Thank you very much, Don, it's a pleasure to be here and again I have to thank Julio for inviting me to what's been a fantastic meeting and also to take part. So I had to talk to you this morning about brain changes in schizophrenia and that includes some of the neuro pathology and some of the more recent gene expression work we've been doing. So I just want to remind you that schizophrenia is a brain disease. I think we kind of lost sight of this especially in the middle of the 20th century and that schizophrenia or psychosis is a brain disease. So I'm going to talk a little bit about the brain changes at the microscopic level. Then I'm going to introduce you to some of the work we've done on some more rather simple genomics on both the brain and the blood. How we came across a very strange protein called selenium binding protein. I think the theme of ubiquitination and ubiquitin processing is emerging throughout this talk. Then at some time I shall include some work we did on methamphetamine which was a very popular pastime in San Diego where I spent six years and was associated with psychosis. So I really think there's an urgent need to clarify that pathology underlies schizophrenia and psychosis and to me psychosis is a bit like a cough or shortness of breath or from the discussion I had this morning with Jyn and Michael and Malcolm that maybe it's a sore or inflated knee. But it's a symptom and if you went to your GP complaining of shortness of breath or a cough they'd find out what the cause is. They do various tests and tell you where you've got a chest infection, congestive cardiac failure or a tumour. We're nowhere near that level of sophistication. We're still trying to sort out what the cough is and that's a real pity and it's a limitation to our progress. If I was going to speak to you about Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, which Colin is going to have to, it would be a much more elegant talk. I'd be talking about numerous brain collections, collections large enough to have subsamples, subgroups and a really detailed advance in our understanding of the pathology including the mechanistic role of amyloid deposition, fetum gamma secretase, APP cleavage, hyperphosphorylation of tau, all these mechanisms being identified and leading to novel treatments. We're nowhere near that. So all I can offer you is this. So I think it's fair to say that at the beginning of the 21st century it was a place with schizophrenia or psychosis to say that three groups of brain changes were identified. There's a classic definition by neurochemical abnormalities affecting the dopamine pathway, glutamate and GABA. There's also very subtle but robust anatomical changes and these include subtle losses of GABAerogic interneurums. The most robust changes are the loss of markers of dendrites and synapses. One mark of dendrites is a protein called MAP2, microtubule associated 2, which has been shown to be significantly affected in the brains and schizophrenia, including in its rates of phosphorylation. I have appeared to microphotographs of nonphosphorylated MAP2 and phosphorylated MAP2 and the ratio of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated affects the stability of the cytoskeleton. Unless you have this sort of raft of trophic signalling developmental pathways that have also been implicated including the regelin, RSG4, DLX and then a pathway we've been interested in which is the wind pathway in GSK3 beta. I'm just going to talk about this as an example. The wind pathway I think is important because it goes from birth to death. It's very important during the development of the brain. It's one of the key switches that determines whether a cell is going to become a neuron or not. Then it remains active in the idle brain in that controls the stability of the cytoskeleton, MAP2, dendrites and synaptic proteins. Both of these markers have been shown to be abnormal in schizophrenia. Then, as you age, it becomes important in neurogenital diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The kinase which is right to the centre of this pathway, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, is central to mediating insulin signalling. Sometimes it takes me back to the old insulin coma therapy because insulin certainly would have activated GSK3 beta. This is the pathway where you get a wind signal interacting with a frizzled receptor. All these funny names come from mutated mice that, if the receptor was knocked out, they looked frizzled, or if the protein below knocked out, they looked dishelled. In the centre of this complex of GSK3 beta, you have a complex of proteins that, if this complex falls apart, the proteins are sent for degradation by the ubiquitin protozone system. I'll come back to the UPS system a bit later on. It's a pathway which is important to development, important to maintaining the active brain and goes awry in neurodegeneration. We actually showed in the lab a number of years ago that there was a reduction in the expression of GSK3 beta in the brains in schizophrenia. We couldn't find any changes in another protein in the pathway called beta-cutin or in disheveled. But ours and other groups have actually shown there are significant abnormalities at lots of different stages in this pathway. There's been reported an overexpression of the ligand wind, no change in its receptor or the downstream modulator protein. GSK3 beta is decreased in its staining. Also, other proteins in that complex of beta-cutin and an APC are decreased. There are accompanying alterations in the stability and expression of MAP2 as a mark of dendritic stability and the downstream synaptic proteins. This may well be one of the pathways which is awry in schizophrenia. Identifying these abnormalities may in the future identify novel targets for therapy. We were trying to work out where to go before I do that. Other groups have shown that if you decrease GSK3 beta you actually get synaptic dendritic changes. Often there is a decrease in the expression of these consistent to what we find in schizophrenia. Interesting, some of the stimulants and drugs of abuse such as amphetamine, LSD and PCP also inhibit GSK3 beta activity. Work on enriched environments and rodents has shown that this increases the ligand for GSK3 beta the wind. There is also GSK3 beta activity increases. It may be that dysregulation of this kinase, this pathway may play a part in the development of psychotic symptoms. We were trying to work out where to go with this data and we thought we would try to exploit the emerging technologies of the genomics. By that time I was working at UCSD with colleagues Ming Swong and Steve Glatt. Our discussions moved from the central idea looking at the gene expression to seeing if we could compare gene expression into compartments. We were trying to look at both mechanism and potential biomarkers. We actually put the studies together looking at the gene expression from brain tissue from the Harvard brain bank. We found some benefits made available to us. This was 19 schizophrenic patients and 27 non-psychiatric controls which were fairly well matched in terms of various variables such as gender, age, etc. Coming from Taiwan we had a sample of Taiwanese blood. We were a little concerned because ethnically they were quite different but again they were a fairly matched group. We wanted to see what would happen to gene expression in the blood and the brain in individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. This is the typical way in which we actually carried out the expression obtaining the blood or the tissue extracting the RNA, producing a cDNA. Then we hybridised it to the U133 plus 2, which provides probes of the entire human genome. Out of 39,000 genes we actually found six genes with the same accession number that were dysregulated in the two compartments. I thought we were going to be overwhelmed with data and it was quite nice to actually have six probes to go after. Of those six, only one was dysregulated in the same direction. That was this gene here, selenium binding protein, and it was upregulated in both the brain and the blood. I'd never heard of selenium binding protein while I assume it binds selenium, but I'm not quite sure what else it does. We'll come back to that in a minute. I wanted to make sure that this wasn't just a tight one error. We actually validated this finding in the blood using QRT-PCR, which again showed the gene expression was increased in the brain by using immunocytochemistry. This was the typical feature in a control brain. What you're getting is a little bit, you're getting some staining in the cytoplasm of glia. You can't see the nucleus of that glial cell, but you can for this one. Possibly some faint staining in the neuronal cytoplasm. By contrast, in the schizophrenia brains, there was much more marked deposition. Again, in the glial cell cytoplasm, there's the cytoplasm, there's the nucleus of the glial cell, and the same there. Again, the possibility of some neuronal cytoplasm staining. I tend to be a bit cynical about these findings, especially as psychiatry is littered with the publications of we found this and then somebody else found the opposite. We decided if we were going to have any kind of belief or attraction in this idea, we had to repeat it again. So, fortunately, there was a researcher from Osaka, Tetsukanasawa, who was working in the lab at the time, and we asked him to work on a completely different brain series. So, this time we got access to the Stanley tissue array collection of 35 patients of schizophrenia, 35 bipolar, and 35 match non-psychiatric controls. I wanted him to see if he could actually see if there's a difference in the gene expression, selenium binding protein in that group. Of interest, 20 of the bipolar's had documented psychosis. So, we didn't bother with the affy chips at that point. We went straight to real-time PCR. Again, what he found was there's a statistically significant increase in the mRNA levels in the psychotic group by about 12%. If we broke it down by diagnostic group, the increase was 11% in the schizophrenia group, 14% in the psychotic bipolar's, and the non-psychotic bipolar's were indistinguishable from the controls. So, again, this goes to my idea of a poor to talk about doing psychosis research rather than just schizophrenia research, because psychosis where it's in schizophrenia or bipolar's order seems to blur the boundaries. So, we were quite relieved that we were actually able to validate the finding. And then when I moved to Melbourne, Melbourne has a wonderful collection of psychiatric brains, and we recently repeated the study again there. And again, we found a significant increase in the gene expression of selenium binding protein in the schizophrenia compared to the control. That's the pre-value. So, we've got three findings from three different brain series giving us the same results. So, I was also looking through the literature, and a Sophia Barnes group actually published a paper a few years ago looking at, again, selenium binding protein in various compartments, and again reported that it was increased in the gene expression in the blood. And another group have actually looked at an organic selenium compound, which they found abolished the apomorphine-induced stereotype in a mouse, which I'm not familiar with this model. They say is a model of psychosis. I'll take your word on that. But again, I thought it was just intriguing findings. Looking at SNPs, and we heard a lot yesterday about GWAS and what have you, and I can never really understand their studies, because it's a cast of thousands. There's been a couple of studies again by Canazawa looking at a Chinese population, showing that we're looking at two SNPs in the selenium binding protein that there was a significant correlation with the presence of schizophrenia. One of the SNPs was this 2800953. And then in a Japanese population, the same SNP was correlated normally with various clinical subtypes such as hepithrenic or paranoid type. And then one other final publication by an Israeli group with Bob Bellmaker has shown that there's a decrease in copy number variation in the selenium binding gene in schizophrenia. So what we're trying to do currently is get a handle on exactly what this gene or its protein does, because there's very little in the literature about it. And I'll tell you what there is in a few slides time. So we've made a plasmid of the gene. We've inserted into the GFP-tagged lentiviral vector, and we've been transfecting human primary neurons and also differentiating SY5Y cells. And we can show GFP expression, and we're trying to assess if there's any changes when we turn this gene on in terms of synaptic and enderitic markers. So this is a transfected neuron. Our big problem, and these have been a really technically challenging experience, is getting a decent antibody to the selenium binding protein. We're now collaborating with a group of prostate cancer researchers in Boston who have a huge panel of these antibodies, and so we're actually now moving forward. By interest, selenium binding protein expression is a very important prognostic indicator in prostate cancer. So we want to make sure we've got a good imaging of the selenium binding protein itself, and then this is our marker of dendrites, and we will also be marking for synapse as well. So those experiments are currently under way. The gene for the selenium binding protein is on 1Q21, which I think was mentioned yesterday as either a susceptibility loci or an area where there's a copy number variation. There's a little known about the function of this, apart from fact it obviously binds selenium, but it's not one of the classic selenium proteins. We think it's probably involved in ubiquitin proteasome system, as it interacts with a member of that system, a deubiquitin protein enzyme, and it's found in the Golgi, so we think it probably also has a role in monitoring protein folding and leading misfolded proteins to the UPS. It's also been found in the growing tips of neurites in SY5Y cells. There's been clinical links, so with the expression of the protein with cosonomas and in CNS disease, and interestingly, there's been an epidemiological link between the levels of selenium in the soil and schizophrenia, and I've been told that Australia is a selenium deficient country. So this is an analysis from 1994, and on the left here in black are those states which have the worst deficiency of selenium in either the soil or the crops grown in them. On the right are those states which are reported by Tory to have the highest rates of schizophrenia. I think with the eye of faith you could see there is some overlap. There is this state here in California, I'm not quite sure how that fits in, because there's a lot of migration to there anyway, but it's an intriguing association. So I think from hopefully the data I've been presenting to you, you believe that in psychosis there is some evidence, accumulating evidence for subtle abnormalities in the brain that affect gabrodic neurons and synapses and dendrites, and some of this may be driven by important intercellar pathways such as a winter or GSK3 beta, and that on top of that there is a number of observations now of increased gene expression for selenium binding protein which may be linked to monitoring of misbolded proteins and ubiquitination. So to complement these findings, we decided to try and change tack in terms of the way we analyzed our gene expression data, and instead of just searching for particular genes, we'd actually look for pathways. So we'd say, well we're not quite sure or we won't really care which genes are involved, but we want to see which are the dysregulated pathways in schizophrenia. And so we had by this time a different cohort of blood which we collected again from San Diego, and now with the Taiwanese series and we had a schizophrenic sample and a bipolar sample on both sites, and we used IPA to actually identify the dysregulated canonical pathways for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. And what was very interesting was this in all four groups, the top pathway that was dysregulating was protein ubiquitination. My statistical colleagues told me the chance of that happening by chance that it occurred in all four of these was very unlikely and this was a very significant finding. As you'll see, the genes that populate these pathways are different in the different cohorts, and that I kind of expect because schizophrenia is such a heterogeneous or psychosis such a heterogeneous disorder, but I think it's more identifying the pathways that go wrong. So this brings me on to the interest that we've been leading the lab to recently which is protein ubiquitination. So obviously the role of the cell is to transcribe the DNA into RNA and then translate that into proteins, but the proteins are very complicated and they have to have a proper quaternary structure and be able to function right. And despite the help from proteins in the cells such as chaperones, many of the proteins that have folded or the polypeptides have produced are folded incorrectly. So at least a third of them need to be broken down, otherwise they will miss function and cause problems for the cell. And it's a ubiquitous pathway that occurs in all cells and you know it's not really important if it doesn't function properly in a cell that's only going to live 100 days such as in the blood, but when you've got a cell such as your nerve cell which has to exist from birth to death and last the whole time, proper functioning of this is critical. So it's the cell's vacuum cleaner and if things go wrong in the cell and misfolded proteins accumulate, you end up what we understand now to be neurodegenerative diseases. So this is the systematic view of protein ubiquitination pathway. So here is a misfolded protein and you get these E1, E2 and E3 ligases that attach ubiquitin and then transfer it onto the protein. The ubiquitin attached to the protein is a signal for it to go to this cylindrical vacuum cleaner where the ubiquitin is stripped off and the protein is broken down as a peptide that can be reused again to reform proteins. Works very well and keeps you healthy but if it doesn't work well then you start getting problems. And so we know that certain drugs of use such as Bethanphetamine, MDMA cause obstative stress. Michael Burke talked about obstative stress in schizophrenia yesterday which can then cause this pathway to misfunction and then you can start getting laying down of proteins such as alpha-synuclein, inclusion bodies, beach amyloid, et cetera. So obstative stress and a whole series of things that can stress the cell out can actually lead to misfunctioning of this ubiquitination pathway. And another intriguing lead is the involvement of this pathway in psychosis of the work most recently by Dennis Vellacoulis in my element who's interested in front of temple dementia which causes the deposition of a protein called TDP3 because the UPS system is not working properly. And he's found TDP43 to be deposited in the brain of people of FTD and psychosis as well as some people who are having a late onset psychosis. So not direct but indirect evidence that there is a possible malfunction of this ubiquitous UPS pathway that may well result in psychosis. We've more recently looked at a correlation of various ubiquitim-related genes where they're to do with activation, conjugation or degradation and their correlation with positive symptoms, schizophrenia and negative and as you can see some of them are highly correlated with very significant p-values and this one in particular also correlates with negative symptoms but there's a high degree of correlation of some of these genes with positive symptoms. Then last of all I just wanted to talk about methamphetamine. So I became interested in methamphetamine with working at the University of California, San Diego because it's very popular and the clinic I used to run had a substance abuse clinic and half the people had an alcohol problem and the other 50% was methamphetamine. People go out to desert, they cook it up, it's dirt cheap so it's very popular pastime. It also became very co-morbid of HIV. People take methamphetamine, they feel very ecstatic, very libidness and they engage in lots of risky activity but if you use too much methamphetamine it carries with a high rate of psychosis. So we looked at brains of people who died and the best character of brains to look at were people who got HIV because a lot of these people have been enrolled and studied and come to study meetings every six months or a year and we knew the lifetime amount of meth they'd used. We did a lot of different immunosidic chemical studies and finally found there was a particular nurse generation that was associated with methamphetamine in these people of HIV and intriguingly it was a lot of GABR and in this particular case it was highlighted by the presence of a calcium binding protein called calbinding which is expressed in these GABR interneurants. So this was of a control individual. This is the brown staining for calbinding. This is somebody who got HIV in kefalitis and this was an HIV infected meth user. We quantified them and there was a stepwise progression in the deterioration, the number of these and also because we had prospective clinical data we were able to correlate a lot of these neurons with worsening on memory scores and what have you. So we know they are associated with cognitive impairment and may well contribute to the fact that a lot of these people became psychotic. To complement that we also did a gene expression study on the brain tissue from these brains and found by our amazement that the genes that were massively upregulated were interferon-related genes such as ISG-15. This was certainly a quantitative, very significant increase. We could show this by staining for ISG-15 in the cells in the brains. So it certainly was a definite observation. And interestingly, ISG-15 is released in response to interferon as a tag. It identifies proteins in the cell which it doesn't recognise itself as possible viruses and tags them for breakdown by the UPS. So it's part of the UPS system. So I don't know a significant increase in interferon-related genes which are tagging viral proteins and are targeting towards the UPS. It may be part of the pathophysiology of development of psychosis and methamphetamine, but it was just an interesting observation. And as a metaphor that process, I often use this part card that's been tagged and is being led away because it's been legally parked.  We're not really made that much advance over the last 100 years. This is compared with the advances in Alzheimer's disease in the last 20 years. And there's numerous leads for possible subtle changes in neuronal migration, but that is subtle, probably more affecting the interneurons than the pyramidal neurons. We have more confidence in the fact there is a disruption of cytoskeleton, especially the dendrites and the synapses, that this may well be related to disruption of various signal pathways that control those dendrites and synapses, and that on top of that there may well be an emerging disruption of a UPS function. And I think all these functions are interrelated. So I think my simple model so far, which is going to be far less simple than anything Colin shows you, is that psychosis may be related to our disruption intercellular signaling, over expression of selenium binding protein and disruption of the ubiquitin proteasim system, and they're also not yet talked about possible involvement of transcription factors, which are causing damage anatomically to silexid dendrites and gabarogic neurons, and all these are resulting in its cough called psychosis. And there's a lot of people involved in this work and I just want to thank a number of them. Thank you very much.


Welcome to the Education News Flash HBCU Digest Podcast. I am your hostess, Tiffany Brockington. And this morning I am going to interview Dr. Duane Edwards. As you may have seen, you should have seen because I wrote the story for it on Education News Flash. You should have seen that Detroit's only HBCU, Lewis College of Business is being reopened by Dr. Edwards. As soon as March 2022, the pencil Lewis College of Business and design will be educating Detroit students. This is something that has never been done before. And so I, of course being the Detroiter that I am, the HBCU influencer, advocate, businesswoman that I am, I jumped on this opportunity to figure out how I was going to get Dr. Edwards on the podcast so that we can all have clarity and figure out how we can best support this endeavor for our students, especially out in the Midwest. So we are going to jump right into it. Dr. Edwards, thank you for joining me today. First question is what led you to this place and idea to work to reconstitute a closed HBCU? Especially as someone who isn't a Detroiter, this is interesting to me. And there are a few other HBCUs that are currently open and defunct, that are working very hard to be whole again. And I've been very critical of one in particular. So I am wondering what makes the former Lewis College of Business the one to become the essentially Penso Academy of the Midwest? Very important question. So you know, like, you know, a lot of Detroiters we're wary of people who are not Detroiters. Absolutely. Who are city to do things. Absolutely. So that's the number one question. I know. So I would say, well, first of all, thank you very much for reaching out and thank you for, you know, giving me this opportunity to chat with your audience and yourself as well. So first I would say, you know, Detroit found me. You know, I lived in Detroit in 92, back when, you know, Marshall Mathers was Marshall Mathers and Noreen Malone had the hip hop shop down there on Eight Mile. Oh, that's me. Okay. Yep. Live there. I have uncles and aunts and cousins that still live there as well. So I have a little bit of, I spent some time in Detroit for a little bit. Honestly, I'll tell you how it really went down. I was having a conversation with one of my alumni who lives in Detroit and works in Detroit. And we were talking about CCS and how CCS should be a lot more diverse than what it is considering the city it lives in, right? And the geographic location of both campuses. And so we started having this conversation around like why wouldn't like CCS wanna partner with like HBCUs, specifically one in Florida. So for Florida A&M, because CCS has this pipeline of students that come from this one high school in Miami called Dash. And I'm like, well, you know, why wouldn't CCS like partner with Dash and Florida A&M and create more of a right robust pipeline for maybe kids who don't wanna leave Miami to come to the cold in Detroit. And maybe that could help, you know, create a broader awareness and increase diversity at CCS. And so he was like, man, that's a really good idea. He goes, you know, I think Detroit used to have an HBCU. And I'm like, well, really? And it really happened just that simple where as soon as the conversation was over, I jump on Google and I'm looking it up and I, well, there it is, right? And so looking at, you know, kind of different articles and we saw the Myers-Rod campus and we saw the person's name, Anthony Pellegrino who was the listing agent and his phone number is on the building. So I called the phone number and I was like, hey, Anthony, you don't know me. I am inquiring about the Lewis College of Business and I wanna understand, you know, is the property still for sale and do you have any relationship with the family itself? And so he did. He was handling the affairs for the family. And so within a week, I was on the phone with the Gillespie Harris side of the family.  When was this? This was in November, early December, late November, early December, 2020. And I was just curious, A, why did it close? And then as I'm reading all these other articles, I'm hearing about how it closed and how they were trying to sell it and bring it back and they were unsuccessful. So I was really inquiring to see if it was still available and if there was still an interest in bringing it back. The reason why I was curious was because for the, so when I started in the food industry in 1989, I was only the second black designer in the whole industry and I spent my whole career trying to better diversify this industry. And working at Nike and Jordan, kids figure out your email address and they start emailing me, you know, their designs and I will start to reply. And I would start to help them develop their skills and get them into internships at Jordan or Nike or jobs at Jordan or Nike. And that's where I started the bug for teaching because I realized that there were no colleges that directly fed the food industry because the skill, the job is very insular. Like if you're not in the industry, you don't know how to do it. And so that's where I started teaching just mentoring kids on the side. And then I eventually left the industry to start Pencil as that first academy that taught footwear. And that's where I really didn't wanna go back to the design part. And I really started to focus on teaching. So for the last 11 years, you know, I've been teaching these kids no degree, no formal training, it didn't matter to me. If they were passionate about it and they had the work ethic and the talent, I'd be more than happy to work with them. Everything that we do is free. Our kids don't pay for anything as far as tuition is concerned. And so we've done that for the last 11 years. And we were already churning out black designers left and right, you know, that the companies could never find because they were looking in traditional places that we are not. And so I was finding them where we were and developing them and they're like, you know, this is amazing. Where do you find these people? I said, you gotta meet them where they are. Like if you don't change where you look, you're never gonna find what you're looking for.  And then George Floyd gets murdered. And all of a sudden black people are popular. And corporations and other industries starts to contribute these dollars specifically targeted to black people. Nobody wants to go near a racist. Yes. And so some of those dollars were education focused. And so we started getting more emails because we have always been in this space of identifying and developing black talent. Just in our small little bubble, like I said, our small $60 billion bubble of the footwear industry. And so we started getting more calls and more emails from other sectors of corporate America that were in need of black talent. And so we became that go-to place, that go-to institution, if you're looking for a black designer. And so we were already doing that work. And a lot of the companies were asking us to work with HBCUs. Because of the 100 plus HBCUs that exist today, there's a small number of them that have a design degree available to you. As a full degree. And most of those programs are underdeveloped because it's poorly funded, right? And so design is not looked upon as a viable career path as a whole. Because sometimes people get designed an art mixed up where art and design are two different things. People still have the stigma that art equals broke, but design does not equal broke, okay? And so once the companies were asking us to reach out to HBCUs and we would reach out and sometimes it would work and sometimes it wouldn't work, that's another story for another day. And so the thought crossed my mind briefly, it was like, wow, well, I wonder what it would be like if there was a design focused HBCU because that's the need that all product industries are asking for is this bigger pipeline for black talent. And so that was really the innocent thought. And I'm just like, just throw it out there, right? And then when we started having this conversation with the family, it became a bit more real. And then it became very real when we connected with the other side of the family. And then we started making it work. And so immediately we partnered with COS for creative studies because they are a larger institution, we're a smaller small academy. They have the infrastructure that we need both academically and just administration wise, accreditation wise, they have all of those things that we would need. So we started partnering with them and working towards a joint venture with CCS while working through the business needs that we need to take care of to get Lewis College of Business back and good standing with the state with the idea of going down this road of us getting recognized as the lone HBCU in the state of Michigan by the government. Gotcha, okay. So that leads me to my next question because obviously this is very new for public consumption. Could you talk a bit about if there's been any conversation with the federal department of education about the HBCU designation for Pennsylvania Lewis College of Business and Design that is a mouthful, but I'm gonna say every single time for clarification, will the Pennsylvania Lewis College of Business and Design be a standalone institution once all legal matters are settled? So right now, both of you have two questions in there. So right now we're in partnership with COS for creative studies. They're gonna be our partner, as I mentioned earlier to really help us understand the educational landscape specifically on the design side as also a private institution. Our goal is to make sure we take care of the state requirements, make sure we take care of the state requirements from an education point of view as well and doing that in partnership with CCS before we go to the federal level. Okay. So we wanna make sure that we have our accreditation in line and lined up. The good thing is what CCS does is the same thing that we do, just a different object. So the accrediting body is the same person and allow us by us being connected to CCS, it allows us to be within their accreditation parameters. And so once we get a lot of those things resolved, then we'll start to have the state conversation. I would say sometime towards the mid to late next year. We wanna make sure that we have a proper case in order because this has never been done before. And so there's no legislation statewide, there's no legislation federally. And so we wanna make sure that we're properly prepared with the right information, the right support of who our founding partners are with the Gilbert Family Foundation being a Detroit icon as well as the Target Corporation. So we wanna, and then all the partners that we work with on programs. So if you think about the top 10 footwear companies, they're all our program partners. And then you bring in other major brands. So we wanna go to the White House with, hey, this is who's helping us fund this and bring it back. We have a solid educational partner that's been in business for close to 100 years. And then we also have this corporate support behind us as well. So we wanna go there prepared because like I said, it's never been done before. And we wanna make sure we go there so they know that this is just not a random idea. This is real and we got a lot of support behind it and we gonna make it work. I'm fighting the urge to say something but you're absolutely right. This has never been done before. Like people are attempting to do the thing but you came back with the plan and money to fund the plan and support from the local government to make this work. And that is the difference. That's making the difference. You don't have to fundraise the monies. It's already there. That's the difference. And for us, the federal designation for us because that right now is the de facto quote unquote governing body over HBCUs because there is no governing body, so to speak. But because the government funds them, they become the governing body. You're not charging students. They won't need financial aid. They won't need money. Exactly. So for us, it's not really the money that would come from the redesignation. It's really just the recognition of that we're able to actually come back. And so that's what we're really not going to the government for the funding because we are funded and we'll continue to be funded. It doesn't hurt to get some additional capital but that's not why we're doing it. We're doing it so we can get the redesignation. Excellent, okay. So a little earlier, there was an important point made about the focus of Pennsylvania Lewis College of Business and Design that it would focus on areas related to design education because that's an academic program that most HBCUs do not offer. So my question is, will there be an opportunity for current HBCU students to participate in Pennsylvania Lewis programming? And then relatedly, do you envision that, do you envision hosting other more traditional HBCU academic programming for Pennsylvania Lewis College of Business and Design? So to help you out, we're gonna abbreviate to PLC, right? So to help you with that, we'll abbreviate it. But absolutely, what I wanna do is create a sister school network within HBCUs. I taught over in Denmark for four years and I was amazed with the European school system of how a student who lives in Denmark can go to Italy, can go to France, can go to Germany and then come back, right? They have this ability to have this more well-rounded education system where we don't have that in the US. Now there are US schools that have sister school relationships outside of the United States, but very few have it within the United States. I would say the state of Georgia actually has it figured out the best as it pertains to HBCUs, because if you're an HBCU student in the state of Georgia, you can go to any other state school in Georgia as a simple exchange, which I wish more states actually adopted kind of that format because it just gives HBCU students the opportunity to learn about things that they don't have at their school. And so this is what my biggest goal is, is to create this sister school network within HBCUs, because what we offer, no school in the world offers, let alone in HBCU. So we're giving HBCU students the opportunity to do something that they can't do anywhere around the globe, and it just happens to be within the HBCU system. And so that is my biggest goal with this whole thing, is how can we work with other schools, HBCUs specifically, and allow their students to come hang out with us for a semester or a term and go back. And I guarantee we don't send them back better than when we receive them, but ultimately what our goal is, is to also have that return exchange, because we're gonna have business, we're gonna have design, we're gonna have manufacturing and engineering, but there's other areas that I know our students will wanna take that we don't offer. We're not gonna try to be something that we're not. We're gonna, we have a lane and we're gonna stay in that lane. And with the help of other HBCUs, you help make that lane wider, the same way we help make your lane wider. And so that is my biggest goal, is to be able to try to create that network. And actually after this call, I have a call with one of the chancellors at one of the bigger HBCUs to start having that conversation. And you know how it works, you get one of the big ones, and then the rest wanna hang out. Thank you. Yep, so, but yeah, that is the goal. That is my 100% goal. This is reminding me of the Paul Quinn model that this is, you're familiar? Yeah, in Dallas, yep. Yeah, this is what this is reminding me of. And that is one of my favorite HBCUs. This is, yes, I'm with it. Okay, well, last, last question. And this is still related to the former or the previous question. It would seem that there is the perfect balance between tradition and innovation with this project. And so how do you plan to implement certain traditional and cultural HBCU elements for PLC students? I know that when the news broke on my timeline, people were like, oh yeah, now I can have an HBCU experience. And I'm like, hold up. Right, right, right. You don't know if you're going to have that traditional experience because this is a school that will be focused on the design education and all those things connected to it. It's being recreated. You don't know if it'll be the traditional experience because you don't actually, you don't have that yet. So I'm wondering what steps have you taken or will you take to present that to students? Like how do you intend to provide a culturally authentic HBCU experience for them? So you hit it right on the head. We don't have that history, right? And so we're not going to try to fake it and try to recreate it. We're going to carve out a different experience that over time will naturally evolve into more of a natural cultural experience. But the experience that we'll do different is that on the design side and the inventor side and entrepreneur side, there's been some amazing black people that we never heard of before. And some of them are still alive. And so like there's a brother who, Brian Thompson, he designed the $100 bill, exactly. So imagine you being able to come to a college getting taught by the man who designed currency for the United States. Imagine coming to a college and being able to work with a 30 plus year veteran who designed Jordans and other products for other brands. Imagine coming to a college that is being taught by a pioneer and a woman by the name of April Walker in apparel 30 plus decades before streetwear was a word. She created that streetwear word with Carl Kanai and the cross colors of the world. Those are all brothers out of friends of mine that are still alive.  You'll be educated on what happened before them, but you'll be also educated on what they've learned and what mistakes and what successes they had so you can prepare your path going forward. So for us, the real cultural experience is actually being immersed in the world of black creativity that is still living. That is still living. And then you'll be able to clearly see where your path will be in addition to connecting with black business leaders. So being taught business by black pioneers as well. So that's the real advantage I see coming to Detroit and being a part of what we're looking to do with pencil.  So that's really the biggest cultural advantage is that and then learning about our history in these areas in all segments, right? Because it doesn't exist anywhere in a book. It doesn't exist on a website. It doesn't exist anywhere. And that's probably been the most disappointing thing for me is that you would have to dig, dig, dig to find out who were the first black designers. Well, you have to be right. If you're not right, then you'll miss it because we don't write things down. I'm speaking it, I mean, here we are talking but like this isn't written down. You will have to watch it. You will have to hear it. Yeah, yeah. So I would say you'll be experiencing it in real time and you'll be experiencing the history in real time. And then over the years, we will develop our own culture. We will develop different traditions and things that we do but it will be different than the traditional cultural experiences that the other HBCUs provide. We just don't have that history. We don't have that. And so we're not gonna try to fake it but if we have these sister school relationships, shoot I'm gonna go hang out in Louisiana. I'm gonna go hang out in Atlanta, right? So like given our students the opportunity to do that and experience it through our sister school partners. Gotcha, thank you. Do you have any last things to share, things that I did not ask, anything like that?  That's honestly my most important part of the equation. I'm not trying to bogart my way into this, into this I would say fraternity or sorority. I'm not trying to do that. I just wanna find my place and hopefully- Hopefully we're welcomed, but it's a reciprocal thing. We're here to make the overall whole better and carve out a space that we can be an ally to everyone else that's in the same space. And then I would say lastly, probably the most important part for me too is bringing back Violet T. Lewis's name. Bringing back who she was as a woman, bringing back who she was as an entrepreneur, bringing back who she was as a trailblazer. I mean, she's one of three women to find any black copy of the PC, one of three. And no one knows who she is. And I think that is the most disappointing part in the equation is that she was almost forgotten because I don't think there was, there was no social media back then and there was no Instagram and everything else. So we're gonna provide all of that. We're gonna provide her history and what she was able to do and chart her path. She was ahead of her time. And what she simply did in 1928 is actually what we're doing today. So she simply created a college that offered certification programs for women who wanted to learn office skills to work in the office, okay? Not a degree, she offered a certification program, right? We're offering certification programs in partnership with the biggest brands in this industry. And so even though we'll be able to issue degrees, but which one would you wanna have if you want to be an aspiring footwear designer? A certification that says Nike approves of the education that you have received. Nike paid for it. And paid for it, yes, that's two wins right there. Or a degree that says, hey, you learn design the right way and you might have paid for it as well. So that's what we're charting down that path. And we're looking to kind of make people rethink education also and then connecting the dots between education and corporate America that directly leads you to a job when you're finished. Yes, okay, that's it. I don't have anything else. Thank you for taking the time. To connect with me for this purpose. If you are watching, please do follow Pencil Lewis across social media to keep up, please share this story. And yeah, that's all I have. Thank you so much and thank you all for watching. Thank you. All right, thank you.


Hello myself, Ravindra Chauhan, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering, Vulture Institute of Technology, Solapur. So, in this session, we will discuss the concepts of process, tasks and threads in association with the operating system and especially with the real-time operating system. The learning outcome of this session, at the end of this session, the student will be able to describe the RTOS architecture. Also, the student will be able to describe and compare the RTOS process, tasks and threads. Outlines of this session, the first we will see the RTOS architecture. Then, we will define and discuss the concepts of process, threads and tasks, RTOS architecture. The real-time operating system is defined like this. It is the multi-tasking operating system, mainly designed for real-time applications where timing constraint is very, very important. Means, the output of the system must respond to the input. As far as the RTOS architecture is concerned, at the center, the very small component of software is lying, which is called the kernel. This kernel is the smallest component of the real-time operating system. Around the kernel, one can build the different modules as per the requirement. Now, for example, if the system is requiring to play with the different input and output devices, then around the kernel, one can build the IO device management system. If required, one can design the different drivers for the different devices. If required, one can build the file systems. The file systems means it is the information of the different files, the information like the size, its attribute, its status and like that. One can build the debugging facilities, one can add the networking protocols and other required components. If required, one can also build the C library. So, the kernel is the basic requirement and around the kernel, the designer can put or design the different modules shown in this particular figure. Mainly, the RTOS consists of two parts. The first one is called the kernel space or kernel mode and second is called the user space or user mode. So, kernel is the smallest and central component of an operating system. The kernel services are memory management, input-output device management and also kernel provides an interface for software applications to use the different resources, managing the protection of programs and multitasking. The major services offered by the RTOS kernel are like this, memory management, IO device management, timer management, timer management means the kernel is providing the CPU time to different programs or processes, interrupts and event handling. The interrupt means whenever any device is required some sort of service from the processor, then that device can get the required service by interrupting the processor. Then the task management and mainly the communication between the different tasks. Then we will see what the process is. So, any software consists of number of processes. Means the process is the sub-module or sub-program of the any software and each process runs under the control of an operating system. Now, these processes are having the different states and these states may be the ready state, running state, blocked or finished state. So, any process it is in one of these states at any time. Process is also having its own structure which is called the process structure and this process structure means the data associating with the process, the different objects, the different resources and the process control block. Now, process control block consists of the following information about the process. The information consists of process ID, process priority, address of the process control block of the next process which will run. Then addresses of program memory from physical memory space means address of the different instruction which are the part of this different process. Addresses of process specific data memory means process control block provides where the actual data is stored in the memory. Address of data generated during the process run. Addresses of process stack saving the CPU registers etc. Now, the another component which is called as a threads. Now, thread consists of executable program or code and has a state running, blocked or finished. A thread is a process or sub process within a process. Threads has its own program counter, stack pointer and priority parameters. A thread is a process level controlled entity and does not depend on the kernel level process. So, thread can be called as lightweight process. The next term is called as the task. So, task is the term used for the process in real-time operating system. So, as far as the meaning of process and task is one and the same, process mainly it is referred to in the general operating system and task is the term used for the process in real-time operating system. A task consists of sequentially executable codes and a state. The state information of the task which includes the running, blocked or finished. Means the state information tells whether the task is executing that is it is in running or whether the task is blocked by the kernel or whether the task has completed its work. The task is having its own structure which is called the task structure and which consists of the data associating with the particular task, the different objects, resources and task control block. Now the task control block consists of the following information. Whenever task is created, the kernel is assigning the unique identification number to that particular task. And that identification number is reflected in the respective task control block. So, task control block consists of its ID, then the priority assigned to that particular task, the status of the task means whether the task is in the running state, blocked state or waiting state. Also, task control block provides the information about the CPU registers associating with the particular task, the respective program counter which points the address of the instruction to be executed and the stack pointer associating with the particular task which points the respective data from the stack. Now the next is task state diagram. Now in this mainly four states are shown the dormant, ready, running and blocked. A dormant state denotes the task has been created but not activated. The ready state denotes the task is waiting for other higher priority tasks to be executed. Means this state indicates that now task is ready to execute. Then the running state denotes that the microprocessor is executing the task. Means the specified task is executing. And blocked state denotes the task is waiting for some external events. Then the kernel puts the task in the blocked state. Or same can be called as a finished state. When task has completed its work, then the task will go into the finished state. Now you pause the video and compare the program, process, threads and task. A program is general term for a unit of computation and is typically used in the context of programming. A process refers to a program in execution. A process is an independently executable unit handled by an operating system. A process is further broken up into threads. Threads are sometimes referred to as a lightweight process. A task is a generic term which refers to an independently schedulable unit of computation and is used typically in the context of scheduling of computation on the processor. References. The book embedded systems by Raj Kamal and embedded slash real time systems by Dr. K. V. K. Prasad. Thank you.


Polish police have gathered more forces and military equipment as the standoff at the border with Belarus continues. On Sunday, Polish police and border guards watched thousands of migrants who are camping on the other side of the reservoir fence, hoping to cross into the European Union. Most of the migrants are from the Middle East and are sheltering in freezing conditions between Belarus and EU states Poland and Lysenia, which are refusing to let them cross. At least eight of them have already died and fears are growing for the safety of others as harsh winter conditions set in.


zero viewers we are more people streaming than we are viewing but i guess they'll come yeah when this happens no don't slap don't slap okay my name is kindias Holm also called den unge Herr Holm and every day of october i draw a inktober is pinktober drawing from steward samples pinktober prompt list and today i have my assistant sedius my slapper sedius good evening just for fun hello nautilus not a squid and jammer jam crates hello okay so if you're wondering why just for fun has that green name that's because he is a paid member uh and if you want more free art more lives more longer videos more of everything then consider becoming a member let's see if we have yesterday's pinktober drawing that was a woozy not nautilus not a squid says i can confirm i am in fact i am not in fact a squid good and just for fun says shout out to leafy for the membership gift yes because yesterday on the live if he was a squid then he would if someone was a squid then they would be able to write out multiple texts yeah you can chat with yourself if you're a squid because not only do the squids have a brain quite big brain or smart brain in their head they have tiny brains in their tentacles yeah shout out to leafy for the membership gift because you can gift memberships to others if you want and leafy um leafy got leafy gifted just for fun the membership yesterday serious is a squidologist are you a squidologist a squid expert no i just know that they have a tentacles eight brain eight small brains so i i might be mistaken with this but i octabuses have eight tentacles and two arms so they have two longer tentacles that are called arms so they're really tentopus i don't know why i said tentopus because it's weird how do we tell him squid have ten tentacles yes that was what i told him so someone confirm my you know whenever i say things like this i'm really sure that i am telling the truth but i know that anything that comes out of my mouth may be something i made up and my brain forgot that it made it up i'm so glad you did this love at this time because i would have been asleep i was up for 20 hours yesterday oh that is heavy that's no fun being up for 20 hours is it serious no probably not probably not i would have easily fallen asleep in that time oh yeah we mostly we are waiting in more than 10 more than 12 hours i'm not being tired okay do you remember what the prompt word for today was serious it was changes what is the perfect thing a monster that changes from a human a monster that changes from a human zombies are too humanoid so someone says that octopus has eight tentacles and squids have ten maybe like beast from beauty and the beast no beast had only six tentacles in the classic movie beauty and the beast a monster that changes to a human sounds like a skinwalker yes but it also sounds like almost any monster in folklore and mythology because when there were so many different stories that used the same name you had to have some way to explain that something that in one story was a ghost in other story was a fox in another story it was a giant in another story it was i haven't been in any stories oh son they tell tales about me no they don't hey again uh so should we do something simple like a werewolf or should we do a human transforming into an elephant well that's mario now yeah it's a wonder a human transforming into a blobly blob says just for fun you can draw that hmm what what about the mint ah so the zombie blobly blobness is transmittable like a disease some big lovely blob hello happy halloween and merry harrowing headcrab um but yeah there are some people suggesting that i should draw a mimic do you know what a mimic is see this a mimic it looks like a treasure chest but when the hero goes to open the chest it's a mouth with teeth and it eats the hero or tries to eat the hero have you seen them but that isn't really that hasn't has that to do with changes it's not a change so i actually have an idea with an elephant it won't be mario it will be a little bit weirder since it's transformation into an elephant and there are any elephant monster things where i'm going to go with that but there is yeah then we could i'm done with my first thing do you want to show your first thing and then we have some questions for you actually that oh what have you drawn here sedius it's a ghost tentacles tentacles the arm of a skeleton the arm of a skeleton i see it i am a black skeleton see it see it a weird thing least disturbing sedius drawing okay so uh we had a question for you sedius sedius what would you want to be for halloween and what is the scariest monster zombie blub blub blub is the scariest monster the second question is that's a secret it's a secret what you'll be for halloween but you actually do know what you'll be right yeah you know it don't you i do know it but i'll slap you a million times hard if you say it yeah i i don't want to be slapped anymore so so uh i will not reveal your secret whoa the trunk yes want to know how do you how do you transform into something no first then they get bitten then they transform um into more of a some into some mist then their arms get hurt and do those scary things and then they turn it then they get a long nose yeah but they try and trust them be blubbly blub fair enough hope you're not gonna be a blubbly blub then are you gonna be a blubbly blub for halloween i got a costume because i made a costume before i got the blubbly blub as an idea yeah so uh my wife serious mother made the costume this year and she made it before we got the idea or serious got the idea for the blubbly blubs fun fact elephants think humans are cute like we think puppies are cute do you think that it sounds reasonable maybe that's also why maybe that's also why killer whales seem to like humans you know what a killer whale is no speck hogir oh yeah they're called killer whales in english and you know what they've never done killed humans so they just kill other animals they kill other animals they are they can hunt for almost anything in the sea they can hunt big whales and they can even hunt white sharks great white sharks and oh yeah yeah they're bigger and stronger than sharks and uh yeah humans probably taste bad no because if it was a matter of taste they would uh do like sharks do and what sharks do is sharks don't know what a human is so it tastes it and then it swims away because it doesn't taste good but um killer whales don't do that this is my own transformation your own transformation this is the transformation between a human and a zombie blubbly blub that's how it looks in the middle does that look like a human transforming into a blubbly blub okay it gets a long it gets a long nose so uh jimmer jam crate uh wants to draw while watching but it needs a pose do you know what a pose is a pose is how you stand so if you could draw someone standing in a cool or a weird way we can show it to jimmer jammer crate and um and uh he can try to draw that how about that don't ask me why i know but human uh me taste similar to lions never heard that i've heard that humans taste like chicken or humans taste like pig and i don't know the difference i do know the difference between chicken and pigs very seldomly have i seen a huge uh pinkish uh four-legged mammal that's digging its nose in the dirt and screamed hey that's a nice chicken that only happens once in a while yes there's a pose there is the pose jimmer jammer you jimmer jam you have a pose this is what you're going to draw yeah really good so the easiest way to share fan art with me if you have drawn fan art of any of my stuff um is what is to post it on instagram and tag me or send it to me on facebook or instagram you are so flink and marley bleck you are an inspiration sunnen din is also very flink better you're better okay i'll try this jimmer jammer creates and if you could find me on instagram i'm the only hat home on almost all social media so if you could find me on instagram then that will and send it to me the result that is that would be lovely lovely right then um yes if that happens yeah then you gotta show it to me yes that's the idea that's why i asked i'm going through changes what did you say you say why is all most all fictions was that what you said are you what did you say i didn't hear it most oh big and there is a reason for this that they have a lot of no one of the uh uh traditional um powers of a werewolf is that they heal their wounds heal unless they are harmed with a silver bullet or silver implement some silver tool a silver knife silver sword a silver spoon yes what about silver teeth what if werewolves have silver teeth always because i feel like one of you you have a picture of a person riding a horse i do yes you want to look at the picture closer now i don't know what the this literally a human riding a horse that you're showing so now you're going to draw from reference that is important so they just got the idea from seeing it yeah okay so we're not really going to draw from reference just it popped a idea into your head yeah yeah that's also good whisper it whisper it i think i know what it is oh i didn't know that i thought you were going to draw what i drew earlier today and that i showed you just before we started the stream but but your idea is even cooler less halloween you know less halloweeny unless it's ancient halloween ancient greek halloween that didn't exist i just talked in norwegian because i got a question in norwegian and i usually answer questions in norwegian if they're quick questions i usually answer them in norwegian if they're longer question then i usually actually answer them in english jumbo done messed up yeah jumbo done messed up also south africa two watchers two viewers from south africa where are everyone located today we have south africa we have norway yeah don't draw on me that's where i draw the line no it's not absolutely doing anything no but but it yeah it's making it look better canada blame canada we have a viewer there and we really do care boo nice painting thank you everyone says a country and then there is a misery misery i don't know how to pronounce that uh netherlands california there is a weird thing with americans that they presume mostly rightly that they can just say their state and everyone knows where it is but it would be very strange if someone asked me in english where uh i lived and i said uh horidalan it's not called horidalan language vestlan salhus yeah kim apologies you've covered this before but do you know much about african folklore mythology way too little i have uh tried to read a little bit of uruba folklore and mythology and it's extremely fascinating but i don't really know enough and when it comes to especially when it comes to let us see it has a lion head on it it's a center with a lion head a center with a lion head where have we seen that before i mean with a like with the head of a dead lion with a head of a dead lion oh it's easy like there are so many cool people from norga are from caribbean and norga cool i see joshi i'm from megeila then put your first drawing i'm not done with my first drawing it's a it looks so funny yes yes because it's them in the middle of the changes so that part of the hand is more human-like and that is more elephant-like yes and then it instantly runs away a million miles away no why tell me why tell me why tell me why i don't know why forms not being zombies i'm going through changes stop singing what i won't make it a mammoth where are you planning on putting the circle thing this time around i won't be putting the circle thing this time around because people think i put them on every drawing but i don't the circle thing is an enzo and i put them on the drawings where i felt that either the theme has something spiritual with it something a bit magical with it or or i put it on when i've thought about something or felt something sort of magical and the reason i put the enzo on is that if the enzo is to be accepted it has to look good and it has to be drawn in as close as possible to one goal so you have just one try to get the perfect circle so if i manage to draw the circle perfectly the gods or the fate or the cosmos or chance has accepted the drawing and the drawing is good if i mess up the enzo the circle which i sometimes do i tear up the drawing so i only do that when there is some sort of something spiritual or magical to me about and i need to consult the gods i don't need to or the fates or the chance coincidence i don't need to check with the gods or chance or coincidence if this elephant man is okay because i love him i don't have a single yes it looks so silly and so people have these confirmation biases because a lot of people think that the enzo is my signature which is not this is my signature why did i i signed it already i was supposed to put the number there oh my head isn't quite in the right place always and i signed it already million times definitely yeah definitely one million times yeah i i've drawn hugina and moon in a lot instead of kanji character no it's a small self portrait looks like one of those my drawing is probably gonna come here i think this time at the end of the life because i'm adding a lot of detail that was just a hint a hint for what you're drawing i think i see it yeah can you see what you think of this i think it's uh can i say it loud i think it's a gorilla do you speak more than two languages uh uh i speak a little spanish i try to try to try to ah i try to learn spanish all the days but i i want to uh who knows connoisseur mass mitologia i folklore de chile i de mapucha pero mi mi esposa es chilena y mi hijos y son medio chilena y medio noruega so this will take an hour and i'm literally nearly half of it already and i said that it will take an hour i'm really silly and that i you are really silly me what what can we get a blobby blob shirt oh we have to uh travel to us and to scapist over and make our own blobby blob shirts yeah so next time we're visiting your grandmother i love drawing the metal man or the metal men the blobby blob shirts that i will be there yes in the middle it will be the blobby blob shirt oh yeah so you can say when you are are you well the blobby blob shirt uh i am very interested in nosk metallurgy spotted in are you yeah yes yeah i'm very interested in both norwegian folklore and norse mythology but this time to get what is it okay werewolf no uh okay i'm not sure then stand on and this thing is right now from four dangerous okay is it uh it is some kind of monster right i'm done for if the metal man isn't rob halford i'll be pissed do you only use inks for your art or do you use other materials load some materials i mean there's acrylics paper uh i use pencil i use charcoal i paint with oil once in a while it's been a long time since last i painted with oil i do want to paint more with oil i love that it's a very different feel powerful monstrous and beast is it king kong no godzilla more powerful kithulu more powerful a gong le gong more powerful a blobby blob more powerful a giant blobby blob more lovely blob god more lovely blob hacker hackers are below gods oh i forgot i didn't know the youtube hierarchy all those things combined yeah so we have a question does sedius speak english with me or is it just for the live do we speak english at home very seldomly but you start speaking english when you watch too much youtube yeah so that's uh that's it okay joshi asks uh in norwegian uh word for talking consists of student where i buy my uh art equipment uh i buy almost everything at hobbi kjelliden in bergen but if you're in oslo you have uh a couple of great art supply stores you have kem kundsners eget material lutsald which is um fantastic and you also have a store that it's probably called torso dot no now it used to be called some name christian something and it's in pilis today and uh kem is in house monskata jimera here germans heart if german is hard centipede god oh and that was the first attack of the monster wow that must be powerful it must be really powerful then like a blobby blob two-shot sit oh blobby blobstone two-shot that thing but i mean blobby blobs feed them into a text and also here's a bonus it's able to kill all which song am i referencing with this elephant you probably don't know because i don't think i've listened to how is cedius the one you were singing yes i've been singing it but which artist it's a classic it is one of the most hello kim i'm i just got out of class we had mental health day at my school and me and my friends decided to bring our watercolors to paint we had a guest speaker talk about mental health as well excellent that sounds more fun than regular school i'm going through changes by m&m changes by uh osi osborn yes i've been singing changes by uh osi osborn uh but changes by osi osborn doesn't have we're looking for good song yeah changes by osi osborn is a great song changes try to face the change changes or powerful um do you like my changing elephant but what's the song that it references oh shall i reveal the song it's changes by david bowie it was changes david bowie he got a change of song that is correct yes i cheated but david bowie that is correct the final album before his syggy stardust period you have a moon but it's my own monster and i am and i turned the moon red so that it's more bloody and it's the blood moon it's the blood moon adios okay shall we do a ink monster here anyone interested in seeing me or helping me draw uh ink monster do you want to create the blob series okay a concept on this paper okay expand it into a true monster you'll create the uh concept and i'll expand it into a true monster that sounds like a plan yeah and it will be hard of course that's black isn't it yeah that is gray ink you can use the gray it's very dark gray series as far to get it most children are very creative i think but but it helps oh that's that's what i got to work with and can you tell me what it is no no i just you need to expand it i need to expand it okay i can see a couple of different ways to expand it i like this challenge mine's not yet my final one's not yet then don't isn't that funny okay that's a bocoblin it could be a bocoblin no oh not the god beating bocos are bocos i love i love bocos as well we all love bocos in this house i think it looks like a bird in a suit yeah i was thinking about making it into something birdlike but i changed my mind my mind my mind and i made it look like a bird no yes no that looks like a nub yes a beak but it's not going to look like a beak for long it's much prettier than myself i'm uh fishing for compliments it literally just exploded inside a supernova coal inside it love your nails is a comment thank you thank you so much it's my monster still not done still not done this one takes a little bit time you usually draw really quick sometimes you take your time yeah this is going to be like the final so we have a question here and i think i'll include cedius and asking in answering it someone asked if i'm gay if i love other men and want to be a boyfriend uh child with other men because i wear nail polish but cedius does what you wear on your nails mean that you have to fall in love with someone special does nails have anything to do with falling in love no unless you fall in love with someone's nails yeah yeah and it's what against one two one is the powerful monster why don't they have to take another one yeah but it also the one that you talked about it was first yeah also to answer the question again i am bisexual uh that has nothing to do with my nails but i do uh i have been in love with men before but now i'm only in love with my wife with my beautiful wife and squishy in my squishy wife she's watching she might be watching squishy squishy cedius is more progressive than most people in my country and that is sad there are people who think that you are a bad human a bad person if you fall if you're a boy who falls in love with a boy or a girl who falls in love with a girl or and those people though they are not progressive they are conservative but if but if you think that no why can't we just be nice and kind to each other then some people think that's progressive i think it's just basic human decency cedius is intelligent smart for tonight fortune on yeah that's really cute squishy wife is the best title uh she's not gonna like loads of hugs by mommy mommy mommy meteors don't hug them no because then you'll die then you'll die this looks odd but i love it thank you it does look kind of looks like it's a dinosaur right now but just with weird yeah it is it is kind of weird but i love it so i'll give it a heart tail yes that's why i did it to make it weird yeah like since it looks like it has one dinosaur leg why don't you give it one more human leg to make it weirder okay where there is better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better better always looks like it uh there's a leg here almost so let's do a humanoid leg make it also long nope that will be a short leg what's the weirdest thing type of thing hey oh i it is a bit weird positioning for the leg but i'm promising i promise it is a leg yeah because it's spaced on your leg and the drawing space on you isn't it maybe you should give it beard where should the other leg be huh maybe the other leg the leg at his head your child is officially a genius don't inflate his ego more yeah i'm almost done we need to just need to have the final leg the final leg down it's a duck leg it's the final it's a ducky ducky ducky ducky so cute day and we need an eye color see your face oh my eyes are brown have you gotten the tips how to come out to kids i'm always afraid of that or made this no one here that it's this color so there was an important question kind of adult question how do you it's this color no look it's this color everyone it's is that the color of the eyes yeah okay first then the outer layer is white is red and the layer is purple does that make sense yep um everything that i've said in this video makes sense everything you said in this live makes sense yes so there was a question that i rather i would like to reply to that is how do you come out to as gay or bisexual or or anything else if you're afraid of that that the kids won't understand it and will judge you for it and this person asked how to come out to their younger brother and sister and i know this is different in places that are very homophobic and that doesn't accept people for being different but generally speaking kids are more understanding than adults and when adults say no no no they will say okay that's that's interesting can yeah it's those colors right now and we can show it to screen now hmm don't show it to screen no uh we won't show that to yeah i am try to have conversations around it first and uh and not conversations i'm going to tell you about this and this but try to ask questions and get them to hopefully correct conclusions first no get them to perhaps see the absurdity of prejudice because prejudice is absurd i've now made cthulhu's head you made cthulhu's head yeah that's i want to see that that's inside there and it's stuck it already oh cthulhu's died it instantly just tried to jump into battle it did you draw cthulhu all along or did you just start adding cthulhu to your drawing okay you see that i just started i should be seeing that but i'm i'm sort of paying attention to what i'm painting and i'm loving it i think this one is coming out really cool thanks my only fear is that my homophobic mother will manipulate the way that he is about it probably will um can you show us can you show us cthulhu's head no no not yet so a lot of painting ah yes you have to i'm not done yet you're not done yet it's important to be done i'm loving this one what shall we name this beautiful beautiful creature the most beautiful creature i've ever seen kim it looks like cedius it's kim it's now it looks like new one there's like all your monsters it's pronounced cthulhu no that sounds very wrong what about kim let's name him tim no oh no no i made a mistake me yeah but uh is your kid uh kid roasting me uh right now yes my kids are always roasting me now then does he always fall on and the other does he always fall on and differ does he always fall on he always falls if he doesn't if he hasn't fallen and he's if he hasn't fallen he will fall you you is a nice name it's not gonna be named kim dias holm i'm putting my foot down just like this i'm loving this one this is my favorite monster in a long while i think yeah it's magnificent it's a thing of beauty um that's b-rex no kim dias holm it will not be named kim dias holm no don't do that no oh you tricked me you tricked me leggy lucas kim dias holm i serious i will not name it kim dias holm it's number 1427 and it's it's going to be called mikia's glom is that your final one yeah i think so mikia's glom can you see what name that is made out of what do these letters spell if you turned the letters around and placed them here and there what does it say okay i will ink and paint hada hada ink and paint you can do both yes what does it say kim dias holm yeah so yeah this is my final one because we've been streaming for an hour and we forgot to say some things i gotta say my thing fantastic drawings and always cedius is using his brain cells at 500 capacity 1 capacity awesome brain power i will not see anything um do you have any questions for me this is really good yeah i i love this one this is one of my favorite monsters and this is the color aberration between you and me cedius because you started it this and uh you as you said made the concept and i expanded on it you can see gossip so uh let me do my advertising cedius while you finish okay so uh if you like stuff like this if you like this art and these videos then please do support you can support by becoming a youtube member you can support by sending super chats you can support on patreon.com slash kim holm you can support by going to den unge her holm and buying originals merch and prints use the promo code inktober 23 for 20 percent of all october and um if you don't have money to support with or you want to support without using money all my art is available for free use that means when we uh when we upload this creature uh you can download it and you can print it or copy it or change it or use it for a book cover print it on a t-shirt you can even sell it you can make stories based on it as long as you credit me as properly changes and let's go back do you sell anything on canvas i don't think there are anything on canvas at the web store right now uh this is today's inktober is pink tober drawing an elephant going through changes yeah you're using all the colors so yeah um i have one uh semi-large painting i think it's like one oh wow okay where is cthulhu i see cthulhu that's cthulhu yeah yeah and but what is this creature that's the monster and it's called the the ultimate beast the ultimate beast and what is this that's a werewolf yeah and this that's a centaur that's the centaur laying on the ground dead oh dead centaur but if you barely get touched by its attacks then you die if you don't have the most armor from its own scales the serious cinematic universe would you like to make your own cinematic universe like the marvel cinematic universe i see nothing i am blind okay i will show what my son is putting me through this is all i see now so talk to the chat i'm talking to the chat but now i turn the camera around and now serious you can go upstairs and show your mother the beautiful apocalyptic vision you had okay i think i see the famous banana there is there a banana in your picture see it is it's a moon okay let's see if we can answer a couple of questions before i hang up this inktober month has gone very well creatively even though i've had covid and and things have been rough i think it's going very well would you ever shave your beard my wife says no wife says no it's honestly good to see a healthy parent child relationship like that yes but you also have to remember that i'm bipolar being bipolar also means i'm not always a good father there are times where and also being an artist makes it often difficult to be a good father because there are times my mind is somewhere else so what you're seeing on these lives and on the videos where the kids are present is just a tiny bit of what you're get you know we're just showing a tiny tiny bit of our life and it's sort of it's important not to romanticize that because being bipolar doesn't make you a bad person but it does make it harder to be a good parent at times yeah i know but i assume you're doing your best thank you still better than all asian parents combined okay how old is serious now he is eight and his brother is eleven hello how are you how are you i'm doing quite good we are finished for today but uh but uh it was a good one it was a good one any final questions before i go and do other stuff his brother's name is estaban estaban will be helping editing some of my videos um i we just finished one today um and he has been on lives before and it will be on lives again what is he is that your child feels comfortable with roasting you to your face yeah but that is important that's something when i was that age that just wasn't the case yeah we i'm not a very uh authoritarian parent but i do you know i i have anger i can be too strict all of that stuff i did not know you did lives it's so fun thank you so much how are you feeling and this is the best i've felt since covid uh i actually was uh took a little trip and went shopping um and i was completely exhausted after that but now i'm good salut baruch kasad i don't know what baruch kasad means did you draw today yes let's show the drawings i'm very proud of this one cdus started it and i finished it this is one of my favorites i'm absolutely in love with this one and uh the inktober is pinktober drawing i like this one as well both of these are really i this was a good drawing day i mean look at him he's so cute so yeah very satisfied love your drawings hugs from brazil good to see you getting better yeah it was a shitty way to start the month or not the month it was a shitty day to the shitty day week well i don't know what i'm saying anymore cheers comrade kim thank you for sharing a time and talent with us here today good luck thank you it's okay that this happens nobody's perfect apparent but still yeah so but i just um the reason why i feel it's important to stress that you know bipolar is real and it makes it hard to be a good parent is that i do sometimes get comments for from kids who maybe don't have the best parents themselves thinking i am a perfect parent but i'm absolutely not i'm hopefully better than a lot of parents and i'm surely worse than a lot hi beard man let's go i always imagine norway with snow yeah i live in badigan and we don't get a lot of snow um we do get a little bit of snow in the winter we get a lot of rain all year and you know um really cold summer day is around 10 degrees celsius and a really warm winter day is around 10 degrees celsius today i think it was around eight degrees celsius so then it's cold for for autumn will you shoot what will you shoot in the next video so i right before going live i published a video uh doing the headless horseman and i don't know what i'll do for tomorrow what i'm working on now is actually trying to build up a bunch of videos so that i can plan out all the videos all the way to christmas and new year and then i can work on some other things and also work on some longer videos how about the skogsdra i've drawn the norwegian version of that uh the huldr huldra a few times i will surely draw the swedish variant sometime favorite comic run oh um difficult um born again saga uh by frank miller and david massacelli um daredevil of course that is definitely a favorite craven's last hunt it's magnificent the doula hunt next the doula hunt should already be up on my youtube maybe some brazilian folklore creatures yeah i i get those suggestions a lot uh but i always ask where can i learn more and i haven't found any good english or norwegian sources i'm learning spanish to to learn more from spanish sources on uh chili and mythology and mapucha folklore but uh portuguese no common frank miller win yes so i'm as you can probably see from my art frank miller is uh my all-time artistic hero i absolutely adore frank miller's work both his early work his middle sin city work and also the newer very cartoony work i think it's beautiful and politically i don't think i could be much further apart than than miller but but i still there is an honesty and creativity and energy in his art that i can enjoy from my privileged position of being a white guy who's not the the focus of his prejudice i think that the worst prejudice from miller was in a period where he was drinking heavily and also getting sick but he was very conservative mind libertarian conservative something like that i like the paintings of fridish i never got that into fridish i i enjoy it okay never got too much into it i mean out of out of fine artists there are not really that many that have influenced me there are some in you know like the fantasy genre like frank facetta and some like now my mind is stuck not escher because escher has influenced me as well but the alien guy so i those are of fine artists i approach i appreciate and that has influenced me outside of that uh Hieronymus Bosch Vincent van Gogh Francis Bacon Anselm Kiefer maybe Klimt and Otto Dix but it's not illusion Freud but it's not that many that have influenced me deeply what do i think about Alex Ross i remember when was it was it kingdom come that came first or was it marvels that came first i think it was kingdom come that came first and it was just a revelation in in a comic book style and i really enjoy his stuff and i really his art together with some of the others like John J. Muth and Kent Williams and John Bolton who did who did the or the painted comics for a while helped me understand why i don't think comics should be painted i think that comics should be uh ideally a line art medium with not too much coloring and if it's colored then it should be sloppy colored if Salvador Dali's art something you enjoy not particular i did when i was young team Diaz Holm's art i don't enjoy him crappy artist overrated hi Kim i love your art thank you colors make it more immersive yes but the reason why i think that the comics shouldn't really be colored is because comics is all about the illusion or feeling of movement almost all color i'm not saying that all comics should be black and white because that would be awful uh but i'm saying that black and white or sparsely colored stuff lends itself to comics better because um when you have a fully colored page your eye rests on the different elements of the drawing but when you have a black and white space and your mind knows that what's this side of black and white is skin color and that side is um is sky color and your mind has to make that transition and imagine those two that actually influences the way your eye focuses so your eye kind of focus a bit back and forth and that along with a very strong composition so you can make in black and white means that you have the potential to move the eye in very precise ways in order to create the feeling of motion feeling of uh the feeling of um power and that was because some of the things that you know jack Kirby one of the things that made jack Kirby magical even though the drawings were rough uh the compositions the layouts were often very simple but he he understood energy and movement did uh i just dunk on manga no i i didn't because most manga is black and white with some um some rasterization um if it goes into too much rasterization then it starts looking more still but generally manga has an excellent um uh feeling of of movement and flow and it's actually interesting because you can see that at the same time jack Kirby is um finding his storytelling style on captain america in the united states um what's the uh the godfather or the father of the manga comics what's his name again who did astro boy and the fantastic buddha series what's his name someone google um google it's not otomo it's hello there usama tetsuka thank you usama tetsuka at the same time in the 1940s while um jack Kirby is figuring out how to play ping pong play tennis with the reader's eyes usama tetsuka is doing the same thing in um in manga the difference and the difference in the manga style and the um the american comic book style is that kirby has to fit it all into a 21 page magazine the very much information has to be stuffed in while usama tetsuka worked from a uh longer cheap children and youth book format where they printed things in black and white on very thin paper and the books could be you know 100 200 300 pages long so tetsuka was actually doing the same kind of techniques uh to lead the viewer's eye through the action and get a feeling of action as jack Kirby was doing and they were doing it independently of each other and without knowledge of each other uh and in very different ways um kirby is in a lot of ways more useful to study because he has to compress everything he has to do the movement and the flow in a very efficient way because he only has 21 pages while tetsuka can mess around a little bit more and doesn't have to be that exact but both you know both develop the same ideas on how to control the reader's eyes through composition through movement through the placement of speech bubbles and they do it at the same time and it's just magnificent i have done um comics i used to be a comic book artist uh i am a failed comic book artist right now uh i failed and uh become a poor fine artist because comics are too hard for me as at least with my bipolar which isn't didn't mix well with my dreams of becoming a comic book artist but you can search out kim horn pigman's model and you'll find uh for print on demand or free use you'll find my adoption of hp lovecraft's pig pigman's model and i think it's very good and it depends on your taste i like cosmic multidimensional stuff therefore i prefer fourth world and sandman series can you recommend any good comics uh that depends on what you like we were talking about manga uh one of the mangas that has the most profound uh impact on me is of course lone wolf and cub which is just uh it's so grim and dark and but also funny and uh and it also you know it sort of uh um predicts the the uh tv series format that would come 30 years after it with series like buffy where you had monster of the week or case of the week for three episodes and then one episode that drives the plot further and then three episodes of monster of the week and then um one episode that drives the overarching plot further and basically lone wolf and cub did that but in the 70s and um it leads up to the most insanely epic uh conclusion back back back i think uh this is all the energy i have today if you would like to see more art like this and more lives where i can draw things like this oh this one is so beautiful i love it love it love it then please consider becoming a member or sending a super chat or supporting on patreon and if you want to buy pieces like this you can go to den ungehardholm.com den ungehardholm.com use the promo code inktober 23 for 20 percent of all ink October and uh these will be up probably in november sometime we have print we have merch and if you don't want to support with money but still want to support you can download all my art for free use that means you can copy it you can print it you can change it you can write stories about this fella you can make him the boss of your video game all you have to do is credit me as proper and you can even earn money on my art as long as you credit me as proper proper bye bye you inspired me to pick up my pens and pencils again that is excellent bye bye everyone bye