Hello my name is Maria Vargas. I'm at the U.S. Department of Energy and I'm in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and for this purpose I am also very excited because I'm the lead ambassador for the C3E program at the U.S. Department of Energy and it's my pleasure to welcome you back from the break and then to spend a little bit of time with you today just talking about USC3E and why today's and this conference's focus on justice and equity and clean energy is so important and to talk a little bit about C3E I want to help us all celebrate the past 10 years. We're going to glance a little bit backward and celebrate all the things we've done together as a C3E community and I also want to help us spend a little bit of time focusing forward on where we hope to go and what's coming up in the next 10 years. So the Secretary of Energy teed up this morning a little bit about why women in diversity is so important in the clean energy sector while women represent about half of the U.S. total labor force and make up less than a third of those employed in the renewable energy sector and we know that if we want to transform the world's energy system we need a diverse talented leadership team to meet our nations and truly our world's goals as we look to address climate change. We need to not only keep women in clean energy we need to focus on the future and we also need to make sure that women enter and stay in the clean energy space. So for that reason next slide 10 years ago the U.S. Department of Energy and some of our partners set up the Clean Energy Education and Empowerment Initiative C3E. The goal of C3E as you all know is to advance women's leadership in clean energy and the goal of this group is really to work together work with all of you to close the gender gap and increase the participation leadership and success of women in the clean energy field and DOE is thrilled to do that in collaboration with Stanford, MIT and Texas A&M we couldn't ask for better partners in this initiative. So if we go to the next slide I think it's just worth celebrating just spending a minute to celebrate all the things that we've done together as a C3E initiative over the last decade. We are in our 10th year and as a organization as a group and as a network we continue to grow and engage with women across the country truly across the world and their supporters. We have had over the past 10 years over 85 award winners from all over the U.S. We've received over 1400 award nominations and we're thrilled because this is our 10th symposium. Now granted some of those in the past couple years have been virtual but that's also been a nice opportunity to allow us to invite all of you many of you who can't attend sometimes when it's in person so we're thrilled that we've had the opportunity to meet with many of you over the past 10 years. We have 40 ambassadors I'll talk about those folks in a minute those are very key to how it is that we have and will continue to make sure that C3E is an important and powerful initiative moving ahead. Something new we did which we'll talk about in a minute is launch other ways to connect with women and their supporters as they face challenges and address barriers and clean energy and that's been through a series of webinars that we've held over the last year and I'll share you a little bit information about that and then what's coming up next and importantly we're growing our social media presence so we can touch with all of you about the things we're doing as C3E and as our community and the opportunities to network be involved and meet with each other. So next I just want to give a shout out as we glance backward and forward to the C3E ambassadors these ambassadors work on a voluntary basis they are selected to be part of what makes C3E run. These women mostly women some men are from all across our economy they're from academia they're from government they're from policy they're from the public private sectors utilities but these ambassadors not only help strategically with the direction of C3E but they're instrumental in determining award winners every year and opportunities that C3E has to continue to engage not only with all of you but to drive and advance women's leadership and clean energy. So for all of you ambassadors who are listening thank you so much for all of us at DOE, MIT, Stanford and Texas A&M for all the work that you do to continue to push C3E forward and to make sure that we are meeting the needs of the market. Next slide please. As you all know hopefully many of you know because you're joining us here today one of the best things that we get to do as an organization is recognize leadership mid-career leadership through the C3E awards every year and you can see and heard from some of these award winners already this morning about from them and the ambassadors who introduced them but what it is they've done and why they were selected as this year's award winners. We also have a lifetime achievement award winner that will be early in tomorrow's program that we choose once a year to highlight someone that has dedicated and has a lifetime worth of achievements and really success and clean energy that can serve as an inspiration for all of us. So next slide. Just want to give a shout out to those award winners over the past 10 years. These are the over 85 women who have achieved and received C3E awards over the past 10 years and they're an incredibly amazing group of women they are diverse they come from all different parts of the country and deal over the world and so what's really exciting about this group and I hope many of you stay with us during the breaks because many of these award winners have submitted videos in which you can hear from them as previous award winners about not only the work that they're doing and continue to do in C3E and in clean energy but how C3E became a very important part of their journey. So next slide. I think what's really inspiring about the award winners is their contribute their contributions and the work they continue to do to lead, mentor and create networks around clean energy. So we are thrilled because many of the award winners continue to drive breakthroughs in science and technology. Many of them are active in policy. Many of them are active in government organizations both local and national. They are helping to build and expand markets and prepare the workforce for today and tomorrow and equally importantly almost all of them are continuing to help women to find their way and encourage them to or to enter and stay into clean energy. So I want to congratulate again all of the award winners. Next slide please as well as this year's award winners. I wanted to also highlight this for you for everybody watching today. One of the things that we are doing because these award winners have these very unique but also very inspirational and powerful journeys is to encourage you to go to the C3E website and read more about the award winners. We share not only their achievements as you can imagine we would in terms of what they've achieved in their career and their organization, why they won their award but also this year's awardees are sharing their journey, how they got where they are, how they've followed their way to the clean energy space and I encourage all of you to read those. They're very inspirational, they're very different and they're very exciting to read so I encourage you to go to the C3E website and listen to and hear from award winners in their own words about their journey and about the success they're finding in clean energy. Next slide please. So with that I want to bring us forward to today. We want on behalf of all of us to congratulate our 2021 U.S. C3E award winners this year a truly outstanding group of women very diverse in the fields they represent accomplishments that they've had and contributions they've made so I know you've heard from some of those today you'll hear from some more tomorrow all very exciting and I'm thrilled that you're here to be with us to listen to them and their stories and why they've won these awards congratulations to all this year's award winners. We can go to next slide please. Now let's focus on the future. Where is C3E going in the future? And one of the things that we want to make sure that folks are aware is that we're going to do another set of awards next year as we do. It's a key part of what we do in C3E and we want everyone to know that those nominations open up January 10th. So if you know of a mid-career woman who's a rising leader in the clean energy sector please consider nominating her for the 2022 U.S. C3E award. Again nominations open on the 10th of January each winner receives a cash award and recognition and the opportunity to talk to all of us at the annual C3E symposium so please do consider nominating someone you know that might be deserving of a C3E award who would love it if you did that. So as I mentioned before one of the things that we're trying to do and certainly this has been tremendously helpful in the pandemic that we found ourselves in the past couple years but I think it's an opportunity that has proven to be very useful for all of us as a community and that is ongoing webinars that we're able to bring experts C3E award winners C3E ambassadors and others to highlight not only the work they're doing but to talk about some of the challenges and barriers and expertise that they have in a way that allows us to continue networking not just at this annual meeting but once a quarter. The next webinar that we have is one that you all helped to design. We know that we had a lot of women and men mostly women starting out in their careers or interested in being part of the clean energy sector ask us for a webinar in which they could hear from different ambassadors different leaders different clean energy advocates in different sectors about how they the advice they would give to people who are joining the clean energy sector and the clean energy work that this country is doing. So these you can see on screen and you can go on to our website. These are ambassadors who represented an array of sectors who want to help you if you're interested in figuring out how you could possibly use your talents and skills and the clean energy space and join us in doing that we encourage you to come to this webinar. You can register for the webinar online at C3E and we encourage all of you to join this webinar but the ongoing webinar series and you can sign up to get emails about those webinars and information about those and we encourage you to join. Okay next one please. So looking ahead we've had a great last decade and looking ahead the next 10 years we've got even more to do. So at C3E we want to continue to advance women in clean energy. We want to make sure that all voices are heard and included. We are anxious to highlight leadership to continue to inspire action and really to continue to advance leadership across the clean energy space. My guess is in new industries with new award categories with new opportunities for mentorship and networking so that this initiative evolves with time, evolves with you and finds new ways to engage with you to help you and to help women continue to succeed in the clean energy space. We're looking to evolve and grow and accelerate and build on the momentum of the last 10 years. Next slide. So stay in touch with us. You can see on screen a number of ways you can get involved. Go to our webinars come to the symposium but things you can do is make sure that you follow us on our website make sure you're on our mailing list follow us on social media. We really want you to be part of C3E the C3E community indeed the C3E family working to help all of us stay in clean energy learn from each other and advance women's leadership. Next slide. So before I move on to my next assignment I just want to take the opportunity to thank all of you for joining us today thank all of the ambassadors who are joining today thanks MIT to Stanford to Texas A&M for all the work you do in spearheading and leading the C3E initiative with the Department of Energy you couldn't do it without you and thanks most of all to all of you for being here we look forward to hearing from you engaging with you and having you be part of our ongoing C3E growth as we move towards the future so thank you all very very much.


So we'll use the test point method and solve the corresponding E-Qualities. So to solve absolute value x minus 2 equals 5, we solve two equations, x minus 2 equals 5, and x minus 2 equals negative 5. Solving these two equations separately gives us... So we started out by solving an E-Quality, but like a good math student, or a good human being, we acknowledge the existence of the inequality, and we take steps to address it. Remember, we're actually trying to solve this inequality. Since the critical values solve the E-Quality absolute value x minus 2 equals 5, but the inequality is strict, the critical values are not included. And so our solution has critical values 7 and negative 3, which are not included. Let's go ahead and plot those. So since they are not included, we'll want to use the open circle, and so we'll put an open circle at negative 3 and at 7. Now notice that the critical values separate the number line into three parts. So we'll test a point in each region.  The absolute value of x minus 2 will be a large positive number, and since we want the inequality to be greater than 5, a large positive number will satisfy the inequality, and so we want to include the region to the left of negative 3. In the center, we'll use x equals 0 as our test value, so we'll take our inequality. Is it true that the absolute value of x minus 2 is greater than 5 when x is equal to 0? So we'll replace and simplify, and since this guy and his friends say it's true, it must be true. Well, let's think for ourselves for a moment, and in fact this statement is false, so we exclude the central region. In the right region, we'll let x be a large positive number, and then x minus 2 is a large positive number. The absolute value of x minus 2 is a large positive number, and again, since we want our absolute value to be greater than 5, this will satisfy the inequality, and so we include the region to the right of x equals 7. So let's graph our solution. We've already graphed the endpoints. We want the region to the left of negative 3, so we'll switch to our line tool and start at negative 3 and go left, and we also want the region to the right of 7. So again, using our line tool, we'll start at 7 and go to the right, and it's important to make sure that we've gone far enough to get the right or left pointing arrow, and we have so we can submit and get our score.


Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to present ideas about comparative approach applied on the centers dated to the Iron Age and Illy Medieval period, which was discussed and prepared together with Alshbetta Danilisova and Jan Marik, both from Arkodzikou Institute in Prague. This presentation is theoretically and especially based on the ideas presented already here by Manuel Fennan Götz, Izzy Machacek and Stefan Eichel in the first half of this session. Even we agree with Izzy Machacek to cause this place agglomeration. We are talking about centers just, you know, the same title. It doesn't matter center agglomeration for us is the same. A few seconds about the outline of this presentation. I hope we will get to the end in time and it will be the happy end, but we will see. Anyway, our approach is not so sophisticated as was us were previous three presenters, but I think it will give us some results and thoughts about it. And at the final we would like to talk about advantages and pitfalls of our comparative approach. Why do we compare what was our motivation? To fill missing parts in the data, to find inspiration between the Iron Age sites, Illy Medieval sites, to see cultural history, reasons, organization of the society to try to explain in the comparative way. To establish common trends in cultural history perspective, for example, like is the fortification, you know, fortified places, opida or Illy Medieval centers agglomerations as presented or are presented in literature as you can see. To have a better view of the development, let's remind the situation before the time when opida fortified centers, Illy Medieval fortified centers emerge. As we can see much better information about the development, about the ancestors we have in the Iron Age, a long tradition of research, comparable information etc. bring much more complex view about the meaning of analyzed societies and phenomena. Illy Medieval period, although it looks sophisticated and clear, is in the region of the central Europe still at the beginning, my point of view. In both periods there are expected 45 settlements of the higher society, but systematic excavation was not yet done and some of them were barely bigger than hectare, I am talking about the Illy Medieval centers of course. All the geographic position and social hierarchy is widely discussed as for Ellis last the known fortified site for Gusty's book which was probably just for short time fortified place. The existence of this of centers is more based on desire than on facts. The last hope are Slavic Ava fittings which are assumed especially in the higher society social class, therefore we expect some fortified sites and perhaps even the centers where the fittings come from, but we are missing the information about the connection of the artifacts and fortifications sites where we are finding them, so we cannot put this to phenomena to the same period etc. It means that for example we have these finds from the places where are the remains of all the fortifications for example from Bronze Age and sometimes the younger fortifications, but we cannot connect them together it's the case of the Special Bohemia region. Except the Slavic Ava fittings obtain mostly from prospections, metal detector prospecting we have nothing better hope to identify places more important than other in this Ellis Slavs and Old Slavs period. Just for just few examples of typical representatives of the Iron Age and early medial ancestors and examples of Slavic Ava fittings from typical fittings. The Iron Age or Latin Slavic Opeda developed or the begin in the second century BC image well known or are well known and they are known from written sources and from Arcogeco excavations abroad all Europe. We have clear idea about how it all worked, at least that's what it looked like for me sometimes. Mostly before I have started to ask how it works and if there is a chance to use it as an analogy and it's a vessel. Anyway Opeda are very complex places, very large places, organized, delimited, cosmopolitan and yet with a strong bond to agricultural production. Although their former constructions looks like densely built and populated places it is so cold or as we heard from some low density they have has a low density rubenism or call them in this point of view. This reconstruction of Manking showed us the different point of view where except the typical demonstration of military, defensive power, rampart and gates we can see inside densely and sparsely settled areas, enclosured households, fields, kettle enclosures, sanctuary etc. all together on a large space. Elimitable fortified centers, agglomerations appeared in the 9th century. I was looking for some fine comparison but did not find any like you know they appeared like a mountain in a fork for the plane in front of the plane but they emerged very quickly and on a large area at the center of Europe. As we can see on the list of attributes there is a lot of question marks because the status of knowledge is still low. We are thinking that it's what it is. Someone can oppose but the reality is that we know a lot about few rather we think that we know something. And of course we know almost nothing about the best of the great imbalance in knowledge exists between fortification and internet space chronology etc. In much more cases we know from the central central Europe from the region of the former game Moravia for example. The research is focused on the few but we have much money. The positive thing is that in the last two decades rather in the last 15 years much work has been done and we have moved forward at least where we know a lot. As we can hear from Yezimah Hatcher for example the relating of the emerging of the fortifications in the last quarter of the 9th century we can say that in the case of Mikuczic and Stajanistok we can in a specific way expect 140 feet of fight period of existence of these centers. Mikuczic term suggests probably a few decades not 100 years as for example in Iron Age period. In comparison with Menhing and Iron Age low density places on this reconstruction of Pohansko we can see one part with gates, enclosure to Pransley residence with church, then with fence-enclosured households, yards, cattle enclosures, maybe gardens, but of course this site for example was not so large as Manhing so we are expecting the fields and the surrounding Adyanset area. Nice picture right? Still a picture, static and still a lot of question about the functionality of this whole place in comparison with, for example, all the area. But perfect case to compare similarity and then find a direction and create a better world at least in the past. But even some of this phenomena accused in both period there is still a lot of question of the meaning of these presented structures. We were discussing together with my colleagues the, I mean besides has some urban functions which we know from ancient cities and early complex societies. Here's some perspective presented in the literature, what are the connections, for example, between political processes and urbanization early complex societies, binding power, rulers and allies, etc. The definition of urbanism or what exactly is the definition of urban, how to study, define the level of urbanism. As we can see here the definition is frequently based on typology. Place must fulfill specific conditions. It's both similar for the Iron Age and for early medieval, for example in sixties and eighties was a very popular example. We have example from early medieval cases from Stademnostorn also from Mikučice Pohansko by Wilhelm Hrubi and Bosivoj Dostal who works with some points defining the level of urbanism and of course if we can call these sites early cities and so. But this typological point of view is a little bit static so we try to use a poetic approach of these urban attributes which allows us to overcome the static problem of typological approach. We work with attributes and which can be applied on the data and of course by comparing different attributes we learn about the level of urban individual societies. The pitfall is that projecting interpretation is done by proxies. Basically we work with four main areas. It's a red one like demography impact on hinterland, urban structure and planning, urban services and communities, areas or others of this level of approach and they were spread to much more detailed proxies. This is the detailed view of our proxies of course and there will be a lot of discussion if it is what is it and if we are able or we can identify presented specifics and our records or interpret them in the right or use them in the right view or meaning. As you can see for example we abandoned some terms like long-distance trade etc and used more long-distance contacts and a lot of things are a bit present absence. We put the sites side-by-side and as we can see in this table separate areas of the iron and elemental age sites and some of them are marked with a different color because they're older and younger in the iron age but in fact there is no significant difference between them between these whole periods we can see that mostly the same occurrence. From this point of view we cannot compare the quality and quantity of the selected proxies and of course then the misinterpretation and this mean as I already mentioned the long-distance trade or long-distance contacts as it was here on this conference presented in the difference section in magic that artifacts we are finding and our centers must not be the presence of a trade but just traveling the people contacts etc. This is just a slide to show that the open agglomeration based on this grass where is the long-length wide index against the area of the features of the houses and gathering structures etc or the functional structures in opida from Stareh Radisco and of course from a different set that the open agglomeration in comparison with the open agglomeration or the open agglomeration has no signs visible signs which define them. The status is done by a function and opida is adjusted as status. With the help of several case studies we intend to demonstrate that the strength of the comparative approach lies especially in revealing the major development trends or principles of a long-distance nature such as basic economic systems while the risk of misinterpretations are associated chiefly with limited knowledge of social hierarchy political strategies and cultural norms. So it brings us to the end. This is fast. For example the typical long-distance perspective is represented with agricultural tools which are for the whole period from the iron age to the elementary age almost the same. The pitfalls of this comparative perspective is that the identification of fast structures there is an identification of fast structures based on external characters assuming the same representations of different systems. The differences in urban and rural settlement for example in Ryan region and in wider middle of the new area for example the remunization broad fields per mine structures stone buildings communications networks but they were not they not represent the elite places or the central places but was just a long tradition. Conclusions cities and urban phenomena exhibit considerable variation around the world and through history presented cases are just examples of some urban traditions and cities can be highly or centers can be highly variable within a given urban tradition difficult to search for the typical variation is one reason why definitions are difficult to apply to modern cities and is one of the strongest arguments in favor of polytheistic attribute-based approach. Thank you for watching.


This study has developed a novel wearable thermoelectric generator, WTG, design that can be used to generate electricity from body heat. The WTG consists of a rigid device connected to flexible leads, allowing for greater flexibility than traditional designs. The study also investigates how the device's design affects its performance, finding that longer leads result in higher power generation and increased voltage. The results are consistent with simulations, demonstrating the accuracy of the model. This article was authored by Yubing Xing, Kuchintang, Jianhuang, and others.


I had WritersBlock my entire life, all the way up until two years ago. And in this short video, I'm going to share with you how I overcame this decades-long WritersBlock. So here's what happened. I started to share little quick video tips, or tips from about business and marketing, authentic business, authentic marketing, on my dog walks. And I'm on the dog walk right now. I don't know where my dog buddy is. He's exploring the bushes around here. And when I got home and uploaded the videos, I thought to myself, you know, some of my audience members are going to want to read what I said instead of take time to watch the videos. So out of a sense of courtesy, I just quickly typed out. Okay, so basically this is what I said in the video. If you don't feel like you have time to watch it, this is what I said. So out of that casual attitude of just, you know, basically this is what I said. This is not, it's not a blog post that I would feel intimidated by or I'm not trying to write a book. I'm just casually summarizing some of the things I said in the video and maybe adding on some other additional thoughts. And I started doing these videos. I made a commitment to myself to do them Monday through Friday. This was back in 2015 when I did a five days a week. And my audience would start expecting these things. And I started writing what I said in the videos because some of them don't want to watch it. They want to read it. So based on doing that, I overcame my writer's block. And I started noticing after a while that, wow, it's much less resistance now to writing. I got into this rhythm, got into this groove. And so let me share with you, I guess, the lessons from that. And before I do, there's my dog buddy, minding his own business. So the lessons are this. You, I believe, everyone can overcome writer's block by doing it in a consistent way, starting with being casual about it. I think a lot of writer's block is a sense of, you know, we grow up going to school where writing was such a big deal because if you didn't do good writing, you would get a bad grade. And so we would feel anxious that we were performing essentially in our writing versus just trying to communicate something. I mean, for example, when you, when you write emails to your friends or text messages, you don't get writer's block, right? You're just trying to communicate something. You're maybe relating to them and connecting with them. That's it. That's all. We have to extricate ourselves from the performance mindset of writing and start thinking of it as a casual serving and connecting to others. That's all. Just sharing our ideas. I've also noticed that when a piece of writing that I do does well, it's oftentimes not the writing itself that was brilliant. Oh, my grandma was great or whatever. No, it was just the ideas inside were relevant to my audience. And it doesn't matter how my writing was, they appreciated the ideas. And that's what made that piece of content go more viral than others. So don't worry about writing. That's my biggest tip for you is to start doing it on a consistent basis from a casual attitude of just connecting and serving. And you'll overcome your writer's block and a couple other things. And I'll put more in the description of this video is that how do I motivate my, how did I motivate myself? There are eight motivational methods, which I'll link to in the description of this video, but I use two of the eight for overcoming my writer's block. I used public accountability and I used a regular calendar. Now you don't have to use these two. You can use the other six if that makes more sense to you, but this is what I did. Public accountability, meaning my audience started to expect that I would be publishing a video every Monday through Friday. This was back in 2015. Now I only do it three times a week, but they expected that. And then for each video, many of them wanted to just read it. So that was public accountability that really motivated me. And then the other thing was having a calendar to say, all right, basically 8 30 to 9 a.m. each morning is when I write my videos. I write and publish my videos because I already made the videos earlier. So like earlier on during the weekend. So I hope this helps. Again, I sell I'll link to the other motivational methods inside the description of this video and just know that no matter how long you've had writer's block, you can overcome it as well. If you're willing to, if you're willing to do it, you absolutely could. I thought I never could, but I actually did and it surprised me. So that's why I hope this is helpful for you as well. I'm George cow and always open to your questions and comments. And until the next video, I wish you optimism and hope that you can overcome writer's block and have that means of communication as a regular way to connect and serve your audience. Be well.


Hello, welcome to this week's CMC Markets Indices Snapshot with myself Jasper Lawler. We're going to be looking at the Euro stocks 50, but more as just a summary of what's happening in European markets at the moment. We're pushing into three month highs today, so we're seeing a bit of a breakout, so we want to see what's been the run up to that, what's the cause and can it sustain itself. So I'm going to dig into the details on this daily candlesticks chart for the Euro 50 in a second. What we're talking about here is some of the fundamental causes of what's happening in European markets. Now, if you remember, we had that massive drop in August. What happened though is in September, we went down, we retested those lows in September, but weren't able to break down. From that point, we went to more of a kind of consolidation type market. The market went pushed up to the highs that we saw in September, and then we actually got a breakthrough. As you can see on this chart, really the catalyst for that breakout of the range which really changed the dynamic in the markets was when we had the last European Central Bank meeting, and they said that they were going to reexamine policy in December. And so markets fired higher. A couple of days later, they pretty much put in the top, and we've been going sideways really for the last month since that, with just the one exception that you'll notice on the chart, which is when we had the tragic event in Paris for those terror attacks, obviously there's a lot of fright in markets there. We sold off, but it pretty much returned on the same day. And so now we're back to where we started. We're right at the top of this trading range. And so now we're dealing with the prospect of a breakout. And why we have pushed up in the last couple of days is because expectations are rising a bit about what the ECB may actually do in their meeting, which is taking place next week. And so they've talked about a two-tier deposit rate. Sounds very boring. But what it really means is that they may actually have a bit of an angle for cutting interest rates further into the negative. And obviously that is just extra easing, extra monetary easing, which will push down the euro. And that lower euro, generally a catalyst for higher European stocks because of the number of exporting countries that there are in Europe. So that's it for this week's CMT markets indices snapshot. Now, specifically with the Euro 50, we're looking at this 3,500 mark. That's the breakout area that we want to see follow through to the upside to tell us that we're in a new phase of an uptrend. But really, whether that's going to happen or not is going to rest on next week's ECB meeting, so we'll have to see how that plays out. And whether Mario Draghi, the ECB's president, can live up to what are now quite high expectations for the amount of stimulus that the ECB is going to add.


Hi, I'm Louis Parks with Verify Security, and today we're here at CES with our partner's ST Microelectronics to demonstrate our security solutions for authentication and brand protection. A particular problem in the automotive industry is counterfeit or fake parts. These parts are often our processors or microcontrollers controlling critical functions in automobiles. Safety is important and parallel, so having authentic or correct parts is critical to this industry. What we're demonstrating here today is our ability to authenticate an actual endpoint ECU, even the smallest microprocessors or controllers that you will find in an automobile. We're using our asymmetric quantum-resistant methods to provide the authentication at startup from a controlling ECU platform. What will happen here today is a controlling ECU will request an authentication from the endpoint microcontroller. The endpoint microcontroller will send a signed public key to the master. They will then compute a shared secret, and it will ask the endpoint ECU to prove that it knows the computed shared secret, which only it can do. What is particularly secure about the solution is the endpoint microcontroller must calculate this solution, and it's not just simply a data carrier, as is often the case in many other security platforms. Now, I'd like to demonstrate the solution for you. On this ST micro chronus platform, we've implemented both the master platform and the endpoint ECU. When I touch start, the protocol will run, and if valid, will be indicated. Now the chronus one is reaching out, taking the shared secret, and if correct, will prove valid. By the way, we've significantly slowed down the process so you can see it. This system runs in actual milliseconds in a typical situation, providing the type of performance necessary in the automotive sector. Now we have a counterfeit part that is trying to pretend it has the right credentials. When we run this demonstration here, again, the master or authentic ECU will ask for the credentials from the platform, and the endpoint ECU unable to produce the shared secret component will be proven inauthentic or counterfeit. Both of these solutions are ISO 26262, ASIL level D certified, so they're ready to be used in the automotive market today. Further information from these solutions can be found at ST micro electronics in their automotive section, or on our website at viridify.com. Thank you.


OK, we're going to make a start now. So we have Toby McBride to talk about blood, sweat and tears and electric solar cars. So without further ado, I will hand over to him. Thank you very much indeed. Good afternoon, everyone. Thanks very much for joining me and being here today. It's a lovely day and great to be here at one item, Glastonbury for Geeks in Gilbert. It's a fantastic festival. I've been wandering around for most of the day and looking at some of the stands. And workshops, it's been great to be here. So I'm giving a talk. Actually, it's blood, sweat and carbon, not blood, sweat and tears. This was a phrase coined in Australia by the team. And it's really going to give you this presentation is going to give you an overview of how we actually designed, we built and raced this solar car. It's a pretty incredible feat. We're all students at Durham University, including myself. I'm moving into my third year now. We've got a very exciting time ahead. So I'm going to give you a glimpse into our past and a very exciting future ahead. So let's begin. So we are a student led and student run team, as I said, and we're a mixture of undergrads and post-grads all doing this in our free time. So we're a mixture of anything from engineers normally to business students, marketers and think of any type of degree and we have one. And as a variety of degrees and it's entirely extracurricular. So although at university, you will think, yep, you're going down the pub for a drink. No, we are actually doing this in our free time. So we have a fair bit of free time at university and we like to do this. What about the team history? Well, we've actually are the longest running team to do this. We are founded in 2002 and we built our first solar car in 2004. Now, a lot of you probably won't have seen a solar car before, but some of you may have. And I'll show you a picture one in a second. It's a very unique design. It's basically a table with solar panels on. That's what people often say to us. Why is there a table at a motor show? Or why is there a table here today with solar panels on? It's a very unique design and we built our first one in 2004. So quite a while ago now. We then took this car and we raced it across America. Now, this is a race called NASC, North American Solar Challenge. And we raced this. It's two and a half thousand miles. So it's not like a test track where you race and see he's got the fastest time now, starring the reasonably priced solar car or something. What it is is a two and a half thousand mile race all the way across America. And we actually won what's known as the best rookie team award, which we which we liked in 2011. We took this car and enhanced it a great deal. We built a lot of new refinements into it and we raced it across Australia this time. So another big challenge. This was 3000 kilometers. So no mean feat, 1800 miles in in that form. And actually, we were known as Durham University Solar Car. We now merge with the Formula Student Team. Many of you have heard of Formula Student, of course. Our primary focus going forward is on solar cars, but we do have a Formula Student attribute to the team as well. So this is the car itself in 2008. Pretty unique looking. If there's any Americans amongst you, anyone knows the Jetsons. That's what we kind of like to think it looks like. Very futuristic, very different indeed. And that's it driving along normal highways, everyday roads. Really, really cool and a big challenge for us. So we're driving at highway speeds. Here's some more shots of it. I asked doing some testing before the race actually began. And we also have, again, another shot of us on the road. So this car could do about 50 miles an hour or so pretty fast. Had three wheels, as you can see there. Steel subframe chassis with a carbon fiber top. Now, here's the actual pit garage at the event. You can actually see us. We are next to that big white trailer. We haven't got a big white trailer at the time, but we had humble beginnings and that was us there with a low loader and a van. So we still did very well. The best rookie team, so a great award for us to win. And still, two and a half thousand miles, a big distance. Now, we took this car and we enhanced it. We made it longer. We made it lighter. This is us with a six square meter array driving across Australia with the infamous canopy bouncing along. That's for ventilation, I should point out, obviously, clearly it is. And this is us on the just coming along the Stuart Highway, which is the main road that runs from Darwin in the north all the way down to Adelaide. So that's 1800 miles. It's a big distance and that's us actually finishing in Adelaide. So that's the car again, similar design to the one previously with a few upgrades. Now, most of you think what on earth's happened here is this car fallen over. No, what we've actually done is tilted on its side. So we race from nine to five, so eight to five during the during the day and in the morning and in the in the evening, we have an hour to charge up the batteries. And that's what we do. We point it at the sun and we managed to collect the last bit of charge for our batteries to drive the next day. And again, there's another shot of us there just going across the tropics. And that's us in the pit lane. I've been about 40 teams do this, so it's not like it's a small event. There's millions of dollars invested in this and I'll go on to that later on. Now, what's the point in all of this? You may be thinking, what's the point in designing, building, racing a car that works in the sunshine but you think, why are they developing in Durham?  That's a bit ironic, isn't it? Well, we've got a very exciting future ahead and we have three key arms to this. We're showcasing the latest technology. It's all about proving to the public, it's proving to ourselves that this technology can work in any conditions. It's educating the public. It's saying to the public, look what solar power can do. We can drive infinitely. As long as the sun's shining, we are driving. And it's also inspiring the next generation because we do a lot of outreach to schools. We'll take this to schools across the UK when we go to major events and say, become engineers. Think differently as to how to build things and think differently about our planet. Now, I'm gonna walk you through our brand new car. Our new car, well, it's unlike anything we've ever done before. It had to move to a four-wheel design and we thought we could just add a fourth wheel to the existing one. That's fine. Actually, you probably now see me. I've got some lights, brilliant. We could have done that but we thought we'll start from scratch. So over three years of design and development, we built this car. This car has a four-wheel design, six square meter array and it's unlike anything we've ever done before. Now, this car itself, we thought, well, we're gonna have to make it better, obviously, because we're doing well. We qualified in the top 10 in 2011, had some technical issues, but we did well. We can do better, though. We can do better with our plucky British spirit. So we can do 40% faster top speed than our existing car. That's 70 miles an hour. 70 miles an hour in a car that is five meters long and two meters wide and weighs a third of the weight of the previous car. That's 200 kilograms. It's an unbelievable feat of engineering and a true triumph for our team. So how'd you actually build it on? How'd you actually do it? What does it take? I'm gonna walk you through four key areas. First one is aerodynamics. We've got to make a car that's streamlined to make sure it cuts through the air in the most efficient manner. We've got to make a car that's very sound structurally, that's very light and strong, and that's why carbon fiber comes in. The electronics are a key part. We can build a car that's very aerodynamic. We can build a car that has a very good structure, but if we've got something that goes as fast as a milk float, we've gone backwards. So we need the best power output with the most efficiency, and that's where the electronics comes in. And finally, we need the business side of things. We are entirely student run and led. We are financed through sponsors and private donors, and we have actually probably one of the lower budgets of any of the teams out there. As an example, our budget for this coming year is about 100,000. Michigan have $4 million. A team in the Netherlands, I believe it is, has $28 million. So we are the plucky Brits doing this in a shed in our free time, but we do very well. So let's walk through this. The first thing is aerodynamics. This is a CFD model of our car. As I said, it spent three years in the design and development stage, and it's a truly groundbreaking design, an asymmetric design. Now, when you add a fourth wheel, that's fine. Where do we put the driver? Well, we could put him in the middle. Makes sense. But actually, you add aerodynamic drag. You add weight, because we've got to make the center of the car stronger. We have no longer got a third wheel in line. So we moved him to the left-hand side in between the wheels. Why is the left-hand side, not the right-hand side, when Australia drives on that side? Well, it's actually to cast the least shadow on the panels. We're driving four hours in the morning, five hours in the afternoon evening time, and with those conditions, we cast the least shadow by putting the canopy on the left-hand side. As I said, we sit between the front and rear wheels, and we've also got some innovative suspension, double wishbone at the front and a trading arm rear suspension at the rear to make sure it's incredibly light. We're actually moving to carbon fiber suspension as part of the upgrades this year. So really exciting time for us. The area of the car that actually hits the air itself is less than a square meter, less than a square meter. That is unbelievable for a car of this size. To make it strong and light is very difficult. And now what I'm coming onto is the kind of the structure of the car. Now we've got a big team at Durham who are now pretty much experts in the area as to how to build a car from scratch out of carbon fiber. This has never been done before by us to build an entire car. We've done bits and pieces, you know, as meter squared, let's say. We've never built a car that's five by two meters. So how do we actually do this? Well, I should also point out that we use five times this power than a Prius when we're cruising. How do we actually manage this? Well, let's go through and look at it. We first will create molds. This is a CNC router, cutting the molds out of a model board in order for us to make the complex shapes needed to construct the car. So we form layers of these, we build them up. And this is part of the process at Southwest Durham, just near around down the road from us. They gave us this machine said, you can have a machine, one problem, it's broken. So you need to fix it and then build the car. So we actually fixed the machine and built the car from scratch. One of the only teams to do this. Most teams just say, oh, Ford, you're now down the road from us, Michigan, build the car for us, thanks very much. So we built the car entirely from scratch. And this is what we ended up with for the molds. So we then created an oven in order to heat the carbon fiber up and get the epoxy to set when we put the carbon fiber in. But when you obviously build carbon fiber, you've got to make sure it seals and is correctly formed. And to do that, you've got to create a vacuum. And to create a vacuum, you need a bag this size. What about the length of this room? It's a big lecture theater we got there at Durham. Oh, sorry. It's a pretty big lecture theater we got at Durham and that covered all of it. So if there's one tear in the bag, we've had it. We've got to make sure that the seal is optimal across the entire range. And that's a key part of our layup and building of the structure. So really interesting part of us. Again, we'd never done this before and yet we created a car that is very lightweight and very strong. Moreover, when we move and look at the structural side, we also think about safety for the driver. The rules are, excuse me, the rules are very specific and they say you've got to survive a certain impact. So we actually reinforce the side of the car and the front of the car with Kevlar. That means that we've got great shatter resistance. So when in God forbid, if we did have an accident, the carbon fiber doesn't shatter. Incredible innovation there that we came about with. So that's the structural side. That's the mechanical side. What about the electric side? What about the power tronics of the car? Again, we need this to go fast, but on very little power. So we've got a really innovative new motor that we've designed and built from the ground up. We're moving on to, I think, our fifth generation motor the next time that we go to Australia. And it's an in-wheel motor. It's inside the hub of the wheel. There's no separate gearbox, drive train, chains, anything inside the motor itself. And that means we've got incredible efficiency and we've got incredible top speed as well. As I said, we have now got our second generation of this particular form of in-hub motor. Overall, it's our fifth one that we're building. And we've designed this ourselves and built it ourselves. We're the only team in the world to go, well, let's build our own motor rather than going and getting one and buying one. So we've actually built and designed it from the ground up. And that's enabled us to optimize it to around 94% efficiency. We're actually looking at increasing that towards 98% going forward. So that's an incredible efficiency for us. And the total output is around about five kilowatts we're looking at. Now, that's about what you run on a sort of kettle or similar. So we're not using that much power, but we're still doing 70 miles an hour. So by no means is it gonna set any world records for naught to 60 time, but it's only gonna set world records in the longest distance, shall we say, you can travel. Now, what about the actual electronics themselves? Well, we designed ourselves a battery management system. We've got maximum PowerPoint trackers, MPPTs, to ensure the solar panels are operating at their best. We've got the solar cells and driver management tools. So we've completely designed these from the ground up ourselves and we've recently partnered with SevCon just up the road in Newcastle to assist us with this as well. We've also got really clever telemetry. So when we're driving across Australia, we have, or America or wherever it is, we have a lead and chase car. And we're able to feed real time data to those cars via a high-powered Wi-Fi to say, well, how the motor's performing, how the battery's performing. So we've got incredibly advanced data and that also means we can actually control the car. We can set the speed of the cruise when we're going along. So it's really incredible feat there. And, excuse me, we also use a standard CAN bus in our ABS and other electronic components in the system. Now, what about these solar panels? There they are. There they are in question. There's 391 of them. So I won't ask you to count them up. I'll tell you this, Ringer91. They're about 24% efficient and they're silicon-based. So these are probably the most advanced silicon solar cells you can get in the world today that are available. There are other types. Gallium arsenide, for instance, that go up to 40% efficiency. We've stuck with 20%. The actual weight of the whole solar array you see there is five kilograms and it's only a millimeter thin. So there's no glass or any extra weight holding us back. It's just those raw panels. And they're encapsulated by a company called Gockermann in Germany using a process that's unbelievable. That actually increases the efficiency for us. We've also got a lithium-ion battery pack on board. We've recently halved the weight of that but keeping the same energy density. So now actually, while we did have 40 kilograms, we're now moving to 20 kilograms. Makes us lighter, makes us able to go faster for longer. But what about, you know, we built a car. What do we actually do with it? Well, we race it, as I said. This is a CGI bus by Air's Rock. We'll hopefully go there this year. Pretty cool. And that's Australia. Driving all the way down the Stuart Highway from Darwin down to Adelaide. As I said, it's 3,000 kilometers. Well, actually specifically 3,022. And trust me, the 22 is the hardest bit for us. Darwin to Adelaide, as I said. And it's run every two years in the autumn in Australia. Next one's October, next year, 2017. We race from eight till five. That's a pretty long time to race. Incredible heat to give an example. We saw temperatures of 50 degrees centigrade inside the car and on the panels.  That's how hot it was. It would burn you if you touched it. We've got 45 other teams competing, as I said, many of whom, most of them have six-figure or more budgets. We've got one of the lower ones, but we do really well with it because we've managed to design and build everything ourselves. And we've also got various different classes of entry. As an example, we run in the Challenger class. That's designed to go as fast as possible for as long as possible. But there's also the Cruiser class, which is a bit less table, like a bit more car-like, shall we say. Looks a bit more, you know, more like a car. And that's the actual distance we're driving. So we're driving in the equivalent of kind of Norway to Greece to give you an idea to put it more Eurocentric. So a pretty long way. Now, here's a picture of us on the road with a Land Rover Discovery there, Jaguar Land Rover, one of our sponsors. As I said, we run entirely on solar power. We drive from eight till five. We camp where we stop. Now, in 2011, we kind of learned a lesson because we had to stop and camp. We decided to camp next to a cattle grid, which went well. You can imagine the noise throughout the night as road trains thunder over it. So the person who chose that campsite was not popular. I think he was sacked the next day. And we're entirely self-sufficient. So we have to collect our own water tanks. We have to have de-ironized water for the solar cells. We have to have our own food, our own fuel, everything we have to do ourselves. It's a challenge for the car, and it's also a big challenge for the team. So let's have a look at some of the photos from us. Of us there, this is some of the pitch. You can actually see some of the Cruiser class cars there, the kind of two in the center that look a bit more car-like. So we've got the Challenger class as well there. There's another shot of the cars going down the pit lane. As I said, 45 other teams do this. So we're in the pits in Darwin to qualify. So there's a qualifying round that we enter, and all the teams enter. There's various dynamic scrutineering stages and static scrutineering stages. And that's us in the pit lane getting ready to qualify amongst the team. And then another shot there, a nice shot of us of Hidden Valley Raceway in Darwin. It's a great test track and a great availability for us to build things and design things at the last minute should anything go wrong. That's our motor being slotted into the car. You can see the training armoring suspension on it. And the roll hoop just behind that. So it sits directly behind the driver on the left-hand side. scrutineering comes along. So the drivers are weighed. There's a very interesting technique which is basically we want them to weigh as close to the 80 kilogram ballast that we have. So we have to make sure the driver is 80 kilograms. If they're less than that, they're ballasted up to it. So we, you can see Ellie there on the right. She was basically force-fed water to increase her weight. So we have various tactics that we employ and other teams employ to make sure that we get every extra kilogram or less kilograms of ballast to put in the car. So we're weighed, we're scrutineered as well. This is us in static scrutineering inside a big hanger that they've got to the other test track and all the other teams are scrutinized on things like your braking distance when you're doing dynamic scrutineering, the design of the car, how many solar cells you've got, the safety systems, fire extinguishers, did you anything, God forbid, happen? Everything's checked and proved there. So it's a very safe event. This is us, we managed to qualify. We did encounter a technical issue with the motor. It is 50 degrees out there, so things do, and it's very humid, so things do short-circuit a bit easily, shall we say. But undeterred, we qualified. A lot of teams actually didn't qualify. We were one of a fair few to do so. And this is us actually on the road. This is us driving from Darwin to Adelaide. Land Rover Discovery is flanking us. We had two very kindly provided to us by Jaguar Land Rover, as I said. This is us again driving across, so we're in proper desert conditions. You can just about see how sparse and barren it is. It's a real challenge for us. Now, this isn't our car, don't worry. When I first saw this picture, I went, guys, you didn't tell me about this. When did that happen? Now, this is one of the Malaysian teams. They, as I was saying about the battery chemistry, lithium-ion, and particularly certain types of lithium-ion batteries are incredibly susceptible to thermal runaway if they're damaged. This is what happened to the Malaysian team. We got a call over the radio, saying, guys, we've got a major problem. So we sped up, and you have to basically, once a lithium-ion battery fire starts, it's not going to stop very quickly. So we had to shovel sand onto it. We had fire extinguishers that we had to deploy. It was a pretty exciting moment. They managed to actually finish the race as well. They managed to rebuild their batteries, rebuild their systems, all the teams pulled together to make sure they could finish. So a real show of camaraderie there, but an incredibly dramatic sight for us to see. The driver proving that you could get out in the 15 seconds that was the limit. So it's a big challenge for us. We mustn't underestimate the challenge there and the danger. This is us on the road, fortunately not on fire, that we've stopped on the side of the road just to get everything sorted. So we have various checkpoints we have to meet. So as an example, we have to be at a certain place at a certain time to make sure that we are performing correctly, and they check that out. We haven't been tweaking anything on the way as to the observers we have. And this is actually one of the things we have to do whilst there. So when we are on the road and we've camped for the evening, we have to wash the solar panels down. They get a lot of dust on them. That degrades the efficiency. So we have to wash them off, but not using any water, using de-ironized water to ensure that make sure they're clean and have the optimal optical quality that we need to perform at 24% efficiency. Again, these are so fragile. If you touch them, it damages them. So we have to be very careful. We have to keep saying hands off array. So we have to make sure we didn't touch it. It's very, very fragile indeed. This is us camping, nice evening shot we had as we were settling down for the night. So not to do similar to here, I suppose, camping in the middle of nowhere. Although a few more spiders and snakes and other things as well to get your sleeping bag. But an incredible adventure for us and is a nice and nice shot of the car on one of the final evenings before we reached Adelaide. And this is us at the finish. We managed to finish despite our technical issues. We managed to complete the whole 3,000 kilometers from start to finish. We didn't manage to actually drive all of it unfortunately, but we still finished. Which is a big feat. This year we're going back and going to be the first ever UK team, we hope, to go from Darwin to Adelaide entirely without stopping, without any malfunctions. So we set us a big goal because no team has ever done that from the UK before. Again, this is us right at the finish line. It's a big event. It's held as I said every two years. I think it's been going since about the 1980s when a couple of drunk Australians said let's go and have a bit of fun with solar panels and see how far we can go because it's hot and sunny. So it's been going for a number of years this event but it's really grown to be the premiere solar race. What about other things we do? We do other events. We want to showcase our technology to you guys. Now the car's not here, it's back in Durham being fixed and being worked on and enhanced. But we take this to major events so we get huge publicity because people go, what on earth is this thing? Why is there a table with solar panels on it? Or why is there a, what was the other one they said, a boat? People think it's a boat. This is us meeting Prince Michael Kent and Sir Nigel Mansell at the London Motor Show. That was a big shock for me because I was chatting to the stand next to me. I wasn't told that they were coming around and managed to miss him on the first attempt but then he came over and had a very nice chat with us about the car. So very nice job. And I don't know if you recognize this guy. Your body more used to seeing him with a white suit and helmet on. That was the stick, Ben Collins. He came along and was very keen to see our car and find out more about it. Again, I didn't recognize him until he actually introduced himself as he was. So it was pretty exciting to see him. That's myself talking to Tiffany Dale. That's probably when I told him about the, that reaction he's got. That's probably when I told him about the Malaysian team and the fire they had. I rather like that shot of him and I doing a Q&A there, not too dissimilar to this kind of environment, actually. It's coming back next year as well. So keep an eye out for it. We'll be back next year, hopefully, as well. We were then really excited because we were invited off the back of that to come to probably the biggest motor event in the world, Goodwood, the Festival of Speed there. To give you an idea, that had 68 million people hear about it around the world. That's just one event. Hundreds of thousands came and saw us. That's the sculpture there by BMW. We had a stand there that we managed to get. This is the car there, attracting a great deal of interest. It's a really, really cool bit of kit as we built a new canopy for it as well. And that's our stand there, representing Durham University and all our sponsors. So we see huge reach and we see huge interest from all ages. And by all ages, particularly referenced as last week, week before last, I think last week, was last week. We're at the Science Museum. We're actually exhibited for three days there as part of the Antenna Live event. And we were featured on a number of programs in the London area. So we get really big interest from kids going, how on earth does this thing work? It's massive. It's an incredible feat of engineering. And I know, for example, our team principal saw Durham's solar car, that Jetson looking one in 2004, 2008 time. And now he's team principal, and now has gone onto it. So he's been hugely inspired. Just to quickly recognize, these are the list of sponsors that we have. So a variety of small and large companies. ClimbOnline, as an example recently signed, you probably might have heard of a guy called Lord Sugar. His apprentice, Mark Wright, the Australian chap, who found a digital marketing agency. He's building a new website for us. That's an incredible new sponsorship deal we signed. We also have Jaguar Land Rover and a series of others. So, and we continue to look to expand for this. Some of them are like connecting with us engineers and offering them jobs. Others like inspiring the next generation. And others like saying, here's some technology. Go and show how good it is. So as I said, this car, the 70 miles an hour, it weighs 200 kilograms and uses five times this power than the Toyota price. But what's next? That's the past. What about the future? Well, I won't get into too much detail because there's a lot of things we're all working on that I can't yet mention, but we've got a very exciting future ahead. We've got all the events coming up, leading up to Australia 2017, going back to Australia, racing all the way across the outback. We look forward to welcoming a lot of people to see us at future events and we're very excited what's to come. Very, very excited indeed. I hope you can see that our new values that we've come up with of showcase, educate and inspire are truly shown by myself and others members of the team and indeed the car that we've designed and built from scratch. This was a labour of love that we were up till 4 a.m. most mornings, getting it ready. Most of the guys didn't sleep while they were in Australia. The team principal told me I had the best flight back. I said, why is that? He said, well, I slept for the whole 13 hours. So, pretty much from Malaysia to London. He said, I remember going to bed, I was before going to sleep just as the plane took off and then next thing I know, I was in London. So, he had very little sleep over the entire race. It's a really grueling challenge, but we are very excited to be going back there next year. I think I've just finished on time, which is good. I went into the Q&A on the stage. I'll just be down at the front if you want to come and ask me any questions about the technology we've done, the events we've attended, what's coming up, any questions whatsoever. I'm more than happy to answer them. And if I can't answer them, then I'll give you Teams contact details and you can get in touch with them. So, thank you very much indeed for listening. It's an honour to be here, a privilege to be here. Hope you enjoy the rest of the event and thank you very much again.


I always love to work with a co-facilitator. So someone who's facilitating the workshop with me as the secondary facilitator. Why? Because I want to be able to focus on the individual members of the team that I'm facilitating. And my co-facilitator can do the things that maybe would pull me away from that. For example, setting up the table or setting up the Miro board, making sure everyone's got their coffees, everyone's got their drinks. And then if I need a break from my voice, I'll hand over to my co-facilitator for one or two exercises so that I can regenerate and that I can be at my best level for the workshop. And so for me, it's always just great to have a co-facilitator there to just ease some of the pressure of facilitating a group. And you know how tiring that can be if you do it very often, even if it's remote, having a co-facilitator is just a great thing to have. It's a luxury to have if you can have that when you're running a workshop.


Welcome folks, this is Tom O'Brien or TFNN. We have five days a week, we get seven hours a day, we go 24 hours a day on the internet at TFNN.com. Always remember folks, what if you think about, you bring about whatever. You focus on growth, hope everyone's having a great day, safe day, let's make it a great holiday weekend folks and bottom line, be safe out there. Let's take a look at one of our four agreements. This is a great one, you know what's interesting folks is that, you know we have the new year, but for some reason personally myself, the, I feel like the September Labor Day is a new year and you know, I guess it's because you're growing up in Boston, you know, everyone's going back to school, the bottom line is, you know, so this is a really cool time of the year. Always do your best, take action on your ideas. This is why I'm reading this card, reading this card, because I remember opening quite a few businesses right as soon as I was getting back, well as soon as Labor Day was happening, when I was a kid. Doing your best means to take action. You can have many great ideas in your head, but without action, upon an idea, there'd be no manifestation, no results, and no reward. I got a rise, let's take a look at it out here.  We got Silver up 25 cents, $17.91 an ounce, light sweet crude flat, $86.98 a barrel, notes and bonds. You get the 10-year up 21 ticks, trading 116.21, the 30-year up a full point at 135.03 in Kingdala. Kingdala's down 169 ticks, trading 109.522. The Euro is at 99, the Yen is at 140, and the British pound is at 115 to 1 US dollar. Our phone number's<PHONE_NUMBER>. Give us a call folks, I know it's going on in your world, and the world of the S&P's, let's take a look at them. Well, let's go to the futures, so we can kind of bisect and dissect what we think is gonna be happening here in the next 51 minutes. So, you had the market fall apart, well here, let me bring this back, because you're gonna see that the market couldn't even get up to the highs that were generated two days ago. Just got to it, basically. Gave it up in spades, right? So now, let's go take a look and see where we're at. So, we came down hard and fast, you got a little pop, okay, so we don't have a high volume low first off, okay? So that low that we made out here, bottom line, is that what, 50 minutes ago, is not there, but that being said, what the market just tried to do, the market just trying to get over the 39.43 area, failed. So, we'll see how this baby shakes out, you know? Let's see, that was coming into 65,000 contracts. Wait, wait, we're not going up, we're going down. So, watch this. So, you can see how we came down, and you see how we just went up against it, right there, that 10 minutes, 38,000 contracts, well, you get the seller out here at 65,000 contracts, that makes for more selling. Into the end queues, we go to the end queues. Well, first of all, let's go, and the queues, the bottom line is that the queues have an ABC structure on the way down. They broke the B point yesterday, broke it with volume, you know, the bottom line, we had 57 million shares versus 51, what you have out here, 281.84 is your price projection, and the highs of the lows are 276. I suspect it's going to go right for the low. The reason I'm saying that is that now, if we go over to the spy, watch what's going on here, because we could very well get a larger ABC structure down. Particularly, you can see the spy missed it. The spy yesterday had 78 million shares versus 85, so that's not an ABC down. That being said, guess what? The spy failed out here at a price point of 400, I mean, 401, he's trading 393, the spy's only going to need 78 million shares to have a larger ABC down. If that's what we get, your A point on this is 419, your B is going to be 390, so we got 29 bucks, the C is out here today, and so you're talking about 471, or 371, and the low is 362, the highest 369, so that telling me we're going right for the lows, man. This thing's going to, you know, yeah. Gold, gold contract, we take a look at gold. Gold's up 15 bucks today. We'll see if we can get any follow-through. The bottom line is that each and every time this has happened, there's zero follow-through. We got juice out of today, we got 165,000 contracts. That's good. You actually did not break the low, which is impressive. The low is 1666, 10, 1696, 10, rather, and we hit 17, oh, no, yesterday we hit 1699, 10. 1696, 1699, yeah. And now let's go to Kingdala, because Kingdala, bottom line, it's amazing that gold isn't down a lot more. Kingdala, you can see what's happening here, where it's hanging, it's at highs. It's over the high, you know? We'll see where this shakes out, man, because if Kingdala, you know, really does its deal and even wants to go up this 121, that's going to be a whole different ball game, whole different ball game, and you can see there's not much in between where we are now and once it broke, we put this up here so you can see where that break came. You know, you did that break, you know? The next swing point is 120, the high's 121, 0, 2, 0. So pressure, heavy, heavy pressure. There's no two ways about that. And, you know, what we're going to have next week now, okay, so watch what happens here. Calendar-wise, even Tuesday and Wednesday is not going to be that busy, yeah. So as we hit, yeah, maybe late Wednesday, Thursday, you got big action, big action. And we'll see which way the volume wants to go. Right now, when we did, let me show you this too, because what also happened yesterday, inside the NASDAQ, as volume came in the NASDAQ again, see that 4.7 billion, bottom line, it was taking out the B point, the B point there was 4.6. And you take swings out with volume folks, ABC structures, particularly, we've been in an ABC structure since almost last January, you know? So this has been an ABC market on the way down. It's been totally consistent. We were totally consistent on an ABC market about the last four months going up and then we're totally consistent on down. Markets can do ABC structures until they don't anymore. The longest I've ever seen, okay, was approximately almost two years on the way up. And that was, amen. On the way down, they tend to be much quicker because the flush down the toilet is much quicker. That's what comes down to it. Dow, Dow Industries right now down to 2.37, NASDAQ's off 1.60, 1.29, the S&P's off 33, we'll cover my bed.


So if I were to ask you a really quick question, true or false? Reasoning and decision making can be divorced from emotions and in doing so, people make better decisions. You've probably been told that a lot, right?  The idea though is a little bit crazy because physiologically speaking, it's actually impossible for that to happen. We know that emotions are critical to decision making and all new perception is going to pass through these filters of emotional memories before they are processed at a cognitive level.


As defined by law, cultural heritage refers to the totality of cultural property preserved and developed through time and passed on to posterity. Cultural property refers to all products of human creativity by which a people in a nation reveal their identity. These include churches, mosques, and other places of worship, schools, and natural history specimens and sites. Whether public or privately owned, movable or immovable, and tangible or intangible. In the series of lectures, esteemed educators from our national university lend pertinent discussions thus open academic discourses on Philippine cultural heritage relating to their respective fields of discipline and expertise. These can and may be used as resource materials for further learning and study. Well experienced and distinguished archaeologist Vic Pash shares his knowledge on the vital relationship between archaeology and heritage. He digs into this connection dissecting the elements, aspects, realms, processes, agenda, impacts, and challenges. According to him, archaeology is a systematic study of history that develops a heritage being tangible, which is physical, and intangible, which is conceptual. Hence he believes that the importance of archaeological studies on heritage deepens the consciousness and understanding of an identity which strengthens its culture. It provides a sense of being, a sense of belonging, a sense of worth, and a sense of pride which precede genuine development and progress of a state, nation, and people. Archaeological data and information must be discovered, analyzed, studied, and shared to inclusive and collaborative public archaeology as a sustainable heritage initiative. Archaeology and heritage is the first thing that we call Pamanan Lahi. Before we start, I would like to say that what I would like to share is the classic Pamanan. Let us first learn what archaeology means. What do we mean by heritage or Pamanan Lahi? And why is it so important that we can see the first two concepts? Archaeology is a systematic study of history. Its study is about the first cultures in the world, which means that we study the things that they left behind, and the things that were not left behind, but left behind in the land. Heritage or Pamanan Lahi is a big concept. But if we want to simplify it, this is Pagaari, Pamanan. And Pamanan or Pamanan. What this means is that people should be able to understand the things that they left behind. Heritage has two classes. We will talk about the English, tangible and intangible. The other two classes are like this. The intangible is what you see and what you hear. The intangible is what you hear, what you see, but it is not what you hear. It is more conceptual. In tangible heritage, we can say that we are still in the land. The natural that we see around us now has a deep connection to the culture of people and the things that were created by people, the cultural. For example, the natural is what we see in agriculture, the plants, such as mucayno, tubo, arayat, ganahau, mga kueba, mga... You can see the things that we see in tubo and arayat. Those are the living things, such as haring ebon or filipinigal. That is natural heritage or Pamanan life. The cultural that they have is the most beautiful example. It is in Ramuros. The place where the castles were made during the time before the 20th century. And the vegan is another example. Another good example that we can see in the whole of the Philippines are the plants that were grown on this rock. You can only see it in the three years that passed, but it is true that these plants were grown when it was around the 20th century. That is what we call tangible cultural heritage. But it is very difficult and very important that the intangible, the non-existent, to talk about, for example, about the joy in talking about the wisdom, the wisdom of the people. How do you get the wisdom? How do you explain it? And the first thing is that it is very difficult to say far away about the studies of the culture and the Pamanan life. But it is important that we can see what we can say about the Pamanan life. In the study of archeology, it is important that we do not only say tangible what we are studying, but we should learn and understand what we are saying in tangible. And the important thing is that we can see in our belief in the whole history of the people in the world that the creation of a culture, a group of people, in the talk of the same intangible and tangible heritage is the continuation of the growth of their culture because this is the continuation of the Pamanan life of the people in the Pamanan life of the people in the world. And that is very important to our Filipinos. We still need to understand why we are doing this.  If we look again at the Pamanan life and the other sources of its importance, the sources of the country, the Republic of the Philippines, the Philippines, the sources of the country, to be a European country that is happy, the sources of the smaller communities and to be a part of a community of the people of the country. The importance of the Pamanan life is very central in its transformation. The biggest and most important is the Pamanan life of the people in the country and the country we are talking about now is the Republic of the Philippines. Now, archaeology is always used in the length of time of the states, of the republics all over the world and the Republic of the Philippines in the United States. In fact, early on, when the boots were found, the first people in the Pamanan life in Palawan even though this is 47,000 years old, this is Jacob and the State said and the Philippines that these are the Philippines. Even though the Philippines is not here, do we have a problem there? No, but we have to understand that they are not the Philippines, they are the Filipino people. And this kind of discourse is important for us to understand so that we know that archaeology is used in the length of the Pamanan life. If this is the length for everyone or the length for the people or the sector of the country. For example, we can remember that for the last six years, we have money for 1,000 pesos, where in the back are the chrysterises and the Manungu Jar. Manungu Jar is 1,000 and maybe 50 years of the life of the people in Palawan and this is an icon that we put in our money. It is gone now. But again, there are heritage icons that we can say are natural. There are no cultural heritage in our markers inside our money. For example, the State uses information from archaeology to identify the Pamanan life of the State or the country. Now, when will it come out? We really have something that we already know but it is still there. 709,000 years ago, there were poor people who were left in the same valley in Luzon along with the big hills and the big hills are elephants and rhinoceros. The rhinoceros that I saw fossilized are markers that are used and used stones to do this. But 709,000 years ago, we are not human anymore. We are not modern human anymore. Are these the Filipino? No. Are these part of our Pamanan life? Yes. And that is what happened. We are doing Pamanan life as a community, as a country. We should only do part of our life in our discourse on being a community of Filipinos. Now, in the Philippines, we use information from the archeology that is not used by the state, by the government, but by the people to say that this is part of our Filipino life. We should understand that. We should understand that if we go to the top of the country, where we can see that the communities, the provinces, the villages, the small towns, the villages and the villages the big towns that are used in our archeology to identify the people or the people in a community. I found that among my students in the Philippines in archeology, you can't really make in the Philippines that you will not be able to understand what you are doing in the community. We need to return the information, the information to the state, even if it is not to the state. Because they are the only ones, our fellow citizens, who are still living in the result of the new data or information that we will receive, starting from the early days of archeology. For example, there is a village in Bontoc Peninsula, where we lived there for a decade. We learned that there is still a big living there that has been around for thousands of years. And in that village, in Katanauan, there are people who have been living their lives for a long time, inside a big building that has been built, and inside there are all the people who have been living there. This is different because there is no community living there. And they don't know that. And when they found out that there is a big living in their result, the community has different views on their place of residence, and I think it helped them to find out who they are as a part of the community there in Katanauan. On the other side of the village, there are people who have been living in the result of the new data. We are called Sir Coffeguy. On the top of Bontoc Peninsula, in the beginning, this is different. There is only one class living in the Philippines. And because there is only one class living in the Philippines, the community has found out that they are the only ones living there. And because they are like that, they also have the same thing in our Prime, where they have different views on their country. And that has become a part of their membership in the village. In other words, it is not that difficult if we give them a view that they will share the knowledge of the children's education to the communities closest to where archaeologists do their research. Another good example is in the island of Tikau, in Montreal, in Masbate, there are people who are looking for a way to say bye-bye. And this is the good example, because the community does not need to give up. On the other side, they saw this, they said, this is for us, this should not happen. This should not happen in Manila and in the National Museum. This should be shown in Montreal, in Tikau. And because the negotiations are good, in the National Museum and the Mayor's Office in Tikau, they agreed on a good plan. Where? What we are saying is that it is displayed in Tikau and it is also displayed in the National Museum. We can see here that the people of Tikau may not be able to see this. If they do not have a view, they will not know that this is what we call bye-bye. The people who can see this in Palayo, or in their village, who can see this. In the third phase, we will be able to say that it is important, in the history, archeology, and the government, because this was done correctly, or was discussed, or was sensitive to the reaction of the community, we have the opportunity to raise the number of people we speak to. Why is it important to raise the number of people? I believe that it is important to use politics, to talk about the economy, to raise the number of people. This should not be repeated first, to raise the number of people. We should be able to raise the number of people and the economy and politics should not be raised first or try to raise the number of people. I believe that if you raise the number of people of a community, who they are, who they are, who they are as a part of a big community, they will be able to have not only income, but also income from their community to the government, they will be able to see where they are, where they are going. That means, you in English, you do because you raise the number of people in their culture, they will have a sense of belonging, sense of worth, and because of that, they will be able to have not only their income from their culture, but also their income from their community and how much they will be able to raise their community. The difference is, if you raise the number of people and their income, the economy and politics can be raised, but the taste of the people will be removed from their land and transferred to other places. And you are already lucky that they will be able to return their income to their community. That's why, in the discussion of archaeology, we did not only study to answer the questions we asked in our methodology, we also studied to make public archaeology. And this is what we will say in our discussion. We will talk about the impact of people at the beginning of our study. Public archaeology for me is the process of archaeology that we study. But right away, at the end of the study, it is explained to the communities, to the people around us that we study. Wherever in the Philippines or wherever in the world. In the Philippines, there are two types of public archaeology. The types of archaeology that come from the top, like the National Museum, the NCCA, the government institutions and their study is big. And the study is specific. It came from one place, from one site, from one province, and the study was not big. The difference between the two is when it comes to the top, you have more institutionalization, you have museums, you have programs, you have workshops, and that's what you do in many provinces, many villages in the Philippines. The smaller one that comes from the top is not created. It is really included in the research design of the people who work or do basic research in the part of the Philippines where they study. At the end of the study, at the end of the study, we will combine the archeology and the knowledge that we have seen. This will come from the top, from the institutions of the Philippines, from the villages or from the schools, from the researchers who do their research. The question is, how do we continue to do this? How can this be sustainable? At the end of the study, there are elements that we need to be aware of. First, there is no new data in basic research. Second, there is no data that is not sustainable if the government does not pass the law. Third, it is not sustainable if there is no part that is not sustainable. It will not continue if you will not organize organizations that will join people who have been in the community where the information came from. Next, there should be universities, colleges that continue to study how to be sustainable what we are saying initiative. And, again, as we are doing now, we should be part of the wider part of the country that is interested in the whole of the Philippines from the sectors that are studying to be sustainable and all of it will continue. Now, in basic research in the Philippines, there are only a few that we can continue to study and in their next study, there will be the next year that we can continue to be sustainable. One of those is again value. In terms of our good news the people who have been raised in Luzon, in Envali, in Angaso, in Malalacay, seven hundred nine thousand years ago, our friends in the middle of the time, we know that there are Malalacay there, and there are other archaeological sites there. The government, the local governments have a lot of information about this. And they have made arrangements to show the results of our research to ordinary people in Cagayan Valley. One example is in Cagayan Valley, we can see where, in Calau Cave, we can see the evidence of a class of people who are not the people we can say like us. These are just the people who can say that they are the people who are now in the Philippines. But they are not in the Philippines. And there, in the middle of the time, the government, the institutions, there is a potential to be sustainable. We can explain that, for example, in the middle of the time of archaeology, we can see that there are a lot of evidence. And because of that, the project can be said to be effective for ordinary people and because of that, there is a potential to be sustainable. Now, there is another in Mindanao, in Agusan Valley. In Agusan Valley, there are those who are and we know, the banks that we are going to visit and in the middle of the time of the year, there are a lot of other evidence. Other than the one that Lollong saw, that is now in the National Museum for Natural History, in Manila. So, from the natural and environmental heritage, we can see that Agusan Valley, in the help of the government, in the help of the communities that they have, they know that Lollong is using their knowledge in teaching to strengthen their idea of what we call community. Now, in talking about the support of the State, it is important to mention, that this is an important country, for example, the National Museum, Department of Tourism, NCCA, et cetera. In talking about the province, it is important for the government to know about the resources such as PCSD or Council for Sustainable Development and about the local government such as Mayor's Office and Mayor's Office. In everything, all of them are part of our community that is sustainable. That is why it is important to mention the schools themselves, the local government but it is important to mention the knowledge in teaching, in lectures, in workshops where we always say this is our knowledge and this is what we all do. That is what we do in the whole of the Philippines but I can't say what we do and what we say changes the opinion of the Filipinos in the conversation of our government and the government. While we are prerequisites to be sustainable that we can say changes, there is no in the whole of the Philippines that we can say that all of this is stronger. For example, the most difficult for everyone is to make a group that is part of the community that is stronger than that to make a group of people and they are doing it to make them a group of people or community. The closest thing I think of is the community where in a small community they do this. But there is a problem for example, in the national and provincial government the support is not that strong. Other than there is no local educational institution that can help us to separate from the children of archeology the knowledge that we say that we have their support. That is a problem. Universities outside of Manila outside of UP are struggling to do research institute or organizations that can do education. So they can help or do initiatives to make sustainable the ones they see the first challenges. One more thing to say is the sustainability of our actions of archeology and heritage is something that is important and this is the story of tourism. Where does it come from? There is a lot of debate but one thing that we can say is that the effect of tourism to all of our friends when you go to a place where you can see the archeological site or you can see other areas or other parts they will help tourists. The important thing is to make a kind of tourism that we can say sensitive to the needs or the distances that we call archeology and when you go to a place where you can see other countries. So let's look at basic research, state support basic community sharing in communities organizations collaborations with other types of institutions and the big part of tourism like here in the TVUB we really don't have what we can say is passed to all of us an element that will give a sustainable model for what we want to do. So in the context of countries and communities the use of archeology and other nascent heritage is good for the spread of bad countries and that's important. Other people can be one of the many people where they can see that they can be a part of or have an idea where they are living where they are and there there is a role of archeology in the context of what we see of the things that are part of the community not just a group of communities but also other parts of a community. For example if there are new buildings those buildings will also be part of the community if they are part of the archeology in their place. Another important point is nationalism is important but the nationalism that is that is a big change and not just in the countries and communities is a kind of nationalism and it can be a nationalism that is not good but if this is related to communities we can say that people are able to live because they have an idea that they are not a part of a small community that is big in the country that is why in the context of what we want to be part of the archeology is a way to improve the culture and the identity of the people. The people of the few communities they have an identity that is a way to be part of it. The country and the country can see important concepts of the future and their history will be a part of the archeology and heritage. The people can be part of it if we understand information and knowledge from archeology. And again the knowledge of archeology can be achieved by teaching of the agenda of archeology. In other words I believe that in the Philippines if you are studying archeology you cannot not watch it. The effect of this of archeology. At the end our lesson is to learn more about archeology. And the knowledge can be used in the first years of the culture. It is important to say that the people are sometimes different from others. What I want to say is that we are different and our experience is more important to the people who are watching us. And if that is what we can learn maybe we can avoid the mistakes and mistakes that we can use for everything to happen. I am Dr. Victor Paz from the University of the Philippines in Lima.