and just like that we are back in the studio back from the mountains okay took out the Nike Pegasus 35 turbos today paired with these Solomon socks it was a special day no discomfort no blisters no nothing just the turbos okay I don't like the turbos at sub 545 pace per mile they're just a little too mushy but it's six minutes a mile 6 10 6 15 and I know like those paces might not apply to you directly but just think like whatever your fast race pace is I am not feeling it in the turbos but a nice solid long run like today which I'll just dive into that right now they're feeling really really nice okay so 22 miles today I didn't realize I didn't remember this but I used to run at that location while I was a student at the University of Colorado when I was on the CU cross country team I actually made a vlog go check it out all about that road Magnolia Road we call it Magnolia Road even though I guess it's called Magnolia Drive anyway go check it out it's kind of the story behind Magnolia Road for me and how it played a part in me walking on to the CU cross country team so go check that out and today 22 miles you start off I think you're like right at 8800 feet maybe 89 it's like you're right under 9000 feet above sea level and then you actually I did some extra mileage and then you drop down to I don't know my guess is about 7800 and then you go back so it's an out-and-back run so 22 miles 6 20 per mile 35 kilometers everyone outside the United States 35 kilometers which I just calculated is about 358 basically four minutes per kilometer so really good long run tomorrow I think I'm gonna talk about or maybe the next day my marathon training update and how many more long runs I have left with basically four and a half weeks to go in this training block before Cleveland so all is well there and one last point before diving into building our mental strength if you want to call it toughness you can I prefer mental confidence that's right mental confidence that's how I approach racing and training so we're gonna get into that in a second but guess what no live stream tonight YouTube has stopped my abilities to live stream because of what happened with the Boston Marathon so that's not good I'm investigating I frankly don't really have time to figure out exactly why so this is not good so I'm not gonna live stream tonight I can't like it well I can it's it the feature has been taken away for now I'm confident it'll be back hopefully soon hopefully it's I'm basically I got a strike on the account a copyright strike so hopefully it's basically that strike will remain for three months and then they take it away I'm really hoping that the live streaming is not gone for three months but I'll keep you updated instead what I'm gonna do remember all the questions that you've sent me they are in this box plus another you know 10 to 20 questions have arrived in the last just in the last week so they will end up in this box so instead tomorrow so Wednesday when we would be doing the live streaming I'm gonna record a Q&A video upload it and you could watch that as I answer your questions from this box I apologize this is life we move on we march on I'm not giving up I'm not afraid I'm not afraid all right now we're gonna dive into mental toughness but as I already mentioned I prefer to approach it from the standpoint from the description of mental confidence okay okay let me and I'll try and be as as concise and clear as possible basically these are some rules that I've created for myself and this is it's based on 20 years of running and frankly it may not be what you want to hear but here we go you ready for this I'm just gonna read a few here fitness does not lie fitness does not lie all right so when you're getting ready for a peak race and you are you want to go win the state championship as a cross-country team or you want to win the four by 800 at the state track meet or you're you're striving for that Boston qualifier time or you are striving to set a PR in a road 10k fitness does not lie okay that's number one number two put yourself in and these are all what I'm what I'm describing right now this is to help alleviate some of the mental anxiety that you might be putting on yourself as you are approaching a peak race okay number two put yourself in uncomfortable situations in your training remember I've talked about calculated risks in your training specifically from the three and a half week mark let's just call it three week mark to six week mark leading up to your peak race so in that three to six weeks out from a peak race that is when I which is right now which is why I went to the mountains and ran 22 miles at 8800 feet above sea level and had a pretty good clip that is why I did that today I put myself in an uncomfort I was quote-unquote a smidge I'll just say it a little nervous today like okay this is gonna hurt and I did that on purpose anyway so that's number two put yourself in uncomfortable situations and number three learn and this is I've been running for 20 years maybe you've only been running for three months and that's okay and it takes time just got to be patient with it learn to enjoy and in parentheses I'm gonna put embrace the suffering the pain it takes time it really does there's no other way to say it other than you've got to be patient and consistent in your training and over time your body will learn to quote-unquote enjoy the suffering today on some of those hills from mile 14 to 20 it was it's like there's some serious hills up at Magnolia Road and I was mentally making the decision using my free will we'll get to that in a second to enjoy this suffering it's a crazy place to go it's kind of going into that pain cave as we often talk about in ultra running so I went to the pain cave and I sat there as I was still running and I was like okay I'm going to enjoy this pain my legs screaming at me my lungs I was breathing of course I was breathing I'm going to learn to enjoy this breathing and of course focus on my form that was big today we won't get into that too much but I had to make the choice today to enjoy the pain embrace the pain I'll just add one more thing there's no luck there's no luck in long distance running I'm sorry I don't believe there's luck in basketball you can make a half court shot and I think there might be a little now I realized Steph Curry is pretty good at hitting half court shots so there is some talent there but sometimes you see a half court shot you're like okay that was a little bit of luck there all right in long distance running again fitness does not lie there's no I just don't believe that there's luck in long distance running you put in the work and you make it happen so again for me it's not about mental toughness it's about mental confidence why your body's gonna win if you go out too hard in a marathon and you blow up at mile eight nine ten you're in for a long day it it doesn't matter I in my opinion it doesn't matter how mentally tough you are up here your legs are gonna win the day I'm sorry it's just like this is biology this is anatomy this is how we are built like we can push hard and I think you need to set high high goals but that's different from being so like mentally geared up for a race that you think that you're gonna go out and do something that you haven't trained for again fitness does not lie okay strategy number one so those are kind of my rules that I've laid out for myself the three rules strategy number one so that you are mentally confident going into a peak race know thyself I've said this many times number one know thyself why I'm not gonna break I'm not gonna break 205 in a marathon I'm not built for that I'm not gonna break 13 30 in a 5k okay it's just it's it's beyond me so why set yourself up for disappointment by setting goals that are just ludicrous but but on the flip side I was a 1627 guy in high school for the 5k and I walked on to the CU cross-country team so it's a balance I'm not saying don't dream but know thyself how hard are you willing to work all right up here in your heart like are you willing to put in the work because that will give you the mental confidence to go out and achieve your goals and your dreams but one more example I just saw a documentary on marathon running and this lady it took her 18 marathons to qualify for the Boston marathon to get the BQ it took her 18 times so I'm not saying don't dream but just make sure your goals have a reality check okay oh man I could talk about that all night strategy number two for developing mental confidence all right what's the other option the other option for me is sitting on the couch who wants to sit on the couch now some people want to sit on the couch and play I don't know NBA 2k or FIFA or I don't know what get Fortnite is that a game these days like I don't do that but like some people enjoy that for me I would rather be out running okay and I'm sure many of you would as well so think about if you are having ziety approaching a peak race anxiety approaching a a big workout getting ready for a peak race like today like I was a smidge anxious I'll be totally transparent but then I was like as I was driving to the location I was just thinking to myself what's the other option the other option is to be sitting on my rump at the house and typing at the computer like of course I would much rather be challenging myself striving for this particular workout goal and hopefully building up my fitness for the peak race so again strategy number two think about the other option think about the flip side or if you've had injuries and you're sitting on your couch in a boot because you've got a stress fracture that's happened to me nine times in my life nine times I've sat on a couch with a boot on my foot because of stress fractures okay so I've been there I've lived it and I think if you are a person of good health when it comes to long distance running relish it just live in that goodness and enjoy it and put it put it toward more motivation for good solid training all right so that's strategy number two and now the third and final strategy for building up your mental confidence in long distance running here we go strength by inches now maybe you've heard death by inches that's a I've heard that in football but I prefer the other I prefer strength by inches that's right what's between our ears that's right our brain listen to this I had no clue I look this up today double-checked it here we go our brains our brains have a hundred trillion not billion a hundred trillion connections in our brains how crazy is that and we've got 87 billion cells in our brains what we call neurons 87 billion just like doing what they do up there talking creating memories creating emotions giving us our personalities and and yes giving us the free will and now listen some of my philosophy professors at the University of Colorado would argue that we don't have any free will I would go against that in my humble opinion it is our free will as long-distance runners to get out there and choose the suffering choose the workout choose for me the track remember I don't I don't really love going to the track so I have to use my will to say okay I know I need the track I need that speed work I'm going to the track today all right so anyway that is strategy number three strength by inches we do have the capability right up here to make the choice when it's dark and cold out when it's hot and it's coming here in the northern hemisphere it's gonna get hot out it's harder to run in the heat where we have to make the choice to say okay this is it if I don't do this workout if I don't hit these times I'm gonna have to run slower in my next race it's just that simple in my humble opinion again fitness does not lie so that is my strategy number three I always remember it's my choice it's my free will I'm out here inflicting pain upon myself and I've learned to enjoy that to embrace it and frankly to love it all right mental keyword is mental question of the day what is your biggest mental challenge when it comes to long-distance running and is it getting more difficult for you or are you overcoming it slowly so what that's it's a tough one you're gonna have to hit pause and think about it like okay yeah what is my mental challenge or maybe you have maybe you've overcome a mental challenge in and running through your own strategy so let us know down in the comments that would be amazing thank you for being here I know that was a lot and again like I'm not afraid to label these things mental toughness but I prefer mental confidence I just think it's a it's a nice way if you can be mentally confident it's I and it comes it comes it comes through work it comes through work that's it all right we will call it there seek beauty work hard and love each other thank you for being here I know that was a lot that was fun though I'm glad we could talk about that together I hope it helps just a little bit just a little bit


Team keep it clean. This is crazy man. This is crazy and I'm gonna tell y'all this story and then later on today We're gonna get back to our regularly scheduled programming, but I had to share this with y'all first But before we get into it look where people They they want to be mad they gonna find something to be mad about y'all know that like we know that on here Y'all know that already. That's just life in general. But anyway moving on Y'all remember the whole obviously this whole Darius sleigh thing It's been crazy and it's been a ride and Darius sleigh. He confirmed everything the other day via his podcast, but I Remember back when the rumor first came out. I did not remember who that the rumor came out from I don't remember who it was. I know it was an Eagles fan But when I looked at his profile like I don't know who that is I don't know his his credibility and whatnot. I just don't know But I did not remember who or what his name was because obviously we would have acknowledged it in the video We made it But that Eagles friend he was like, yeah, y'all know the story already He's like a Darius sleigh was very close real close to signing with the Ravens They had an offer for him and that's where he was gonna go. A lot of people didn't believe him. A lot of people say, oh, you're lying But obviously it came out and it was true. He was right. He was spot-on. He was factual factual all that stuff He was correct. So then Couple days ago On Twitter somebody started follow me Name Kindle Beck No, I was like, okay. Kindle back stuff. Okay, cool. It's a new follow. All right. Nice. So I went to his profile and I saw that he's an Eagles fan. Oh Okay, cool. Eagles fan following. Hey, this thing keep it clean. We welcome everybody. No problem But then I look to see me That name looks familiar. He looks awfully for me. So then I started I started doing a screening So I started going through his Twitter profile and stuff started seeing some of the replies and whatnot And then I saw the tweet. I saw the Darius sleigh to the Ravens tweet. I said, oh, it's him He's the guy that put it out there. That was him. It was Kindle back But then that's not even a crazy part y'all. That's not even a crazy part the name sounded very familiar and I was like Where do I know that name cuz this is not the first time I done heard that name before it's really not so I start thinking And I start wondering Then I was like Hold up Wait a minute Lamar is a quarterback. He's not a running back. I actually Watch his college film, bro. He's a quarterback. Don't play in there Carson Wentz 2019 Listen back in 2017 That clip was from the very first team keep it clean flag football game back in 2019 summer of And he had came through with my guy Mark cuz Mark He was a subscriber to the channel and that's one of my guys He's a Ravens fan, but he brought his friend and his friend was named Kendall Beck And he is an Eagles fan and he came three playing a lot of quarterback at the flag football game, but That was him. I'm like wow So I even I tweeted to him. I said hold up. I said is that you from the flag football game He said yeah, I was like That's crazy Crazy So it's like I just It's crazy man. So this thing that we organized back in again 2019 That was four years ago already well almost four years ago because it was in the summertime, but That's crazy, but he was he was there and he was a part of that and now like this dude is a part of Was was a part of a big story When it between the Ravens and the Eagles were derriously I Just thought that was like I just thought that was super cool Man and that that was just like when I found out that it was him like putting all the puzzle pieces. I'm like wow That's crazy, man Again, we live in a huge world a huge world But at the same time It's so small all at the same time, but I just I had to share that with y'all because that was just crazy Again, we're gonna go get back to our regularly scheduled programming Later on today, but I just had to let y'all know about that because that was that was special to me It did mean a lot But real quick before you get out of here I got to give a special shout out to the newest team keeping clean patrons My god John R and Mike F Appreciate the both of y'all becoming team keeping clean patrons If you any y'all would like to become a team keeping clean patron you can go to patreon.com slash and grave of isn't if you don't Want to we get it. It's okay. I still love y'all regardless Subscribe to the channel Because again, we got plenty more.   He said Lamar Jackson's a quarterback. He's not a running back because And that that shows you even back then Back then like the whole old Lamar just a running back stuff that had started way back then that wasn't anything new and He was letting you know before the rip before the season start. Hey Lamar's a quarterback You see just watch this college fit. So hey you heard it from him himself and as we see like he was credible back then in 2019 So that credibility and continued here in 2023 team keeping clean. I love y'all. I appreciate y'all We out


Being for the Democrats, we need to twist and meld and work. We are fighting against an enemy, the Republicans, with machine guns, and we can't bring a knife to it. Simply facts and the laws are not going to protect us right now. Welcome back. If it wasn't obvious before that all this impeachment nonsense is really just about avoiding a loss in 2020, Donny Deucebag just gave it away right there. It's really all about their fear that Trump is going to defeat Democrats in the upcoming election.  Here's a fact, the Democrats and their media have been pushing for impeachment from the very moment that Trump took office. Rumblings of the word impeachment. Breaking news. Another bombshell out of the White House. I believe this is the beginning of the end. I do too. It's really the beginning of the end. He may be feeling the walls closing in on him. All the walls closing in on him. The walls closing in on him. Breaking news, a new bombshell. One astrologer says this means the beginning of the end for President Donald Trump. Trump will resign. Trump is going to resign. Is this the tipping point? I know we've said it over and over. You think this is a tipping point? Over and over. This is a tipping point. Over and over. We'll get right back to this MSNBC meltdown, but first let me take a quick moment to thank this episode's sponsor, patrioticlegacy.com. Patrioticlegacy.com was nice enough to send me over one of these units so I could give you an honest review. I love this tactical flashlight. It's got everything you would ever need. Six overall lighting functions, escape features like the window hammer and the seatbelt cutter, solar charging so you don't need batteries, a power bank for charging your phone and other devices, and a removable compass with access to a personal safety alarm. Patrioticlegacy supports veterans and YouTubers like yours truly. So head on over there and make sure to use the promo code DRONE20 to get 20% off your purchase. Thank you. That tells me that he's broken no laws and the system is working as it's supposed to. Every single move that Trump makes is scrutinized and criticized. So if he had actually broken a law or done something that warranted impeachment, there would be conclusive proof of it. And for that matter, why would he do anything like that knowing that there's a giant microscope that's constantly on him? In regards to this most recent impeachment attempt, we actually have very little in the way of hard facts and lots of speculation. Look, even if he did what they said, we already know that the Obama administration did the exact same thing and even bragged about it. But they of course think that it's different when they do it and they're gonna enforce that double standard for it as long as they can. We need to twist and meld and work. We are fighting against an enemy, the Republicans, with machine guns and we can't bring a knife to it. And I'm not saying do anything dishonest, but- Did you catch that? The Republicans are the enemy and we, the media, have to fight them. Just imagine that Sean Hannity was speaking in these terms about Democrats. Helter Stelter would be on every single night for a week whining about violent right-wingers dividing the country and inciting hatred with extremist rhetoric. But no, there's none of that because MSNBC is their ideological partner. This isn't new territory for Douche either. He actually has a long history of predicting and encouraging uprisings. We are at war. It is time for the Democrats to wake up. We are playing against cheaters and liars or stealers. You own it. You own the blood that happens. And we should be very frightened. It's not just saying, you know, or authoritarian tendencies. I believe this man is capable of horrific, horrific deeds and I'm not saying specifically what that is. If he gets voted out of office, he will say it was fake. He will say that the polls were rigged. He will tell us people to take to the streets. Whatever in a move you think this guy is capable of doing to create a civil war, he will- I know that's- I'm not speaking hyperbole. It's clear that they don't have much confidence for 2020 and they're doing what they do best, fear-mongering. President clearly violated his oath of office and what he did, it was easily proven. It's been proven over the past several weeks. He committed bribery. He got caught red-handed. I think Democrats need to expand this. They need to bring in all of the high crimes and all of the misdemeanors that this president has committed and lay it bare not only for the American people now, but for history, for future generations. Wow, you would think that Joe Scarborough is an operative for the DNC.  Let's take a quick look at everything he just regurgitated. One, the president clearly violated his oath of office. How exactly did he do that? In all of your bloviating, you never specifically say. They never do. They're always as vague as they can possibly be. Two, it's been proven. It's been proven over the past several weeks. He committed bribery. If the investigations were a requirement for the aid, which we now know they never were, they got the aid and their javelin missiles. And we're going to call that bribery then wasn't it bribery when Biden withheld aid from Ukraine unless they fired the prosecutor that was investigating the corrupt energy company that Joe Biden's son was inexplicably working for. I know. I know. It's different when we do it. Three, I think Democrats need to expand this. They need to bring in all the high crimes and all the misdemeanors that this president has committed and lay it to bear not only for the American people, but for history, for future generations. Okay, if there really were all these high crimes and misdemeanors, why haven't they presented them yet? Why hasn't Joe Scarborough listed a single one in his rambling screed? Because this is all Kabuki theater with no real substance. And one of the things that I'm going to read you, this isn't from your book. This is actually from the New York Times and it's a piece called Donald Trump Meet Your Precursor. Most significantly, both men, this is Trump and Andrew Johnson, made an undisguised championship of white supremacy. You go, whenever I have a historian on, I like the historian to remind the country, these two parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, were exactly reversed at that time. Exactly. The Thai Slavery Party was very, very clear. That's what they stood for.  Yeah, after they were the conservative party, they were reversed, folks. Wrong. Isn't it interesting that these people who are clearly obsessed with skin color and race are constantly accusing their political opposition of being obsessed with skin color and race? As a former left winger, I can attest that what drove me away is this complete lack of self-awareness. As a right winger and Republican today, I still hold my beliefs that human beings are all pretty much the same and I don't discriminate based on skin color. All Joy Reid is really doing here is broadly generalizing and demonizing her political opposition because she lacks convincing arguments or good ideas. Another big lie that she perpetuated there is that Democrats and Republicans somehow flipped and now Republicans are pro-slavery and anti-civil rights. It's just not true. As Prager Yu pointed out, there's actually three myths surrounding this bogus claim. One, in order to be competitive in the South, Republicans started to pander to white racists in the 60s. The truth is, Republicans didn't need to become competitive in the South because they already were. Going all the way back to the 20s when Hubert Hoover won over 40% of the South's popular vote. In 52, Eisenhower won all the important Southern states and then again in 56. The important point here is that he actually won all these victories after he supported desegregation in schools. Can Joy Reid explain how that fits into her little conspiracy theory? How does supporting desegregation play to racists in the South? It doesn't make any sense. And in fact, Republicans didn't hold a majority of Southern congressional seats until 1994, long after the Civil Rights Act had passed. As Kevin Williamson of National Review points out, quote, If Southern Rednecks ditched the Democrats because of a civil rights law passed in 1964, it's strange that they waited until the late 80s and early 90s to do so. That's all I got for you today, folks. Please hit that like button, share, and subscribe. And while you're at it, go ahead and hit that notification bell so you can be alerted to all my new content. If you'd like to support this channel, you can do so on Patreon, subscribe star, or just send a donation on PayPal. You can find all the links in the description and the pinned comment. Thank you.


Tunibu in his Democracy Day speech says those who cannot accept defeat do not deserve the joy of victory. And tonight we discuss education financing as a tool in nation building. This is plus politics, I am messy eboko. President Bola Tunibu on Monday said those who cannot endure and accept the pain of defeat in elections do not deserve the joy of victory when it is their turn to triumph. Tunibu set these in an address to Nigerians while commemorating this year's Democracy Day. Now Tunibu defeated Atik Wababaka, Petalbi of the People's Democratic Party and Labour Party respectively. Many have understood the statement to be directed towards those who he defeated in the last election. So joining us to discuss these is Benga Uluru Kwame, a public relations consultant and APC member. And also we have Ambassador Ugaga Ogyene Ogyene O'Yole who is a member of the People's Democratic Party. Thank you so much gentlemen for joining us. Thank you for having me here. Alright then let me start with you, Ugaga Ogyene, I'd like you to, for the sake of recap or more like rephrasing that, let's quickly look at the thoughts. This particular quote is part of the speech of the President. He said the beauty of democracy is that those who win today can lose tomorrow and those who lose today can win tomorrow. And those who cannot endure and accept the pains of defeating an election today do not deserve the joy of victory tomorrow. How would you describe this quote or part of the speech by the President in comparison to the 2023 elections? Okay, thank you very much. So I would like to quickly say that coming from a President, it came with a mis-feeling because I think there should be a level of balance in why what he's saying is not so bad. Why what he has said is not so out of place. I think as a President he should be more interested in conversations or statements that will unite us as a people. But for me, I think that yes, why we need a democracy to grow, judiciary is part of the process that depends on democracy because if some persons feel that they are rigged out or that they were taken advantage of, they have every right to approach the court. That does not mean that they don't have the courage or strength to accept defeat. It's just to test the, you test the law, you test the law. A lot of people feel that they were robbed or they are not robbed. It is now for the law to decide. Where you can begin to make this statement is probably when the law has a position, the court has a position on an issue and you go on to say you want to form a parallel government or that. It's not out of place in a democracy. That is what I actually think. And I think the President should now focus on governance and begin to talk as a President of Nigeria and not a candidate of a political party. All right, Manga, some people believe that the last part of his speech or quotation was totally unnecessary, especially looking at our political climate. And I know that you're an APC member, but how would you describe the speech of the President? So I think it's a bit, St. Juniors, to look at just a section of what I consider our best speeches that are very delivered by anybody in the last few years on our political journey. It was a speech that was designed to take Nigerians back to understand exactly how precious this democracy that we have is. It took us on the money lane, the issues that had to do with the apported 1993 election that brought in the, that should have brought in, should have brought in this country. He mentioned that, look, this democracy costs Nigerians blood. It costs Nigerians sweat and that we should take it more seriously than we do because I think there's a generation of people who don't understand exactly how much this democracy costs. So it was a message not only to Nigerians of that era, but younger Nigerians who don't even know what this democracy costs. So, and that part where he was talking about people who don't, who don't, when he mentioned what you said, I think that if you look at that part in my exhibition, then you missed the entire essence of that speech. Because in the last speech was also the place where he said that when you don't agree with the result of an election or the process, there is provision for you to go to courts and to stick regions. You know, so it was a complete speech and it's like when you want to look at an entire meal of fish and you take it with you and say, oh, this fish is, doesn't take, it's nice because you only have the, the, the fame of the fish. And then you take that as, as, you know, as something of the whole. So, nature in those parts will not do justice. That, that speech was a complete one. It took us back into memory lane, showed us exactly what we can do if we get democracy right and put us in the picture for the future. So I think that looking at that portion of the speech alone will be disingenuous. And I think we should look at the entire speech. Okay, so we'll see how we're going to, we're going to, some people, like I rightly mentioned, believe that, you know, that part of the speech was totally unnecessary, especially when you look at our political climate, where you have those who actually contested for the elections, especially the presidential elections, another election still, you know, in court. And then, you know, that statement is being made. Do you agree with them that, you know, that that speech is, or was unnecessary? Or the particular part of that speech was unnecessary? Like I said earlier, the president is no longer a candidate of a political party. We are inherited a, a nation that is partly divided politically religiously and also on ethnic lines. And so a president should be wary of some kind of statements. We still have that election, the Nigerian citizenry has been contesting that outcome of that election. A lot of people feel it was massively reaped in the favor of the sitting president. Why I feel that everybody should approach the court or do a secret redress, rightly, the president should focus on statements that we united or statements that will not infuriate the people. On statements that will not make the people feel like they are stupid. This is not the first time he's making that kind of statement. During his acceptance speech, he said, you know, that some people are not happy now that he stands where they can't. We have Oga Gao, can I connect with us? But we still have Mr. Gbinga. Gbinga, if you can hear me. So. Very please. Do you think that if it were the reverse, because a lot of people are also saying that if the case was a different case entirely, let's assume that he was on the other side of the divide, where he had to go to court, do you think he would have accepted the outcome? I think what we're doing is we're trying to force a conversation where I don't think there's a competition to be had. This is the president who, from day one, has reached out to the other side. I just see that this man has met as many opposition leaders as he's met members of his party, since he became president. Every speech he has made has been one of unity. I even saw a video of a member of the local party, a then House of Representatives elect saying that he didn't know exactly how smart this man, he didn't know how smart this man was until he met him, and that it appealed to him, sense of empathy. So here we are trying to force a conversation about the question of this speech, when we should look at the entirety of this speech and the entirety of this domino and how he has carried on things in one direction. This was sworn in. This is a man who I believe is very prepared for the job. He signed three groundbreaking laws. He got into office and all these laws are not targeted at a particular party. They are all Nigerians. So again, you want to take a portion of the speech that is easy to misunderstand if you have tried to be mysterious. That's right. But I know that Nigerians are saying that, okay, we probably didn't know where this man was. We didn't understand this man until the beginning. But now there are many Nigerians coming to say, you know what? I think we got it right. I think we picked a person who is prepared, who understands the system, who understands where the truth pinches every Nigerian, and he has from day one been attacking these issues front and center. Many Nigerians support some of the things he has done. I mean, one of the most popular things he's done is the issue with the CBN governor, and he has brought support for that because Nigerians do exactly how much pain they were in when this man ran the show. So again, if we want to be nitpicking, that's why. But again, Nigerians should look out and look at the entire picture and see that in President Bola met somebody who is prepared for the job, who has said repeatedly that, don't pity me. Who is risking it or say, don't pity me because I act for this job. And I will deliver. He was talking to somebody who said, we might not be able to get it 100 percent, but guess what? We cannot go 90 percent. And there's the manifesto there for everybody to refer to at every point. Everything he has done has come from the manifesto that he presented. So for me, I think that he delivered a wonderful speech and whoever wants to pick a paragraph. Well, I think that you have said this a couple of times, but it would also be important to know that that's not the essence. This conversation is not about trying to criticise the speech of the president or look for faults, but we're looking at it in a holistic manner. And we're saying that it actually happened on democracy. And we understand the fact that, yes, at some point in 2018, the president had declared that June 12th become the election of the democracy day as to May 29. And that's very different. And we also understood what happened 1993, the MK Oabiola election, which some people think it was the most credible election so far in the history of Nigeria. And we can also not forget that. And so it's very important that the statement that the president made, let's not forget that he's the president now. And we haven't recovered from the previous statement that he made that has put the country. You remember, you know what I'm talking about. Subsidy is gone and everywhere went almost crazy. But again, that's why we're talking about this, because the speech of the president is very important. And all that he has said, if you look at it now... In what kind of action? In what kind of action? This man has demonstrated over and over. But I'd like to take you on. Because we're talking about democracy now. We're talking about the elections. He's talked about defeat and those who have failed or who have been defeated. And we know how up until this moment, you have people in court at the tribune now. Again, one of the tenets of democracy is that you have an independent judiciary. You have a transparent electoral process. So I bring it back to you again. Do you think that those parties that are involved have a right to go to court, you know, to approach the court and say, hey, we think that this election was not fair, was not free. The body who settled with the responsibility of conducting the election was not credible enough. Do you think that they should have set defeat? Do you think that they should pack their bags and baggages and walk away from this? Contesting the election? No. Look, again, we can't take these things in isolation, right? President Butler Metsunubu was the first person who stuck who pushed for forensic evidence in the case of AKT election, where he believed at the time that his friend, Pyame of AKT State, was cheated out of an election. And they went to court and they won. This same man helped to ensure that although we tripped his mandate, or should we strip his mandate, and that has been his way of doing things. He understands that courts are important. I believe what he was saying is that after we have gone to court and the courts have declared one way or the other, if you still insist that you are not accepting of the judgment or of the standing at the time, yes, that's what he was referring to. He wasn't saying that, oh, don't go to court. He is a beneficiary of many court judgments. So why would he say that he shouldn't go to court? So I think that's where I think we're getting it wrong. He has never said that don't go to court. Even in his speech, in this same speech he was discussing, he did say that the courts are there for redress. But he doesn't necessarily have to say that they shouldn't go to court. Okay, a few questions that I would like to ask, based on what you have said. The question is, if you say he was saying it based on the fact that if courts have decided that people, and people are seeing his insistence, have court decided, we are in the tribune. Has anybody gone to block the rules or is anybody shooting God anywhere that he should not perform his duties? He has been inaugurated. Are we still in court? Yes. Why would he allow the process to go to court?  You can also not take the whole and leave a portion. Every portion, every part of the speech, every part of the speech. And we are saying he's the president. He should begin to act like a president and not like a party man. He shouldn't be acting like we are acting like a country. The president has a country to govern. He has people to manage. First, you cannot make progress. You don't have to be. And then we are in court. People are in court thinking we are in court. And you are making a statement about people who can have step defeats. Accepting defeat comes with conviction. And the people convince that they lost. They are in court. If they don't believe in the court, if they don't believe in Nigeria, if they don't want to accept defeat, they won't approach the court. The lawyer has to go there and defend his mandate. So I think that we need to have like a smooth conversation here. Before being defined, how to do with the judiciary. And he mentioned that the reforms are only just started because he doesn't want these issues where courts are giving judgements that are truncating democracy. So really, again, I think we are not speaking here. Iman has led from the very first day. And he has said it in that same speech that, look, you, when you don't feel cheated or you feel agreed, go to court. I think we will let's share the thoughts of Ogane now. Ogane, Menga, we'll come back to you quickly as we cross this conversation down. Let's just take a breather and allow Ogane to come in. Can you hear me? So what do you think this means for those who are in court in the tribunal, the president in his speech? He really didn't have to say directly that you shouldn't go to court, but he's saying, speaking in parables. And of course, you understand what that means. So what does this mean for those parties that are already in court or those people who are challenging the outcome of the 2023 elections? I think the president have been acting like a principal who is trying to whip his students into shape. You can, you, first issue, show respect to the people who contested with him. It shouldn't look like those people doesn't have the right to contest in the first place or to contest the outcome of the election. We all have evidences. Everybody, no Nigerian can come out and say, oh, we are completely satisfied with the process of elections. And people are in court. As a president, you should allow the process run. Let it not look like you are bullying everybody even in the court, to have it your way. You should, as a president, as a statement, if you had come out to say, oh, my colleagues are already, the people who contested with me are already in court, please let us allow the process and be peaceful, allow the court to determine the facts in this issue and make their verdict. And until then, I'm going to encourage my opponent to join us in the building of Nigeria. That would have been a better statement to make as a president. Not that you are saying those, you are beginning to make it look like a mockery, those who does not believe in, we have not gotten to a point where we can now say people have refused to accept defeat or not. Elections take processes. We have the pre-election issues. We have the elections proper. And we have a post-election issue. The election can completely draw to a close when all issues are surrounding the election have been resolved. And we are still in the process of resolving this issue. The question is, are they going about illegally? Yes. They have approached the tribunal. The case is ongoing. Are you going to now prejudice the court? No.  Can you talk about this for one minute? No. Please, when you were talking about Nigeria, can we have a conversation? You can't be repeating about one paragraph. Only one statement from the president is enough to set this country free. And please, don't forget that it was just one statement that you made to write to 500 and something nearer. Just one statement in immigration. Oh, wow. Manga, we have to go. Gentlemen, at this point we have to... No, I am not... We have to go, gentlemen. Thank you so much for being part of the show. At a matter of fact, I support the removal of subsidy, but I want to also let you know that it was... Manga, or Lerukwemi, we have to go now. Manga, or Lerukwemi, we have to go now. And because his word carries power as president, we have to go. Gentlemen, thank you so much. At this point, we'll probably have this conversation some other time. Thank you very much. But of course, democracy, Nigeria belongs to all of us and we must ensure that, you know, the country becomes a country that we're proud of. Thank you so much, Mr. Manga or Lerukwemi, Public Relations Consultant, a member of the APC, and Ambassador Ugarga Organa Yole. Thank you so much, a member of the PDP as well for being part of the show. We'll take a short break and when we return we'll be discussing education, financing in Nigeria. Please stay with us.


Dobri. We are discussing the new publication and we are launching it now. The regulatory framework for agricultural data in the nearest North Africa region. I'm having a discussion with the author of this report and basically just to settle to the scene why we commissioned this publication ta nečo, da je začna, da digitalna hrarnoska je nečaj z prurjija, je in v transformaciju agrifudienja, in po tej vse vljiči tudi je tudi izmačana rullja, zato je tudi začna, da je posobauti vemi regulmanske vzve tako, da je tako, da injem začnjaj začnjenje digitalna hrlevantopolitika kako je zelo vzbazati s vzelim z polača po vzelti, v kraju, v Norskja Afrika na vzile in tako, zelo tudi možem vzela, da zelo v tem izgledo in nekaj izgledo in nekaj izgledo in nekaj nekaj izgledo in nekaj izgledo in nekaj izgledo in nekaj izgledo.  Graj. Vseh zelo skupamo to z njega izgledanja in skupam poslednost iz glasba nekaj primer, če se je veliko svoren, je lepo, da imá namočniku v nekriko jugu in skupu skupov, zato se predpovednijo prezime in jet bona. Selo možno lahko se načali, da je tudi plernje protakcija na NATO, after land, labor, and capital. It is really important and it is of critical importance to have a proper comprehensive regulatory framework for the governance of agriculture data. And you know the importance is felt when you see a lot of innovation and technological development. And once there is a development of technology, you need to have a better governance system. In order to have a governance system, you need to have a regulation first in place for the policy makers to have a proper governance system in place. So the issues that we have highlighted in the research studies includes ownership of data, who would be the owner of the data, the farmer, the technology provider or the end user, then how the value of the data will be distributed amongst the different stakeholders, then what would be the liability mechanism. These are some of the issues, governance issues that we have highlighted in the research study. And we have come across different examples of regulatory frameworks in place in the Nina region already. But unfortunately they are not very robust and what we have observed that they lack governance framework. Even we have seen a lot of international, you know, the frameworks on agriculture data. And we have observed that there are even those international frameworks are deficient in certain areas. So collectively what actually is the recommendation or the major recommendation I would say in this research study is that if there is a harmonization of regulations for agriculture data within the Nina region, that would be something really great, which Nina region could achieve. And in order to get that achievement, I think there is a lot of consultation required in the Nina region, the policy makers, they have to sit together and they have to try to spend time in drafting of a policies which can work along in all the Nina regions together in a harmonized way. Thank you so much. I think that gives an excellent overview of this publication. Maybe I would add as well some other aspects on which we were focusing in this publication, which is that when the value is created via the agricultural data that is coming from farmers, if that data is created how it can be distributed in a fair, just manner along the value chain and especially focusing on the interest of smallholder farmers. So I think that is another important finding of the report as well, besides of course the need of harmonization of regulatory frameworks and to find out such solutions that in which really data can be a driver of transformation and in which in this transformation the interest of smallholder farmers are taken into account as well. So I think the publication is excellent from this point of view as well. And if you remember, you have reviewed the publication as well, the draft, the bottom line or I would say the take away is the regulations should be harmonized, should be developed and created in a manner that they should not curtail the speed of innovation and at the same time they should take care of the rights and obligations of these stakeholders. So there should be a balance between the development of the regulations and keeping in view the speed of technology growing very fast. Thank you so much for this additional explanation and then you can find the publication on the FAO website of the regional office for Near East and North Africa so it's exciting, excellent reading so I would encourage you to read it, download it. Thank you so much for doing the report. Thank you so much.


Cheers. Oh, cool. Yeah, thanks for coming, everyone. So before we start, I've got a lead with a bit of a warning. I'm going to be talking about game design and game mechanics and a competitive online professional tournament gaming. But I'm not a professional online tournament gamer or a professional game designer or anything like that. I write software. I have done some game design and some gaming tournaments and stuff. But again, it's always like a kind of obsessive amateur level, right? Like kind of everyone else at EMF. And so I try my best here to like gather as much like genuine scientific research as I can. But a fair chunk of this is like kind of my reason conjecture as someone who's played a lot of games. All right, so first, I've kind of got a point out that all trolling is necessarily bad. So by definition, all trolling does wind someone up. But it's hopefully kind of, it can be constructive or funny or at least memorable. And so you get the picture. I kind of broadly dropped these into two categories, the first of which I really don't have a problem with. So this is an example of something in the first category. So this was a Boston World Warcraft. He used to hang out in the world and big, big organized groups of like 40 people would try to team up and kill him.  So yeah, gamers being gamers and being trolls, they walked him halfway across the world and dumped him in the other factions' capital city, where he just murdered literally everyone. All those corpses are player corpses. They're not sprites or anything like that. And if you search online, you'll find loads and loads of examples of these. They're great. And I think it's all online. You'd find teams of people who'd walk around and they'd find someone who'd gone to answer the door or make a cup of tea in their AFK. And while these people were AFK, they'd quickly build eight chairs, one for each pile around the person, because you can't move through chairs. And these people were then just stuck there until they got a mod to bump them a few taxes to the right or like switch server or something. And so these are obviously kind of trolling or griefing, but I think they're also pretty good. They're clever. They're memorable. They're funny. And they force developers to think more carefully about the games they're making, because then they know that if something can be exploited, then it obviously will. But then there's this dude. And this dude I really do have a problem with. And having been growing up around and having been exposed to the internet for a long time, I think probably everyone here has seen examples of this guy. But in case you haven't, in a kind of horrifying blue Peter fashion, I've got a bunch for you. These are real chat logs taken from League of Legends. It's like online tribunal system, which is like a community court. And I've got to put a warning, because the first one of these, at least, is really, really not kid-friendly. It's totally rude.  OK, cool. So yeah, so as I was saying, there's people who are just straight up offensive.  And then the one I particularly like, hey, they're kind of really, really awful human beings.  OK, so to us kind of people who are used to this, and once they're out of the context of the game, I find those kind of funny. There's a whole website devoted to these things. And the problem is there's people, a lot of people, who haven't grown up around the internet, haven't grown up playing games, don't have the ridiculously thick skin that a lot of gamers have. And those people are genuinely put off by this. Just one instance of this, let alone a 45 minute game of people just targeting them specifically and just not letting up. And that's not cool. Even the people who do have a thick skin, I don't know anyone who doesn't get tilted by someone just flaming them. So at the very, very least all you're doing is just putting off someone in your team and then making them perform worse.  There's muting features in the game.   You're probably going to lose a round.  So yeah, that's a bit rubbish, really. I just want to walk towards a culture and a culture in gaming where everyone who wants to play and wants to compete is made to feel welcomed. But yeah, there still really isn't the case. People are quite homophobic, and they're really, really, really sexist and misogynistic. I don't know any women who play online computer games to use their microphone ever unless they're just playing with me or my friends. That's not cool. People should be able to compete and play at the same level as everyone else. And so I think this is also particularly important because online games, particularly, are a relatively new thing. And they're kind of these semi-anonymous spaces where you can play and compete and talk and hang out with your friends. But this never has to be tied back to your actual real identity. And I think for some people, particularly people who, perhaps, don't engage with traditional forms of competition like sport, maybe because they're not able-bodied or they're really socially anxious, then that's really, really helpful for them. And the more we can do to enable that, the better, really. OK, so that was a motivation for if you're an empathetic human being.  What if you're Ubisoft? So there's a bunch of guys at Group Lens, which is this really cool research institute at the University of Minnesota. They scored loads of League of Legends players with respect to how toxic they are. And then they found that people who were new to League of Legends who were playing it for the first few times are like they hadn't got to level 30, whatever that means, I don't play League of Legends. If they played with people who were toxic, then they were far, far more likely to either stop playing the game entirely or to take an extended break. And so that's quite a result, right? That's saying that people who don't play games or at least don't play League of Legends are significantly part of playing more League of Legends if people are douches. And yeah, this effect kind of tails off as people get more, as people play more, sorry. And so the point of this kind of is that if your community is not garbage, then you're gonna have more players. And if you have more players, you're gonna have a stronger player base. If you have a stronger player base, you're gonna continue to sell your game. So you are financially invested in building a good community. Okay, so that was the kind of old model of video gaming, but the free-to-play thing is really big now. And so people apply the same arguments because free-to-play retention is even more important than it is when you're not free-to-play, right? Because when you're not free-to-play, you've made a whole load of money by selling the game in the first place. But if you are free-to-play, then you've got to keep people for longer because the longer you keep someone, the more hats you can sell them. So whichever way you put it, you are invested in building a good community for your game. And so the League of Legends guys, as I said, like they're in the hat business. And so they devoted a whole team to doing actual science, yeah, because it's really big money to them. If they can keep their players playing longer, then they're gonna make more money. So one of the first things that this team did was they assigned, so they've got loads of game data, right? There's millions of League of Legends played, games played every day. So they assign a toxicity index to every player by manually classifying thousands of chat logs. And as people who play games, and all these guys played loads of games, you might expect that there's gonna be some really, well, some fairly small minority of really, really toxic people, and they're consistently toxic. And then everyone else who plays was either kind of neutral or positive, right? But mostly neutral. Most people think, I'm nice. But actually it turns out that's totally not true. There is a small community or a small minority of toxic people, but actually it's a really, really small minority. And so this minority is also more aggressively toxic as well as more frequently toxic. But it turns out the vast majority of toxic behavior in toxic games turns from normal people who just had a bad day. They've had an argument with their girlfriend or boyfriend or they've been shouted at by their boss at work and they get home and they're really frustrated and then they start playing the game. And then the mechanics of the game interacting in such a way that it winds them up even more and then something happens, like they die or their teammate dies and then they go totally nuts. And to the other people in the game who don't know this person, they just think, oh, that's that normal like half a percent of really toxic people, there's nothing I can do about it. But to the perspective of the guy who's raging, he's not normally like this. This is just a bad day. And so this kind of brings us to this weird kind of place where like we know that the vast majority of toxic behavior is just normal individuals, but we also know that all gaming communities are not equal, right? Some are more toxic, some are less toxic, like some are really nice. And so we kind of like want to investigate why that happens. And here I'd be interested to see how much people agree with us, but I've ranked from left to right, like how miserable these games are to play with regards to like their communities. If anyone's played Heroes of New Earth, yeah, you know. I'm sorry for everything, that game like puts upon people. So yeah, so like why? This is kind of interesting, right? Why does this happen? Well, the first thing people think is like, oh, maybe there's selection bias.  But that sounds accurate and I think it probably is accurate to some extent, but it's certainly not the whole picture because like loads and loads and loads of people play like Dota and loads and loads and loads of people play Rocket League and Rocket League has a fairly good community and Dota has a really toxic community, but a lot of the people who play Dota also play Rocket League. So like how does it work? How does one game like make them more angry than the other game? And so it kind of turns out that what actually happens is when you have frustrated players who have had something go wrong at your work or whatever and then you put them in an inherently frustrating game, then it just goes really bad. And if you can make your game less inherently frustrating then everything's gonna be awesome, hopefully. So I wondered why this was and I wondered why Dota was a lot worse than say Rocket League. So I wanna do like a sort of mechanical analysis of Dota and why this game is more frustrating and like Dota likes a kind of a whole range of games. Heroes of New York, which was the most horrible game I put on there is basically Dota, but like we've added tools to wind people up if you don't like them, which yeah, it's insane. And so you find, well, I think at least, this results from a kind of like trifecta of really grim mechanics. So first off, you've got like a really, really huge snowball and like I'll explain what these mean in more detail in a minute. And you've got a really, really huge snowball effect. You've got really like unintuitive mechanics that don't make sense unless you know a lot about Dota. And then you've got like a huge, really massive, insane knowledge burden before you can even start playing at any reasonable level. So this is a snowball. Like almost all games have a form of snowball mechanics. And what a snowball mechanic means is that like when you're ahead, it's easier to get more ahead. It's the opposite of a catch-up mechanic. And like different games do this in different ways. Like in Counter Strike, there's the economy system.  But the implementation of Dota's snowball mechanics specifically means that if one guy is really sucking, then it's better for you as a team to play 4v5 than it is to keep playing with him. Because by his sucking, he will be like actively feeding gold to the other team and making them loads better.  Like he's not gonna be shooting you. He's just not gonna be doing any work. So it's gonna be better to play 5v5 on the off chance that he kills someone. Whereas in Dota, it's really not. Like if a guy is really bad, the other team will just get way, way better. And so this means that flaming someone until they leave is your best chance of winning. So yeah, that's snowball.  Those of you who do will probably think, oh, that makes sense. Those of you that don't will be like what? So originally, Dota was a Warcraft 3 mod running on the Warcraft 3 engine. And like Warcraft 3 is an RTS that really wasn't designed for like competitive 10 player tower defense with hundreds of different characters. So lots of like really kind of weird side effects of the engine become baked in as mechanics because you can't get rid of them if you don't have control over the engine, which is what the Dota guys had. But over time, people become attached to these mechanics and they think they're good mechanics because they've grown up with them and they're used to them and they make them win over people who don't know about them. So with that in mind, this mechanic is called denying, right?    What? You're gonna get really, really behind and of course like the tutorial doesn't tell you this because it's insane. Yes, so that's denying. Like I was gonna go into the specifics of why it happens but probably no one cares. So we've got the knowledge burden next, right? So this is a screenshot of the Dota 2 hero selection screen. There's 111 different heroes which each have at least four abilities. So that's roughly 444 different abilities in the game. They're multi-dimensional. So an ability might be like, oh it does some damage and like applies as slow for three seconds. If you want to play Dota in any way competitively, like not even professional level, just like low level tournaments or even like mid to high level matchmaking, it's just kind of gonna be assumed that you know every single one of these. What all of them do?  It's ridiculous. So just in case that wasn't enough, there's also 148 different items. They all do different things. Some of them do different things on different characters or different things with different abilities on different characters which means that there's like actually just thousands like tens of thousands of insane edge cases like interactions between different heroes and different items. So sooner or later, you're gonna get killed by out of like nowhere by an interaction that makes literally no sense.  So you're gonna be like this and then the dude on your team who's now really far behind because of a snowball mechanic, gonna be like this. Okay, so I just like kind of torn into Dota for the last 10 minutes but actually I kind of like Dota some of the time and like you might be thinking okay, so this game sounds really bad. It sounds insane. There's so much stuff that we need to know and the people are always really angry but actually like people still play this game despite all of the ridiculous stuff I've just mentioned because at the same time like the stuff it's really, really miserable and makes no sense to lose to. It feels awesome when you muster it.  So if you graph people's like frustration and enjoyment of Dota games over time and then you find that it's really, really spiky. Like you get these peaks where people love Dota because they're winning and they're winning because they know all of these insane awesome things and they're playing really well. But when they're losing, they're losing because they're losing to really insane things that they don't know about and it sucks and they've just got to like learn more and play more and it's really frustrating. And so this really spiky graph creates this kind of attitude where people in Dota really, really, really hate losing. Like losing is kind of a meme unto itself of how like unfun it is. And when people really, really hate losing they're gonna get more toxic about it because when they think they're losing and they think they're tied into like a 40 minute game but they're inevitably going to lose like no one likes that. Okay, so we're all hypothetically game designers, right? What can we do about it? Well, think about your design decisions really, really carefully. So like do you allow for fitting? Well, if you allow for fitting in a game like Dota then it means it's potentially gonna reduce its toxicity because the people who are getting really mad about being locked into like a 40 plus minute game, if everyone on the team agrees that this game is lost we can just forfeit, then they're gonna be less mad because they know they can always just bail out of it if they have to. But at the same time, like that's gonna potentially reduce the competitive like skill threshold of your game because if people are just like ducking out of all of the games that they think they're losing then they're never gonna like work out how to come back effectively. So in all of these you've got trade offs, like do you allow players to kick people on their other team? Well, this can stop griefing if someone's like team killing or like actively harming your team or it's just being really, really toxic like maybe you do just wanna get rid of them and that's great. But far more often than that case is the case where like someone gives up first blood or someone dies in a stupid way and some toxic guy on the team is immediately like kick him because he made one mistake and now we're really, really far behind. So yeah, again, it's a trade off. Do you allow cross team chat? Like can one team talk to the other team? It can reduce toxicity because other like people like to flame each other when they're winning and when the other team is sucking. But this like increased toxicity if you do disable cross team chat to get rid of it then your community is gonna take a hit because if you've got a good community where people like like to play games and like to talk to each other and stuff then they're not gonna have that positive interaction that they would otherwise. So this is kind of if you've already got a bad community then you might wanna do this to make it less bad but if you've got a good community then hopefully you don't need it. Yeah, and finally like what about voice chat? So most games do have voice chat enabled like there's a notable couple that don't. Again, interestingly like enabling voice chat can reduce toxicity because when you hear someone talking over the mic then you're like oh that's a natural person now I have some empathy they're not just like a faceless avatar behind a mystery keyboard somewhere. But also like it's harder to moderate verbal abuse reports if that's the thing that you do and also it does open up like more grieving opportunities like in kind of like the dude that just plays music down his microphone for the whole game. Again, like there's no easy answer to this and you just have to think about them carefully and how they fit into your picture like of your game as a whole. Okay, so I'm going back to League of Legends and again this is data from the dudes that did that study is a really, really awesome study like if you're interested in this go and watch the video. This is the only one for which I actually have any data or evidence but so these guys tried a bunch of really interesting things to see if they could reduce or improve their community. And so the first one that they did was with they set cross-team chat so being able to talk to the other team or not as a like an opt-in. And that like drastically reduced toxicity across a whole load of categories because now like the only people that wanted to like were interested in talking to each other were the people who'd explicitly said yeah let's talk to the other team. There wasn't like an overall decrease or I think it's like 2% or something I can't see from here but there wasn't a drastic overall decrease in total chat it was just the chat that was there was a lot better. And then the other thing they did was they added like sort of gameplay hints to the loading screen and things like that. And again like these improved the quality of the game significantly. Okay, again now these next two are kind of my conjecture about why I think these are good things. And so in Rocket League, those of you who don't know Rocket League is like a really kind of frantic game that's played with a controller. And in it the devs implemented this quick chat system and loads of games who have done quick chat systems like but they're all or they're mostly informational. And Sinox did things a bit differently so they made over half of them either apologies or compliments. And that does two really awesome things. So the first is that like because people are generally quite lazy and because the game mechanics aren't inherently as frustrating they're less frustrated by the game. And so it's much easier for them when someone messes up to be like, oh no problem on the quick chat. And then it is to like pull out the keyboard and start flaming someone. And the second thing it does that's really awesome is that it lets people like sarcastically troll each other in the way that like you probably would when you're playing with one of your friends.  And this only becomes really obnoxious like when people start spamming it because before people start spamming it it's just kind of assumed, oh like they're just having a laugh. But yeah, so it's only obnoxious when they're spam and there's spam blockers in Rocket League. So if you say quick chat more than like four times in I don't know, 10 seconds or something then you're not allowed to say anything again for like the next minute. And like by and large the Rocket League community is really good. And I think this is a significant part of the reason why. And it seems small, but like if you play the game and you experience this, you'll be like oh this is actually really, this is really friendly. Everyone's just like chatting to each other through this system. And so next I wanna talk about Overwatch which it came out really recently and as part of their build up to releasing the game the devs made a whole bunch of like really interesting videos talking about like all the work they put into reducing toxicity and improving like the game feel for different people. And so the main thing that they did because this is a class based game is that like even though like Dodo and League of Legends and Team Fortress say are all class based games they're really lazy with their scoring systems.  Like okay if you're playing a role where your role is to kill loads of people then yeah that means you're probably not doing too well. But if you're playing a support role like you're a healer or I don't know like a guy who gives shields to people or something then like that stat is kind of meaningless but it gives people an excuse to flame you because they look at the stats and they're like oh we're losing.   So what Overwatch did was they worked out metrics that are actually helpful and like actually represent how well you're playing your role and then they highlighted them. So during the game if you're playing really well according to your role then it'll be like oh you're on fire you're doing really well and like everyone on your team and the other team can see that. And that has no actual like mechanical impact on the game it doesn't make you faster it doesn't make you stronger it doesn't do anything. It just shows to everyone else that you're playing really well. And again like it's kind of positive feedback here for you you're like yeah this is awesome. And the other thing they did was post game they display these four like little scorecards of four people who they think played particularly well or played their roles particularly well and you can commend them and like if you commend people then you're more likely to play more games with them in the future and the more commends you get like the nicer you are rated as a person. And again like these are really small things but the Overwatch community is also really really good so like they must be doing something right. It's difficult to say like how much of an interaction it is between the game mechanics and how much it is like kind of UI stuff like this or UX stuff like this. Obviously it's an interplay between the two but it's like I'm just highlighting them anyway. Okay so that was kind of really whistle stop tour. I wanted to talk about like well building a good community is important both financially and for the community is large. I did want to talk about games. Here is a new but purposefully foster a really grim community but yeah I didn't really have time. And so if you are interested in talking about that then like I'm going to be outside after the next talk because I want to watch the next talk. So just like find me then and we can talk about it and it'll be awesome. Thanks these are my references. If you're interested in them I can give them to you. The slides will be on to where or something. Cool. I don't know if we've got time for questions. Oh I've got some. Awesome. Go for it. Is there anyone? Oh yeah we've got questions here we go. I haven't played many games but a couple of games I've been involved in like Glitch. The reason why the community was so strong was because the developers were an active part of the forum. So relationships got formed and it was interesting how that pretty quickly stamped on any behaviour but became a collaborative endeavour. Yeah. Okay so I think the point there was that there's a game I'm afraid I didn't catch the name of it that has a really really strong community resulting from the developers like playing a big hand in like kind of nurturing that community and like hanging out on Reddit and the forums and things like that. And yeah like that's I think that's a really important thing as well like the game I mentioned earlier and Rocket League but even though that's a massively popular game the developers for that are known to hang out on like the Rocket League Reddit and they talk to people and they take community suggestions and yeah that's like that's a really positive thing both for like fostering the or like supporting the studio as well as kind of pushing back back to the player base yeah. Thanks. Is there a possibility that in games it's not just the gameplay but also the kind of feel of the game that is kind of affecting the community as well because like in things like overwatching and stuff it's all very stylised and like you see loads of like pictures on the internet even if you're not looking for overwatch you'll come across people playing it and drawing about it and talking about it and things like Splatoon for the Nintendo Wii U did quite well and seemed to have a good community because it was encouraging people to draw things so do you think that's another route to improve this? Yeah so the question was like do I think that games that have I guess interesting or like kind of more stylised aesthetics and like the look and feel of the game rather than the mechanical gameplay does that in and of itself like also foster a good community and why? And yeah I think that's like that certainly could well be true like Call of Duty and Halo Xbox Kids are a meme for a reason right? So yeah certainly I think like if you can take people out of like this grim gritty reality that they live in then yeah that probably like does make them feel more inclined to be nice than each other because the real world sucks and yeah everything should be bright and colourful that would be sweet Yeah thank you Sorry I can't quite hear you Sorry does this work? I grew up on subscription based games and found that the abuse in those was a lot less and it was almost as if players had a vested interest to behave and certainly I noticed when Dota came in in the free-to-play model that there was almost this you know there wasn't any concern from a player because you could go in cause absolute mayhem and if you got banned you could just go and create another count do you find that there is a more sort of toxicity for free-to-play games versus subscription based? Yeah so the question was do we find that there's more toxicity in free-to-play games because there's no barrier obviously no monetary barrier to entry than there is in like subscription games and yeah I hadn't actually thought of that that's probably a fairly interesting point I think that like yes is kind of my short answer but because you see this is reflected in the real world as well like outside of just games so like forums that anyone can hang out and talk on that you know you don't have to know people to get in or you don't have to pay money to get in or whatever they just get more toxic like YouTube comments yeah anywhere like where there's no kind of strong sense of community I think is likely to be more toxic and yeah I think adding a barrier to entry does mean that you're more likely to have a strong sense of community because by definition there will probably be less people involved in it whether or not the act of like actually handing money over to someone gets you more invested in making something nice for you and the people around you I couldn't say I think it's probably true but yeah I don't know thanks I'm afraid we don't have time for any more questions right now but the next session is also on computer games so if you're into computer games hang around for a conference session so yeah last thing to say thank you very much for talking to us thank you