Recently I brought you a declutter video where I decluttered over 350 beauty products. It was excessive, it was a four-year project, and you did ask to see what I had left in my collection. So that's what I'm bringing you today. But I realized that after doing that other video that was about 40 minutes, something like that long, that it was a little bit too long. So what I'm going to do in this video is I'm going to split it into two parts. I have a cabinet full that I use and I'm going to just take that cabinet and I'll split it into its top part and then into its bottom part. So you'll be able to see both part one and part two in the next couple of days. This is part one. And we are going to get into what I have in my makeup collection and how I organize that right now. Okay friends, so I thought I would just start out by showing you what I use for my storage. There is my laptop that I do everything on. This is my nightstand next to my bed. And then I, that is a tower that I got from Hobby Lobby that is like the Ikea doors, but it's a little bit more on the shabby chic side. And then last summer I got one that is about half the size at a garage sale, which I really like. And then I store some of my palettes on top there. I do have palettes stored in other places as well. So let me just start by showing you what's in here. In the bottom drawer right here, there is all of my hair care items. I have my hair dryer, my curling irons, my brushes, and a lot of my hair products. And then in this drawer right here, I have more hair products that I use, which I can show you at a different time. These are my devices, skincare devices, my NYRA, my microcurrent, my top lane hair laser hair removal. And then right here are the foundations and the primers that I'm trying to use. There's a lot in there. They're ones that I'm wanting to test that I haven't really got to yet, or ones that I'm thinking about trying to dupe as far as that goes. In the top drawer right here is a full drawer of Shea Glam. I'm going to be going and doing hopefully a full face of Shea Glam before very long. I'm excited about that. All right, friends, so this is the little caddy that you saw on top of the black holder over there, the black little dresser over there. From Illia, this is their Cool Nude Necessary Eyeshadow Palette. I got sent this very recently. Need to try that out. From NARS, I purchased this one. This one is the Climax Eyeshadow Palette. Do they have any other name for anything at NARS? And then Charlotte Tilbury, this is one I got last year. This is the Light Gasm. And I've loved this, been using this quite a bit. From Bare Minerals, they sent this one to me. This is their Blue Palette. Cool Grays and Blues. This is the Mineralist Eyeshadow Palette. And it doesn't say a name. Stonewashed. Stonewashed is right there on the packaging. Then from Hourglass, each year I do pick up their palettes that are around the holidays. And I love using these. You get such a variety of them. This one was from last year. I did pick up this one from last year as well. And that one is called the Lighting Edit Sculpture. And then this one was from two years ago, I believe, maybe three years ago. I just, I love these. I keep them. This one is from this year. I really do like these. I think that they are great palettes and they're a great way to try out Hourglass if you haven't before. And then of course this one was a couple years ago. That's the Ghost one. And I have the other one to go with that. And then right in front of there I have a Tom Ford Eyeshadow Quad that I would have never bought in a million years. But I was at the cosmetic store at my local outlet mall. And they had where you could get five or six items for $10 each. And so I picked this up and I haven't even had a chance to try it yet. So we'll be working with that soon. This is from LA Girl. This is their Keep It Playful Eye Palette. Love this. It's very well loved on that one. And then I have from NABLA, their Midnight Cutie Palette. Really love this one. I don't know if I'm too crazy about all that sparkle right there. But it does adhere to your eyes really well. So for some special occasion, I think that would be great. Behind that on that side over there is my loved Sephora Micro Smooth Palette. This is a dupe for these Hourglass ones. They are so good. I love these. They are every bit as good a quality and they just perform so well. So nice on those Pixie by Petra. This is my Nuance Quartet Sugar Blossom. I had a bunch of these, but this is the one that stood out to me. And if you've never seen any of Pixie's Highlighters, oh my word. They are gorgeous. No shimmer or no glitter in them. Just beautiful shimmer. My Of Quartz palette. I have a bunch of color pop right here. Of Quartz. So pretty. This one is from the Sephora Collection as well. I Bloom. This is one of my favorites because it's got cool tones, but it has that pop of warmth in there too. Hopefully that's the name of it. This is from Cover FX. This is one of their face palettes. I don't think you can get this one anymore. You might be able to get it on Mercari or Poshmark. But I have loved this so much. It's such a good palette. From Colourpop Flutter by Palette. Oh, I need to work with this right now while it's the holidays and really get some use out of that one. This palette, this is the Smashbox, the Kelly Contour palette. If you haven't had a chance to buy that palette, it is so, it's so quality. And I love it. You can throw this in your purse and have this as just one and done for so many things like eyebrows, highlighter, blush, setting powder. It's a gorgeous palette. And then I have the Violets from Juvia's Place, which I really love. And then I have the Cool Vibes from Violet Voss. I bought that this year too. And this is one amazing palette. It's one of my very favorites. Okay. And over here is the Persona palette. This is the Original Identity palette, which I love those neutrals in there. That is such a beautiful palette. From Alter Ego, The Shadow Kiss, which is a dupe for the Natasha Denona Glam palette. I really, really like this palette. I think it's fantastic. Here's the Sultry palette from Anastasia Beverly Hills. I keep this because I love this, but you can get the dupe from Alter Ego in the Temptress palette. I'll show you them side by side so you can see what I'm talking about. They're just, they're identical and they perform exactly the same. And I love them. From Patrick Taugh, this one is his blush palette that came out during the holidays this year. I have seen these in stores a little bit. And I just really adore his formula. So I was definitely one that was going to hop on that train. And then this is the Charlotte Tilbury release this year. I don't know if I'm as pleased with this one as I was the one that I got in the past year. This other one was really good for highlighting. These colors are really pretty warm. I probably will end up finding a different home for that, but trying to use it in the meantime. Dominique Cosmetics. I think this is one of the very few from them that you can still get. This is her Berries and Cream palette. And I am in love with this palette. And for a couple of reasons, this color right here, this white, and this one over here, they're outstanding. But all of these colors, they play so well together. You can get countless amounts of looks out of this. This is one of the most fantastic palettes I've ever used. And then these ones that I pulled out are all of my ColourPop palettes. Let's go over the ones that are in the hard cases. The Mint to Bee palette, incredibly beautiful greens. Oh my goodness. I used this one in a tutorial very recently. And then the Blue Moon palette. I've loved this one as well. This is one with so many beautiful colors. This Periwinkle Blue. Oh my goodness. That is one of my favorites. The Cloud Blue palette on Cloud Blue. This is one that I actually haven't had a lot of chance to work with. I'm excited to work with it, but I haven't had a ton of chance yet. And I can't wait to kind of dive into that one. Really love it. The Lilac You a Lot. This one is a gorgeous purple palette that I can't get open for some weird reason. There we go. All right. And this one is loved too. Actually, this little one, it looks like it's going to pop out. It does have pinks in it. This one is kind of a muted pink. I do like that it gave you a duo chrome. That's not a good finger. I do like that they gave you a duo chrome right there. It has kind of a gold pink shift to it. Beautiful palette. This one is newer to me as well, but I've enjoyed working with it. It's the Lock It Down one. It has such gorgeous colors in it. And some of them really are very cool toned. And I enjoy working with that one, making mobs very cool toned. This is one of my favorite palettes ever. Sorry about that. I didn't mean to get you out of frame there. And then that's Tope Palette. This is a probably their most cool tone besides the showing smoke or whatever it's called palette. I adore this palette. This one is one I work with and reach for all the time. And then High Tide is the Aqua Marine palette that I am just absolutely in love with. If you want to do green on your lid, and that one is just gorgeous.  If you have never seen these, these are incredible. They last all day long. They go a very, very long way. And oh my goodness, they are so pigmented. Look at that pigment. Holy Moses. That is incredible. They are just, there's something very, very special about those. And I have what six of them and I would love to get some more. They're just that good. And then over here are my Super Shock Shadows and then my L'Oreal Infallible. The L'Oreal Infallible is one of my very favorite formulas ever. And I was talking about this recently in a video. This one is called Golden Sage. It's not got any gold in it at all, but that sage is incredibly pretty. And those colors are super duper saturated and they will go on your lids. And oh man. So it's kind of like a loose powder that's pressed by that stopper in there. I just, I love this so much. I need to do some more looks so you guys can see that. Oh, and this Super Shock Shadow is named after my husband, Bill. It's not really, but you know, I like to think it is. This is one of their mattes that's kind of a matte, taupey, pinky brown. And I love working with that one. It is one that I think so many women can work with. Some of these that I really rave about, I will make sure that I list for you and link for you down below. All of this stuff is stuff that I love. Please keep in mind, please, please, please don't come out me about having so much. This is my job. This is what I do for a living. So I hope that you guys understand that. Okay, let's move on to my next set of palettes. Okay, across the room, this is where I store the majority of my palettes. This is just a wooden box that I have out on a dresser over there. And that's where I store the majority of everything. So I'm just going to start with last year, this is the Naughty Palette from BH Cosmetics. Have you all heard that BH Cosmetics is going out of business and they will no longer be with us. So I'm definitely going to hold on to this. This was one of the best palettes I think that they've ever done. I love the color selection in here. You could go on and on forever with that one. And then I have two over here that are kind of hidden. Smitten in Switzerland, I've talked about a million times. I actually saw this at TJ Maxx the other day and Marshalls. If you guys have a chance to pick up any of these that are the actual names of countries or places, pick them up because they're so good and they're going to be really inexpensive. The blueberry muffin palette is also gone. It's not on the website anymore. It's not on Ulta's website anymore. This is gorgeous. Make sure that if you get the chance to, you pick up some of these because they're they're that good. And then another one that I don't have in here is my new Tarte C1. This one is really pretty. It has a lot of very neutrals and then very cool tones on like mauve tones. Gorgeous, gorgeous palette. I love that. And then another one that doesn't fit in there is my newest one from I Love and this is a Sephora collection one as well. This one I got influenced to buy from my dear friend Tamara. I have swatched this. It's got great colors in it, but I haven't had a chance to work with it and I love how light it is. I also have another one from BH Cosmetics that my husband bought me and I haven't had a chance to work with it either. It's Nightbird. All kinds of purples in it. So pretty from Flower Beauty and Charlie's Angels. They just sent this to me and this formula is great. I did do a look with this just the other day and I had a ball working with this one. It's got enough of the neutral tones in it that you just really can go to town, but it also has these neat little pops of color that you can work with. The Maneater from Tarte. I have seen this a little bit left, but I don't know exactly how many there are left around. This one's going to be discontinued as well from Natasha Denona, her new Glam Face Palette. This one I can get some good looks out of it, but I'm really on the fence about it. It's very warm toned. If you're a person that likes warm warm tones, this is perfect. If you're somebody that likes cool tones like me, this is okay. I just wish it was in a cooler tone. I love the quality of it. And then my new Glow Kit that I got from Anastasia Beverly Hills. I got this on Ulta's 21 Days of Beauty and I love it, but I haven't worked with it that much. So a lot of these are new to me. I haven't had a chance to work with them. My favorite palette of the year last year was Lust for Dusk by ColourPop. The amount of color looks that you can get out of all these colors is phenomenal. And their actual formula is just beautiful. I love ColourPop. I have these two from ColourPop as well, the Stone Cold Fox, which everybody knows about. You all know about that. And then of course the Smoke and Roses. And I do have another one coming. I can't remember what it's called right now, but both of these are so pretty. I love those. And then from Juvia's Place, I only have a couple left. The Deuce Palette by Juvia's Place. That one is just full of the most beautiful colors. And if you've never seen Juvia's Place, you're missing out because these are some next level shadows that are incredible. I love those things. And then of course the Magic Palette. I kept that one too. Full of gorgeous, vibrant, incredible colors. They don't come in this big size anymore. They come in a mini. But wow, I love those. Okay, let's go to some indie brands. First of all, this is Sydney Grace, The Enduring Love. This is the old packaging. I used and used and used this one. And I still could take this one and the Mel Thompson one and just take those two palettes and be completely happy for the rest of my life on a desert island. So the Tiny Marvels by Mel Thompson are lovely Mel Thompson. And this is so good. And I do believe that they still have this one that you can order. And but when it goes away this time, it's going to go away forever. But take a look at that green that Mel created. Isn't that just something special? So, so special. And then I do have the Natasha Denona. I have the Glam palette. And I don't know where my other one is. I have the new one. What's the new one called? Retro? I have the new retro one, but I'm not sure where it is right this second. These are the LA Girl ones. The Fierce and Wild. Love the colors on these. The Hot Heat. And this one is Zooted It Aloha Vibes. And again, colors just incredible main stage. This one is the Desert Dream palette. A lot of these colors are a lot of like, but I love them. And then the Break Free from LA Girl. This formula, you want to talk formulas, this formula is incredible. If you get the chance to get anything from them, that one's a topper, so it's not going to show up that well. But if you get the chance to get these palettes, they're so pretty. I mean, I'm talking about the prettiest foil I think I've ever seen with all of those. They're so gorgeous. And then this one is the Pixie by Petra. And this one is Denise. Make it by Denise. And I was going to declutter this, but I couldn't because I absolutely love those glitters. They're not glitters. They are just shimmers. They're highlighters. There's absolutely no glitter in them whatsoever. And that is an incredible formula. Next to the ColourPop Lusford Dusk. My favorite palette of the year was the Rose Quartz Hood of Beauty. She knocked it out of the park with this. I am not a huge fan of all of her others. As a matter of fact, I've decluttered so many that I bought, but this one is so special. The Cinderella Palette I just barely talked about from Sigma. This is incredibly gorgeous. These colors are, oh my word, I can't even begin to tell you how special these colors are. And every time I wear that color on my eyelid, I get so many compliments. This is a gorgeous palette. This is a Cheek Parade palette from Benefit that I got a couple of years ago. I just hold onto this because it has all the colors in there. And I like using those. And then the Cheek Stars from this year, I was so excited to see the one that is Cookie in here. And it had Georgia and it had the one that is the Swirl One Sugar Bombs, I guess is what it's called. And so I was really happy and pretty much have all of the Benefit colors from those two palettes. Now, I do have two palettes from Gimme Glow Cosmetics. Incredible company, indie company, if you're interested. These aren't inexpensive, but their colors are so gorgeous. I am just in awe of how incredibly beautiful these colors are. And they are so highly pigmented. And the mattes are this incredible buttery formula. And wow, I just, I can't say enough about these indie brands because sometimes they do things that are just so much above what mainstream cosmetics are. I just love them. And then this one is the Vivid Rose. Look at all of those colors. Of course, I'm going to instantly reach for that purple. And I got too much on my finger. But let me just show you the incredible swatch of that. Isn't that just, oh my gosh, I need to use that on camera more. Because it is one that is just so pretty. This is an incredible palette. I love this palette. And it's got a little bit cooler tones on it. The Tarte, the Tartlet Full Bloom, I think I did a whole look on this one. But this one has just gorgeous neutrals in it. I kind of got into doing some neutrals this year because I had so many colorful palettes, as you can tell. But that one was one of my favorites. And then this one is from Colored Rain. And I've had it forever. You can tell it's just love to pieces. I probably won't get rid of this one. It has these incredibly pigmented, gorgeous shimmers again. But these mattes are so buttery and so soft. They are just next level mattes. They are just so pretty. I love this palette. I have a Morphe 35C Everyday Chic. I don't have any other Morphe palettes. I've never been a huge fan. But when I got this and saw this, I fell in love. And I have done so many looks out of this. There are just countless amounts of looks. And this formula in this particular palette seems to be really good. You know, the old Jaclyn Hill palette? Oh my gosh, really close. Really, really close. And then I have some that I just made up myself. And these are palettes from that like these are Buxom. This is a Visiart couple palettes that I took apart. This one right here. I think that this big one is from Sydney Grace. These are some of theirs. And then I think that these are Gimmie Glow. Yes, these are some Gimmie Glow ones. And those are just singles that they put together. Oh my gosh, they're so pretty. And then this is mine. This is a tin that Makeup Forever used to have. And then these are just my purples and my neutrals, some greens in there that I absolutely love. There is a mixture of Sydney Grace, ColourPop, the old formula from Makeup Geek. Oh my goodness, I can't believe I forgot that. But such beautiful colors. And yeah, they're just they're too pretty. So let me put this one back together as well. Again, this is not normal. I know it's not normal. A normal person would not have this much in their collection. But this is my job. This is what I do. And I try really hard to be mindful now of what I purchased when I first started YouTube. I purchased everything under the sun. Now I try to be a little bit more mindful. So please keep that in mind that I know that this is not a normal person's makeup collection. But this is what I do for a living. Consider this inventory just like Walmart has inventory.


How I started with working on LibreOffice is my first task was I wanted to improve the bitmap scaling firstly with make it look better and now my side project is to also make it faster. This is very hard to do, because generally a bitmap is a lot of pieces, a lot of values and you have to do it really fast. So I tried to look at what are the ways and mostly how it's done in the other applications is they just use SSE vectorization, any ending, single search, multiple data like technology. So this is SSE usually sometimes, now also with new processors, AVX. What to generally do is we want to do more things in just one operation, so instead of doing each color, RGB color, separate you want to do it, you can do it just in color at the same time. I was looking at this, usually you can use it via assembler, assembly structures, but this is also possible to do it via these intrinsics instructions and using intrinsics is a lot easier. So how do you usually do it, it's like this as you have RGBA 32-bit, one pixel and what you want to do it is to extend this to 120-bit register like this here. This is the first step, what to do and you need 32-bits, okay you can maybe install some operations, 60-bits would be enough, but 32-bits you need it because of the overflowing. 32-bits can be, you can use either folding point or integer and depending on what you need, SSE just supports just folding point, SSE 2 is also integer. Once you get this, you can also load another register and then do operation on just simultaneously on both variables. This operation can be more operations, it's not just one yet, so in this scenario just addition. There's another way to do it, this is not so useful but also another way to do it. You can have 4, just load 4 32-bits at the same time and rearrange it so that you have each color value in each register and the group operations on top of this. I think this is done, but I want to say it's all. Generally, because the bitmaps in LibreOffice are just RGBA, so this is a big problem here because we cannot just load it and do it faster. So to make this in-work, we have to first convert it to RGBA. Okay, so how much? How is it done in LibreOffice today? What way? Just in normal way you can one at a time, one color at a time. You don't do it for at the same time. Usually, it's as simple as possible. Thank you so much, Tomasz, and the last is...


So we'll start with the review of the normal anatomy of the organs that can be seen via trans-abdominal or transvaginal ultrasound and importantly the relationship of the organs to one another. So starting in this view in this schematic right here starting from anterior you have your pubic synthesis right here. Generally if you're going to do a general trans-abdominal ultrasound you're going to place your probe right around here on the pelvis. You're going to see hopefully not through the synthesis you're going to have to place it slightly above to image here through the bladder. The bladder you want to be nicely distended and that's for two reasons it's going to push any small bowel loops up and out of the way because ultrasound can't see well through bowel loops. It's also going to serve as a window because ultrasound waves travel faster through fluids so using that urine in a nicely distended bladder will help you to see the next organ right behind it which is the uterus here. Back here is going to be the vagina right here with the fournesses anterior posterior and cervix right here and then behind that we of course have the rectum posteriorly back here. Here's a labeled one where you can get a little bit more detail if that's helpful to you and again this is the bladder here. You have your vagina here your anterior your posterior fourness of the vagina the external osso the cervix is right here and then the internal osso can be variably difficult to see but should be somewhere right around here that's when the endometrium is going to start and you have your anterior portion of the endometrium and your posterior portion of the endometrium so that's going to cover the lower uterine segment of the uterus the body and then the fundus of the uterus right here and again posterior this is going to be the rectum again moving to this unlabeled view right here. It's important to remember too when you're going to do a transvaginal approach to imaging the cervix and uterus can be mobile so it can look different on your imaging depending on where it is at that particular time at that particular day when you're imaging it. This is an example the uterus can be anterior sort of flopped anteriorly onto the bladder here or it can be more posterior position as it is here and remember it's important because if you're doing transvaginal imaging your fixed plane of imaging is going to be via the vagina and you don't have a whole lot of wiggle room there to image this. So generally the patient is going to be placed supine on the table when you're doing a transidominal view. Again you're going to fill that bladder as much as possible to get rid of the bowel gas pushing that up and out of your image field of view and generally you're going to use the five curve as your general probe for transabominal imaging. The transvaginal probe however is a high frequency probe that means you're going to get high resolution imaging very beautiful pictures but because the frequency is high those ultrasound waves are not going to go very far before they get lost to forming the image therefore you have a limited distance of what you can view. However we don't image patients in an upright position generally we're going to see them as supine as we do here. So that transabominal view again you're going to put that probe directly onto their anterior pelvis right here and we use the bladder as a window to visualize the cervix and the uterus itself.  We have vagina down here cervix is right around here lower uterine segment right around here from the body of the uterus and here the fundus is a little bit obscured due to bowel gas that didn't quite get pushed out of the way here. You also have some of the endometrial contents right here and a little bit of free fluid in the cul-de-sac. However transvaginally you have a limited field of view here again we talked about the high frequency waves you're going to get beautiful imaging high spatial resolution but it's not going to go very far the waves as they travel before they get lost to form that image. You're also limited by a fixed plane of imaging as we mentioned before. You can see in this example here the ultrasound waves may be sending waves in these different directions but it's not necessarily going to capture all of the uterus in a single plane right here due to that limited field of view. So it's always important to remember when you're measuring a structure particularly the uterus you may not get it in one field of view so your imaging may not be perfectly accurate when you're looking for a length of different structures. Another thing to remember when you're doing transvaginal imaging is now you want the bladder to be decompressed so that patient is going to need to empty their bladder and that's for two reasons. Number one is patient comfort it's really uncomfortable to have a transvaginal probe there and to have a full bladder. Number two is if this bladder is overly distended you can imagine it's going to push that top of the uterus back and if it gets too far in a sort of upright position it may actually be too far to get good images of it because remember high frequency probe you need short distance to get those beautiful images so two things there to keep in mind. So with that all being said are we ready to look at some ultrasounds? Okay so this is an image from a sagittal uterus this is labeled right to left so I took this from a cinecliffe but just to give you an idea of what we're looking at this is your transvaginal probe right here it's much more curved than the other one was a sharper curve there. You can also see in the corner right here that it's a nine that's a much higher frequency than your general five curve that you're going to be using. So this is going to be in the fornix of the vagina you don't really see the vagina here again because the probe is within it so what you're seeing here is what is up against it so in this particular image we don't really see the cervix that well again there might be a bend to the uterus which doesn't allow you to see it perfectly in one single plane but here is the anterior part of the uterus so lower uterine segment body fundus coming around here and then posteriorly uterine body lower uterine segment and then we get down into the cervix down here back here is going to be rectum you might also have some mesenteric fat you might have some valutes nearby depending on what's there on that given day more centrally you're going to have the endometrial lining which will vary depending on the stage of menstrual cycle and then oftentimes you can see the arcuit arteries of the uterus kind of going all the way around right here especially if you put on color Doppler here it's important to remember that the size of the uterus varies depending on the age of the patient when their pediatric that's going to be small and it's going to grow to reproductive age about eight to nine centimeters in length it may be larger if the woman is multi paris rather than null paris woman so more kids you may have a larger uterus just in general it then starts to decrease in size in the postmenopausal status and then it depends on how far postmenopausal you are it can get down to three and a half centimeters in length if you're very remote from your menopause onset and then of course endometrium it's going to vary depending on the stage of the cycle in the reproductively aged woman and we'll go over some of those in a little bit


To the Erie's breeding program, you are here to see the Erie varieties. We start with IR-8 which has been a miracle rice. This is the first semi-dwarf variety released by Erie in 1966. This variety has unique characteristic. This variety is shot in stature. It is resistant to lodging. Unlike earlier traditional rice varieties, this variety has become one of the miracle rice. As a result of cultivation of this variety, the word rice production has doubled. And Erie used this material in the beginning to develop semi-dwarf high yielding variety. So this is the classical variety which was released by Erie. And later on we used this kind of semi-dwarf varieties which are very high yielding but we try to improve in our breeding program incorporate other characteristics like improved grain type. For example, if you see IR-22, this variety has long cylinder, medium cylinder grain which are preferred by the consumers in Asian countries. And subsequently we try to incorporate resistance to many diseases and insects. For example, if you go around here IR-26, this variety has gene spark, we incorporated the gene spark resistance to brown plant hopper. And later on subsequently we try to improve the varieties another characteristic. And one of the classical example is the variety called IR-36. If you see this IR-36 varieties, it has a very unique characteristic. It is early in maturity, short-end duration, its grain characteristics are, its grain quality is so preferred by the consumer. This variety is another example that it was grown on 11 million hectares of rice land and this is the first variety which has occupied so much area in rice as compared to historically any variety cultivated worldwide. And then we continue to improve other characteristic and you see here these are the other varieties like IR-42, 43 and 44. And another example is that you see these varieties like IR-45, IR-46. These varieties have improved grain quality and people prefer this kind of grain quality in Asia. And our breeding effort is always to incorporate resistance to diseases and insects and meet the grain quality characteristic because it's a continuous game to develop resistance to diseases and insects. And if we do not develop variety with good level of resistance to diseases and insects, the farmers will have to spend more money in developing and using agrochemicals and other insecticides. So to overcome this one, we always breed varieties which have strong level of resistance to diseases and insects. Similarly, if you see other variety like we continue to develop IR-54, IR-56, 58 and then one of the another very important variety is IR-64. This variety was released in 1989 and this variety is so much preferred in grain quality even after 20 years of release, this variety at present is occupying about 30 percent area in many countries like Vietnam in some parts of India and in Philippines. This is still very popular variety and the unique characteristic of this variety is this has the same semi-dwarfing gene which we used in the miracle variety that is IR-8. But this variety is having resistance to at least 6 to 7 diseases and insects and also tolerance to abiotic stresses which are very important component of our breeding efforts. And then we continue to incorporate different characteristic in these varieties incorporating resistance to diseases and you see here more recently we are trying to develop varieties which are high yielding and which fit into the cropping system. Up to 74, ERI was giving the numbers these varieties were named as IR but after IR-74 we are developing still many varieties but those varieties which are released by the Philippine Seed Board they are labeled under PSB and you see here the first variety was PSB-RC2 and subsequently we have been developing this kind of varieties to meet the requirements of the rice consumers and our main emphasis is these varieties which are being developed they are always developed in collaboration with our Norse partner because we have several Norse partner in Asia and Africa so the material is tested in different horsepowers in different countries and the one which is found useful that is released and one of the classical example of our breeding program is so far from this breeding efforts which we are making at IRI 644 varieties have been released in 77 countries and this is the result of our breeding efforts which we continue here in collaboration with our Norse partner and these 633 varieties have been released in 77 countries beside this we are most of the varieties which are cultivated in other parts of a different rice growing country at least one of the parent is contributed by the IRI germplasm so our continuous effort is to develop improved germplasm so that we are able to develop the material in such a way that which can meet the requirement of our consumer of the farmers or the resource poor farmers and now we are trying to improve the nutritional quality for which we have tried to incorporate genes for like beta carotene or golden rice similarly we are working on incorporating high iron content or zinc content because those are very important component for future work on the human health and this is one of the major thrust of IRI to develop improved varieties through breeding efforts and also to improve the disease and sector distance and with a particular focus on new T2 value of a variety which we say as second generation of improved new plant type and this variety is NSIC1 RC158 this was released in the Philippines in 2007 or 2008 and this variety is the first example how the original new plant type was used in breeding a new variety which is more like Indica type and this is the first variety which is high yielding after the semi-dwarf varieties and this is a classical example how new plant type varieties have been developed by making large number of intercrosses and this variety we see that it was released in 2008 and it's becoming quite popular in the Philippines and we are going to disseminate this material to other rice growing countries as well.


terprise. So you got to kind of put the heat shield up a little bit. Say, whoa, whoa, whoa, we got to address this concern of economics, a new way to do business. Well, they made a lot of noise two years ago. Who did? Amazon. Hey, we're coming to the enterprise. And I think they were somewhat naive. I think they were very naive about it. Well, it's not easy, right? It's the enterprise. We know what it's not easy. Trusty. I've seen startups go out of business and the enterprise is easy. So Amazon, again, then big startup. Yeah. Internet of Things. Why is that so hot? Big data I can see in cloud and big data work well together because analytics feeds the apps, clouds the engine. Internet of Things. Is that kind of just another word for mobile or edge of the network? I don't really see it that way. You know, mobile is about the mobile experience through a mobile app. Internet of Things is about integrating sensors and data structured on structured data through all kinds of devices, right? It could be your refrigerator. It could be from a car, right? It could be from GPS, from a boat. We had Bosch on yesterday, right? Right, you'll see the dishwasher. Yeah. Nigel was on. The silver hook, right? Yeah, that's such an exciting story. That's a great example, by the way, right? In terms of not being able to be able to demonstrate a whole sport and get people engaged, a lot of what we're talking about is about engagement. So their business, they wanted to engage and they wanted to share data and information across the human that was driving the boat as well as the support team behind the seats and the fans. We interviewed with Cuba earlier, by the way. Did you? That's a great story. Great guys, too, dynamic, great interview. He's like, thanks for Bluemix. No, literally, Bluemix, Watson, Cloud, real time. They fundamentally couldn't do what they're doing now before without Bluemix. But that's about instrumentation. It is. On the boat, leveraging it in real time to the Cloud back with Bluemix. That's right. And presenting it in a way that can engage a massive audience, that's, you know, could be two, three miles away. What's the big confusion of Internet of Things? People, as it, some, you know, GE calls it industrial internet. That's got their flavor. It's just because the Internet of Everything or what? I think you're seeing just some of the same, the terminology's not the same because I have seen the Internet of Things grow over the last year tremendously. And just in terms of people even talking about it. So I just think it's, you're at the earlier stages of it. It's the same way people talked about Cloud. It's the same way people talked about mobile. Now they're much more comfortable and understanding. Same thing. But so it's, I think it's more of a maturity thing in terms of people really understanding and getting it. Exactly, but it's here. It's not coming someday soon. And it's a developer hook, too. I mean, developers are home. It's very much a developer hook. You know, how do you create those applications, right? Okay, so what's next? What's the big focus this year for you guys? We asked this last year and you just said, we're going to do our best we can. We're going to get out there and create a share of the developers and learn and delve to community. What's your marketing philosophy this year? But you got a lot going on, right? You got Softlayer, you got BlueMix, you got the tsunami of growth with data and cloud. Right, yeah. What's your plans? Clearly we're going to continue to build out Softlayer and BlueMix and our hybrid cloud capabilities for visibility and control. Integrating across those elements. Again, that's not a job that's done, right? The more we can integrate, the more beneficial value we'll be providing to our clients. And then in addition to that, some of these key partnerships. You saw us partner with SAP. You saw us partner with AT&T with Microsoft. You know, we'll continue to have some key partnerships because they're bringing us into their industry or into their business. Top of our cloud. So we'll continue to do that. And then there'll be some surprises. You know, we'll get into some things that really change the game. That's what our goal. And what's the big thing that's going to come from this IBM focus of the cloud division and all these resources? Speed and agility and innovation. Awesome. Nancy Pearson, here inside theCUBE, we're looking forward to it. Obviously when IBM starts putting their engine together, they got a lot of resources. So we're looking forward to watching it, being part of it, covering it. This is theCUBE bringing you all the signal here at IBM Interconnect. I'm John Furrier, Dave Lund. We'll be right back with our next guest after this short break. Come on theCUBE, baby. Rock and roll. Five or six times I've been on theCUBE now. Right, you know, at first, the guys are just fun to work with. Pat, welcome back. Hey, always a pleasure to be in theCUBE. Hey, I'm about to go. A three-time veteran of being on theCUBE. Hope many, many more. Chad Sackets, Chad, welcome to theCUBE. Dave, John, it's great to be here, man. I keep coming back because great, insightful questions from John and from Dave. What face-melting action have you seen here at the event? And I know there's a lot of it. It's a great vehicle to communicate with a broad audience, a lot of folks watch. Great to have you back. Good job. All right, Craig Nunez, VP of marketing at HPStore. Thanks very much for coming on theCUBE. When people mention theCUBE, they're like, oh my God, I saw you on theCUBE. And they're all excited about it. It's an experience. It's not just information. They experience kind of what's going on there. It's like real time. It's like they were there. That was like going to the gym. A lot of pleasure. Legendary IBMer, CEO of Symantec, and now CEO of Virtual Instrument. Great to have you on theCUBE. So for theCUBE to be here at a conference like this, it's got 15, 20,000 people and sharing that live around the world, that's consistent with the way the world is evolving. So it's a wonderful medium, a wonderful medium. John and Dave are amazing. I don't know how they keep everything in their heads the way they do. It's a great format and we're obviously seeing that this notion of real time coverage and a real conversation is what's driving us as a company. And I said very seriously when the questions and the comments that we hear from them and from all the different guests here directly turn into the products that we build. Yeah, that was my first CUBE and I really enjoyed it. There was the rapid fire of questions. It made me think on my feet, but they were very thought provoking and really got me going on analyzing the greatness of Rista and the greatness of theCUBE as well. John and Dave, the reason their approach works, they're not just guys reading down the question list, right? Okay, next one, next one. It's a conversation, right?  They're not going to settle for the marketing hype and the BS and all that stuff that the industry throws around. Come on, you got to hit them up on the HP question. A lot's changing HP, some turmoil at the top, obviously controversy. They're going to hold you down to the real facts, compare you to the choices our users have and have you respond to it on the spot, right? Thinking real time in, so that's real talk, not just kind of a paper interview. I'm John Furrier with SiliconMango.com and I'm here with Dave Vellante. We are inside theCUBE. theCUBE is our flagship telecast. We go out to the events, extract all the signal from the noise and share that with you and great guest lineups. We've got CEOs, CTOs with all the top executives, bloggers, thought leaders, venture capitalists. I'm absolutely stunned because I know it demands 100% attention for these guys to be up there talking to people about a wide variety of technology topics. I can't believe these guys can make it so many days in a row. So I'm wondering how long they're going to go home and pass out for after this. But it was incredible. They just do a fantastic job. If you're not having a conversation, then you're very scripted and if you're scripted then you might be getting the right words but you're often not getting the whole meaning and the whole depth of the conversation to the fullest extent. I think this is a heck of a lot more authentic. It comes straight from the heart and the brain. Sometimes you might forget to make some of your points if you're not a real-time thinker but I think both from a participation and from a consuming point of view, it's much more real. Chris holds no punches. So I've been on theCUBE a number of times and I think the interesting thing about being in that particular venue, in that format, they introduced me as, hey, Hoff doesn't pull punches. Well, they don't either, right? They ask really difficult, uncomfortable questions sometimes and you can tell people and the positions and where they are in terms of what they're able or desires to speak of. You can tell where they are on that borderline between kind of just, you know, honestly answering questions versus kind of glossing over them. And I enjoy being there because I don't say I'm outspoken but I honestly answer questions with the full intent of being able to be respectful to the people that I bring solutions to, right?  So I like being asked tough questions. I like answering them honestly and that's a fantastic venue for doing it.  Yeah, this was my first time on theCUBE and I really got a chance to get to know John and Dave and they're really amazing guys. I mean, the knowledge that they come with, the topics that they could talk about, the people that they know and just bringing it all together in this live broadcasting forum, it's just fantastic. I mean, I just love it. I feel like a groupie or something, you know? In this environment, you know, the social environment, the real-time environment where we're in, right? People look through the marketing fluff very quickly and if it's not authentic, right? You know, they don't trust it anymore. So in this environment, I think it's a growing trend. Yeah. This is a burrito made with chocolate, soybeans and apricots. What kind of chef comes up with this? A chef working with IBM Watson on the cloud. Ingredients are just data. Watson turns big data into new ideas and not just for food. Watson is working with doctors and bankers to help transform their industries. Today, there's a new way to work and it's made with IBM. This is a live mobile studio. You bring it to events and we say we extract the signal from the noise. What we do is we get the absolute best guests that are at those events, we bring them inside the cube and we talk to them, we have a conversation. I think the difference with the cube is that the interviewers are active participants in big data. So it's less about trying to explain what big data is and more about relating what's going on. So we're a big data driven organization. We have a data science team that allows us to see not only what's trending broadly with the public but what's trending in very specific areas in our specialty in tech. That allows us to vector our analysis and relevance from our research and journalist team into everything that we do as a media company. We really wanna make it fun, exciting but more importantly, extract the data from the guests and extract that metadata and share it with the world so people can use that information to better themselves, better their companies, more importantly, connect with other people to do more business, to define more about the technology and for us, this is the future. I do a lot of these types of interviews. I spend a lot of time with the press and cube's a lot of fun. It's ESPN for tech. I think tech's evolved to the point where people wanna understand the personalities behind the technology, which probably wasn't that interesting 20 years ago and I think they made a lot more entertaining, a lot more interesting as well as, you know, putting some technical meat out of the box as well. The value of an independent news organization at an event is that it allows our audience to have a perspective that's balanced, that it's not just, you know, the vendors talking to them, it's the community. It's analysts, it's technologists, it's customers, practitioners. So they get a full perspective that's unfiltered. The benefit of the cube is a place for conversation with people to connect with each other and to learn about things and it's a revolution in media. We look at the technology and the people behind it as tech athletes, those are the folks making the companies, making the technology, really creating the new value in this modern era and it's fun, it's exciting and more importantly, it's very social. These days, with social media, people looking to not just read articles, which are great and obviously SiliconANGLE does a lot of that as well, but being able to see high definition video, very intimate interviews with entrepreneurs and operators, innovators in the industry, I think is really important. So the job you do in getting this out in a very timely way, I think is really important. You always know that your view is right until you hear a different perspective. So you're always interested and give me some neutral perspective, help me see it from a different light, right? And maybe ask a hard question or two that I might not have considered. I think on that sense, right, that independent voice that's always ability to have sort of independent, audited sort of perspective right over the world, it's always just good. The Cube has been called the ESPN of tech and really our vision is to cover every event that's out there. We really truly want to be a global organization that is at every event, extracting the signal from the noise, being on the ground, giving our audience a sense of what's happening at that event, but also providing analysis and insight worldwide, literally for every event that's out there. You know, I love it. I was actually telling John and Dave, every time I come back to the Cube, you guys have new toys, new cameras, everything's getting bigger. So having been on it for several years, almost from the very beginning, it's always great to be back and you guys do an amazing job, so it's wonderful. It's about connecting with people and that really is what it's all about. Having the conversations in a very social, collaborative way, and that's what makes it so exciting and people are watching. It was my first time on the Cube, it was fun. We did it again. Yeah, we did it again. Yeah, I think what I've come to find, letting my second time on the Cube is, I mean, it's just such a real-time, high-energy experience. It's very good because, as Wilfried Ringhoff questioned, I was not proud other than saying go and get up there. So it was quite good, it was part of the experience. I think what you're gonna get is the real answer.  So I thought it was great. I mean, I didn't know what the questions were ahead of time. They asked some good ones. I think some ones that if it was.


He high. I don't know but I swear to God. He said and what happened He said that It's a fire.  It's me P&L doing a show at the Universal L in LA They're doing like a comedy Show where they were taping and all that tell P. Hey P Give me some tickets. I need we want to come check out the show People like alright. You know like 10 or 10 or 15 VIP tickets we go back there and to the green room To me what you know now we see Snoop cuz I'm bringing them because we coming really the Calls fraction, you know the police read the scary red, but he was one lead of the pack and all that right there Anyway, that's another story So we go We go Back there to say P cool a red. What's up? Yeah. Yeah, cool. Yeah, we need Holla Snoop. Yeah. Yeah.   What's up with that? So you went and asked him What do you say and what do you say? I never seen Snoop talk like this before How many y'all was in the room when you went in there you went in there And you had your guys, but you know, but he's feeling good cuz P&M in other room or whatever I guess I don't know. Oh, he's feeling good. He's high. I don't know But I swear to God he said and what happened he said that Did you hear what that just said you better bomb on that Police reporting everything about it.  I love him Him and dad's and all those niggas take on running. So you say straight to the police. No You would think that they would all start fighting and defending each other and ran straight to the police And you know what they said they told the police in the police report We ran over here cuz we remember coming through and we knew y'all stationed there And that's why we ran to you got arrested for marijuana Possession him and dad's that day by the police So we get out of there, you know people our comments would be like what's the police report number? That's crazy. This ain't the first time most people heard the story. Yeah, okay, then listen to red Only get about 30 50,000 a day But My point to even telling the story was P So he didn't do none. They didn't but they was on the stage in fairness. Oh They had left we didn't know but because the conversation then let's go bam, bam, bam It took a while it took a minute to get there. I got P&L now so of course now this Universe it's all on matter of fact, you can pull it up as one thing We put Master P or Snoop Dogg fight at the Universal well scatter police there or everything Wow, so he called me master PC. He calls me the next day Red You cost me, you know, you shut down on over here making the DVD Say me. That's your boy. What's new on the phone, Red. What's up? Why every time we see each other's gonna be like this now They know snoopy little one that got like that and you know one guy Disrespectful and I look at her. We just trying to talk to you but you over there Trying to get weed from y'all cuz you know, they always did have good weed So don't need to try to smoke.  It's all good, man To be honest, I only seen people two or three times since then Well, he was said and having to meet in the fourth season with Julian Bond That's what always question the woman. He'll miss your conversation about the I want to know what date that was you know when he gonna say When you moving out of LA it wasn't you supposed to say that because she wasn't tripping on P after After You know after he got out 2001 2002 We did see me and ship was together one time in like 2005. He was over there meeting with this Just do from Georgia. I remember cuz I was a big fan of politician Julian Bond. I think it was He was over there I'm just throwing this out cuz the only one to remember that is it's P. Julian Bond and me and I think Julian Bond is there I don't know if it was Julian Bond, but it was a dude from Georgia that was like skin to do Okay, I was a big politician congressman or congressman or something like that We saw them there. I was The only time I remember saying wow man, no disrespect to be cuz I like me man P dope I ain't gonna lie to him. I love my big court. No I just asked you that because of the fact of so the beach How they can't how Snoopy ends up over on No limit from there for how they transition.  Wow. You got the override


There goes that person again. Why do you keep noticing them when they pass you? What's that feeling? No, it can't be. Do you like them? We are here to help you see if you actually like them. Even if you don't think so, do you find them physically attractive? People value physical attractiveness in their partner. We associate a lot of good things with attractive people, whether they are warranted or not.  So maybe I just like being around them. They're just objectively attractive. Well, yes, that definitely can be true, but do they get you excited? We're not talking about the way you might get excited with your best friends. We're talking about your heart skipping a beat when you see their name pop up on your phone. Maybe you even caught yourself bringing them up in a conversation that had nothing to do with them. Did you think of them while watching this? If that's the case, maybe you really do like them. There's a chance that they like you too. Good luck out there. You got this.


In this video, I'm going to show you how to work with the Hubble data file. The first step of this process is making sure that you've downloaded the file from Blackboard. You guys are going to be working with the subset 1, but I'm going to step you through everything in the process using the subset 2. That way I don't give away the results. When you have this downloaded on your computer, if you've got Microsoft Excel, it should automatically recognize this comma separated values file as something that can be opened with Excel. Just in case it doesn't, normally if you right click on something, you can open with and specify which type of program you want to open it. In this case, I've got both Excel and LibreOffice, but this is the video for Excel. When you open up a file in Excel, it's going to warn you that this is not an Excel format file. It's a comma separated value file. In order to save everything you might want to do, you want to click go ahead and click save as. That's going to give you a chance to save it, not as a comma separated value, but as an Excel workbook. When it pulls up this menu on the save as rather than doing the standard what it already is, make sure you click the Excel workbook. In this case I had already created one, so I could maybe put in my name there to make sure it's got a different file name. Once you have that done, you'll notice that the warning message went away and it is actually an Excel file. The first thing we're going to want to do is to create a plot of this various pieces of information. In order to do that, you want to select the comments for distance and velocity. And you can do that by highlighting up here in the very top columns B and C. And you notice it selects the whole column and not just the stuff up there at the top.  So you come over here to the insert menu and then it's got lots of different options. Depending on exactly which version of Excel you have, it might look a little different. But what you're looking for is the scatter plot. When we click on that scatter plot, you want to choose just the regular scatter dots. And the first thing I'm going to do is make this just a little bit bigger so it's easier for me to see some things. The next thing that we're going to do is we're going to actually add some chart elements here to make it easier to interpret our data. And in Excel, you'll come over here to the add chart elements. Or up here, there's an add chart elements. Some of the things that we're going to add include axis titles. And for now, it's got a placeholder for those things. And for the grid lines, it may only have some of these. But if you come over here to the menu, we want to grab all of them. So under grid lines, go ahead and grab all of them. Now I'm going to go ahead and change my titles. And remember that the x was the distance. And that's in units of megaparsec. So you just change this title to be that quantity. Similarly over here, you're going to want to put in that this was the velocity. And that was in kilometers per second. And for the title of our graph, this was our Hubble's law. I've got to type the right key here. Now from this graph, you can answer a few of the questions in the lab. But what we really want to do is we want to fit a line to this so that we can use that line to help us estimate and understand our data. So we come back over here to the add chart elements. And we want to do a trend line. But don't just click here, click on the button over to the side, which is going to open up more options. So select the trend line, more options. When it does that, we can choose what type of line and we do want linear. But we want to set the intercept to be zero. And we want to display the equation on the chart. Now to make it easier for yourself to be able to see that line, we can come over here to the fill and line and just select a brighter color. And we can also make that line a little bit thicker in order to be able to see everything better. This is your best fit trend line that you're going to use to answer several of the questions in your lab report. For the equations, it moved my equation over here, but I'm going to move it over here where I can just see things a little bit better. And I'm going to just increase the size a little bit. You don't have to do that. It just makes it a little easier for us to talk about everything. For this equation, remember that our x was distance and our y was velocity. So in your lab report where it gives you the template v equals and then there's a space to put a number in. And then d, this is the number that you would put in. Well, not exactly, this is the number for subset two. When you do your analysis of subset one, you'll have a slightly different number in here. You'll take that number and put that into your lab report. That equation is then going to let you answer the rest of the questions for Hubble's law. If you have any difficulties on doing any of these steps, please get in touch with me. And of course, the last step that we need to do is to come over here to file and save now that you've created your graph because you're going to need to submit this new spreadsheet file back to me for grading. Again, if you have any questions, feel free to get in touch with me.


I'll get it. I'm getting it. So breathe, breathe was like... What's up with that? She's like... She's like how she was. She's like what's up with her? No, that's not true, I just learned that. That's what she said. She's not someone's daughter. Yes, I was just teaching her. I'm sorry. What I was born with was motivation and interest. No, I need to try. Honestly, I think it was like when I was born. I think that's what it was like. Yeah, you were a person. Yeah, all of a sudden, you know, every olive... Because, like, the drum and stuff. I knew that was from about ten years ago. I knew that was from about ten years ago. I think it was when you teach out. When you were driving to... But on the way out... Oh, nice. Oh, nice. Yeah. And so I still feel like I can't believe it. But I think somehow it was the most... It was like just all of a sudden. I was just sort of playing it on all the other stuff. Yeah, but she'll actually start from the long piece. You can stay available. I didn't want to start the way with that. What's her name in the projector? What's that? Who's her name in the projector? Sarah is in light. And I think she's doing projections wrong. The screen sailor is on the projector right now. I think we should... The what is on? The screen sailor is on. Oh, okay. I'll bring that to her attention. Yeah, by the way. You're right. I'll take a look. Don't stand up. Are you following her? Yeah. They already stopped. Then you know what? I told them to stop. This is also... You have to tell them right now. Thank you. Easy. Thank you. Sit down. Sit down. Sit down. Sit down. Sit down. Sit down. Sit down. That's the stage manager's job. Let them do it. You're not allowed to go out there. So your scene is finished, right? Yeah. And now just quietly... Sit down. Sit down. Sit down. Then it's their fault for leaving. No, it's not our job. They're too... I just want to be with you. Yeah. There's nothing to do with that. I don't want to relax. It's... It's okay. I'll let you go. We're gonna... We're probably gonna... We're gonna... I don't know if they've started out there. Is this what it happened after? Because it's what it was. Is it their decision? Yeah, well... What was it? It's just one breath. Deep breath. Because this is the eye. Okay. On that video, how much time do you have left? On the video, I have like five minutes. I don't know how much more. Oh no, they just, yeah, then it takes that entire video. Are you good? Yeah.  It is so hard to walk. There's like, she's worried about their demeanor, Sarah. I'm sorry? And there's only like a couple of years to be able to do it. Are they mad? Ooh. The audience? I mean, yeah, they're very confused because nobody else what's happening. But they're not mad neither. There's a good sense, all right? It's not the goal, it's not the goal. No, no, no, no, no. That's a business also. I'm not, I'm not. Anything is a business, Sarah.  What do you think? I don't know. So it's how long it will be? I'll be here today. So I'll be here. To celebrate the third anniversary of King Bessendale, we are celebrating the anniversary of King Bessendale. Good evening and welcome to Amama Experimental Theatre Club. To celebrate King Bessendale's 30th anniversary, we are honored to present Indigenous tradition bearers visiting from Mindana, who will be joined on stage by members of our community. To celebrate King Bessendale's 30th anniversary, we are honored to present Indigenous tradition bearers visiting from Mindana, who will be joined on stage by members of our community. Please keep your masks on and take this moment to silence your selfless. In the event of an emergency, please exit via the doors in the back of the theatre. We would like to acknowledge that we are on the unceded lands of the Lenya Lenape, and we honor their ancestors of the past, their descendants of the present and future. Thank you for joining us tonight. Thank you very much. Hello. Today we are going to celebrate King Bessendale's 30th anniversary. We are going to celebrate King Bessendale's 30th anniversary. We are going to celebrate King Bessendale's 30th anniversary.


Welcome to the Chrome Enterprise Technical Community Hour. Today, we'll be talking about long-term support. My name is Rich, and I'll be your host for today's presentation. Joining me today, we have our speaker, Thomas Kuczek, who's a technical program manager for Chrome OS. For today's agenda, I'll start with a quick introduction of the Chrome Enterprise Recommended Program and the Technical Community Hour. Then, I'll hand it over to Thomas, who will cover today's topic and the call to action for our Chrome partners. Today's Chrome Technical Community Hour is brought to you by the Chrome Enterprise Recommended Program, which is Google's partner program for third-party solutions that are optimized for Chrome OS or integrated with Chrome browser. The Technical Community Hour brings you the opportunity to engage with our team about new features and updates, enterprise development best practices, and our enterprise strategy. Now, without further ado, I'll pass it over to Thomas, and he'll kick us off. Thomas? Perfect. Thanks, Rich, for the introduction. And let me start my sharing session so I can click through my slides easily. Share. Perfect. So, today, I'm Thomas Kuczek, working for Google since around more than 12 years. So, long-term support is our topic. LTS is what long-term support is. And I'll be using LTS the three letters quite often today. So, let's start with the one sentence on what LTS is and then go into the details. So, LTS is our most reliable operating system for Chromebooks and Chrome OS Flex devices that receives only security updates for six months. All to action at the beginning, the middle, and at the end is test your apps on LTS. But I also go into more details about the sentence. So, Chrome OS used to have three major operating system version channels, which is Dev, Beta, and Stable. You know them since quite some time. And let me start with the why question. So, why did we create LTS? What's our inspiration behind it? So, we believe that stability, security, and low update costs are all equally important. This is what LTS gets. We believe that commercial customers and developers want stability and security and test all their applications less often, not that frequent as on Stable. We believe that LTS is the most reliable platform to run your applications on. The most secure run, it's definitely stable. It gets security fixes first, but the most reliable one is LTS. And running an operating system without security fixes is a security risk. So, I go into all of these four points into more details through the slides and through the whole presentation. So, let's ask how does LTS work? So, first of all, we only have two LTS releases per year. So, it starts at the beginning of March with 2023 with LTS 108 and ends in beginning of March 24 with LTS 120. And in between this 12 months from March to February, we have two LTS cycles and 12 stable releases. So, stable, we provide stable every month basically and only two LTS releases per year. So, once in a half year, one. LTS continues to receive frequent security fixes. So, we provide all the security fixes in stable from a release to the next release and during a respin inside a stable release. And out of these security fixes, we deliver many of them into LTS. So, you get frequent security updates in our LTS releases which actually have been proven on the stable channel already. LTS version numbers are in sync with our stable release channel but only exist every six releases, right? So, stable 108 becomes LTS 108 three months later. And when we release 114 stable in June, three months later, we release LTS 114. LTS only receives feature updates when updating from one LTS major version to another. So, LTS 108 stays feature-wise on 108 from stable but once it's end of life after six months and we release the new LTS release, you get all the features which you know from 108 to 140. So, all the new features that release during the time between 108 and 114 will find its way into LTS 114. So, when you update from LTS 114 to 120, you again get all the new features that 120 stable has. Devices update directly from one LTS release to another. So, if you update from LTS 108 to LTS 114, you get all updates with all firmware updates and all kernel updates that are necessary. We take care of this. And LTS is available three months after the corresponding stable release. So, we release 108 in December, three months later in March, 22, we release LTS 108. And you might ask yourself, what actually happens in these three months? So, why is there a delay? And the delay is actually LTC, which stands for Long-Term Support Candidate. And LTC, so Long-Term Support Candidate, is our preview release that shows how LTS will look like. There is a nice term that we have internally at Google, which says it has a three months, so LTS has a three months baking time. And this baking time for three months is what we call LTC Long-Term Support Candidate. And during this time, we ask you to provide feedback on anything that isn't working with LTC soon as quickly as possible. This is a time when we can change and adapt LTS very easily. Once LTS is out there, things are still changeable and possible, but it's way harder. So, to find bugs quickly in LTS and while you're on LTC, you need to be on LTC with some of your people. And we ask you to keep your IT staff on LTC. They should always be on LTC to see how LTS will look like and to test your applications on LTC quickly. We also ask you to keep about 5% of your production devices on LTC. So, you're not running LTC only for your IT department, but also in production somewhere where it's okay to run LTC. And it doesn't have to be LTS, our very, very stable version. So, LTC is available for six months. Same release timeline than LTS, but it is three months offset. So, it starts with 108 and once 114 is coming out, you get LTC 114 until you get LTC 120 in the same time when 120 stable is coming out. LTC, yeah, wait, I've been talking about this. LTC is available at the time when the corresponding Chrome OS stable release is available too. So, it's nearly the same timeframe. It's not to the second exactly the same timeframe, but once stable 108 is coming out, we provide you pretty nearly LTC 108. So, let's talk about pinning in our inspirational slide where I was talking about why we create LTS. I was also talking about security and actually an operating system which does not get any updates is definitely not secure anymore. But the reality is that we see this in the wild with our pinning functionality. We have it there. It's available at the admin console. You can pin all your devices to a certain version of Chrome OS and then these devices are pinned and don't get any updates anymore. We ask you to avoid pinning as much as possible because we see that the danger of forgetting pin devices is very high. I visualized this on the statistic on the left side. Thankfully, most of the devices 70% are not pinned. They are on the current stable release. There are some devices pinned on the current LTC and LTS version, which is marked in blue, which is also okay. They still get updates. And now comes the issue with these devices and the percentages in gray which are the current stable minus one, minus two, three, four and five and more devices which are pinned and actually are out of support by Google. So for one release or two releases, it might be not that bad. But we see around 10% of devices which are older than four releases back. And they're much older than four releases back. So if you pin on a version that is not current, you don't get security updates anymore. This is pretty important to know and every version of Chrome OS which is not the current stable or the current LTS or LTC release is actually unsupported by Google. So remember this when you pin devices and pinning is only possible on the major release versions, right? So you can only pin on stable 113 or LTS, LTC. The version number doesn't matter. But on these, on stable or LTS, LTC channel. So when we are talking about LTS and about pinning, we also need to talk about rollback. And rollback to the current Chrome OS LTS release is supported by Google. So you can rollback to the current LTS release. Rollback requires a target version to know to which version to rollback. And this is actually already pinning. So if you select the target version to the current LTS version, press the OK, a safe button, then you pin your devices to this specific LTS or stable version. And once a new LTS version is available, you need to change the target version to the new LTS version manually. So once you decided to pin your devices, it's up to you to take care of it. It's not Google that is updating your devices automatically and giving you all the security updates and feature updates for a new major release, which come within your major release.  You need to remember this and figure out when a new version is coming out, test this new version. And either unpin the devices or pin them to the version you have tested. But when it comes to update policies, Google is basically out of the game. You have a couple of information about rollback devices. So for the restored Chrome OS version to take effect, devices need to restart, wipe, and re-enroll into your account. We take care of this, but there is always a wipe included in a rollback, which means that data on the device, which is stored in some personal folders, will get deleted. But users see a notification that lets them know the local data will be automatically deleted during rollback. And if you have pinned to LTS, and your device is actually on stable with a higher version, you actually do a rollback current LTS. But if you have a device which is on an older version than the current LTS, you actually roll up to the pinned LTS version that you have set up in the admin console. It is quite obvious that you stay at the version that you have pinned for all devices in the organization unit that you have selected rollback. Good. So let me talk about how and how to get LTS directly in the admin console. It's really easy. So in the tree navigation structure, we have devices, Chrome settings, devices, and there are the device settings. And in the device settings long list, we have a section called device update settings. And I'm focusing on the device update settings for all the version control settings that we have. It's all in there. So if you want to get LTS, it's quite easy. We have a release channel section, which is usually, by default, set to allow users to configure. And then every user can configure for himself if he wants. Def or beta or stable or anything else. But as an admin, you can set this to long term support channel. So your organization unit gets LTS. And you find where you set up another organization unit for your IT department, which gets LTC. As I stated earlier, which is quite important, that you also see issues early. So this is how you get LTS and LTC. If you want to pin a device which we're not recommending, this is also be done in the device update settings section. So release channel was down there. The target version, which is pinning, can be controlled here. The default value is use latest available version. So it automatically updates itself. But you can choose long term support, for example. So the devices are pinned to the current LTS version. If you want to add rollback to this and your devices have a selected target version, it's, again, just one click. It's intersection rollback to target version. The default value is do not rollback OS. You can change it to rollback OS. And then rollback is enabled for this organization unit. When you add a device into your domain, into this OU, it automatically rolls back or forward to your selected LTS version. So I was talking about that if you use pinning, you need to remember yourself when a new version of stable or LTC is coming out and you need to test it. And you need your three months time during the LTC period. And then if LTS becomes available, you need to set pinning to the new LTS version yourself. And if you ask yourself, how do I know when this is happening? We have a release schedule calendar out there. It's available under chromium-appsport.com. And there is a schedule section, which tells for every single release when it becomes beta, when it becomes stable, when we have a planned refresh cycle. Is it an LTS release or an LTC release and when it comes out? So for 114, the LTS release is available on the 19th of September 2023. And the LTC release, which comes three months earlier, is available on the 13th of June 2023. You can press this next button on top as often as you want. It goes really, really far into the future. Let's go to the next slide, which is about security updates. I know that security updates can be viewed as a risk. And with this slide, I want to take you to the fear of the security updates being viewed as a risk. And I think you will pretty soon understand why. So we have two kinds of security updates. We call them security respents. We have the planned security respents and the one of security respents. Let's start with the planned security respents. So security updates get collected and distributed every two to three weeks into LTC or LTS. And most important about this is that the security updates are first released to our stable channel. That's why our stable channel is the most secure channel before they are being approved and merged to LTS. So when we merge security fixes into LTS, they've been out the security fixes, a fix in the field on millions of devices in the stable channel already. So if something is wrong there, we know this very, very quickly because it's been tested on millions of devices. We also have one of security respents for very critical security updates only. We have the capability to use this. And still with one of security respents, they land in our stable channel first. We let them bake or we make sure that nothing is happening on the stable channel with the security fixes before we merge them into LTS. So what is included into a security update? So it's Chrome OS update, security update. It can include kernel security fixes. It's also Chrome browser security fixes, which we get from the browser team. And it's also Android security fixes. So let me tell you about the reasons for admins So if you're an admin, why should you use LTS? And I think if you want stability over a six-month time frame and not only for a month, LTS is for you. If you want to update your device fleet every six months only, LTS is for you. If you want to test your applications for compatibility on LTC and LTS, right, you need LTS and LTC. It's definitely more secure than pinning because it receives frequent security updates. Pinned version on stable, when we have a new version coming out, become stale, they don't get any security updates anymore, and they become vulnerable against attacks. And LTS is not new. We have it since November 21. The first LTS release was LTS 96, which is already quite some time ago. A little bit old. We have LTS 108 now, right? So if you are a developer, what are the reasons to use LTS? I think the most important one is we already have 11 million devices on LTS. So it's a release channel, which is already highly used by our customers. I've also looked back in time into January 2022 and compared this to 2023 made. And we grew the number of devices on LTS 10 times. So LTS does not only have a lot of many million over 11 million devices running LTS, but it's also on a speed trajectory on consumers or enterprises use LTS and are not unstable, but coming into LTS. LTS is a fully supported Chrome OS release by Google. We run thousands of tests for every LTS release to ensure its stability. And we are stable. And I was talking about this already. It's our most secure channel. LTS is our most reliable release channel. So last slide. Now you see it because it looks best. And someone told me makes the last slide really inspirational because it sticks long on the screen. So fully support and test your applications on LTS. And even more important, update your website and let your customers know that you fully support LTS. It's not that complicated if you think about it because let's say we are talking about stable 108. You have been testing for stable 108 already. So you know that it's working on LTS 108. But during the time you might test for stable 109, 110, 11, 12, and so on. But remember to test on LTS too because there are many devices out there running LTS already. Thank you for listening. That's it. And I'm giving back to Rich. Rich, your last slide. Thank you, Thomas. Please visit the Chrome Enterprise Developer website for additional information to supplement your learning. That concludes today's presentation. We look forward to seeing you next week.