under I mean man press Multiple deep zones somewhere, you know, whether it's deep to deep cover three But keep everything in front of me and I did in a lot of these games and kind of just hold them in the red zone It's best I can and the problem is when you're playing two-man under now you run into a numbers game It's always a numbers game against man coverage One you have to account for the running back You have to have two deep blues somewhere on the field whether it's a third a half You have to have deep blues as you see these receivers are absolutely frying my DB's So you have to have two deep blues you have to have five man covers guys and then you have to use or somebody That's why dollar is the easiest because you're getting that three-man rush. You're definitely sacrificing some pass rush But if I go ahead put forward down linemen now I'm sitting in whose garden the running back, right? I have to use it running backs guy and then if the running back goes out Now I got to go ahead and guard him and now my users out of play So it's a give-and-take. I decided to go with more coverage I have a freer user be more be able to make different adjustments here and there but Ultimately man when you have John Franklin Myers and our boy Dotson fighting They just didn't get it done on the pass rush, you know, they really didn't now if you guys remember I did put inside stuff on Derek Brown I guess hasn't it there around a detackle instead of having unpredictable and double or nothing and he didn't fight at all at detackle so for me Maybe that was a mistake. I told you guys about inside stuff. It's not that good, but that's why I chose to stay in dollar The fumble was unfortunate looking back. I mean we just got run the ball I find myself Definitely overthinking Madden too much in my entire career all the plays I make a lot of mistakes I've made and everything has been me just thinking too much You know, you got first thing go right there run the ball, right? I just assumed the run commit there at least on the out of the first down and second down no run commit You know, yeah, I didn't couldn't get any pressure Right, but you know my team isn't designed for that.  Yeah, that was tough It was tough. It was tough ending my man wave Chronicles guy get out of this league and draft the God squad from scratch I mean, well, that's the whole point of the content that it's not a God squad for me But my man wave, this is a Lord right here. This guy has good comments all the time I just I just sell that by overthinking. I agree with Alan Murphy.  I mean, he's probably right But that's all I can really do. I didn't feel like I needed to ever take a chance in this game If you guys were I always had to lead in this game or you know past I always had to lead so I never thought I needed to make it take a chance on defense You know, it's way easier to play defense when you're winning Because you know the pressure's on them, but when you're losing that's when you have to start making taking chances and everything like that And you know, I felt like our defense wasn't good, but I didn't think it was terrible But Gigi shout the Mexi Brown tippy the lords.  All right, but on to throwback CFM. We are playing the Green Bay Packers Take but I believe this is like the Vince Lombardi Packers So on my old heads all the throwback guys This is really throwback now. I was thinking it might be Aaron Rodgers, uh, greg Jennings and the boys But this is bart star haul horning This is bust out. He has three wide receivers Ron Kramer titan jim ringo Forrest greg I don't know who he has on the I mean you can't have corners in 1950, right? I lied herb adderly never mind. He has absolute lords at corner In 1950 herb adderly Wow, how the hell do I know his name so well? I don't know but he goes short route knockout tough and then this guy something would He has two knockouts. All right. All right. Nice. Nice, but we have to so We'll see how it goes. We'll see how it goes. My man midwest savior speaking of a youtube lord That's one of them in the building boys in the building He kicked it out of bounds right away nervous. Maybe He audible from two men under the db fire. That's tough Chad Lewis, dude, like I swear to god man Like I like I be feeling like I'm under pressure from these three man rushes You know why that guy that white guy caught me man Hell of a dot, baby. Hell of a dot I will tell you man as much as like cfm is cool because and and my man wave chronicle said this in the youtube comments He said we'll see if I'm as cool because not everybody.  You're not Do I want to put one of my good corners on a tight end or just bag the other guys? Lito Are you trolling? That's rather Lito bag I need your here curse. I need your here Oh my god, man. Jesus christ, dude I swear to god trips tight end is just so body, man. Jesus christ. I might put somebody good on it I might put dolphins on the tight end here Yeah, I think we gotta do it. Oh fumble Come on, man. It just can't be god six yards. Come on Forget them boys. I mean these dudes are Strapped till twos they do Yeah, I just a little bit of pass like people always assume like I want like sheds and like nah, bro I just want A little bit of pass rush. All right, both as good receivers are on this side There's just no way Trotter that you don't play that man. Like that's just dog Like it's right at your face. You could have just like you could have just Like blue and it would have fell down, but you just you just took it You just took this like uh, and it just catch in everything, man Look at Dawkins Dawkins and our boy Siminoe mark Siminoe. What is showing? Let's get it. Here we go, man. We're gonna do the same round combo here I most want to put that yellow zone on 10 here. I want you right at the goal line here kid Barnes got nobody he might just chuck the barns here I mean lord man. Come on boys. Come on boys He changed up He changed up. W. Do you put cfm on youtube j smooth somebody get that guy at god road map? What?  I honestly like I'm gonna be so happy like this that happens to me We get randomly disengaged by the tackle. Yeah. Thank you, man.  I love it. They should honestly pay me more for playing your dog every single night They should Dude, dude actually has linebackers in the game too He's got Ray Nitschke in the game like bro for for what? Like why would you have Ray Nitschke in the game? I honestly should throw right at him boys. And that's sad, but I should throw right at him Tio Tio Tio Tio Season stats. I don't really be farming dude.  It's like no money spent. I still got dexter win out here. Good old dexter This there's one don't pick lurky Oh, you got no jugs Michael Lewis now to the dudes in the chat I definitely went the four man rush right there and it was a lot better pressure But like I said, I had to guard the running back. He just made a bad read Tio Tio Tio Tio Like these teams are just when I'm playing people that aren't that like aren't like all world with these teams I was just like And I think these dudes are like bad But it's just this team is too like people that aren't even on people that aren't on my level have no shot I'm not clicking on nobody. Good work boys So like you have when you don't have it. I can't believe yet. Once another guy hasn't switched his damage threat I mean Dawkins, what are we doing here? Like, what are we doing? Are we really getting beat by this wheel rod right now? There you go Dawkins. I don't know why you didn't run the wheel rod again Oh, no way. We like that was like the worst pitch ever I thought maybe it'd be Aaron But I mean this team won this was like like the Lombardi Packers or some of the best teams ever, you know Just because you little snotty nose kids know Aaron Rodgers and Greg Jennings and You got to pay homage to one of the greatest errors of football. Vince Lombardi, you know, he's gonna throw it I knew it. There you go. Hugh Douglas. Let's go, man Except you have to run play action to stop edge threat. What's going on with golden tickets? I have two. Do you want one? I'm bad at warzone. Do you want? Do you want a golden ticket? I got one for you. You have to make it eagle though. Okay, that's my only Stipulation. Oh my god, quitting Michael would be the one, right? To just frying back to DB fire. Hey kid, huh?  Ain't nothing but a thing for you Look at Chad I thought that spin move would look good. I don't know why but Bro, I couldn't get to the left because it was bodies on the ground, dude There was bodies that I could not get over dude. I'm on running.  So it's like, you know, see if I'm boys The boys getting after look at the boys. Honestly, here's a glitch too, right? You can put your safety on the running back Like if you don't know whether he's going to put block or not Hey, oh, he switches lineman there because if he blocks the running back the safety will go into a deep blue You know with otherwise the the linebacker will go into a spy So if you watch the watch that's uh, he's in a spine. Never mind. I'm a flyer Dawkins, come on man pick artists How do we get his ticked? Yeah, we're going on top of his bum It's to baby.  Let's go, baby Oh, we gotta get through there, dude.    I'm in a good mood Ability should I use not what you're using right now about that Hmm There's no way you milk the clock and then got one playoff Like there's no way you're sucking at did that.   I'm up. I'm up by 60 points. I want another touchdown, right? That's how cfm's played call time out go to score Right. I mean, I need more. I need more. It's a blowout, right? I didn't do that. I took my win I'm not gonna call timeouts. I don't need to just him saying I don't need to I don't need to give more I'm cool. What I had I was cool 42 or 3. He ran the clock out chewed the clock But no with one second left. He snaps the ball and chucks it while I'm sitting here talking in the chat That was absolute crab behavior, dude. Can't lie. That was a coward a move And that's why you're the commissioner, you know, that's how my man to 175 four touchdowns No, but I don't think you understand that I I gave up. I didn't want to score anymore Like I didn't want to score anymore. I didn't want to rub. I didn't want to blow him out anymore Like I was cool to upgrade speed Catching traffic short route. Okay 98 overall to league Stats and awards I'm awards. We got a word yet. Donovan McNabb second in MVP. Love to see that, huh? Offensive player of the year. Is this what this is? To defensive player of the year. Javon curse. Okay Offensive rookie of the year. I don't have any of them guys. That's tough Defensive rookie of the year. I don't have any of those guys. Best quarterback, McNabb Best running back, not Westbrook To best old line. I can't get one of my Eagles in here. Best D line, Javon curse. Best linebacker, Trotter Best DB. Where my boy's at? Michael Lewis is the best DB McNabb has 42 touchdowns and six interceptions It's pretty good rating 12 for Michael Vick. I don't know who has that team. I don't know Pretty good rating for him. Joe Montana has 25 picks. That's not ideal. Jets, Joe Nameth, Lyons, Rodney, Pete, not bad 32 and 7 Bart Starr who we just played it 24 interceptions. That's tough Nine picks for Cam Newton. Not bad. Wow. The Rams have topped us all with 38 touchdowns and 38 picks That guy lets it fly and saint as 43 and 4 Which is cracked. So saint is really good


Greetings, everyone. Pilot Pete here, coming to you from CES 2023, where this week your Mac Geek Gab hosts, Dave Hamilton, John F. Braun and myself, got to go to the Mandalay Bay Hotel and meet Paula Abdul as she stepped with both feet into the tech world to endorse the Paula Abdul's idle eyes straight up audio glasses. Let me tell you a little bit about the tech specs and then I'll tell you what we thought of the glasses as we've got a chance to try them on. First of all, they come with a UV 400 polarized sunglass lens, which is swappable with a blue light lens, or if you have prescriptions, as do I, you can have your own prescription ground and swap those lenses in. They also come with a carrying case, a charging cable and a cleaning cloth. The frames are made of a TR90 nylon and they have an IPX4 water resistant rating. What does this mean? Well, don't submerge them.  The lenses are shatter and scratch-resistant and are made of a premium plastic, which is interesting because it made the glasses actually quite light. The other thing that we noticed was that the batteries were in the stem along the side of the glasses and that didn't put all the weight up on the front. So the actual weight of the glasses on the bridge of your nose is pretty light. The battery life for these glasses is up to five and a half hours and is fully rechargeable in about an hour. They use a custom four pin charging cable. So it's not like a USB micro or many or anything like that. You're going to need to keep that charging cable with the case. They have two total beam forming microphones. So that makes it easy for you to take a phone call as well. And it has the standard Bluetooth range of Bluetooth 5.1 of about 30 feet or nine meters. And they use a pogo pin charging cable. You can find these glasses at paulaabdule.com slash product slash straight dash up slash glasses. I'll put that here in the video. Alright, so what did we like or dislike about the glasses? The interesting thing about it is Dave and I were both able to put on a pair at the same time and put music on listening to different songs. We were able to carry on a conversation while listening to the music. It's easy to pause the music with a simple push of the button on the stem of the sunglasses. But we were able to carry on a conversation in a quiet room. You can probably just hear that somebody might be listening to something. But it's not annoying. It's not intrusive. They were actually pretty good in that sense as well. They sounded good. They didn't sound as nice as an earbud in the ear, but that is entirely different audio experience as you well know. The advantage of that is like I said, you can carry on a normal conversation and safety isn't compromised. I suspect that if you're out running, you can listen to music, but you aren't in danger of being sneaked up on by a speeding car that's heading your way.  All in all, these glasses were really nice. They were lightweight. They were comfortable. The ease of swapping out sunglass lenses and or putting in your own lenses or blue light filter. Primo. These were fun to wear. They're fun to listen to. And I would put make it right up there as a top notch product in the cool stuff found. And getting to meet Paula Abdul, seen as I'm somebody who grew up in the 80s. That was pretty cool too. So until until the next item I review, this is Pilot Pete from the Mac Geek GAB. Thanks for listening and don't get caught.


you as part of World Localization Day to spread that so that these initiatives can happen all over the world. Some people think it sounds contradictory to have World Localization Day. No, this is not about some isolated selfish thing. I'm just going to look after myself. This is about a paradigm shift and a structural path that is beneficial to the human population, to model Kaya.


Now, former governor of Able state, Ikea di Ohaakim has responded to allegations regarding disputes among former governors in the state. Ohaakim denied involvement in any revolt against governor Uzodemma. Able to better appreciate the gains of continuity, even if potentially it is better to illustrate what the absence of continuity could give rise to in the light of our own experience in the state. Number one, take the Wonderland project at Uguhta, which my administration started. When we went to the capital market to raise the seed fund for that project, it was oversubscribed by Nigerians. That project, which was designed to create over 2,000 jobs, was discontinued after I left office. And the huge fund in the project account misapplied. If that project had not been abandoned, what Uzodemma administration is doing today with respect to the Rashiriva dredging and free trade zone project would have been complementary and a continuation of the Wonderland project. Today, the benefits would have been enormous, especially as it would have caused the state less. However, I feel quite vindicated that another visionary leader was able to see what we saw earlier. Don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


If you're anything like me, you like to sleep. Now unfortunately, between family, work, and my TikTok obsession, I don't get nearly enough good Zs anymore. And this is why when I lay my head down to sleep on my huge pillow, I prefer to not get blasted out of bed come sunup. Which begs the question that I will try and answer today. Because I'm Kevin Callis from Wrestling Behind The Themes. And here are the 10 Worst Morning Alarm Clock Theme Songs by WWE. Brie Bella's Total Divas character was that of someone who became extremely obnoxious after having one too many kamikazes, which was then turned into the hashtag, Now this entrance theme would probably make for a decent club hit. But there ain't no way it should ever be used to wake you up before you go-go. Instead, we just want to say no-no to the awfully abhorrent auto-tune track which is just so jarring and un-musical that fans were totally put off by it. Much like when WWE attempted to make Brie Mode a thing like hulking up or something. Having a Native American war cry wake you up in the morning isn't exactly the way to go in my humble opinion. Sure, it'll do the trick, but at first you might feel like you're under attack. Now if you've been a fan of wrestling for the past few decades, then you recognize that this theme song belongs to none other than Tatanka. A native of North Carolina's Lumbee tribe, Tatanka was a popular upper-midcard workhorse for the Fed, who rose to prominence in the early 1990s, bolstered by an undefeated winning streak that lasted nearly two years. Now no offense meant toward his heritage, but hearing a screaming warrior at the butt-crack of dawn would be just as traumatic as getting an unwanted buzz cut. God bless Owen Hart.   But this tune isn't for this guy. Enough is enough, and it's time for a change is an edgy, industrial-sounding theme that fit his black-heart character to a T after the Montreal screwjob. One of the most influential wrestlers to ever lace a pair of boots, if there was anyone who had repeatedly shown the in-ring ability and promo skills necessary to be a top star in the business, it was the King of Hearts, who is still sorely missed today. Speaking of the hitman, I've always loved his theme music, even all the way back in the day when he was in the original Hart Foundation and tag-teaming with Jim the Anvil Night Hart. The pink and black attack had one of the finest fusions of hard rock, as their straightforward, business-like entrance tune was a fast-paced, exciting and energetic choice. The Banger somehow became even better when it was remixed by Jim Johnston into heart attack for Brett's solo WWE run.  And I'm sure that Brett would agree if that were to actually happen, it would obviously be Goldberg's fault. While Dusty Rhodes may have been the son of a plumber, the American dream couldn't touch TL Hopper. The World Wrestling Federation's favorite handyman in the mid-1990s. Along with his trusty plunger, Bessie, Hopper was no ordinary plumber. He was the worst kind fans were likely ever to see. And to reflect his character, or lack thereof, the company decided to use potty humor by flooding arena speakers during his entrance theme with an ominous lo-hum and layered over top of that was the repeated sound of, you guessed it, flushing toilets. Probably who this was supposed to appeal to beats me. But this bowel-moving music certainly wouldn't sit well with you when you're trying to get up and at them.  I Won't Do What You Tell Me is one of legendary composer Jim Johnston's greatest gifts to the WWE Universe. But it's not a theme that I'd be psyched out of my mind to hear when I'm sound asleep dreaming of puppy dogs and ice cream. However, using it for your AM alarm clock is a straight up hell to the no no. Speaking of asses, but not specific to or excluding fan asses, Scott Steiner excelled in pro wrestling for over three decades. First alongside his brother Rick as the innovative Steiner Brothers tag team, and then as a roided up, loud-mouthed ladies man who reinvented himself as Big Papa Pump, also known as Freak Zilla. Scott was infamous for backstage fights, drug test refusals, and rambling, unpredictable promos because he basically had zero Fs to give. With a lot of anger and resentment built up over the years, you'd be best to avoid using his holler if you hear me, WWE theme, for the simple fact that its blaring sirens don't make for a slow and gradual awakening. So back before I became a content creator, I spent some time in the corporate world and not to brag or anything, but I used to dress pretty dapperly. Some might say that I was even the second coming of Seth freaking Rollins. However, truthfully, I couldn't hold a freaking candle to the drip god. Now Rollins has been absolutely slaying at these days, and has also achieved almost every accolade imaginable over his main roster of WWE career. But this former theme of the architect ain't that great a choice for your morning music because hearing someone scream won't have you all set to pick out your snazziest suit. Rather, you'll stop, drop, and roll your way to the wrong side of the bed. In a fantasy world full of animals, beasts, and giants, Braun Strowman is a monster among men. An imposing grizzly bear standing 6'8 and close to 400 pounds, Strowman is like stupidly strong. And his former theme, while all fine and good, it's that opening roar that's the real recipe for disaster here. On a positive note, dare I say it's the present day version of Stone Cold's Glass Shattering? It's the kind of entrance tune that will pop the crowd massively. Which is why the WWE Universe raged on the internet after the company changed it upon his return in 2022. Nonetheless, it's definitely for the best to not set up this song as you hit the sack because you just might wake up a sleeping giant. Censorship is the most obnoxious entrance theme of all time. Sounding like a cross between an annoying car alarm and something you'd probably hear in a fallout shelter. Think about waking up on the wrong side of the bed. However, this was a great fit for the right to censor. Put together as a parody of the parent television council who were protesting WWE programming's level of violence and questionable content, this faction featured formerly risqué characters who had ultimately seen light and changed their inappropriate ways. Made at an eardrum busting volume, this theme made everyone hate the RTC, and for that it did its job. But even though a funky bass line and some drums were added to the track, it was still pretty gosh darn painful.