Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA the Foot Accountant, and welcome back to the channel. Today, we're gonna tackle a very interesting and kind of a tough question that I think has been circling around in a lot of your guys' minds. I've seen you guys talking in the comments about how you feel this market is being run and how EA may have ruined the market this year in FIFA, just with how the way they're structuring the content. So I wanna try to answer that question today and just kind of, again, look at it and talk about what is going on in this market, why it's so cheap, why it crashes all the time, and how it is definitely demotivating to lose coins and how the way that they make this game is sometimes the motivation to grind is hurt because of the way that they release content. So I wanna look at that a little bit, but also how we can adapt and how we can make moves on this market and be a little bit, play this game a little bit more stress-free in a way, but also realizing how EA makes the game impacts the market so much because they control this market, right? That's how they make money off this game. So we'll talk about that a little bit, but we're not gonna talk about that the whole time because there is a crazy market that is starting to rise a little bit like we talked about in yesterday's video. We are seeing some prices start to rise back with Path of Glories, with some of the impacts promo cards. And after the content that we had yesterday, it created a nice panic window to go in and to pick up some cards. And like we talked about in yesterday's video, that scenario played out almost perfectly as we had kind of mentioned it with the content that we had yesterday. So I wanna take a look at the content yesterday, how it made the market move and how things could go today. On a Monday that I'm very curious to see how things are gonna go today on Monday because what upgrade packs that we usually get on Monday, what is there to drop EA? Like there are so many upgrade packs already in this game. Like what else are they gonna drop? So that's what we're gonna kind of talk about today. Of course, with this market chat and also look at fodder because we've had some crazy movements up and down on the fodder market with maybe a potential for a little bit of a risky move investment today. If EA were looking to drop some more upgrade packs. We're gonna talk about that in more in this video. If you're set for it, hit the thumbs up, subscribe if you're new. Now let's talk about this market in general, right? The last two years on FIFA, the market has been cheaper than ever. And case in point, the best example to look at right now is Cristiano Ronaldo, right? Cristiano Ronaldo's gold card is 80,000 coins. This is the cheapest Ronaldo we have ever had at this point in the year. And just look at this, right? Last year, Ronaldo in a FIFA 22 market that was obviously a big change from years before, right? Last year's market in FIFA 22 was super, super crazy in itself. Last year at the end of November, Ronaldo was still 623,000 coins. Yes, his card looks way better last year with 87 paces instead of 81. But still that big of a difference from year over year on a big card and one of the best players in the world that so many people just play FIFA to get is 80,000 coins. That's kind of crazy. And I think that's where people are feeling like this market is demotivating, right? There's no motivation to play this game and to grind the game when so many of the players that you can get are so cheap, right? It used to be a goal of people that played FIFA and it still is to get messy, to get Ronaldo, right? I remember playing FIFA 15 back in the day and my ultimate goal in FIFA 15 was to get Zlatan Ibrahimovic. I grinded until November. I bought him for 270,000 coins and I kept him in my team until like January when he was down to like 170K or, you know, it was even like March, he was like 170K. You know, in this game nowadays, you can't hold a card for more than a week or two before it's like dropping over half in value. But that's the way that EA run this game now because that's how they make the money. And I gotta be honest with you guys, I know that I did go to the EA event, kind of we're partnered with EA and the EA Creator Network, but that is not gonna stop me from being real about knowing how EA run this game because the reason why I make these videos and we talk about all of this is to maneuver the market in a way that helps us succeed in this game without spending money if we don't want to, right? And I think that's the biggest, it's becoming more of a challenge with all the content that EA drops. That's the way they're trying to get people to spend more money on this game is making cards irrelevant quicker than ever. That's why Ronaldo is 82,000 coins. That's why Messi is fodder as a 91-rated card. One of the cheaper 91-rateds in this game, Messi is like 60K now guys because that is where EA make their money is they put out new promo cards all the time because ultimate team, right? The aspect of ultimate team is to grind and to get the best team possible so that you can go out and have fun with those cards. But the way they're doing that with all the insane content is making all the older cards on the market irrelevant, super duper fast, and it's making the market super cheap. We saw it last year, they improved the pack weight, not saying the pack weight is great because of course, we all know that, you know, you're not packing Ronaldo every day but that's not how it should be, right? That wouldn't make sense if it was that way either. Pack weight is better and that makes prices go lower but also at the same time, you know, it just seems like everything is so supplied and so cheap that what is there to grind for, right? So it's kind of like a tug of war between those two things and it's just still weird in the way that the market is this year. We just kind of have to adapt, right? And I love hearing your comments down below and I think maybe some of this whole FIFA is dying off already this early in the year, it shouldn't be happening, conversation started with the whole lengthy versus explosive and controlled when they did the update to that a couple of weeks ago. I think that maybe the new call of duty coming out kind of hurt this game a little bit in terms of the motivation to grind but also at the same time we're in the middle of the World Cup, right? I bet from a casual perspective, EA is noticing that so many more people are playing FIFA right now because of the World Cup and thinking about the sport of football because think about it, FIFA is the number one place outside of playing the actual sport in real life physically yourself. This is the number one place to go and enjoy the football game, right? On a virtual pitch, this is the number one game that you can go and have those same feelings on a controller, right? So I think that's why there's a lot of hype for just game in general right now but it feels like it's maybe dwindling. For us, hardcore is it feels like it maybe is just lacking a little bit because of where the market is and because of all the insane content seems like an overload and last week with the content during Path of Glory seemed like pretty quiet and stuff. I completely get it but I think it's also we're just accustomed to this new way that EA is doing FIFA and it's, I mean we're not accustomed to it yet where it's still crazy how the content just drops super duper duper fast. So EA wants to keep us chasing the next card. This is not going to change anytime soon because that's how they make their money and we just kind of have to adapt, right guys? Because again, the market is the same as it was last year. Last year was a big change. It's even cheaper than it was last year, right? That's what we've been saying and talking about and it's obvious to see but EA is going to keep it going this way because they must be making absolute bank, right? We obviously don't see, they don't tell us. I mean they do in their earnings reports but they don't tell us how many FIFA points they sell on a daily basis but I'm sure it's going up and up and up just because of the way that they are making people feel and playing with their emotions with this game and all the content that they drop. So it's not a question of how can we change this market? How can EA change it? Because we kind of sleep, we're kind of just at the mercy of how they make this game and how they want to make the content because it's their company, it's their game and they want to make money but that's why we just have to adapt and we have to kind of keep up to speed or do things like we've been talking about all year long to stay away from where the general direction of the market is headed. And if you take a look at my team and I mean I've been saying this from the beginning of the year, I encourage you guys to run mostly untradable squads as well, SBCs come out at decent values, right? Objectives to complete. You look at my squad here, I've got half of a team that's filled up with objective, I mean it's a full untradable squad. Yes, PAC luck has helped out a little bit but even without any of the PAC luck we've got multiple SBC cards in here with Kessie, Quadrado, River E, we've got the Tellez, I packed Cordoba from one of those gamble PACs, I packed Rudy Voler from my pre-order PAC, Papan I packed from an upgrade PAC, so doing those PACs and stuff like that if you save your coins for some of that and then you save also some of your coins or just going out and trying players that you wanna try, I think that you can save yourself a lot of heartache and a lot of coin loss on the market just by being careful with what you buy, when you buy it and just realizing that anything you hold in this game for a longer period of time is gonna end up losing your coins, right? That's something that we know now over a longer period of time, even like a couple of weeks, you mean you look at some of the prices of these gold cards or some of these promo cards like Path of Glory is from two weeks ago? Yeah, they were a lot higher than what they are now even though those cards are still alive. So that's just kind of the way that the game is and yes, you could argue that it is killing off the game because there's less to grind for and it hurts the motivation to grind but also there's new stuff coming out and the content is better than ever. If you look at it through that lens as well so we just kind of have to adapt and we have to keep going and kind of just know how we need to maneuver the market and how we need to use buy cards for our teams and not keep them in there as long because in the end that's not gonna work out too well for our coin balance because without coins of FIFA you can't do as much as you would like to and EA know that. So that's how they sell FIFA points and that's how they keep this game moving to their advantage. So as long as you know that and realize that you can kind of maneuver your ultimate team and succeed an ultimate team in different ways with that knowledge there. So that's enough talking about that but I wanted to kind of address that because that's just something that has been going on and it's been a big talking point and really big conversation piece here recently and I wanted to bring it up on the video because I've hearing a lot of people even in the comments section saying they're quitting FIFA because they opened their packs, they've drained their account and now they're done or people saying this game is very demotivating. I completely understand you. I see you. And I just wanted to kind of bring that up and talk about it today because everybody is playing this game from a different standpoint as well. People like objectives. Some people don't. Some people like SBC. Some people don't. Everybody plays this game at a different pace at a different speed and a different casual or hardcore level. So there's all different opinions all around the sphere of what opinions you could have but I just want to kind of bring that out there today and talk about it because I do feel like there's a kind of a general consensus that the market this year is crazier than ever. It's hard to make coins and prices just continue to drop all year long but that's because when you think it through that helps EA make money on this game. So let's talk about this market though and let's flip the switch and transition to talking about what's happening today on this game on Monday because Mondays are usually big upgrade pack days but what in the world are we going to get for an upgrade pack unless EA dropped the Max 89 Hero World Cup SBC once again we already have multiple upgrade packs in terms of the 85 plus double, the 84 plus, the 83 plus player pick, right? The mixed campaign player pick is refreshing again not today but in a couple of days and of course yesterday we had the brand new 86 plus Hero, Ford Hero or World Cup Hero upgrade pack which a lot of people are working towards and you can do it three times. People are still working towards the 87 baseman icon upgrade pack. There's so much pack content in SBCs right now it's ridiculous on this game. What could we possibly get today on Monday? Well, like I said, besides that maybe World Cup Hero pack coming again it might be a decently quiet day on a Monday if we're being completely honest just because there's so much that is out there. Now also today is Cyber Monday, right? As a part of the whole Black Friday promo they have been doing more flash SBCs. This Black Friday flash challenge it was probably the last one for Black Friday. Maybe they do a couple more of these today. I could also see the potential for a few more lightning rounds today but if you take a look at the store I believe everything that is in the store right now expires tomorrow at content time or maybe slightly after. The only thing that's gonna expire after is the Black Friday 100 pack. So I'm not sure if we're getting lightning rounds today besides the token pack as well. I'm not expecting lightning rounds but I think it's possible just because of all its impacts EA wanna make that dough, right? And it's part of the whole Black Friday Cyber Monday type thing. So we'll see if they do more flash SBCs today I maybe would expect to see a couple more of those but I honestly wouldn't be surprised if it's a quieter day of content we'll just have to see what EA have up their sleeve. The only SBC that's kind of leaked right now is maybe a Schweinsteiger icon moments or not icon moments but like the World Cup icon Schweinsteiger that was leaked by Sheriff. Other than that we don't have too much else leaked at the moment but let's talk market because yesterday with that 86 hero upgrade the market kind of went crazy with that and that's what we talked about in yesterday's video of like guys wait for some more panic and then it would be time to pounce and I think yesterday on Sunday was a really, really good time to buy if you got the right cards some stuff has already started to go up. We had the Ericson SBC 2 which is decent value again these cards are not live and upgrading but for 40K it's an okay card another player pick and then the flash challenge but a lot of your cards not these wrote to the World Cup ones but a lot of your out of packs market some of your icons, some of your heroes started to bounce back after we had that extra panic yesterday after that SBC was dropped I mean look at Kuthier Merrill last night we were buying him for 120K and now he is really, really, really starting to rise. He was 118, 117,000 coins and you can see that after this SBC dropped after content yesterday there was a couple hours of panic selling and low prices and then zoom this stuff just really started to take off and it's not just those cards look at Bruno Gimmerich back up to 300,000 coins at the moment the market is kind of seemingly breathing again after it was stupid low over the weekend and prices just continued to drop and to drop and drop now we have some cards that are starting to rebound and to take off a little bit in price I mean take a look at like Wamba Saka even he's as an undercut at 75,000 coins yesterday Wamba Saka went from the low 70s up to about 83 went down again to the low 70s, mid 70s and started to go back up again you see that these fluctuations like that that tells me that people are looking to buy again and that they are looking to see these cards put into their teams and people are maybe buying some cards for teams again which is a good sign for this market and signs of life if you will so I think yesterday in that low point as we've looked at those couple of graphs was a really good opportunity to buy and I do think you could see the market rise up a little bit this morning once again now I've bought some cards for this specific purpose I think the golds are lower to your cards or what I like the most you know a lot of people have been investing in these that's the only I guess worry that I have is keep a close eye on some of these gold cards like the Ronaldo, the Vinny, the Messi maybe or Kyle Walker some people have been investing in these cards pretty heavily if there is any sort of panic today I think these cards could be slightly over invested but it feels like this market is in a place again where we could see prices rise up a bit today and then after content today stuff could maybe keep going if the content is an L if the content is quiet then that is something that we could absolutely see but again we really just don't know but it feels like the major panic sell the major sell off from the weekend is kind of done and we're kind of maybe pushing towards the light at the end of the tunnel if you will with some of these prices moving up a little bit so if you bought cards yesterday that was a big W I think there's maybe even some more opportunity today if there's any more panic selling today on Monday I think that'd be a great opportunity to pick up some of these cards as well the one for your team specifically the out of packs or you know I'd be careful with the gold cards but the PTG cards for sure and maybe some of your World Cup hero cards that are kind of starting to rebound back a bit I feel like the market maybe again as we said have some will have some room to breathe as we head into Monday today on this game now let's talk fodder because I know a lot of you guys need fodder your clubs are kind of dry like mine are right now like Nate how do I get fodder right now or can I invest can I buy 84s 85s are up big because of the hero pack that was dropped yesterday right there's an 85 requirement in one of those squads 85s are up big I think some of this fodder that is in demand is actually gonna go up even more today as people get their weekly rewards they go out they buy some cards to finish off these SBCs I honestly do believe you will see some of this fodder go up today but the other part of the fodder market that's down bad is the top tier take a look at 88s yeah these guys were 48,000 coins look at this drop almost a 50% drop in one day on all of these cards it's all because the max 89 hero pack went away I mean there is a slight bit of potential that EA could re-release that max 89 hero pack today on Monday that would be a pretty crazy SBC to release if EA do it I mean that would be kind of nuts if I'm being honest but it's possible and these cards would go back up that's like the risky fodder investment if you really think that pack is coming today or if there's a leak I mean what you really could do is you could just wait for that SBC to drop and then today at content time if you see that max 89 with the same requirements 388 pluses you could go back out to the market and spam by 88s because you see that that SBC going away has single handedly dropped these cards so much in price I mean take a look at 91s 56K for Levandowski and what was he yesterday? Yeah he was like 70,000 coins so big drops everywhere on the 88s and above but it's all because that max world cup max 89 world cup SBC has gone away from the game so keep an eye on that side of fodder but if you still have some of the load to your stuff it might go up a little bit more today and to be honest it might not stop going up depending on the lightning rounds depending on the supply if we have flash SBCs or tradable it just depends on the supply today where fodder will continue to go but this is where all the hype is still in the SBC section people are gonna be doing SBCs if there's not much content today and that could continue to make fodder go up a little bit more as well it's just gonna be I'm really genuinely curious to see where it goes today but regardless it is very very nice to see that the market has some life once again and it's nice to see prices moving upwards like I said with the new mini release that we have yesterday the Busquets card was my best flip on the day I bought how many of these six of these at 175K sold them all at 215 to 220 he is back down a little bit I bought a Figo at 837 sold it for 937 he even went a little higher than that I bought Modric at 220 sold it for 247 and I've got some stuff listed and picked up for hopefully a bit of a rise today on Monday as well I'm definitely investing a lot of my coins once again to try to make some good profits into today as again it just feels like this market is starting to breed again that's the concept and that's the terminology we're gonna use ooh what a Sniper Busquets that we missed that would have been fantastic so this Busquets card is mad rare really really big upgrade on this card and I just don't know if he has the hype to go above 200K but we'll see what we'll see right we know that these many of these cards can be super duper rare but again I just wanted to talk theoretically about the market in this video today because I know so many people are trying to catch up and figure out like what is going on with this market if you were to wait for the holiday or something and you come back this game and you see things all crazy and such I completely understand the confusion and oh my goodness I'm losing so many coins I get that losing coins is never fine and it always sucks last thing I will say potential for more swap tokens today I just don't know how many EA want to give us right away I believe right now we are on 32 or 31 swap tokens I think it's 32 that means if we would get eight more tokens today if they were to drop another one of these like week three World Cup swaps we would be up to 40 tokens and for my guys trying to grind Viera you would be up to your 40 tokens available to get Viera if you've grinded every single one so that potential is there I could also see EA only releasing like four tokens today maybe and kind of holding a few back from us so that we can't get the Viera already so we'll just have to see what they do because World Cup icons just dropped this weekend right so I wonder if EA will hold us back a little bit in that category but watch for those objective tokens to be dropped today on the game as well but it's nice to see the market fluctuating and specifically fluctuating up and moving once again on this game after a crazy day yesterday I lost maybe 150K but I made back over 250,000 coins from all the stuff that you have to see here with those Busquets being a bulk of that move and then hopefully even more profit coming in for me today on this game that would be much, much needed as we move the coin balance upwards and onwards from the coin losses that has happened over the past couple of days but again, I appreciate you guys tuning in to this video if you do have any comments on what we talked about, drop them down below if you did enjoy the video, smash the thumbs up and of course subscribe if you are new it's been Nathan Ford Account I'll catch you guys later, peace.


Heavy Weapons Jax is the latest combatant to join the roster of Mortal Kombat X-Mobile. Jax is a member of the military elite, defending Earth from the fight against all invading forces. Being a Special Forces powerhouse, Jax's most notable stat is his intimidating toughness rating of 1200, which keeps him in the fight to hand out beat downs until your victim's brutal, bitter end. Jax is a natural leader, and this shows in his passability. Any member of the Special Forces that team up with Jax will receive a 30% toughness boost, allowing them to follow Jax into the heat of battle, even against the most insurmountable odds. Let's take a look at Jax's special moves. Special 1 is called Gacha Beat Down. With this special, Jax uses his classic gacha grab and impounds his foe relentlessly. This special is activated with the Scattertap Mini Hang. Special 2 is called Blah Blast. With this special, Jax can break your opponent's shield and spirit, by delivering a rocket straight to where it hurts most. But the best part, even the rest of the enemy team is insane. This special's Blast radius will also hurt enemies that are tagged down, trigger this special ability using the Accuracy Mini Hang. Finally, Jax's x-ray is called Great. This powerbomb does extreme damage to his adversary, while also increasing Jax's power generation, allowing him to keep pouring on the pain. Jax's military leadership will help all Special Forces teammates use heavy weapons Jax to help level up Silver or Bronze characters by giving them a 30% toughness boost. Make sure you outfit Jax with his iconic Cybernetic Arms, available in the Equipment Pack. At max level, this equipment gives Jax a chance to reflect 100% of an enemy's special attack, turning their own power against them. Unlock heavy weapons Jax in the current challenge, live on Mortal Kombat X-Mobile. Mortal Kombat X-Mobile is available on Google Play and in the Apple App Store. Get some!


This is poltergeist, and it's not a pokemon you want to find. It may look like synesty, but it's a completely different pokemon, just like Wiglet and Diglet. When this grass ghost type pokemon appears, it may first seem like a good thing as it dusts you with matcha powder, making you feel good. But it gets worse.  Look what it did to this lady. It also literally took out 18 kids and 4 adults in this clip because they didn't finish and had matcha powder on their food.  Will you be adding this pokemon to your team? I won't because


Man, just so bad bro.  Here's the team Bro, we need Parham bro. How much is he? Should I try to get like should I try to go 25 and 0 or something with this team? Is that my goal like? this is actually a My champions Running like a safety bro, I need a safety that guy lurk with bro Bro Justin Reed is like the bro.   So awesome at the game. So glad you play mud Dude, I swear to God this Justin. I gotta get somebody else, bro I feel like I'm so like unathletic. I was so worried about apki one-on-one with what would pits Please kick three. Please kick three. Please kick three. Please kick three. Please Dude, are we like looping it all on this guy, dude? No Oh, man, dog. I should have just ran covered before I know I I like didn't expect him just quick snap Just fourth and four.  He's on the corner over there Like he's literally lurking on the corner and cover three. Like who does that man? Oh My god, my screen is shaking. We're in shambles right now Jared Owens is on the corner randomly. He's got the Christmas jerseys Herbert might be the worst quarterback in the game. I'll be honest with you He might really be the worst quarterback in this game. How is it the second quarter already? Like what happened? Like, how are we like?  I'm getting like dizzy, man. Let's go waddle Free form free form. You see it. You see it. Oh, you see it.  Let's back up. Let's back. Let's back. I'm telling you we could bag it We don't need a loop bro. That's my that's where I lost my that's why I f***ed up by trying to loop Tuck our you'm saying tuck our tails between our legs. Let's go Jared let's go Jared. Baja Jared. It's no way Step farm is let's go man, and we're back. I may never lose with no money spent this year may never lose with him Okay, let's go. We got the we got the forces with us Got a windows. Oh, I didn't lose though.   So that we free for my god pick and you could blame mole because it just didn't put the ball where I wanted it Now we gotta fight. Oh Dude if this guy realized he doesn't need to pass we're in trouble and we got weak box Nice just great game. How many people do I have to have in the box to not get weak box? Are we kidding? Are you kidding me this game? We're gonna put my sister in the box RPO power peak. That's what it is. That's what happened. He ran RPO power peak That's what Maddie told us I mean, this guy is scrolling through plays in three three five right now Come on. I'm not on side kicking this guy does me a pic.  We're getting some bodies on the floor now. I can't be in three three five man But let's get busy and let's get in here boys. We're getting low when I say low. I mean low We still got weak boxed five people blitzing. He knows something we're in shambles right now Come on big stop. Don't know how to don't know how I'm in shambles. I'm in shambles. I'm in shambles.  Let's go. Come on. Oh, it's just no way I just can't even get off the line. How many zones do I need for y'all to play man? The good news or the bad news the good news is he'll kick a field wall I can't let me anymore yards. This field wall has to be hard. No, he's playing some high rock pass commit pass commit Motion would step back from that. Let's my friend With Mayo then he said with Mayo like come on dog That was a bronze badge. So it could be a questionable person All right, my boys are getting this my boys are getting disrespected on opening kickoff. Hold up. Oh, you're so pro Bro, yeah, it's so good. Now. I'm gonna go a quick snap this play right here cuz I'm good at the game Thank you, bro. Good cross take this to the crib.   Yeah, Troy Apke.   I need to find a ren for I need a right a route runner, dude That was just a pro dog. Who am I playing right now dog? What are you doing? That's free form. That's free form. That's free form. That's free form Come on Harper. You're the last line of love This is nasty, bro Thought he's gonna be catching everything in traffic, dude Like what the course Marquis Brown catches the ball and gets in a tackle battle rather than just give me a feel for it there No way man get out of here.   Oh, yeah Patterson having a huge game. Let's go man Like this team is getting lost like I like cuz it's just no way we comfortably throwing these passes Probably dude, I need I need new deans, bro. I really need new deans I sweat and and the nail hunter are like pointless, bro. Is this all pro? What am I playing?   I'm here No, I'm also one on one And bounce and bounce clock no way we hit them out No way he catches that 14 seconds, there's just no way Do you want to do this do you do you really want to do this? I'm gonna ask you one time. Do you really want to see what I'm about right here Do you really want to see what a man is about right here? Do you really want to see what I'm about right here? Do you really want to see what I'm about right now? I Don't think you do play to play a pimp-to-pimp. I don't think you'll do it.  Oh, no Never on the goal line with a man like me you got a better chance than hell Then on the goal line against a man like me. Come on, man. Gee geez only boys. There it is boys. No money spent


Yes, good evening. This is the first restaurant for internship Burger King in Zwickau. Everything is equipped for the guests and you can also sit open air outside. And they are looking for a lot of stuff. Here I will bring about five applicants for restaurants, for kitchen, working in kitchen, for culinary, et cetera. Also waitress, waiter, et cetera, et cetera. And if you have a driving license you can also go and bring food to the clients outside. And it is well paid and you have a lot of social benefits. You are paid for accommodation. You are paid for health insurance. You get an attractive salary for the job here and you get after the internship an offer for working here longer. Good morning. My company, Edu Wildweit, is looking for students as well as for employees for studying or working in Germany. Thank you. The Burger King in Zwickau is placed on a traffic line between two cities. And so you have a lot of guests here. A higher frequency of Burger King. It's a very attractive place. It's only about 20 minutes far away from your accommodation. It's very nice to get by public transport in summer as well as in wintertime. And as I have already told you, you have an attractive salary here with job opportunities, amazing job opportunities after the internship.


Next question is from LTDXS, is inserting isometric holds into the middle of a workout effective? Oh, isometric training fell out of favor, not because of lack of effectiveness. I really think it fell out of favor because lots of machines and pieces of equipment were being invented and gyms can't sell isometric training because there's not really equipment, lots of equipment for it. But if you go back, some of the best training advice you'll ever get when it comes to building muscle is the pre steroid bodybuilding muscle building era. So when you go back and you look at guys like Eugene Sandow, you know, John Grimmick, Steve Reeves, you know, these guys before steroids really became a big thing, they figured out how to maximize muscle building and strength without, they didn't even have supplements. They didn't even take supplements like, you know, creatine or protein powders. It was all about their training and nutrition. They were the first that really figured out how vital the central nervous system was in the whole process of getting stronger. Dude, isometric training was a big, so isometric training was such a big part of the routine when if you read comic books up until I'd say the 80s, and I have old comic books is when I got into them in the 90s, I'd buy old ones, in the back of them was these Charles Atlas ads for, and it was like some dude, you know, some skinny guy on the beach with his girlfriend and then some big dude kicks sand in his face and he gets up and gets pumped. And then he goes and gets Charles Atlas' routine, gets all jacked and goes beat some up, but the routine was actually 100% based off of isometrics. And they called it dynamic tension. Isometrics work, the Soviets used it quite a bit to help them dominate weightlifting during the Cold War. It doesn't just give you strength in the position that you're training, because you're frozen with isometrics, it also gives you strength in ranges of motion outside of that. It doesn't damage the muscles that much. It's like 15 to 20 degrees further. Oh, it's amazing, it's amazing. It's also extremely safe and smart when you have clients. That's a big fact. So there's actually companies now, there's brands that have completely branded themselves around isometrics. In fact, there's a company or a brand called Slow Zone, I believe is what it's called. And it targets the advanced age and it's isometric and extremely slow movement. So the safety. Yeah, and just by creating tension, holding, intensifying, intrinsically, moving really, really slow or holding still in position. And there's enough research to support the benefits of that. And like you said, it's fallen in a favor. It's just one of those things that isn't very sexy. It's hard to see what's happening too when you see someone do an isometric position. Where are they tensing up? Where is this tension going? Yeah, it requires a lot of coaching and a lot of, yeah, like you're understanding of what you need to produce with that. And so to be able to then add more effort to a position that you're in. And I think that, you know, there's even some yoga practices where you're in these poses where you actually now you're really trying to like, you know, dig into that with your muscles and really feel your way through that and get more tense with that. But it's all, it has to come from within, which again, to the safety point is you can really make these things intense, but you can also back off at any second. So it allows that kind of versatility. It's also great for, you know, I used to love to use it in coaching like clients is to in the middle of a rep of any exercise, whether it be a squat, even a basic bicep curl or shoulder press is I would do a light enough weight that I know they could hold it in that position. So we do a light weight, they go through it and I'd freeze them somewhere in the movement. And then I'd actually, then I'd go over and manually adjust their body and then tell them you should be feeling this here, thinking about your core being drawn in here, engaging your glutes and like really get them to understand like, these are all the things that you should be thinking about through this movement. Such a cool tool to use for coaches and trainers, not just for clients and unseen results. And you know what's funny to me is that in the 60s and 70s, because bodybuilders actually do, they don't talk about isometric training, but they actually do a lot of isometric training. They pose, right? So bodybuilders will practice their front double bicep, back double bicep rear lat spread and their, you know, the abs shot and side chest and all that stuff. And when you're posing on stage, you have to, your whole body is being displayed. So front double bicep, they're not just looking at your biceps, they're looking at everything. So you have to learn how to tense everything up and smile. So you have to develop this incredible amount of control. And if you've never tried this, try this.  Oh yeah.   Yeah. And hold it for 10 seconds. Yeah, it's not easy. No, not at all without shaking and looking like it. Anyway, so bodybuilders do this all the time. And Arnold, in those days, this was a part of their routine. So what he used to do, so back in the 70s, cardio wasn't something that bodybuilders did a lot of. They just didn't. They lifted weights, they dieted, but what they would throw in to their routine as they got closer to competition was posing. Lots and lots of posing. So Arnold would start to do 30 minutes of posing, 45. And he would work up to two hours of posing every single day as he got closer to competition, obviously burning a ton of calories. And if you look at Arnold in the, when he competed in the 70s, he was very lean. He was looked at least healthy. He wasn't as shredded as they are today, but the drugs that they took back then were different. But he looked healthy at least on stage. So this is something you should definitely incorporate into your routine, especially if you're stuck at home. This is actually a big component in our at home program maps anywhere as well. And we put them in there specifically because you don't need equipment and they're very effective.


Coming up on this edition of Inside Look they are the two most important words in California's massive firefighting efforts mutual aid. It's really neighbor helping neighbor but it's an extensive elaborate fabulous system that is in place in California doesn't exist any other place in the world. We're going behind the scenes to get an inside look at what happens when the fire season heats up here in California. Plus we'll take a tour of one of the specialized firefighting rigs headed to a community near you. Cal OES logo inside look OES news dot com. Welcome to Inside Look I'm Brian May in the Cal OES newsroom and today we are talking about mutual aid. It's what happens when your local fire department needs help from outside. You may not know it but it's in use every day battling California's most difficult wildfires. Simply put mutual aid is truly neighbor helping neighbor. It's the system that gets help from anywhere to anywhere at any time. Every day at Cal OES headquarters in Sacramento there's constant coordination happening between incident commanders at the wildfires and those responsible for deciding the next best move. Think of this as a 911 call for first responders who needs what where can we get it and how long will it take to get there. Everything from fire engines to specially trained firefighting teams. There is no real fire season specifically anymore. It's kind of an all year kind of event in California. But but we are an all risk mutual aid system which means that we have to be able to respond to all kinds of events. And it's not uncommon year round that we're having to move these mutual aid assets up and down the state. And it's not uncommon to see resources from San Diego as far north is humble Donor County or vice versa. As well as we do business. It has some fragile sides of the house. It depends on neighbor helping neighbor. In the old days that was literally your neighbor. Today it's actually Cisco County going all the way down to San Diego or San Diego all the way up to Cisco County. It's a very great system for a robust but our job is to manage that coordinate it and feed it as best we can and try to make the adjustments accordingly. Keeping that complex system working effectively as you can imagine is a constant juggling act for fire officials. During the summer fire season there's often hundreds of firefighters traveling from one incident to another in California.  Well here's the inside scoop. What you saw is what the fire service calls a strike team. It's a caravan of five engines usually 20 to 25 people and it's usually a combination of local state and Cal OES resources. A telltale sign that it's a strike team. Well look for the mix of different fire departments working together as one single team. And at Cal OES there are over 140 engines and equipment specifically for mutual aid. These are strategically placed throughout the state for quick response. I want us to take a closer look now at one of these strike team engines. So we are joined by Bill Bonchu assistant chief with the OES fire and rescue division chief. So much. Thank you so much for joining us. I know you've got one of your engines behind us. Can you describe what this is and what all it can do. Sure be happy to. This is a 2016 HME what we call our model 34. It's a type three engine purchased by OES. We have 40 of these in the state and they're assigned to various departments around California and they're staffed and used when we request them. It's a four wheel drive unit. It's high wheelbase so it can get into tough country. It carries 500 gallons of water pumps 750 gallons a minute. It has foam capabilities and like I say carries four people. This is their brass compartment. There's all kinds of adapters in here. For example this adapter here is used to tap into an existing line to branch a line off from up up and you can see it reduces different sizes as well. The pump panel here is the feature for the apparatus engineer. He can determine how much water he has in his tank. He can monitor the pressure that's going out on the hose lines. He can inject foam into the hose lines to help the firefighters more effectively extinguish the fire. A lot of things that this can do. There's a lot of compartmentation in here for the folks because they're out on 14 day assignments so they carry their line gear, their fire bags, out of county bags. They're out for 14 days sometimes so they have to have their creature comforts or sleeping bags or tents. There's long handled tools. There's chainsaws. We also carry thermal gel in the back. There's a portable pump that they can use if they're near a creek bed. They can replenish the engine's water and continue the firefighting effort. It carries medical equipment for medical purposes for the firefighters themselves or if we run across something from the public. And yeah, they're very nice engines. They're very, very sought after. And when these engines get assigned to a local agency, you can tell where they're assigned because the local agency will put their name on the side of these engines, correct? Yeah, that's correct. And so we, like when they're at fires, they'll be grouped up. Sometimes we'll have 20 of them and we can tell by the side door who they belong to, but we can also tell by their strike team designator where what part of the state they came from to our fire.  This is probably the most critical asset that we have that we can offer up to the forest agencies. The demand for these this year has exceeded more than we can all provide. And I think it's primarily because of the wildland-urban interface. These engines can get up into those narrow driveways and do a lot of good in protecting structures and doing structure defense than the big city engines. These are much more suitable for that kind of environment. So you're saying this one will not be sitting on our lot very long before being reassigned? No, I don't think so. I think this one's going to get going here pretty quick. Chief, thank you so much for taking time and joining us and showing the ins and outs of these beautiful trucks. Okay, thanks for having me. It's been a pleasure. If you'd like to learn more about California's mutual aid system, you can visit the Cal OES fire and rescue branch page at caloes.ca.gov. Or if you're in the fire service, visit firescope.org for helpful resources. And as always, we encourage you to watch more stories like this at our online newsroom, oesnews.com. We also like hearing from you. So join the discussion on our Facebook page and follow us on Twitter and Instagram. And that will do it for this edition of Inside Look. I'm Brian May for all of us here in the Cal OES newsroom. Thanks for watching. Cal OES logo inside look oesnews.com


history is here to help. I'm Jay Fidel. This is Think Tech Hawaii. And that's your handsome young man is Peter Hoffenberg. We're all here to help. Answer is usually not an adjective. Thank you. Obviously, your glasses need cleaning. But thank you very much. It's always good to be here to chat. And we're going to talk about climate change and other disasters and how they affect history. This is really important because we have so many things now that are either disasters or potential disasters, including bad storms, floods, droughts, famine, what have you, that all these things affect the line of history.  You must have sort of a general thought about this if you connect the dots from history to history, from point of inflection to point of inflection, a lot of those points of inflection will be disastrous. I'm thinking of the black plague in the 14th century. That changed everything. And that was one of the kind of disasters, the inflection points that we need to appreciate if we're going to appreciate European history. I would say world history as well. You're absolutely right. It's something I do actually lecture on and study. So I'm more than happy to discuss it with you, to field any questions. Just as an introductory way with my students, we look at something like the pandemic or a natural, which is somewhat natural and has social implications. And I ask them to think about a couple of issues that catastrophes raise and also how we think about catastrophes in history. So I'm more than happy. You can shoot the questions at me or I can introduce the way I discuss with students, whatever's best for you. Yeah, I want to let you know in advance that some of these questions are really hard, very unfair questions. Those are the only ones I enjoy. Me too. When I'm asking someone else, of course, of course.  A major thing like climate change. And it's biblical in the sense that humanity is being tested and humanity is failing the test as we watch. I mean, we can see Florida, for example, all the sad stories and all the houses broken and people losing their property and their pet dog, whatever it is. And their lives. Their lives. That's as well. Yes. Yeah. I mean, horrible change in circumstances. All negative. Okay. And when you multiply that by virtually millions, okay, you must conclude as an historian or as a sociologist that there's an inflection point there. There's a doctor connect and it's it's leading downward. But here's my question. Can you can you play it out for me? Can you tell me how that expression of climate change and other expressions of climate change and there are many more. And it's just a, you know, wildfires, floods, droughts, lack of food, extinctions of animals and plants, starvation of populations, resulting violence, famines, disease, of course, all that. It all comes from climate change. And my unfair question to you, how does this affect history? When you knit all these things together and you make a kind of, you know, a progress chart. What is the process and where does it take us? Okay, that is a tough question. And it'll take a couple of weeks. But let me try to give some helpful answers, I hope, and then we can continue. We look at a crisis like this as a historian. So I'm not an environmental scientist. I'm not a food scientist. But if I, when I and my students look at a crisis like climate change and the catastrophic waves in which climate change has unfolded, we can ask some of the same questions. We're not, we're not sure if this is the end of all ends, if it is actually apocalyptic. But we can ask, ask questions which we ask of the other catastrophes that you mentioned. So for example, does a catastrophe not only create new problems, but reveal some of the existing structural problems? And I think the answer is yes, right? So we can see that again, catastrophes disproportionately hurt poor and vulnerable people who are poor and vulnerable in society. So some scholars, there's an, including a philosopher argues that a catastrophe, as Ronka said, is a darkness that allows us to see. So a catastrophe, if society takes advantage of it, right, catastrophes actually expose existing problems. And even though you're too young to remember this, the Great Depression is a good example of this. Where the Great Depression, some argued, right, needed a few tweaks here and there, and others argued and exposed the rot of capitalism. So that's one historical point of view that we can say, and the pandemic is that case, right? Pandemic again hit people most vulnerable who are already, right, most vulnerable. So that'd be one response where it's headed. Secondly, is that as a historian, we always look at language. How do people describe things? And your biblical reference is very helpful. Because in the West, we often think in apocalyptic terms. But in apocalyptic terms, for example, in Christianity, right, the end of days, will then create the afterlife and perfection. So we always have to wrestle a little bit, right, with the religious understanding. Is this the, you know, the book of Acts, and then the time of the return of the Messiah? Certainly, some people argue, right, catastrophes are signs that were headed towards a kind of perfection. Let me stop you there and reflect on the points you just made. In reverse order, if you think about the apocalyptic analysis, I think it's a lazy way out. It's a lazy way out. It's not making the analysis we need to make about where all these dots and threads are going. We have to be smarter than that.  You can't just say it's an apocalypse. You can't do that. You have to get real. You have to tell us where these threads are taking us and how life is going to be different for the survivors. Because not everybody survives a disaster. And I think that's one element I would throw into the pot.   That is really a trick question. I'm sorry I didn't announce it as a trick question. I understood it to be a trick question. Because all these threads are all connected. And the real challenge is to look at the other threads that are revealed by climate change and related disasters and connect those other threads too. Because they're, you know, they're all worked together. I shouldn't say all, not all, and that's also a challenge to find out which essential ones to work together. Essential ones, but some don't. And so you have to make a choice about which is essential and which is not. And so history is a combination of threads, very complicated. And if you did a Microsoft chart on it, you know, it would be as big as all humanity that chart, because there are so many factors and things that are under the, under the surface, you know, after you drain the swamp, so to speak, that, you know, it would take you a lifetime just to figure out the connections. I don't know if historians do that. Do they do that? And should they do that? Well, historians as far as we'll say catastrophes in the past, not, we're a little wary of suggesting where this could go. I really trust the environmental scientists much more than myself. But to answer your question, yes, scholars do. And there's some very helpful books. Simon Winchester has a book about Krakatoa. And the explosion of Krakatoa is, I think, a good healthy example of what you're talking about, how Krakatoa affected really much of the world, including it probably provoked jihadist rebellions as far away as the Sudan. So that was a good example of how in the 19th century Krakatoa, El Nino is a book by Mike Davis, an author who lives on the big island and a journalist who traces El Nino as a climate catastrophe. So I think you're absolutely right. Most historians try to do that. The difficulty we have is some of us are wary, right, of venturing into areas we don't really know very much about. So when you look at the Black Death, you really have to start with the medical history. You have to understand how it was brought, how it affected people. So historians are interested in its impact on the labor market and food, but we often have to call upon our medical or health scholars. Like Robert Littner who teaches here is an expert on the plague in Athens. That required him to do some medical research. I think the answer is it's done. It's done best though when a historian says, I don't know everything. Let me call upon some of the experts. Okay, but if I walked around UH Manoa, I would find a lot of the academics say I'm into multidisciplinary studies. I gather data on a multitude of disciplines and issues across the board. And although I may be in one school focusing on this subject of that, this science of that, I also wrap around other schools focusing maybe not so scientific and sociology would have you, more history. And I'm thinking the future of academia must include a multidisciplinary person who is yes, an historian, but also a scientist who will not say, I'm sorry, I can't talk about that because that's for somebody else. He will say, I can talk about that because I wrap around all of these things and I'm willing to give you the comprehensive. That is being done. Right now there's a whole school of study on what's called the Anthropocene, the geological era of humanity, basically. And the Anthropocene, excuse me, is really a study of climate change. And that includes political scientists, environmental scientists, historians, etc. I'm not sure if there's an individual I could point to, but certainly the scholarship is there. The difficulty, as you know, is the public perception of that scholarship. We still have a political debate in the face of these crises. We still have a political debate about whether or not there is something called climate change, which humanity is affecting, or folks who argue that this kind of climate change we've seen before. So we've seen extinctions. This was a lot of magical, non-scientific thought going out there. But scholars are doing what you mentioned. I can't tell you a single person, but there are study groups. And even here on campus, we have people studying the Anthropocene who talk to each other. So I think the work is being done.  We're a little wary of projecting the future. But don't we ultimately need that in order to examine the very larger issues? I would like to see an article or a book about where exactly is climate change taking us. Because it doesn't, you know, you can't have the disaster scenario, and I mean disaster, I mean the apocalypse scenario without examining how the different threads are connected. By the way, I want to go back to your reference to Krakatoa. In my notes here, I actually included Krakatoa, and I included Vesuvius too, you know, as a big disaster. But let's take Krakatoa, let's take the Jihad that you mentioned. How have historians connected up?  And Jihad, how can you make that connection? This is a really good case study. So the thesis is that Krakatoa, first of all, was not a local event. So we have to understand that Vesuvius was primarily a local event. Krakatoa, like a storm and crisis in the early 18th century, affected much of the globe. So the argument is that as it affected much of the globe, as we're seeing today, it did at least two things. One, if you had a kind of apocalyptic vision of the world, which is not reserved for Christianity, it was a sign of some divine intervention. And disasters have always at least with somebody been seen as the hand of God, whatever their God is. And secondly, it had real on the ground impact, particularly as far as food, the ability of colonial officers to control colonial societies. So the argument is essentially that the biology and the climatology affected harvests, directly affected social relations. And one of the responses, this historian argues, is jihadism, in particularly the horn of Africa, the rise, the Mahdi, and some of the jihadists that some of the current jihadists refer back to. So they don't all go back to the caliphs of Muhammad. Some of them refer to late 19th, early 20th century, where there's a significant amount of jihadism in North Africa and in the Sudan. So it's just one example.  So the argument for today would be the impact of heat. The warming of the earth doesn't just affect Norway. It affects Pakistan. It affects California. And most particularly, and I don't mean this in a banal way, because it's the most essential, right? It affects food production. And you add climate change to war in Ukraine, and you really do have a significant food crisis right now, both man and nature made, well, man-made through climate, but directly man-made through war. That's so interesting. You talk about war, so you're not only talking about people who don't have enough food. You're not only talking about starving, or the disease that comes from not having enough food. Those are actual factual things that follow on our little chart. But you're also talking about psychology and sociology, which when you throw it in the mix and you start making your analysis on the basis of how these things or the threat of these things affect our state of mind, and I say our state of mind, I mean, seven billion, eight billion states of mind, and that affects history by itself. Even if you subtract the reality of lack of food or disease, if people are afraid of these things, if they're afraid of continuing their lives in a straight line and they redirect their lives in fear of something, that affects history too. And that's very, very, very subjective. Absolutely. I mean, two points which you know, but just to remind you, and we're dealing with that with climate migration now. Even if it's not directly affecting people, they fear. I mean, the atolls will disappear in the Pacific. The sense is that those are now inevitably disappearing. You're absolutely right. Secondly, to help address your question, we add another field to our study, which is psychology. And the Freudian analysis of trauma helps us understand this as well. Not just the trauma itself, but the fear of trauma and how one responds to that. How one responds to a fear of catastrophe to take preventive measures or sometimes acceptance. Sometimes the reverse of resiliency is an acceptance of what's going to happen. And we see that I think also kind of inertia. Either it's inevitable, or it'll happen down the road. And again, the Great Depression is a really good example, because as you know, among the consequences of Great Depression are insurance policies for our banking accounts. So the idea was that the Great Depression was caused by this mania on money, people losing money, people grabbing money. So we go from the explanation of the trauma directly to a solution at least at that time. So if climate change is caused by coal burning, we should do something about coal burning. That's the kind of question, though, that depends upon how you define and explain what's actually happening. If you're willing to say, yes, it's coal, then rationally, you should address coal. But you can see that also rationally, if you don't think it's coal, then you're not going to address coal. So the cause of the catastrophe is crucial. By ensuring banking, we're following more of a kind of Milton Friedman S view that the banks were the problem in the Great Depression, not capitalism itself, as other people said. But you're building the notion of irrationality. The arson of Serbia is shot, and as a result, we have a world war. What's rational about that? And so just as a rational fear of the disaster, or something really negative that might hurt us, can create a change in history, so can an irrational reaction. And there's no way to anticipate that. No, there's no way to anticipate it, but it's where economists working on theories of expectation and psychologists working on trauma and fear, as you ask for a multidisciplinary, we bring those in as well. But again, yes, I mean, you're also faced with another field that's growing, which is this field of contagion studies. And Facebook is a good example, right, the kind of contagion that spreads. And a recent study I read last week, it spread in ways that people actually believe things that they know are wrong. They will believe those. And they'll act on this. So we're getting really good at that. Yeah, I mean, we're venturing into an area where neuroscience probably would help, which is well beyond my pay scale.  And we have made incredible advances, but we haven't yet figured out the power of that irrational component in the brain to seemingly, right?  I mean, it's a Freudian problem, right? It's a rationalization of the irrational. So you and I think it's a rational and our brains think it's irrational. But of course, if you ask somebody else, very importantly, right, it is within their worldview, it makes sense to them. And climate change, I think what you started with is a great example, why some people either won't believe it's happened, or think we can't do anything about it, or seeing the potential end don't think the sacrifices are worth it. And I think you've seen in the United States, it takes bold measures like California in 20 years will not have internal combustion cars. That's the answer. That's kind of an FTR.  But look, this is a crucial problem. A democratically elected leader, democratically elected leader, right? Representing the majority of the people says, so look, this, this is a problem which government has to intervene. And I think you'll, you'll probably see the country split between, right? Blue states that'll do something like that. And red states, I mean, the senators in Florida who are happy to criticize helping New Jersey, but want money to come to Florida. I don't, I don't see major changes, you know, in the government in Florida, which is absolutely necessary. Two thoughts. One is it seems to me that if we put human knowledge into AI, which is still in its infancy, we can probably figure out the probabilities and maybe even get good probabilities on what's going to happen, even though it's irrational. Oh, I think we already know. I mean, the models already, the solid models already tell us where we're going. I don't think there's any data. You see that in the angst of the younger generation, which is much more attuned to it than we are. I mean, I think that helps explain.  I mean, why bother working? You know, why bother doing much when literally, for some of the world, the world is ending. Yeah, I mean, for some people, and that may not be, but that may not be irrational. The rational kick has to come in that we still have to have faith that we can apply our knowledge to address the problem. But look, in our society, we even disagree about experts and knowledge, right? We can't even, we can't have a national consensus that a scientist is correct on this. We can't even have that. But we have to get rational. And we do have the technology to be rational. And there could be a little black box, six inches by six inches on top of a mountain in somewhere in the Rockies, and it could make policy decisions for us. Well, ironically, ironically, within the government, the one body which is doing something about this is actually the military. The military is planning for climate change. I don't, I don't like, you know, me and militarism. But if we look at some at an institution that's actually thinking ahead, it's the Pentagon. And if you look at the Pentagon budget and their weaponry, which is nothing I'm celebrating, but just talking about a rational actor, they know their goal, right, is to win a war. And they know that the climate change is going to affect how wars are fought. So they're ahead, you know, they're thinking ahead, ironically. Ironically, because they can also be wrong. But they can be wrong. They can also cause disastrous result. Oh, absolutely. I'm not holding it up. I'm holding it up, not the Pentagon, baby, good guy, but I'm holding it up that it is possible for a government institution. And if it's possible for the government, it's also possible for the private sector to do the models you suggested. Assume the goals are still the same. Assume and see what changes we need to make in light of rising waters. You and I both know that starvation is going to force migration, which is going to force conflicts. I mean, part of the Syrian civil war is based on food prices, part of it. I mean, Sri Lanka has no fuel and these are all connected. They're not just economic issues. They're economic reflections. But also there's a ying and yang because the economics then also push the climate change, there's a ying and yang.  It's all chicken and yang. Okay. So would you agree with me that disasters, whether they're fast or slow, have the greatest effect on history? Have the greatest effects. That is a hard question. The greatest effect. Can we say they have had significant effect that we cannot think or write about history without epic catastrophes? Is that an acceptable answer? Well, if I have a Krakatoa or some kind of really huge disaster, a climate change disaster, a pandemic disaster, that is really going to change the direction of the dots. It does. More than just getting up in the morning and going to work. No, I agree. I mean, the difficulty for professional historians like myself is the foundation of that argument is things changed and things changed in a way which they would not have if the disaster had not occurred. Right? That's kind of a logic. Okay. So historians while recognizing that are a little wary because we're not sure whether or not, for example, those consequences would have happened anyhow. So there would have been jihadism. Now, the historian responds to your question by saying catastrophes, extremely important, historical connections important. They affect how perhaps something occurs. They may explain, for example, why jihadism occurred exactly at that moment and exactly that place. Right. But that's different than saying, well, the body would not have risen without Krakatoa. Does that make sense?  And if we sat here and read a lot of books, we would figure out what other factors were in play for the jihad movement. But also whether jihad would have occurred, you know, with the absence of Krakatoa, sure. So I think the affirmative answer is yes, absolutely. And more and more historians are writing in light of catastrophe and trauma and recovery more and more. And so if you look at more titles, more sources, bibliographies, etc., absolutely right. They completely agree with you. There's always been a big cottage industry about the plague and the black death. That's always been, that's built in. I think more and more, even Timothy Snyder wrote one of his books about Hitler in the Holocaust, it really went in a climate change argument. He argued basically Laban's wrong, but I was in response. Laban's wrong, sure. Right.  So I think people are right on board with what you're saying. We're just not, we're a little wary of, you know, the old Latin phrase, if it follows, I don't remember it. It's in, it's in law as well. You know, if something happened, if A and B happened, that doesn't mean that A caused B, right? It's a Latin phrase. Okay. It's in the West Wing. So historians are always a little wary. We say yes, Krakatoa. Yes, Jihad. More than contingent. But the historians who are most troubled by this are generally historians who have, and again, I don't say this in a majority way, they have kind of a grand view, right? So Marxist historians have a particularly grand view and Krakatoa, you know, is secondary to class struggle. Other people have a view that the nation will always rise. So sure, Krakatoa affected nationalism. So some of it depends upon what kind of history. If you want to have a lesson in history, or one common story, then you're probably a little more reluctant to look at this. Well, we care, we care about negative events, because they lead to other negative events. I'm being kind of an armchair historian here. Sure. Sure. So if I have a disaster, I can make the assumption that starvation in sub-Saharan Africa is going to result in people trying to get to a better place, and maybe crossing over the Mediterranean into Europe. And that leads to a resistance, political resistance in Europe. All these things are connected. And so if you take one bad event, one natural disaster, then you know, you can say, well, there's a fair chance this is going to result in war, in violence, in contention, in attempts to take territory, whatever it is, and killing other people who don't die by the disaster themselves. And so the question is, if I have my little black box on the top of the Colorado divide over there, examine all these things with this really powerful AI, and I try to identify how the disaster event leads to the war event, would there be, you know, would there be a connection there? And could I figure out how to ameliorate the disaster event, listen to this one, so as to avoid the war? I think it is a wonderful idea, and something that some of us do think about historically, and it gets back to, again, you as a lawyer, right? It gets back to what's the prime cause. So today our discussion prime cause is climate change, absolutely, right? Control climate change, build properly, don't build in areas which are vulnerable, provide food support. All of those I think we can agree on. What gets into play, of course, is also national integrity, political stability within a country. I mean, I think Syria is a really interesting case for us to think about. We spent a lot of time on the Ukraine, but that's because we've ignored Syria. And Syria is a pretty good example of what you're talking about. Everything combined. Food crisis, tyranny, lack of democracy, forced immigration, immigration of people of color who are non-accepted, immigration non-Christians who are not accepted. I think it's apropos exactly of what you're talking about. The one additional point would be it's a civil war. So Syria is not interested in spending, but Russia used Syria as a testing ground. What the Russians have tried to do in the Ukraine, almost all that they practiced in Syria before. So I think you're absolutely right. If we have that AI, and again, this is nothing profound, we're really, we're talking about food. I mean, the bottom line is we're talking about food, food prices, the quality of food, the accessibility of food. And I'm more than happy to come back and talk about famine, which is something I work on. I'll just give you one comment from Sen, former Nobel laureate. He says, a famine is not enough food. A famine is not getting food. It's a very different issue. And so he claims his famines are not possible in true democracies. I'll leave you with that. I'm happy to pick up. I'm happy to pick up on that. We need to cover that. But before you go. But that gets back to a place like Syria or the Sudan, where it's probably true that climate has affected the amount of the harvest. That's clearly true in salinization, clearly. But the other element is that the food that is there is again, not going, not getting to the poorest people, not getting to people. It's going to change the cities before Sudan splits. Islamic Sudan in the north did not provide food for the Animas south. So there are lots of different ways to keep. And Assad would not provide any food to Aleppo or places like that. Another kind of slavery. Let me go to one other thing, which has been in the paper. Last question, really. So we have had this really incredible storm through Florida. And it destroyed a lot of communities, some more than others, but a lot of them totally destroyed. That was an article in The Times yesterday, I think. It was an essay or an opinion piece. And the question it raised was, should we rebuild these communities or move and find other places that are safer and less vulnerable to climate change? And does history indicate our experience? I mean, this is history is here to help, right? Does our experience with history make this clear enough that we can't rebuild all these cities and towns that have been wiped out only to have them wiped out again? Don't we learn from history? Isn't history here to help? Why don't we find another way? I'm laughing because I'm afraid, in this case, history is not here to help. And historically, people have continued to rebuild where places are most vulnerable. I highly recommend if people have a chance to read Mike Davis' book about LA and Malibu. Malibu is a good example, how many fires, how many floods, how many earthquakes can occur so people stop building in Malibu. So you raise a wonderful point. What I see happening, unfortunately, is unless people have the ability to move, which includes, as you say, the psychology, that I'm willing to move, I see one or two things happen. I see people who can't afford building what are still vulnerable homes. And I read and heard yesterday about a community in Florida which fully survived because it was planned ahead of time. But that cost money, right? The homes are on the average about 250,000, which really for a lot of Floridians is not possible. It required the use of engineering and science. So I know we're running out of time, but for example, when there's a flood in the community, the water goes down the road and not into people's homes. There are ponds around the homes. So floodwaters. So I give you two possibilities from history. One is we learn and even if we build where we are, we build better. That's a possibility. Unfortunately, most of history suggests most people cannot move and most people rebuild. How many floods will New Orleans experience? Some people just can't move, not even for the psychological reasons. And that may be where the president has said the federal government will help Florida and helping Florida might need helping people move. And there's some thought that people, some if they can, they will move. And that some of the northern states better be prepared. They better be prepared for housing and mental health, et cetera. So I think you're absolutely right. Unfortunately, history can only help a little bit. And I do recommend if folks are interested, Mike Davis's work on Malibu because it's a microcosm. Top 0.2% of the world microcosm. But it is essentially the same problem.  I'm not going to move a bit. And I don't think that's reserved just for the wealth. Thank you, Peter. What a great time. Of course, my pleasure. All right. I'm an Offenberg history professor at UH Manoa. I talk to you here about how history can help and we touched on a number of things where it can help. Well, maybe not. And there's more that comes out of this discussion. Thank you so much, Peter. Of course. Aloha. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn and donate to us at ThinkTechHawaii.com. Mahalo.


All right, so Matt already talked a little bit about INSAR, so I work on ground deformation monitoring from remote sensing technique, GPS and INSAR. I tend to call INSAR GPS on steroids because we get very high precision measurements of ground deformation over time. So the way INSAR works is a satellite flies over the earth, send the microwaves and basically measure the precise distance between its orbit and every pixel on the earth within a thwart. So a pixel is about 10 to 30 meter and a thwart can be about 100 kilometer wide. And when the satellite comes back, it does the same measurement, so we can measure very precisely over time how the ground has moved. So why is this important for groundwater monitoring? As Matt mentioned this morning, we are basically looking at changes in pore pressure driven by groundwater extraction, and we can have a compaction that may be elastic in aquifer systems and inelastic in the clay layers, and basically our satellite over time measure these small changes of deformation. And if we integrate many, many interferograms, we can create time series analysis where you can get the map that you're seeing there, where we have the mean deformation for a certain time span for each pixel that's color coded, and then we can track deformations through time, and we can have satellites that measure up to every eight days, also with Cosmo SkyMed. The standard right now is sent in always 12 day repeats. So every 12 day, we can measure very precisely the ground elevation. And what that led to is discovering that we have many places in the world that are experiencing land subsidence due to groundwater extraction. The fastest coastal city that has subsidence is Jakarta, that's subsiding at about 25 centimeter per year since over 15 years. It's not the fastest subsiding city, it's the fastest subsiding coastal city. So Jakarta has lost about four meter of elevation in the past 10 years. The fastest subsiding city is Mexico City at 35 centimeter per year. And we can get these measurements within SAR because we get very high level of precision at millimeter per year of ground deformation, very high spatial resolution, each pixel is about 10 to 30 meter, and we can cover hundreds of thousands of square centimeters because we have basically data of a very large area. We can do more than just looking at ground deformation by combining ground deformation with in-situ data. And this is an example of work that was done in the Silicon Valley where we use groundwater data together with deformation to estimate the storativity of the elastic skeletal specific storage. And because in SAR such as high spatial resolution and high spatial coverage, we can get this parametrization of aquifer system at the scale of an entire aquifer. So we can use the data from the deformation to its interval between wells. And depending on the temporal sampling of the in-sar we can get different kind of resolution. Where we are kind of pushing the method now is that when we have this data set we have a lot of hidden signal. Basically the deformation is the sum of different processes. And we can now use statistical methods to try to extract from this recorded signal what is elastic and what is inelastic and really get at how things change over time and what is recorded in different spatial and temporal settings. One last thing that I wanted to mention is what we've called the in-sar ads. So predicting water head changes from deformation. So what we did there was looking at combining deformation and water data for a certain time span to estimate the storativity or elastic skeletal specific storage. And let's say that we don't have this well measurements for a very long time span. We can use the deformation to predict where the well level would be based on the initial calibration if we're in an elastic setting. And we found that we can predict it at the scale of an entire aquifer with a precision of 70%. So that means that if we can't afford to have well monitoring constantly we can use ground deformation to bridge the gaps. In terms of opportunities I just wanted to point out that we're getting more and more satellites. So we're getting high repeat and global coverage. And most of the satellites now are going to have free and open access data. The big new thing will be NYSAR launched in January 2021 with a 12-day repeat everywhere on Earth with L-Band. We can now use in-sar to track water through an aquifer system and combine it with GPS that looks at surface water and make the link between what we see with surface water GPS and what we see with in-sar in groundwater to kind of get a sense of free charge of aquifer systems. And we can also use in-sar to up sample GRACE data to try to move towards fully remotely sense ground deformation measurements to basically be able to integrate GRACE at the management scale instead of having it at much larger spatial scale. The major challenge we talked about it today is that right now we're looking at changes over time and we don't really have a way to characterize how much water is in the system and how much water we can use. So I think this is still something where we need to move towards using remote sensing data to address this problem for sustainability. Thank you.


A new study here in the U.S. concludes shutdown orders prevented 60 million infections. Our chief national correspondent Matt Gutman is in Phoenix, Arizona, where cases are spiking. Good morning, Matt. Hey, good morning, George. And the cases are spiking here because of a near-complete reopening. The state's health system is now telling them to activate their emergency plans. And it's not just here. Fourteen states are now seeing a surge in COVID cases.  Okay, they have to be trolling us at this point. I mean, do they really think that we're all watching this and nodding our heads that, yes, it must be the lockdown protesters that are to blame for this rise in COVID cases? I know I say this a lot, but wow! I think I may have just had a series of serious neuroembolisms. Now, I do apologize for this interruption. We'll get right back to the video. But I got to take this quick capitalism break to thank this episode's sponsor, Biotrust Ageless Multicollegin. 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I'm all right. I'm all right. I just need to take some deep breaths and I just need to calm down and go over the timeline here to just make sure I didn't walk into the twilight zone.  They said these protests weren't homegrown. They were spitting in cops' faces, burning flags, carrying swastikas and Confederate flags. And all they wanted to do was get haircuts. For growing concerns this morning over who is turning out for demonstrations against public safety measures in the coronavirus crisis, protesters swarmed Michigan State Capitol again yesterday over statewide stay-at-home orders. Some of them had guns, big guns. The state's governor says she's concerned about possible racist elements among the crowd. These have been really political rallies where people come with Confederate flags and Nazi symbolism and calling for violence. Army of immigrants and people of color and poor people who are keeping this city running. They are disinfecting offices. They are cleaning people. They are changing bedpans. And they are working.   Protesters, are they hindering the state's ability to contain the virus in any way? I am going to say, Heather, to the science of epidemiology. I'm going to make decisions based on facts, not based on, you know, political rhetoric or tweets for that matter. The risk of perpetuating the spread of COVID-19 is real. We've seen it happen and that's why, you know, while I respect people's right to dissent, they need to do it in a way that is responsible and does not put others at risk. To summarize, we were told to hate and fear these protests by the media, the Democrat Party, and by Hollywood. People who were just opposing unconstitutional, incoherent edicts in order to reopen their businesses and feed their families. To be clear, none of the things they said about these protests were accurate. Nobody spit on cops, nobody was burning flags. One lady had a wrongly drawn swastika that was done in satire, not to promote Nazism. One guy may have had a Confederate flag, but the point is these people were broadly generalized and demonized for political purposes. Fast forward to the current situation, which our media has consistently described as peaceful, despite the obvious mass violence, rioting, and looting across the nation. How strange is it that the same people that were attacking the anti-lockdown protests for allegedly spreading the virus and killing old people now suddenly rationalized excuses for why it's different when they do it? The same medical workers that were appalled by the anti-lockdown protesters were now endorsing these much larger, tightly packed mass protests as good for public health. What? Even the grim reaper guy who publicly shamed beachgoers now suddenly thinks it's fine to be in a much larger, densely packed city. What? So while all this obvious hypocrisy and contradictions were going on, folks like us were constantly pointing out that if there was another outbreak, it would have been started by these protesters. It didn't matter though, because the media has kept those wagons circled and came up with excuses to, as always, give the left a special pass. And now, two weeks later, cases in these cities are predictably spiking. A rational, sane human being would think to themselves, well, yeah, that makes sense. You just had thousands of protests across this country for two weeks in tightly packed cities for nearly 24-7. Is that what the media did? As restrictions ease, nearly half of the state's 27,000 cases affecting people between the ages of 20 to 44 years old. Before the reopening, they predicted 600 total deaths in Arizona. What's actually happening is that all these damn capitalists and their businesses are reopening. He mentions Arizona, but doesn't mention that Arizona just had 12 straight days of protests. Because you see reopening is something that Trump, Republicans, and conservatives wanted to do, not the left or Democrats. The modern media only exists as a propaganda vehicle for those two groups. They can't, won't put any blame for this spike on their foot soldiers. No, they'll do what they always do and put the blame squarely on their political opposition. That's all for today, folks. Please hit that like button, share, and subscribe. It really helps this channel. If you want to support this channel, you can do so on one of these platforms. You can find all those links in the description and pinned comment. Thanks for watching. Keep coming back.