Today we're gonna be showing you guys some really cool and easy summer hacks to make your summer better It's been a while since we've done a life hack video And if you guys are excited for this life hack video then go ahead and get this video like let's try to get this video to 100,000 likes so one of the main things about summer is that it does get really really hot and Sometimes maybe your air conditioning isn't working or maybe you're going outside And it's really really hot and with this life hack that we're about to show you guys It will be a really effective way to stay cool throughout the heat So for this hack are you gonna need is a t-shirt and what you want to do with a t-shirt is you want to go ahead and soak it in some water Here we go Soak it really really soak it After you soak the shirt in the water, you're gonna want to put the shirt inside a freezer and just let it soak for a little bit So we're gonna check up on our shirt now. It's been about one hour and yeah, let's take a look. Oh My gosh, wait, it's like frozen. There's like ice on it. What wait? Oh my gosh Oh There we go, okay, so some of you guys probably already have a very good idea on what we're gonna do with the shirt And obviously if you're very very hot, this is a good way to cool down. So let's try it on Alan What do I want to do it? I don't want to take off my shirt. Oh, I don't know. Oh my way. It's not coming off. Oh, oh Listen to it Let go cool this down. Oh, this is freezing. Wait, why do I have to put this on? I don't want to put it on Alan Okay, well rock paper scissors. No, I'd rather do what are the odds? What are the odds one and one and ten one two three four That means you have to put it on no that means you have to No, but you know what it's kind of hot outside. So why not put it on so say you just got done working out You're going on a run and it's really hot This right here is going to be the best way for you to cool down. Oh my gosh. Whoa. It's burning hot Oh, I'm sure it Alan. Give me something to wear. I need to cool down Okay, here we go it's going on Oh my gosh, you guys have no idea How good that feels after a workout guys. It's super hot and your air conditioning isn't working This is definitely something I would wear it now that we have this wait Anymore We just put all of our shirts in a free thing just like that we have unlimited supplies though Maybe save a little bit on electricity because this is this feels extra good. So overall guys I would definitely recommend this very easy and cool have to try out and yeah Let's move on to the next half Have you ever been at the beach and have all your valuable items with you?  So now I can put my phone in here There we go go and you can put your keys in there afterwards and your credit card or some cash Wow, I could even fit a lot more in here Honestly, you can just leave this behind because who's gonna want to look through baby wipes like no one's gonna look at baby What's we like? Oh, I'm gonna need to steal that if you want to feel even safer You can get another bag of cleansing wipes and just leave it right next to it and we're good So overall would say this is a very easy life hack to do and honestly This could also work with a sunscreen bottle as well as it depends whatever you have on you at the time But yeah, this is very easy and very safe and if you're going to the beach You should definitely try this life so a big part of your summertime is putting on sunscreen and sometimes the plan Sunscreen to your back can be difficult and even when you have a friend sometimes your friend doesn't want to get their hands dirty And that leaves you with this option right here. All you need is a pool noodle sunscreen and let's just show you guys how it's done That was quick. Oh my god. All right, so oh see I can't even reach my back Look at that. Wait, Alex. Do you help me put sunscreen on my back, bro?  Alan. I'm not doing that. Well, I have a pool noodle right there You know what just changes everything Alan. Give me the sunscreen. I got you So this is a proper way to put on sunscreen guys So squeeze the sunscreen inside of this tube right here the pool noodle. There we go now next step So here's the next step. Here's a few ways you can apply. Okay, so there's two ways to do this guys You can either do it like this right here blow on it Like that or you can just shake it out like this Oh, oh, that's cold and now he probably has a sunscreen on his back. Okay, you know what? I'll help you rub it. I actually feel like that was the dumbest Summer life back right here long story short if your friends aren't willing to put sunscreen on your back Then you need some new friends. So this next life hack right here We're actually gonna show you guys how you can make your own shower So most of the time to public showers don't work So all you need is a plastic bag of your choice fill it up with some water Poke some holes inside of it You can either get your friend to hold on to it or if you can like paint it somewhere either way works and Afterwards you can bring your shampoo and conditioner and you can just have your own little homemade shower So I actually want to see if this works or not. Let's do it So for this one are you're gonna need as a plastic bag with some water filled inside of it And this is really good because we don't have any shower heads outside and let's just say I needed to wash my hair Well, let's try it out. So I'm gonna go ahead and take off my shirt Let's not show my stomach. I'm out of shape since we don't have anywhere to hang it Which obviously you can do by just I'm just gonna have him hold it just for an example sake hold it up and Poke some holes underneath it with a fork or anything that you want. Oh My gosh, there we go And look at this guy.  Yeah, and we're also watering the plant So just look at this win-win, you know if I have some shampoo and conditioner I could be Really wetting my hair right now and just really getting a good wash in there cuz you know, honestly the same water This is super handy and Yeah, like look at this guy. We're saving water and look at that That's not even half the back. So if I really wanted to he could even wash his hair I could wash my hair too. So right here. We're gonna show you guys another cool life hack So this is a really good hack when you're at the beat looks like you need a zip lock bag and you put your phone inside the zip lock bag and Basically, it's a really good hack if you want to avoid getting sand into your phone And it seems like it works perfectly you can still tap the screen and whatnot. So let's try it out So we have a zip lock bag right here, and we're gonna see if this works or not Okay, oh it fits perfectly. Oh my gosh. Oh look at that and okay guys moment of truth. We're gonna see if it works or not Unlock it works. Oh my gosh guys. It works. You can scroll you can get on Instagram Without having fear of getting sand into your phone. This is honestly, it's so cool I honestly didn't think something this simple could be so like effective. That's like a really cool hack Wow, we're actually going to the beach tomorrow, and I'm so serious We're actually gonna try this at the beach. Oh and for everyone who's curious who my lock screen is This is actually my girlfriend. She doesn't know that I exist, but I don't even know if she exists So we have the next life hack right here, and let's just go ahead and show you guys what it is I mean I sometimes get annoyed from holding my phone, and I've always wanted a stand So all you need is a pair of sunglasses and obviously very if you get tired of holding your phone Then you have a pair of sunglasses. It's a pretty handy foam stand. So yeah, let's try it out So we have our sunglasses right here, and this is how it's gonna work So we're gonna flip it like this and now let us set our phone right here. Wow look at that Now you can rotate it watch videos whichever direction you want and this is just a super easy homemade foam stand I feel like that consider a summer life hack because people wear sunglasses during the summertime So you're always gonna have a pair of sunglasses on you. It's actually so cool. Oh my gosh like look at that This is so cool. I can just eat food and just watch videos. So obviously there's a lot of different types of floaties out there There's the pink swan floatie. There is the pizza floatie right now We're gonna show you guys the coolest floatie that you can make and it's actually made with junk food All you need are some really large bags of chips and some really strong take Okay, so we just made our own personal floatie right here a large inflatable made from junk food We're gonna try to see if it floats in a pool or not. Let's try it out. It works. Wait, does that actually float? It actually works No, like I'm serious. It actually works It floats wait rotate around rotate it around wait rotate around As you guys can see he actually can't float that's I never thought this was possible This is like my dream, you know like laying in a pool in a summertime eating snacks Like you have unlimited snap to choose from so this is this is definitely my dream So right here is the last hack that we're gonna show you guys So they have YouTube open up and they like the video and subscribe to the person. Oh wait, is that us? Oh, that's our channel. Oh, so it looks like they like to subscribe to our channel and looks like that was the best hack of them Oh, why was this last? We saved the best hack for last But honestly if you guys enjoyed the video, please let us know by subscribing and liking the video And honestly if you guys want to see more life hacks, let us know in the comments Yeah, but that being said, thank you guys so much for watching and we'll see you guys next time


We are here in line for Lightning Rod. There's only 10 minute wait right now and that's nice. The park just opened a few minutes ago and it's running without the front car, the zero car and so I can't wait to try that out. We just rode it in the front without the little zero car on it and it's even better that way. With the smaller front it was really good but now it's amazing.  The airtime with the full train is great today. For comparison it's running about as good as it did back in 2016. The airtime is, I'd say the strongest airtime on any coaster I've been on, strong in the storm chase, yes. It was very intense, very good, very free, very open. The launch was really forceful today, really good. The trim was off today so that's really cool. They added a trim to it when they reopened it and it was off today which is great. You can see Dragonflyer and Mad Mockingbird back there and then the restaurant Tillon Harvest is on a drop line in the Polar Bears, the drop line thing. We just got off drop line and that was very fun. We had a great view of Wilder Grove and we were angled directly at it and there's a lot of, it looks like half of it's complete, the rides at least, it's really cool. So we just got off Mystery Mine and it's fun, very fun as always. Great hairstyle, my favorite hairstyle. Great theming, great music, the music is just so fun I like how I'm along to it. It's fun and of course the Beyond Vertical drop that twists 45 degrees is super fun and the last two versions, those are great. Also just the rest of it's fun anyways too so. They're rather meticulously tuned. The Trouble Island is doing another just like the Outland military highway was for leaving. It makes you look like you're trying to find out if you're going to go to Wilder too. We at Alleywood are proud of all the veterans from every branch of the military. Tennessee, the President of all of you, which I think you have to mention the hard work. The amazing flying elephants, dizzy disc and scrambler. So yeah now we're going back to Lightningrod in Timber Canyon and with some hot chocolate and we are headed towards the Christmas Tree Light Show. We are here in the new park and we are waiting for the Christmas Tree Light Show. I've already seen it a few weeks ago and it's the best lights during the Alleywood Christmas win. We're off of Thunderhead at night and that was one of the best times I've ever been on it and it's so awesome. Half of it, the dark part is I'm kind of like voyage at night for comparison so it's really cool. My third favorite night ride behind Lightningrod in voyage. We just finished Tennessee Tornado at night and it's lit up all red and it was probably my best experience on Tennessee Tornado ever. Plus we did Drop Line at night and Wild Eagle at night which Wild Eagle was probably the best I've ever ridden to so it's really cool. And here we are at the Northern Lights. We just got off of Barnstormer, got our cinnamon bread and we have 15 minutes till the park closes and it's like abandoned now because everybody left after the parade. We're trying to get on Lightningrod before the park closes, hopefully it won't close.


This video is sponsored by Brilliant.org. Hey, Nico here. I'm an astrophotographer who's been active in giving advice online about astrophotography for a number of years now, so I thought it might be fun to break down some of the things that I hear often about astrophotography that I think are either just not true or at least misguided. But with each myth, I'm going to try to explain where I think these ideas come from before debunking them. Okay, myth number one. You have to be rich. So I understand completely where this myth comes from because a lot of the equipment you can go buy for astrophotography is expensive. You know, I talk about mounts and cameras and telescopes that can quickly add up to thousands of dollars right here on this channel. But I also pride myself on talking about ways to get started that are low cost, like if you or someone you know has a DSLR or even a smartphone, you can get started with several astrophotography projects with those, many of which I've shown how to do right here on YouTube for completely free. Another way to get started in astronomy and astrophotography that I think is overlooked a lot, but it's great is and it's low cost is to join an astronomy club. Every club that I've joined here in the US has been around $30 a year. So that's like what, two months of Netflix for a whole year of astronomy. And these clubs almost always have a lending library of telescopes and gear that you can get trained on. Many also have observatories with, you know, great big telescopes that you can use. So go Google your city name plus the phrase astronomy club and get involved with your local club, because you definitely don't have to be rich to get started that way. Okay, myth number two, there's nothing new to find out there. And this one usually goes with along with someone saying something like, Oh, astrophotography is boring, you're all just shooting the same thing, or NASA's done it better, and things like that. This one though is interesting to me, because I have found it's not well known outside of the astrophotography community that amateurs are discovering stuff all the time. To name just one team, Marcel Dreschler and Xavier Strottner have discovered over 100 planetary nebulae in just the past few years. And then along with Jan Santy, they recently discovered that huge O3 arc near the Andromeda galaxy. Well, to name someone else, Bray Falls here on YouTube recently discovered a cool nebula that he named the kyber crystal nebula. So the gear, the software, the knowledge now, it's so good that I think we're just getting started with a huge explosion of amateur discoveries. I mean, there's already been tons since the digital era, but like, I think we're going to see even more every year. Now I want to be clear that I'm not saying you have to discover something to make astrophotography worth your time. Of course, that's not my opinion astrophotography is a rewarding hobby to many without trying to get famous or pursue, you know, science. What I think is so interesting about it is that it sits at this very unique intersection of being both a very technical hobby and a very creative one. And for certain people out there, myself included, there's just nothing better than that. Okay, myth number three, don't buy a doublet. I covered this one in my last video where I showed a or two videos ago, maybe, where I showed a doublet with ED glass and a field flatener can hold up very well against a triplet or even an astrograph. But this myth is actually a whole category of well meaning advice online that can be unhelpful because I think often the advice giver assumes that the person that they're talking to online is exactly like them when really they might have completely different goals and completely different ideas for what looks good or acceptable in a photograph. So the average astrophotographer in my opinion probably doesn't care so much about the spot sizes on the stars if they're just slightly better or worse with this scope versus one that costs five times as much. But I totally get that people can get very passionate about these kinds of details. My issue with it is I think people really start believing that they can just go buy a super expensive telescope and that's going to instantly make their pictures better. When the truth is your sky conditions and your skill in processing are way up here and the difference between an $800 telescope and a $5,000 telescope are way down here in terms of how much these things really matter to the final result. Okay, myth number four, light pollution filters don't work. Again, I can see where this one came from where it started. Light pollution filters work well when dealing with emission nebulae. How? The exact same way that narrowband filters or dual band filters work well with emission nebulae. They pass the light from the nebula and they block the light from terrestrial sources of light and this helps improve contrast. Will a light pollution filter be as effective as a narrowband filter or a dual band filter? No. Does that mean they don't work? Of course not. So to me, this should not be controversial. Where it does get confusing is people start making claims about light pollution filters working well with broadband targets like star clusters, reflection nebulae, and galaxies. And the reason that I've never covered that on my channel is in all my testing, light pollution filters on broadband targets is a total mixed bag. And personally, I think they're more of a hindrance than a help. So I do think it is not helpful that many filter manufacturers are suggesting light pollution filters can work wonders with galaxies and reflection nebulae because they're really good on emission nebulae, really so-so on anything else. So that's to sum up my position. Light pollution filters do work even with stock cameras if your goal is to capture emission nebulae, just not as effectively as the more expensive narrowband and dual band filters. But there are tradeoffs with those filters too, the main one being that they're a lot more expensive than a light pollution filter. Okay, myth number five. Everyone should aim for one arc second per pixel. Okay, first off, I know this is a little bit nerdy and so if you've never dived into the concept of sampling and how it relates to astrophotography, I apologize ahead of time that this is probably going to get confusing. I still do want to do an explainer video on this, but it just hasn't worked out yet. So first off, I have no issue with one arc second per pixel being this somewhat arbitrary but agreed upon point where we move from undersampled to oversampled because it's just a rule of thumb and an easy one to remember. Even if we all really know that it's a lot more complicated than that because you have blur from your local seeing conditions, you have the Dawes limit, you have all these things that are probably going to limit you before you can take advantage of really high resolution. What I don't like though about one arc second per pixel becoming so famous as a piece of advice for matching telescopes and cameras is that it's become this kind of dogma among advice givers, like it's the most important thing. When many of us would gladly trade a wider field of view for a slightly worse resolution on small details, but that's rarely how it's presented. I see people saying just if you want your images to look good you have to get one arc second per pixel and that's where I think all the confusion lies. I think we're mixing up subjective and objective measures because for me the goal of my astrophotography is not the crispiest details, but for many it is, so for them sampling is going to be a lot more important than it is for me. But like with a lot of my myths here the big takeaway is if you're an experienced astrophotographer who gives advice, try to meet beginners where they are. Ask them what their actual goals are in astrophotography. Figure out sort of what their budget is before giving them just these random bits of info that might not really apply to their specific situation. Okay hopefully that wasn't too soapboxy. I do like thinking about these things and getting some of these things off my chest once in a while and just exercising my mind in general and that brings me to the sponsor for this video Brilliant. Brilliant.org is the best way to learn science and math interactively in just a few minutes each day. There are thousands of lessons on everything from physics to calculus and there are new ones added every month. The course that I've been working on lately is called Knowledge and Uncertainty and it's my favorite kind of course because it teaches you deep things about how to think but it does so with these logic puzzles that are so much fun. So to try everything Brilliant has to offer completely free for a full 30 days visit Brilliant.org slash Nebula Photos or click on the link in the description. The first 200 will get 20% off Brilliant's annual premium subscription after the free trial.


Good morning. It's like coming out in a rock concert. I know it So I'm so thrilled to be here today with Jay I first met Jay seven years ago shortly after he started Confluent and Went to it went to go see him at his office with a colleague that was at the time This small room in the back of a dentist's office in Mountain View with a bunch of folding tables and folding chairs and everybody working on code and and building the beginnings of Confluent and Started very similar to how many of you are starting your journeys and just seven years later Confluent is a global business with thousands of customers around the world offices all over the world a very nice office just a few blocks away from that dentist office and The only thing that Jay has had to pay for it is he has a lot less hair than he used to have seven years ago But on a more serious note Jay has built an open-source technology that has changed the world and built one of the most Successful enterprise technology companies in the last ten years So thank you for letting us at Sequoia have the opportunity to be your partner and thank you for having the chance to work with me one of the things that is is Not what well known is this was my first board seat and the first company that took a chance on me to let me join Their board and so thank you for giving me that chance to be your business partner and to work with you Which has meant so much to me in my career. So thank you. Thank you Matt. It's been an awesome journey So let's start by Taking taking everybody back to the beginning, you know as the host mentioned the foundation and the early ideas for Confluent came from an Open-source project you created while at LinkedIn You know, what was the problem that you were trying to solve then that started all of this? Yeah, I was working as Data engineer and you know, this is kind of the early days of social networking and big kind of ads You know at scale web systems And so a lot of the work was kind of from scratch and it was building technology to manage data in different ways And one of the things we realized was most of what we had was technology to store data It was like a place where data could go to sit, you know, and you could look up It's a bit at the right time But ultimately, you know a big system like LinkedIn was all about how data flowed between and how we would trigger the Right actions and do the right things at the right time. It was kind of a very dynamic, you know, living thing And there wasn't really good infrastructure for that. And so, you know, it's I guess whenever you approach a new problem You kind of assume somebody has solved it and at first you're just looking through what's there and expecting that you're just Using it wrong or you don't understand And then eventually realize no like this this hasn't really been solved in a good way and in the way that would be possible now And, you know, that was the origin of the open-source technology You know what was really solving that problem? How do we get all the right data to all the right applications? How do we act on it in real time instead of, you know, putting it in some Hadoop cluster and running some batch process at the end of the day that that was kind of what motivated us to do this and and you release this open-source technology and Pretty soon this was the backbone of some of the most successful companies like Netflix and Spotify and uber that were being created. What was it that gave you the the the push to Quit your job and go start confluent the company after seeing the success of the open-source out in the world Yeah, well it it wasn't quite like that overnight like the the initial open-source We thought was gonna be a big deal and we've done other open-source projects, which were popular But it was initially released to resounding silence Nobody really understood what we were trying to do Yeah, and yet we thought it could be like a really big deal and so, you know The first few years was really just trying to get people to understand the ideas around streaming and try and get that out There and we felt like hey There's there should be this huge opportunity for it and it took us a while to really figure out how to explain it and then as that happened yeah, it started to get adoption in tech and You know nonetheless, we felt like hey if we're if we're really going to take this all the way like there's no way We're going to be able to do that, you know working from the basement of a social network You know there needs to be some product around it that'll make it easy to consume and you know Some company that can really kind of invest in it and drive it and you know that that was the origin of confluent You know it was a little questionable at the time in some ways Like there wasn't a lot of enthusiasm for open-source companies at the time There was a lot less enthusiasm for kind of the data infrastructure layer as as a place to build a company But we felt like hey there there is a lot of value here And there's something that could be you know very powerful for companies And that that was what motivated us to kind of take the take the plunge as it was and You know it actually really was a you know really helped I think just being fully focused on this and being out there in a way to meet with customers Made us move so much faster in in anything you know that we could have done just working in open source amazing and You went through this transition where you were an engineer for your most of your career to being a CEO and founder What was that transition like and what was what was the things you needed to learn and navigate as you went from?  Hey, you're your peer set kind of includes like Steve Jobs I went from being you know at least I thought a very good engineer where I had kind of built skills in each area I could you know write good code and I could talk about it and I could design systems and You know, I went from that to being you know effectively the you know a very Inexperienced CEO of a three-person company and it was very hard right because you're suddenly pitching an idea that it's hard to explain Yeah, you know a lot of what you're doing is now really more of sales, you know You're selling the company. You're selling the vision. You're you know trying to hire employees You're trying to bring in customers and you don't have much to go off of your in you know a small dentist office Your revenue is zero Your product is as yet unreleased It turns out that your many friends who you assumed would immediately join are a little skeptical of the new company And so so yeah, it was actually quite quite difficult and you know really a different skill set to learn And you know, I had I'd almost forgotten what that was like to be so bad at something But the good news is I do think if you're gonna take on a CEO role I do think starting the company is the easiest way because logistically a three-person company is not that complicated And so then you just kind of have to at least grow with the job as as the business and the company, you know Itself grows and that's like a little bit more each day. Yeah, and and that makes it I think you know at least Approachable yeah, which by the way everybody from a Sequoia perspective is amazing if you think about it as a human to go from Writing software to running an organization with thousands of people and thousands of customers The the growth that you've had as a founder has been incredible as and something that very few people can do and some Something we look for in the founders. We back is this mentality this outlier mentality people that see the world a little differently people that have a have a chip on their shoulder to go do something different and and will fight relentlessly to solve that problem and grow with these challenges of Transforming yourself to be able to lead a large organization and go after these problems as you have done Having been through the founder journey, what are the key attributes that you think make for a very strong founder? Yeah, I mean it's a cliche, but I do think it's the dogged persistence I was just kind of not giving up on things you know when they're difficult and you know kind of continuing on and You know, I think that's probably more important than being you know Smart or having particularly deep insights all of that stuff helps but I do think the main thing is just you know kind of keep rowing and You know see if you can get there and I think that becomes important, you know increasingly important in any kind of more difficult time where You know, which I think every company has some of those. Yeah, and you know without that I think it's just hard to stick with it. Yeah. No, I mean great really is what it's all about and In these many outliers also have like early beginning outlier stories and you yourself have some of those I'm going all the way back to when you were in high school Like there were things about you that stood out like dropped out of high school as I understand like tell us a little bit About your youth and like the journey like that. I am what created Jay. Well, okay I was a very idealistic Teenager and I felt that it was just very inefficient in school That you didn't learn much each day and I thought okay I could I could just teach myself everything I need to learn in school and then I would have all the extra time to do something else, right and You know, so I left after one year of high school and actually with a whole group of friends We basically were like, okay, we're just gonna teach ourselves turns out. That's not the best idea in the world It's actually much harder to teach yourself everything you would learn in in high school yourself some subjects English a little easier Chemistry a little bit harder to just do out of a book But but it was at least an original path and you definitely see other things in life if you if you have the extra time So so it was a different experience. Yeah, well, thank you for coming here all the way to Europe to be with us and today How important has Europe been to Kafka and to Confluent and what are some of the early successes that you had here? Yeah, it's incredibly important. So so actually some of our earliest employees We're here even before we had a sales team. We had, you know, some folks on the engineering team I've been really impressed with the startup scene here You know, I've I spent this week visiting our customers and there's just incredible things happening and the energy is You know, I think in many ways At the same level as Silicon Valley, but the feel of it is actually more fun and I don't I you know, I couldn't say why that is but you know, I think it's a really cool thing to see and really creative new companies coming around and you know, that was one of the reasons I wanted to come out here. We have a Confluent for startups program that we Know straight that's right that we just announced and you know, it's it's really targeted at these early companies If they're getting started in the data streaming world This is a way for them to kind of get going on the cheap Which is what you need when you're a startup and you know our motivation from that was we were just seeing this kind of global rise of these small tech companies and you know, especially right now, there's a lot of pressure on Efficiency, there's you know, a little bit less money in the system than there used to be and so looking for a way to do things Faster and cheaper and easier is definitely on everybody's minds And you know, we felt it was a good time to kind of focus on those early companies Yeah, that's what Carlos our sales leader for Europe is jumping out of his chair. Yeah, yeah Carlos that I think a little move here to get you started out Confluent for startups program. That's right and You know, we talk we talk we talk a lot of sequoia about crucible moments Yeah, and these moments in our journey when There's a really difficult decision to be made when sacrifices need to be made and they can be really arc bending for the whole company and as I look back on the journey of Confluent one of those crucible moments was the decision to shift to the cloud Yeah, and it was a hard left shift that yet. Yeah took the company on to go to the cloud Ed and for everybody's benefit the business was just crushing it with this on-prem self-managed offering and Jay took the whole company and a massive transformation to make cloud first. Tell us a little bit about that How you made that decision how you worked through that leading the company through this big change different constituents like sales and engineering moving different directions trying to get everybody going to Transform the company. Yeah, it was you know the the First piece of advice they give you in a startup is don't try and do a second product in an early company And that turns out to be very good advice Unless you really have to and so for us we knew early on we would have to you know Operate in all the environments our customers had that's just the way our technology works. It has to be there with your applications And so we kind of debated if we wanted to do a software offering or a cloud offering And there were pros and cons to both But we started with a software offering and we quickly realized we were going to need to have a managed service And we'd come out of the business of kind of running these big data systems at scale So we knew that was where You know that was going to be the best way of delivering this but it was really a pretty Significant undertaking and so we started building our cloud offering and early on you know It just was not good enough and we really were a kind of a fork in the road with do you pull back from that and just focus on the thing that's working or do you just kind of Push on through and try and you know make it work And you know is a very difficult one because we understood we were going to have a whole new set of competitors You know in the public cloud including you know the cloud providers themselves that have services So it was going to be a very difficult undertaking and it was kind of a bet the company You know initiative to focus everyone on it But I think that kind of thing ends up being very good for companies You know I think the best companies actually have some kind of difficult trials you have to go through and This was definitely that for us where it was you know first on the engineering side You know really bringing a global cloud service up to scale and you know the kind of operational Capabilities then on the go-to-market side really rebuilding around kind of a more sass go-to-market You know each of these was these big transformations in a company that was you know quite young and immature in its own way And a lot of pain to get that working well But but I think ultimately was very important for where we wanted to be and you know I do think once you've done a few of these You know very hard marches through a difficult problem You're well set up with whatever comes next You know as you march into the next hard challenge at least then the team feels like they can do difficult things together And get through it and that gives I think a little more resilience to the people in the company Then if it's just kind of purely up into the right and easy sledding the whole way yeah, and and The move turned out to be genius even though it was really hard to go through it totally changed the company opened the Envelope of customers that you could work with yeah Yeah, it's always great when the crucial moment when you come through it, and you've chosen the right path Which is that's right Yeah, yeah, it was it was some years of very hard work But that ended up being you know really the the bulk of the new business coming in and of course in many ways The the future of the company and for our customers where their new applications are going exactly We're we're in a time now where lots of companies are going through crucible moments There's layoffs happening people are cutting spending. We have a very different macro condition Interest rates are rising. We have a war going on What are some of the steps that you're taking right now to help adapt to this environment a confluent? Yeah Yeah, I think the most important thing is just to realize the magnitude of the shift in the environment and what it means The tendency I think is to always go off You know norms that were set in the past and when there's some kind of very significant adjustment You need to really look forward and think okay. What is the talent market gonna look like? What is going to be expected of me in the future with a set of expectations? It actually doesn't look like the past and so that that was an interesting thing for us We went through this you know as a public company, which you know is much I think much more painful than as a private company because of course You know the whole market is shifting around you and your employees are watching the stock price day to day And so you know it's it's definitely a tricky one But I think this is kind of coming you know through the private markets as well And so it's a sizable adjustment towards efficiency and profitability I think you know virtually every stage and I think it is gonna change how we build companies You know we put effort into this internally, you know We had always had you know kind of a pretty disciplined framework for growth and profitability But even on that path we we you know really looked hard at all the areas where we were investing and just tried to get Very real about you know could this be done? You know better faster cheaper is there a way to be more efficient in this area? I think that was a very healthy thing for us It wasn't like we hadn't done that before but that that extra level of inspection Really helped us and I do think it gets you You know license to be clear about what the priorities actually are and what really matters and what has to happen And where you have to invest and what can wait, you know What are the things we can take on next year, which is probably something we should all be doing anyway? In in running a company but the the environment really gives that extra push to do that well And I think it's an incredibly important thing Yeah, Doug Doug was here on stage yesterday, and he was talking about how you know The playbook of the last ten years is not going to work for the next decade Yeah, and moments like this are actually very positive because they force us to think more Scrap to be scrappier and are thinking to think lean to think efficiently And the result is we build better companies and result result And so it's actually never been a better time in that sense in that the guide rails of this market environment Will force you to build something that will be more enduring over the long long term And so it's exciting to see us doing those things at Confluent. Yeah, I totally agree One of the things that we both love one of our shared passions is poker Yeah, and you you know just talking about leadership You've often given lots of analogies around leadership to poker and one of the quotes that you've you've shared is The goal for a poker player is to make good moves Sometimes when you play well you still actually lose the game because you just got bad cards. Yeah Tell us more. Yeah. Yeah, this was something You know that struck me especially early in my journey I was you know coming out of a world of being an engineer where in many ways You know, it's a little bit more like chess like there's a right answer to most of the problems If you think hard enough you can come up with the best solution a little more research and analysis is usually the right answer And then in running a company most things are not like that You have these big messy kind of often impossible seeming problems where it seems unlikely that you'll succeed but you need to kind of pick the best path and You know, it's actually kind of daunting to go after something like that and one of the things I felt was you know, what I need to do is concentrate on You know playing the game well and that doesn't actually Necessarily mean that the outcome will be good, but that's the part I control and that means, you know The things I am doing day-to-day if I do that well and if I feel like I have a good trajectory Then that's you know, that is the best I can do and if that You know, the hope is of course that will turn out spectacularly. Well, it might not But it's so easy to be worried about this larger thing that you're responsible for that You actually stop playing the game well and making good moves You're too tied up in you know the final outcome and I actually found that was very liberating for me And that made me just focus on okay, you know the parts of my job. How do I do this better? How do I do it more effectively the things we're doing day-to-day? How do we accelerate those you know and you know making sure that does line up to some good outcome But knowing that in the end I can't really control much of that bigger outcome. I can't control what my competitors do I can't control what the larger market reaction will be to my product You know, I can control just the things that we do and only so much of even that right and so that was interesting for me to Be able to think about and kind of shift Into a mentality where that was my focus and I thought it was ultimately helped me be just a lot happier in doing my job Yeah, because you can let go of some of the things that are outside of your control You may hope for the best, but of course, you know that there are things that you can't control day-to-day Yeah, I mean it helps a lot when you're both look lucky and good Yeah, but really at the end of the day all you control is being good. That's right And my focus is being and hopefully the luck comes around eventually Exactly then the luck will finally hit you one way one of my friends says is quote unlucky in Vegas lucky in life Right, and so if you're unlucky eventually the luck will come your way and get in the right moment in time in your life Yeah, so this this conference is filled with literally thousands of people who are looking at or trying to or part of Building a company to change the world many or have started companies that with an ambition to change the world in some way Or many are considering doing so You know as a parting words, what would be your advice? To the founder looking to start their business today on on what they should what they should do in building their company Yeah, yeah, I would say go for it. I mean the I it's a daunting time in the world I think that's always true in some respects, you know I I think at least for me My feeling was it was it was kind of an incredible journey and so into the entrepreneurial journey I felt like hey even if this all fails I Felt like I would have grown from having done it, you know, I got to do a whole set of things I wouldn't have experienced else otherwise and so, you know, I I think kind of enjoying that that journey for what it is You know makes it more fun along the way It kind of makes some of the trials and tribulations more enjoyable and so yeah, you know my my advice is You know kind of aim big and go for the thing that you would really want to be the outcome And you know, I guess the the cards kind of fall where they do but But that's what makes it exciting Awesome Thank you Jay. Thank you Matt Thanks all


Hey everybody, Christian Buckley doing another post-tweet jam interview. I'm talking to you with Eric. Hello. Hey, thank you for having me. Eric, why don't you introduce yourself before we get started here. Excellent. Happy to. Hi, everybody. My name is Eric Overfield. I am Chief Product Officer of Pixel Mill in Creos Park. Also, I'm Microsoft NDP in the, what's it called now though? Microsoft 365 apps and services? Apps and services, yes. I always get that wrong, yeah, because it used to be O35, and so ran off the tongue. I'm also a Microsoft regional director, and love doing what I can to share what I know to help anyone who's, will listen to me, hopefully achieve more success with their N65 Azure Microsoft-based deployments. Cool stuff, and I know that and Eric, you're also a long-time participant in a lot of the tweet jams, and this is a topic where we've had many a discussion around this, specifically on this topic, and this goes back to where we started talking about something similar to this was when I did as collab talk, I did that independent research looking into on-premises installs, and that was five years ago now? Yeah, yeah. A lifetime. Why do companies, why do some companies struggle with moving to the Cloud was the topic? So, let's jump right in, and your thoughts on each of these. So, what are the most common challenges for companies that have not yet moved to the Cloud? Well, I see it as like, just generally, if definitely they haven't started yet, how to get started? What am I moving? What am I supposed to do? Understanding what's even possible, the Cloud is immense, and it has Microsoft 365-like services, it has the Power Platform-like services, it has Azure, which is hundreds of different things you can do there. So, it's like, what do we do? What path do we take? What do we move? Do we move this first? Do we move that first? How do we integrate it? This is freaking me out, but just like I said at all, do we all or nothing? It's all of those. Basically though, how do I get started and where am I supposed to go from here? What's even possible? The art of the possible. Now, are you seeing a lot of your customers that are now starting to make the transition? Are they limited in some of the capabilities that they're able to perform if they're still on-prem? Are they hitting limits where they're like, hey, we need to move this direction? Oh, yeah. So, fortunately a lot of clients have already started. Basically, everyone's on teams. So, in a sense, you're in the cloud or you're somehow in the cloud, but there are still many legacy services, including ones that were built on SharePoint like 2003, that were still alive. Now, they might've been upgraded to maybe SharePoint 2010, but the application was still built in those days and they're now starting to look, what can we do? What is this whole cloud thing even gonna look like? And it's a fun conversation for them because they might have Azure, they might have AWS, they might have these different cloud services, but the people we talked to don't have the actual administrative access to it. So, some of the roadblocks are also just like internal as to, well, we don't know what cloud we're even gonna use and you can't go do your own. So, you're gonna have to do it within our system, but the admins, the system admins, the IT group that still exists within orgs, they're just like locking doors and saying, no, no, you can't do any of this stuff, but you don't understand this cloud application needs to go to the cloud, we need to move it. And so it's, I mean, if I love the job, I love trying to work through this with our clients to say, great, well, I know what we're gonna do, I know what we need. So let's go talk to your IT, let's go talk to whoever it is we need to it, to help unblock that particular thing. Another component though, another answer to that same question is going to be just that the existing on-prem system, the custom code, the solution that was built should not be lifted and shifted to the cloud. It should be completely re-architect. The premise of how to build good solution nowadays has completely changed in so many ways that often the team that built and maintained this product, they maintained this internal solution for years, they're not gonna make the transition to the cloud very well. I'm finding some of them are, some of them are, they're like the people that I just love talking to because they've been maybe working in industry for 20, 30, 40 years, but they get it and they then know they have to upscale. They're gonna have to learn the new technologies and then we can rebuild from scratch effectively the proper solution in the cloud so that it will achieve the same end user result. I think a lot of those, what you just described are your conversations with companies that when you asked them like, how did you live through survive during the pandemic and things around there? And I've heard a lot of companies that say, well, we were already moving that direction. We adopted teams right before the pandemic. And so, and some of you said, it wasn't even as painful as we thought. I mean, there are pain points for sure, but it was a much smoother transition than they thought because they had already started down that path. Yeah, absolutely. Well, I think it's kind of a flip side of that question. Yeah, so must companies move to the cloud or are there valid reasons for remaining on-prem? No, no, and yes. You don't have to go to the cloud, but I can't really find a solution where that's actually, I mean, we all are. Effectively, we're using Teams or we're using Slack. We're using a cloud application. We're using a couple. So I just, I haven't met an organization that doesn't have something in the cloud even though if there's major work courses that aren't yet in the cloud. So, no, you don't have to, but you're really, really missing out. And, but then on the other side is the cloud of the right for everybody in every way. And, and no, and there was an interesting article that just came out. So Basecamp, which has been around for a really long time. They, one of the people that works there, I don't know them well, but I just read this article about it. His name is David Hansen. And he wrote an article about why Basecamp is actually moving back to on-prem. They found that with a stable environment that didn't need some of the cloud features of being infinitely scalable or something where they knew their growth trajectory and they were able to make, they knew what the services they were gonna need. They're actually going back to on-prem where they're gonna run their own data centers because they found great cost savings in, in, if they did it themselves. I see that, I can see that, but certain other things I would really be shocked. Like, are we really gonna go back to, to host in our own email? Oh, I sure hope not. We're not gonna have our own chat platforms and our own phone-based platforms. I mean, teams and outlook and competing service is fine. Those are all cloud-based and I just cannot see us ever wanting to have someone else to try to maintain it ourselves because the level of security needed would really, I believe, outstrip the cost of what email or teams is actually costing organizations. So kind of going back like, nah, you don't have to. There are probably some limitations. Maybe there's regulation reasons why you can't move to the cloud or you've got an on-prem system that just works beautifully for your industry. It's not a bad thing. Maybe it's worthwhile putting into a data center if you haven't done that yet and maintaining it. I don't, it's not necessarily a bad thing. I just, I don't think it's right for most organizations. I mean, even the DOD is saying, no, no, we're going to the cloud and they gave that huge Jetta contract a couple of years. Now, I think it's in turmoil and stuff, but even the government's realizing they would probably be useful for us to just go ahead and scale a bunch of our stuff out into the cloud and it's more than safe and secure. And to an earlier point you made that most organizations are probably not even aware of all the cloud services that their two members, their employees are using. I mean, that's another, that's a different conversation in itself, but now again, a lot of what we rely on, again, go and do an audit of that. I think it was, was it Gartner or Forrester? I know one of the big firms that, analyst firms that did a study and it came, it was like over 150 applications that are active within the average organization. Cloud services, cloud services, it's just crazy. Yeah. One of my clients, they're very large pharmaceutical, the amount of applications that they know about is astronomical in my opinion. I mean, it's a lot. Now it's global organization, lots of things, but it had to keep control of that. But even that, another way to like look at that question of the services, it's not even knowing what's available in the cloud. So you want to move to the cloud, understanding all Azure is really hard and they're constantly innovating, even knowing what's inside of M65 and the Power Platform. These are great power tools, but to stay on top of it is it's still impressive the amount of updates that Microsoft has been pushing over the last year alone. I think it, you know, well over a hundred improvements to Teams or something and I will quote me, but it was publicly set at Ignite. It was 450 was the number. Thank you. It was, I mean, how do you keep up with all of that? And so if you're moving to the cloud to even get caught up to where we are today, by the time you do that, they will have already added on more features. And so I get some of these concerns about it, but I think that you jump in. Effectively, you set a stake in the sand and say, okay, we're starting, we're going to move to this, wherever the state of it is, it doesn't matter, we're going and then have an internal champion who can attempt to keep up to date on the application so that it can be used to a little success. I hear you, but it's still the North Star that we're all going to be striving for. Yeah, sure. It's just interesting, just an observation of that. When Microsoft started making this shift and we talked about, people are saying, oh, it's not the rate of change of innovation in the products back when it was the old model, the on-prem model was too slow. And so, all right, now we're in this evergreen model. It's going to come faster and faster, innovation happening in the cloud first. And then it was, whoa, whoa, whoa, too much. And how can we slow down, drink less than the fire hose? It was funny too. And yet we still complain that it's not innovative fast enough, right? We're missing features that we need and it takes time. So it's a fun paradox, shall we say. So question three, what are the major and sometimes hidden costs of cloud migration? Well, one of the ones that I've seen in general, like as a major cost is often a complete rebuild is needed and that wasn't investigated beforehand. And so the idea was, oh, we'll just lift and shift this 20-year-old service that was written in like VB script. No, you got to rebuild the whole thing and that sometimes can take quite a while, which can translate to be expensive because it's a mission critical application that all of your 300 facilities around the country, around the world, whatever are using, this is how they run their specific facility day-in-day out and you're going to move it to the cloud. Oh, it's not a lift and shift, it could be really big. And so oftentimes these builds are just, they're big and it's a major cost because sometimes like move into the cloud where we all basically move down to D5, you had to move your OneDrive and you had to move your email. Those are big costs just to the migration but they're pretty standard. There were tools to help you, it was easy to do but it's these larger workloads that I find that are more time-consuming and expensive than originally realized. And it's just something to think through. We're going to do this, we're going to get off-prem. When's our deadline? When do we need it done by? What's our budget to do it? Is that reasonable? And then go ahead and potentially change the budget to match what's actually going to be needed once some analysis has gone into it. I'm sure there's more but that to me is one of the big ones that I see that sort of makes people go, oh, whoops, maybe I need to rethink that through. I think we saw again early days of people saying, hey, well I have this, I have SharePoint deployed and configured this way. I can just move that, it's like you can and then how does that run? What is, how does that perform and what does that cost? And just crazy numbers around that. And so it's like, you know, moving to the cloud, there may be again a product of the same name, a platform of the same name, but it doesn't mean that they work the same and there could be other advanced features which you're not able to take advantage of in on-prem which may reduce the cost of some of those customizations. Some of the way that you've configured that. Yeah, big time on SharePoint there because so many people did actually customize their SharePoint infrastructure. They added in custom code, it was allowed. You could do that. And moving to the cloud to me is gonna be for most SharePoint invitations, it's still the right move because you're getting such better, quicker feature sets than the SharePoint on-prem model. The SharePoint on-prem model is still great for what it can do and it can still be a really good on-prem file system collaboration area that can create pages. I mean, there's still the value prop that SharePoint absolutely fills in my opinion, but in the cloud you're able to do so much more. It's gonna be key to pieces of Viva, et cetera. So you now need to migrate your solutions and that's where you can't lift and shift. The idea, the thought process, the way that was working is not lift and shiftable. You have to rebuild it. I'm sure the cloud can do it, but you might need new talent is an unfortunate way to say it to be able to help with that migration because the way we did it 10 years ago, it isn't gonna, it doesn't translate very well unless you get up-skilled, which is people learning, right? It's really about where I wanna help any developer is you need to up-skill yourself into the cloud because it's a different way of thinking. Yep. Yeah. Well, question four is a hybrid approach the right path for most organizations moving to the cloud or does it just add complexity? Yeah, so I look at this as hybrid is to me, the fallback position. So can we migrate to the cloud straight up? Yes, no. Yes, great. Wonderful. No, okay. Why? That's where hybrid would come in, in my opinion. So no, I think it's a necessity for many and quite a few orgs that I work with still have a hybrid implementation. Either they have aspects of SharePoint, they still have access of custom servers that are doing custom solutions. Maybe their AD is still on-prem and still owned. And so yeah, I think that hybrid is a necessity for most but I would prefer it to be a fallback. Like what could we do to do the migration? And if we can't, okay, hybrid's gonna be the answer. Some systems are just straight up not good to move to the cloud maybe or for the org, they don't have the funding, they don't have the resources. It's working just fine. You've got modern SharePoint or modern enough SharePoint on-prem and you've got an application that you recently built four years ago and you still want to get your ROI out of it. I mean, if you're kind of hybrid already then I'd say why just why not leave it? If funding is that case, then you can still maybe get three, five years out of it. There was a fun story I recently, I've had a sort of discussion around that that I had where a client is looking to move on-prem to the cloud, this is SharePoint and we were looking at the limits of pages. And so you can have up to, we have the classic 5,000 page limit but realistically it's a 30 million I think like list limit, which is where the pages all come from. And the question is, well, will your solution migrate fine up to 30 million and they're like, well, let's see, we've got like 10,000 now we're gonna add maybe 300 a year. I think we'll be okay with 30 million and so how long are all of us going to be not retired before these solutions need to be rebuilt anyhow. And so to me, hybrid is a way for some applications to get that ROI out. Next question kind of shifting focus here, talking about when it comes to cloud adoption, what are the major challenges and why? Yeah, security is like this big thing that keeps coming back to me that people don't feel secure to the cloud, which I think is kind of funny. Which is interesting is that, so I got into my first, working for the first cloud base, it was always a dedicated private cloud solution back in 2001. And when I was talking with customers back then, all of the, everybody I spoke with was concerned about moving their data out there and losing control, but security was the number one topic. In 2001, here we are 2022, still the number one concern there. Because it's not mine anymore. I can't lock the door. I'm trusting that you locked it for me. And I'm arguing as the third independent outsider that Microsoft has such a need to make sure the door is not just locked, but it is barricaded. Because if anyone were to get through their system, they've now lost billions of dollars of revenue instantly. So I think it's funny, but I'm still hearing it all the time. And the other one that's close to that to me is close to that is data location. And I guess I've, since I'm in the States, I am a lot of my class in the States, it's normally like, I don't really care. Our data's here. It is, it's the US jurisdiction takes effect. But I mean, part of my company is in Canada. And when I talk to some Canadian customers, they don't want data in the US because the US laws can be a little stringent. If the data comes to the United States, they can subpoena it. And that just gets creepy and weird for a lot of things. So, and definitely you look at the other clouds in Germany and China and elsewhere. I mean, where the data is located is a huge concern to a lot of people. They don't even want it out of their state. I mean, they really want it locked down because they don't want to have to deal with any of those things. So, I'm sure there's more.  But those are two big ones to me that the challenges that people run into is security and just like location of data. Yeah, and I think you're kind of what we've talked about in the upskilling of personnel as well to make sure that people are up to date on the latest and how to take advantage of that capability. I mean, that's another thing that impacts the adoption. If organizations just aren't ready, they don't have the personnel to go and do that. They don't have the budget to go and hire on the outside to do that. That could be a concern as well that could slow down adoption. Yeah, yeah. And then there's just the, you know, the other aspect that they around adoption is just that, you know, people tend to do the things that they know that they're used to. And so any kind of change, especially moving systems to the cloud, it's just, it's a cultural change. Where you're going to your files. Yeah, yeah, it's just different. And so it just takes time and you can't just say, okay, hey, we've now moved everyone to this new system. There's some new features and other things, but it's basically the same. You'll hear some Q&A that we've provided some FAQs. Here's where you go for stuff. Good luck. Like, no. We like things to be they are. I don't want you to optimize them for me. They were, I would have been good and happy if that kitchen utensil had been in that drawer for the next 20 years. Yes, but it's better when it's over here. And yeah, no, I totally get it. Change is scary. It is. I just like my job done. I know where that click is.  You've told me to go, wait, what? So here's something I'm sure you run into a lot with your clients, but how should companies approach customizations and personalization when planning a move to the cloud? Oh yeah. So common. Reassess everything. This is a big deal. And moving, especially because when you are on-prem, and let's just take SharePoint, but there's so many things you can do around Outlook or within how you did Link and all that, moving on into Teams and stuff. But this is the time to reassess the way you're doing things and why you were doing it. What was the purpose and the value of that customization or that personalization? Now, personalization to me is important, but the customization is a little bit more like, well, was that customization really required? Did Microsoft already release a tool to help you do that so that you don't have to rebuild it and maintain some extra service that only gives you that little bit? On the personalization, it's really important to me that solutions are built around people, especially now when we're seeing a bigger push around employee experience or employee engagement and ensuring that the solutions, the digital solutions that we provide within our organizations meet the needs of the jobs of our team members, right? And so these systems and solutions should be personalized. Well, within things such as SharePoint and Teams and others, Yammer, they can be personalized so that they provide an experience that's somewhat unique a tailor to each individual user. So you have to figure that out though. What you were doing before may not be the right way. You got to do a reassessment of where are you? What's available? What is it that you're trying to do? Ideally, you're talking to someone who's been doing this before internally or externally. I mean, I don't wanna say the only way is with consultants, but certainly having an expert or someone who's been playing with it, if it's all internal, being able to give that internal champion or that internal leader, the time and the expectation they've got the time to go and play with the tool, to go to sessions, to listen to videos, to upskill, to then build POCs so that they can say, hey, these are the things that Microsoft said we can do. We can build personalization. Here's a demo of it in practice so that we can say, is this enough of the organ? If it's not, do we need more training, et cetera? Generally though, like where I see it is, the approach is that you're gonna be probably re-architecting to the modern digital workspace by Viva. Let's just say Viva. You're moving to the cloud. That's a whole new way of working and it's gonna make us change the way that we're interacting with our digital systems. It's requiring to re-architectures, requiring to re- Do you still use the phrase, do you use the term of digital transformation? Is that turn off customers now? Because that's been, in my mind, it was always how I defined it was exactly what you've described. It's not just a, hey, there's a newer version of this workload, the software that we're using, let's upgrade it to the latest version. It just happens to be in the cloud. No, it's actually going back in looking and say, here's everything that we do and we may move and it may function two thirds of it, the same way in the cloud, but a third of it, maybe we don't need it at all. Maybe it's fundamentally changed. And so we have to go and evaluate everything and then look at, okay, what is different? Are there new ways, improved ways of doing it? And how can we leverage? Maybe we customized, we personalized, but now out of the box allows us to do 80, 90% of what we customized. So we don't need to go through all of that customization. We can get most of, is that good enough? Do we need to add to that? But that's part of that transformation activity. I just know that people grimace sometimes when you use that phrasing, but... Digital transformation, I mean, to me, kind of down to non-technical words was, can we take that piece of paper and form that we used to send around the office with signatures? Can we digitize it? I know it's a lot more detailed than that, but that's a big piece of it. And I think the pandemic, just the lockdown fixed that. A lot of digital transformation has already occurred, but then there's the digital transformation of transforming the digital solutions we have. So I just don't, it's not part of my general vocabulary. To me, it's much more around the employee experience and employee engagement with the digital workspace because to me, that's what we're doing. But it may also be, my client mix has already been doing that sort of thing. So when they come to me, they're already are, they have digital tools, they know they're gonna be digital therefore they just want them to be more effective for the end user. At the end of the day, all of us are building and delivering tools to organizations, those of us that are in this field, we're delivering digital tools to organizations where the workforce is using those tools, not because they, this was a Sue Hanley quote, people don't come to your internet with a boss at popcorn and say, I wonder what's on the internet today. Let's go look, flip through things. Like, no, that's not what they're doing. They're tempted to do their job. They just got to get their job done and they need those tools to deliver for them. And so, but they should then be personalized. I mean, going back to your question and I would prefer to see, as much as I'm a developer, I'm a nerd, I love coding. I would certainly rather see out of the box solutions be used because you're gonna be able to leverage more of the tools that Microsoft's gonna be baking into the product, i.e. baking into the license. And I think that's gonna provide just a general better ROI. And as more, as new features come out, then they'll likely just integrate right in and you're able to then trial those and yeah, hopefully that's what we see. Well, the last question here, I always like to add in something around planning and this goes back to just that part of my experience, but are there risks of starting a cloud migration without a fully developed plan in place? So what are your best practices around planning? Besides completing an Armageddon in failure and using your job, which is not as a joke, but it's not. Yeah, I mean, it could be a complete disaster, but one of the things like, I would go back to the security, if you don't think through what you're trying to do with any kind of cloud migration and you mess up. When I say that Microsoft is barricading the doors, well, they are and they're trying their best to, but it's still gonna be a username and password, multi-format medication kind of thing. So if you don't help and lock in the doors, they can't help make sure that it's completely unhackable, right? I mean, and you gotta build things right because when you build an application, you could still mess up on the way you built it, that it could be compromised and that can be just a massive problem. It's a dangerous world out there. So that's just one big thing for me on a risk besides just completing another failure. On the other side of the question, it was like, what's the best practices that I like? I prefer a measured approach. I'm not necessarily a big fan of let's take 50,000 or people and let's take 500 services and just shift them all to the cloud and go. I think that, I think it's a mistake. I think a measured approach, which kind of we get back to the hybrid, but I almost think for a lot of big orgs, that's sort of a necessity, smaller orgs, no, you can just do it.  So measured as well as building POCs, building proof of concepts, trying out these new features. When we're gonna do our shift from SharePoint on-prem into the cloud, we're gonna move a massive workload from SharePoint on-prem into SharePoint online is proofing that out, investing five days, not 50 days, to see what does this generally look like? What will it take for us to build the Azure service to support what we're doing? Because we want it to combine with Azure bots that's gonna be talking to Lewis to be able to do language translation because we don't wanna use Power Virtual Agents. Whatever scenario you might do, you would wanna build it a little bit, see if it works. So a cost's gonna be aligned. Does it drive the solution we're looking for, et cetera, before just going all in?   So those are what I like. I mean, generally having a plan, of course, is good and having timelines and assets and resources you're gonna need, et cetera. But some of my other ones that I think that it would be really useful are those the measured, purposeful steps as well as looking at POCs. I'm a huge fan of proofing things out. Yeah, pilot, pilot, pilot, yeah. Pilot, yeah, it's another good one. You're not gonna be penalized for piloting, learning from that, piloting it again, learn some more, expand it. If you are, you're with the wrong org because you're not gonna get it. But with, so I'm a huge, okay, our fan right now, I'm really gonna be spending a lot of time, not only internally with EVA goals, but externally as well. Like internally, I'm gonna be my own first case study, my org is, because they're really huge. And just the idea of having things aligned with, I'm kind of coming down to it, not quite okayers, but the idea of having objectives of what are we trying to do with this migration? What are the results we're gonna be measured by to see if we're successful? And then working iteratively through to get that. And not just taking the list of requirements and saying, yeah, I could do that and three months later, six months later, coming back to you and use those and saying, here's your solution you're using. Yeah, we just ripped that out.  Well, you're now having to do it like this.  Yeah, one thing I'd always say, and I shared this during the tweet jam as well, is that it's like, back when I would build PMOs and I did that as a consultant, I did it for companies that I worked for and it's a project management organization. So I'm a huge fan of OKRs as well. Those that don't know, we're talking about objectives and key results. Thank you, yeah. So, but of using tools like that and being able to see that, hey, here are the activities that I'm working on. I understand how my activities and my peers roll up to our manager, our manager and his peers roll up to our director and VP, so that at the end of the day, when Satya Nadella comes out and says, as the company inside Microsoft says, here's what we're gonna accomplish, these three big things this year, I know as an individual contributor how my role feeds into those three pillars of what we're trying to achieve as a company. That's the grand scheme of that side of this. But I always say on planning in general is that I don't care what methodology that you have, come with the methodology, look at the best practices around each of the workloads, certainly within the Microsoft ecosystem, go to the adoption.microsoft.com, look at the templates for planning for each of the different workloads, rolling out teams, working with SharePoint, leverage what the community has done, they could steer you clear of, they'll give you the walkthrough of, here's what you should be thinking about, planning for, don't miss these items. I can't think of a single project that I've ever worked on as a project manager, we're going through a methodology. I might say not, you know, NA, NA, NA, it doesn't apply here. And then, oh, I didn't think about that or I forgot about that item, there's something on that checklist out of those best practices that will help within your planning. Oh, it's true. Yeah, well, Eric, awesome. Thank you again for participating in the Tweet Jam. Yeah. And looking forward to have you continue, whenever, as always, yourself, anybody watching, there's ever a Tweet Jam, you're like, hey, that's a topic that is really part of my world right now. I'd like to participate, jump in, it's open to everybody. Yeah, and thank you, Christian, for hosting them. I mean, you've been doing this for maybe a few months now. 11 years. I know, and the topics, it's impressive the topics you've come up with and your questions, I can't even think of one where I wasn't like, that's a really, I hate to use this phrase, it's a really good question. I think most questions are good, but like, wow, that's a really pertinent, like really insightful, and the responses have been just simply amazing. So no, thank you for doing that. I love what criticism that I get on some of the questions that I pose as people say, it's like, well, that could go any which direction. I'm like, why don't you share some of the direction? That's the point. I know, no, I think that those are some of the good ones where they're very open-ended, but they make you think. And so, no, thank you for hosting it and keeping up. And I hope to stay with us as long as you're doing it. So when my schedule allows, I really appreciate it. Great to have you. Thank you so much.


Okay. Welcome. Let's get started now. Yes. Then today's topic is hardware acceleration for the Edge network working. Yeah. Then my name is Fu Shengjiao coming from Intel open source technologies center. Yeah. This is today's agenda. I will first introduce the Edge computing and it's the demand on the end to end low latency. Yeah. Then I will have a quick talk about the costs in the traditional Linux networking processing. Then how these costs are eliminated by the kernel bypass way. Then afterwards I will talk about a range of hardware acceleration technologies with the purpose to speed up the network data packet processing one by one. Yeah. Yeah. The first page is why I can computing. As we know that in the context of central cloud, the latency can be reaching for around 25 millisecond to 200 milliseconds. Then there are nowadays there are many emerging usage cases that are demanding the lower latency and accelerated data processing at the edge side. For example, the NFV edge in infrastructure and the autonomous drive driving and AR VR and the industry IoT. Then they are all demanding the low latency less than 20 millisecond. Yeah. So for the next page, I will talk about the end to end low latency in the edge computing. The end to end low latency means that there should be very low latency every step of the data processing and the data transmission. And we can see that the first step is that it should be the low latency of the data acquisition on the device. Then for the second step, it requires a low latency of data transmission between device and edge side. And for the third step, it requires the high performance data processing on edge cloud. And then we can see that for the second step, the low latency of data transmission between device and edge cloud can be further split into three steps. The first step is the TXRX on the device. Then the second is the data transmission on the air. Then the third is the TXRX on the edge cloud side. Then we can see that the TXRX on the edge cloud side is highlighted. Then this is the focus of this topic. Okay. Yeah. The next slide, let's have a quick look at Linux kernel networking processing. After the big data packet comes into NIC, it will be copied into the socket buffers in the kernel space by DMA. Then NIC generates the interrupts to CPU. Then the device driver manages the socket buffers and feed the data into the networking stack. Finally, the data is copied to the user applications. Then as we can see that there are various costs in Linux kernel networking processing. The first cost is related to the IRQ handling. When a huge amount of data packet are received on NIC, we can see the cost of the huge amount of IRQ handling. The other cost is related to the overhead of the context switch. Then there are two types of context switch here. The first is the context switch between the IRQ and the kernel thread. The second overhead is the context switch between the kernel and the user space. Then we can also see the cost of memory copy. The first time of memory copy is from NIC to kernel. Then the second time of data copy is from kernel to user space. Then the user applications need to invoke the system cost to retrieve the data. There is also the cost of system cost here. Let's come to the next page. In this diagram, we can see that the kernel bypass way here is specifically referred to DPDK. The kernel bypass way can eliminate the costs in Linux kernel networking. The pulling mode is running with DPDK. So there's no cost of IRQ handling anymore. Then also the overhead of two types of context switches are limited. Also we can see that the data packet is copied from NIC to use the applications directly. There's only one time of data copy. The last one is the cost of system cost because the user application does not need to call any system cost to retrieve the data from kernel. We can see that there is also no cost of system cost with kernel bypass way. Next, let's have a look at huge pages. In this diagram, we can see that there are four levels of page table for 4K page size. Then there are three levels for two megabyte page size. Then there are only two levels for one gigabyte page size. Then the conclusion is that the larger page size means the less page table levels, then there is the less number of TRB entries. Then finally it can reduce the TRB misses. The next page is talking about the DDIO. The full name is Data Director IO. Then we can first have a look at the picture on the left side. On the left side it is without DDIO. Then the data is copied from NIC to memory by DMA. When CPU access the data in memory, the data is first need to be loaded to the last level cache. Then we can come to the picture on the right side. We can see that with DDIO the data is copied from NIC to last level cache directly. Then the CPU can access the data in last level cache directly. This page is about the data that we receive inside the scaling and the CPU affinity. We receive inside the scaling on NIC and it remains the hash function. Resulting hash value can be mapped to a CPU call. Let me give a simple example. The hash value of the source IP address, TCP port and the destination IP and the destination TCP port can map a TCP connection to a dedicated CPU call. Then the CPU affinity can pin a process of thread to a CPU call. So a process of thread can run on a dedicated CPU call and process all the data packet for one dedicated TCP connection. Then in this way it can avoid the cache misses effectively. In this page let's have a look at the relay architecture of VM host IO interface. In this diagram we can see that for round end is water IO. Then the back end is VM host user running with DPDK. Then the data flow is from NIC to DPDK. Then to open V switch. Then to the VM. We can see that. Then the role of this relay architecture is that it is quite easy to support the VM live migration. Then the call is that there are memory copy overhead because that the data first need to be copied from NIC to DPDK. Then the second memory copy is from DPDK to VM. Then this page shows the path through architecture of VM and VM host IO interface. Then in this architecture the VF on NIC can be assigned to VM directly. Then we can see that the role of this architecture is that it can achieve the same performance as bare metal. This is because that there is no relay between the NIC and the VM. Then the call of this architecture is that it is quite hardware dependent. In many cases it is not possible to support the VM live migration. Here there is a table to compare the calls and the per rest of the relay and the path through architecture. Then we come out a question here. Can we have the high performance with path through and the support of the live migration with relay? Then here comes the solution. Here comes the solution. The solution is called VDPA. The full name is called Vhost data path acceleration. Then we can see that the configuration path can go in the relay way. Then the data transmission path can go in path through. Then here we can see some details. We can see that the CSR and the bug configuration and the map are handled in the relay way. But the ring buffer can be assigned to VM in the path through way. Then the VDPA can achieve all objective. It can achieve the CSR. I always like performance. On the other hand, it can support the VM live migration. The next page is called SmartNIC. As we know that there are several kinds of SmartNICs. In this page, I think that I will only talk about one type of SmartNIC. This type of SmartNIC can do the OVS outloading. Then we can see that all the OVS logic is outloaded from the host to SmartNIC. Then the data processing and forwarding on the SmartNIC can be accelerated by IPGA or ISIC. Then for the last page, I will talk about the quick assistant technology called QAT. Then the encryption and decryption algorithms can be outloaded to QAT, including the symmetric PKE outload and the symmetric chain, the cipher outload and the pseudo-random function outload. Now QAT is supported in open SSL with QAT engine. Then currently, as we know that the QAT can be designed to VM by PCI passes through. Then I think that in the near future, the QAT may be managed by SSL bulk. Then I actually noticed that there is a technical session about SSL bulk. Then I saw the content, there is some content related to the QAT. So now the QAT can be managed by SSL bulk. I think that I have finished my content. Do you have any questions?


Cells actually don't age like we thought. Imagine a chicken heart. Yeah, just a regular chicken heart. Kept alive for over 30 years in some lab at a university by French surgeon and biologist Alexis Correll and his associates. They just keep feeding it nutrients and clear out the toxins on a daily basis and that has kept the chicken heart alive. Pretty wild, right? So this gets me thinking maybe we don't have to age the way we think. Yeah So I think eventually we're gonna figure out that we don't have to age And the key to that is to cultivate ourselves. It's like there's a secret to eternal youth and it's all about taking care of our cells It's not just about eating right or taking vitamins. I'm talking about something deeper more, you know cosmic There's this German biophysicist Fritz Albert pop and no, I'm not making this name up This guy found out that our bodies are very cells give off light. Yeah, you heard me light They emit what's called bio photons. It's like we're all glowing, but we just can't see it


Let's take it from the top. Inetonga, pull up. Ladies and gentlemen, husbands and wives, boys and girlfriends, side chicks and side hands. Good morning. My name is Kai Vikan. You have seen me on your social media platforms, on your access status that are directed to you. I am the one and only Kai Vikan. Born again, married. Ladies, married. Hapili married and I can't complain. Ume, rakisha sana. Ume jitu aso kwa raka sana. Did you seependi ii oka space? You have broken so many hearts out there. Apole sana sii okutaka nivi li nili pata. How long have you been married? I've been married for one year, three months now. And it's amazing. Especially the things zileni na onyashango. Kwanzaa this morning, when I woke up, ah masai unafawo. Inakuza, inakuza. Inakaw, ya? Yes. Uko shuwa? Anzanda kuwata. Nili by example. Fungu and jeb, fungu and jeb. All right. Uko na lot of followers on TikTok. Yes. A lot of followers. A lot of them. What makes people attracted to your, what makes people attracted to your content, to your page? I think one of them is the grace of God because you can have all these other things but billa grace, ya God, we always survive. So I think one of them is the grace of God. Number two, I think I get to address things that really happen in people's lives. So mostly my content is based about relationship. It's based on things that happen in a day to day life. So I think many people connect with what I say and that is why probably they find it waft to follow me. Right now I think about 360,000. How many? Wengiku liko, of course you have a time. Sorry. Hey, all right, all right. Mamu inachemuka. Mamu inachemuka. And what's your handle? My handle is at Sky V Ken, both on Facebook, on Instagram and on YouTube. Yes, yes, for now. So you are inspired by real life events? Real life, yes. Before I got married, I was had broken and I also had broken other people. So it rolls around those things and also observing what is happening in the world right now. This young generation, Ina menta wengi. So you find somebody who had broken in class 4, who had broken in high school, who had broken in school 16 years later, who had broken in school. 16 years later. Hey, people had broken my friend. I was talking with another lady, she was 38. She has been now had broken the 7th time and she was asking me whether I have a brother who can love her. Unfortunately, she's not. What's your brother? No, I can't speak for many of us. I'm a very good brother in Christ. I'm a scientist. Yes.  You wanna kusmami shangam tu ananda tu kupua the heart out, a kita kwa umseh dia mahalia. Amata, atasila zma kwa street, ukwa inani ventu na amtua ananda tu kwa mbea, hey by the way, nifanaivi naivi, is it tiring nama? I think before I got into this place, I realized kuna watua na suffer as celebrities kwa sababua na ishi life fake. So maybe what I do, I just live my life as a normal person. If I'm walking around the streets, nana kuna watua na ni anga liya tu kwa kumbali tuivi, nama salimi, nama salimi ya. Mambo, nama haba isini usama, ya meneo na mahali. Do you want to self eat, rapiga selfi na life na indoleya. But I think kukisha ingizawa celeb kwa kili, you don't want to be in public places, awezi ingi ama tatu ile skugare na mafuta, I think it's a prison. So maybe I am easy, easy sama ni prash, I love it. Tu kikwa na kwa straight to itisha selfi. Itisha selfi tu ta piga moja po like. Mume siya patiwa, siya patiwa rohusa. You studied management. Management science? Management science. Kenyanta University.  Yapa habia yo me address specifically, DJ. You don't want to pose your music. I did want to pose my music, kwa kili kuna masoma. But fun enough, until now, I have not used anything that I studied at KU.  Kama ni was formed about seven years ago, been around for some time. I have the gift of public speaking. I get to speak a lot. So that is how we formed the company and then we get to talk about to train people on soft skills like leadership, customer service, etiquettes. All those soft skills. And also we also do team building. Tuna pela kawatu mahali wana chaaza, tuna afunza and we make teams born. So that wa Kiroodi kwa ofisi, they are able to continue to work towards the goal of the company. So we've been around for about 7 years now. Alright, if people would like your services, wakudze direkta ma, wanyanda kwa kampani? Wanyata kudze direkta, my number is 0722-455414. Please sneshwa yon ni katia, ni abieshwa yon, 0722-455 Wanyata kwa kofia kataliwa na njuli. 414. You can also check our Facebook page, Fearless International, which is apart of everything that we do down there. Yes. Umeyandiga kitabu pia? Umeyandiga kitabu, poetry, inaitua I Need Me A Baby Girl and Other Poems. Uumkawaja? Your first crush? Shereu ni kwa kitabu, bada tia tia ni confirm kitu. Your first relationship? How old were you? I was three years. In class... No, I was three. Sorry, I was in class three. I was in class three. I had a girlfriend called Sylvia Kamau in class three. Una kumukajin? In class four I had another girlfriend called... I can't remember. Win Esther Wanjiko Bao. In class six I had another one called Emelda Wanjiro. I went to Form One, I had Grace Wanjiko. In Form three I had Elizabeth Moura. In Form four I had Soma. I went to college, I had others when Esther was in class three, she was in class six. So I've done a lot. But by the grace of God. I now settled. You settled? Atamimi, naskiza tiosura ni kwa, yes, finally. Finally? There is an end to that. Finally someone is settled and happily. Happily married? Yes. Yakutresabu kwanzia wapi? Tu ruke o story? Tu nalaya, tu nalaya. Tajiza na helpa. Kanli tell us again your personal social media handles and where guys can actually follow you. Ma social media platforms again is at Sky V Ken. SKY Space V Space Ken. You can find me on Instagram, on YouTube and on TikTok. Instagram, YouTube, TikTok. Yes, and Facebook. And Facebook. Yes. Tu nana ika rei tu ki tu peleka wapi. What are we aiming for? We are aiming to change the world, bro. Looking around, so many things are starting to shape up. One of the things that is happening, we are moving away from the dollar. I hope you've seen some of these things happening. Yeah, yeah. And Mimina is an behaviour young person. You have to be updated with what is happening because we have to be placed in the right place, especially financially. Because Masai, you agree. If you have nothing, nobody will listen to you. We have a kwaenim kut, come with me. We will be with you. We will be with you too. You have nothing. You can have all these things, but if you have nothing, people don't want to listen to you. So it is important that we be empowered financially with knowledge and understanding, with wisdom, so that we can become people of substance in the society. So I think for me, in my public speaking, I always endeavour to bring impacts to young people. That is what I have been doing. And actually, that reflects, even on the numbers, the kind of views you have on your TikTok. Yes. That just shows that you have that impact on the young generation. Exactly. It impacts me a lot, but it's not like that.  I'm already a leader. I'm already a leader. I'm already a leader.  Yes. I would call you a content creator. Yes. We should collaborate with other content creators. I'm a contenter to 40, so I'm yours. Unfortunately, I have seen a lot of collaborations with people, but maybe I will see a part of them and find out what I do. I have seen dancers of TikTok, I want to see them and ask them to come to my house and work with them. Hi. See, job where and where. See, job. See, job. But looking around, Sijapata or Twenge, who do what I do. But in case I get somebody who would want to impact the young generation with wisdom and all these skills, why not? I'd love to collaborate. But for now, Sijapata, I want to work with them. Apart from yourself. Yes. Who is your favourite TikToker? You want to be sure apart from yourself, because I don't get to say my name. TikToker. Those are Kalei. Okay. Sorry for using that. There is a lady called Lucy Smiles. I think she is a dancer of TikTok and she is a woman of Mwangalia. She is a dancer. I like her creativity. That lady is Lucy Smiles.  I like what she does. I want to say Shafika. Yes, Shafika. Yes, Shafika. Yes, she is a personalist. Alright. It's actually amazing talking to you. Yes. And as we wind this up, is there anything that you'd like to tell our viewers or also your followers directly? Now, my followers, thank you so much for following me without you probably or not have gotten to this place. Thank you so much for your support and everything you've done. And I want me to just share one thing. We are moving, the world is moving so fast right now and as a young people would not want you to be left behind. I don't want you to end up being nothing. Please update yourself in what is happening in the market, what is happening politically and please position yourself in the right place. I don't want you to be in the protest and the question is yes, we are doing all these things but is that how you want your life to end, right? So position yourself in the right place and in case things are not working around well with you right now there is a future. I was once a street boy. I was a street boy. I was a street boy. I was a street boy. I was once a street boy but I've seen the grace of God raise me. I was once a street boy but I've seen the grace of God raise me. Millionaires do a kitu and I don't want to care and maybe I should invite 4 chairmen so don't give up. Sayuun na zakuwa mambaya kwa si poa just trust in God trust the process and do your best one day the world is going to give you the rest. I will see you. Exactly. Wait a minute. I don't want you to get hurt. Hintz. That was a movie. Trailer. Trailer. I want to see you in the next episode and I don't want to get hurt. But we are actually happy We are glad that you are here. We are glad that we actually introduced you to our audience and I hope that you will continue to have motivation, encouragement, tips, skills, everything that you do share on your platform. Santi sana kwa kwa hapa. Yes. No, atu kwa Ted Talk. In case you are wondering, it's still hashtag social Friday, your weekend, all on a weekday, tu kona masaki dogia kuchesam ziki na kwa dance. No yu. Sachatwani dance move zake. Mi kazi amu ni kwaangali, na rajizu zemota dance pier. Topanga show. Topanga show a dance. Where Ruka? Topanga show a dance. Ya, atu atu atu wan ni dance.