Thank you for joining everybody. And welcome to the talk, openly available air quality data, not just blue sky thinking. My name is Shruti Modakrithi. I'm the platform lead at OpenAQ. And I know this talk for the format is a little different than people are used to. So I'd really encourage you to reach out with questions and comments, my email's at the bottom of every slide. So it's easy. I also just posted a bunch of links in the chat which are some of the links I'll be going through in the talk. So feel free to, you know, explore as I'm talking about them. All right. So air pollution causes one out of every eight deaths on the planet. It is one of the biggest public health and human rights issues of our time. According to the World Health Organization, over 90% of the world breathes unhealthy air. And what does it mean to breathe unhealthy air? So public health experts have determined that particulate matter is the most dangerous to human health because of its size. So particulate matter that is 2.5 microns in diameter or commonly known as PM 2.5 is small enough to penetrate our lungs and even enter the bloodstream causing serious cardiovascular and respiratory ailments. And you can see the size comparison here in this slide. But all hope is not lost. We've seen how a small technology change can have a snowball effect in spur action. Back in 2008, thanks to the Olympics, everyone knew Beijing was polluted, but we didn't know how much. That year, the US Embassy in Beijing installed a rooftop air quality monitor that started tweeting out PM 2.5 data every hour. It was one of the first times that real-time PM 2.5 data was available to scientists, allowing them to study air pollution trends and make predictions. Engineers started scraping the data from Twitter and developing third-party apps that informed citizens when they should stay inside, when it was okay to go outside, basically informing people when the air was unhealthy. It took some time, but the overwhelming international response to this data being tweeted out forced China to set up monitors all over the country and invest billions of dollars to clean up their air. The left side image is from 2008 and the right is from 2014. And you can see the huge difference that it has made. So the lesson here is that communities need basic access to data to affect policy change. And it was this story that inspired the creation of OpenEQ. They started out with the simple question, what if all of the world's air quality data were open and accessible? OpenEQ is a nonprofit dedicated to fighting air pollution with open data and community. In this talk, I'll be going over an overview of the platform, looking at some impact examples, talking about who makes up the OpenEQ community, going over the global air quality data assessment that we did and talking about what's next. So the challenge, as I mentioned, is a lack of access to air quality data, especially in some of the most polluted places. And even where air quality data does exist, it's often in an inconsistent or temporary air quality format, making it difficult for anybody who wants to look at global air quality to get a good picture of what's happening. And both of these combined together prevent civil society from taking adequate action to improve air quality in their local communities. And this is where OpenEQ comes in. So we take all of those disparate sources, standardize it and make it openly accessible, basically building data infrastructure so that journalists, people in government and researchers can focus on what they're good at and not spend hours and hours transcribing PDFs into spreadsheets. Our strategy is to combine this very tangible platform and data with a diverse global community to create a healthier, more efficient and connected data sharing ecosystem. And overall make everybody better positioned to fight air inequality across the globe. So the OpenEQ platform basically contains real time and historical government-grade data from all over the world. We have over 500 million air quality measurements at this point from 133 data sources in 87 countries. You can check it out at openeq.org. The platform is entirely open source, which allows everyone around the world to contribute to make it better, make it their own. It's written in Node, running on AWS. And how it works is that it's a unique adapter is written for each government data source and a fetch process runs every 10 minutes to grab the data and then it's stored in S3 and also in a database. And there are several different ways that you can access the data. The most popular and easiest way to access the data is through the API and you can also query the entire database that we have using AWS Athena. And you can also download the raw data files from S3 using the Explorer tool in the bottom right corner, but I would not recommend that. It's easier to use Athena or the API and links on how to do that in the chat, like I mentioned. So we have a variety of options on how to access the data based on the skills and the purpose. And the community has actually built tools on top of the platform, like an R and Python wrapper for the API so that it's easier for people working in those languages. And in terms of the API, we've gotten 200 million data requests per year already in March and March isn't even over yet. We've had 30 million requests and that number only keeps increasing and it's been accessed in 162 countries. So the OpenAQ community is a dynamic group of global collaborators full of researchers, engineers, journalists, students, government employees. I checked this morning and our Slack has exactly 700 members and I hope that a number will increase after today. And here you can see some great examples of community collaboration. On the left you have Dolgen from Mongolia. He heard that people in Bosnia were actually hand recording data. So he wrote an adapter in the OpenAQ platform too so that Bosnians had programmatic access to their data. In the middle, you see an example of government employees adding in their own data to the platform. And on the right is Smokey, the air quality chat bot which takes in the raw concentrations available on the platform and translates it into a much easier to understand metric for people so that they know when it's healthy and unhealthy to go outside and exercise and so on. And so we cultivate and engage this community through in-person and online workshops. We've done a variety of international workshops. The one on the left is from India in Delhi and then the one on the right is in Sarajevo. And the workshops convene people from different sectors and show them how they can use the data that's on the OpenAQ platform as well as the tools and help them kind of create an action plan for instigating change in their local communities. And here's like various impact from different sectors. In terms of research, the NASA Geos Research Team use the real-time data available on the platform to conduct a research study and develop air quality forecasting models. And they were actually able to use the real-time data that's available on the platform to double-check their models and make sure they're working correctly. In addition to doing that, they were able to make data comparisons between different countries and also identify data gaps in their key areas. The media has also been able to use it. So here you see the Bloomberg green data dash that overlays OpenAQ data with population data and helps inform the public, makes it easier to visualize the magnitude and severity of the problem. They were able to use the API to pull that in very easily. So, and then this graphic also helps identify gaps in data, especially in countries with large populations, ultimately making it easier to push for environmental policy change. This is one of my favorite stories. We held a workshop in Ghana last year. It sparked a civil society to take action and bring air quality data to their community. They ended up releasing a community statement demanding increased coverage in frequency of air quality monitors in Ghana. They had a publication come out. Columbia University heard about this, reached out and donated air quality monitors that they've been setting up over the past couple of months across Ghana. And they've set out to save 17,000 lives each year from air pollution related deaths. And this is a great story of people leveraging the global community to improve outcomes for their local community. Another great story, and this happened recently, we worked with the environmental agency of Iceland to add their data to the platform via their new API. Because we had so many government sources, they actually reached out to us and asked how they said they're developing an API and we actually worked with them to develop the API to make it easier to ingest onto the platform. And now the air quality data is openly accessible for anybody to use. The tweet on the right shows in Icelandic, the environmental agency talking about how they work with us, which is pretty cool. So building this platform is an iterative process and it's shaped very much by the needs of the community. And to better gauge this, we conduct an annual survey and we try to do this every year. And it's basically to help people share feedback about what challenges they face in their work and what tools we should build, how they're doing. And we got results from over 100 people and I'll share with you some of those results. So where are they based? And majority are in the United States. We know that it's skewed towards the Western world and we love for more people in other parts of the world to join us. We do have a good chunk of people in India and Mongolia. In terms of what countries their work impacts, again, mostly in the US, but you can also see parts of Asia, like Mongolia and China. And also parts of Africa, like Ghana and Kenya and Rwanda. And also definitely Europe, lots of people in Europe. So what sector are they from? Blue just highlights the most popular responses. So a lot of people in academia or education sector, a lot of people in software development technology and a good chunk of people in physical and environmental sciences. Well, we have a good representation in government and public health as well. Definitely could do better in media. What are some of the biggest challenges that these people still face in their work? Biggest one is lack of coordinated management. Next is lack of public awareness. And these are two things that we try to help tackle with our workshops. And the other big challenge that people still face is non-existent air quality data, which brings me to the global air quality data assessment that we did. Where we looked at all the countries in the world, which countries have data? Is it open? How openly accessible is it? We felt it was an important contribution for us to provide a landscape looking at global governmental air quality data to help everybody identify gaps, limitations, and work that still needs to be done. And this kind of helps identify low hanging fruit, right? Where can we open up data to affect a lot of people? Where can we add data where it doesn't already exist? And if you look at existing data that's already on the open AQ platform, actually you see that some of the countries that have the least number of stations in their country have the greatest pollution and vice versa. So we're definitely seeing a correlation between how many stations that they have and how they're able to change the air pollution in their country. So out of the 212 countries that we looked at, about 51% of countries didn't have any air quality data and that represents a total population of 1.4 billion people. And if we look at which countries are sharing real-time government data, that number drops to a third. And the two thirds that don't have real-time government data represent a population of 2.1 billion people. And in terms of real-time data, we evaluated the openness of that data and we used four criteria to evaluate whether the data is fully open or not. One is physical data. So are they sharing raw concentrations of the pollutants and not just like an air quality index? Next, we were making sure that it was transparent where the data was coming from and it was reported at a station level along with the coordinates of the station to make sure that people knew where exactly the data is coming from. We also wanted to make sure that the data available is a fine-scale temporally, so at least daily or sub-daily levels in real-time with the time of collection, like date time stamps. And then we also wanted to look at is it available programmatically? Is it data and the metadata? Is it in a format that allows machine-to-machine interaction to do an API, an FTPs, their direct download or something like that. And when we did that, we found that at least 30 governments generate real-time data but don't yet share them in a fully open manner. And making this existing data in a more fully open manner would affect 4.4 billion people and the top four countries in this list of 30 are listed here, China, India, Indonesia and Brazil. And if we were to look at the other end of the spectrum where the countries don't have data, there's 13 countries where just adding in the data would affect a billion people. And you can see the list of the 13 countries on the left. And if you would map that out, you can see that Africa and Central Asia have the biggest gaps. So what will we be doing to address this? Coming up this year, we will be piloting a low-cost sensor platform. So in the past, we focused on government-grade data but we've seen an increase in consumer air quality devices and like citizens and scientists setting up sensor networks, especially in countries that don't have governmental air quality data already, setting up those networks and we see value in aggregating all of that data in a platform similar to what we have done with the governmental data. And so we wanna focus on lower cost or even like medium cost sensors, which cost tens, sorry, which cost thousands of dollars instead of like tens of thousands of dollars, which is like the government-grade stations. So we'll be piloting that platform later in the year. So it's safe to move to that. But more immediately, we will also be launching a averaging tool that'll make it much easier to calculate averages. The current methods can take weeks and using the platform, you can find the country average for every country in a matter of seconds and this will be available through the API and you'll be able to specify temporal and spatial resolutions. So definitely stay tuned. We'll be launching this in the coming weeks. And the best way to know about it is to keep in touch. We definitely wanna hear from you. What started out as an experiment has grown to millions of data points and hundreds of people around the world. We have a dynamic and diverse international community and we would love, love, love for you to be a part of it. So definitely reach out via email, via Slack, Twitter, definitely be around after for questions. And yeah, thank you so much for joining.


Hey there, it's Nani. Didn't see ya. I was playing with my new Loki Wave 2. Let me tell you about it. The new Loki Wave 2 is the ultimate prostate massager perfect for solo or couples play. This product is for true pleasure connoisseurs who want to experience the ultimate internal and external stimulation all at the same time. The softer improved ergonomic design of the Loki Wave 2 ensures a comfortable fit and a life-changing orgasm. The Wave Motion technology designed by Lilo creates a finger-wagging movement from within that gives unprecedented pleasure. It ebbs, it flows, and it knows where to go. It's got 12 adjustable pleasure settings to help you find your sweet spot. And the Loki Wave 2 leaves no area left behind. Built in tandem with its Wave Motion technology, an external handle makes sure that your perinium is getting the best day ever. It's portable, rechargeable, waterproof, and built for the go any time you need it. And not to mention, the sexy design will make sure you are pleasuring in style. The original Loki Wave took the world by storm and introduced a new level of intimacy to people with prostates everywhere. Now the Loki Wave 2 is taking it a step further, so why not dive in and experience it yourself? You can go to my link in the description and find the Loki Wave 2, as well as Lilo's other fantastic and intimate products. It's time for you to ride the intensity and come in spectacular fashion with Loki Wave 2. Hello, weary travelers, and welcome back to my channel. Why am I talking like an old wizard? I don't know. Before we get started, I have fight merch that's out now that's only gonna be out for a limited time. So if you want any of it, like any of this cool stuff, this is a poster, this is this shirt that I'm wearing right now, but then there's this stuff that's new, kind of fun, kind of cool. If you want any of that, you can go to crankinplace.com and get it now. The world is changing, folks. The world is evolving and we are at a point where we don't even need people anymore ever to do anything. You need to go to a store and you don't have a car. Great, there's cars now that will pick you up and drive you to places depending on where you live. And there's not even a driver. You need to write a 10-page essay, do in 10 minutes. Well, you shouldn't use this, but technically it will write it for you. This is chat GPT, which I think everybody knows about at this point. But I wanted to mess around with it because I haven't done anything with it. This is the first time I've ever used it, ever. So I thought that we would see what chat GPT can give to us. It is kind of horrifying because I've seen a lot of stuff that's written by chat GPT and there's so much stuff where it's like, this looks like it was written by a real human. When will we be able to differentiate between humans and the robots? Has the Turing test been passed yet? Hold on. No computer has ever passed the Turing test as of March 7th, 2022. But that's kind of a long time ago. Got any creative ideas for my dying YouTube channel? Certainly. Here's some creative ideas that you can try to revive your dying YouTube channel. Collaborate with other YouTubers in your niche. Collaborating with other creators in your niche is a great way. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Create a series. I know how to do that. Host a giveaway or a contest. No, that doesn't work. Update your channel art and branding. If the branding looks outdated or unprofessional, it may be turning viewers away. Create tutorials or how-to videos. Create a community. Give me funny and weird video ideas for my YouTube channel. Trying weird food combinations challenge where you try things like pickles and ice cream, hot sauce and whipped cream, or ketchup and peanut butter. I can't do the last one.  Makeup challenge, only using food. Actually, that's kind of awesome. We only use food items to do your makeup, such as cocoa powder for bronzer and mustard for lipstick. That's not bad. That's actually not bad. Let's ask about me because I am a narcissist. Ethan Nessar also knows his crank gameplay as an American YouTuber and internet personality. He was born on December 24th. That's incorrect. Ethan first gained popularity on YouTube. There was Let's Play Channel, which he played various games while providing commentary and interacting with his audience. In addition to his work on YouTube, Ethan also dabbled in music, releasing a single titled Gwen Stefani in 2018. He has also made appearances various TV shows and films, including a cameo in the 2021 film Space Jam and New Legacy. Let's just throw up my cameo in Space Jam, the photo of me in Space Jam. What a fond memory that I had on set. Man, me and LeBron really, we really hit it off. Write me a poem about a man who lost his shoe in a great big fire. In the end, have the man find his shoe in a dramatic, horrifying way. Make it a horror poem. In the midst of the flames and the smoke so dense, amidst the crackling and roaring of the inferno immense, a man ran for his life, his heart pounding with fear as he saw all he had ever known, burning in front of him so near. The flames licked at his feet as he stumbled and tripped. His shoes fell off, lost in the chaos in the fire's grip. He kept on running, not looking back, as the fire consumed everything in its path. The flames devoured the trees, the buildings, and the ground, and everything else, that in their way they found. The man kept on running, his heart filled with dread as he saw his world crumble in ashes turn to bed. The fire raged on, unrelenting in fears the man searched for his shoe amidst the chaos and the tears. He searched high and low and everywhere in between as the fire raged on and the world turned to obscene. But then, in the midst of the inferno, he saw a glint of light. In his heart skipped a beat as he realized what was in his sight. It was his last shoe lying amidst the debris as the fire continued to rage wild and free. He rushed towards it, his heart pounding with hope as he picked it up. He felt his strength and willpower grow. The fire rode on, but the man had found his shoe and with it, a sense of hope and determination anew. As he stood amidst the flames with his shoe in his hand, he knew that he would make it out alive and that he could stand. Against any obstacles, any challenge, any foe, for he had found his last shoe amidst the fire's glow. Why is that kind of good? Make a rap song about Cranky and Bliss. I'm gonna make a little rap song real quick, real nice about me, chat GPT. Yo, listen up, I got a story to tell about a YouTuber named Ethan. He's known so well, he goes by Crank gameplays and he's got the skill to make you laugh and keep it real.  And soon enough, he was causing alarms. Ugh, there's more. His less plays were on point, his comments are so fine. And when he, every time, he talked about his audience, they were all his friends. And it wasn't before long his popularity ascends. He's got a quirky style, a sense of humor, so weird, but that's what we love about him. It's what we hold dear. He's got the talent to entertain and the wit to engage. In every video he posts, it's like turning a page, but I can't read. Write me an 80s love ballad about myself and my dog who I love more than anything in the whole wide world. Never do a love like this before until I looked into those big brown eyes. You had to tell and I was smitten, oh. My heart had found its price.  Together we're unstoppable, we're one of a kind. My love for you is pure and true, my dog. I will always love you. You greet me every day with a wagon of bark and I know no matter what, you'll always be my heart. We play, we cuddle, we will never want to part. You're my loyal companion right from the start.  Together we're unstoppable, we're one of a kind. My love for you is so pure and true, my dog, I will always love you through the ups and downs where you stand. A faithful friend who always cares.  You're my furry friend, my partner in crime. We're unstoppable, we're one of a kind. My dog, I will always love you. My dog, my love, my everything. You're the reason, my heart, that it sings. Together forever, we'll never part. You'll always have a special place in my heart. My dog, my love, my everything.  Together forever, we'll never part. Special place in my heart.  What else do I wanna ask? Oh, I can ask it questions. Was the Loch Ness monster ever really alive? The existence of the Loch Ness monster, a legendary creature that repudely inhabits Loch Ness, deep fresh water lock in Scotland, has been the subject in debate of fascination for many years. However, there is no concrete evidence to suggest that the creature ever existed or is currently alive. Why do you say this? Why do you say this to me? What if I ask it a question, like a basic question? As an AI language model, I don't have feelings, but I'm functioning properly, and I'm ready to assist you with questions or tasks you might have. How may I help you today? Write a 10-page paper about Ethan Nestor's big bulging muscles and how he tamed them. Why? Was it the use of the word bulging? Write a 10-page paper about the Brain Leak podcast and its origin. The Brain Leak podcast, a deep dive into science and technology. The Brain Leak podcast is a fascinating and informative podcast that explores the latest developments in science and technology, as well as the social and ethical implications of these advances. Hosted by two experts in the field, the podcast is a must-listen for anyone interested in staying up-to-date on the latest scientific and technological breakthroughs and their potential impact on our society in daily lives. The Brain Leak podcast was launched in 2019 by host Ethan Nestor and Mark Bernal. Ethan Nestor is a former YouTuber and social media personality, while Mark Bernal is a research scientist specializing in neuroscience and artificial intelligence. The two met while working on a research project at a university. Ah, yes, I loved my university years. This is not 10 pages. Shane Boston made the list and I didn't. Thank you so much for watching. I hope you enjoyed the video and found it entertaining. And hey, if you're still here, you're clearly a true fan and I appreciate you sticking around to the end. And I just wanted to take a moment to express my gratitude for all the support and encouragement that you guys give me. Truly means the world to me and motivates me to keep creating content that you enjoy. By the way, I've been using chatGPT to generate ideas for upcoming videos. And let me... Ahem. Ahem. Ahem. Ahem. Ahem. We're a game changer. I highly recommend giving it a try if you're looking for some inspiration. Yeah. Enough about me. Let's talk about you. What did you think of the video? Yeah, that's about you. What topics do you want to have me cover in the future? I'd love to hear your thoughts in the comments below. And don't forget to hit that subscribe button and turn on notifications so you never miss a video. Trust me, you won't want to miss what I have in store for you guys. Thanks again for watching. And I'll see you in the next one.


It is very clear that Fox News and the right wing propaganda machine has become fixated on Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez because they view her as a threat. Everything she's talking about, the policy ideas that she's proposing, if you just remove her name from it and look at public opinion polls, they're overwhelmingly popular. Medicare for all, a green new deal, a federal jobs guarantee. So because Fox News views her as a threat, because the right wing propaganda machine views her as a threat, they're focusing on her more so than perhaps any other lawmaker. And as a result, this is what's happening. As Lee Moran of HuffPost reports, Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez blamed right wing media this week for the death threats she said she receives on a daily basis. The freshman lawmaker told New York Daily News that it's very clear that when right wing media starts to heat up, that's directly correlated to the amount of violent targeted threats we get. Ocasio-Cortez said there was clearly a correlation between the intensity of the critical coverage of her on widely watched conservative cable network Fox News and far-right media outlet Breitbart and all those folks and the amount of threats that we get. She feels safest when I'm home in the Bronx, she added, and revealed how Capitol Police had now advised her against sharing her schedule due to the ongoing threat to her security. Fox News hosts Tucker Carlson, Sean Hannity and Laura Ingram regularly rant about the progress of Congresswoman. And she has also talked about on Twitter how she receives really bigoted and misogynistic phone calls and messages on a daily basis. So what's happening here is the right wing hate machine is trying to target her to bring her down a notch specifically because they view her as a political threat but their viewers extract from that this view that she personally is a threat and this is the result. She's being sent death threats on a daily basis and look it's not just Fox News.  And really what makes this even more disgusting is that we finally get someone elected who actually genuinely cares about normal Americans who's fighting for us, fighting to expand healthcare, fighting for the future of the planet and this is the response.   It's absolutely disgusting, it's morally reprehensible and anyone who's contributing to this should be ashamed of themselves because it's not just like they're trying to isolate certain policies from her and disagree with them and propose a counter policy, they're fear mongering. They're saying she's not just a socialist, she's a communist. She wants to steal from you. She wants to turn America into Venezuela. She poses a direct threat to you.   So what do they do? They demonize and dehumanize and vilify their political opponents. She's not the first one that is the victim of the right wing hate machines fear mongering and she certainly won't be the last. I think what was it like a few years ago back when Glenn Beck was still on Fox News, Francis Fox Piven, which is a phenomenal political scientist, was basically deemed an existential threat to America by someone like Glenn Beck and she put up with the same thing.  That's harassment. Okay, well, if you think that's harassment, why won't you condemn the hate that you see from your own viewers against Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez? It's almost like they want us to unilaterally disarm while they keep peddling hate and you don't even have a substantive critique. When someone like Christian Nielsen is confronted by DSA activists, it's for a policy reason. But for Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, we don't know any of the direct threats, but they're death threats, completely illegitimate that's never acceptable under any circumstances. So to all the right wingers who peddle in hate, maybe try something new for a change and actually propose policies and argue based on the substance and stop trying to fear monger.


Changing the battery of the Adhear audio processor is very straightforward. Take off the audio processor from the Adhesive adapter. Open the audio processor's battery compartment and remove the empty battery. Place the new battery in the compartment with the plus sign facing upwards and remove the tab covering the battery. Close the compartment and click the audio processor back in place.


A Crow and County man has died after his boat capsized on a lake in Marshall County. County officials say 66-year-old Richard Sheik of Pequot Lakes was found Monday afternoon along the south shore of Thief Lake about 20 miles north of Thief River Falls. Sheik's body was taken to Marshall County Medical Examiner's Office in Grand Forks for an autopsy. Sheik was believed to have been hunting in the area when his boat capsized. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we shall discuss radical functions and their domain. First of all we shall discuss radical functions. A radical function is a function that has a variable inside the root. Now this includes square roots, cube roots or any nth root. Now y is equal to nth root of x is a radical function where x is called radicand, n is called the index and this root sign is called radical sign. For example in y is equal to square root of x plus 2 the whole, radicand will be equal to x plus 2 and index will be equal to 2. We should note that it does not include functions that contain only numerous inside the radicals and independent variable must lie inside the radical. An example of non-radical function will be y is equal to x plus square root of 5. Here we should note that in this function we have only number inside the radical so it is a non-radical function. It is very easy to solve equations involving radicals and the steps involved in solving radical equations are as follows. The first step is to isolate the radical on one side of the equation. Then both sides of the equation are taken to the same power of the root. That is if there is cube root we take cube of both sides then remove the root and leave everything inside it as it is. Next solve the obtained equation using basic concepts of algebra and lastly check your answer. Let us take an example. Solve for x and the equation given is square root of x minus 2 the whole plus 4 is equal to 6. Now we are going to solve this radical equation using these steps. So in the first step we isolate the radical on one side of the equation. That is our equation is square root of x minus 2 the whole plus 4 is equal to 6 and we get square root of x minus 2 the whole is equal to 6 minus 4 which implies that square root of x minus 2 the whole is equal to 2. Here we have square root so in the second step we shall square both sides. On squaring both sides we get x minus 2 is equal to 2 square which implies that x minus 2 is equal to 4. Now in the next step we shall solve this equation. Now here adding 2 on both sides of the equation we get x minus 2 plus 2 is equal to 4 plus 2 which implies that x is equal to 6. Thus we have got the value of x as 6. Now in the last step we shall check our answer that is we put x is equal to 6 in the given radical equation that is square root of x minus 2 the whole plus 4 is equal to 6 and we get square root of 6 minus 2 the whole plus 4 is equal to 6 which implies that square root of 4 plus 4 is equal to 6 which further implies that 2 plus 4 is equal to 6 that is 6 is equal to 6 which is true so x is equal to 6 is the required solution. Now we are going to discuss domain of a radical function. We know that the domain of a function f of x is the set of all values of x for which the function f of x is defined. Now to find domain of radical functions follow these steps. Here first of all we determine the index then we check that if index is an odd number then domain is set of real numbers and if index is an even number then we must restrict the domain to make radicand greater than equal to 0 that is we set the expression inside the radical greater than or equal to 0. Let us consider an example. Find the domain of the functions f of x is equal to square root of x minus 4 and f of x is equal to cube root of x. Here in the first part we have the function f of x is equal to square root of x minus 4 since it is a square root function so we can say that index here is equal to 2 which is even. So here we must restrict the domain to make radicand greater than equal to 0. Here radicand is equal to x minus 4. So restricting the domain we have x minus 4 is greater than equal to 0. Now adding 4 on both sides we get x minus 4 plus 4 is greater than equal to 0 plus 4 which implies that x is greater than equal to 4 so in such notation domain of the function f of x will be equal to the set of all x such that x is greater than equal to 4 where x belongs to the set of real numbers. In interval notation domain of the function f of x is equal to semi-closed interval from 4 to infinity. In the second part the function f of x is equal to cube root of x. Here we can say that index is equal to 3 and radicand is equal to x. Now index is equal to 3 which is odd. So domain is set of all real numbers in set notation domain of the function f of x is equal to the set of all x such that x belongs to the set of real numbers and in interval notation domain of the function f of x is equal to the open interval minus infinity to infinity. Thus in this session we have discussed radical functions and their domain. This completes our session. Hope you enjoyed this session.


I think in these hidden seasons of your life, I think it's important to remember that number one, the unseen is not unimportant. I think we live in a very visual five senses driven age in which if you can't point to something that is a success or an achievement or a result or something you're producing then we consider your life to really not be as significant or in as much momentum. We measure achievements by visual results because no one can measure internal results and internal progress and internal achievement all of which is what happens in a hidden season of your life.


Mac Observers, Mac GeekGab episode 892 for Monday, September 27th, 2021. And welcome to the Mac Observers, Mac GeekGab, the show where you send in your questions, you send in your tips, you send in your cool stuff found, they bring some of our own tips, some of our own cool stuff found, and yes, even some of our own questions right here to the show because the goal is we take all of those things, we mash them up into an agenda so that we can each, every one of us, me, you, that guy next to me here, I mean, virtually next to me. Yeah. All of us can learn at least five new things every single week when we get together. Sponsors for this episode include Otherworld Computing with their new Envoy Pro SX. This is a cool thing. We will tell you about it. And Quip, where at getquip.com slash MGG, you can save 10 bucks on a Quip Smart Electric toothbrush. We will talk more about that, too, in a little while. For now, here in Durham, New Hampshire, I'm Dave Hamilton. And here at Revolt Connecticut, this is John F. Braun. Yeah, man. So here we are another day, another podcast, 892 episodes. It's crazy, man. It's crazy. I was thinking back to how different our lives were when we started this 16 and a half years ago. And like the iPhone wasn't even out. Crazy, crazy. This episode, we've got stuff to talk about with iOS 15, right? Like that's a lot moving forward here, but it's good. And yeah, we've got all kinds of things to talk about. Quick tips and questions. And we have that survey. Many of you have filled it out. And thank you for that. But if you haven't, we would love for you to go and fill out our listener survey. Not only does it allow you to not only does it help us in learning who you are so that in aggregate, your data is not shared outside of the walls that we have here, but in aggregate, we know who you are. And that helps us with our sponsors and things like that. And then on top of that, also in the survey are some questions specifically about the show that are not shared with our sponsors. That's just for me and John so that we can like keep making the show better. So go fill out the survey. And we are giving out a $50 Amazon gift card to every batch of 100 people who fill out the survey, but you have to use our link and then also choose Mac Geek Hub as the show that sent you there. It's a little bit of a sanity check. Actually, it's a little bit of a security check because there's some fraudsters out there that want to fill out the survey 50,000 times so that they can get their Amazon gift card. No, Amazon gift card for them. No, no, because they don't know the trick. They didn't listen to the show. You did. Links in the show notes, MacGeekHub.com slash survey is where you can go if you don't want to look at the show notes. But if you do go to MacGeekHub.com, you can sign up to get the show notes delivered to your inbox every single week so that you don't have to worry about missing them. How are you today, Mr. Braun? Just it? No, not good. Well, I think we'll get better later. I got some toys delivered. Oh, same. Yeah, while we're recording this, it's like, well, it's happy birthday to me, isn't it? My iPad and my new iPhone and Lisa's new iPhone will get delivered. So we have all those things to test out. Yeah, I know, I'm stoked. But we don't have those yet because we record this on Fridays. So we will go with the quick tips and we will go from there. Lawyer Jeff brings us in to this. Lawyer Jeff says, Apple has a knowledge base article that shows you how to back up and then also restore slash import a P list containing all of your Mac and iOS tech substitutions. So if you're getting a new phone or if you just got a new phone and you're starting from scratch, but you, and especially if you have to wipe out iCloud and these things sometimes get wiped out in iCloud, you can go do this on your Mac and then repopulate them on your Mac and then it'll push it out through iCloud. And the way you do it is you go to the Apple menu system preferences, keyboard, text. I know it's weird. And then you can select all the replacements you want to export, including edit, select all, and then you just drag them to the desktop and that will create a backup file named text substitution stop P list. And then you can even edit that file with text edit. So this is like super geeky stuff. If you really want to get into it, which I love.  So you can filter down. I know it's great. Yep. So if you're ever having I have a feeling this is going to be something we now use as a troubleshooting step, John, because there are times when those things will not sink, right? Like the text substitutions don't sink across. Well, now that we know how to back them up, which I think maybe has been there before and we just didn't know it. This is what I love about learning at least five new things every time we get together because we get to learn to and you know, you can back them up, wipe them out, make sure they're wiped out on all your devices, do the hokey pokey with the sinking and all that and then bring them back in and, you know, maybe start a new. So yeah, I like it. Good. All right. Cool. Let's see. Listener Todd has the Oh, what a great little tip from listener Todd. Yeah. So, you know, you take a screenshot on the on the phone, right?  Todd points out quite correctly, says, did you know that when you tap delete screenshot, that image goes to the recently deleted album in photos? I did not know this until just recently says good to know in case one thought it was actually never saved on your device once you tapped delete screenshot.  If there was, say, a screenshot that included sensitive information or, you know, something you just didn't want to have in your library. And so, but good to know. I like there's no warning about that. I kind of like that there's this backup, but it's nice now now that I know it. So now you know it too. I love this. Two quick tips. I learned at least two things, John. So we're going to be out of here in like a minute. It's great. Here's one thing I didn't know a friend of mine alerted me to this. Did you know that your voicemail can get full? Which voicemail on the phone? Is it your carrier's voicemail that's getting full or is it the iPhone's voicemail that's getting full? Like both, I guess. Okay. I wonder if it's in the voicemail. Because no, a friend of mine said, yeah, I tried to leave you a message and it said your voicemail was full. And like, really? Interesting. Went to my, went to that category and threw everything in the trash and emptied it and that fixed that. So. And you went to that category in the phone app? You went to that tab? Yes. Okay. Yeah. So voicemail. And then, yeah, they're there and you'll see deleted and blocked as well. But I think that we delete them. Yeah, it goes to the deleted messages and just for, so a similar thing. I don't think it actually deletes them. So go to deleted messages and from there as well. That's like a two-step process. Cool. All right. Yeah, good to know. Yeah, yeah. I don't use Apple's visual voicemail. I like to get emails when I get voicemails. So I use Google voice. I have a Google voice number that I, there's like a little incantation you type into your phone and then your phone will forward, you know, off to Google voice when it can't do its thing with voicemail. When you don't answer a call, it can't do its thing. It can't do its thing because you haven't answered the call. So it sends it off there.  So, yeah, interesting. Interesting, interesting. Good to know. Nice tip. You want to take us to Tony? I will take us to Tony. So we were recently talking about the iPad and should you get it with cellular or not. And Tony gives us a good reason why you should. So if you can afford to buy the cellular version of the Apple Watch, even if you don't want to add a data plan, the reason is that since Series 5 cellular watches can call emergency services, even if there is no cell plan. Further, they will make so through, they will do so through any tower that can see them. So for the extra money, you will be able to get an emergency call when you have no working phone. For example, when you just dropped it in the lake or forgot it at home. Interesting. Huh. Oh, that's, yeah, because I never quite, I mean, actually I've understood on the watch more than the iPad, you know, if you're, if you're just using the watch for, you know, workouts and stuff and you're riding your bike or running or something and you don't want to bring a phone with you, having, you know, a cellular radio with you could be worthwhile. But then you're paying the extra whatever, 10 bucks or whatever your carrier chooses to charge you for that, for that device. But you don't have to do that if all you want is emergency calls. I like it. Yeah. And you usually get better resale value. Is it percentage wise better? Like, does it, does its value preserve? I mean, of course, it'll be higher because you paid more, right? But, but is, you know, is that, is that a truth? I don't know. I don't know. All right. Andrew reminds us, well, he was asking about the podcast app and he was having some trouble with it. And he said, really, all I want is to run overcast on my Mac. And then it hit me. I was, because I was typing an answer to him. I'm like, yeah, I know, like, wait, I want that too. But you know what, I can, because with what does Apple call it? Catalyst mode or project catalyst, I guess it's not a mode project catalyst, lets you run some iPhone apps and iPad apps on your Apple Silicon based M1 Macs. And overcast is absolutely one of those. In fact, overcast now added some features kind of specifically for people running them on the Mac. You can open up multiple windows and do some different things in overcast, which is a podcast player. It's a great one too. So I found that very interesting that, you know, like, think about that. If you have a favorite app on iOS, go check it out on on the Mac. It's easy to forget. Now there are some apps which will not run are built not to run. And it is 100% a decision of the developer. They can check a box or not check a box to allow it to be run on the Mac. There used to be a way using iMazing to slurp the IPA file out of the app store keyed to you so you wouldn't want to share these. And then when you double click the IPA file on your Mac, it will offer to install the app. And that's still very true. I tried that with the Facebook app because I know that's one that isn't allowed for download on the Mac in the app store. And it went all the way through the process. And when it got to the end, it said, Oh, this app isn't provisioned to run on the Mac. You can't install it. So they've plugged that whole yet again, at least in the latest version of Big Sur. I didn't try it on my Monterey Beta Mac, but I think the same would be true. So sadly, oh well. But I'll put a link in the show notes to the instructions as to how to do that. So thank you for the reminder, Andrew. And yet another reason why I, you know, and I think I was going to say yet another reason to get an M1 Mac, I think give it five years and Intel Mac based apps will be few and far between. I think there's going to be a lot of, you know, that makes a lot of sense, right? Develop just cross platform on M1. And then, I mean, it's not really cross platform, except it is it's cross device type, I guess. So I can see that as our future here. We're not there yet. No panic. But as you're considering your next purchases, I think M1 is the way to go for a variety of reasons. And this is just yet another one. So, all right. Where are we here? What else are we doing, John? Oh, more quick tips. Golly. It's like, we're full of quick tips today. Michael brings us a quick tip. He says the Siri button, which is on the side of the new Apple TV remote that comes with the Apple TV 4K will now launch home kit scenes. He says, I wondered if it did and it did. It's a very cool, good little quick tip. I don't have one of those remotes. I don't know what device I'm going to be using to watch TV. Like the apps for things like, well, YouTube TV is pretty good on my TV. Fubo is awful on my TV and it's pretty good on Apple TV. So I don't know where we standardize these things. I don't know. It's crazy. But good to know. Thank you for that, Michael. Hmm. It didn't work on mine, but then that's probably because I don't think I have any home kit scenes. So that's one thing. Did you update the software to the latest and greatest that came out this week on your Apple TV? Okay. And you have the new Siri remote on your? Oh, maybe not the newest. I mean, I have an Apple TV 4K. Okay. The newer one. I think it's just the new one. Does it have the Siri button on the side? Oh, then you have it. Well, on the left, not on the side of the remote. This is the one that literally on the side of the remote. Oh, okay. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. It's a different, they call it the Siri remote, right? And well, if my computer will work, yeah. It's silver. It has the D-pad at the top. So there's a link in the show notes if you want to see it. And you can, I mean, you can get one for 60 bucks if you want to add it. I think it'll work with your existing Apple TV. So if you care for it and you don't want to have the glass shattered device that Apple tried to ship to us long ago. Stupid. All right. Where are we here? Speaking of Apple devices that you can add, we have some discussions to have about the new, well, the new Magic keyboard. We'll start with some quick tips from listener Stephen. He says, two tips. There is no CD or DVD eject button, but I used Keyboard Maestro to program F-19 because who uses F-19 to run DR-Util tray eject. And we will put that in the show notes. DR-Util tray eject. And that way it ejects the SuperDrives DVD, which is great. Yep. Cool. And number two, he says, the Magic Keyboard for me refused to connect after reboot. I had no trouble setting it up, including the secret handshake of tapping the power button on the M1 Mac Mini twice to create the secure connection so the touch ID and all that works. He says on the next and subsequent reboots, though, the keyboard would not connect wirelessly. I plugged it in via USB and it was fine. The solution to this problem, and this is the second part of the quick tip, was to option shift click the Bluetooth menu item and select our favorite little thing there, John. Reset the Bluetooth module. I've rebooted twice since I did the reset and repaired the keyboard and all has been fine. Thank you for that, Stephen. I love when I love that.  I that was not in my mind as I was reading through his problem. And so it needs to be I need to make that more front of mind because that's an easy fix for lots of different Bluetooth problems. So all right. Shall we stick with the shall we stick with the keyboard thing and and move on to cool stuff found, John? Sure. Sure. All right. Bruce says I was behind in my listening. So I'm going all the way back to 877. When you were talking about a user's problem with logging in, that might be having a Bluetooth problem to the keyboard, similar to the last thing says the conversation then went on to keyboards. One of you stated that you don't think Apple makes a keyboard that uses a wired connection. I think that was me that made that statement. So the other day I was thinking about getting the new keyboard with the touch ID to connect to my M1 Mac mini. And he says I thought I had read that it came with a cable. And sure enough, it does. The regular magic keyboard also comes with the lightning to USB cable kind of like, you know, you can plug in a track pad or whatever you got to charge it. The tech specs for both list the connectivity via Bluetooth, lightning port and wireless. So you should be able to use them in a wired configuration. Very yes, very, very good point. There are times when I run my magic trackpad wired because it gets funky with it like, I don't know if I've got some device interfering probably some, you know, USB hard drive because that's tends to be what would interfere. I just plug it in. Everything's fine. Or if it needs to be charged, I plug it in. And then it's like a week later when I realize, oh, I could unplug that. And the only time I unplug it is if I need to like plug my phone in or something. So I would say my trackpad is probably plugged in half the time down in the office. And works fine. Get obviously works better. In fact. So yeah, fun. I don't know. Right. Sure. Sure. Yeah, it's cool that you can do touch ID with the M1 Max. It's got some they've got some, you know, the handshake super secret handshake that lets you do touch ID with the magic keyboard, even though it's wireless, which I'm I because I have an Apple watch, I really haven't had the overwhelming like frustration that would lead me to buying that keyboard. But I do need a new keyboard in the office. My venerable Logitex and I say Logitex because I've had friends over the years that use the exact same Logitech keyboard. It was like cordless keyboard and mouse. That was the name of the model. This goes back like 15 years. It uses its own wireless thing. It's to call it a dongle is kind.  It's flaky.  They tend to wear out, but people had given him to me over the years like, you know, used or whatever. And so I just keep swapping new ones in. But I need to get a new keyboard. I like here in the podcast studio. Obviously, I have to use a quiet keyboard. So I use Apple's. It's wired. But, you know, so that when I type, it doesn't clack, clack, clack in your ears. But downstairs in the office, I I've always had like a, you know, a clackety keyboard. And I kind of like that. So I don't know what keyboard to get. Maybe you can tell me feedback at mackykev.com. Did you say feedback at mackykev.com? I said feedback at mackykev.com. And that's why I want I want to hear about it.  And then by all means, premium at mackykev.com. Love to hear from you. All right. Maybe a Logitech solar keyboard, which is what I have here. It's pretty quiet, right? Yeah, I guess I don't need a quiet keyboard in the office, though. I can get away with with loud down there. So is that the K 750 or something solar powered keyboard for Mac? I will put it in the show notes for us. Oh, interesting. So it's got like, oh, I see it there. It kind of looks like the Apple keyboard, right? Yeah, I like one with keys that travel a nice long distance, like that that one's that one's more like a laptop, right, John, where the keys are just like right there. Well, it says it's as low as 5599, but we can't recommend it. I'm taking the I'm taking the link out. It's no longer available. So if you have a keyboard recommendation folks that actually is available that we can buy, let us know. Nice. I'm sure they've updated it. Oh, well, never mind. Maybe maybe if you have anybody knows about it. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I just like the solar aspect. So is yours? Man, even the black one is in is on back order, which I think tells me that yeah, it's just discontinued. That's too bad. Oh, well, well, if anybody knows, let me know. Anything else on keyboards, John? Nope. All right. You want to you want to take us to Bill? Yes. So Bill wrote in and said, Bill here from Pixel Privacy, I guess that's his website. Who I noticed you shared the what is my browser tool recently. And I thought I'd share something that visitors might find useful. Easy for you to say. I created a guide to browser fingerprinting. And we'll link to that article. And I'm not going to read the article to you. But basically, he goes through something called browser fingerprinting. So if you go to what is my browser, you'll see a lot of information that the website can detect about you. And then his article has a couple of other tools that show quite a bit more. But one thing that some sites will do is create a fingerprint out of all that information. And what can you do with that fingerprint? Well, a website could in theory tell that, oh, John's back again, because I fingerprinted him and took all that information that his browser threw at me. And it's the same. So he also talks about ways to thwart that. And I think Safari does some of this or may do some of this. Yeah, I mean, I think it came up when we were talking about the fact that Safari, you know, advertises its browser identifier string says like Catalina or something like that, even all the way through Big Sur. And I think part of that is to obfuscate who you are, right? You know, because he's right. You know, a profile can be built based on things like your browser identifier and your IP address. And all of these things together could become close to something unique that without saying you're you says you're you. However, with iOS 15 and soon to come in macOS Monterey, right, we have iCloud private relay, which will also further obfuscate those things because it changes your IP address to be coming from one of the egress servers that's part of iCloud private relay. That is 100% in use if in Safari with known web trackers. And then if you pay for an iCloud subscription, it's also in use in Safari for all your other browsing. But known web trackers are blocked, even if you don't pay Apple a thing, which is not blocked. Sorry, obscured. That's a good thing. I like it. Yeah, that's fun, man. Good stuff. Good. Good. All right. John, I have some show and tell to do here. And then and then maybe we'll talk about our our sponsors and and then we'll talk about the some of the new things in in the 15s. Let's just say that because there's some 15s coming to us. So the I I've recently been playing with a bunch of new chargers and charging devices. And so I figured why not just pull them all together and tell you about it. So the first are from a brand that is called Infinity Lab. But it's a Harman product, right? So the the people that make like JBL and all those things now have this line of chargers. And I kind of they're these white things. So if you're watching the video, you'll see them. They have a good textured feel to them. The I've got a gallium nitride 65 watt charging brick. It's got sort of, you know, universal power connectors so that you can use it in different countries and things like that.  And it's got both a USB C port as well as a USB A port. Of course, the USB C port is fully capable of power delivery up to that full 65 watts on this one. It's 50 bucks for this little thing here.  It looks nice.  And then the other thing that I've got from them is a 10,000 watt battery pack. However, it is a 10,000 milliamp hour, not 10,000 watts. That would be way too much power. I'm sorry. 10,000 milliamp hour. I would love to see the feedback on that 10,000 milliamp hour battery pack. It is a in the shape of, you know, kind of a flat thing like in the shape of a phone. And it has a cheap pad in it. And then it also has a USB C port for both in and out. So for, you know, charging or or charging itself or charging out a USB A port. And then it's also got, they have two models of this. It's got a, the one I have has a USB C cable built right into it. But you can also get one with a lightning cable built right into it. And here's the thing. It provides 30 watts of power delivery. So this 10,000 milliamp hour pack can help to give my laptop some extra juice. And that is a wonderful thing.  The next thing is from base U.S. This is a little bit more traditional of a charger. It's a black wall brick, but it the, the, the plug folds in. So it's, it's nice and tidy when you're not using it. It has but a single USB C port, but it is power delivery and runs up to 100 watts. So and it's 50 bucks, which, you know, again, like I love that these things are happening. I love gallium nitride. I love all of that. And then finally, perhaps, well, certainly saving the smallest for last anchor has their nano pro chargers out now. And these are the tiniest little thing. Yep. It is about the size of, you know, like the little charger that comes in your iPad case or whatever. It will do 30 watts, I believe they come in different sizes.  It's the problem of getting older, John is you can't read the tiny little thing. So I'm looking it up. It's 20 watts. I'm sorry. 20 watts. So perfect for your fast charging, your iPads and all that stuff. And they now come in colors. So this one is, I don't know how good the color representation is if you're watching the video, but this one that I got is is well a purplish color where they call it cool lavender. And I would I would say that that is exactly the right description for this. They also have black, ice, arctic, white and glacier blue. So kind of matching maybe the colors that we're seeing on some of the new iPhones and these would fast charge your new iPhones 13. So 20 bucks for 20 watts. And it's they call the anchor 511 charger, the Nano Pro. Wouldn't it be nice if you could get one of these with two USBC ports on it? Stay tuned to see if maybe they have something like that coming. All right. That's what I got for for chargers. Any thoughts on any of those, John? No, no. All right. Well, if it's all the same to you, Mr. Ron, I'd love to talk about our two sponsors next. Let's go. All right. Our first sponsor for today is Otherworld Computing. Today we get to talk about their new Envoy Pro SX. This is a Thunderbolt bus powered portable SSD that is not only super fast, which of course you probably already knew just from the other words I've already said, but it's super durable. This thing is a beast. They sent me one of these to test out. And it's like, you know, it's a great little size, totally versatile, great to be used as your bus powered drive for daily storage and backup tasks. It can handle all your workflows that you would need. And like I said, speed real world performance speeds, I'm getting upwards of 2800 megabytes per second. I know it's crazy, right? It's it's comes from the Envoy Pro EX's line. It's just a third smaller, right? It's crazy how it's I love what Otherworld Computing does there. And I love the way that they do it, right? They just make things easy, fast, reliable. They look good. I don't know. It just it's this has one of those aura SSDs inside it. So you know that they're you know that it's fast. It's fanless, which we love, especially those of us that are using like, you know, an M one air totally fanless. We like having a fanless world comes with OWC's three year limited warranty. And of course comes with an included Thunderbolt cable plugs into your Thunderbolt and USB for Max and PCs and all that good stuff. You got to go check it out. Go to Otherworld Computing at MaxSales.com. Again, this is the Envoy Pro SX.  It is little. Got to check it out. Our thanks to Otherworld Computing at MaxSales.com for sponsoring this episode. Next up is Quip. You know, we love how technology can improve our lives. I mean, it's what we talk about here. And this next sponsor definitely fits into our cool stuff found category. 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And if you already have a Quip, because I know a lot of you do, you can upgrade it with a smart motor and keep the features you know and love sensitive sonic vibrations, two minute timer with 30 second pulses for a guided clean. I like it. Slim, lightweight and sleek. No wires or bulky charger to weigh you down. This is such a cool thing. You can get like mint or watermelon toothpaste with anti-cavity ingredients for strong, healthy teeth. They've got floss that expands to clean and comes in a refillable dispenser to reduce waste. You've got to check it out and you can join over 5 million mouths who use Quip. Start getting rewards for brushing your teeth today.  That's $10 off a smart electric toothbrush at getquip.com slash mgg spelled G E T Q U I P dot com slash mgg Quip, the good habits company and our thanks to Quip for sponsoring this episode. All right, John, let's talk 15s. Let's start with Safari because Safari 15 just came out for the Mac this week. And I think this was a really smart move of Apple to get this, you know, very commonly used tool updated ahead of people getting macOS Monterey, right? There's going to be other changes with Monterey. Let's shift the time shift to Safari one so that, you know, people can get used to this and sort it out before jumping into Monterey proper. Of course, you don't have to update to Safari 15. You can stay on 14, at least for a little while. But I took my main Mac. I have not taken the Mac here in this studio up to 15 yet because I always kind of wait for the studio Mac a little bit anyway. And especially when we rely on it for, you know, things like doing the show.  And if you are someone that has lots of tabs open all the time, this is going to be jarring. Apple, I would say even more so than with iOS, Safari on the Mac really changes because on iOS, on iPadOS, you can see your tabs out there. But on iPhone, you're really only looking at one tab at a time. So you might have, you know, hundreds of them open in the background, but they are in the background, right?  But still, you're only seeing one at a time on the Mac, you know, you are seeing all of your tabs or most of them, many of them, open all the time. And this changes things just the way tabs are represented in the bar. The standard view is that things are separate, right? I think if we go, so I brought my laptop up so that I could have Safari here. But if you go to Safari preferences and go to general, sorry tabs, Safari preferences tabs, not general, and you have compact or separate. And what they're, what that defines is whether or not the tabs and the URL bar are in the same line vertically or in two separate lines vertically. So on a laptop where you have even less vertical space than you might on, you know, like a larger screen, you might want to try compact to see how you like having things really packed in. But it does get really packed in. And I'm not sure I can live with that even on my 13 inch laptop. Like I might have to give up the extra whatever, you know, 40 pixels at the top or whatever it works out to be. I mean, it's a lot. That's, you know, that's what, maybe one eighth of the one fifth of the screen, maybe, or so, like, I don't know, we can, I can do the math. I'll do the math so that we know how much of the screen it's taking up. But still, since 876 pixels top to bottom, and that little bar is 36 pixels. So yeah, right, you know, that's about 4% of the screen. So there you go. That said, I am, I am finding it fairly easy to migrate my thinking and, and muscle memory over to Safari 15 on the Mac. But I don't keep hundreds of tabs open. I might keep a dozen tabs open at any point in time. How is, how has this been going for you, John? No difference really. I'm like, Oh, okay, visually, it's a little different. And yeah, they do some color matching with the page that you're on, which I kind of noticed. Yeah, other than that, you know, I hit the same keys and the same thing happens visually. So I'm okay with it. Yeah. Yeah, I agree. Right. It functionally, it's the same. Now there are tab groups. So if you are someone who uses tabs in sort of functional ways, as opposed to just like letting it be the dump zone, tab groups can be, I can see where that would be a very useful thing. And I might, you know, I might come back in a month and be like, Oh my gosh, I can't believe I was never using tab groups before. You need to hear about this. And then I'll tell you about it. For me, that it, it has never been a thing at using things that way. So I need to get into a workflow where perhaps it is. And, you know, so we'll see, have you messed with tab groups at all, John? They do sync across devices. No. Okay. All right. And I think that's part of the other, other reason that we have Safari 15 out is so that if you're using tab groups on your iPhone or iPad, you can sync them and actually take advantage of the syncing with your Mac. So I'm curious, what's that, John? No, I'll have to check that out. Yeah. No, let it. Oh, yeah, no. Yeah, it goes across devices. Yeah, it goes across devices. Yeah. So I'm curious, you folks, let us know feedback at macicab.com. In the realm of things that I'm going to come back a month later and say, oh my gosh, you have to check this out. iOS 15's focus. I'm glad I revisited it. It was really at the, not at the urging, but just at the, as a description from my son, who is a college student, right? He's out there actually at Reed College where, where Steve Jobs went for five minutes. And, and it, you know, it's a very rigorous academic school. He has lots of work to do, as many colleges do. And he is one of those people who uses an iPad for pretty much everything for school. You know, it's, it's rare that he has a book. Most of them he just has either, you know, from the professor or just find a PDF of the book on his iPad. He uses notability or sometimes even notes with his Apple pencil. And like that is his, his schoolwork device unless he's on his laptop, right? And one thing he always hated was how difficult it was to tell his iPad not to bother him while he's using it, right? So do not disturb is sort of on iOS prior, this is prior to iOS 15. Do not disturb is sort of great for if your device is off, it not like waking up and, and disturbing you. But if you are using your device, notifications still appear, like all of those things just still happen. And you have to go into the preferences and, you know, or its settings rather and disable notifications and all of that stuff. And he said it was just this multi step process. So much so that he just left his iPad in do not notify me or bother me about anything ever mode because I use this as a tool and I need to stay focused. Well, you can bet that now that focus is a thing. Then he was like, this is amazing. And he created a focus for schoolwork and you do this on your iOS devices by going into settings and then go to focus. And they have a few created there for you. But then you can add more with the little plus sign in the corner and do, you know, whatever you want. But the, the, you know, the cool thing is there's so much granularity here. This, this does not feel like a gen one Apple feature. And if we think about its evolution from do not disturb, then really it isn't a gen one Apple feature. It's a, you know, it's a gen two or gen three even, depending on kind of how you, how you choose to look at the lineage. But you get to pick which people can notify you. You get to pick which apps can notify you. And even if you don't choose an app, you can also allow time sensitive notifications to come through, but only time sensitive notifications if you want. Right.  You can pick whether the home screen shows you things or not. This is helpful in sleep mode so that when you pick up your phone to check the time or something, you're not just seeing a laundry list of all your notifications. In fact, set up the right way, which is fairly easy in focus. Your notifications can change from being a push scenario to a poll scenario. Right. So that the notifications come in, but you are not actually notified of them until you go to notification center. And in notification center, you'll see a little grouping of here's all the notifications that you've missed. And then you can tap into that and pull them out and see them. So it becomes as far for me better scenario of managing when I'm going to triage these things. Because if I'm in, you know, if I'm trying to do something and I'm having to triage notifications as they show up, that can be really distracting. Hence the term focus. Right. So I created one for podcasting. And the only people I've allowed to text me when I'm in the podcasting group, and I desperately want this to sync with my Mac are my family and you, John and Shannon Jean, who I, with whom I co-host the business, small business show and Paul Kent with whom I co-host gig gap. Because if something happens in the show and you need to text me, I want to see it, but I don't want to see text from everybody else. So that level of granularity becomes super handy. And then this is even cooler. Like with the sleep focus. Oh, sorry, not with the sleep focus. I created one for reading. And I can have the reading focus automatically turn on whenever I launch specific apps. So the books app or the Kindle app or both apps can be on when, you know, for reading when it wants to come on. And it's really only when the app is in front. So, you know, you don't have to go and like quit the app in the background as soon as the app is no longer the front most app, the reading one goes away. And I noticed I set up a sleep one, John. I had used Apple sleep tracking in the past and it like the whole bedtime thing. And it was, I found it to be a disaster. It was far too limiting. You could only have one schedule and it had to have an alarm and all of this stuff. Now you can have a different schedule for every day. You can tell it not to wake you up with an alarm and it can automatically kick in and off at certain times and that sort of thing. And it does the whole like it automatically, you know, the preset hides your notifications and all that stuff, which is awesome. But I was in the sleep notification as I was reading before bed on my iPad last night. And of course, as soon as I brought up Kindle, the reading, you know, focus mode kicked in. And when I moved out of Kindle, I was curious what would happen. It moved back to sleep mode. So it didn't forget where it should be otherwise, which I thought was pretty cool. So I there's power here and it's really not a confusing thing to use. Hopefully, especially now that you've heard about someone else's use cases, mine won't be yours necessarily. But hopefully now that that helps. I don't know, have you messed with focus at all yet, John or no? No. Okay. But I'll tell you the thing I did mess with. Yes, sir. So I was pleasantly surprised. So I was out and about. And so I have an air tag in my car and I have an air tag on my keychain.  So it's funny. So I went to this one place, went inside, did my shopping and then got out and then looked at my phone and I got a notification, Dave. Time sensitive. John's Saturn left behind. The item is no longer detected near you. I'm like, that's pretty cool. That's good. Yeah. Right. So what you get now in the find my app. So for certain devices, and this is the key and it may apply to a question we'll have in a moment, but there's now a new field. Notify when, no, no, no, that's not it. Sorry. Let me find something here. Okay. Items. There we go. Okay. Notify when left behind. And normally it's on, except at one location. So it has a condition. And what it does by default is it knows your home. And so as long as the device stays there, you're not going to get this notification. I got this notification because the devices were not home. They were at some place else. And actually it gave the address of the place I was at, the stop and shop that I was at. Okay. So it's pretty neat. So it'll, and then I, and then exploring a question that we may or may not get to, I was like, well, will it work with my devices? And the answer is maybe. So when you say devices, you mean like your iPad or something like that? Correct. So anything. Yeah. So not an air tag, essentially, right? Right. Okay. Yeah. Because so you have two categories of things and find my or actually three categories. So there's people, devices, and items. So items are things that are air tag. Devices are your various computing devices. Yeah. This feature can be used with devices that have a cellular radio, which in my case is my phone and my iPad. And so what I did is I brought my iPad with me on the road. And I got the same alert saying, hey, your iPad's not home anymore. Here's the bad news. It does not work with Wi-Fi devices, which is kind of annoying. If you try to configure the feature, it'll just say not available. Right. Right. Huh. But here's the weird thing, Dave, is that because the device still knows where you are, like I have an iPod touch. Even on Wi-Fi, it knows where I am. It does some rudimentary geocoding. Or like if I go to Maps and I'm running my iPod touch and it's on Wi-Fi, it'll show me where I am. Right. So the capabilities there, I don't know why they excluded Wi-Fi only devices. I wonder, I mean, if it's not granular enough. That could be it. Right. If they did some testing and was like, oh wait, this is a disaster. Like this is going to notify people. People are going to get notification blindness. That's bad. You know, just don't let it happen. Oh, and you know, I think you're probably right on that. So at one point, I used the Strava program to map my bike rides. Yeah. But I tried to run it on my iPod touch. And it was funny. For the most part, it showed my path. But like at one point, it showed me like jumping across a lake. Right. Because there was no Wi-Fi. So it just extrapolated. Yeah. And then when I got Wi-Fi, again, it's like, oh, now you're here. Okay, I'll draw a line between the two of them. So yeah, it's probably that whatever. Yeah. It usually works for Maps if they know about the access point. That makes sense. That makes sense. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay. Okay. Yeah. But any feature. So if I wanted to know if somebody walked off with my iPad, then this would work. Right. So yet another reason to get a cellular radio in your iPad. Yes. Yeah. Thanks for reminding us. I mean, like that's yet another one. I like it. That's good. That's good. Cool. All right. While we still have time here. So let's jump to some questions, shall we? Did you have more on that one, John? I don't think there was anything really iOS 15 like. I mean, they changed Safari and that as well, though it wasn't as traumatic as I would think. So I gotta say, I'm really liking the having the URL bar at the bottom of my iPhone on iOS 15. It was jarring at first as we discussed when I was running the beta. Yeah. But I like it. Having the place where I am going to type be right above where my thumb is, it's freaking amazing. Yeah. And being able to swipe to different tabs. If you haven't tried that yet on iOS 15, just grab the URL bar at the bottom there and just swipe it kind of like you would to change apps with the home bar I guess that's what we're supposed to call it. But but yeah, you can swipe left or right. If you're at the end, it'll offer to add a new one for you. And which is a handy way. Actually, wow, that's a quick tip. I never even thought of that. If you want to go to a fresh browser window on iOS 15, just swipe the tab. If you're on the, you know, the final tab, the rightmost tab, swipe that to the left and then boom, you get the plus sign. You're right there. That's a good quick tip. I like this. I got to, I got to bake that into my muscle memory now. Okay. Okay. Yeah. Lots of 15s. It's good. All right. Yeah. Well, we're going to talk about another iOS 15 feature. I think we are. Yeah. You want to take us to Brent? Though I would say this maybe is uncool stuff found. So Brent says, like everyone, I just updated my iPhone 12 Pro to iOS 15. I'm also into photography and tend to save my edited JPEGs to my iCloud drive desktop on my Mac, which syncs with this iPhone. I just noticed that certain JPEGs that I try to open from iCloud drive on my iPhone will open the photo, but then almost immediately disappear and reappear rapidly for the, for a few seconds. And then I will see the live text button flash too. And then it seems to give up and just show the text title of the JPEG rather than the actual image. Not quite sure what's going on. Figure it's live text related. Not sure if it can't quite figure out that there's no text in certain photos. For when I could see there's not a way to turn off your, turn off live text to test if that's what's causing it. So you haven't dry iOS 15. They added a new feature that will basically OCR the text in your photos. And I tried it with one of mine and it works great.  So it's pretty neat feature that they, you know, just like quietly slid in there. Good news, bad news. The thing is you can disable it, Dave. So I got my Google Foo going. And I did find an article iOS 15, how to completely disable live text on iPhone and iPad. And in summary, settings, general language and region, live text. Oh, wow. Oh, nice find. Wow. Okay. Yeah. Here's good news, bad news. The good news is that you can turn it off. And I think he did get back to me and confirmed that yes, that is the problem. So Apple's got a wee little bug in their implementation, I guess. I'm seeing in this article that you have the ability to turn it off separately individually for both the photos and or in language and region, but then also separately for the camera. So if you want it on in the camera, but not in the other place, well, then you can, you can actually do that. It's, I mean, it's a little funky, but, but I, you know, I can see where you might want one and not the other. Yeah. Cool. All right. Moving on. Speaking of bugs, I think we got another one here. Okay. Orphan Patrick sent us a video, but I'm going to summarize what happens. So basically he's in mail app, he goes to the to field, he starts typing something and then it'll attempt to auto match to similar emails that begin with whatever you start typing. And I watched the video and it absolutely happens. So he wanted to, it, it selected one name and he's like, no, I don't want that one. So he clicked on another one. It shows you a list of possibilities, right? Yep. Yep. Right. And it's selected one and he's like, no, I don't want that one. So he clicked on another one. And what did it do? It put the one that he originally highlighted. Oh, so it in the field instead. It ignored his original guess. It ignored his click. Oh, huh. If he used the arrow keys to scroll up and down in that list, that worked. Yeah, I have seen this. There is in the latest build of Monterey, the latest beta build of Monterey, even choosing it with the arrow keys, like it works, but it doesn't get the, like it, it, once it shows you the list, the list never changes even if you keep typing, like after a certain point, there's something weird. Hopefully they'll fix that. I've reported it. But yeah, I have, I've seen this. I guess if I'm typing, my guess is that most Apple engineers, and therefore this is the reason that it hasn't been fixed yet, is if you're typing an email address, you're right there on the keyboard. So you're just going to go to the arrow keys and go down and select it and move on and it works great and everything's good. Jumping to the mouse is a different workflow and quite frankly, one that I find, you know, less efficient. So my guess is most people just don't do that, which is why it's not happening. So this is a, you're absolutely right, Patrick, and you're holding it wrong scenario. So yeah. Yeah, report it to Apple, see what happens. Yeah. In fact, you know what, I have my Monterey Mac right here. Let me, let me see if this issue still happens in Monterey. Do I mail open to Monterey? I don't. Oh, one thing that I confirmed. This is the reason that mail's not open. I wanted to see, you know, how we've talked about that our Macs, you know, we have our Macs set to reboot. We went into EnergySaver and set them to reboot once a week so that they, you know, don't get wonky. I wondered, because I noticed last night that my laptop was at like, was being a little wonky and it was at many days uptime or something. And I'm like, wait, I want to see, does it work? Even if it's not plugged in, even if it's folded up, closed in clamshell mode, and it absolutely does. So you go in and schedule it and, you know, I have it now restart every Friday at 4.18 a.m. And now I do have FileVault enabled on my laptop. So it doesn't just restart and bring everything back up. It restarts to the point where it has to ask me for my, you know, my password to let it back in. But that's just how that works. All right. So here I am in mail in Monterey. I start typing. Oh, let's see. My muscle memory is already there. I started using my fingers. So now I go and do this. Ah, it works. It is fixed in Monterey, Patrick. Good news. Yes. All right. So they're working on it. They got you, man. That's good. At least in the current beta of Monterey. I can't speak to what the release will have, obviously. It's not my decision. While we're on the subject of mail, listener Ollie has an issue. He says, I use Apple Mail and recently got a new position. So I changed my signature for my emails. All went well for a few days and then changed back. I changed it several times since and even added a new signature, but it always changes back after a few days and removes the new ones. How do I fix this and stop getting caught? So mail signatures are one of those things that are synced with iCloud. And so if it keeps coming back, this tells me that there is an iCloud issue and a syncing issue. And the way to solve those is to go to another device, try editing them on a different Mac and see if you can make a change over there. Clearly something is causing iCloud to say, I know the truth and that computer is wrong. Let me fix it. And you need to convince iCloud that that truth is the actual truth. And sometimes it just means going to a different Mac and trying it that way. So hopefully you have a second Mac connected to iCloud. I don't think you can edit the same signatures in iOS, right? I mean, there are signatures there. Maybe they, maybe they sync, you know, let me, I don't think they do though. Let me look at David and Red Fast Mail. Okay, great. Advanced. No, no, signatures on iPhone are still saster. No, no bueno. It should be, but it's not there. Yeah, it's different. Okay. I was hopeful that they maybe changed that in iOS 15 and I had missed it. They have not. So you try this on another Mac, right? Could you do it in iCloud? Are those signatures available in iCloud.com slash mail? I don't think they would be because not all mail is iCloud, right? And so it really is just syncing Mac to Mac. You could, huh, if you go in, so this is going to get, this is going to get ugly real fast, but if you go into home library on your Mac and go into mail and then go into the v8 folder, assuming you're on Big Sur, in the mail data folder there, you will see a signatures folder and within that you will see lots and lots of little mail signature files and then also accounts map and all signatures. You could try taking everything, like make a zip file, a zip folder, you know, compress this so that it is saved and untouchable or mostly untouchable and put it somewhere else and then quit mail and erase this folder, bring it back in, see what it brings in, and then maybe you can make a change and it will, you know, actually push that change through, but keep your backups because things could get ugly real fast. So hopefully you have another Mac and you can just make a change there and that will cause things. I don't know. What do you think, John?  Well, this is like a very, very, you know, targeted Nuke and Pave, right? So yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I mean, yeah. I mean, yeah, I was going to say the other way you could do it is just go into your signatures and copy each of them out and paste it into a text edit document so that you actually have them in text form that you could simply paste back in and that might also help. So yeah, signatures are one of those weird things that get wonky. I've had signature syncing problems in the past and it's like anything with iCloud, right? Like when it works, it's just fantastic. And then when it doesn't work, getting iCloud to reset its syncing is super difficult. So. Right, right. And speaking of wonky, Dave. Yes, sir. Let's go to Andrew and maybe prevent some wonkiness. All right. I'm in. Sure. All right. Andrew says, I recall but cannot confirm the time machine backup external SSD should be formatted as APFS case sensitive. Is this correct? And if not, what is the optimal formatting for an external SSD? Well, Dave, let's ask Apple. Okay. Apple says in their support article called types of disks you can use with time machine on Mac. Yeah. Their recommendation is APFS or APFS encrypted. Okay. They mentioned some other ones like macOS extended, macOS extended case sensitive. Yeah. And xan. And they mentioned a few other things like don't use SMB. So to prevent, I don't know, any time I hear case sensitive, what immediately follows is usually a problem. Do you have a time machine, a direct attached time machine drive? Yes. And I formatted them as APFS. Check what it is. My guess is that it is now case sensitive because I'm pretty sure when time machine grabs hold of a volume to use for time machine, it makes it case sensitive. I think that's a pretty normal thing. It can take anything, but I'm pretty sure it turns it into case sensitive. And that was one of Andrew's follow-ups, because he was like, okay, he's like, because I noticed that my external SSD that I use for time machine is formatted as APFS case sensitive. And I know that I never did this, but I'm pretty sure. And this has gone back even to the HFS plus days that time machine always wanted to be case sensitive. Uh, looking at my direct connected, but not mounted, but it shouldn't need to. So I'm looking in- No, you'd have to mount it to see what the volume is, right? Well, no, I mean, it shows them to me anyways. Oh, okay. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. But here's SanDisk SSD. Yeah. GUID partition map. Then I go to the container type APFS, but I manually formatted my drives. Huh. Before I tied them to time machine. Interesting. So maybe that's why I don't know. Interesting. What happens if you mount it? Like, I'm just curious if it, like, if when you mount it, it shows up as case sensitive, because I really, I thought that was just a thing. I had some, some memory somewhere that, that, um, I don't have any direct attached time machine volume. So I, I cannot. APFS system volume, APFS data volume container. No, it says APFS container. Wait, you wouldn't have a system volume and a data volume for time machine. Is this time machine or carbon copy cloner? Oh, I'm sorry, carbon, carbon copy cloner. Totally different app. Yep. Right. So we're talking about time machine here. Yeah. Time machine, I'm pretty sure will, will make direct attached volumes case sensitive. Okay. Yeah. You may be right. Yeah. It always has and, and it seems like even with APFS, that's still the case. So yeah, because time machine would not do a, a system volume backup, right? Like it's not doing a clone. That's just backing up your data. Yeah. So yeah, I think that's pretty normal, Andrew. I don't think, I don't think you've got anything to worry about. But I would like you, John, I would start with what Apple recommends, which is just straight up APFS and let it do whatever it's going to do to that volume, because it's going to do whatever it wants anyway. So, but yeah, I wouldn't start with case sensitive, just in case there's ever a change, but, but yeah, for now. Yeah, yeah, yeah. All right. Where are we here? What do we have left? You want to take us to Andrew, John? I like that one. I like it a lot. I know I'm jumping around the agenda, mixing things up, calling audibles left and right. That's how it's going to be. All right. Andrew says, Hey, John and Dave, I almost got caught and have a solution. I was filing away some text documents and PDFs from my desktop into subfolders there, created for such things like that on my startup drive. However, I run a clone on my startup drive to an external SSD using carbon copy cloner every day and being a good Mac, my machine automatically indexes the external SSD. I then use spotlight to find the folders I was looking for instead of first navigating to the folder directly. That's why I got caught. Spotlight found the folder on my cloned external SSD. I then copied the files over to it, which is no bueno, because the next day those files would have been deleted because they were not on the source volume anymore. Yeah. The tip off is, is as easy to fix this problem. Open system preferences, spotlight, choose the privacy tab and include any clone drives or other drives that might cause this issue. Of course, you won't be able to use spotlight to search those volumes, but that's fine in this case. I suppose I could have used CCC safety net feature, but that is just to feel safe and I prefer not to. Yeah. And I've run into this in the past. Here's how you can avoid this.  I find telling, so what I do on both my machines is as soon as carbon copy cloner is done, I go to, they have a post-flight section. So I go to post-flight, destination volume, unmount the destination volume. So it'll kick the drive out as soon as it's done. Smart. I think that's really smart. It should be default in my humble opinion. The potential for disaster by leaving the clone drive there, I don't think the Macs ever really happy about that. No, it's not. Yeah. Remember, a clone is not something a Mac is used to seeing. We just talked about that, like we had a time machine versus a clone. That's not part of Apple's thing. And in fact, we're seeing Apple catering to that less and less. We are entering a world where clones, Apple doesn't seem to think they're necessary and is even making it more and more difficult to do them. So we may be a year or two from now. We might be like, yeah, we're not doing clones anymore. I will say this, I agree with you 100% and I have carbon copy cloner ejected, but I also wanted ejected before carbon copy cloner runs the first time after reboot and my drives always want to mount at boot up. So I wrote a little Apple script and in my Apple script and I will put the text of this Apple script in my in the show notes just so you have it. But I have it. I have this Apple script in my login items so that it fires up every time my Mac starts up. Do this. Yeah. And so the Apple script is is four lines. It is delay and then 15. So I do a 15 second delay just so you know, the other things can like settle and then the script runs.  And then it's do shell script. And the shell script is a disc util on mount command. And it's really just disc util on mount and then the path to the volume. And so I'll put an example of a volume drive name. But what you're doing is is looking for dash clone or, you know, whatever the clones name is. And then the fourth line is simply end to try. So the the shell script line is in the middle of in between try and end to try so you've got this little thing sandwiched in there. And it's fantastic. So the script will be in the show notes. You can edit it to your heart's delight. And then you just save it in script editor as an application so that it can run natively, you know, without needing to like run script editor and click the run button runs as an application. And then I, I have them synced to all my Macs, but obviously I have to change it for each Mac. And so I just have a bunch of them, but I just edit it. And that's it. So yeah, it's awesome. It's it's it's there are other solutions for this. And I know we're going to get emails about other ways of unmounting a drive. But but you know, that's that's my way. So there you go. Yeah. As a bonus tip, yeah, man, if in spotlight, you find something and you want to know where it is, hold down the command key. Really? I didn't know that. Yeah, try it. It'll show the full path to the file that is highlighted. Really? So that could also save you. All right. Documents. So I oh, I have to highlight it. So I have to like go down with the thing and then highlight. Okay. Oh, look at that. I love this show. I learned so much every time I listen. Man, this is great. Look at that. Huh. And you know, so that could have helped in this case. Yeah, for sure. What's interesting is like a documents icon. When I do that, I have a CSV document, right? And when I highlight, when I hold down the command key, that the icon changes from like the little text thing to the finder, but clicking it doesn't like I thought maybe it would reveal it in the finder. I can't find a way to do that. No pun intended. All right. Well, now we've learned way more than our five things. So we got to get out of here before before we get ourselves into trouble. I think John fun stuff. That's a great tip, man. It's good. How did you learn that one? I guess it's always my question with these things. Like, how do you find it? I think I probably just accidentally hit the command key when I was in spotlight. Oh, my God. Look at that. Something, something happened. It's freaking brilliant. I love it. Love it. Oh, man. All right. That's what we got for today. Thanks for hanging out with us. Thanks for subscribing. Make sure you are subscribed to the show so that you get the episodes in your podcatcher of choice. Of course, you can go to macgeekup.com. We try to make it super easy for you. Subscribe to the email too, so that you get the show notes. We go nuts with the show notes every week, folks. We put all the links in there and more. And then also in your podcatcher, like while you're listening, we chapterize everything. So we put timestamps in front of stuff. So if we're in a segment that you're not interested in, like right now, if you just want to get to the end of the show, you can skip to the end of the show. But also, if you want to go back to the previous segment and hear John's great tip again, you just go back. And seriously, try it. It's going to change your life. Try it for me just once. We talked about doing a lot of different things in this episode because of iOS 15. This is something that's been there for a decade plus. In fact, more than a plus. Like almost two decades. But it's really a cool thing. So yeah, check it out. Check out those chapters. We slave over them. We make sure that we get them in there and we get them right. So. All right, folks, thanks for hanging out. Thanks for listening. Make sure you check out our sponsors. Get quip.com slash M G G other world computing, of course, at max sales.com. You can go to make it up.com slash sponsors. If you want to see everything there.  Do I know when you got us into this, I'm going to get us out of this the way that I get us out of these things. Everybody's, everyone should not get