When the narcissist meets someone bigger and badder, when they meet someone who displays a greater sense of importance, someone who is more influential, someone who is more enthusiastic, someone who is more capable, but also a person who is more vicious and aggressive in behavior, than they are. When the narcissist meets a person like this, they will immediately feel intimidated by them. It will impress them so much that they become silent and inhibited. It will stop them in their tracks because they don't know how to respond to this type of situation. They don't know how to deal with someone who is bigger and badder, so it will intimidate them and in this type of situation. You may even see the narcissist becoming submissive. They may be willing to conform to their authority. They may be obedient and passive. They may be compliant and accommodating because they're forced to accept that the dealer was someone who is bigger and badder than they are. In some situations, they may even admire and seem to respect this person. It may seem like they look up to them, but really, they just see them as an object. They just see them as something that they can use to benefit themselves. They don't really admire or respect them, although it may look that way. They just admire their achievements, qualities and skills, which is why they will try to steal it from them. They will steal everything that makes this person who they are because they can see they get a lot of attention and admiration, which is what the narcissist wants for themselves, but they don't want to do the work to be something for real. So instead, they will just be that person right now. They will imitate their mannerisms and characteristics because they want to emulate this person. They want to model their success but it isn't real. They're just a second-rate version of someone else, but the narcissist doesn't really care. They're not concerned with authenticity. As long as they can get people to believe it, that's good enough for them. All they care about is their image because their image affects how they see themselves. But when the narcissist meets someone bigger and badder, they will often become submissive. They won't seem so loud and aggressive. They will be more willing to listen and understand this person's views. And in that moment, they may actually seem quite normal. When a narcissist is about to receive something of value, something that can benefit them, they will seem like normal people because they're anticipating what's to come. When the narcissist meets someone bigger and badder, they will hang on to every word. They will listen very carefully to what they're saying and it may seem like they admire or respect them. But deep down, the narcissist may actually be very envious and jealous of this person. They may feel like they're still in the spotlight. Which they feel so entitled to. But because this person may also be more vicious and more aggressive than the narcissist, they're not going to take them down directly. The narcissist is not going to willingly put themselves in a dangerous situation. They're cowards. They run from danger. But they will plot behind the scenes to take this person down. They will spread rumors about them, while acting like they care about them. They will do whatever it takes to turn to the reputation because they're envious and jealous of them. They will steal whatever they deem to be valuable from them, whatever qualities or characteristics they decide to have. But then they will become very bitter and resentful towards this person. They will want to take them down because they hate the feeling of someone being superior to them. They don't like how that feels. The narcissist has to be the best. They have to be the winner.  So that they can feel more comfortable. So that they can feel better about themselves. But they will not confront them directly. Narcissists can be delusional. But sometimes they just force a submit to a superior force. So sometimes they may just make passive aggressive comments about this person. But they won't go all out to take them down. They will just accept defeat.  Because they realise that they're fighting a losing battle. They realise that this is one fight they cannot win. So they will hide in the shadows. Or they will pursue some other agenda. Because they're forced to accept that they've met someone bigger and better than they are. Thank you for watching. I hope this video resonate with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. If you would like to donate, my payable link is in the video description. Cooked inquiries. You can email me at cookedinatmalaxifiver.uk. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


Hi, and welcome to pioneering open source at the CFPB. My name's Adam Scott. I'm the web development lead at the CFPB. I'll be joined by my colleagues, Eric Spry, who's our HUMDA operations lead, Jennifer Lasser, who's our program operations lead, and Tim Lambert, who's a senior counsel in the Office of Fair Lending and Equal Opportunity. The CFPB is a government agency formed after the 2008 financial crisis, and we were tasked with regulating and providing education for consumer financial products in the United States. Looking at a new government agency, that's not something that happens very often. So we really had an opportunity to set forward a vision and motivation for technology that's modern and innovative. And a big part of that was thinking about how we would integrate open source into the Bureau's mission. And so we set forth in those early days with some vision and motivation for that to use and create open source software that would help us accomplish our mission effectively and efficiently. We also thought that since the Bureau uses government resources to create source code, we should provide access to the public to that creation. We also believe that open source code provides a public window into how a government agency fulfills its mission to the public and that sharing code could make our products better by allowing us to receive and incorporate feedback from the public. So we set forth with that the Bureau opened stores in 2011 and less than a year later in April of 2012 released a source code policy along with our first two open source code repositories. Six days after releasing those two open source code repositories, we received our first pull request from a member of the public. It was a simple typo fix, which is a frequent first pull request. But it was the first time that a government agency had accepted a pull request from a member of the public. So it felt really groundbreaking and exciting that we were onto something. And so in those early days, we took this initial approach to open source where we would develop source code in a closed environment. And then we'd thoroughly vet that source code and then potentially release it publicly. So that's what we saw with those first two repositories. But in the spring of 2013, our team had grown and we really saw an opportunity to start developing in the open. So to provide that transparency and that vision from the start of our projects so that we can encourage that public collaboration, communication throughout the development process. And you can see here, this is our first project that was developed in the open. And in parallel with that, we also started to move our existing source code to the open. So we formed an open source working group. That working group defined a checklist for migrating internal source code to our public GitHub. And you can see here I've linked to that checklist. We've made that available. And we worked to move our repositories to GitHub.com one by one. We worked with the maintainers of those repositories or that open source working group. And that brings us to our approach today where we really work in a way that's open source by default. So rather than develop and close and make exceptions where we develop in the open, we really aim to develop in the open from the start as much as possible. The lifecycle for that code looks like this. We develop our code. A developer makes a pull request to integrate that code into our code base. And when that happens, we run a lot of automated checks, both publicly on GitHub but also internally that check things for security and code quality through linting and tests. We also require a manual review. So we do the automated checks but also a full-time developer on our team does a review of the code. And then finally, we deploy and release that code. And this cycle can happen several times a day. So this is something that's an ongoing process on our team. Now, even though we aim to release things as open source by default, there are exceptions. Sometimes the code is just too crude. It's intended to be a prototype or something that we're doing testing on. Other times we may not have the open source rights to do something. A license doesn't permit us to release it as open source. So other times there may be some law regulatory requirements that forbid it or there's security risks by releasing something as open source. But these really are the exceptions to the rule. By and large, the vast majority of our work is able to be released in the open. And today we really have taken a varied approach to open source. So we've really looked at making this a core part of the way we do development and release information through technology. So we have 299 open source code projects on our public GitHub at this time. And that includes large projects like our public website or the HUMDA filing platform, which my colleague Eric will speak about shortly. We also have things like cross government initiatives such as interactive regulations, which we've created and have been forked and used by other government agencies. We also look to build general purpose projects where we're building something for our own use and we think that could be extracted and used by the larger open source community. One example is our flag library, Jango Flags. And we also look to use open source outside of traditional code models. So one example is our models for disclosure notices, which are regulatory requirement. And they help businesses more easily comply with our rules. So we release those notices on GitHub and they're available for the industry to take and use and build upon. And then we invest in open source. So members of the CFA development team participate and are encouraged to contribute to open source products that we use. For example, Wagtail, which is the content management system that our website uses. Two members are our development team. We're on the core platform team for Wagtail. And many members of our development team have contributed back to the Wagtail ecosystem. With that, I'll pass it to my colleague Eric Spry, who can talk a little bit about the HUMDA platform and how we've leveraged open source in that platform. Thank you, Adam. It's really fascinating to introduce our open source policies. And then now I'd like to talk about how we've applied those policies to a program. The HUMDA operations program, HUMDA for short, is the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, which requires certain lenders to disclose who they are lending to and under what terms. The HUMDA platform is a regulatory reporting system that collects stores and publishes this information. I'm excited to share a bit about how we developed this platform in the open and why it matters to the open source community. So platform development process. The HUMDA platform was developed in-house at the CFPB with an eye towards the future of regulation technology. By studying pain points that the lending industry had with an older process, we developed a web-based application based on insight from filers. The ideas that came out of our early studies resulted in a pilot application in 2015, a kind of first draft of the HUMDA filing application. The platform had an ambitious goal to use the bleeding-edge technology of 2015 that we hoped would be state-of-the-art by the time we went into production in January of 2018. That strategy worked out and I'll talk a little bit more about that later. Ultimately, the work of my team has been informed by the engagements we've had with our public stakeholders and with industry. Open source development. One of the principles we follow is transparency in a code we write, as Adam outlined. This is part of our showing our work and hopefully sharing back to our stakeholders. The open source code can be used by interested parties to recreate the entire HUMDA platform locally, test our code and offer opportunities to suggest improvements. I'm very proud to say that a number of contributions from outside CFPB have become part of the HUMDA platform. For example, in the first production rollout of the platform, someone in the lending industry took a look at our code and realized they could make a suggested change to add a new helpful validation endpoint. That showed up as a GitHub pull request. My developers reviewed the suggestions, made a few tweaks and incorporated it into our platform. Another example, we had a bug in checking for a certain loan status flag. Our code had reversed a logical operator for a min-max values deep in the code base causing a problem for a few of our customers. One of our industry stakeholders had been digging through the documentation and found the inconsistency in the program code and submitted a GitHub issue. This is a very cool catch because the fix was quick and rapidly deployed as an update to the production system. What I often tell folks when I meet with the financial or compliance industry is bring your technical people so we can talk about APIs and code. API driven architecture. APIs are important to a lot of the lending industry in their compliance software and to people who study the lending industry. We have great documentation on how to use our APIs and how to integrate HUMDA resources into compliance checking process. Much of that documentation has been improved based on industry feedback via GitHub issues, pull requests and help desk tickets. The HUMDA filing API allows you to work with every stage of the HUMDA filing process, same as the web application. The public API is a good one for compliance checks because you don't have to use a specific user ID or log in so it doesn't require a token. The HUMDA data browser APIs, our data publisher allows you to use filtered and aggregated data along with CSV exports that can allow you to build an entire data analysis pipeline without the burden of ETL of the tens of millions of HUMDA records. Other tools also live in the same platform ecosystem and provide robust APIs for the industry to use in their systems. Technology forward. I spoke earlier about starting years back with bleeding edge technology so we could be closer to the state of the art in production. Some of those important technical elements have been container based microservices. This allows us to scale the platform in the right way and update specific services without causing downtime in others. As a team dedicated to the HUMDA platform, my team focuses on continuous improvement and optimization and tweaks code to make it better all the time. One of the ideas that we started with the whole program at the beginning was to connect the regulation with our code where possible. The domain specific language we developed for HUMDA is one such step. There's a lot of innovation happening across industry now that takes this idea even further. Stakeholder engagement. Lastly, I'll share that user testing, engaging with public and industry stakeholders and making improvements based on feedback are core to the way we like to work. A few examples. We heard from compliance vendors that they wanted a way to test their HUMDA systems, so we created a beta platform for them that's open year round for their testing and continuous compliance checks. Our help desk noted that users were finding certain error messages confusing, so we improved error messages to be more descriptive and clear. We've improved our user guides based on user feedback. We also heard from a large mortgage wholesaler that a full file validator would be very valuable to them, so we wrote one and published it. And lastly, we heard from all of our customers how the first production filing season went and asked them for a ways to improve our system. Based on that feedback, we wrote a lot of our code and improve the performance of the system. We accept feedback and suggestions for the HUMDA platform through industry contacts via HUMDA help at CFPB.gov or for your technically minded folks through GitHub poll requests and issues. We learn a lot by engaging with our customers and incorporate their suggestions and updates to improve the HUMDA platform. By sharing our code and connecting to our stakeholders, we have been able to make the HUMDA technology better together. Jen. Thank you, Eric. Continuing on the path of open source and innovation at the Bureau, I'm delighted to share details on the CFPB's newly christened text sprint program. As many of you are aware, financial regulators have a unique convening power to shape the direction of innovation, both in technology and where wider issues persist in the market. Following in the footsteps of the UK's Financial Conduct Authority success, the Bureau has adopted the text sprint as a key element in our innovation toolkit. In brief summary, as I'm sure many of you are already aware, but in this context, text prints are referred to as a typically two to five day event that bring together a wide range of subject matter experts from across and outside of financial services to develop technology based ideas or proof of concepts that address specific industry or policy challenges. As many of you also are already aware, the text print can take on several forms, traditional hackathon style preformed team hackathons and independent work competitions to name a few. In all cases, the participants are expected to show actionable ideas to an evaluation panel that have innovated on the presented challenge. During a data driven agency, it was only right that the first step to kicking off the text print program was a public request for information in fall of 2019. This request was valuable in many ways, but especially helpful engaging interest from the public and collaborating with the Bureau in this manner and identifying relevant topics for the Bureau's first sprints. By June 2020, the Bureau announced the first set of sprints and release their corresponding problem statements and set out to execute the inaugural sprint on October 5th through 9th. Summer was operations heavy with planning and recruitment efforts. We had several adjustments to the sprint as you can imagine that mirrored the world shifting to a fully remote status. Inside those planning efforts, the Bureau pulled heavily from the previously mentioned work of the Financial Conduct Authority, as well as a meticulously written text print manual released by the Alliance for Innovative Regulation, otherwise known as AIR. This manual was a companion how to to the FCA's efforts and in true open source spirit, those documents are available for anyone's use on airs website. On October 5th through 9th, we did execute our first sprint virtual I should note, including 13 teams comprised of various representatives from industry community groups, academics and technologists and globally located. The interest in terms of volume of applicants was well beyond what we had anticipated. I have several hypotheses for why that happened, but one of the stronger strongest drivers in my opinion was the recruitment effort made on behalf of the Bureau's markets and innovations teams. They were diligent in making phone calls for pre registration to validate both the problem statement and the value in companies collaborating with the Bureau in this way. We had most applicants come as pre formed team, a sign of the remote collaboration I believe, though we allowed for about 15 individuals to form their own teams the week prior to the sprint so I think traditional hackathon style team formation. And some of those folks also joined existing teams. Again, I believe the summertime calls helps at the stage for the expectations that teams should be multi discipline. And as a result, we saw most pre formed teams comprised of multiple companies and various subject matter expertise. It was truly impressive. During the week, the team sprinted independently with a 30 minute touch point back to the Bureau. This was an adjustment made to accommodate the virtual setting. We anticipated most participants would still be working across the week, different than in person execution of course, and that seemed to be accurate. In terms of preparation for the week we did a one hour kickoff the week prior to the sprint and allowed for team formation and problem statement conversations to occur via slack across that week as well. We also provided a text sprint toolkit with additional reading resources such as mock adverse action notices and recommended not endorsed a particularly relevant open source data set and model while also encouraging teams to use proprietary or other open source data sets and models. Friday was a traditional demonstration day and we convened an evaluation panel that asked questions and scored the demonstrations based on three categories, creativity, effectiveness and market readiness. The day included opening remarks from CFPB director Craninger and a keynote speech from Nick cook director of innovation at the FCA. We're in the midst of post sprint work, the hardest and most rewarding steps in the process in my opinion. These follow up steps include one on one deep dive meetings between Bureau staff and participating teams. Internal Bureau discussions around the innovations and their potential relationship to future bull making efforts, potential applications for the Bureau's trial disclosure program, and in some instances, innovations are already gearing up to go to market. We hope to have tangible progress through in all of these areas to report back on in the following months. The Bureau has several sprints in the queue for 2021. Our first as you can see will be held 20 March 22 through 26 and focused on the HUMDA platform you heard my colleague Eric's prize speak to earlier. I encourage everyone that is interested to go to consumer finance dot gov fill out a request for information for this sprint will be starting outreach within the next six to eight weeks and welcome everyone that wants to be involved into that process. So my turn back to you. So hopefully you've got a sense of the value and benefits we've experienced through our open source programs both the general practice, as well as how it's applied to our HUMDA program as one specific example, and also how we're taking that to and building on it with our text prints. So those initial benefits that we explored we've seen them play out we've seen that this provides an opportunity for our industry stakeholders to adopt shared code and build directly to our regulatory specific specifications. It's allowed the public and industry to review our source code suggest changes and make improvements. It's also been a signal to advanced financial technologists that we understand modern technology and development and are able and willing to collaborate. We've supported advocates academia students researchers by offering our free open access to our software and design work. And finally, it's enabled this cross agency collaboration, and really given us a jumpstart on on our work so we've been able to share our work with other government agencies and build on the work of our partners in government. This is just one step on our journey you can see we've come a long way in the past several years but there's a long way to go so I encourage you to reach out. If you're a part of this open source journey within your organization you'd love to talk and hear more about your experience and share around. Thank you. Thank you.


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Hey guys, what's up? It's Kinsey and welcome back to my channel today's video I'm gonna be talking all about my favorite topic, which is skin care I have gathered around like pretty much my top use products A lot of these are completely empty or like my fifth refill or whatever it is. Um, I Absolutely love skincare. It's my favorite thing in the world I will say most of these are a good bit of these are not drugstore actually Um, none of them are drugstore. Sorry guys, but skin care is something that like I absolutely love and Companies are also like constantly sending me stuff to try out. So anyways, this is kind of like a skincare favorites video If you guys want to see a skincare routine video, let me know I don't really have like a solid routine right now, honestly, which is kind of bad But I've just been using a bunch of things. Other than you guys also want to see it like my everyday really easy No makeup look. I like use serums and like brush out my eyebrows and put lip balm on I feel like that's almost too easy Maybe I'll do it as an Instagram story. So follow my Instagram. If you guys are new here I would love if you guys subscribe. Anyways, we're gonna get started. I'm gonna start off with face cleansers I have two that I really love and these are probably my two favorite face cleansers of every year The first one is the Glam Glow Galactic Cleans Hydrating Jelly Balm Cleanser. This stuff smells Absolutely incredible. I've never smelled anything better in my life. Literally. I wish this was a candle glam Go, please make this a candle. It smells amazing. I love the feel of it It just it's cool. It's a black cleanser, but it's just it's so great and it makes your skin feel amazing I'm a huge fan of glam. Oh, this is a hole. I love their face mask. I love their moisturizers They've really good stuff. But anyways, yeah, this is my favorite cleanser from them. It is so good I highly recommend and then okay. This is one of my favorite brands ever So I don't know how I can't pronounce it. Is it law or Nixon? I'm gonna say law and extend just because I think that it is all a law Henderson, I'm sorry. I'm just don't know the face the truth gel cleanser Amazing. I got this because I love the truth serum I don't have that with me right now, but that's like one of my favorite serums ever It's a vitamin C serum brights up your face a ton. It smells amazing as well One of the best serums I've ever used in my life. That's kind of the serum. How many things can I say? Serum my gosh, that's the one that got me on to all the other ones. They're so freakin good Anyways, I got this in a set with the truth serum for Christmas or something and it is Amazing. This is like just yeah, you can't go wrong with anything from the truth line I think they're all amazing. I want to try out more products from them I really only tried this in the serum, but I've only heard amazing things and I'm a huge fan This stuff smells amazing. I'm a huge fan of the brand. It's amazing from here. I'm just gonna do moisturizer Okay, honestly, I'm not using a ton of moisturizers right now Just because I'm on the serum kick and I just have so much stuff on my face already I'm constantly putting moisturizers on but I'm just like really serum hydrating focus. I don't think I've gone without like a moisturizer One day in my life since like the seventh grade that is my oh like there's no way I'm not moisturizing my face I just doesn't make sense to me. It's just not happening. I'm literally just not gonna do it so anyway, it's what I think said this is a Moisturizing products a lot of these are moisturizing products. That's kind of what anyways it is the glam glow dream duo overnight transforming treatment Absolutely amazing. I'm like completely out.  They also have a moisturizer. I actually thought this is a moisturizer They have a moisturizer. That's I'll also have that link down below. It smells amazing I'm forgetting the name right now, but I'm gonna have everything linked down below That moisturizer is the best moisturizer you'll ever use it smells amazing It makes your skin look so healthy and so glowy. It is literally the best thing ever and it just smells so good I don't know why I keep talking about how it's skin product smell, but they just smell amazing huge fan Next thing I have is a drunk elephant. I have the proteiny pep tie polypeptide cream Strengthen and moisturize. This is like a really cool See I just did that and it's just gonna okay. Sorry.  I'm a huge fan of drunk elephant. You guys are about to see so much of their stuff Next thing I have this is from bio clarity. It's the hydrate skin smoothie. It has flora lax argan olive This is a green base like hydration Gel moisturizer basically, but I love green based products because I have a lot of redness in my skin like right here And right here there's redness So any time I can have anything green green cancels out red and it's amazing So I also love the facial cleanser that was in this like there's a trio line But I'm out of that and I actually threw it away because I forgot that I was gonna film this video But yeah, it's amazing this stuff really calms down my skin. It soothes my skin and it's really good I really like bio clarity. It's a really great line. This is technically a mask, but it's the moisturizing moon mask So this is the soothing face treatment. I will just like put this on as like an overnight treatment Like I'll just leave it on my skin. It's really great. I really like glossy stuff.  It's not for me. I love their lip products though And I love a few I actually do really like glossy eye, but I don't like their serums But I do like this moisturizing moon mask a ton as far as like body and like I'm not whatever I'm just gonna tell you this is not like skincare technically But I do like the body duo as well like the shower gel and the lotion I love that stuff. So I really do like a lot of their stuff. I just don't like the serums. This is amazing I leave it on like overnight sometimes when she said his mask I used it a ton around times when I'm traveling because planes dry your skin. It's awesome. Okay, the next thing that I have I'm not putting a ton of face mask in this because Well one a lot of them I'm out of I have every single glow one. I love those I absolutely love Origins face mask as well. And I also what else is the other one that I love. Oh fresh I love fresh, but I've literally used all of them and I threw them all away Like I have gone through so many face masks so you're looking for face masks Glenguo Origins and fresh especially fresh honestly like I'm a huge fan of all their stuff Anyways, um first day beauty and I still throw back. I feel like I used to talk about them all the time I love the skin rescue purifying mask with red clay This goes on as a liquid and then it dries and then you peel it off It's super fun to peel but this clears my skin up in like one use It is so good I used to swear by this mask in high school and I like forgot about it and then I got into the drawer and I was like Oh my gosh, I should use this so it's amazing. I love it I've had like ten of these really big fan it clears your skin really great Oh, this is minimizes pores control oil and mattify. That's amazing I'm also looking for things that minimize pores so if you guys have any tips Let me know I mentioned this and like get ready with me I'm not sure if it's up yet, but I feel like my skin like my pores I've just gotten so big and I need them to just not you know, so look it up. Okay, I'm gonna get into serum It's my favorite topic The first one that I'm gonna be talking about is Sunday Riley's rapid flash brightening serum I realize that this is expensive. A lot of these are like a little bit higher in pricing It's not like La Mer though, you know, so it's not that bad But this stuff I just started using this recently and wow like it brightens up your skin Like nothing is ever brightened up your skin I don't know how to describe it like I put it on like my before and after from when I use this serum is Unbelievable like I I can't even explain it to you like your skin is just so healthy and glowy looking and like really bright I know it says that it does that like it really really really does that So if that's what you're looking for like tried out splurge Maybe get a sample or something like this stuff is so so good The rest of this is gonna be drug elephant. So I had these three for my day serum I'm actually completely out of these. I need refills on every single thing that I own drug elephant right now It's really bad, but yeah, I have a C firma day serum I really just like vitamin C serums as in general basically Because it really brightens up your skin and that's kind of like what I'm looking for when I'm looking for like a nice serum You know this stuff is amazing. I'm just a huge fan. I've been using this for like Probably like four or five months now and I've been loving it. I also have this be hydra intensive Hydration gel from drunk elephant. I also love this stuff does what it says hydrates your skin I use this a lot. I use this a lot at night I will say the drunk elephant like the pink one that's the night serum that everyone is like that's their holy grail drunk elephant product For some reason, I'm not obsessed with it I like it, but it just doesn't work on me as well as it works on everyone else But people love that so maybe try it out. Maybe it's just me. I'm not really sure Now onto my holy grail drunk elephant product. It's the virgin marula luxury facial oil I've gotten like boys hooked on this guys. This makes your skin look so beautiful It's a very like thick oil that you just put on but don't let that like scare you like it's not like too thick and crazy To where it's like messing in gross It's like just the right amount and it really gives you this beautiful glow and it's very hydrating very healthy looking I feel like that's what I say about every single product But you're gonna get anything from drunk elephant This would be the thing that I would definitely recommend the most but I put this on normally like on top of this serum and it's amazing I love it. We're gonna talk about some facial sprays I love these if you guys watch my vlogs and constantly like just spraying my face with random things I have this rose water and glycerin a classic soothing and pure skin lotion you can trust This is just a like rose water. I realize a lot of people don't like these and like that's fine I actually really like the products, but I use this a lot of night I'll just spray my face and it just feels like amazing. Oh, I love it and then I just have these I'll spray these just throughout the day to freshen up my skin. It's the more of a scale Basically, it's just their sprays. So this one is the facial spray with aloe cucumber and green tea again I just really gravitate towards green things at meetups. You guys are so cute like this summer on tour I think like I literally got like 20 of these small bottles So it's awesome.  This one is like the newer one They also have like a pink color and this is the facial spray with aloe, chamomile and lavender This one's super calming. So I will just like spray this throughout the day really breathe it in. It's such a good experience I really like the experiences of it and it does freshen up your face. I'm a huge fan I use these literally all the time. I also know that they like a lot of people don't like them But I really like them So that's not okay onto random products. Let's let's talk random So I have the drunk elephant TLC Baby facial this stuff is insane You basically just put this on for 20 minutes, then you take it off and like your skin It's a facial your skin feels so soft And it just like takes everything bad off of my skin like really quickly so I'm a huge fan of this I only do this like I think you're probably supposed to do this like once a week Yeah, so supply and even layer to skin no more than one or two times a week I don't even really use this that often honestly And then after I'll immediately like I don't use it even that often but when I do and I rinse it off I immediately put a lot of like moisturizing products on because it just gets everything off, but it leaves your skin So soft. I act like I just did it, but it just leaves your skin feeling so soft And it's just amazing. So I've been really loving this and of another more even ask your product It's the drying lotion. I'm sure you guys have seen this. This is like been around for forever You just take a q-tip and it's just a spot treatment I will say it used to work on me way better Like it would immediately take whatever like spot off my face the next morning I would like often to be dried up and gone I don't think it's been working as well as it used to but it still is like my favorite spot treatment to date I have nothing that works better. So if you have something that works better, let me know But I still really do like that. I just feel like it used to work better Okay, so this is the product that so many people ask me about Regarding redness and like how to get rid of some get rid of redness in your face and blah blah blah I don't know how to get rid of redness. I'm still looking into that if you guys have any tips on getting rid of it Let me know this is more so just like covering and dealing with it But this is the these are the tiger grass camera drops from dr. Jart. I love dr. Jart I think dr. Jart is like incredible, but basically I'm like completely out of this as well It's so bad. I need to go shopping clearly. It's just this little like tube and it's green So you just put it on and it cancels on redness. It works really well This isn't the first thing I'll put on my skin before I put on like any other serums or anything like that This stuff is like a holy grail product in mind and is really made the biggest difference regarding my redness So if you guys have redness in your skin, this is the product you need I know they have it in so many different like kinds that you can get it in a jar I would definitely recommend this the jar is really thick and it's kind of hard to Blend into your skin. This stuff is the easiest that I've seen I want to try the tube though and like really see which one I like the best But I definitely recommend this one over the jar. This one is definitely easier to use. Okay, the last thing that I have Whoo, this is my nurse Jamie uplift roller So every single time I travel with this which I always travel with this because my face gets so puffy On planes now didn't used to do that. I guess I'm just getting older or something I don't know but all of a sudden it like yeah I got a bunch of photos back from around New York I was like I look like I'm like 20 pounds heavier The base was like so puffy and I was like wow So then I got this and I use it all the time just like rolling my face out when I'm traveling But it makes your skin just like tighter and better I feel like face rolling really had its time on the internet, but I'm not over it I love this. I got it for Christmas, but you can get on an orange time and from like nurse Jamie and whatever It's an amazing uplift product. You just roll your skin It's super fun and it's really good to do after you do serums like at night or whatever So it really gets in to your face, but also I just love this and I think it's fun and every time I travel with it They are like what is that and they check me eye security, and it's really awkward So like it's literally a facial facial roller It's really uncomfortable. So that's awesome, but you got to do what you got to do for skincare Am I right ladies and gentlemen? Okay, so that is it for this video These are just like my holy grail skin care products that I absolutely love if you guys have any recommendations Let me know I'm constantly trying out new products and I absolutely love them follow my Instagram because I'm constantly posting like stories And look new products that I've been trying out on Friday favorites and all that stuff I just think it's super fun. So yeah, I hope you guys enjoyed this video I love you guys so much, and I'll see you soon. Bye


Hi friends and poor va and today we will work out the following question find the magnitude of two vectors vector a and vector b Having the same magnitude and such that the angle between them is 60 degree and Their scalar product is one upon two Let us now begin with the solution Now we are given that magnitude of vector a and vector b are same so since magnitude of vector a and vector b is same Therefore we have mod of vector a is equal to mod of vector b Now we are also given that the angle between them is 60 degree and this scalar product is one upon two so We are also given that theta is equal to 60 degree and Vector a dot vector b is equal to one upon two Now we know that Cos theta is equal to vector a dot vector b Upon mod of vector a into mod of vector b Now we are given that theta is equal to 60 degree. So we have this implies Cos 60 degree is equal to Now vector a dot vector b is given to be one upon two. So we have one upon two into mod of vector a into mod of vector b This further implies Cos 60 degree is equal to one upon two into mod of vector a into mod of vector a Since we are given that mod of vector a is equal to mod of vector b So we can write mod of vector a in place of mod of vector b This implies Now cos 60 degree is equal to one upon two. So we have one upon two is equal to one upon two into mod of vector a square Canceling one upon two from both the sides we get this implies mod of vector a square is equal to one which further implies mod of vector a is equal to one Now since we are given that mod of vector a is equal to mod of vector b So we have mod of vector b is also equal to one Because we have mod of vector a is equal to one Hence we have got our answer as Mod of vector a is equal to one and mod of vector b is equal to one Hope you have understood the solution. Bye and take care


Hello, welcome to this lecture on digital communication using GNU radio. My name is Kumar Appaya and I belong to the department of electrical engineering IIT Bombay. This lecture will be a continuation of our discussion of maximum likelihood sequence estimation. If you remember from our previous lecture, we were looking at the problem of identifying a sequence of symbols that were sent through a channel which has a convolutional characteristic. In particular, since the symbols were getting mixed up, you had inter-symbol interference and the gist was that if you write down the noise model and find out the optimal detection strategy, it boils down to optimizing this particular expression that is sorry that is lambda b is real part of angle bracket y sb. Sb essentially is the signal that is received which contains the effect of the channel including the convolutional effect minus norm sb square upon 2. Now, we mentioned that if you are going to try all possible combinations of sb's that account for the channel and modulation, the unfortunate fact is that you need a large number of computations. For example, let us say you have a 1000 QPSK symbols to detect and there are there are QPSK implies that there are four possible symbols, you have to try all 4 power 1000 combinations and that seems very prohibitive. But one hint that we can get over here is that since y and sb are summations of signals and this they sum over time, could it be that we can get an incremental approach and start making decisions without having to look at all combinations that is what we are going to see. So, let us start we are going to look at the two parts in isolation. Let us say you take a real part of angle bracket y, sb that is summation over k real part of b star zk. How do we get that?  Let us actually write this down and do it in a formal manner. So, let me now lambda b is real part of angle bracket y, sb minus norm sb square upon 2. Now, if you recall the way we constructed sb was sb is essentially summation bk t of t minus kt that is basically what sb is. So, let us actually define our zk as that corresponding to the kth term. How do you define it? Zk is y star p matched filter of kt. This should be very evident because angle bracket ysb is actually integral y of t, sb conjugate of t and that boils down to the same thing over here. You are just taking the kth sample over here. So, this is equal to integral y of t and if you remember from our previous discussion p matched filter of t is actually p star of minus t. Since, p mf is p star of minus t you can check that this actually is going to become t minus kt of tt and this particular quantity zk can be computed. What you need to do is you just need to take p you know you need to take the matched filter and you need to take samples. So, zk has the same meaning as you had in the case where you did not have any channel zk corresponds to sampled versions of the matched filter outputs no difference. Now, of course the I will remark that no difference meaning there is no difference in the definition of zk, but in practice zk has information about this symbol and potentially past symbols because of the presence of the channel. The next thing we are going to look at is angle bracket y, sb. Now, this is summation over k real part of sorry not real part sorry that is not the thing we real part we did not put. So, we say bk star zk how did we get this? Now, this should be evident if you write the definition down its integral y of t and sb star and if you now just if you look at what y and sb are they have the same quantity inside if you write it out you will get this the z essentially takes care of this. In other words it is basically summation of all these zk's because your zk has one p of t minus kt your sb has several p minus kt's in the summation. In other words you have summation let me not do this it is like integral y of t summation bk star p of t minus kt star dt and if you take the yt inside integral inside you essentially get this expression. Now, this is what you have and we are looking for an additive or incremental term. So, that we can just keep adding and make decisions on symbols as we progress. Now, this is what we have next we are going to now make a definition we are going to define the auto correlation sequence of the channel of course the sample channel. What does this mean? See if you think about it right if you now take the magnitude square of y, y has the channel convolved with it. So, if you now do y if you now take y square or you know if you multiply y by s you know and integrate you will get the channel correlated you will get h convolved with sorry sorry you will get the gc convolved with gc reversed. So, we are going to take these samples and use them wisely in other words this will come in handy as our derivation progresses for now just bear with me I am going to make a definition I am going to call this hm I am going to define hm as integral p of t p star of t minus mt dt always remember this capital T is the symbol duration. Now, this is my definition and hm is actually a correlation sequence because if you if it is an auto correlation sequence and it satisfies this property even for complex channels if you look at h star of minus m you know because it is an auto correlation function should have the conjugate even property you are going to get integral p of t I am going to put star here because of the conjugate p of t plus mt dt and you know that this integral is over t and I can always just substitute let us say t plus mt as u. So, this is going to be integral p star of u minus mt times p of u dt, but this is the same as this this is equal to hm. So, we are going to use this hm which is the deterministic auto correlation of the channel within our further derivation because it will come in very handy it is more convenient to handle than p convolved with p star sampled and all those it is very p convolved with p star sampled it is very difficult to express this hm is exactly p convolved with p star shifted that is basically p star of minus t shifted. Next with this auto correlation sequence we can move on to the next term which is the norm of sb square. Now, norm of sb square intuitively is just the energy or rather the integral square of the combined signal, but it has your symbols information in it. So, we just keep taking that into account and adding it let us start. So, norm sb square remember my definition of sb my definition of sb was summation bk p of t minus kt summation over k. So, I am going to write this as angle bracket sbsb, but I am going to use two different symbols to express this. So, that I can do some manipulation in the summation I am going to write this as summation let me see. Summation over k bk p of t minus kt, summation over m bm p of t minus mt no surprises I am writing the same thing I am just using the definition of sb and writing it again, but I am using a different symbol so that I can do the double summation manipulations correctly. In fact, think about it it is wrong or rather it is very confusing to write the same k here because then your double summations will go in correct. So, now let us just try to simplify this a little bit notice that angle bracket that is inner product is a linear operator. So, I can change the order of summation and you know taking inner products. So, I am going to now write this as a double summation over k double summation over m bk. Now remember when you write the angle bracket notation inner product the second term gets conjugated. So, I will get b star m and there is an integral it is actually integral. So, I am putting the integral inside p of t minus kt p star of t minus mt dt. Now if you see this particular term this has a relationship with your definition of hm because if you look at your definition of hm hm was p of t p star of t minus mt. So, I can get this form by writing this as I can always add kt to both side this is p of t p star of t minus mt plus kt something like this I can do this right. So, I can basically do this manipulation and therefore, I can significantly simplify this particular expression ok. So, I am going to now write this as let me see take the green this is equal to yeah.  In fact, let me not write the integral form ok h of minus k ok. And if you just verify this rm h of yes m minus k yeah this is correct because I have m minus k over here. Now, I am going to make a slight manipulation I am going to actually split this into 3 parts ok. I am going to split this into 3 parts based on m I am going to take m is equal to 0 or m equal to k rather m less than k and m greater than k. So, I am going to write this into 3 parts this is summation over k ok. I am going to take m to be equal to k in which case this becomes mod bk square because I am interested in the k symbol primarily ok mod bk square h 0 why because I am choosing m is equal to k plus summation over k summation over m for m less than k pk b star m h m minus k ok plus summation over k summation for the m from k plus 1 onwards bk b star m h m minus k ok. So, I have written the same terms except I have split it into 3 parts the first I have taken those terms that have m equal to k separately then I am taking summation over k, but those terms that have m less than k and then those terms that have m greater than k. So, in this manner I am essentially splitting the summation into 3 parts, but these 2 parts have something common in looking in them that is let me now go little up yeah these 2 parts the bottom these 2nd and 3rd terms have something common in them. We can make a slight manipulation by just playing a small trick let us swap the roles of k and m. So, this is equal to summation over k mod bk square h 0 plus summation over k summation and I am going to write this as m less than k ok m less than k.  So, let k greater than m, but that is the same as this ok k greater than m bm b star k h of k minus m ok. Did you see what I just did I basically just swap the roles of k and m, but now these summations look like they have something common in them ok. So, now by doing this I can now combine terms. So, this is equal to summation over k mod bk square h 0 ok.  I just combined these terms ok I actually just combined these terms carefully and if you see these two have the same form ok they have the same kind of roles and I am just taking the summation as a common summation and I have bk. So, if you just look over here as well I can get it. So, I am over here I am just swapping the roles of bk and bm.   So, 2 times real part of and I can write this as I think I will you can write this as b star k bm h k minus m. I am choosing the second term you can equivalently write this as bk b star m h m minus k also no problem, but this is the way I just choose to write it no difference between the two okay. We have done the hard work of expanding the second term also there is a bk here there are bk related terms here this bk related term is the main term while this is the one which has the interaction between the inter symbol interfere components. This is where the mixing due to the channel comes in if there were no channel your h will be non-zero only for k equal to m and you will have only a bk term and you will get back your original awgn detection approach. So, that is something you should just bear in mind now my lambda b which is my overall metric for all my group of b symbols is equal to summation over k and I am going to summation over k if you now go back and check summation b star zk okay then I am going to just keep the k terms plus okay this is not plus it was minus sorry I am going to do minus of this because remember it was minus z square by 2 k.   Now, we will now use the fact that in general our channel has a finite length in other words your channel typically acts like an FIR filter or you can approximate it as a finite impulse response filter. So, we are going to now make the assumption that h k equal to 0 for that is it is defined only for 0 1 2 up to l minus 1 okay. So, l is basically the length of the channel it has l taps or l non-zero filter coefficients because we are now performing this all these operations for the LTI channel. So, the channel can be expressed as a filtering operation.  So, m goes from k minus l. So, we do not need to go all the way back all we need is the last l terms of memory. See if your channel introduces l amount of inter-symbol interference then your decision on b k should be affected only by the past l terms and that is getting reflected here. So, this inner product essentially accounts for the contribution of those past l terms on for this b k that is it. So, now we were all pining for this additive metric additive metric. Is this an additive metric? The reason it is an additive metric is because summation over k and we can go incrementally because every one of these terms adds up. Therefore, we can use some notation to write lambda k b k s k s k is the part of you know your s b, but the notation is not as significant.  Let me just add an eraser and you know get the summation yeah h k minus m this is the additive metric additive metric that you can use to figure out your decisions on or rather your metrics on b k and so to speak that is you can use to evaluate lambda b. Now, here is the good part the good part is that this additive metric can be easily computed without having to go through all possible symbols because of the fact that you have to keep in mind only the past l symbols. Now, how do we use this? This additive metric itself does not tell you what the optimal b k is this additive metric gives you a hint on how you can combine various possibilities to give you b k.  Now, let us say one past let us say the previous symbol b k minus 1 was some let us keep it an example.   So, this term is actually just going to be h 0 by 2 will not play a role. So, we can actually ignore this because it does not affect the computation for other symbols minus summation and I do not need a summation because I have only one term because l is 1 this is the k minus 1 term. So, I am just going to do b star k b k minus 1 h of I think it should be minus 1 yes.   The question is can you do that this is where the Witterby algorithm comes in.  So, what you can do is you can add the metric over here add the metric over here that will give you the straight path add the metric over here add the metric over here that will give you this path and among the two you notice that you go from this path to this point to this point only the metric which is higher you know assuming that you want to maximize it will survive. In other words once you make a decision here on one of these two paths you can say this metric is higher this metric is lower.  So, in other words when you go through with the Trillis diagram and implement this in practice you will see that there are these combinations and you that will allow you to make decisions in the past which prevent you from having to go through all the possible m power l searches I mean 4 power 1000 searches that is where the Witterby algorithm comes in and we will discuss the Witterby algorithm in the next lecture. Now, just to summarize what we did we split our real part of angle bracket y comma sb and norm sb square into convenient parts and then we come we basically use this in order to come up with an additive metric and this additive metric we are using to incrementally detect the received symbols optimally it is not obvious in the next class we are going to cover the Witterby algorithm and discuss the example so that it will become clear to you how you can implement it. So, the next lecture we will continue this discussion with the example problem that we discussed in class. So, we will stop here. Thank you.


Yes, we're here and it's Jack Curry here and I get the opportunity to talk to today a very special guest and one of my favorite players to ever cover because I loved his tenacity I loved his honesty and that's Jorge Posada and Jorge first of all thanks for joining us and the first question I have to ask you is how is everything going with you and your family Laura, little Jorge, Paulina, how's everyone doing? Yeah, everybody's at home. We've been here since middle of March now and we've been trying to stay busy doing some little things. The kids are going to school during the morning hours absolutely you know with in the computer at home and we've been being allowed to try to do different things to try to stay busy. She's cooking a little bit more thank God she's a good cook and we're working out in the in the mornings and you know trying to stay a little bit busy inside the house. Yeah, it's important to have a routine so I'm glad that you guys have latched on to one. I know that you're not a player anymore and you're retired but have you thought at all what you would be doing right now if you were still playing just how you would try and deal with the uncertainty because these current Major League players Jorge they don't know when they're their next game or their next meaningful meeting with their teammates will be. Yeah, I would do a lot of cardio obviously you know try to find you know have a gym here at the house but not everybody has a gym at the house try to look for you know certain classes maybe live that are a little bit more cardio oriented and you know take away your mind a little bit of the everyday news that are not so they're not coming so so so good and try to try to keep it you know hitting it's gonna be hard throwing it's gonna be hard but you know try to keep your legs and your body ready to you know to when they you know they say go you are not you know falling behind I'm glad you referenced the everyday news because it is hard to escape and our thoughts and prayers are with everyone who is going through this right now and we're asking baseball questions because you work in baseball and I work in baseball but obviously the importance is on helping and hoping that everyone gets through this and I did want to ask you more than a year ago you jumped back in the pool so to speak special advisor to baseball operations with the Marlins obviously with Derek Jeter why was the timing right for you to jump back into baseball that well there was a few things you know obviously Miami is home for me now you know Derek being the CEO of the Marlins I thought the time was perfect you know the team is looking very promising a lot of great you know talent coming up great pitching coming up and wanted to be a part of you know of the organization of the growing and Gary Denbon and Derek gave me a call and you know what do you think about coming back and helping out you know a lot of the catchers and what we need to go from here that was last year last year obviously this year I came to spring training with the focus of trying to help out a little bit more on the catching side and Horell Farrell and you know all the catchers that they had there you know surveillance being in town now it's just a great experience of being being able to you know to give back a little bit and and try to help out Derek and in the organization or making this organization you know the the way they want to there wants to be you know hands-on and be a championship team as soon as we can. You mentioned that connection with Jeter obviously that's that's a deep friendship that goes back many years this summer he will obviously be rewarded at some point heading into the Hall of Fame you had a chance to watch him up close going back to the minor league days Horell there's talent but there's other parts of a game that make a player stand out what made Derek Jeter stand out in your eyes. Winning you know from day one you know Derek care about winning one number one his priority was to make this team or his teams win and you know when we sit down and we kind of discuss the game after the game or before the game what helped us win that day what helped us lose that game those were the conversation we had probably post and and and a lot more doing dinners after the games what made us lose where do we lose the game how come we didn't do this and you know when you analyze the game like that as a player it just helps out the team a lot more because if everybody's looking at what to do to win ball games and that's the way we were but Derek was just very special of you know not making excuses being there every day you know even when he was in pain he wasn't paying a lot he just didn't show it he wanted to be in the lineup and it just showed showed me a lot just wanted to be out there for for his teammates and for his you know for the organization. Horell when the Hall of Fame voting comes around it can be very cruel because players who have had superb careers don't sometimes get the percentage they thought they might get I want to reel off some of your numbers lifetime 273 batting average 374 on base percentage 474 slugging yet 275 homers 1065 runs batted in of the triple crown numbers the average the homerun of the RBI the only catchers in the Hall of Fame who can exceed all of those Yogi Berra Mike Piazza, Pajra Rodriguez yet you were a one and done on the ballot 5% under 5% I know you can't get inside the head of every voter but did that surprise you did you think that you got a fair look on the Hall of Fame ballot? Jag is tough it's really tough to you know when you're a player you you really don't think about being a Hall of Famer you know you you think about you know what can I do to be a good baseball player to be a winner to be a guy you know be back obviously I took a lot of pride of doing things behind the plate and being there for my pitchers and you don't think about what's gonna happen after you know you just play the game you do everything you can to you know to put up good numbers and you know the other day I can sit here and say they had a hell of a career and it's up it's up to the media to look at my numbers and and see and try to compare them to other players and it was tough it was really tough not to you know to go above 5% and but you move on and you know you hope that one day they can look at my numbers again and see what happens but I can't control that and that's the way I was always taught you can't control things and you just kind of move on well interestingly enough I was reading a story not too long ago a couple year a couple years old where you reference Ted Simmons and you kind of talk about how you had a similar career to Ted Simmons and we know what happened this year with Ted Simmons his career got another look and eventually with with one of the committees that can vote post career Ted Simmons will be joining Derek and being enshrined this year yeah I very comparable to Ted Simmons I think my numbers are very very similar to him so we'll see I mean hopefully the the committee can look at my case and you know and we'll see I just can't control it if he happens I'm very I'm gonna be very very honored but if he doesn't I had a hell of a career. Jorge you played eight games in 1996 and then obviously you were much more of an instrumental part in 98 99 2000 2009 how proud are you to be part of that Yankee history that Yankee legacy of winning. We were taught well Jack I think you know when you when you come up to the system you know the job they did for us as a minor league or they really brainwashed us winning was number one and the discipline that it took to be a winner you know they taught us you know obviously not to shave that to you know the hair and everything you know it becomes part of your discipline and you know the way you put on your uniform the way you supposed to carry yourself as a Yankee is very important I think when I look back when I was retired and all the things that I look back and I was upset you know because you know I wanted to wear my pants long you know top of my shoes like everybody else and you couldn't do it you know you had to wear you know your pants and show you know a certain amount of inches of blue and a certain amount of inches of white but it just makes you a player makes you understand what NY means what the Yankees means you know baseball for us in New York was winning first Mr. Standbrenner care about winning more than anything and he you know took it all the way down to to everybody you know winning was important and he took care of us he really did he took care of us and still to take care of those players you know to make them feel like they are part of this organization and this the way the organization goes about the business is about winning is number one that's number one priority and winning the minor leagues counts and I think it's important that everybody understand that the Yankee way was you know there was only one way and you needed to you know show up every day to go play one of the baseball cliches that we all latch on to is you need to be strong up the middle and when you reflect on those Yankee years it's you behind the plate it's Jeter it's shortstop you head out the center field it's Bernie Williams and then right there in the mound petted and Rivera and I'm not excluding any of the other players who were on the teams at that time contributed but those were the homegrown Yankees as you were coming up and I know Bernie was a step ahead of you guys are you sensing or even dreaming that you're building something that could become what it eventually became you know I'm glad you taught you on Bernie you know Bernie was that key guy that he was very successful and if he didn't pay out I don't think the jitters and the facades and the pettit or the Mariana reverse would have been there would have been gone when when Bernie starts playing good and he's coming from the minor leagues and he's you know showing what he can do you know obviously he opened the door for all of us and you know Bernie was a key you know he really was you know and then you brought in Andy and Moe there and then you know Derek and then me at the end but I think we we all graduated you know to that position you know Bernie did it first Derek did it you know with a tough spring training Mariano started and then he was reliever and Andy just you know got better and better and better every time he got there he started you know working out and getting better his body so we graduated to our position nowadays you have guys that are hending you know the position here you go this is your position and I don't feel like that's the way we should be you gotta and you gotta I mean that spot I think a lot a lot more fun when you are you know when you graduate and you win that spot for for the team when Mariano was enshrined into Cooperstown last summer he wanted to make sure that his buddies were there so you were there Derek was there and he pet it was there Bernie performed so he was there Tina Martinez was there you guys had some time to spend some alone time where there's no television cameras there's nobody taking notes if we could have been a fly on the wall and in that moment Jorge what is it like are you guys back in the clubhouse are you guys teasing each other just as you had 20 years earlier 100% 100% we are very tough on each other we give a hard time to each other obviously Mariano we gave him a hard time because his speech took too long he said it was gonna be short and he was a thousand degrees in in Cooperstown last year we were sweating we had suits on and but other than that we had a great time we wanted to be there for him you know I think he's important that that we were there for him and I think we'll do the same thing with Derek there are men and women who are 20 in their 20s 30s 40s right now who watched you play but let's let's go 50 years in the future and one of their grandchildren says to them they see a Jorge Pesada card they look at the numbers and they say hey grandma hey grandpa what was this player like what was Jorge Pesada like what would you like that grandparent to tell that grandchild he played again right you care about these teammates it care about about winning and it's all about heart it was all about hard I mean to the truth I you know I wasn't the best at anything but I had more hard than anybody you know what I thought about as I had the opportunity to talk to you and I think I've asked you this question but way back in the past do you ever think at night about how meaningful monumental it was that you switched from infielder to catcher and just how that triggered all of the changes that occurred in your career yeah I don't think I would have been a big leader maybe you know a little bit here and there if I would have played you know maybe somewhat of a bit of a first baseman or third baseman as a middle infielder I don't think I would have been a big leader but when I became a catcher you know everything opened up for me there's no catching the big leagues you know there's only a few there's only three or four and to be able to do it for that long as a position that I didn't play from the get-go is crazy it really is you know in New York to be playing you know to be playing in that position it just it takes a lot and I'm super proud from having interviewed your dad and knowing the influence that he had on your career I'm not trying to put words in your mouth but I think you would probably also say you wouldn't have made it to the major leagues with without his influence what was your dad's influence and in teaching your resilience and teaching you hard work and teaching you persistence to get to the point that you did get to yeah so in him he's a he was a hard worker you know and he you know brought he would come home late and you know doing four or five jobs to try to get us you know food in the table not that we were hurting for food but he was out there hustling and I saw it and and I think it helped me a lot because I became you know the hard worker that I was I'm still working hard I don't know why but you know it's just it's in me and you know I always wanted to prove myself and get better every year so I work harder at my craft every year and wanted to improve every year my numbers I think my dad was a big big example we can joke about this now because your careers are over and they have been successful it's some of your teammates used to talk about how you and L. Duque would have some very animated discussions when he was on the mound and you were behind the plate what was that like because you were both so animated and you both wanted to do things a certain way it kind of hurt my relationship with him you know because I wanted to bring the best out of L. Duque and a calm L. Duque was not a good L. Duque so I would make sure that he was pissed off before he pitched so I would throw the ball really hard at him I would throw it at his knees I would throw it even lower at his ankle he would look at me and I can tell you know if I had him just the way because of his expression of his face if he was very calm and everything was okay he started talking to everybody it was it's gonna be a long day so I needed to get him you know focus at me and maybe pissed off at me and and get him through the game that's the way certain players that work I couldn't do that to Andy I could have done it to David Wells Roger Clemens I could have done that you know getting you know fiery but some guys you know you couldn't do that too so you have to find you know certain ways to get the pitcher or the pitcher that's gonna be in the mound that day to get them through or get them into the game so that's an example of you kind of playing the mental side of things David Cohen used to say sometimes he always wanted this catcher to be a co-pilot but sometimes you needed to be a cheerleader sometimes you needed to scold him sometimes you need to be a psychiatrist and in that moment or moments with El Duque I guess that's what you were doing trying to get inside his head because you knew what made him tick no question no question and Duque was very mental very he would think a lot about things obviously didn't know the you know when he first came he didn't know the the league so I was there to try to you know get him through the game and stuff like that but you know perfect example right let's go hit the home run of a curveball breaking ball he was I don't remember the count but obviously hit some run on a curve on a breaking ball so on the next time that I'm calling fast balls and change up and he's shaking me off and I'm like what is he doing so he wants a curveball I know he wants a curveball but I'm not calling it so here I go he's shaking me shaking me shaking me and he wants a breaking most I call breaking ball and he's another home run of a breaking ball third I'm bad and Duque obviously throwing very good I think the only runs he gave up those two home runs so the third I'm back with classical he comes up and I go I want to throw something inside and you know some change you up to stop and he's like no breaking ball and I'm like no no no Duque no no he see you to you know to two I'm not a two curve balls he goes break him up I throw him a breaking ball he pops it up to short and he starts screaming at him in Spanish so you're not that good in Spanish you're screaming out he's looking at him all crazy so that's that's the old duke and you love that from him that is a great anecdote a great story and as I wind things up with you here I want to do some word association well it's its name association I'm gonna say a name and if you had the first thing that comes to mind an anecdote story and I'm gonna I have to start with you your buddy your number one guy you already kind of talked about them but if I say Derek cheater what's the first thing that comes to mind leader a winner you know a guy that you want to your side how about Andy Pettit and he Pettit was soft soft spoken I mean not soft soft spoken quiet but when he was on the mound he was focused he was prepared and you know you want him you know begin number 42 Mariano Rivera great endeavor there's nobody like him he has so much confidence that you know there's nobody that can beat him when he was in the mound nobody this almost seems unfair to ask a catcher this question was he easy to catch he was the best he made my job so easy just number one you know a you know he started throwing the sinker later on in his career so we had a one or two and then we changed the sign you know it was so easy because he was you know this side or that other side so I knew he was going to throw you know either a cutter on this side or to see around that side he threw cutters on this side but we had different signs to you know so we'd have to you know give the only number one with the guy a second base how about Don Mattingly probably my my best hitting coach that I had he really I mean he was my idol that's the guy that I look up to when I was growing up and when I had him there and he was there every day you know look for me come here let's go to the cage you know at times I felt you know in spring training like I mean this is Don Mattingly I'm making me work too much and he's and he's like no no no I'm here for you I want you to get this I want you to he wanted me to get on top of the baseball and I mean he helped me so much I interviewed Jim Abbott about a week ago and he said when he first got to the Yankees his first spring training pitchers fielding practice was on a backfield in Fort Lauderdale the position players weren't even supposed to be there yet first day he showed up for PFPs Mattingly was the guy taking throws at first base and imploring the pitchers get to the ball and Jorge you and I have you've seen more than me but I've seen thousands of PFPs a lot of times the guy at first base is just a coach or it's just an extra player and there was Mattingly telling Abbott hey we're here to try and win let's let's do this drill the right way yeah I got a better better anecdote uh his locker was next to my locker was next to him in 1994 in Fort Lauderdale and I'll get there early but I could never beat him to the stadium so one day I'm like okay I'm gonna wake up I was like four o'clock five o'clock in the morning I wake up I go I don't eat I just go straight to and I hear I'm like I think I beat him and I see his jeans already hung and I'm like where is he so I'm looking for him you know because I mean he was my favorite uh so I will go out and he's catching pop-ups off the machine at five o'clock in the morning in shorts like he wanted balls over his head and I'm like this guy is ridiculous I mean that that told me so much about him five a.m pop-ups five a.m but if he was swing off the machine is crazy wow that that seems like a fitting way to end this because I don't think you're going to come up with a better story than that and Jorge we really appreciate you giving us this time and I hope you and your family continue to stay safe with I think we're all going to get through this if we keep making smart decisions but again as I said at the top of this it was always a pleasure to cover you and it brought back memories for me to get the opportunity to interview you one more time like this. Thank you Jack and I really I really am very humble on the things that we were able to to do as a team and it's not easy we made it look easy but you know you can see now you know how tough it was to you know to do that to do it back to back and to back and you know the off seasons were really short but we were looking forward to you know to for the run and it was a lot of fun a lot of fun.


Today I'd like to talk to you about equilibrium reactions and some of the concepts that go along with them. Equilibrium reactions are reactions essentially that will always have both products and reactants present in them. And the reason for this is that when you have this reaction, A plus B giving C plus D, you have in the middle you have arrows pointing in both directions, half arrows. This is an indication that there is an equilibrium in existence here. The X, Y, Z and P are the coefficients that balance the equation. How this works is that A combines with B to form C plus D. After a certain quantity of C and D are formed, C and D combine to reform the A plus B. So in the system you will always have a certain amount of each of these present. These processes can cause some interesting things for chemists who want to have reactions to go to high yield. Equilibrium reactions can be challenging, but at the same time there are things we can do that will improve these. One of the things that when you work with equilibrium reactions that you need is to have what is called an equilibrium constant. And the equilibrium constant is represented in Keq. Keq is going to be defined as the quantity of products divided by the quantity of reactants and we are going to raise these quantities to the power that is equal to the subscript in the balanced equation. So for instance in this case we would say that Keq would be C raised to the Z power times D raised to the P power divided by A raised to the X power times B to the Y power. This would be your equilibrium expression. If you had values for the concentration of A, B, C, and D we could calculate what this constant would be. The Keq essentially will tell us which side of the process is favored. If Keq is large that means that products are favored. There is more of this than there is that. If Keq is small that means that your reactants are favored. The reason being is that there is a small amount of this present, most of this is present in the process. So large Keq means products, small means reactants. The reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is one that you see a lot and a lot of times when it is written people don't write it correctly. The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is called the Haber process and it is a process that is an equilibrium reaction or the reaction is an equilibrium. The problem with that is that originally when this reaction was proposed and done there were low yields of ammonia, the NH3. But Fritz Haber was able to design a process where considerable amounts of ammonia could be produced from this reaction. And frankly he won a Nobel Prize for it because it revolutionized the idea of fertilizers and planting foods and things of that type. In other words feeding the world. But when we look at this the Keq expression for this would be ammonia, the concentration of ammonia squared divided by the concentration of nitrogen times the concentration of hydrogen cubed. All right. It's easy to solve for the Keq once you have your expression. All you do is substitute numbers. Over here on the left hand side I've given you some numbers that we can use. Nitrogen is one mole, hydrogen would be two moles, ammonia is one mole. And we put this into the equation and when we do that we remember to square and cube the numbers that we need to square and cube and when we calculate that we get a value of 0.125. Now these numbers that I've given you were simply examples. They would not reflect what you can actually get from this process. But given that, given the values that we have I would ask you this question. With a 0.125 would product be favored or would reactant be favored? Of course the answer is that reactants are favored because this is a small number. We talk about small and large numbers. Large numbers are 100,000 and bigger numbers than that. Small numbers are anything that's one or less. At one or less essentially you're not making much progress toward a product. So you want those numbers to be as large as they can be. But that's how you would do that. That's how you would do that. Now how was this process made efficient? How did the Haber process B become something that could be used? Well it has to do with Le Chatier's principle and I'm sure I didn't say that correctly. But that's Le Chatier. It's written here. You can see it. And his principle says that when there is a stress exerted on a system in equilibrium the system will shift in such a way as to relieve the stress. Now this has implications as far as endothermic exothermic reactions. It has implications on adding and subtracting reactants. It has implications in terms of change in pressure. In this example of an equilibrium you see that we have A plus B in equilibrium with C and heat. And believe it or not in this instance heat is a product of the reaction. Now Le Chatier's principle says that if a shift, that if a stress is applied that the system will move in the direction to relieve the stress. Alright. So let's talk a little bit about this. Heat is a product. What happens if we remove heat from the process? In that instance there'll be more A and B converted to C plus heat. So in that instance if you wanted to produce a lot of C all you would need to do would be to cool the reaction down and make the equilibrium shift this direction. Ask yourself this question. What would happen if instead of removing heat you added heat you raise the temperature of the reaction either accidentally or on purpose? What would happen? You're adding product. So in that instance you're going to shift toward reactants. So you would decrease the yield of your product if you added heat. That's because heat is a product. If we had this occurring heat plus A being in equilibrium with B what would the result of adding and taking away heat be? We ask ourselves this question. What happens is heat a product or is it a reactant? In this instance it is a reactant. So adding heat essentially will shift the reaction toward product. In an endothermic reaction which is what this is adding heat should shift in the direction of your product. So it would help you form more B. Conversely if you cool the reaction down it's going to shift it toward reactants and you're not doing that. Let's take heat out of our equation for just a moment and let's ask ourselves this. What if we had a process where we were having a simple equilibrium between A and B? What would happen if we removed B from the reaction? In that instance the reaction would shift to form more B. How else could you form more B? You would form more B by also adding other quantities of A. What if we had, what if we had this equation? This is an equilibrium and all of these are gases. All of these are gases. How would pressure affect the reaction if we have gases? Here's something to think about. On the left hand side of the equation we have seven molecules of gas. On the right hand side we have two molecules of gas. Increase in pressure will favor the side which has the least molecules of gas because that will be the least pressure. So if you increase the pressure on this system you will form more product. If you decrease the pressure on this system you will form more reactant. There are many ways that we can use Le Chatier's principle and the principle of equilibrium in chemistry and I hope that I've been able to explain some of these concepts to you so that you can better understand it. Thank you.


How much of a missed opportunity does this feel like? This is DMBA. They're every roster is filled with good players. They had Brown really stepped up, played a heck of a game. Drummond was great. Canard heard us. Those three guys kind of outplayed us. What opened the door for them in that second half to take control? We were up 15, and we couldn't extend the lead. And they started chipping away. I told the guy, we have to do it for long. We're doing it in stretches, playing well in stretches, but not for a long enough period of time. And it's kind of little short spurts. We're good, and we're just not extending that to a full game. Again, 32 and 35 points. Third and fourth quarter, that's just too many points. Some reason we ran out of gas in the second half, and not sure why. Last year, you guys did a fairly decent job of keeping people off the line. And this has been a recurring theme here, giving them a parade to the line. I think maybe 29 free throws. How big of an issue has this one? It's an issue. And last year, we were good in keeping teams off the line.  And that's part of the, it's not only physical.  And that's how teams get back in the game when you put them on the free throw line. It's great in the fourth quarter, but he had struggled before then. Did you see any particular reason for that? No, listen, he's been playing great, and we have a triple double tonight. Kyrie's kind of the least of our issues right now. Like I said, we have to do it for longer periods. We're doing it in stretches. It wasn't good enough tonight. Second half, they overtook us. I think physically, mentally, I played us. Was that just, in your mind, did you guys just, with that tired legs, down the stretch? I mean, it looked like they had more energy down the stretch.  Like, I didn't count them. I felt like there were a lot of 50-50 balls we didn't get. Now, you can say, is that physical, is that mental? I'm not sure. They played it back to back, too. It's not like, you know, we're kind of on even ground there. And they were the more aggressive team. I thought they got the loose balls. They got the scrappy balls. Like, you know, that's part of the story. Is it surprising, though, that you could get up by double dig, just like you did by 11 points, I think? And, yeah, is it surprising, though, that you could lose control of the game at that point when you're that far ahead? No, I think this is the NBA. I mean, Leeds can go quick. You know, you're not safe, the game's so long. 15-point lead is nothing. I told the guys, come on, we have to stretch this from 15 to 20. Or us, we're, you know, you're going to deal with something you don't want to deal with. And, you know, we were up, we were down 15 to Houston last night, right? So it happens. And we just didn't have the energy, didn't have the resiliency to get it done. When you look at the 2-4 start, is that a little disappointing considering, you know, all the players you have now? And is it just going to be an adjustment period for a while, especially with a West Coast trip coming up? I just think it takes time. It takes time, this team, you know, it's going to take time to get together and get on the same page and close out a game like this. It's just a new team and we're going to have to have patience. I like the guys' spirit and attitude. They're playing hard. I just think it's going to take some time. The guys you finished the game with went on a run to make it close, but Karris had it going early. Any particular reasons in the decision? Yeah, no, it was matchups defensively. We, Spencer, we felt like this, wanted to put him on, get him on brown, who was really hurting us, put some size on him. He's getting deep in the paint. It was more, more, more that than anything.