The Anderson family. I don't care, Oliver, if Homer did buy another car, ours is plenty good enough. It needs paint. Okay, paint it. But it rattles, Mom. Then we'll fix the rattles. Do you know how much it costs to fix the rattles in the engine? Oliver Anderson, you'll just be satisfied with the car we have. Don't raise your voice. Who's raising their voice? Uh-oh, here we go again, folks. Now let's visit the Anderson family. This whole thing started when Oliver heard that Homer Meister, the man next door, had bought a new used car. As soon as he heard this, he found a hundred things wrong with his own car. But he has a tough audience in Mary, the holder of the purse strings, despite the fact that Junior rather leans toward his father's wishes. Right now, Oliver is over talking to Homer Meister, which only serves to fan the flames of action in Oliver. There she is, Oliver. Hey, ain't she a beauty? How do you get in it? It's a two-door. Martha kind of liked that kind. Of course, I'm more of a top-down man myself. Well, what made you get green? Didn't they have any other color car? Nope, nope. Not in this model it didn't. And a fellow who sold it to me, well, he just tacked it like he didn't care if it bought a car or not. They're fine people. How much to pay for it, or is it a secret? Nope, nope, nope. It ain't. It's my car, and $600 for it. $600 and your car? It's a holdup. No, Tant. No such thing. Yeah, she purrs like a kitten. Yeah, you want to get in and see how it sits? No, I'll just listen. Eh, okay. It's got one of them push-button starters. Yeah, that's an improvement over the crank. Yep, yep. I'll just turn it over a few times so you can see. Maybe she needs gas. Eh, got plenty of gas. What's that you say?  Eh, don't sound loud. Oh, uh, does she? I'll get you to stay on the pavement with it. It'll be all right. Yeah. Oh, me. Eh, that's a little of a smoke in the car when a river clear up. The motor will be in the car too if you erase it. Eh, what's wrong? Me jealous, are you Oliver? Me jealous? Don't be silly. What's a what? Oh, me being progressive-like. What's progressive about buying a car when you need it? Well, now if you want to get on and meet the fella where I got this, he can get you one of them unusual deals. No, I don't think so.  Papa, you out here? Yeah, in Homer's garage. What is it? Oh, hello, Mr. Meister. Hello, howdy, son. Hey, seen the new car? It's keen, Mr. Meister. Eh, you wouldn't know it was a used car, would you? I thought you made it yourself. Oh, you hush. I like green, Mr. Meister. Well, now thanks, honey. You're coming in when you did kind of makes me feel like the car's all right. Now, look, Homer, I didn't rib the car. I just don't like green as all. Well, it's better than the one I had, anyhow. What are we going to get a different car, Pop? Well, I haven't given it much thought. Maybe if we just painted ours. No, no, that's past paint, Junior. Oh, don't run to bed, Oliver. Well, it needs work, of course. Maybe if I run into a good buy someplace, I may deal. Mom's waiting, Pop. Oh, yeah. Well, Homer, thanks for the interview, and I hope you have good luck with it. Yeah, hope to. Come on, Junior, let's go. You got stuck with that car. You know that, don't you? Maybe. But, gee, Pop, you'll make him feel bad. Feel bad? I don't see why. Well, I thought the green was kind of icky, too, but, gee, I wouldn't want to hurt Mr. Meister's feelings. Oh, he's not that sensitive. Are you going to change our car, Pop? Well, it's according to what I can do with your mother. I think she knows that, Pop. Knows what? Oh, I don't know, but she thinks our car is plenty good enough. Look, if Homer can afford a different car, so can we. Oh, I agree with you there, Pop, but Mom's a different person.  You run on in. I'll drop over to the drugstore and call this man who buys cars and have him come out and see what he'll do on mine. Who's car? Same as you. Oh, no, Oliver, it's really not that bad. Martha was over, she's just thrilled to death with it. That's the first thing they've agreed on for years. But this other car was in pretty bad shape. Yeah, I know, he's right about that. Well, the car begins to need a lot of repairs. Get rid of it. Well, thank goodness ours doesn't act up. Oh, yes it does. Well, you haven't complained much about it. Okay, Junior, tell Mom what the kids do when I drive my car past them. They take off their hats, Mom. You see? Take off their hats? Why should they do that? The kids say you should always take your hat off in the presence of old age. Oh, I see. And he didn't make that up either. I noticed the difference in the way the car runs lately but I haven't spoken about it. We could have it fixed. I doubt it. It needs paint, rattles like a pair of phony dice, needs tires. It's pretty noisy too, Mom. And the smell of oil keeps getting in the car. Well, why don't you wait until the new cars come out, Oliver? Because I have to have a car now, Mary. Look what I say. I turn it in and whoever buys it has to pay for everything. Well, how about the car you buy? That's where smart buying comes in. I see. Well, suppose you show me just what you mean when you say our car is on its last trip. I can't. I left it over to Pete's garage. He said he'd look it over and if it needed too much, he'd just drive it home and leave it. He's already done that. Huh? It's in the garage now. It is? And on its own power? I don't know. I wasn't home when he left it. Well, leave it where it is then. You can see that even Pete gave up on it. Oh, who is this now? Maybe it's the man from the used car lot. Well, if it is, it'll be a long trip back for him. Yes? Good evening, Miss. I'm Jaime Harrison from Jake. The generous gypsy's used car lot. I'm to look at a clunk. Oh, a clunk? Hmm. Come in and talk to my husband. Oliver, this man is from Joe's, the generous gypsy. Jakes. Oh, there's a difference? And how? Well, I got a lot of cars to look at and it ain't our policy to store a seller. So I'll give you $250 for it. $250? We haven't seen it. Oh, well, if you want to go through a lot, I can offer a dime more than $220. Where's this craze? Craze? That's just the term, Mary. He hasn't even seen the car yet. You'll find that Jake offers the top dollar. And we don't even ask where you got it. We bought it. But you're honest people. You mean everybody doesn't buy them? You'll be surprised how many dishonest people there are. Well, it seems to me those people would buy a car and not pay for it like honest people do. Oh, well, this is a funny. Whoa, brother. Well, let's look at the clunk. Clunk? Oh, yes, you mean the car. Come on, it's out in the garage. Now, let's start at the top dollar on this model head. It's a 1934. Late 1934. Tires, two-wit thread, and a couple of bouldies. I was going to get new ones. Well, let the guy who buys it get them. Now, let's see. There's a dog sleeping in a car. Dog? We don't have a dog. He needs cleaning. How's the motor? I use it every day. The motor's in bad shape. Do you owe anything on it? No, it's paid for. Good. Let's see here. Radio? Yeah, it works well. Get anything on it. Come with the car? Yeah. Old-fashioned radio. No charge. If the radio isn't worth anything, we'll take it out. Now, leave it in, leave it in. It fills up the dash. Now, let's see. Suppose it has an engine? Oh, sure. I'll start it up. No, no, never mind. I'll just take a look at it. Looks good, doesn't it? Yeah, it needs motor overhaul. We just put new spark plugs in it. Plugs won't help this chariot, miss. Well, do I hear 150? 160. 70. 80. 90. Hey, hey, hey, wait a minute. I'm bidding against myself. I didn't hear 200. Because I didn't say it, mister. Now, look, let's be honest. By the time we install a motor and paint it... Yeah, it does need paint. Of course, sir. We have a system of painting them. Run them through the course and they're dry. Looking like a new car in two hours' time. Maybe we should keep it, Oliver. We could have it painted like that. Uh, how much would it cost us, honest Hermie? Well, if you had it done, it would be $77.50. With us, we'd get a rate of $6.95. Uh, no, no, no. I don't think I'll sell it. I have to get more than 200 for it. Okay, tell you what you do. You stop in on your way to work and see my boss. Maybe he can do better. Maybe that's sensible. You'll find that Jake the generous gypsy is a man of integrity. That's why he stops. Okay, I'll see you later. Okay, now don't put me in a middle of... I'll be looking for you. I'll be seeing you soon. 200 for our car. Don't worry, I'll get more. I'll have Homer take me where he bought his car. Hey, it's right around the corner here, Oliver. You think we'll make it? Well, ain't so sure. I guess it better have them tuned up a bit. They're right nice about things like that. Well, they should be for the kind of money you spent for this. Ah, well, here we are. Gee, this is the generous gypsies place. Yep, yep. I bought it from him because I like the name. That's parking for customers only. Get that iron out of here. Me? Well, now wait a minute, young fella. I'm a customer. Oh, well, that's different. I'll give you six bits for it. Six bits? I just paid 600 for it just today. Well, it's your fault. If you'd have stopped here, you could have picked it up for half that. Oh, hello, Anderson. Hello, Hermie. I told the boss about you. Come on in. He's in a dealing mode. That's fine. You make a deal with him, then. I just listened to one of your deals. Oh, he's just joking, Oliver. Of course I am. Didn't sound like it to me. Look, we get these beasts every day. If we listened to them all, we'd go right out of business. Look, Homer bought the car here. Paid three prices for it and wants a slight adjustment made in. Wait a minute, bud. Are you a lawyer? Come on, Oliver. Never mind. Are you a lawyer or an agent? No, I'm not a lawyer. But you can't push an older man around like this. I ain't pushing an old man around. When a guy buys a car from Jake, he's made a buy. He can't come crying around later. Hey, I ain't crying around. And if I was 10 years younger... You'd what? Well, maybe 20. Now, look, Hermie, don't get pushy. If you want to push something around, you push something your own age. Meaning who? Meaning me. That's what I thought you said. You asked for it, pup. You better get up, Oliver. And the folks are looking at you. The Anderson family. Oliver Anderson had a little difficulty with the buyer at Jake the generous gypsy's used car lot when the man started pushing Homer Meister Oliver's neighbor. At Oliver's invitation, the buyer turned on Oliver, which, of course, eliminates any deal Oliver might have made with him. Mary Anderson has waited for word from Oliver, and not hearing from him is about to start out to sell the car herself. Hurry, Junior. Slip on your jacket. We'll dive down and see what we can do with selling the car. Maybe Pop's already made a deal, Mom. Well, if he has, it's a secret. I think we can do better. Okay, Mom. I'll be right with you. I know where the used car lots are. I'll keep the car before I'll accept 200 for it. Now, if you're ready, let's go make a sale. Now, take it easy, Mom. The lots are right in this block. Yes, so I see. Isn't that the generous gypsy's lot across the street? Yeah, and a place to park, too, Mom. Pull in. We'll walk over. There we are. Gee, there's a lot of used car lots along here, Mom. So I see. Come on, get out. Good afternoon, ma'am. Want to sell your car? I think it's already sold. Oh, we can top any price you've had. Fair play, Farnham will not be outbid. Hello, Sonny. Hello. My husband was going to see about selling it to Jake, the generous gypsy. That crook, why, he don't know what generous means. Well, of course, I'm only interested in getting the most for the car.  Come in the office and you'll go out with the top dollar. Oliver Anderson speaking. Oliver, I just sold the car. You did? Gee, I wish you'd waited till I went with you, Mary. You know how they short change a woman. They didn't short change me, darling. I put a check for $400 in the bank. $400? You didn't sell the garage with the car, did you? I did not. Junior and I have been looking over some of it. Put yourself on anything. I'll get out of this jute mail early and see if I can pick up a good buy. If I find something good, I'll drive it home. I'd like to see anyone take me on a car deal. Now, don't you worry. You're shopping with $400 and tell me not to worry? Well, then I won't buy anything till you see it. So long. You know how they try to sell you something in a hurry. Yeah, yeah, I know, I know. I'll tell them I'm just looking. Goodbye. How do you do, sir? Find something you like. No, no, no. I'm just looking around a bit. We sold our car this afternoon. Oh, then you've come to the right place. There's no high-powered salesmanship at Fair Play Fondant's. That's the way I like it. Now, if you step this way, we'll see what we can do. I'm just looking. That's all right. That's all right. Now, let's see. Are you married? What's that got to do with it? Any children. One. Oh. Then you'd like a sedan. Now, over here, I have an excellent buy and an Essex. Essex? Now, wait a minute. Let's not go back that far. Oh, it's the condition of a car that counts. I don't want an Essex. Uh, how much do you want to spend? Not any more than I have to. I see. Uh, now over there is a good, clean, mechanically good piercero. Good, heavy road car and built like a battleship. And steers like one. Too big. Well, I know more now what you want. Let's go over there. And to save you time and myself, don't show me any unless they have starters and electric lights. I'm just showing you what we have. How much is that black car there? That black one? Oh, yes, the black one. That's a 35 in perfect shape, just gone over in our own shops.  Yeah, but how much? Well, uh, I can let you have that for $1,650. $1,650? Mm-hmm. It's old new for $900. Uh, can you buy a new one? Well, you got me. No. But are you allowed to ask that much?  You, you know how things are today? I'm beginning to learn. However, I did take in a fairly clean 34 Rolo 6 this afternoon. It's in the paint shop now. Be ready in about 10 minutes. Maybe you'd like that. Well, that sounds more like it. I just sold a 34 Rolo 6. Oh, then you know what a lot of service you'll get out of it. Mine was in pretty bad shape. Well, you did the right thing when they get in bad shape. Sell them and let someone else spend the money on them. Okay, let's look at it. Uh, we're about ready to close now, but if you like, I'll stick around a few minutes and wrap it up for you. Well, now, don't change your routine for me. Oh, no, no, no, it's no bother at all. You, you can see it anyhow. Hey, hey, hey, Oliver. Huh? Oh, oh, oh, boy, gee, am I glad to see you. What's, what's wrong with you, Homer? What are you doing down here?   What? I can't get home. Well, stick around a few minutes. I'll tow you home if everything comes out all right. Uh, want to trade it in on the good one? Nope, nope. Sharks are just boarded yesterday from Jake, the generous gypsy. Every time anyone mentions a deal with that outfit, it's bad news. Well, sit down over there, Homer. I'll be with you in a few minutes. You'll sign right here, Mr. Anderson. You can take the car with you. Well. And you're getting a good deal, let me tell you. It isn't often I cut $150 for anyone. I see. Now, this calls for $850. And $35 for the radio. Yeah, but it's an old radio like the one I had. The old ones are better than the new ones. Neither. And then the $50 for the two new white sidewalls. Oh, well, just, just add it up. Homer's waiting for me to tow him home. Nothing for her. Homer, I'm a dead duck. Oh, well, what's the matter? You mean you can't make it? Look, if you make one crack about that car, I'll leave you right here on the boulevard. I've pulled you around corners through valleys and uphills. And now you'll be happy to hear my clutches out. Well, don't, don't blame me. I, I'm, like, sorry, Oliver. I'll just call Pete's garage. Maybe he can help us. Well, go ahead and call him. I'll watch the car till you get back. I don't know how I'm going to explain this at home. You think this car will run now, Pete? I aren't sure. I didn't need those new points. And his coil was weak. I'll try it now. Step on the starter and see what happens. There she goes. All I'll do is a trick. Have Homer bring it in tomorrow, and I'll go over it again. OK, now what about my car? You'll need a new clutch. A new clutch? That's right. Probably. Get out of it for around $60. Oh, that's fine. But how am I going to get it home? I'll have Homer tow you. It'll make it. Oh, OK, Pete. And thanks. Thanks. Do you see your father coming, Junior? No. The bus just stopped, but he didn't get off. I hope he didn't stop and buy some Rattletrap car. Oh, he wouldn't do that, Mom. Pop knows a lot about cars. Just the same. You don't know what they've done to them. Hey, Mom, come here quick. Here comes Pop. What's so exciting about it? He's got two cars, Mom. Tied together. Oh, no. That's all we need. They're turning into the driveway. Oh, I see now. He's pushing Homer's car. Of all things, treating a new car that way. Gee, Mom, it's sure a beauty. Green. Oh, no. Not green. Come on out, Mom. Let's look. He's a good woman. Looks like I'm going to have to sleep out again tonight. Gee, Pop, it's sure keen. Almost new, isn't it? Oh, hello, Junior. Yeah, that's pretty clean. Why, Oliver, it's almost like our other car. I know it. Back it up a bit, Homer. Well, all right. Now get the family back out of the way. OK, fakes. Oh, can I stand back? Stand back. Homer's not too sure of himself. Look at the car. Oh, I'm too sick, Mary. Gee, Pop, the whole front end. I know it. I know it. Oh, now look at my fenders. Your fenders? You shouldn't be allowed in a car. Oh, is that so? Yeah. That's what I get for trying to help a buddy. You help a buddy?  Oh, no. You didn't do that. Yeah. If that's the way you feel when I'm just trying to help, you can pay for my fenders, Dagneb. Yeah. I'll pay for nothing. And now you get that iron out of my driveway. Hey, Pop, Mr. Meister is sure mad at you. Well, let him be mad. And Mom isn't happy either, Pop. I can't help it. A person can only do so much. What are you going to do with it, Pop? Well, Pete will be here in a minute to give me an estimate. Mom thinks you should have waited and picked out a car with her. Sometimes I wish I had. Wow, you got her home all right, eh? Oh, oh, yeah. Yeah, well, hi, Pete. Yeah, we got it home. Take a look at it and tell me what it'll cost to fix it up, will you? How come you got rid of your other car? Well, it needed too much work on it. Work? Why, I put a new coil in it, adjusted the spark plugs gaps, ran like a new car. It did? You mean it was OK? Why, sure. Ran like a top. Oh, well, we all do things different, I guess. Yeah. I'll look her over. Uh, you didn't hear what he said, did you, home junior? I didn't hear a word, Pop. Good. How does it look under the hood, Pete?  Yeah, why?  You mean I should have kept it? Kept it? You've still got it.  This is my car? It sure is. Same tape as on the wire I put on. And that crack plug on number three. But this one's green, Pop. Yeah, yeah, look, junior, you didn't hear that either.  OK, Pop, but if Mom finds out, oh, brother. Yeah, yeah, look, Pete, you take it down to the shop and put it in good condition. If you don't mention this to anyone, I'll see that you get Homer's work, too, and he'll have plenty, believe me. OK, I'll tour in in the morning. Well, and mail the bill to me at the office. He can fix his force, Mom. I hope so. I know how worried your father is. You do? I should think he would be, too. Uh, what's happened, Mom? You'll promise not to say a word if I tell you. I promise. We have to keep it a secret. If Oliver ever thought we knew, I'm afraid he'd leave town. What happened, Mom? I won't say a word until he helped me. OK, is the door closed? Yeah, what is it? Do you know what your father did? Uh, not everything. Well, he didn't know that the car he just bought is the same one I sold. Gee, Mom, are you sure? Of course I am. I remember that torn place on the running board and that bent taillight. That green paint didn't fool me. Then you aren't peeved, Mom? Of course not. After all, he should have gone to an old, established, reputable dealer. You know, I just thought of something. I've been wanting a new, some new clothes for a long time now, and I think now is the time to get them. The Anderson family is written by Howard Swart, directed by Herb Lytton and features Dick Lane as Oliver, Louise Arthur as Mary, Walter Tetley as Junior, and Herbert Rawlinson as Homer. Others in the cast were George Peroni and Doug Young. Music by Gordon Kibbe, sound effects by Ray Erlenborn, and your announcer is Ken Peters. The Anderson family is a Hollywood broadcaster's production, transcribed in Hollywood.


Okay, let's get started. Welcome everyone thank you so much for taking time out of your day for joining us for today's CNCF webinar, the truth about the service mesh data plane. I'm Jerry Fallon, and I would like to welcome our presenter today, Dennis Jeanot, director of field engineering at solo.io, and I would also like to welcome Betty Jeanot at VP of marketing at solo.io. Just a few housekeeping items before we get started. During the webinar you are not able to talk as an attendee. There's a Q&A box at the bottom of your screen so please feel free to drop your questions in there and we'll get to as many as we can at the end. This is an official webinar of the CNCF and as such is subject to the CNCF code of conduct. Please do not add anything to the chatter questions that would be in violation of the code of conduct, please be respectful of your fellow participants and presenters. I would also note that the recording and slides will be posted later today to the CNCF webinar page at cncf.io slash webinars, and with that I'll hand it over to Dennis for today's presentation. Thanks. I don't know Betty you wanted to do a quick introduction or I'm going to start now. I think you can go ahead and start. Okay, good. So, hi everyone. So thanks for the introduction. I'm like the Nijano director of field engineering at solo.io covering EMEA. You can find some of my contact details here if you want to contact me. And here what I'm going to do I'm going to start with like a discussion about you know where the evolution from monolith to service mesh. Obviously a lot of talk you know start with this discussion about how we go from monolith to microservices by that just the first step in this journey to the service mesh. So obviously the reason why people go from monolith to microservices is because they want to be able to release different components with different schedule they want to scale these different components, different microservices independently. And also what I would say is now common is that when you develop new microservices, you will probably run them on Kubernetes. And I assume if you are listening this CMCF webinar, you are probably already using Kubernetes as well. And then when you run these microservices on Kubernetes, you very quickly need to expose some of them to the outside world. And a common way to do that, obviously the first thing you try out generally is using an ingress. So you make sure you have an ingress controller configured on your Kubernetes cluster that can be I don't know and genics or traffic or whichever else. And then you can use create ingress objects so that you define how you want to expose these microservices. You can use some annotations if you want to use like TLS you can, you know, define the certificate you want to use. You have some basic routing options as well. But obviously it's quickly very limited. And when you want to do more at the gateway level, then you need to really take a look at a true API gateway. Because one of the things we see as well when people start to create microservices that they want to handle the application logic in the microservices but they want to put the rest of the logic out of it. So for example, if I want to authenticate with an OIDC, I don't want each microservice to implement that feature. Instead, I want to implement the feature in the API gateway, and I want the API gateway to be smart enough so that it can authenticate for me and then it can pass information about the user to these microservices. And sometimes you can even configure it in a way that you can have like some authorization policies like based on OPA or other mechanism to define if you want to accept or reject the request. You can do much more with the API gateway. You can also run, deploy this API gateway in Kubernetes and then use it to send some requests to services that are still running in VM, for example. Or you can send some of the requests to Lambda functions in AWS, for example. So you can do a lot of different things with an API gateway. So that's really good when you want to secure the edge. And that's generally the first step. When you start to deploy microservices in Kubernetes, then the first step is how I expose my services to the outside world. But then the next step is how I enhance the service to service communications. How I take advantage of the infrastructure or something else to be able to, for example, encrypt communication between my microservices. And I mean, you have a list of requirements. That's not a full list, but I think that's a good beginning. You know, how I'm able to manage identity so that when one service talk to another service, they know they can trust the identity of the other service. And you want to do like certificate management, especially you want to be able to rotate certificates. I mean, it's not something that is very easy to do. So you don't want to do that manually.  You want also to get like some insight about what's going on, which microservice talk to which microservice and so on. If you just use Kubernetes, you get something like that. So you get this notion of a Kubernetes service where you can use labels to take some decision about, you know, the traffic, but it's very limited. You can obviously do some as check, but again, like it's really limited. And when you want to do encryption, then it has to be done at the application level. So you need to, you know, agree how these microservices will encrypt the application if it will be like a one way encryption or mutual TLS or things like that. And then for all the other requirements we discussed about you need to to find third party software that will allow you to manage access control or telemetry or, you know, manage certificates and things like that. So obviously, just Kubernetes alone doesn't do much for you. Another approach is to take the approach that has been used for some time. And especially when people were not running microservices on Kubernetes. There was this approach of using an API gateway, not for the edge, but for service to service communication.  But you cannot do everything. I mean like, it doesn't solve the encryption problem like the end to an encryption.  The main issue with this approach is really that it becomes quickly a bottleneck. And you don't want, I have microservices I can now scale my pods independently. But everything goes to an API gateway. So that doesn't really make sense. And that's why the service mesh appears. And the idea of the service mesh is really to separate the control plane from the data plane. So on one side you have the control plane where you will define rules, and then you have the data plane where you will enforce the rules.  And then I enforce that using this notion of a sidecar proxy. So what it means is that every time I start a pods, I have like an additional container running in this pot that runs a proxy. And because now I have this proxy running on all the pods, when the pods communicate together, they can handle your encryption, for example. So like there is a plan HTTP request from this service to this service, but it's encrypted in the middle by the proxy that agreed on their identity. And that started to, you know, put in place mtls and things like that. And because all the traffic goes through this sidecar proxy, you can get some telemetry data. And you can know more about which service talk to which service, you can create a map out of that, you can, you know, you know how many errors that you got, you know, during this communication, and so on. And here you probably recognize Envoy, the logo of Envoy here. And it's not the Azar because it's by far the most popular way or the most popular proxy in a service mesh deployment. So all the service mesh technologies are not equal. They are not all based on a sidecar proxy, but most of them are. So I think that there is a large consensus that the overheads that you pay for running a sidecar proxy with each pod is, it's really worth paying this overhead. It's not a huge overhead, it's very small. And it gives you so many benefits that really became now the standard way of bidding a mesh. And then you have some differences from one mesh to another, like if you look at console connect, for example, instead of having a single control plane, you would have that component running as a demon set so you have like multiple instances of it on each node. And they don't force, they don't, it doesn't come with Envoy, but it allows you to use Envoy because definitely a lot of people are going that direction. And that's also what you see in InkerD. That's what you see in Istio which is today the most popular service mesh technology. Why you see Envoy all the time is because, first of all, it's part of the CNCF. I assume you know what the CNCF is if you are watching this webinar, but obviously being part of a neutral foundation is something very interesting. The reason why it's so popular is because, I mean, it's proven at scale running on many environments. It provides a lot of performance.  And that also was very interesting. It has been really designed to be driven by API. So it has been designed to be driven by a control plane. So Envoy is a data plane and you define your configuration somewhere else and you apply it with an API, which makes a lot of sense for service mesh, obviously, as we've seen just before. Now, what are the most common challenges with service mesh? You have many, but I'll focus on a few. So one is like which one to choose. And I think I already addressed that point just before, you know, I've said that there are multiple options. Obviously, when you look at the right option, I would say that first of all, finding one that is based on Envoy is probably a good choice, even if now it's kind of most of them. And then like you have some service mesh technologies that are like pushed by one vendor and some that are like more like pushed by neutral foundations. And in the second case, then the question is who is going to support it like you have this nice open source service mesh technologies. And one one is definitely Istio. Now it's like who is going to support it like because you need to have someone helping you to define what's the best way to deploy your service mesh. But also, when something is going wrong, you need to have a company with some expertise at different levels, including Envoy, so that they can help you understand what's wrong. So that's really something important like how you're going to get support for it. Then how you will be able to use it with your existing microservices, because as I said, a lot of things are now handled by the service mesh. But it doesn't mean that there is no thing you have to do on the application side. Sometimes you just run your application and it works, but sometimes you have to to test really carefully so that you understand some problems that can occur. For example, like a very typical issue is when you have different timeouts. So in Istio, for example, you can define like timeouts for your request, but you also have very often timeouts defined in your application. So if these timeouts are conflicting, then it can create some very strange issue, very difficult to debug. So you really need to understand what timeouts, circuit breaking and stuff like that are implemented in your application before you move it in your service mesh. Also, it's quite rare that everything will run in the mesh. So you will have like some of your microservices running in the mesh, but you will still have these microservices still need to communicate with other services that are not in the mesh. And they can run in a virtual machine, they can run even in bar metal. So you need to understand that and you need to think about the strategy for these environments. And the last challenge, which is the one I will go a little bit deeper on is how do I manage multiple clusters. And the reason why I will cover that with more detail is because first of all, it's a very common challenge that we have from users. How I'm able to handle cross cluster communications. And the second reason is that I even see some time users that go to service mesh, they want to adopt service mesh just because of that because they want a way for microservices on different clusters to communicate together. So what you want to do is something like that you want to have like different Cuban clusters, let's say, that runs in different regions, perhaps even different cloud provider or one in a cloud one on premise or two on premise in different data centers for example, and you want to allow a service in this mesh on the left to communicate with a service in the mesh on the right. And that's, that's challenging. There are many challenges. The first one is about identity. So the way service mesh like I'll take the example of Istio here. So the way Istio works is that you have this unique identity for each service that is based on SPIFI. So you get what we call a SPIFI ID and the SPIFI ID is based on the service account of the pod. So basically the first best practice is you need to have one service account for each service so that you can have each service as its own identity. So you get like this SPIFI ID and the SPIFI ID in Istio start by the trust domain slash NS slash namespace slash SA slash the service account. So first of all, the first is trust domain and the trust domain in Istio by default is cluster.local. So if you deploy two different service mesh based on Istio, then they will have the same trust domain. So if I have the same service account name in the same namespace in two different clusters, the pods that are using these service accounts have the same identity on the two clusters, which is a problem. If I want to have some global access control or things like that. So the first thing you need to fix is you need to make sure you have different trust domain, one trust domain per cluster. And then you need to make sure that you can secure the communication with mutual TLS. And to do that, you need this pod here or the proxy in this pod to be able to start MTS communication with this one here. So it needs to validate the certificate of this one and this one needs to validate the certificate of this one. It's possible to do that, naturally, because both certificates have been signed by the same CA cert in this cluster in this mesh. But if this one wants to validate the certificate of this one here, then there is an issue because they have different CA certificates. So the first thing you need to do, you need to federate the identity. You need to have a common root certificate that is used to sign the intermediate cert on each side that is then used to sign this certificate used by each proxy. So that's really like federation of identity. So you see just like the trust domain and, you know, having like a common root cert and all these things. It's very complex already. Like it's a lot of things you have to do. And it's only one thing, one of the challenge. Then you need to define how the services communicate together. You see it goes through the edge gateway, but it's not like native. You have to, this pod by default is not aware at all that there is another service here. So you need to create multiple configuration, multiple, you know, you objects, Istio objects to allow this communication. Then you need to find a way to manage access control globally because all the capability you get natively in Istio are just like based on, you know, the fact that you have one mesh. And you have multiple other challenges and each one, each challenge is highly complex to solve. So that's why at solo.io we launched this project called Service Mesh Hub, which is an open source project. And the idea of the Service Mesh Hub is that it comes with this notion of a virtual mesh.  And it will do the, it will federate the identity. So, you know, create this root set and sign the intermediate certificate and all these things, it will do all this complex stuff for you. And then when you have this virtual mesh in place, you can create some traffic policies and access policies to determine which service need, how one service can talk to another service and which service is allowed to talk to another service. And you just create this high level abstraction and Service Mesh Hub will translate that in Istio objects. And here I take the example of Istio because that's we started with Istio, but we already released the first, you know, part of the support we want for open service mesh. We are also working on App Mesh. So the idea is also to have this higher level of abstraction that will be translated in the corresponding object depending on the technology you want to use. And also to allow you to have like cross cluster communication, even if you have different mesh technologies. So I'm going to take an example because I'm going to do a demo. So in this example, you know, we use this Bookinfo application, which is like something you probably know if you already played with Istio, which is like based on several microservices. You have a front end microservice that is called the product page that then send requests to backend microservices called reviews and details, and the reviews called another one called rating. And here what we are going to do, we are going to show you how easy it is to allow this product page service, not only to talk to the review service running there locally, but also to talk to the review service running on the other cluster, on the other mesh. And you see the difference is that here I have only V1 and V2, while here I have V1, V2 and V3. And I'll show you that in a minute. And the idea is that I, in the demo, I've just created this very simple policy where I define that all the requests that goes through that target the review service on this cluster. On V1, I want to send 75% of the request on the other cluster, on version 3, 15% on the same cluster, like the local one on version 1 and 10% on version 2 and the local cluster. So very simple to define policies that way. And I'll show you that in the demo how it works, and then I'll show you how I should have done that without service mesh. So the complexity that it would be to do that. So let me jump on this demo environment. So in this demo environment, then what I have is, and I'm going to show you that very quickly here. So I have like, basically like three kind clusters, each kind cluster has like different names like MGMT where I have service mesh up, it could run on the same as one of the Istio cluster but just want to show it's not mandatory. And then I have one cluster one and one core cluster two. So I have one Istio on these two clusters. And what I already did is that I already created the virtual mesh we discussed before. And when I, when I deployed Istio you see I use different trust domain you see cluster two here, cluster one here. So that I get like different identities between my services. And then I, as I said I created this virtual mesh. Let me show you here. Just there so the virtual mesh very simple you see you define the two measures you want to target. And then what I created is that some access control but we will go back to access control a little bit later. And here for the multi cluster traffic. What I'm going to do now is to create this traffic policy that we have just seen before but just the cluster name change you see cluster one is the local and cluster two is the remote one. So I'm going to just like that here. And what I'm going to show in fact I will, I will even delete it first so that you see what's the current status before I created. So this is the product page here. And you see when I refresh the page, sometimes I get black stars, which means that it's the version to V2 of the reviews microservice. Sometimes I get no stars, which means I have a rich version one of this microservice. But even if I refresh many times, I never get the red stars which is the version three, because I didn't put in place my policy yet. So now, let me try to have this policy that we described before. And if I refresh here you see already get the red star directly. And if I refresh several times. Most of the time I will get like the red stars because I say 75% of the time I want to have the red stars. So very simple way of doing it. But if I would do that manually, I will need to do this kind of thing that we need to create a virtual service and is to virtual service where I define something similar to what I defined before. But with this global name, you know, finishing by global to to instruct Istio that it's not running locally. Then I would need to create a destination rule for that that has all the subset defined there. Then I would need to create a service entry for the service that runs on the other cluster to make the local cluster aware of it. And then on the other cluster, I will need to have like an envoy filter to remove like the dot kinds with a global or in my case cluster to the global and to replace by cluster the local and then another destination rule for the subset and so on. So a lot of complexity that is replaced by just like this very simple traffic policy. And what's interesting as well is something that we are launching now is like this UI that allows you to basically have like an idea about what's going on in your mesh. So you see here I have my virtual mesh with two meshes. And I can see as well that I have like, you know, these Istio versions running on each of them. And I can see that I created some policies, you know, this is a simple policy I just created here. And I can see which services are targeted by this policy. And I can also define access policies. For example, here I allow the review service to talk to the rating service. So to do that, basically I created something like that I created an access policy where I say the reviews running on cluster one or on cluster two is allowed to communicate with the rating service on whichever site. And if I go to the UI here, I see that the rule is enforced, but I also see now in real time what pods are impacted by this whole. So if I start a new pod with, you know, the semi service account and I will see them there. It's a very convenient way to see, you know, what's going on. And you can like define failover like I will discuss later. And when everything is running you can even like use it to debug you know what I've been created on Istio, you know the different virtual services that have been created in the service mesh hub, you know the service entries, you know all this stuff to, you know, understand how service mesh has translated your I level rules in Istio objects and obviously, as I said, soon in OSM or at mesh objects. I was an example for like a traffic policy, you know, to do like multi cluster or cross cluster communication. But we can also use it for failover, for example, so we can say like, if I cannot reach this service locally then I want to reach the one on the remote site. And again, you would have like I level abstraction service mesh up that that makes that easy to implement. So that's, that was just like a quick introduction to service mesh up. Obviously, you can go on our website to learn more about that. And now what I want so we started with like, you know, how we go from you know monolith to microservices, how we run our microservices on Kubernetes. Then we went through how we expose these microservices, you know with ingress or with an API gateway. And then we discussed about the service to service communication and we discussed about the service mesh in general and the different options there, the challenges and then how you do like cross cluster communication with service mesh. Now let's talk about the future, you know what's next you know what's coming and what's very interesting to to to look at. So the next thing is really WebAssembly and I'm sure you already heard about it. So WebAssembly was really built for the browser so that you can run some functions that you don't want to write them in JavaScript for performance reasons or for other reasons. Then you write like you create this web assembly binary and you can have like a contract between JavaScript and this binary and you can you can call some of the functions from from your JavaScript in your browser. WebAssembly, it has now been also like implemented in Envoy. So the Envoy community has been working hard on that. We've been also very active on that site. And why why that because if you think about Envoy and the way we create filters today. So if you are familiar with Envoy, you probably know what it is. Otherwise, let me explain quickly. So let's say you have a request that comes to Envoy. Then what if you want to modify this request in one way or another, you create filters. And you have what we call a filter chain. You can change the filters one after the other. So that's one like modifier. The other one like check the, you know, and the external authentication and so on. But today, you have to write these filters in C++ and you have to statically link them in Envoy. So that means that you need to re you really need to compile everything together. And then you ship everything together. So it's really dynamic. Like first of all, if you want to build your own filter, you will need to use C++ which is not very convenient for most of the people. And also when your filter is ready, then you cannot just say, okay, I want to push it to my Envoy that is running in production. You cannot do that. You will have to replace that Envoy running in production by the new one that embed your filter. So it's definitely not easy.  But you always have cases where someone wants to do something very specific to his business logic, and it would be very convenient if they can write filter for that. But also because Envoy is running everywhere in the mesh, if I am able to write some codes or easily some filters, then I could also have a way to alter the communication that happens between services. That gives a lot of possibilities. So what we did in Solo.io, we created these two projects, you know, one was me and one that's called WebAssembly Hub. So the idea is really to make it easier for you to build your WebAssembly filters and to deploy them. So basically, we have written a few, a couple of SDKs, you know, C++ based on C++ and based on AssemblyScript. Others have created and provided like SDKs for Rust or TinyGo. And we took all of them and basically we created this CLI that's called WASMI that allows you to really simply decide which language you want to use. Then you write your codes based on this language and then you do have an experience that is very similar to Docker. So instead of a Docker build, you do WASMI build and it just builds your WebAssembly binary based on the SDK you decided to use. And in fact, it stored that in an OCI image, so the same format that you find for Docker.  And then you would do like a WASMI push, like you would do a Docker push so that you would push it in a what we call a WebAssembly hub. And then when you want now to use that filter, you can just do like a WASMI deploy and it will just like a deploy that filter on Envoy. It can be Envoy running on Glue, Envoy running on Istio, Envoy running on any mesh that is different but we started with Glue and with Istio on the WASMI CLI. So let me do a demo and show you what you can do with that. So let me just go back to this environment we have here. We have this product page, like we described, and if I go a little bit down here, see my WASMI stuff there. If I try to see the headers, when I go to this product page, you see I get a 200 and you see the current headers I get. So what I want is like it's very simple filter that I want to implement that add a new header called hello with the value world, but you can you could put whatever else. I will not show you how you write the code, you know, as I said you have different SDKs and it would take too much time. So what I did is that I already like already created one that is just based on the little world example. And I already installed the WASMI CLI so I should see I see what's me should get it. So what I'm going to do now is that I'm going to so I have several clusters so we'll do that for cluster one. And I should see here the pods, and I see my product page and my two versions only that are running on this cluster. And I'm going to do like a WASMI deploy and you see very similar to so you see I say Istio because I could do that on glue but here it's Istio and then you see very similar to when you use like a Docker image, the WebAssembly hub which is like the hub itself and my username the name of my filter and the version the tag. And that's the idea I want to use and then here I can see I can define what service I want to target so here I want to target the product page only. So if I click there. And hopefully everything goes well. Then we should have it applied and currently normally if you use the latest version upstream of Envoy, you don't need to do anything I mean it doesn't restart the cycle proxy, because you can load the filter during runtime. But here you'll see that it has restarted that because the latest Istio version is not based on the latest upstream that allows that. So that's why currently we restart but imagine like next major Istio will be based on the Envoy version that can handle that without any restart. But as I said it's still experimental sometimes we need to help it a little bit. So let me just restart because there is like also a cache we need to use to cache the filter before we can run it on Envoy because currently again with this version of Envoy that runs on this version of Istio you have to mount that image so that's why we restart the pod. But in the latest version you don't need to do that it's just like you can you can just define directly basically you can give it that information and it can pull it directly which is a lot better. So now what I want to do is just like see if I do a curl again where was my curl. Okay so if I do a curl here you see hello world so that means that now my filter is loaded and you see how easy it was to deploy it. But that's still you know the request that goes from the outside world to Istio through the Istio in great gateway. What if I want to do that for Istio's traffic. So it's easy we will in this case we will target the reviews microservice because this one is is called by the product page microservice. Again I'm deploying the same way and then I'm going to you do use kubectl exec to basically send a request from the product page to the reviews microservice and to print the errors. So again I'm just going to look at my pods and see yeah it's already terminating so that sounds good.  And you see here you don't see the yellow world right why why I don't see the yellow world is just because I still have my traffic police in place. So 75% of the time it goes to the second site and in this second site in the reviews microservice I didn't add this filter. But if I run it several times, like probably four times I should start to see the yellow words coming somewhere. Do I see it somewhere? Should come soon. Okay I don't know it's fine I will not spend too much time on it but you get the idea. Basically you can use it for a filter that you want to use to transform the request coming from the outside world through the SEO Ingress Gateway. But you can also use it to alter the communication or to modify the request that goes from one service to another service. So I think I am like yeah still have some time after for some questions. So I really recommend a few things. First of all, this blog post on our website that you see here that really explain more about you know WebAssembly and the current Christian Posta and Yuval Kouavi from our teams have done a good job to explain how it works and to explain the limitation to explain why it's not ready for production yet. What's next things coming and hopefully we'll be able to use that in production very soon. But it's really something I recommend you to read. And you know I mean like as I said it's it's upstream now in Envoy I think it's I pasted when it was two days ago but it's like two weeks ago now so it's it's quite new. But things are moving very fast. There are still a few things that need to happen before you can really use it in production but but that should definitely be very soon. So I kept some time for question and answers. I think there was one but Betty already replied. So I don't know if we have other questions coming. Feel free to ask your question now. We have some time to answer them. I was on mute there. See after. So for the first question there was about surface mesh hub and if that's open source or if it's a solo project. So so the service mesh hub is an open source project. And all the capabilities I have shown in the demo like being able to handle traffic across clusters, fill it out the identity, you know failover that I discussed about everything is open source. The last thing only thing that I have shown that is not going to be open source is the UI that I have used to show you the policy I've created. So that's UI is not part of the open source version. And we are going to have like an enterprise version with this UI but also with some additional capabilities like being able to define our back. But you know who can define what kind of policies and, and many other interesting things, but definitely you can use a service mesh, the open source version, and you can get all the benefits I described in the demo. Yeah, and a follow on to that is, you know, if you know who's contributing who's involved. This is definitely an active open source project from this from solo internally but there is a weekly community meeting and we've had other, other vendors that are working with service mesh participating to make sure that this can work with their mesh, their meshes, as well as you know just other other general community members and users who are involved, you know make suggestions or have PRs. And another question here from Tony is, is service mesh have considered production ready. This is, go ahead. Yeah, I mean, like, it's, we are going to GA the enterprise version. And at that time we would consider like service mesh in general to be GA. But I mean, it's, it's coming very soon. And, and I assume that someone who would start today to, to, to, to look at service mesh up and start to implement it and try it out and so on. At the time you will be ready to go in production. We will consider that also ready for production but but right now I mean, you could already use it in production I mean it's, it's, it has all the features that you need for that obviously it's quite new so you need to do some extensive planning probably based on your use case and based on your environment. But definitely, it's, it's already quite mature, and it's something we will consider really production ready very soon, especially as soon as you will start to, to, to see us like communicating about the enterprise version and the GA. So for some context for folks service mesh hub was originally launched in May of 2019 at actually KubeCon Europe, back when we used to have conferences at locations in real life. And then this spring what we did is we did a major update to it, as well as open sourced it so the open sourcing is just this year but it is something that's been around for 18 months now. So working with end users and customers has been the definition in addition of additional features specifically specifically to help with security and scale for the enterprise use case. So that's really what Dennis is talking about what's coming soon. So any other question, but but you know as Betty said, you know we have our Slack channel, you can register and we have like a service mesh. channel here. And, you know, you can ask questions, like give feedback. Ask, you know, like if you try it and you are stuck like we're happy to help. If you want to contribute, you are more than welcome as well. Yeah, you're welcome to join in the repose. Both Dennis and I are also are in the CNCF Slack. You'll find us there you'll find us at the upcoming cube con virtual. And then we also have a solo Slack as well for, you know, like, that's where primarily the these project discussions happen. Yeah, and that looks like that's it for today. Thanks everybody. And we will see you all in a few weeks at cube con. Thank you.


Cool. Hi everyone, thank you so much for being here on this afternoon on a lovely sunny Sunday. I'm going to be talking to you today about why pizza means I love you. My name is Dr Sarah Wiseman and I'm a lecturer of computer science at Goldsmiths University. That's why you should listen to my opinions on emoji because I've got a doctor in front of my name. It's got nothing to do with emoji but don't worry about that. So I'm going to start this talk like all good talks should in that I'm going to quote from the dictionary. So I'm not sure if all of you know this but every year Oxford English Dictionary choose a word of the year. They choose it in order to represent what was happening in that year. What really in one word tells you what was happening in that year. They're all really depressing so get ready for these most recent ones. They gave us vape and selfie and the increasingly useful post truth and omni shambles. Now can anyone tell me what the word of the year was in 2015? Yes, someone can. Emoji. Are you saying it's the word emoji? Does anyone else want to have a go? Yes, what do you think it was? What? Or love? Very good, very good guessing. The word of the year in 2015, according to Oxford English Dictionaries, was laughing face with tears of joy. Oxford English Dictionaries were very proud to announce their first pictograph. It was very cute. Now why did they choose this emoji? Well they chose it because the word emoji and the amount of emojis that we were using in 2015 was astronomical. It had seen an amazing rise in popularity. And they worked with the company Swiftkey to work out what was the most popular emoji that was being used that year. And it was laughing face with tears of joy. I can tell you that since 2017 it has stopped being the most popular emoji. I will let you all decide what on earth could have happened in the year 2016 to make everyone in the world less happy. Anyway, now it's absolutely appropriate that there should be an emoji word of the year because emoji is so, so important to us. Even if you don't like it, lots of people out there are using it. There are 60 million emoji used every day on Facebook. And I can tell you that with thanks to my friends at Cambridge Analytica. Now 60 million is a massive amount and it's quite incredible, isn't it?  Emoji are here to stay and they matter to us. Did you know that you are twice as likely to open a marketing email if there's an emoji in the subject line? So the next time you do that be aware that you are being gamed very seriously. But they're here to stay. We use 2.3 trillion emoji in 2016 on various messaging apps across various platforms. They're really, really important. Now I probably don't need to tell you all of that. I'm sure most of you have used an emoji today in fact. So I want to tell you about why this is important to me in emoji form. And to do that I need to tell you a story. So I'm going to tell you a story about my friend. My friend wanted to buy herself a new house. As you will know houses cost a lot of money so she was saving for absolutely ages. She had done everything she could think of to save money. She had even moved in with her mum and dad. They will not thank me for representing them like that. So don't tell them I've used those emoji. And she'd even done the almost impossible thing of giving up avocado on toast. And so after all of that work and all of the effort that she put in. I was absolutely thrilled when last year I got a text from her. It's finally happened. We exchanged on the house. She'd finally found this dream house. She'd been working so hard towards. She'd been saving. Everything about her life. Finally this had happened to her. I was thrilled. I was overjoyed. I was ecstatic. And so I responded in the only way I knew how. Yes. Yes. Okay that response it turns out was the same response she had. I hadn't really thought when I'd sent their reply. Now that reply of carp streamers. It means something to me and it means something to one other person on this planet who also happens to be in this room. Me i'n my sister. There she is. Me i'n my sister have been sending carp streamers to each other for a lot of years and we cannot work out why we have been doing it. But it means I'm thrilled. I'm ecstatic. I'm overjoyed. This is the most fantastic thing that's ever happened. Why? So I was sending a really positive message and she didn't acknowledge it. Neither did you all. So I'm quite offended. But it made me realise actually there's this weird thing that me and Amy are doing. Amy is my sister. I'm going to call her Amy. I'm going to forget to call her sister. But there you are. You know who she is now. This is weird thing that we are doing. And I wanted to know more about this. I've always known that me and Amy are special. My mum always tells us this. But are we special enough that we're the only ones doing this? Are we the only ones out there that are using emoji for a different purpose just with one other person? So it gave me kind of two questions. One, do people repurpose emoji and use them for things they shouldn't? And two, are there people out there doing it with one other person to create a bond? So let's answer that first question, shall we? Are there people out there who are repurposing emoji? Yes. Obviously. Obviously there are people that are using emoji that aren't meant for their intended purpose. Now what do I mean by intended purpose? Well every year the Unicode consortium meet and they decide what new emoji we get. And they assign a name to each of those emoji. So for example, this emoji is called egg plant. Whereas most people in this room will know that it's an aubergine and we don't use the word egg plant. No, I don't mean that. But anyway, they give them these names and that means that there's often a disconnect. It means that we as users of these emoji, we never see those titles, we never see those names. We just see them in pictorial form, which often means that we give them our own meanings and we can assign them to something else. Now the Unicode consortium, they also get to decide on what new emoji we get. This year they've created one for describing your EMF tent in the night time. They've given us the chilly freezing face. But it means we get a lot of new emoji and we don't necessarily know what all the names are. Now, I have a question for you. I would like you to tell me, does anyone know what this Unicode character is? U1F351. Does anyone want to have a guess? I'll tell you, it has a lot to do with when in 2016 Apple ruined sexting. Does anyone else want to have a guess now? You all know it. It's the peach, it's the lovely peach. So in 2016 Apple users were furious. They were in uproar because Apple had ruined sexting for them. The way Apple had done that is that they had taken their peach emoji, which has always looked like this, and they wanted to give it an update. They wanted to freshen it up and they wanted to redraw it. And so for iOS 10.2, they were suggesting maybe we need to draw these emoji in a different way. So they gave us peach looking like this. People were furious. Why were people furious though? Well, Emojipedia have done a study looking into the ways that people use the peach emoji. And it turns out that it's not that often used to mean the fruit, surprisingly. It turns out that 4% of the time when people are using peach, they're meaning it in the sense of peachy keen and peachy cool and various things like that. 7% of the time when they're using this emoji, they mean the fruit. Okay, that's good. That's still a lot of percentage left though, isn't it? 73% of the time when the peach emoji features on Twitter in messages anywhere, it's referring to a bum. Why is that? Well, technically...  Sorry, I didn't have anything else. It looks like a bum. That's why. And so that's why people were really angry. Because this second incarnation, people didn't really think it did the job. It wasn't looking like a bum. And actually, people were so annoyed. People were so angry. People made such a fuss of it that, hooray, hurrah! The emoji was returned to its butt-like state. And this is wonderful. But it actually acknowledges the fact that tech companies, big tech companies like Apple are aware of and respect the fact that we as users of emoji add our own meanings onto them, that we aren't always going to listen to what they're called. Now, it's very likely that I haven't blown anyone's mind yet. You probably already knew about the peach emoji. And it's so well known that we are assigning these different uses to emoji that companies are actually cashing in on it. This is something that Jurex... I'm either going to surprise or disappoint or make you happy here to say that this never actually existed. This was just a marketing campaign. Is there any size? I'm sorry if that was upsetting for you. But that just goes to show it's such a universal thing that we do. We add new meanings to emoji. Lots of people do it now. But that only answers my first question. We've only seen instances of people repurposing emoji at a very universal level. Let's start getting smaller. Let's start thinking about people that use emoji when they want to hide or conceal a message. Are we worried about doing this? Are we worried about criminals doing it? Terrorists, dodgy politicians? No, we're obviously worried about teenagers doing it. And I'm about to show you a news clip from an American TV show that is reporting on this very, very grave matter. Am I? Kids are starting to use some as a secret code that we as parents can necessarily figure out. Often it's a combination of emojis, like a face with a zipper along with, should be parents next to that zipper. That would tell you, that would mean, don't tell your parents about something. Now another one is a fox. You think that's a simple enough thing, a fox, right? But that can be a message to someone that you want to sneak out. Sneak out of the house. A skull, arrow and a flame. That can be a saying to someone, I hope you die in a fire. Wow. Okay guys, don't feel bad if you don't know why that means that. This is really complex stuff, okay? Anyway, you can see how sensationalist and ridiculous it is, but this is something that people are really concerned about and interested in because the older generation often feel like they're having information concealed from them by using these type of emoji. Another thing that the older generation wrongly believe is that they can reach out to millennials and make them buy products and engage in things if they use emoji. So I'm just going to do a test with you. I just want to see if you're able to decipher what this emoji message means. My one clue to tell you is, don't read it like you've ever read any emoji in your life before. Does anyone have any guesses about what it could mean? Oh my gosh, the young person in the audience. Have a go. Okay, that's going to be surprisingly prophetic in a moment. I do want to do it again so everyone can hear what you think. I hope that you put away all the bad stuff and start working out and getting more healthy and getting a more sexy bum for the first one and then for the bottom one, stop smoking. Good, it's always a good message. Thank you very much for that go. That's not quite it. I wouldn't be surprised if no one managed to get this one. This is, I want and want to fit in, but I don't want to smoke. That's so hopelessly trendy. Anyone here who came in smoking is just going to give up now, I imagine, because that's pretty effective as a message, isn't it? This is an astonishing piece of marketing that a company tried to release in order to engage millennials and young people in their messages about giving up drugs, giving up smoking. They thought, aha, we'll do it with emoji. That's how we'll get through to them. Now, I'm not just making fun of this company. I mean all props for giving it a go. It's always nice to try and give a healthy message out to people, but I do want to show you just how badly these types of messages can be interpreted because emoji don't always have a single meaning. This came to my attention because of a linguist called Gretchen McCulloch. She was sent this book to review the semiotics of emoji, the rise of a visual language in the age of the internet. She has an absolutely incredible Twitter thread where she goes through this entire book and highlights a lot of very interesting parts of it. I will link to the Twitter thread at the end, but I just want to highlight this one that I brought up with you. You'll remember what this meant. It said, I want to fit in, but I don't want to smoke. The author of this book, an academic, so obviously they knew best, decided that it meant the following. I'm tired of drinking or doing things to fit in, like an ant. So I need to be strong and eat the right things and not take drugs. What on clue where that has come from? I want to fit in like an ant. This is absolutely astonishing. This is a published book and this is just the tip of the iceberg in terms of the types of translations that this author offers for emoji. But my point being that sometimes we try to assign different meanings to emoji and sometimes we are worried that teenagers are doing it and sometimes we do not have a clue what we're saying. Anyway, so we've talked about the universal repurposing. We've talked about the case where everyone in the world knows what it means. Yeah, not everyone in the world. We've talked about this instance where teenagers might know what the secondary meanings mean. But you know what? We still haven't got to carp streamers. We still haven't narrowed the group down small enough and it's at that point that my research comes in because there was no one writing about this as far as I could tell. No one had talked about repurposing emoji with just one other person to create a bond. I decided to run a research experiment and I surveyed just over 70 people and asked them if they had an emoji that they reused and they gave a different meaning to when they were talking to just one other person and I got some really fantastic and interesting results and I'd really love to share them with you now. The most commonly repurposed emoji was the octopus. Lots of people reported using that for other meanings. Some of them lovely, some of them darker, a lot darker. That was one of the most common ones we found. The most commonly used pet name is penguin in emoji speak which is very adorable and if you do it you're not special. Loads of people are doing it. Come up with something better. So that was the most commonly used pet name. When people wanted to refer to a loved one in emoji speak they would use the penguin. Now, lots of people reported using emoji for excitement. These are results all of them from my survey apart from the top one because I asked my sister to fill in the survey and she did not fill in the survey. So I know that I have personal experience, anecdotal experience that people are using carp streamers to meet excitement. Other people reported using unicorns or this lovely game character to me and I'm excited, I'm happy.  Someone using the goat meaning horny and this bottom one someone reported trying to find the emoji that was the least sexy that they possibly could. Lucky them! So emoji used for sex. Moving on to other illicit things some people reported using emoji because they wanted to hide what they were doing. They wanted to specifically hide the intent of their message from prying eyes, maybe the law. So this person reported using this bugle for drugs because bugle blow a word for a certain drugs. So emoji can be used to hide your messages when you think that they might be grabbed in the middle and you don't want people to see them. Lots of people reported using emoji because there's this lovely shared history. For a lot of people an emoji can evoke a lot of things. For a lot of people an emoji can refer to a conversation that you had with someone. It can refer to a wonderful time you've had with someone. It can refer to a funny incident that you've had with someone. Rather than having to say to someone hey, do you remember that time which can feel clunky or uncomfortable at times? Emoji offer us a way to evoke something much, much larger than just the emoji itself. They act as a gateway to a shared history to encourage you to be able to talk about something with another friend. If you were thinking of another person and you wanted to talk about that special time you shared you can just send an emoji. It's just a bit more elegant than explicitly saying it in words. Other people reported using emoji because of the way that the emoji was drawn. This is very similar to what we do with Peach. Peach is repurposed to mean bum because it looks like that kind of. Two people reported using emoji in that similar way. This top one, someone wanted to use a coffin emoji but at the time they couldn't find one. They thought a person in a bath that sort of looks like a coffin. I think that's cool. This bottom one, thinking face. This was reported to be used by people to mean lesbian. The reason being that in American sign language that is lesbian in American sign language. It just so happens that the thinking face emoji can be used for that. There's no reason why it should look like that. Thinking face could be a statue with a thinking face. But it's not, it's that. There's no reason there's no link between thinking and the word lesbian but there is a link between the way it's been drawn. The way that emoji is drawn is really important. You might have realised this if you've ever texted your emoji cross-platform. Often the grimacing face can be misconstrued if you send it between an iOS device and an Android in one it looks quite happy and in one it looks quite unhappy. So it's really important to understand how emoji are drawn. Now, are the people using emoji to create windings? Does anyone understand that one? They're referring to their local pub, the Hatchet. I'm not going to say it out loud. It's funny, a lot of people are using emoji because it's just simply funnier to do that. Now, the British, we are not necessarily very good at saying what we mean and what we feel so again, emoji are a really useful way in a most emojis. Oh, my word. Help, I've gone too far. A way of sharing our in a most emotions and saying what we really mean without having to be too honest with ourselves. So lots of people are using emoji to mean I love you. Someone used a horse, I'm not sure why. They chose not to disclose that. But more than one person has a particular food type that they and their partner love. So that means I'm thinking about that food. I love that food and I love you. Which is why pizza emoji slice means I love you. As a result of this paper it's gone around my department. Now pizza emoji slice means anything to all of our colleagues. We just send pizza emojis willy nilly all over the place now. But it used to mean something special to someone. Now, this is my favourite one I would say. Sometimes people reported repurposing emoji just for an emotional connection. Sometimes it's really really hard to talk to someone. Sometimes it's really hard to tell someone how you really feel. And sometimes you need to just tell someone an idea, a thought, a concept and it doesn't really have words. Lots of people reported an emoji that they used just because talking is hard. Talking is hard sometimes and talking is really hard when we only have one medium to do it, when we only have the written word. And I think that's really the beauty of emoji. When we talk we don't just use our words, we use our tone we use gesture, we use touch and I think emoji give us that opportunity to add that texture to our digital written communication. They let us add another layer on top of what we're saying to another person. They let us tell them we're thinking about them that we let they let us tell them that that other person is important to you without having to say it. Because sometimes talking is hard when we let us get through that while still creating that connection to another person and while still allowing a bond. So that's the end of my talk. Thank you so much for listening. If you are into... Hang on, one second. I will say the paper if you want to read more about that paper can be found at that bit.ly link and if you want to read that incredible and I do use this word accurately incredible Twitter thread reviewing that book, it can be found at the bottom link there. And I think we do have time for questions. So if anyone has any questions, go for it. Thank you. Just to say, if anyone has any emoji that they use in this way, please please tweet me about them. I love hearing about them. First of all, thanks for the talk. I'm a bit crazy about emojis in Unicode. I had a little question regarding a thing you evoked during the talk but I think didn't tell too much into. It's like... The emoji, the way we see the emoji is not a part of the standard. It's part of the fonts that is selected by the manufacturer. Do you think that in the future there's going to be a problem with making the sense, the meaning of the emojis consistent across platform and across manufacturers and basically do you think that the emojis can become like another letter that the font doesn't matter for the interpretation? Yeah, I think that's a really good question and it's certainly one that I don't have a solution that I think would be appropriate. I think what this has highlighted is that it's important to whatever font you do choose for your emoji that it remains consistent that it doesn't suddenly change mid-use and it's difficult. I don't think that the solution is to say everyone's thinking face needs to look like this or everyone's heart needs to look like this because then I think we probably lose something. I think it's quite exciting that there are so many fonts and differences out there. I think one of the conclusions of our paper was not everyone needs to change so that we all use the same standard font across all platforms, although it might come to that. I think the conclusion was everyone needs to be very aware that the way that emoji are rendered and drawn needs to be incredibly considered and thought through and cannot on a whim be changed because although it may still represent the same thing to a lot of people out there it may become useless and it may no longer be able to be used for that secondary meaning. So I think that's a really good question and one I'm not sure where it's going to go but I'm intrigued to find out. Thank you. Did you have any examples in the paper of regional uses of emojis such for things like festivals that might only be attributed to a particular nation or a particular village and that people then talk to each other using emojis that represent that event? That's a really good question. I'm trying to think of them. I can't think of any regional ones off the top of my head but it's very frustrating. It feels like it's very close to the front of my brain that there is an example but I can't remember that. I know that there's a lovely paper showing you that people in different regions use emoji in different ways but in terms of your question I can't think of any regional examples but I can think of community examples. So there were a few people that used emoji that was specific to a particular community. Now forgive me if I may be about to misquote this and I haven't read it for a while but the red flag symbol or red I'm about to mess this up, sorry someone tweet me and tell me the actual answer. I believe that's representative of something within the autism community I think and so someone was using that to create bonds with other people in that same community so yes, I saw community ones I can't think of any geographical regional ones that I've found. This is a good question, thank you. Recently come across an effort to create a more open standard called mutant standard because I feel that unicode is almost moving too slowly and not being inclusive enough to cope with the evolution of the language and there's things like custom emojis in slack channels and things like that. How does that tension work do you think between the very specification oriented approach of unicode and the natural evolution of language? I don't know that's really interesting I'd love to talk to you about that afterwards actually if we may. I think probably the beauty of this is it shows that we can still evolve and take ownership of the pictographs and the characters that we are given that we are allowed to use in digital communication and I think this is good to show that we're still doing this because obviously with emoticons we began doing that we were given these punctuation points that we were told were to tell you when to pause in a sentence or when you were able to conjoin sentences or finish a thought no that's a smiley face and so I think it's quite nice that we are still able to fight against that constriction and I think probably constraining people leads to more creativity often so sorry I've just waffled here I would love to think about it it's a really interesting question I would love to talk to you more afterwards I think basically what I'm saying is yay we're creative it doesn't matter how you constrain us we will always represent what we want to say hi hi yeah I'm interested a little bit in your ways of obtaining data for these sorts of things so a lot of manufacturers will go to lots of effort to record keyboard information in order to give better spelling or better swiping usage or stuff like this is it possible to harvest data for these sorts of things or do you rely only on surveys so are you asking would we be able to skim emoji use data exactly no that's a really good question so that's not what I did this is very qualitative and it required people to reflect on those emoji but there are a load of really fantastic fantastic papers who have had access to data sets of millions of millions of millions of uses of emoji and I would recommend that you go to other experts who have done that type of research because it is fascinating to see when you do have a lot of data are you aware of any research into the use of emoji by people who use screen readers to blind people visually impaired where the image isn't going to come across and it's actually going to say peach yeah yeah yeah I mean I don't have any experience of using screen readers with emoji and I imagine it's a very unfulfilling use case I don't know how any research about that but that's a really fascinating question actually thank you for pointing that out to me I will have a think about that, thank you sorry I can't give you anything more useful do we one more question if anyone has one oh one more down here cool also I have a collection of emoji down here if anyone brought any to add to my collection they're making models okay sorry yes things I've noticed is different devices can sometimes render emojis slightly differently one being that the I think it's a grimacy smile on an apple phone oh no it's a smile on an apple phone can look like a grimace on an android and I've got majorly confused having a conversation is there any standardisation coming in not that I'm aware of and I think that's well it's similar to that question I think it might be a good thing that there's not standardisation I think it has excitement and intrigue to things but there are lots of lovely twitter stories of celebrities really badly misusing that face I believe to report on stories that they found were very tense and touching but on a lot of people's phones it looked like they were reporting on this very grim story with a great big smiley face next to it so it's quite amusing sometimes when they're misused okay oh sorry is that oh okay cool what's your opinion of the emoji movie I think it's very rare for research that I do to be of any interest or relevance to the blockbuster movie industry so I'm happy it exists and I'm also happy that I haven't seen it nor will I ever thank you thank you


So this is the Infinix Note 12 VIP. What does it mean to have a device that's VIP? Well, it means you're getting this. Now I wanna give a big shout out to Infinix for sponsoring this video as we check out the Note 12 VIP as a gaming smartphone. And by the way, the price point is quite delightful for a device like this. Now, we have a device here that has a 6.7 inch display, 120 Hertz plus 360 Hertz touch sampling. So you know what that means. As gamers, it means better touch sampling. Of course, while we're playing our first-person shooters and also faster refresh rate for the games we like to play. Now, this is all powered by the MediaTek Helios G96. You should give us a release all performance. And we also have eight gigs of RAM on this model with 256 gigabytes of storage. So you're going eight gigs of RAM is nice, but when I'm playing a lot of games and I'm moving from game to game, that might not be enough. And that's true, which is why they have something called Mem Fusion or memory fusion where you can go in and actually expand your memory using the storage in increments of either two, three or five gigabytes. So you can go up to 13 gigabytes of RAM in terms of using more RAM while you're gaming. So I really like that feature. And that's one that is easily accessible in the settings. Let's get into the crux of the matter, right? Let's look at some of the games we like to play. Start off with Call GD Mobile. Call GD Mobile plays well. We get a solid 60 frames per second. We're running this at high settings on this device here with the Note 12 VIP. What I like about it is it just feels really smooth and really comfortable. Now, the other thing to notice is that while you play games like Call GD Mobile and PUBG Mobile, which we'll be checking out later, of course, temperatures are very important. This has nine layer graphing cooling to basically cool down the device so that it doesn't stay super hot while you're going through your gameplay sessions. Now, when we move over to PUBG Mobile, we play this at smooth ultra and we're getting a solid 40 frames per second, which is to be expected. And we're getting some really nice gameplay moments here. And again, solid performance all around. So I think what we're seeing from this device is just really impressive gameplay. Now, the one thing I want to add though is the game center. Or you could say the game hub, if you will. This is accessible from your in-game menu by swiping left to right from the left hand side of the screen. And this gives you some nice, simple, clear options. You can go in, customize your notifications. You can also go ahead and screenshot, screen record. But you can also remap buttons. And you're going, wait, which buttons am I supposed to remap? Your volume rocker. So you can actually remap the volume up or down buttons for specific functions. For me, I like to remap my volume up button for my reload function. So when I'm playing Call of Duty Mobile, I can go ahead and reload my weapon whenever I need to. And I like that. Even though this doesn't have a lot of physical buttons as maybe some gaming devices will have, the fact that they were able to look at that and pinpoint that for that is really good. I absolutely love that. And I think that's a great thing to have in a device like this, especially when you're spending time gaming for long periods of time. Now, of course, I wanted to see how we would do with games with high refresh rates. I went ahead and played some Real Racing 3. Now Real Racing 3 can go support up to 120 frames per second. We're getting about 86 on this and it was really good solid gameplay performance all the way. I think a lot of people will like this for what it is. And you're going, okay, look, Thunder E. You've shown us three games. They performed well. Now, how much is this device? Well, it's $299. So think about all the gaming performance you just saw at a price point it's $299. And I haven't even talked about the camera. This video really isn't about the camera, but you have 108 megapixel shooter right here. And of course the 60 megapixel front-facing camera, which means you should be getting some really solid photos at this price point, plus being able to play the games you want to play thoroughly. I think that is one of the best things about this. And of course, some of you are going to ask, what about Genshin Impact? Yes, I went ahead and played Genshin. I played Genshin at standard settings and I was able to get 29 frames per second, which of course Genshin runs at 30. And that is what this device can definitely do. And it does a fantastic job at it. So what do you think of the Note 12 VIP? Do you think this is the device that you like for? It's price point is 300 bucks, with of course is expandable RAM, as well as also the fast charging. And then some of the gaming features we've seen using the MediaTek Helios G96. Now, if you guys have any questions or any comments, let me know. Or if you want to pick it up, use the links down below. This is Thunder E.Sane, thank you. And, always enjoy entertainment.