Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. We continue talking about conditional probabilities. This lecture is part of the course of Advanced Mathematics for Teenagers presented on Unizor.com. And that's where I recommend you to watch this lecture from because it has notes on the side. And actually it would be very useful if you read the notes first, then listen to the lecture, then you might actually read the notes again just to clarify certain things. Because sometimes I'm talking slightly differently than I'm writing. And it might actually be very useful for you to have a complete picture from both sides, oral and written. Okay, conditional probability. The previous lecture was dedicated to just philosophical discussion of what conditional probability actually is. This lecture will be a little bit more mathematical and I will basically end up with a definition of the conditional probability. Okay, so I will use the same example as in the previous lecture when I was talking about conditional probability. We have two dice. We are rolling it. But in this particular case, let's just consider that we have two people. One is rolling the dice and then tells the results to another guy. And the condition is that the guy who is rolling completely ignores all different rolls when the sum of two dice is not equal to six. So he delivers the results to the second guy who is supposed to do something with these numbers, only in case the sum of two, sum of the numbers on two dice is equal to six. Why am I doing this? Well, just to basically impose a certain condition on the random experiment. From the position of the second person, he doesn't even know about what was ignored by the first person. So all the results of the experiment which are delivered to the second person are those results when the sum is equal to six. So initially, the second person, if he doesn't basically know about anything which is related to this, ignoring certain combinations, initially he was considering that his space is six by six square, where the roll represents the result of the first dice and the column represents the result of the second dice. So this means four, five, for instance. Now, so initially, this second person who is supposed to do something with these numbers would assign equal probabilities to each pair of numbers from one to six, and each one would have the probability of 136. Now, that's in case he doesn't know anything. I was talking that knowledge changes the probability. So what the knowledge now this particular person has, he knows that whenever he has the combination of two dice, the sum of two dice is always equal to six, which means that out of these 36 different combinations, really occurring are only one five, two four, three three, four two, and five one. So the numbers which this second person gets are only one of these. What does it mean for him from the probabilistic standpoint? It means that the probabilities are no longer evenly distributed among 36 different combinations. They are evenly distributed, but only among these, which means that everything else has zero probability. And these have one fifths to have the result, the total still equal to one, right? Some of the probabilities of all elementary events must be equal to one. So this knowledge that the sum of two numbers is equal to six actually forces the second person to consider that the probability is no longer as it was before, 136 on every square, but it's zero everywhere except these five, and on these five is equal to one fifths. So the knowledge results in the shifting of the probabilities as they are distributed among the elementary events. Now, what is the job of the person number two? Well, his task is to predict the result of the second dice out of two. Is it even or odd? That's all. I mean, no more precise prediction, just even or odd. So let's just say that his task is to find the probability of the even number, right? Because the odd would be one minus this probability. All right. So, again, initially, what would be the probability of having an even number on the second dice? Well, events which we are interested in in this particular case are all events when the second dice, which is represented by the column, is equal to an even number, which means it's these and these squares, right? So they represent these six, six and six, 18 different squares. So, again, if we don't know anything about this condition of the sum is equal to six, then the probability would be 18 times 136, which is 1836, right? That would be my initial probability of having an even number as a result of the second dice. But now I know that all these guys have zero probability and only the elements on this line, only these five, have a non-zero probability. Well, what does it mean? Well, it means that I have to basically do exactly the same as before. I have to add the probabilities of all the elementary events which comprise my event, which means all these, these and these. But these are all zeros except one, which is one-fifths. This is also all zeros except one, which is another one-fifths. And these are all zeros anyway. So I have only two-fifths as a probability in case I know that the condition of my random experiment is that the sum is equal to six of two numbers, right? So unconditional probability, if I just completely randomly predict what's the result of two dice, is this one. But as soon as I introduce this condition that the sum of two numbers is equal to six, then my probabilities are immediately reshuffled in some way. Well, obviously the sums should still be equal to one. So they are reshuffling in such a way that these are one-fifths and all others are zeros. And now the same event actually I'm interested in would have a different probability because the probability of event is comprised from the probabilities of elementary events. And elementary events have different probabilities now after my knowledge about this process. So my prediction would be that if I will say that there will be an even number, the probability of this event would be two-fifths, which means the more I make this experiment, the closer the statistics will be to fifths. So this is basically how the conditional probability works. Now I would like to relate it to initial probabilities of these particular events. So this is my conditional probability. But now let's notice this. Event which I am interested in, which is even second number is even. Let's call this event a. Now, this fact that the sum of two numbers is equal to 6 would be another event which has occurred. Sum of two numbers equal to 6. This is event b. So what I have just calculated is the following. I have calculated that the probability of the event a under condition that the b has occurred, that the numbers are summed up, is equal to two-fifths. That's what I have just calculated. But let's just think about different approach. In my original distribution of the probabilities, when each square has 1 over 36, what is the probability of the event a, just as if I don't know anything about the event b? Well, the probability of the a would be, as I said, 1836, which is one-half. Now, look at these two. This and this. These are the only significant elementary events. Why they are significant? Because on one hand, they satisfy the initial condition that the sum is equal to 6. On another hand, they belong to the event which I am interested in. So there is a conditional event, event which is a condition, and then event which I am interested in. The event which is a condition is basically the combination of these elementary events. Event I am interested in is combination of these elementary events. And what are these events? They are common. They are intersection speaking in the language of the set theory. So, basically this is a intersected with b. That's what it is. These two events. And what's the probability of this? Well, that's only two elementary events. And I am talking about the initial probability. So, it's 236. Now, finally, I am talking about event b. This is a conditional event, event which has occurred as a condition of my experiment. And what's its probability? Well, it's 536. So, what do I notice? If I divide the probability of the intersection, which is 236, by the probability of the event which is a condition 536, I will get exactly the same thing, right? If you divide 236 by 536, you will get exactly the same thing. So, is this a law that the conditional probability of a under condition b is the same as the probability of their intersection divided by the probability of the conditional event b? Well, actually, it is. And I am going to show it to you in a more general case. So, this is my example where I kind of hint that this particular dependency should exist. Now, I would like to, well, I will say it proof, but this is not exactly the universal proof. This is a proof only in a relatively simple case. Simple case is when I have certain events, certain elementary events, which have equal chances to occur, and my sample space contains n elementary events, which have equal chances. So, the probability, so, events are e1, e2, etc., en. And the probability of every event, event i is equal to 1n. So, you understand the symbolics. These are elementary events, which comprise my sample space. And the probability of each of these elementary events is n. Now, let's talk about one event I am interested in. This is event a. It has certain subset of these elementary events, right? So, let's consider that it has m elementary events and their numbers are, let's say, m1, m2, m and capital M. This is my subset of elementary events, which constitute certain random event I am interested in. Now, back to the problem which I had before, these are n is equal to 36, e1, e2, en are all the different pairs of numbers 1 through 6. So, it's 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 1, etc., all the different combinations of the numbers from 1 to 6 in pairs, right? 36 different combinations. And the probability of each one is 1 over 36. Now, these are 18 different elementary events, which have the second digit even. So, it's like 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 5, 2, 6, 2, 1, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, etc., so, 18 of them. So, m is equal to 18 in my case. This is an event I'm interested in. Now, what about the event which is a condition of my experiment? The condition of the experiment is event when the sum of two numbers which are on the dice equals to 6. So, this is my conditional event b, which we assume as occurred, and it contains other, let's say, k elements. So, it's a k1, k2, etc., k, capital K. This is lowercase, this is capital K. Just for convenience. So, k of them. Now, finally, let's consider the intersection between these two. So, what are the elementary events which are included into both? Well, that's another subset. And let's say it's l1, l2, l, capital L, l of them. That's what we see. So, this is the description of my random experiment. Now, let's talk about conditional probability from the standpoint of redistribution of probabilities. So, before I had this distribution of probabilities for every event, now I'm saying that, you know what, event b always occurs. So, back to my original example, sum of two numbers is always 6. What does it mean? Well, it means that my probability total probability of 1 is distributed not among all n initial elementary events, but only among these k. And the weight of each one of them is 1 over k, 1 over k, 1 over k. So, that's my new distribution of probabilities. So, any event which is part of these has the measure, has the probability of 1 over k. Any event which is not part of this has the probability of 0. Now, let's just think. How can I calculate the probability of event a if I know that this is a real distribution of probabilities? Well, I have to summarize the probabilities of each of them. Now, each of them are either one of those, which are basically the intersection. It's these guys, or not one of those, in which case their probability is 0, and in the sum they can be completely ignored, right? So, only these elementary events, which are part of this and this, have the measure of 1k, 1 over k. So, only l out of m events have the measure of 1 over k. And the rest have the measure of 0 because they are not part of the b. So, this is a, this is b, this is a intersections b. So, I'm talking about adding up everything which is within a. It's these guys. And those guys which are not part of b have the measure of 0, so I ignore them. So, all they have to basically summarize are those which are inside of this shaded area. So, these are l elements. Each one has a measure of 1 over k, which means that my probability from this standpoint is supposed to be equal to probability of a under condition b is supposed to be l over k, right? But on the other hand, if you forget about redistribution of the probabilities and use the old measure, old probabilities, as if I just don't know about this redistribution, what happens? Well, this is obviously equals to probability of a intersection b, which is what? l over n, right? l elementary events. Each one has the measure of 1 n. So, this is l over n divided by probability of b, which is k elementary events. So, this probability is k over n. So, it's l over n divided by k over n. So, n is reduced and you get this. So, the formula actually is true in relatively abstract case of the sample space, which contains basically any finite number of elementary events, which have equal chances to occur before we introduce any kind of condition, right? So, it's equal chances before this is the probability. It's equal chances before we introduce any event. And this probability is conditional probability. So, no matter how we calculate the conditional probability from the standpoint, which I would consider more philosophical, of redistribution of the probabilities of elementary events or using just the plain formula using the old probabilities and conditional probabilities. Well, it's still the same formula is still true. So, conditional probability is expressed as unconditional probability in this particular way. Okay. Now, what's interesting is that I have just derived this formula in a relatively simple case of a finite sample space with initially equal distribution of probabilities among elementary events. Well, a really deep learning of theory of probabilities actually involves infinite sets of elementary events and obviously not necessarily even distribution of probabilities. And by the way, if my number of elementary events is infinite, we cannot have even distribution because the sum is supposedly equal to one, right? So, we cannot have the same probability, infinite number of elementary events and still have their sum equal to one, right? So, these are much more complicated cases. We are not going to consider these cases in this course. But however, what's interesting is that the concept of a conditional probabilities actually does exist in those cases as well. And in those cases, in those cases, this is basically a definition. So, in this case, my finite case with equal probabilities of elementary events, I kind of derived this formula. But generally speaking, this formula is just taken as a definition of the conditional probability. And it's really very easy to understand graphically. Here it is. So, let's consider this signifies my sample space. The points inside of this figure are elementary events. Now, this is something which I'm interested in. So, these are all elementary events, the probability of which I would like to know. So, if I know the measure of every elementary event, and I consider that the number of elementary events is finite, so I just don't put these dots, but just imagine that you have certain finite number of dots. And this figure encompasses certain number of dots. Each dot has a probability of 1 over n where n is the number of dots. So, this is my unconditional probability. Now, let's consider that I have a different event, call it b. And I know that this particular event always happens. So, what does it mean? It means that my probability is no longer evenly distributed among n dots here. It's concentrated only among the dots within this particular figure b. So, all the dots are here. And what's the probability of the event a in this case? How can I calculate it? Well, I have to add only the dots which are here in the intersection between these two areas. Because every dot which is here has a zero probability. It's outside of b. And I know that only the probability of the elementary events within b have certain non-zero measure, non-zero probability. So, I have to calculate only these guys. Now, I know that the distribution of probabilities is even within all of the dots, all of the elementary events within the b. So, what is my probability of a under condition that b always occurs? Well, basically it's the ratio between this area, which is area of the intersection divided by this area, which is basically the total probability of b. So, this particular graphical explanation of the conditional probabilities probably the most obvious. So, all you have to know is which part of the a belongs to b, which is the intersection. And what kind of a, what fraction of the entire b this intersection actually represents. And the ratio between this area and this area is a conditional probability of a under condition that b always occurs. So, that's what you always have to keep in mind. This is this formula actually is all about. So, if you know this, it will be very easy for you. If you know this graphical picture, it will be very easy for you to understand what actually the conditional probability is. So, the condition establishes a new field where the game actually occurs. Now, and everything which is outside can be just completely ignored these pieces. And only whatever is happening inside is important. So, what part of the inside of the b belongs actually to a, that's their intersection. By the way, what's obvious right now is that conditional probability of a under condition b is not equal to conditional probability of b under condition of a. And it's also very obvious graphically. So, if this is a and this is b, this is a intersections b. This one is equal to area of this divided by the area of b. And this one is equal to area of this divided by the area of a. And obviously, they are different generally speaking, right? Basically, that's it. That's all I wanted to tell about the conditional probability. I have exemplified it first and then I kind of generalized for all the cases with the finite probability of, with the final number, finite number of elementary events and equal probability of each of them. And the whole purpose of this lecture was to derive this formula. The formula for conditional probability. And again, remember that my derivation is only for this particular case. Generally speaking, this is, this formula is a definition, this formula is a definition of the conditional probability in the most general case, whatever is possible. That's it. Thanks very much. If you can try to read this lecture again in the notes on Unisor.com. And as usually, I encourage you to register on the website. And that would allow you to take the course basically, as in its entirety, including exams, where you can basically test how you are going, how you are absorbing this information. Thanks very much. Good luck.


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2014 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 3500 is stock number 12762ZA. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, near New and used cargo van and work van headquarters. This 2014 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 3500 has the 3.0-liter V6 diesel engine. It puts out 188 horsepower and 325 foot-pounds of torque. Arctic White is the color. This van has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off, and this van is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around inside, start it up, take a look under the hood, and just show you all the options on this particular van, as well as the cleanliness. Like I said, Arctic White is the color, and I shoot all my videos in 4K. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, I recommend turning them on now because it is your best way to check out the quality condition options and of course cleanliness of the vehicle before seeing it in person. This thing is in really nice condition. I didn't see any dents or major dings on it, and I think this is the biggest configuration you can get. It's just about 23 feet long. It has the dual rear wheel, and it's the 170-inch with the extension, so the extended length on it. So I believe this is the biggest one you can get. And as you go down the driver's side, you can see there's a lot of space for any decals or signage that you'd like to put on here. Typically people buying these are companies, so imagine your company name on the side of this big billboard that travels all over. And really nice down that side, front fenders in nice condition. If you like the video, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is youtube.com slash Summit Auto. Click the bell notifications, and you'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day of our new and used inventory here at Summit Automotive. This one comes with these steel wheels with some really nice Mercedes-Benz chrome wheel simulators. It has Continental vanco 4-season LT215R16 tires, and these tires I would say have probably about 60% of the tread left, at least in the front here. Once again that front fender is in fantastic condition, no dents or dings. Headlight lenses are nice and clear. This one does have LED lights in it. We're going to turn those on at the end of the video. The front bumper is in nice condition. You get fog lights. You also get some nice PIAA fog lights on the grille guard there. And with that grille guard, this thing is actually like 23 and a half feet long. The hood is in fantastic condition. I didn't see any major dents or dings on there. And I did want to point out though, the lights, the aftermarket lights up top do not work. They are just there for show. They do not light up, but wanted to disclose that. Passenger side front fender is in nice condition, and the passenger side wheel simulator is in great shape as well. As you go down this side of the vehicle, notice that it does have the chrome covers on the mirrors. And take note of how clean that body is. Once again, a lot of signage, and I didn't see any dents, I didn't see any dings, it's very well maintained van. So it wasn't, you know, sometimes these things can get beat up and used really hard and this one looks like it was used, but gently. If you liked the video, and if this video helps you make a buying decision, let your salesmen know that you saw the video, that it was helpful, and that Brett sent you, and that I can keep doing these videos each and every day. This is locked right now, and I will unlock that so we can take a look at the back. In fact, I'm going to pause the video right here and we'll unlock it, and then I'll show you that. All right, I apologize for that. So these doors slide, or this door slide is really nice and smooth, and then it kind of locks into place. The back storage area is very nice and clean. You get the stainless steel diamond plated flooring back here, very nice and clean. You get some nice windows with the weather guard metal partition here, and then that partition is all carpeted on the inside, so it's nice and quiet inside the cab. You can see it's very nice and clean back here. So I'm going to show you the back and how those doors work. That shuts nice and smoothly and solidly. The back tires have just as much tread as the front tires, and the frame and underbody is in really nice shape all the way underneath. Looks really good. The rockers all look pretty good as well. You get the dual rear wheels on this one. Coming around to the back, you get a nice step. It does have the receiver hitch and four pin wiring, which is right there. And the rear doors all look really good as well. Now they open up like so, and then they kind of lock into place. I'm going to show you on the driver's side here. So all you got to do is take this piece and kind of lift it off like so. And then what happens is you can open up this door all the way. And what's really cool is that piece right there, it's magnetic, so it snaps into place. Then your door is not going to fly open into traffic or anything, and then you can get all your stuff put in there very nice and easily. There are a couple nice handle grab bars on there. And when you close it, this door just goes right back to where it's supposed to go, and shuts nice and easily, as does this one. Really a sweet van. If you're in the market for one of these, I don't think you'll be disappointed in it. The back rim, or wheel simulator, is in nice shape as well. And those tires have just as much tread as all the other ones. Down the rest of this side you get the power mirrors. They have built in directional signals inside. The interior is very clean. You get the really nice good looking black, almost plaid seats, bucket seats with the captain's armrests on there. They're all manual, heavy duty rubber floor. You can see that partition is all carpeted, as is the ceiling. Everything's very clean in here. You do get power mirrors, power windows, does have power locks as well. We'll turn the ignition on here so you can check out the miles and the radio, and everything that this van has to offer. You can see that this one has 21,788 miles. The instrument cluster is very nice and clean. It does have cruise control right there. You get a Kenwood DNX 573S radio. It does have the factory navigation system on it. You can see there's Highway 41, so that is working nicely. AM FM radio.  I will disclose that with the aftermarket radio, the backup camera does not work with this radio. We'll start it up here. I just want to disclose everything that I can. Instrument cluster is very clean. Back engine lights or anything like that, and we'll take a look under the hood. The hood release is right there. You can see those PIA-A lights are working nicely, and under the hood, we have the three-liter V6 diesel engine, 188 horsepower, 325 foot pounds of torque. Very smooth once again. This van has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off, just like your windshield washer fluid there. This one is 100 percent ready to go. I would highly recommend this van from a quality and condition standpoint. Like I said, if you're in the market for one of these Mercedes-Benz 3500 sprinters with the diesel engine, this is the one. She's all ready to go, ultra clean, really a nice ride. To see more pictures of this van or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wringles, you can go to summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations, all at summitauto.com. If you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. Click the bell notifications, and you'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact, in a second, you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left. I'll link to more van videos I've done in the upper right, a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left, and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those, check us out, and we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean 2014 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Van 3500 dual rear wheel 170 inch extended in Arctic white clear coat. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


Kavelo, you said that people are not practical when buying property. Big statement, Kavi. Let's hear a little bit more about that. Well, essentially, ST, you know, the reason why some people are not practical in what they're choosing is they don't have the fundamental idea of what exactly they're looking for. They want something modern, but they don't choose the area, you know. They want something practical in order of investing and they don't choose the correct area. So that's exactly what I meant. So what essentially happens if somebody decides to buy a place, let's say for example Pretoria, but they choose the other side of Pretoria, the end of Pretoria, and then they think that investment return will come back to them. Essentially, it doesn't happen that way because areas change, you know, areas change. People come in that are not of a certain caliber and they can destroy an area. So that's what I mean by practicality is very important. If you want something modern, know where you want modern. Have the budget for modern because it's very important, it's essential. Because I was about to ask what would you say are the tools or skill set that a young investor would need to have to have this practical mindset? Location number one and have an idea as to where most businesses are going or headed to. Sentin is a business hub, it's known as a business hub. People like to live in Sentin, work in Sentin. However, Sentin has its drawbacks. It has its drawbacks. So as somebody wanting to be practical, you've got to know where most people like to live, location, location, and I'll punt it as much as I want to. Location is important. I'm so excited to have you on the show because one of the important or something that I've also been like an intern or battle with myself is, do I rent or do I buy? And ladies and gentlemen, that is the topic of this evening. Do we rent or do we buy? That is my question to you, KB. What would you suggest? Buying if you want to invest, renting if you're thinking of relocating. How do I know if I'm going to relocate? Well, it depends on your job, what type of job you do. As you have seen, ST, I'm sure you have noticed that in this time and era of 2020, 2021, we have seen a lot of people going online. Other people are downsizing. Others are deciding that I can't afford the rental anymore. So what's the best way of doing it? I decide to go home. I live with my parents and then restart again. However, though, it doesn't end there because not everybody has parents to move back to. Let us remember that. Others actually think about, you know what, I can't pay the rent anymore. It's too expensive. My salary, number one. Number two, if I want to buy a property, I need to look at various factors. Thank you for watching. Subscribe. Click the like button. Thank you.


Hi everybody, Joe for jaspyscasewrakes.com coming at you with 2021 Panini Contenders Football 3 box picker team number one with a free box of contenders being given away a sealed box if you bought at least two teams if you follow the instructions right here. We're popping this from a fresh case, a very big thanks to this group right here for making it happen. Contenders 3 box PYT number one. Now this is a 12 box case so what we're going to do is we're going to select a stack of four and then we'll select one of those boxes to be we'll select one of those boxes to be the giveaway box. All right there it is 2021 contenders football yeah tons of rates up from that panini one hopefully we could do some more of that tonight as well all right so these are in stacks of three huh so let's make you do that there you go so now there's three stacks of four so we'll go one two three four five six on the dice roll we'll use that one one two three four five six and it's four one two three four so that's the middle column here and then we'll roll the die again we'll go one two three four on the dice roll five or six i'll roll again so whatever this die chooses will be the box the sealed box that we're given away five we'll roll again five we'll roll again two so second box two that'll be the giveaway box right here that's going to go to someone to be determined leave that right there now we can do this three box break yeah the little filly red on the die niners red if you want to call it that cardinals red whatever team suits your fancy all right we got an important poll question in the chat today so if you're watching live feel free to vote um how do you pronounce the name of the team with the first overall pick in the nfl draft today's draft is it jaguars or is it jaguars after about 30 votes 52 percent say jaguars it's it's pretty close pretty even split i've been watching nfl network all morning i've heard all the broadcasters say one way or the other i've heard both heard both connotations hi mike i don't think i'll be rolling a dice for that playbook one though harry i think i'm just grabbing a random box from the back harry says the car's a jaguar but the team is a jaguar sam says his pronounced losers harsh all right good luck everybody i'm assuming these common cards don't ship but those inserts will ship and autographs obviously ship there is rookie ticket auto right on the card rashad bateman sub chris what's going on that'll be for erin and the ravens oh and points will give away to one person in the break we'll do a left right randomizer on that as well and we got jamine davis rookie ticket autographs and that goes to ryan herald and the washington commanders and we got jesper horstett playoff ticket autograph for the bears jeff with chicago and we've got for the boys brandon smith that'll be for greg and dalis g dash oh and that those points take the place of an autograph so we already have four so i think that's going to be it unless there's a numbered card there is michael strahan three out of 25 power players uh david m with the giants on that one do they still short print certain rookies like they used to i don't think so paul i think all the all the vet commons that don't ship are um are just vets actually it doesn't say a vet commons ship or not so actually i think everything ships but anyway um but i think the rookies are just like inserts or something like that i don't think they really uh they do like a short printed rookie card or anything like that sam darnell's to 199 so i think they just do that the rookie of the year contenders cards and there's cracked ice nine out of 21 samuel kosmy cracked ice rookie ticket autograph ryan herald washington commanders and sam darnell right here as well see what carolina does who knows what they're going to do are they going to get a quarterback who knows this draft could draft could make all sorts of teams just change the the scope of the team rookie ticket autograph victor dem uh demokie demokiege i'm gonna go with that cardinal steven flat with arizona apologies to uh apologies to victor and we got aziz ojolari rookie ticket autograph david with the giants new york football giants and we got khalil harbert 26 out of 49 champions to ticket auto for the bears that'll be for jeff and the bears and a redemption redemption is gonna be just in fields rookie ticket rps that is for jeff lidell and the bears nice redemption so let's see let's see what the bears do let's see what the bears do to help justin fields out all right congrats jeff and third in final box all right that is a nice hit hopefully under under some uh with uh that new coaching staff they have out there maybe some maybe they're gonna add some more pieces tonight not quite don't quite sure not quite sure what the bears in the off season but oh you've been waiting rines been waiting on a spectra rpa for months you know it could be sometimes it's sometimes it's panini i mean unless you're seeing redeemed spectra rpa cards on on ebay or something like that but most of the time it's usually on the player third and final box and we've got a jet rookie ticket autograph alijah vera tucker that'll be for lenard and the jets rookie ticket autograph michael parson's look like a little i don't know what that is i think it's a misprint or is it actual chip it feels like it's a little chip right there unfortunately but this is for dallas that's gonna go to greg and the boys just keep an eye on mind that another redemption at a championship ticket car chase young great game record here out of 99 chase young ryan with the commanders we've got a divine diablo rookie ticket autograph i think he had a pretty pretty solid season last year for my raiders all of her with my raiders my raiders not going to be drafting until until tomorrow in the third round but more defense and offensive lion help is what my raiders are looking for rookie ticket autograph christian barmore patriots that'll be for karen and it's jailen dartin rookie playoff ticket variation rps who i think is uh a buccaneer he is a buccaneer all right and there you go now some randomizing to do we got to give away a box and we got to give away points and we got to do a left right randomizer so let's go back to random dot org let's do a left right randomizer here everyone's got a shot at the points and uh the box you have to buy at least two teams so let's get that together as well erin with two teams that's a spot in the promo david you had three two counts for the promo that's still an entry derrick two teams that's an entry greg three teams two counts for the promo that's still one entry jeff got four that's two entries there's jeremy jordan karen two teams that's an entry oliver two teams that's an entry ryan h two teams that's an entry simon two teams that's an entry and seem flat got six teams that's three entries all right so let's just spot check this steven simon ryan oliver karen jeff greg derrick david erin all right so that will be for the chance at the sealed box all right one dice roll for all three lists let's roll it randomize it four and six ten times left right randomizer one two three four five six seven eight nine and tenth and final time right side we'll get those cards four and a six ten times for the points name on top we'll get four hundred points one two three four five six seven eight nine and tenth and final time oliver four hundred points not bad four hundred points isn't bad and now for the sealed box ten times name on top one two three four five six seven eight nine and tenth and final time david m there you go you'll get the uh you get the sealed box going your way and there you have it boys and girls nice little break of contenders uh football three box break from jonesby's casebreaks.com thanks for watching thanks for breaking with us and i will see you next time for the next one bye bye


Hello everyone. My name is Prashan Dhanke. I'm a RADOS engineer at IBM Canada. Today I'm going to talk about safe troubleshooting in a containerized environment. So let's start. I'm going to talk about diagnosing problems in a safe environment and how to troubleshoot them. Next up is like log collection, where to look for the logs and how to increase the debug levels for the demons. And understanding those logs, how to analyze them. Next one is like troubleshooting safe OSD demons as well and MGR safe manager. And next topic is like memory issues, like how to troubleshoot them and how to kind of like what data we needed to analyze the memory issues as well as how to troubleshoot them. And the last one is like how to troubleshoot the crashing or other sec folding safe demons. So the first is like diagnosing problems. So you usually see like if you are seeing some problems in the safe cluster, you usually start with the safe status and see how the cluster is doing. So whether you are seeing some issues with the safe status like health one or health error. So that indicates like you are having some problems in the safe environment. So you start looking for the kind of like logs or some other additional information to find out where the real problem is. So logs is really helpful in that perspective. So in the safe continuous environment, all the log goes to the general D and where you can find all the logs for the demons. Like if you talk about the cluster logs, then you need to find it in the safe monitor demon general D. So you can get those from using the safe general CTL command, general CTL hyphen you and the demon name you can sign. If you want to have the dedicated or rather like the logs in the specific file just like what you used to have it in the bare metal environment, you can use a log to file config variable to set it for the specific safe demon. Then you'll get the logs in a specific log file. So timestamps. So timestamps is really important. Like when you are talking about the problems, right? So you are seeing some problems, but you don't know what really happening. So and you want to track it down to what really happened before the cluster seeing the problem. So you need to find the timestamp when the things started going left and kind of like way. So you need to go back to the previous events. If something has happened, like some OSDs are going down or some being marked down or some OSDs are crashing or some other issues. Like you have done some changes in the environment like a network changes or some other changes in the environment. So the months months are really important. Like when you're actually trying to access the cluster. So if months are not doing good or rather like they are not in a quorum, then you'll find a client hung or other like ion issues. So in that, in that case, you might need to find some, like whether the, it's really the Mon quorum issue or some other issues like networking or some other configuration changes like configuration. Like you have probably deployed the wrong safe config on the client node where you have the wrong mon IP addresses. If you really want to track it down to the safe monitor. So months are not in quorum. Then you need to enable the debugging for the, all the monitors and then track it down why they are actually not able to select the lead monitor. So slopes, like you often see the slopes in the cluster. So that's usually because of the kind of like you have rather like, what are you going to say? One of the OSTs rather like slow or if it's affecting the multiple OSTs, you see it in the step status. You'll see like, okay, this X number of OSTs are having a slow request and implicated OST numbers you can say. So if there is like just small set of OSTs, then you can track it down to that specific OSTs and then enable the debugging and find it out. Whether the disk is slow or rather like some networking changes in that OST node or some other issues like the firmware issues. And if you are affecting, if it has affecting multiple OSTs, then you need to look in the broader like if there is a network changes or something or some environmental changes. If you have done recent like upgrades and that might have some bugs in the safe core, that might be affecting this slow request. Similarly, like as I talked, like the network stability important, like if network is not stable, then you'll see a lot of log issues in the safe cluster. The firewall and IP table rules are also kind of like you have configured it, but sometimes what happened, you reboot the nodes and you find it like, okay, after reboot, then this specific set of OSTs and that OST node is not able to communicate with other OSTs. So likely on the restart, the IP table rules had changed or some settings had changed. So you need to look around that area. Resource limitation. So in the container environment, each safe demand containers doesn't have any limits as if you talk about like memory or CPU. So some customer configure the safe containers to have the limited memory or CPU. So if that is actually affecting your performance or that's affecting the overall safe working situation, then you need to look for around that area, like whether the OSTs or other safe demands are encountering any resource limitations. So you usually see the safe demand crashes as well, whether it's OST, Emon or any other demands. So you look for the safe status and look for some like pointers like whether the safe status, you are seeing any demons are recently crashed. That's likely the crash model has collected the crash information. Sometimes you don't see it just like in the root environment. It's because it's something to do with the kind of the core dump, like it's not getting generated on the environment. The memory leak issues. So it's not often like you'll have the memory leak issues. There could be reasons, different reasons for that as well. You might be like tune the cluster in a way that it's actually you are disabled the OST memory target, just like what do you call it? It's attotune, like blue star attotune flag you have set to false, then you are actually eventually disabling the OST memory target. So the OST is not rather like sticking to the memory target set. So it overshoots. Also like in case of there's a recovery or scrubbing is happening, that might also in that case also the oral OST demand memory grows. The performance issues, it can be environmental like network or the disk or any kernel box, I would say. But overall like if you say like you have benchmark cluster and it's often like giving some bad performance later on, then it could be environmental.  Then you can't get that much rather like latency in the, from the, from the same position. So inconsistency, you often see like some pitch starts are inconsistent, like number of bytes or even like in case of like safe raw usage. So raw usage is like, you are seeing the total usage for the cluster is the most, I assume like your five petabytes. But overall the OST used bytes is kind of like six, five point five. So yeah, there is a 500 TB of shortage. So it likely because the OST or other like blue stories not really in the space from the disk, you can say. We can discuss that one like a letter or part of the slides. So this is one of the issue you often see in the open stack environment as well. And even the star and the bare metal environment as well where you are using it for the different applications. So here if you say like, this is public network and cluster network are different for them one. But the rados command is actually not or other like the safe clients are not able to communicate with the cluster. So safe cluster health is okay. Everything is looking good. And you are not seeing any problem in the network as well. But here the problem is like some of the OSTs are actually having their front addresses on the client network where they are supposed to have it on the public network. It's because of the race condition with the container and the networking system like system, the network manager. So it's sometimes it usually takes like a couple of hours to find it. Okay, what's really going wrong. So here you can easily use some like some commands, safe commands like rados or RBD commands and just run it in a debug MS mode like enable the debug MS logs and see which kind of like whether all the OSTs are responding. Or other ways to just take the OST dump and see whether the all the OSTs are having the front addresses on the public network. So in this particular case, if you see like the OST two, it's actually was not responding to the this particular like OST off. So the OST two is actually listening on the on the cluster network IP address instead of the public. So this is kind of like generic. So this is no problem at the moment. So to kind of like to avoid this issue always define the public nature for the OSTs. So that way, actually, if the OST when it starts, it makes sure the OST is binding on the IP address from the public network only. So the, the puff data. So this one is useful when you're actually trying to investigate the high CPU consumption issues for those safety months. So you collect the puff data, puff record, and then using the puff report, you can see this kind of like call stacks. So which usually tells you like where the most of the time is being spent in which call. So this one is kind of like it's spending most of time in the while adding the key value pair to the ROXDB. So this is a kind of like a normal like a system to service file and the unit dot run file in the constraints environment. So the first one is like, so earlier you used to have in the, in the before Nautilus or other like in the Nautilus, you have the pod run command in the service file only. But now we moved everything to the unit dot file for the individual OST. So the first command in the unit dot run, not sure whether you are able to view it properly. So this one, this one is just to activate the OST and the below one is actually running the actual safe demon or safe demons, you can say, with the safe monor MGR. This is a PSD you can set the possessory for the safe demons in the content environment where you have this con man, the content manager monitor and management tool, which actually creates this, the container process and pod man or use by the like it uses the run C kind of to create the container process. And then the pod man in it or other like pod man, then starts this OST demon under it. So, sometimes you often need to change the some add some like assume like your case like the OST is not able to kind of like communicate with the monitor and it's not you want to debug it and see what's really happening. You might need to use a save dot com or unit dot run like add the additional debug variables in the safe command in the unit dot run and you can start rather like the safe demon in a more debug level like higher level level level. So safe idiom. So how many of you using safe idiom or other like safe and civil to manage the cluster. And how many like using the Rooks of the open shift. Okay. Yeah. Thanks. So earlier, if you remember, like if before the safe idiom, so we usually have to follow these steps to mount the blue store to have the access to the actual disk. You can say to get the blue FS or other like investigate the blue store. You can say if you want to get something from the blue store. So these steps are being awarded now with the safe idiom. You just need to run the safe idiom shell and then name of the demon to get access to the blue store divorce or disk. You can say we can usually like use it for the exporting the blue FS or accessing like if you want to just use the blue store content. So this is safe like for the exporting the blue FS in case if you want to investigate spill or blue FS, spill or bug or some other like corruptions rocks to be corruptions as well. Similarly, if often like in the before blue store, like if you are used a file store as well, right? You often see the PG directories on the on the file store, but you can also use this fuse month for the blue store to have the access to the PG directories and see where the actual objects are getting stored and how is kind of like the structure inside the blue store as well. So this is just for the information perspective. We never use to mount this fuse month. You would never rather like you don't need to do that. Actually just kind of like if you want to see like how the things inside the blue store. Similarly, like like exporting PG like you often see like the some situation where the OST is rather like is is crashing after connecting to the month. But the blue store itself is kind of like consistent. It's not showing any corruptions and you need to export the PG from the that particular OST because some pieces are down or incomplete. And you want to repair kind of like repair that PG or other like recreate that PG. You can export that PG and imported to the acting set of that PG that to the other OSTs. So as I discussed earlier as well, like the cold dump is really crucial. Like if you want to investigate some memory leak issues or some safe code bugs, you can say or even case of like if something is what you can say. Due to some corruption, blue store corruption as well. And in some cases as well, like if you want to dump the in memory logs as well. So cold dump is really important here to investigate or see the problem. You sometimes see that the cold dump is not getting generated. So that's because of like you have the default core file limit is is not set properly or rather like it's default to the soft limit is zero. So that's meant like it's the system doesn't like system decode on service is not able to dump the cold dump file or other creative code on file. In that case, you need to use this, like define this default limit core to infinity, like setting the soft and hard limit for the hard limit for this limit core file in the system. And just restart the system D or restart the node. So as I said earlier, like all the demon logs goes to the general D. And if you want to get hold of the specific demon logs, then you need to do the general CDL command. And you often get the source report sometimes. And all the logs are inside the same journal, journal D archive file. So you have to use the general CDL hyphen of one file and archive file path and use the service name in the hyphen option to get the specific demon logs. If you are uncomfortable with the journal dance, just in kind of like you're not able to trace out the logs through the journal D, you can often go back to the old way of like dumping the demon logs in the specific file. So you can just set the global log to file to true. And if you want to have the cluster logs as well in a specific file as well, then just set the mon cluster log to, mon cluster log to file to true. And as well as you can disable the logging for journal D using these four config parameters. Yeah, if you want to set it to the, so the monitor config database has really made it easy to easily apply the configuration throughout the cluster. So with a just single command. Earlier you have to do it. Safe tail command to do it like for the specific demons, like monitor or the OSTs. But with the monitor config database, you can easily apply to the all the set of the OST types you can say. Sorry, the safe type, safe demon type. So, but sometimes this config rather like if the demons are not able to communicate or rather like having problem with the, communicate with the months, then this like safe config command will not be helpful. So you have to do it through the safe.conf or through the safe admin socket commands as well, not admin socket, yeah. So you can rather like debug it through the, the boot up process or the OST or the safe month boot up process as well, like see where the things are going wrong with that one. So, as the safe logs are also important equally the system D or sorry, the message of the kernel logs are also important. So sometimes like everything is looking good from the safe, safe logs perspective, but you know, never know like what really happened on the system. When the things are not going in the right direction for the safe node, you can say. So that particular nodes, the message of the kernel logs can give you more details like was there a kind of like the task hung issue or some other issues you can say. So this is different issues kind of like for the safe object storage demon. You often see like the flapping worsties, which could be because of someone who was like the blue store corruption or because of like, OEM killer event like some specific like when the cluster is under recovery or scrubbing activities going on or some other issues as well. So in that case, you need to track it down through the cluster logs, what really happening and see the events like whether it's because of like the OSTC being marked on wrongly, whether it's because of like the multiple reporters from the peer OSTs. And if it's just specific to the OST nodes, then you can find it. Okay, this specific OST node is having problem, but it is throughout the cluster. Then it might be related to some environmental issues. So in the flapping OST case as well, if it's a crash, then you'll have the core dump and even the crash module captures the crash info as well. So what really happened when the demon crashed, you can say. So this blue store, the next is a blue store not freeing up the display. So this is sometimes it's because of the really the blue store bug or something to do with the discard, like the discard functionality. So the STDs don't support the discard functionality. So and there is a case of like you have said a blue store BTO discard flag to falls, you can say. So in that scenario as well, like you will see the case like you have the in the Rookscape environment. If the disk is backed by the VMware bigger file, and even after deleting the data from pools, you'll still see some data is kind of like the blue store is not really in the space. So it could be related to the blue, the discard functionality. We sometimes see the discorruptions as well, the blue store corruptions or rocks to be or the even the superblock or the label block as well on the blue store. So in that case, like it's if you talk about the rocks to be the corruption happens might happens during the compaction rocks to become compaction. And if you talk about the blue store, it could be it's it's during the kind of like it's if you talk about like because of the exponential growth of the blue FS lock lock file, you can log. And if you talk about the blue superblock corruption, it could be the multiple safe containers are running against a single OSD that could corrupt the label block as well as the superblock as well. So but recently this has been fixed. We, you know, there is there was one bug with the discorruption with the superblock. The blue FS, you know, space. So if the blue store is highly fragmented and there is no space left to allocate for the kind of like blue store allocations are filling. So it could be like because it's like blue store share alloc size is 64 K and the OSTs has iteratively consumed all the 64 K larger blocks and and the allocation is failing because the allocation is not aligned to the 64 K. So you have to get the freedom from the blue store and see how the allocation is and which specific kind of like the blocks are being used and where we have the any space for the like any any blocks from the specific allocation size you can say 64 K. So you can lower the blue store share alloc size to 60 16 K. But you need to analyze the freedom carefully and then apply that so that you can at least start the OST. And then once the things further looks good from the PG perspective, all the pieces are active. Then you can actually redeploy that OST. So memory leak. I'll briefly talk in the next slide. So as I said, like it could be the configuration issue or there is a real memory leak issue as well. So we have not seen that much like high CPU consumption since Nautilus, but there is a possibility like because of some tuning from the safe from the OST perspective. So for that, you need to use a perf perf tool or even you can use the wall clock profiler implemented by Mark Nelson. And even like there is a new tool like O profile if you're aware of it.  So you if you are if you are seeing this in more often in the rook safe environment, then it's might be related to the safe MDS. So the MGR volume plugins, which actually handles is safe FS commands, right? So you might have some corruption, the file system corruption, the MDS corruption, you can say, or the MDS is not rather like healthy. So you might so there could be some other issues like some other models, safe MGR models also kind of like affecting these overall like issues, you can say. So the another model I can name it like it's a progress model as well. We have seen it in the past. You might see like some like the pages are in unknown state. That's likely because the MGR is done since long time or the OSTs are failing to send the page starts to the MGR to keep it updated. You will less likely see this MGR crash as well. You mostly like you'll see the the model crashes like because of some bugs in the model MGR models. Yeah. So the memory leak issues, I would say. So apart from like monitoring tool, like some PS commands or using some dashboards, okay. So dashboard or use in the graph on as well. You can use this apartment starts commands as well to monitor the container issues. And if you really say, okay, this, this particular demon containers consume a lot of memory, then you can track it down through the kind of like core dump or some additional like. Dump mempools and see where the whether it's really the demon memory leak issues or not. If you talk about the with respect to OSTs, it's might be because of the workload. But yeah, it's it's you need more information to track it down to the what it's if it's really the memory leak issue. The heap profile also helps, which actually gives you the TC malloc profiles, like how the heap looks like when you see it like from the how much is the heap size for the specific save demons as well. As I said, like dump impulse also helpful unique. You can track it if for the OSTs, you can see it from the blue FS and blue store. But if it's MGR or more, then you need to track it down from the other areas as well. Some like anonymous buffers like that you can see. So we often use the core dump as a additional. So I'll quickly wrap it up. So so you can create a core dump when the memory consumption is at the highest level. And then you can generate a core dump. So in the container, you don't have the kind of like gcore command because it needs a PID namespace access for the containers. So you can generate a core dump directly from the node and give the like send a trap or abort signal to the save demon directly. So you can generate the core dump. And then you can analyze it using the core analyzer, which is another like very good tool to analyze the heap and even use a string command to investigate from the core dump. So this is one of the kind of like the GDP script. You can use it to get the in memory logs, safe logs. If you don't have the safe logs available, because if you talk about the root safe, right, when the crashes, the root safe creates another pod container, OST pod. So you lose the earlier logs, and you don't know what really happened. So you can still able to access it from the node, but you have to go through the, go to the ODF or other like the storage node and then find it from the slash lock safe. But if you have the core dump, that's also useful to get all the in memory logs as well. So you just need to use this script in the from the safe source code in the it's inside the script directly. So its name is like safe dump log.py. So you just need to find the particular traits which has this particular frame. It's a particular frame you can say which has the access to this safe context global safe context object. So that has a log handle log handle. So you just need to run this GDP script function to get all the in memory logs. So, so this is like the crashing or set faulting safety month. So if the safe OSD is starting, but it's not able to put it properly and it's crashing before it's actually able to talk to the safe monitor you can say. So here you can see actually when, when I tried to start this OSD for it crashed, but I don't have any much details here in the logs. Even the apartment logs is not giving much details. So, but fortunately you have the core dump of that file. So what I did to debug this issue is like just run this command using the what I said like safe ADM shell command and get just get access to that OSD block device you can say. And then run this command directly on the content inside the container to run that safe demand in the foreground command in the foreground mode you can say. But still it doesn't give what really went wrong. It did say from the call stack it's actually there is a PG meta data corruption, but it doesn't say which PT which PZ is associated with. So, so from the core dump you can actually find that one like either through the logs in memory logs or you can go through the kind of like the GDP debugging and find out which PZ is associated with this one. And whether it's it's because what kind of issues it's facing like it's here is basically like it's because of the approach corruption in the PG meta data for PG 1.10. The MCD is kind of like hex value you need to convert it to the kind of like the decimal. Yeah, to find out like it's 1.10. Yeah, that's all from my set. I'm happy to take questions.


Hello and welcome to The Rugged Rockhound.   So today we're just going to coat a bunch of geodes and a few other things and we'll see how they turn out. We'll start it off with a dug way geode. One of the thin ones and nice turned out just fine. These thin ones are actually kind of nice because they tend to fill in and so then they become more of a thundereg. We've got some bird's eye marble, the other side fractured and we're left just with this side, but it's a nice little shell. Here's another bird's eye shell. Once again the other side fractured and it left just the top end of it. Here's another dug way geode, a little flat. This one was more hollow. Kind of nice. That yellow in there, maybe not the best, but the rest of it looks pretty nice. Here's some of the Levan black gaget we still hadn't cut open. Oh, got a little bit right down there. I got some darky there and then just some black up here. It'll look nice though once you can get some light through it, but not bad overall. Here's a piece of slainna wonder stone. This was the broken side. Cut this side and the last little bit on that side actually fractured. So that's all we got out of it. Still nice. Here's some white petrified wood. Decided to cut it and see if it was the same color inside. Yep, pretty much. Here's some more wonder stone from Vernon. It looked very nice on this side, so cut it open and ooh, very nice. Nice. That looks like a tree branch down there. Put them together maybe. Could be like one continuous branch. That's really cool. It's really pretty. Oh, they're like butterfly wings. Here's another one of those flat dug way geodes. Oh, not too bad. Looks pretty nice. Here's a little rock of, I believe it was serpentine that I collected years ago. Oh, it looks pretty nice. I like the green in it. The green is really nice.  Huh, it's very dark. Not good color, but the pattern is kind of cool. I do like the pattern. Here's another thin dug way geode. Oh, not too bad. Still not the best, but that little pocket there's cool. Here's a little piece of wood that I think we got from Nephi. Oh, well that's pretty. I wish I had more color, but the pattern in it's really nice. This is some malachite I found at a copper mine at some point in time. Oh, very nice. Very green. It's a lot of malachite. And for the final one we have this nice big geode from, I believe, dug way. Oh, look at that. That is basically a thunder egg. That is very nice. Oh, yeah, that is good. Good one to end on. Very nice. A lot of good stuff. I hope you enjoyed that and I'll see you on the next one. Remember, there is treasure everywhere.


Are you ready to start using Evernote? If yes, you're in luck, because today we're going to show you how to create a note. Rod here, and welcome to Burn to Learn. Here's the situation. You're in a planning meeting, and you realize that you need to send instructions to your team right away. So here's what you do. First, open Evernote. Now open a new note. Give it a title. Now start to write your note. And now select the font size and the font itself. You can change the color of the font. You can also make the words bold or highlight them. Remember to like this video. Your note looks great so far, right? But it can look even better. Evernote allows you to attach information your team needs like a picture or a drive document. And if you need to send a voice message or a recording of the meeting you just had, you can do that too. You can also take a picture and send it to your team. Finally, identify where your note will be saved, which could be by notebooks or tags. Your note is ready. See how easy that was to do? And there is so much more you can do with Evernote. So subscribe to our channel and watch our future videos on Evernote. Thanks for watching.


I have an email here that I received from someone that's out there watching on YouTube And I thought it was a really good email so much so that I decided to share it with you guys out there I want to just go through they asked some really legitimate questions And thus I thought it would be helpful if I just answered these questions on a live YouTube chat with you guys so that way other people can hear the answers and the responses I'm just gonna go through and read the questions if you don't mind The first thing is they were watching my supplier credit video and they said Eric Should I try and secure supplier credit prior to bidding contracts? That is a two-fold answer one is If your intentions are or if your plan is to become a prime contractor Then absolutely, you know once you determine your market and let's say your market is IT services Well, if you decided that your route that you're going to take and federal opportunities is a prime contract Then yeah, you definitely need to get yourself some supplier credit Because we talked about and some of the previous videos three reasons why you need to supply a credit in terms of leveraging your business in terms of actually being able to ensure that the order meets standards and also providing some legitimacy Trust and to the people who you intend on working with in the future as clients All right, so definitely if you are pursuing Contracts as a prime that one of the first things I would be doing is trying to secure myself supplier credit on the flip side of that If you decided that you want to be a subcontractor or if you want to be a consultant then you as a consultant You're going to be leveraging the credit of the firms that you represent So in that case the answer is no you do not need supply credit because again remember as a consultant we are like the outside sales team for some organization that we plan on representing down the road to the government and Hopefully if you've carefully selected the organization that you want to work with and they're large enough in terms of size and Capacity then they already should have supplier credit vendors and past performance All right, so that takes care of question number one Second question after you're paid did you just build up that money in your business account to be able to finance your contracts or so? So this goes back to the first part as a prime contractor if you know you were to go out And actually start building up money and trying to finance projects well, that would take a really long time because The government's not going to make value to make a hundred percent profit So even if you start off with five thousand dollars of actual credit And you say this is big five thousand your first job the next time around five thousand dollars may not be enough to finance the second Or third project and even if you make twenty or thirty or even a hundred thousand that may not be sufficient to finance the next project So no that's not a strategy for growing your business is Using the money that you save to finance the next job However using the money that you save to get additional credit or to expand your credit is a great strategy Number three once the government has received and accepted the product. Do you have to invoice the government to get paid? Or is this automatic? Yes, if the government has received your product, they've received it and they've accepted it You still have to provide an invoice to the government in order for them to issue a Order to actually pay you so yes If the government receives the product tomorrow and they approve it You still need to send them some sort of invoice put something into the computer system to get the top clock ticking Towards your payment being processed. Okay, and then that's something that you definitely have to follow up with and the last question It says let's assume that your credit is 30 days with your supplier So that's from the time that you order or the deliveries may but the government does not pay you until they receive the goods This may put you past a 30-day window to remain in good standing with the supplier This is a very good question. And yes, they're correct. If you if your credit says 30 days, right? That's true. But normally most of the time what happens is this your supplier if they issue credit for say 30 days Typically the 30 days is from when you receive the item Well, I'm assuming that you're having the item dropship to the government's facilities So that 30-day clock starts from when the government receives that item The government then at that point has a certain amount of time in which they must and Inspect the items and I'm assuming that because you are a great contractor That you're going to actually be on site or be somewhere in the vicinity so that you can be doing the inspections alongside with the government It also helps because you can be urging them along to get this process done in an expedited manner So let's assume that you're there the materials come in place I find it very rare that the government is going to take more than a few days to actually do the inspection So you're going to be right along the time frame of 30 days because the actual company Can't invoice you well they can but they typically don't invoice you until you've received the items So now they ship they lend it on the government installation you sign for them And then your clock starts taking from there And as I mean by you being on site with the item once it's delivered Then you can have it checked in the next few days And then they can put you can go ahead and submit your invoice to receive your payment so it should work out in terms of the timing and I would suspect that as long as you know that the payment has been processed It's in a system that's typically sufficient for most suppliers and vendors to know that the money is coming down the pipeline Trust me. It's much more Helpful that you know again that you're paying them and they see that pattern Then most of suppliers will work with you and know that hey listen It's gonna be a few days after the 30-day window where you're gonna get paid because you're working with fellow government And they have processes to follow The important thing is when you get the money to actually pay them in full and not string them along and pay them apart of The money or anything short of 100% of the payment. That's more important than being two or three days late So I hope that I answered some questions for all of you guys out there by look at this video as always Thanks for watching. We'll see you next time You


I do respect what you are doing and I'll make this clear now It's got that much people you are trying to purge the space of fakers And you're doing that because you love the space and you believe in the space And you are going out on a limb to purge the entire space from fakers And whenever I'm asked about that I have to say look I respect the man for standing up what he believes in and trying to purge the space of people who are talking shit Because it's full of people doing that. So I do respect your mission. I respect what you're doing Respect what you're doing. Yeah, I respect kill them all roast them all Yeah, burn them all but but but I like to think that hopefully as time goes on Hopefully as more qualified people come to prominence. Yeah that The that the amount of money these guys make at least completely tanks and I think it's already kind of getting there like when I released my I Had money before products, right? I didn't need to sell products to make money. I right now my biggest income is not courses I'm not a guy who needs to sell courses to make money. I have other things going on However, when I released my PhD course, I made I sold a lot That's the pimping hose degree pimping hose degree PhD. Yeah, and that was and that was about me teaching how that wasn't even about picking up women That was about me teaching when I had my webcam business if anyone's watching this and doesn't know I'm about to surmise a very large Period of my life in about two minutes. I had The the first big money ever made my life I first became a multimillionaire by running a webcam studio So I had beautiful women sitting on computers talking to guys on webcams all around the world That's how I first made my money and at one point I had 75 women in four locations working for me Which was a stressful and the work the wrong way to do it I ended up removing my army and going up to the special forces of around 15 people 15 girls And me and my brother made a lot of money doing that But the PhD course the pimping hose degree was teaching me was teaching me teaching people how I managed females in those scenarios How I controlled their emotions how I convinced them to work and give me most of their money How I convinced them to share me with other women why they obeyed me?  It's actually far more to do with just dynamics of men and women as a whole But when I was more universal and fundamental much more universal but when I released that I did I did very very well with that So when people when I see some of these guys trying to like push their courses and stuff I know there's no way on God's green earth.   We need to just need to instigate We need to instigate a culture of receipts and we need to instigate a culture of honesty And what we need to do the biggest thing we need to do You


Some superstars may talk more on the microphone, but when it comes to trading blows, Lesnar may be unequaled. And with Bobby Lashley facing him, you know Lashley only has one thing in mind, keeping business open by wrecking shock. If Lashley is able to go about his preferred way of handling business, this match could become very gruesome. Driven down with an elevated flatliner. Crumble at the feet of the Almighty. He's feeling the effects of that last hit. He planned for this and could still round it. Place him in the end of the corner. Lesnar quick to counter. Lesnar's so, he's not out of it. Could be what Lashley needed to do. We know the dominance and destruction Bobby Lashley is capable of. We know why he's so difficult to prepare for the free. There has to be something an opponent can do against the Almighty. You can't allow Lashley to impose his will.  You've got to be fearless in your attack on Lashley and land direct hits. See is doing whatever he wants, but I doubt there's any panic seeping into Brock's mind. Lashley's power and consider your future fights. And I guarantee you that throwing in the towel is the furthest thing these superstars are thinking about to speak louder than words.


Hello everybody! In today's video, I'm going to tell you how to connect a smartphone to a TV. In our channel and blog, you will find solutions to any problem, from installing an operating system or configuring it to fixing possible bugs and errors or optimizing mobile gadgets. Our specialists will answer any questions you ask in your comments under the videos or articles. There are several ways of doing it, and some of them can turn your mobile device into a full-featured smart media player, while others only let you play files or certain formats. First of all, you should decide why you need it, and only then choose how to get the two devices connected. You may want to use a TV to view photos and videos from your phone camera, watch videos from the Internet or cast the smartphone screen to your TV. So in this video, we will analyze all possible ways to get a phone and a TV connected. So let's begin. With the easiest type of connection, by USB. This way, you'll be using the mobile device as a flash drive. However, there are chances you'll be able to play only the media files from the phone memory, such as photos, videos and music. In this case, all you need is a phone, a USB cable and a TV equipped with a USB port. Now just connect the phone and the TV with a cable. On your TV, select USB port as the input source. For quick selection, press Source button on the television's remote control unit. On the phone, you may need to tap a button to confirm connection as a media device. After that, the TV screen should display a list of files or folders that the TV can recognize. Naturally, it depends on the functionality of your television. Another way is connecting the TV and the phone by HDMI. You will need an HDMI cable compatible with your phone or a special adapter. This type of connection makes it possible to use the TV as an external display for gaming, movies or web surfing. That is, the phone screen will be mirrored to the larger screen of your TV. Depending on the communication port available on your phone, a special adapter or cable is required. It will have an HDMI connector on the one end and a micro-USB, USB type-C or Lightning connector on the other. Bear in mind that in the screen sharing mode, mobile devices discharge their batteries much faster, so adapters usually feature a special connector for the charger. To combine an adapter, make sure that your smartphone supports screen sharing with this specific type of adapter. Use the cable to connect the smartphone and the TV. If you use an adapter, plug it into the phone and connect the adapter to the TV with an HDMI cable. On the TV, select the HDMI port as the input source, and the TV will receive the image automatically. If it doesn't happen, change display settings on your phone. Now let's find out how to get the phone and the TV connected without drowning in a sea of cables. Another way to make the two devices work together is naturally Wi-Fi Direct. All you need is a TV that supports Wi-Fi Direct and a smartphone running at least Android 4. With Wi-Fi Direct, a mobile device and a TV are linked directly without a router. In this situation, the TV acts as a hotspot to which the smartphone is connected, so you can send media files to the big screen using the integrated menu. To get things up and running, open Network Settings on your TV and enable Wi-Fi Direct. On your smartphone, open Settings, Wi-Fi, Advanced, Wi-Fi Direct. The phone will start searching for available devices. When the search is complete, select your TV from the list. To cast photos, videos or music, use the standard sent in menu on your phone and select your TV as the output device. One way to connect the two devices is by DLNA, but it requires a Wi-Fi router and a TV with DLNA support, with the router being the actual connected device. The TV can be connected to your home network either by cable or Wi-Fi, and the phone will use Wi-Fi connection, which is natural. The DLNA streaming protocol lets you view media files from your mobile device on the TV screen. First of all, make sure that the television and the phone are connected to the same network. Open the Settings menu on your TV and enable DLNA. On your smartphone, navigate to Gallery and open the media file you need. Then tap on the menu, select Cast and choose your TV from the list. For more advanced settings and sharing content from other apps, I recommend using a media server app from Google Play. For example, one of the best products of this kind – bubble UPNP. If you own an iPhone and an Apple TV set-top box, this method is just what you need, because the most convenient way to connect an iPhone to a television is with the Apple TV device. And the proprietary AirPlay protocol will ensure wireless transmission of content to Apple TV. Combining the two, you can easily show presentations, view photos, watch videos and even play games. So how can you establish this connection? First of all, connect the iPhone and Apple TV to the same network. Then open Control Center on your phone and tap Screen Mirroring. Finally, select Apple TV from the list. That's all. Now you see the phone screen displayed on your television. One way you can try is connected by Miracast. It requires a TV supporting the Miracast technology or a special adapter for televisions that don't support it. It looks like this. Miracast is designed to enable screen mirroring from mobile devices to televisions, and it works similarly to AirPlay. In smart TVs, it works out of the box, and with a special adapter you can add this feature to any television as long as it has at least one HDMI port. If you have a smart TV, just open the network settings and turn this function on. On your smartphone, open Settings, Display and navigate to Wireless Display. Depending on a particular version of your mobile device, this switch can be located elsewhere. If your television doesn't have smart functions, you will have to buy a compatible adapter, preferably a versatile module supporting Miracast, Chromecast and AirPlay. Then plug the adapter into an HDMI port and open the TV menu to select the HDMI where the adapter is plugged in. Download the app by scanning the QR code on the screen and use it to establish the connection or use the Wireless Display function in your phone's settings. Finally, one more way to connect a phone and a television with the help of a special adapter is Chromecast. It's another wireless media streaming technology, this time from Google, and you need a proprietary dongle which can be plugged into any television as long as it has an HDMI port. When you do that, you'll be able to watch videos from your phone's gallery and various apps, as well as play games and give presentations by mirroring the phone screen to your television. Such adapter is available in two versions – a cheaper type with full HD support and a more extensive type capable of handling 4K stuff. Plug the adapter into an HDMI port on your TV and connect a USB cable for power. Switch to the adapter's HDMI port and connect it to a Wi-Fi network. On your phone, download the Google Home app for Android or iOS. Open the app, sign in with your Google account and configure it. Open the content in a compatible app, click on the corresponding icon and select a Chromecast device from the list. As you do that, the picture appears on the screen of your television. Summing up, it was the last way of connecting a smartphone to a television, and which one you choose depends on the devices you are using and on why you need this type of connection. If you only want to view photos and videos from your phone, even the USB connection would be fine. If you need more functions, then consider other methods. Connecting the two devices by USB is the oldest way, and you'll be able to work only with file formats, music, photos, videos that your television supports. Here is why there is always a risk that some movies or photos downloaded to your smartphone may not open correctly. The easiest and the least difficult way to connect the two devices is by using the HDMI port, which is available in every modern TV and in most older models. Even if your phone doesn't have an HDMI port, it's so much easier to buy an adapter. It's a small price to unlock all the functions, play all kinds of media files, connect other devices and go online. And that is all for now. I hope this video was useful. Hit the Like button and subscribe to our channel. Don't forget to check the bell icon to receive notifications about new videos. Leave comments to ask questions and share your opinion. Thank you for watching. And good luck.


Literally good to the last drop That's a hot mug guys. Hey guys, this is my review for Castlevania season 4 now This might be a little bit surprised to you But I was watching the show for the last little while and I actually finished the series pretty much right when the last season came out I've been holding off on this review for a little while mainly because that's just how I am sometimes I've never reviewed any of the Daredevil seasons that I love it And I've never reviewed any of the Castlevania series and I actually really like this I'm gonna sound a bit ridiculous here, but it's pretty much my favorite anime that I've ever seen now Let me explain. I'm not a big anime guy. It's just it's just not for me I appreciate the art style appreciate the effort and the storytelling that happens So it just it takes a bit of for me to get around to it. I'm really stubborn that way I've also never played any of the Castlevania games, but storytelling in this show is Phenomenal every time I thought that they couldn't get any better Especially after season 2 season 3 was way better than it had any right to be and season 4 being the final season of this show Was also far better than it had any right to be even though It's essentially kind of just a redo of the third season Which might explain why it ended on the fourth season from what I've gathered in terms of the Castlevania lore It's literally just a repeat of them trying to bring back Dracula now admittedly my first experience of Castlevania is I actually watched the first two seasons at the same time if I had watched just the first season I might have not been into it as much because it was just six episodes and aside from the first episode being the origin of Dracula's want to destroy the world the other five episodes were just Yeah for us the second one just showed this massive scope and then it had that ending which was insane in the third season Is a continuation which again, I didn't have any thoughts of it being any better and then season 4 Does pull a lot of surprises Warren Ellis writes a really good story and he is able to make really compelling choices for the characters Particularly being Isaac. I thought Isaac is one of the most unique and interesting characters in this entire series his development his Reconciliation with Hector is just so good and also his battle with Camilla was insane sure there are some Scenes where the limitations of the animation is Clear as day, but I feel that maybe they had choices of whether to go big and go home for certain scenes where as try to mitigate and try to hide or Sort of go for the animation rather than the detail There are some sacrifices made here and there for the most part a lot of the elements in this final season in terms of Animation and fluidity and intensity and especially in the fight scenes and even at the end when Belmont has his final battle I thought that was insane I thought that was really well done even if it kind of came out of left field and that leads me to a Kind of criticism of this season is while there are some good points in this season Even if it is a retread of the third season there are a few characters particularly one Who just kind of appears out of left field? He literally appears in the second last episode I kind of wish he had been around a little bit more considering his compatriot has this fantastic fucking monologue about being a vampire and just being a Weapon of death just this inclusion of this character at the end of the season was just a Little bit quick pretty cool still, but just a little bit quick You can hear them just spouting Exposition as to explain his relevancy to the story at the end Otherwise though, I really like how every character has a definitive end not just Belmont and Cypher But also Alucard some of Camilla's sisters Hector Isaac There are a lot of characters who get pretty definitive conclusions to their stories, which I didn't think would happen I feel that Castlevania season 4 is a really Solid season to end on if you've never seen the series just watch the first episode watch the first episode and if you are not interested Fine if you can get interested or hooked in that first episode You're not gonna get hooked for the rest of it, but I would be very surprised if you didn't because it's Some phenomenal story writing in the end. I'm gonna give Castlevania season 4 a 5 out of 7 I might Talk about the other seasons on another date. It would be kind of weird to go back But really if you haven't seen it, I would really suggest you do it's very fun It's very enjoyable the animation is really well done the voice acting is phenomenal and the storytelling is superb Absolutely superb some of the best Writing I've seen for something of this caliber, especially also a video game adaptation I'm pretty sure that people say it's pretty much the best video game adaptation in any sort of media being television or film Anyways guys, that's all from me if you enjoyed the review leave a like and if you're interested in more subscribe Otherwise see you guys next time Thanks for watching the video My name is Nits and you might remember me from the animated cult classic TV show undergrads It's been a while, but I'm happy to say the click is finally getting back together in an all-new movie Thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign But we are still asking for your support to see any and all updates about the upcoming undergrads movie Be sure to check out and like the bring back undergrads Facebook page and with any luck. We'll see you guys soon