What is your favorite Raven Steelers game of all time? And who is your favorite Steelers player? What type of contract should we expect Marlin Humphrey to get? When people compare Lamar Jackson to other quarterbacks, why do they try to exclude his running ability when having that conversation? These and many, many more on this episode of NFL Questions from subscribers. And you know just what I mean. YouTube team keep it clean. You see my boy, he like, I done made it, I done made it. Raven, Raven, Raven, Raven, Raven, Raven, Raven. YouTube team keep it clean. What's going on the same Raven Hill with another video and another episode of NFL Questions from subscribers. Yes, I know it's been a while. One question from subscribers is, is a series where you can ask me any NFL question you want to based off of any NFL team and we answered in a video just like this. Now if you wanna be part of NFL Questions from subscribers you just send me an email at teamkeepitclean at gmail.com and we'll answer your question in video just like this. We have a lot of questions to get caught up with because we are way behind and I wanna get caught up by the time training camp starts. So if you have sent me a question over the past week, two weeks, three weeks, four weeks, five weeks, six weeks, trust me it's coming if I didn't get to it already. Cause remember, some of these questions are answered in question from subscriber videos like this. Some of these questions are answered in live stream questions from subscribers like that. So if you wanna see if your question was answered just go to the playlist question from subscribers and it'll be there unless I haven't answered it already then it's coming. But thank you all for being so patient.  I love y'all, I appreciate y'all. Real quick, this episode may not feature the questions on the screen because while that does look very simple it is technically but with my computer it's not like, I wish some of y'all could see the process that goes into making a question from subscriber video because it is not easy. Like I said, my computer is older than Carter and that may seem like, oh well Carter is just five years old man. It's a, my computer is about seven. Now in computer age that's pretty old. So it's a process, it's a process. But anyway, I love y'all, I appreciate y'all. And if the questions are not on the screen like they have been for the past few questions from subscriber videos, my apologies. But what I have been, well I did it on the last question from subscriber video what I would like to do for you all because I know a lot of people like it to where we list the names of the people who took part in questions from subscribers for that episode. So I will try to do that whether it be in the comment section, I put it on the pin comment or I do it in the description. If I don't do it, please remind me to do it. Please in the comment section remind me. So you can tell me engraving, you forgot to put it and I'll go ahead and go through the video and put it. So I appreciate y'all, I love y'all. Let's do it. First question, came from my guy 410Dynamic. He said, do you think the NFL should go on and schedule since the WWE is in full contact with no fans indoors? I just like to know, what are your opinions on this question? I salute to you and the family and also the team keeping cleaners. Well, shout out to 410Dynamic. I think they should. I think they will. But I do love the option to where players can opt out if they don't feel safe. They don't feel safe. It's like, you know what, I'm not doing this. So okay, cool. There you go. They are gonna have their frequent testing. So that's gonna be something to pay attention to. Of course there, I guess there's no hippolos anymore since I guess if a player reports positive for the virus or what not, then the world will know. But they're gonna figure it out. I think a lot of it is gonna be figuring it out as they go along, but they're gonna figure it out. And then there's gonna finally be some kind of rhythm that go, it might take a couple weeks into the season, but I think once they get it, they're gonna find it niche and then it'll be smoother sailing from there. Next question came from my boy, Joseph E. He said engraving, hope all is well. Really enjoy your show. Appreciate it, man. Ooh, this was obviously before the Jamal Adams trade. He said regarding a potential Jamal Adams trade, seeing that Earl Thomas trade is not looking so great at this point and the Jets seeming to be a team that likes to tout big names. That may be past their prime. Do you think there's a chance we could entice the Jets to trade Adams for Thomas and a second or third pick? Obviously, no, Thomas was never anybody that I thought Earl Thomas was never anybody that I thought would be traded because of that cap hit. The cap hit, I mean, the dead money, excuse me, not the cap hit, the dead money is just way too much. With the dead money being way too much, they're not trying to get back into a bad situation. Earl Thomas is not a bad safety. He's not a bad player. He had a really good season last year, but obviously Jamal Adams is the more the sexier name at the time. So that's who everybody was falling in love with. But Earl Thomas is not a bad safety. He didn't have a bad year and he should have an even better year this year. And I guess just these emails were around in time when a lot of people wanted Jamal Adams to be traded to the Ravens because this next one came from my boy, Brayden. Brayden S. He said, here's a possible trade scenario for the Ravens to acquire Adams. And it would have been trading Matt Judon, a 2021 second round pick and a 2021 fourth round pick for Jamal Adams. And he said, once Adams is required with the remaining cap space signed Clowney to a one or two year deal with 10 to 11 mil per, ooh, we can't afford that. Then possibly signed Antonio Brown to a one year prove it deal for fully non-guaranteed incentive-based deal worth about three to four mil. That one would be affordable, but the Clowney, the one to two year deal worth 10 mil per, oh, we would have been clearing 16 mil in cap space though, but we would have been taking on with Jamal Adams. I think three point something mil in cap space. And then he got a roster bonus. But yeah, man, it was just, and we see that that wouldn't have been enough. That would not have been enough because you see that the Seahawks, they gave up two first round picks and a third round pick. They gave up a lot. Next question came from my boy, EDC. Now, I remember when I asked him to send me this question and email because he asked it during the live stream and I was thinking, hold up. No, we gotta save that for questions from subscribers. Anyway, he said, what's up in Graven? I saw the picker caught on Instagram and dude is getting big and the haircut was nice. Hey, appreciate that, man. Thank you, man. He said, just emailing my EDC contract comment from the live stream. I'm no salary cap or GM wizard like you. And, oh well, I'm not, I'm certainly not in EDC, but I honestly don't know how we can afford to keep our top players when contract time rolls around. I've tried to figure out how to pass, did it for so long, but I'm clueless. Well, they did it with Brady, but Brady, he took, the way that his contracts was set up was to the point where they had a less, they had less impact on the salary cap and his AP, why his average per year were never really the highest in the NFL. He was still making a good load of money, but his salary per year was never one of the highest. He got, I think he got some good signing bonuses though. And he got some little back in money too, but anyway. I said, I tried to figure out how to pass, did it for so long, but I'm clueless. Oh, another thing too. And he said, Brady didn't leave that much money on the table. Yeah. And another thing too with the Pats, with enough of their players, I mean they would keep some, but a lot of them they would be like, okay, bye, see you. And with enough of their players too, they, when do you ever hear about the Pats making somebody the highest paid this or the highest paid that? I think Stephon Gilmore, did they make Stephon Gilmore highest paid corner? Maybe, boy, I don't know, he got the highest dealing free agency that year where they got them, I think. But anyway, they never really do the highest paid this and highest paid that. That's just not something that they would normally do. And then people know, players know that that team has had a lot of success and they know a lot of things bounce their way. Sometimes the players will be like, you know what, I'll go to the Pats. Yeah, I'll take a little less money. I'm trying to get me a ring. So I think that's a part of it too. But anyway, he said, my question is, in your opinion, does EDC draft for depth or stash players with the idea of letting money players go because he knows we have players we can't afford going forward. Did Ozzie have these issues? And that is a really good question. And I think that, I think Eric DeCosta does draft for both, for depth guys who could take over for the big money guys when he knows the Ravens can't afford them anymore. Because you, well, he didn't draft more than Humphrey or anything.  You signed him to a big deal. And you signed, well, hopefully you're getting ready to sign Marlon Humphrey. They draft Emin Marshall, big cornerback. I think he's like, is he 64 or 62? One of the two, but he's a bigger cornerback. And you got a bigger cornerback, right now on the team who's 62, who's been riding with you for a long time, his entire career, but you signed him to a one year deal and you most likely ain't gonna re-sign him after this year, Jimmy Smith. What happens? Oh, you're gonna have him take over for Jimmy Smith when he leaves. And then you got guys like Mattabike or Mattabuke, always forget. You signed Daly Mack. And with those guys, oh, and there was another one that they drafted this year too, I forgot who, but you bring in those guys and you got these versatile type of defensive linemen. You already got Brandon Williams now.  Well, big cap hits every year. And I don't expect him to be on a roster next year. So boom, you already got your in-house solution and people who are more versatile and obviously Kalea's Campbell too. So, I mean, and then with the wide receivers, they ended up, or what he's done, I mean, Ozzie did it too as well. They draft in double doses. And I think that when they draft in double doses, that sort of covers them. It's like you have a backup option. Like, ooh, just in case this one don't work out, then we still got this one too. They recently, they did it with Hayden Hurson, Mark Andrews. They did it with Holly Will Brown and Miles Boykin. They did it with Patrick Queen and Malik Harrison. So this double dose type of thing. It's like, okay, just in case one misses, then hopefully the other one hits. Hopefully they both hit. But you just never know how stuff is gonna work out.  You really can't. It would be a beautiful thing if it gets to the point where players are willing to take less to come to the Ravens, but if they don't, can't be mad at him for not doing that. Next question came from my boy, Paul Wankay. He said, good morning, Graven. I've been watching some old Raven Steelers games. Oh, I'll be doing that same thing too. Right on YouTube. He said, and I was curious to know what your favorite Raven Steelers game was and who was your favorite Steelers player? My favorite game was opening day, beat down in 2011 when we put 35 on him and they had eliminated us in the playoffs the year before. And my favorite player was Lamar Woodley. He was always so clutching underrated. Like it. My favorite Raven Steelers game was in that same year, but whatever week that was, I did love that opening week. Ooh, man, that home opener or week one opener. That was beautiful because we, and I literally just watched that two days ago. And Terrell Suggs, he knocked out Big Ben. We've recovered that fumble. Halody Nauta recovered it. Halody Nauta, who was there running back? Was it Rashad Mendenhall? Not Rashad Mendenhall. Maybe it was, but whoever that running back was, Ben Rollinsburg, a sort of Babbo the snap, but then handed it off to the running back on Halody Nauta, popped him. And then he fumbled the ball, Halody Nauta recovered that. Ray Lewis got a pick and Reed got two picks. Like we forced seven turnovers. We forced as many turnovers as they had points. Oh man, that was such a great game. And I remember watching that game with my boys in the sports bar. I'll never forget, but I love that game, but my favorite game was later on. When we traveled to Pittsburgh, and I think it was Sunday Night Football, and it was looking like, oh man, here we go again. Close game. Yeah, the Ravens, they fought. I appreciate the effort.  And that game, ooh, those Raven Steelers games, they used to be the most stressful games in the world. And hopefully it gets back to being that because again, this Raven Steelers rivalry has lost some steam over the past couple of years. But hopefully it picks back up, especially with Big Ben coming back. Because last year it was nice beating them, but it was just different cause they ain't have no Big Ben. But with that game, that game was just, that was one of my favorite, probably my favorite Raven Steelers game of all time because that game, for the longest, we could not beat the Steelers. It was like, when Ben Rothesberger was a starting quarterback, Ravens would always lose. They would find all these different ways to lose. Well, really Steelers would find all these ways to win. Steelers would always make one more play than the Ravens and that play would be the one. Every time. Then it finally got to the point where, oh, well, we can beat the Steelers, but with Big Ben as a starter, but we can't beat them in Pittsburgh with Big Ben as a starter. So it was like, then they had that monkey on that back. Then finally, oh, I think that was the first time they did it, I believe. But they beat the Steelers in Pittsburgh with Big Ben as a starter. And that Tori Smith touchdown catch. Oh, I loved it, man. I went crazy. I went crazy. And the thing about that, that was so great about that was Anquan Bowden, of course, clutch as always. Well, not always, but like, especially the playoff game where they eliminated us the year before, yikes, because he dropped the touchdown and he ends up anyway. Anquan Bowden was so clutch on that drive, he made a lot of plays. Ray Rice, he helped a little bit too. And was it Peter or Dixon that helped out too? Anyway, with the Tori Smith touchdown catch, two plays before Flacco went to Tori Smith and Tori Smith was open, he beat his man, he was open. It was like, yes, and he dropped it. He dropped it. But then two plays later, Flacco went right back to him. He went right back to him. Tori Smith had beat his man again, had position, and he caught the ball. And it was passing the fence too. Boy, I was scared when they threw that flag, I was thinking, oh no, here we go. But yeah, that was my favorite Raven Steelers game. My favorite Steelers player, probably Heinz Ward. No, Troy Palamalu, Troy Palamalu, because he, oh boy, on defense Troy Palamalu. Really overall Troy Palamalu, but if I had to pick offense and defense, offense I would say Heinz Ward because he was just so gritty. He was a perfect receiver for AFC North. He was tough, he would, if he caught you slipping, it wasn't gonna be good for you. He was blindside, was blocky, he was knocky out, he was very physical, he could catch, he was a good receiver, man, good receiver. And really didn't, it took a lot to get him mad too. It took a whole lot to get him mad because you see, he could get other people mad and he would just sit there and smile. Oh, man, it was so frustrating. It would be so frustrating. But then with Troy Palamalu, this dude was just a playmaker, man. Straight up, playmaker. That's the best thing, best way to define him, the best thing to call him, playmaker, because he made every kind of player, sack, a stripper, force fumble, a fumble recovery, obviously a pick, a pick six, a big hit, a big tackle behind the line of script, everything, he did it, man. He was amazing, so it will be Troy for me. Next question came from my guy, T8804. He said, what up in Graven? I hope you and the family and the rest of the team keep it clean, have been well. I've been slagging with the question, so I have some scenarios I'd like to get your thoughts on. Hey, it's all good, man. He said, number one, G-Roll's comments from the presser on June 23rd to me were just a front, a smoke screen to the other teams to make them think that they have a chance to catch up with us. Do you also believe G-Roll was pulling a hardball and trying to trick other teams as well? Or could you see a mix of our great run game mix with a ton of play action, screens, misdirections, and running backs being flexed to the slot? Due to the speed we picked up. Oh, for sure, man. I definitely think, with the Raven's offense, I do think it's gonna expand. I mean, it has to in order to use the weapons that you brought on this team. You didn't get a Duvenay for nothing. You didn't get a Pro Shave for nothing. You ain't got a Hollywood, a healthy Hollywood for nothing. You still got that six, four miles, boicking. Still got Snead, you got Andrews, you got Nick Boyle, excuse me. You got Ingram, you got J.K. Dobbins, you got Gus Edwards for now. You still got Justice Hill, Ricard and possibly Rick Steiner too.  I mean, you could, but it'll take a lot to get every single person, but yeah.  So I do think the offense is gonna grow, it's gonna expand and it's gonna just evolve just to make this an even better offense while still not, hopefully, not neglecting the run game. And his other question was, I believe if we cut a trade Gus, maybe another wide receiver, I don't think they're gonna cut Gus. I think they would trade him if they got rid of him. But he said, and maybe another wide receiver that more likely would be made to obtain Antonio Brown. Do you see us making room for Antonio Brown? And if so, who do you see leaving the team as well as what kind of contract do you think would be best? If the Ravens did get Antonio Brown, who knows what would happen with him if, because he's just still in limbo right now. If they did it, I think you'll be an incentive-based deal.  I would say about maybe like a $2 million salary maybe and in order to 2 million at the max. And in order for that, they would have to hit a lot of different incentives and whatnot. But if he doesn't, and again, it's not guaranteed.  Even though I don't think he would slip up or anything like that, I don't think they would give him any guaranteed money. Now, if they did, if they were to obtain an Antonio Brown, who do I think they would get rid of? None of their receivers that I expect to make the roster, that being, because I expect it to be Hollywood, Boykin, Sneed, DuVernay, Prochet. But it would just have to come from somewhere else. And it all just, it all depends on who makes the roster. It just, it all just depends on who makes the roster and when, if they got an A, B, when they would get them. It's very, it's very hard to guess that, to predict that, because we don't know who's made the roster. I mean, right now they have 81 men on there. As of when I'm recording this video, they have 81 men on the roster. But it's how AS2 early to tell that part. Next question came from my boy, Thomas from Be More. He said, Thomas M. He said, I ain't graven. Not my guy, Thomas Morgan though. Different Thomas M. He said, I ain't graven. Long time subscriber, first time asking a question. I hope you and the family are blessed and well. Appreciate it. He said, he has a couple of questions. One, what made our amazing franchise be the team you chose to root for? If I'm not mistaken, I thought you don't currently reside in Baltimore. Just asking to see others' opinions and reasoning. So, I used to live in Maryland. I don't live there anymore. Well, obviously as you know. But what made me a Ravens fan was being sort of a football fan. I was a football fan, but I wasn't really into it. Not nearly, obviously not as much as I am into it now. But I was a football fan. And then my aunt, no, it's my uncle. Uncle aunt, they had season tickets. And they took me to my first Ravens game. And it was either the Ravens against the Titans or the Ravens against the Steelers. And then from that point, I was just like, wow, like the introductions to the game, the player introductions and whatnot and just being there, seeing it like I was used to seeing it on Madden and seeing it on TV and whatnot as far as football, but I had never been to a game myself. So that really just had me like, whoa, this is super cool. And I was a big wrestling fan back then. So just in one of my favorite things about wrestling back then was the introductions, the entrances. And then when I saw the Ravens and the way that they did the entrances with the fire and the smoke and the cameras and just the light, oh, it's a beautiful thing, man. So that got me hooked. And then I started paying attention to the Ravens more and more ever since then. And just really just really started being hooked. And every year we get more and more hooked and pay more and more attention to football in depth. So that's the, for that one. And this other question was, how would you feel about possibly trying to deal away Brandon Williams? Just testing the market. I mean, he's awesome and I love him, but can put his money to better use, like locking up Marlon Humphrey. You're not the only one who thought they did an error with putting Marcus Peters over him. We can't trade Brandon Williams this year. Next year, I think they would get rid of him. I think they will cut him or trade him. But this year, no, it would be too much dead money. I think next year is the first year where they can actually do it and it would be fine. Like they could live with the dead money. It would be a much less impact next year than it would be this year. So next year, I think he's gone. Again, like you said, I like Brandon Williams too, but I think they want to get more diverse on the defensive line. I just think they want guys that can do more than one thing. Yeah, you want to stop the run, but you also want to get interior pressure. Since Brandon Williams doesn't really provide that, I think they're going to want guys that do. And his next question, he said, what do you envision the contract for Marlon Humphrey being? Thank you in advance. I appreciate it, Thomas. The contract for Humphrey. Wow. I think it's going to, I think it's going to, wow, that is so tough. Because when that time does come, I think it's going to make him the highest paid corner in the league. Because that's all you can do. I mean, you can't do a little bit less, and that'd be cool. But I think it's going to make him the highest paid corner in the league. Who that is right now, I can't think of off the top of my head. But because it's, oh, it's going to be a lot of money. It's going to be a lot of money. Whatever it ends up being, it's going to be a lot of money. And I'm just thinking like, man, where's it going to come from? Who's going to have to get going when that does happen? And the one possibility that I'm thinking of, and it is a possibility I do not want it to be a reality, it is a possibility though. Wow. What if they didn't do it? What if they didn't give him the extension? And what if, oof. What if they decided he wasn't one of the people that was going to stay? Oh, I would be sad. I think I would cry if that happened. I would probably cry. There's some people I would be hurt for, but I wouldn't cry from all the Humphrey. If that happened, I'd probably cry. But I mean, we'll see. But when he does get paid, whoever it is by, hopefully it's by the Ravens, I think it's going to make him the highest paid corner in the league. Next question came from a boy, Javis Fowler. He said, if you can steal three players in our division, who would they be? And if you can steal three players from the league, who would they be? Oh, okay. And he said, just order my Ravens mask from the secret dwelling site. Oh, appreciate that, Javis. Thank you, man. I appreciate that a lot, man. And thank you for just supporting over the years too. Thank you for sending a boatload of questions because my boy Javis, he's sent a lot of questions over the years, man. So I appreciate it, man. But if I can steal three players in all the division, who would they be? Miles Garrett from the Browns. TJ White from the Steelers. And from the Bengals. Probably if he was healthier, A.J. Green. Healthy A.J. Green. Or healthy, or he is healthy, all in tape. But probably A.J. Green. A.J. Green, those would be mine. Cause it's like boom, immediate pass rush, upgrade. Like in like some serious pass rush. And guys that can get to the quarterback without help, but if you have them two opposite each, ooh, yikes. And then a beast of a receiver. But then he said, if you could steal three players from the league, who would they be? Well, one would be De'Andre Hopkins. You already know that. Another would be probably a Julio Jones. Cause you could have De'Andre Hopkins. You could have Hollywood. You could have Julio, ooh, man. What do you do? A healthy Julio though. Anyway. And then probably an Aaron Donald. Aaron Donald because that's interior pressure as he stops to run. He creates pressure on the interior pass rush. He can do it all, man. So those would be my three. Next question came from my guy, Ibrahim Rao. He said, do you think the Ravens will consider hiring Flacco as a coach on the team after your attires? If Flacco decides to take that path in the future, or do you think they would avoid that path as long as Lamar is a starter and be more? I don't see Flacco being a coach, man. I just don't. I see with Flacco, I feel like he's just so laid back and he would, I feel like if somebody messed up, he would just be like, oh boy, okay. Here we go. I feel like he wouldn't even really get mad. I mean, we've seen him have plenty of emotion. I ain't seen he ain't got no emotion, but I just feel like he would not want to be, not that he wouldn't want to be invested in football like that after he retired, but I just, I cannot see him being a coach at all, man. I think once he's done with football, like he's gonna be done. He gonna be like, okay, I'm good, that's a wrap. And I think that could be after this year because he's signed with the Jets on a one-year deal. But I think after this year, then he could be like, all right, I done done it all. I got my five kids, I got plenty of money.   So yeah, I think Flacco, I think he's gonna walk away and like really walk away and be all the way done.  I don't think it would be any beef, anything like that. But I just, I don't think he would do it. I don't think the Ravens would do it either. And he said also, oh, since every year fans of teams whose season falls apart early will sometimes root for their team to lose as many games as possible just so they get the highest draft pick the following spring. Was that your attitude like that back with the Ravens in 2007 and 2015? Because those are the most recent Raven seasons where they had no shot at the playoffs post Thanksgiving with the 2007 squad falling apart after a four and two start. No, not at all, not at all. And with 2015, that was more recent. I just, the thing with the Ravens that year besides two games, they only got blown out in two games. They only lost two games that year by more than eight points, two. So they only lost two games that year by more than one score. So they had us there. They had our hearts in these games and we were like, oh, they came so close to me and they're losing somehow some way. But I never, I'm not one of those fans that wants a team to lose. Like, oh yeah, let's get a high draft pick. I mean, yeah, that's cool or whatever, but no. No, I think that to me, that's sort of like a loser's mentality. And I understand the benefit of it. You get to choose. You have your choice of which players you won or whatnot. But nah, man, I want my team to win, man. That year, 2015, it was like, you couldn't even get all the way numb. I mean, you could get somewhat numb, but you couldn't get all the way numb because, again, because Ravens were in so many of those games. But I just, yeah, I never thought like, oh yeah, oh, come on Ravens, lose, lose. So we get a high, high draft pick. So, but yeah, that's so, nah, I couldn't get with that, man. I just, nah. Next question came from my guy colleague. He said, where do you get your jerseys from? Well, where I used to get them from, not anymore, was polystore.ru. But they are over there in China. And ever since this whole thing been going on, I ain't heard from them. So that's that. So I don't get them from there anymore. So right now, and I haven't gotten a jersey in months, a very long time, since sometime like during the football season, that's the last time I got a jersey. I have another company though, that I'm going to be working with very soon. So once that gets done, then I will let you all know, but this is going to be a different type of jersey. It ain't going to be a football jersey. But when we get it, we'll show you and we'll go from there. So, but right now, I don't have any more plugs right now. I don't have any more connects right now as far as jerseys and whatnot, but so we'll see when we get another one. And I'll let y'all know. Next question came from my guy Tyler T. He said, what's up in Graven? I'm a big Chargers fan and wanted to see what you think Chargers fan can expect for this upcoming season. What do you see Justin Herbert sealing in floor being as a rookie? And do you see him actually being able to make an impact in the AFC West? Stack with talent, including my homes. So they got the Raiders Chargers, Raiders Chargers, Chiefs and O'Broncos. With Herbert, man, I feel like with the Tyrone Taylor, with him being over there with the Chargers, with Herbert, I feel like it's only a matter of time because I feel like the expectations right now for the Chargers are super low. I don't think that, I don't, I mean, of course, short coaches, fans and everything, they want the best for their team. But I don't think there's really any expectations for maybe Chargers fans, for even coaching staff, really. I don't think that, I think the expectations are really low. And of course you want to exceed those expectations, but I think the expectations are set pretty low right now. Because with Tyrone Taylor, he's obviously not that long-term guy. And I think it's gonna be a situation similar to how the Browns deal with Tyrone Taylor. To where they bring them in, they draft a QB high. And you just know that Tyrone Taylor is not gonna be there for long. And you just know that that rookie QB is gonna come in sooner or later this season. And Tyrone Taylor is gonna be put on the bench.  Because again, with this season being a low expectation season, it's like, what's the worst that could happen? He throw a couple of picks, but this is his chance to get acclimated and catch up to the game. Now, of course you do hope the best with Tyrone Taylor and whatnot, but that's what I would expect from them. Just the same, the sort of Brown situation, the same way they did it with Tyrone Taylor over there. Cause I feel like he's just, like he's like a band-aid on the wound for the charges. Now, as far as Herbert goes, I feel like with him, man, he got, who he, he got a Keenan Allen. He got Keenan Allen. He got, who Mike Williams to, you got him, he got some nice receivers. You got some nice options to throw to. I think Hunter Henry is on a franchise tag this year, I believe, and hopefully he can stay healthy. Oh, that is really the biggest thing with the charges. Hopefully they can all just stay healthy.  Cause it's the same thing every year. They get these crazy injuries and get like 10 of them in a day and it's sad, man. But it just all depends on how they build around them. It all depends on the offensive line, first and foremost that they put in front of them. It depends on his learning ability too. How quickly can he learn to read defense, NFL defenses? How quickly can he adjust from college to the pros? Cause it is a big difference. Everybody can't make the adjustment at the same speed. But as long as they provide them a good offensive line, he got some nice weapons to throw to. Some very nice weapons to throw to. But again, it all just depends on the charges organization. It depends on their franchise and how they build around him. As far as weapons is concerned, if Phillip Rivers is an example, or Drew Brees too, cause he used to be a charger too. But if Phillip Rivers is an example of how they can build around him then, hey, he'll be in pretty good shape, man. Cause the charges, they can put some teams together. But again, they go through these unfortunate injuries all the time. I think that's been a charge, the biggest problem been injuries, man. Injuries, injuries, injuries. But again, it all just depends on how they construct the team around him.  You know they gonna bring it. You got the Raiders. You never know what to expect from them. And then you got the Broncos.  They trying to find their niche. They trying to find us what makes us the Broncos. What is our identity gonna be? I think the charges, they're gonna be looking for their identity again now too. Especially with Phillip Rivers going and whatnot. That was their guy for such a long time. So we'll see how that goes. And then he said, when do you see Herbert taking the field as a full-time starter over Ty Robb? Like I said earlier, it's only a matter of time, man. I think it's only a matter of time because he, like I said, I think they're just waiting. They're just waiting.  So I would say around like week six to week seven. I'd say yeah, from week five to week seven, I think around there. Especially if the Chargers got a losing record by then. And especially if Ty Robb's struggling, I would say around like week five or six. But it just, it's so many different factors, but overall, I'm gonna just say between weeks five and week seven, I think around then. He said, I really enjoyed watching your channel and your consistency is impressive. Thanks, man. I appreciate that, Tyler. Thank you, man. Thank you for even watching it, man. I appreciate that. Next question, and the last question on this episode of NFL Questions from subscribers came from a boy, Sadiq. Oh, he said, what's up, bro? Got a quick question. When some people, usually Stephen A. Smith, comparing the Lamar Jackson to other quarterbacks, they always wanna take the running aspect out of Lamar's game and compare only the passing stats. They act like running can't be a part of a QB's game, even when the position is called quarterback, not throw or something like that. Quarterback, so maybe a quarter of the time QB should be running. You said, LOL, any time I get into a conversation between QBs and someone does this, it makes me wanna say stuff that ain't Team QB clean. Oh, so why do they wanna do that? I think they do that to try to discredit Lamar. Because it's like people, they try to look for so many different ways how they can discredit Lamar Jackson's ability and how they can just sort of knock him down. Because a lot of people don't wanna put him up there with Patrick Mahomes, with Russell Wilson, and Rodgers, Drew Brees, and blah, blah, blah. And obviously he gotta show consistency throughout his career. But to say that this dude isn't special or whatnot, it's just so, like Steven A. Smith would say that's blasphemy. But with Lamar, like a lot of people, they don't like his style, and with a lot of them, they wanna be right so bad that they will go to any extremes to be right.  Hey, great job on his part. A lot of people don't wanna do that. A lot of people wanna say, oh, it won't last. It won't be, it's not sustainable. He's gonna get hurt. He came through, he came this, he came that. When this dude ain't even reached his prime yet. He ain't reached his prime. He's headed there, but he ain't even reached it yet. So that's a beautiful thing. But they, I think it's just they do that so they have a reason, or they try to make a reason not to put him up there with other guys that are high up. And of course, he can't just have done it for one season and that be it. He has to continue doing it for more and more. But as far as last season, he did his thing, man. And just a lot of people, there were so many people who wrote him off after the first season, after his first, what, nine games, after that playoff game, oh yeah, this dude can't do nothing, this dude, oh yeah, he's done. He's done, that's a wrap. It's over for him. And then with so many of them, they were wrong and a lot of people don't like to admit when they were wrong. A lot of people don't like to admit that they were wrong, but a lot of these guys were wrong. And what happens, they like, you know what, since I don't wanna be wrong, let me try to move the goalposts a bit. Let me try to, okay, you know what? If he doesn't run, then he's not that good of a quarterback. He's not Lamar Jackson. If he doesn't run, it's like, why would you try it? Like that's like saying, oh, with Patrick Mahomes, he wouldn't be as good if he ain't throw the deep ball well. Like if you take away what a quarterback does so good, you take away certain attributes and characteristics of that particular quarterback, it's like, so what's the point in doing a comparison, man?   But what would be the point? What would be the point? So that's just, that's how it's gonna be with Lamar Jackson as you know, as you've experienced every, as we've all experienced and seen when people do the comparisons of Lamar Jackson and other people, it just is what it is. So that's that.


Representative DiCano is, as you might imagine, a very busy man, but he values 3D printing so much that he has graciously taken a few minutes to address you all here today. So I will turn over the microphone to Representative DiCano. Thanks so much. Good afternoon. Is there anyone here who can 3D prints a new air conditioning system? Oh my God, this is part of the capital. Well, I want to thank Public Knowledge and Fractured Atlas for hosting this event. So thank you very much both of you, both of those organizations. As the co-chair of the Congressional Maker Caucus, a bipartisan group of lawmakers working to support the maker movement, is my privilege to talk to you today about 3D printing, one of the fastest growing and most empowering maker technologies. A visit to Volcademy, a maker space in my district, first sparked my interest in the maker movement and 3D printing. I'm amazed by how much the technology has advanced since then. That was about three years ago. Now it is possible to print in glass, metal, and even rock. The last year, when NASA astronauts realized they needed a specific tool, they printed it up in space. 3D printing is part of the revolution in manufacturing that is transforming our lives. Children are designing and printing their own toys. We have a congressman who says to his own children, you can't have toys unless you make them. That's true. Families are personalized in their homes with their own creations. Sculptors are using CAD and printers to create original artwork. And makers are becoming entrepreneurs and taking their freshly printed ideas into the marketplace. This technology is even helping NGOs create affordable prosthetics for children. But we cannot capture the full value of 3D printing without a highly trained workforce that can fill these high tech specialized jobs. I believe that training should begin before high school graduation and we should offer students the training certifications and internships that prepare them for these jobs. Educators have the means to teach these skills through maker spaces set up in community centers, classrooms, and libraries. In addition to learning technical skills such as CAD, students who participate in making activities, learning collaboration, communication, and entrepreneurship, skills valued by employers. Learning through making will help fulfill jobs and companies that need workers who are trained to think differently about design and can work with multiple disciplines. Now I saw the future last month on a tour of a University of California Riverside lab where researchers are creating 3D printed building blocks that can be assembled to create custom instruments for biological and chemical testing. These instruments can replace far more expensive medical equipment not readily available in developing countries. If policy makers can come together in support of this technology, it will be a catalyst that redefines manufacturing and creates jobs here in America. I said this last year but it remains true this year. I am the only member of Congress with a 3D printer in his office. I am raising the bar and introducing the first and only congressional thingiverse page where you can download and print 3D files that we've created. Today I'd like to unveil the first 3D printed product that I'm putting up on that page. It is a plaque that reads Give Judge Garland a Vote. Check it out for yourself. Even better, print it out, put it on your desk and share a photo online. Thank you for being here today and being a part of this movement. Thank you. Thank you very much Congressman. We really appreciate you taking the time. We have two more panels left before we wind down the panel programming session in 3DDC 2016. This panel I'm very excited about. It focuses on 3D printing and bridging the workforce skills gap. We've got a really dynamic series of panelists here and I will turn things over to my public knowledge colleague Dallas Harris. Take it away Dallas. Maybe we can get someone in here to print Representative Takada one of those famous red pens for him to use next time he marks up something. Alright, so we're just going to jump straight into it. We don't have much time. I'm going to go ahead and let everyone introduce themselves and then we'll get right to the questions. First we have Diego Tamborini and he's from Autodesk, Diego. Thank you Dallas. Good afternoon everyone. My name is Diego from Autodesk. For those who don't know Autodesk, we are a software company. We develop software tools for anybody who wants to design and make things ranging from the enterprise to the maker in his or her garage. Of course, by being in this industry, manufacturing, we are very much into 3D printing and we have tools and software platforms to help with 3D printing. Great, thank you so much. Oh, I'm sorry. And I should mention that we were also very invested in skills and training. And proof of that is that all of our software is available for free for students, academic institutions or teachers of all levels. So for those students in the room, I'll give you a try. Alright, next we have Charlie Wapner from the American Library Association. Thanks, I'm Charlie Wapner, Senior Information Policy Analyst with the American Library Association's Office for Information Technology Policy. I know that's a mouthful. Our interest in 3D printing stems from the fact that 3D printing is rapidly taking off as a service in libraries and libraries are increasingly providing this service at low or no cost to the public. And so from our perspective, from iWork and iOI's policy office, we're focused on elucidating policy implications of 3D printing in the library context so that we can position our community to violating role in shaping the policy frameworks that are just now beginning to take shape around this technology. But people on the ground like Adam are very invested in building workforce skills through this technology and we're looking to be a partner with librarians on the ground. So it's a good opportunity to be hearing about what's going on on the ground in DC Public too. Great, and that leads perfectly into Adam Schaefer who works at the MLK Library here in DC. Adam! Hello, my name is Adam, I work down the street. Hello, my name is Adam, I work down the street for DC Public Library at the MLK branch. I help run our makerspaces there in the library, which all of you with DC library cards can come and access. We don't see that many people every day because it's really tiny room, but we do three orientations a week. Each orientation has about 30 people. I think we've oriented over like 500-600 people so far so that's how many people have the ability to come through and start actually reserving time on our machines with their library cards. You check out a printer, you check out time on the scanner or the laser or the mill or whatever it is you want to do. So my role is, somebody on one of the panels earlier said something about how we need like the Willy Wonka in each space to show you all the machines. I really feel like that dude, like I'm the Willy Wonka dude in the lab and I'll show you where everything is and what it does and maybe get you started. And then after that you're kind of on your own. So come see me down the street if you get some freedom. Great, thank you. And to my left we've got Gaston Merrill from TechShop. Hi, good afternoon. Gaston Merrill of TechShop DC Arlington. TechShop is a national chain of makerspaces, membership-based workshop. It can be a third technique studio, fabrication lab, whatever you want to call it. We have about a million dollars worth of tools and software and anyone who wants to come into the shop can take classes on how to use any of our machines and then they can build whatever they want. So our slogan is build your dreams here. I think that happens every day. Great, and last but certainly not least, we have Robin Giuliano from the National Economic Council at the White House. Hi, I'm Robin Giuliano, Senior Policy Advisor at the White House for the National Economic Council. What we do there, and to be honest I didn't know what they did until I got there, if you're wondering I was too, we coordinate economic policy across the federal government for the president so that making sure his agenda is implemented across all of the federal agencies. And actually, directly before that I worked here in the House of Representatives, so it's really great to be back. Alright, welcome back. So let's go ahead and just get right into it. Diego, if you could, from the manufacturing perspective, what does the skills gap look like? What kind of skills do you notice that employees are lacking? Sure. So I'll speak to manufacturing in general and many of the remarks I'm going to make apply to 3D printing. So it's really about digital manufacturing and advanced manufacturing and the new factory floor but it also applies to 3D printing which is the topic here. So there are two main areas that are going to require like a reshuffle of the skills needed. There is the group that develops or designs the things that are going to be 3D printed. So 3D printing really changes the approach towards design because it's very different to design something for 3D printing than it is to design it to a subtractive manufacturing or traditional methods, injection molding, etc. So that mentality needs to change and also understand what are the right things to 3D print. I mean, just as I wouldn't barbecue my ribs in the microwave, you wouldn't do everything with the 3D printed. So as the technology matures, our workforce needs to understand the difference. The other group is the one that actually operates the 3D printers. It's usually the worker who's actually in the factory floor who used to probably operate other types of machines. So that group is arguably the most impacted by the skills gap right now because, first of all, these are complex machines, particularly 3D printers. I mean, in the factory floor, you don't have the desktop maker bolts. You have these big machines that look like scary computers. So the operator of these machines, they need to know to a decent level computer programming, computer data design, digital numerical control, things like G-code and whatnot. So those are things that are relatively new to this force. 3D printing specifically is unique in that it doesn't have a counterpart in the whole world. So, for example, today, numerically controlled milling machines or lathes or jet cutters, they have a counterpart in the manual all world. 3D printers were born in digital, so there isn't a skill that is transferable. It's completely new. So to close my answer, specific skills. Of course, there is the stuff you can teach in school or vocational colleges or community colleges. Use the tools to design, operate the 3D printers. But more profoundly, the intellectual level of the new worker in the manufacturing needs to be higher, more analytical, more creative. It requires a different level of intellect if you want to, for example, figure out why this part didn't 3D print correctly. So things like that. And of course, things like in the maker movement and kids printing things in the local libraries, that's fantastic. I mean, that's going to go a long way towards at least getting people really interested in manufacturing, digital manufacturing, and more specifically 3D printing. Great. Thank you. Charlie, Diego kind of got into this just a little bit at the end of his answer there. But libraries are, you know, stable institutions in our communities. What role do you see libraries playing in helping bridge this work gap? Yeah, I think it all revolves around libraries as these informal learning labs. So it's useful to juxtapose what libraries do and what the school would do with a 3D printer. 3D printers are taking off in schools too. The difference is when you're using a 3D printer in a school, it's usually in connection with the established lesson plan of an instructor. When you're in a library, you're not beholden to the strictures of an instructor's lesson plan. So you're free to use a 3D printer in pursuit of learning whatever it is you're personally interested in. And I personally believe that 3D printing anything builds important workforce development skills because you're learning how to create a CAD model. You're learning how to manipulate printing and slicing software. You're learning how to just generally translate a digital model into a physical object. If you happen to be doing that in connection with something you're personally invested in, then I think the learning that happens as a result of that, the skills that you cultivate as a result of that, the neural connections that you build in the process actually become stronger. If you move back up to 10,000 feet beyond just 3D printing, you're learning libraries offer scores of classes and other activities around how to build, how to write a resume, how to write a cover letter, how to interview well, how to use social media in a professional environment. And we do it in a very non-judgmental, non-competitive atmosphere. The difference between libraries, all the incubators and accelerators do these things too. But the difference is in libraries, again, it's non-competitive, but it's also for university ubiquitous. In every community, every state, every county, every city, every school district. So we're not just in urban centers like accelerators and incubators, but we're in rural areas and urban areas and everywhere in between. We're in high-income areas and low-income areas and everywhere in between. So it's this universality coupled with this non-judgmental and non-competitive atmosphere overlaying with these digital technologies like 3D printers and laser cutters and CNC routers that are taking up in libraries now that I think set libraries apart as centers for worse development. Great, yeah, libraries clearly have an important role to play here. Adam, so you have the hands-on teaching experience at the MLK Library. Can you tell us about the classes? What kind of questions do you get from people, right? What are some reactions that you get from people who are new to 3D printing? So, depending on the age group, the questions can be very different. So if I'm working with kindergartners, the question is, you know, when can I have one? And then if I'm working with, like, I do programs with AARP and they'll be like, where does the paper go in the printer? So it could be anything in between those two things. But that's when I go out of the library. When I'm in the library, those classes are more stimulating because it's all those age groups sort of mixed together. So I might have a grandfather with his grandson.  Some people that just wandered it off the street. But they'll all be in there together. And it's, I think, one of the biggest problems is establishing a base level of computer skills because it's like, when I'm teaching that class, I have to assume a certain level of knowledge. Like, I have to assume you know the difference between left and right mouse click. I know that sounds silly, but, I mean, if you didn't go over here, if I say double click and they're like, double click what? The mouse. Yeah, that's the mouse. Double click it and they're like, which one? It's the left one. And I've spent like five minutes explaining the mouse and they're frustrated and it becomes this tiny block becomes this huge obstacle. And I think one of the biggest things I learned teaching these technology classes in my first year at the library was you have to anticipate those obstacles and that was particularly difficult from a position of, I grew up in a position of privilege.  My dad would give me one and say, take it apart. What if I break it? He's like, that's great. Okay, cool. So, you know, I broke a lot of computers, but I learned a lot about them. But if you never had one growing up, or if you never had access to one as a toy, you didn't have that privilege. And I sit you down and I'm like, all right, we're going to learn how to 3D print today, but first you have to design or download this thing from a website. So, if I say to Charlie, Charlie, go to Chrome, go to Thingiverse, download the STL. And he's going to be like, cool, he's going to do it, probably a two minute process, less depending on his internet connection. Hopefully, I get people in class who I say, all right, sit down on a computer and go to here to get this model and how do I get to there? And it's like, oh, crap, that's, one level is heartbreaking, another it looks like it's a really fun challenge, because now I've got this end goal, and there's a goal post that's not going to move. It's a really tangible goal post for this class. At the end of this class, your reward is this 3D printed Yoda figure. And this is what you're going to get. But to get there, you're going to have to learn basic graphic user interface interactions. What we're going to do is, this is an icon, we're going to double click on this. We're going to learn about the universal resource locator bar. It's like the address on your house. You're going to type in the address, you're going to go there. Now you're going to ask for packets from the internet by clicking on the download link. And then, wow, you have this model, let's print it. There's the end goal. So lots of unexpected teaching happens whenever I'm trying to, I'm going to teach you the 3D print, but in the process, we're going to learn all these other things. I just learned what URL stands for. I have no idea. Am I the only one? Okay. Okay. I'm going to forget it in five minutes. Universal resource locator. Clearly, there's a different level of understanding for different groups. And it's not just broken down by age group, but where you might come from, economic status. GAD has been working with a particular group of veterans. They comprise a large group that are impacted by the skills gap. And TechShop has been partnering with the VA. Could you tell us about that partnership and how it's working to reduce the workforce skills gap among veterans? Sure. So TechShop fills kind of an interesting space somewhere in between what Adam and Charlie were just describing and what Diego was talking about, where we have a giant playground full of tools and equipment and anyone can come use that. People who do use professional CNC machines all day long, they're highly skilled. We have people who need to be taught how to save money. They have no exposure to the technology, the tools they're going to need. So we have a huge range there. And veterans have been a really interesting component of that. So our partnership with the VA, it was the VA Center for Innovation. They sponsored 2,000 memberships for veterans so they could get a year of access to TechShop and $350 in credit for classes. So they can come to the shop and it's a very simple application process. They can just go online, verify their service through an independent website, and then come to the front desk, sign up, and they're good to go, they're in the door. They can pick whatever classes they want, they can decide on a project for themselves. It was completely self-guided. And obviously with that you have a wide range of results and I should say also the GE was in the partnership too. They also sponsored an additional 1,000. And this was in eight locations across the country for the last couple of years. And I'm happy to say they were all awarded, all 3,000 memberships, and it was very successful. It's been very, very cool results. I felt like I was saying when it's self-guided, you get a really interesting mix of people and I think that's probably the coolest thing about it. You have people who want to build a new dining room table and that is their sole goal and they don't really care about anything else. And they learn woodworking, they learn maybe a little bit of digital design, but primarily it's a table. Sometimes they'll come in and they'll have a product already in mind, something that they want to turn into a business.  You have resources to prototype, like free printing in particular. You have injection molding equipment, you have computer-controlled mills and lathes and all this sort of stuff. You can produce anything. You have people who have reinvented themselves to sell crafts that they build in the shop. You have people who have prototyped electrical adapters so you can charge your cordless power tools all from the same base station. You know, really a tremendous variety. And Robin, kind of from the large-scale federal perspective, can you give us a little taste of what the administration is doing to work to close that workforce skills gap and prepare the American workforce for the economy of the future? Sure. So there are two things that I wanted to highlight. First is, in 2014, the President called, issued a call to action and tasked the Vice President with doing a massive review of the federal job training programs across the government. And, you know, I've been working in government for a while and one of the challenges is people are in silos and so you have different agencies very familiar with their own processes and the populations they serve and the programs they run. And that, you know, there are job training programs at the VA but there also is one at the Department of Labor and we need to talk more and we need to align these programs so that they are making more sense from a holistic perspective. And so as a result of that review, a report was issued and presidential memorandum went out to address this coordination. So that was the first thing and then the second is that some of you might be familiar with the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act. That's the law that governs our public workforce system. The last time it had been reauthorized so it was reauthorized in 2014 the last time before that was 1998. So a lot had happened clearly between almost 20 years and one of the really exciting things that that act is doing is it requires coordination across, again, breaking down silos across education, vocational rehabilitation labor, commerce. It brings all of these strings together so that we're looking at these challenges such as the skills gap from a multifaceted point of view and some of the most successful and exciting partnerships that I've seen that are addressing the skills gap and training people for high demand, high growth jobs that lead to living wages. You have everyone at the table and it's easy to put that in the law to say everyone needs to talk but it's difficult to actually make that happen in practice but I think that is really the secret sauce to making this work. Another piece of that that we're very excited about from the administration's point of view is increasing access and using data. There's a lot of data out there in federal databases that either just sitting there is not accessed but could be access for a variety of reasons and we're talking to a lot of states that are implementing this new WIOA which is the acronym for the Workforce Law now they're hungry for it which is really exciting because that means they want to know where the jobs are businesses want to know where the people are and so data is the glue that kind of helps keep this all together so we are the Workforce Innovation Act past in 2014 but we are in the process of implementing our final regulations over the next couple of months which will mean the Act will really be taking off and running and there's a lot of energy and excitement right now in the field of workforce development as a result of both the Vice President's review and WIOA so we're really excited about that. Please tell the President and the Vice President thank you the next time you see them. I'm just going to open up a couple of questions to the whole panel and then I'll throw it out to you all for a question or two. For anyone who wants to answer how is 3D printing going to change the way we work? Diego please. Well if you listen to the hype in many many many ways but I do agree with a lot of it. One of the things that has already impacted the way we work particularly when we develop products, designers and manufacturers is the allowing the ability to rapidly prototype your ideas. That's arguably the most impactful thing right now because it's just a spurs creativity you get the instant gratification of what you had in the monitor and you can touch it and discuss it with your peers and potential customers so that prototyping is great. The other big impact will be in the nature of things that we design so the shapes that can be achieved with 3D printing are completely different. So you'll see designers designing things that look more organic that look more natural and not just because aesthetics but also because in many cases they perform better, they're lighter so you'll see progressively designers changing because 3D printing has allowed them to make it possible. So like I said as far as the way we work on the high part, the part that I don't subscribe to is that it's going to replace everything in the factory and our grammars will be 3D printing stuff in the house probably but it's just the wrong approach it's the wrong way to view 3D printing 3D printer at the end of the day is an additional toolbox, a tool in your toolbox so there are things that will be you couldn't do before that now you can do with 3D printing but if I have to produce 100,000 rubber doggies I will not 3D print them I will still injection mold them so it's going to change of course for the better in the house, in your household the whole thing of personal manufacturing that is called you'll probably see more and more and that's not in the way we work granted but you'll see more people for example downloading a model from GE appliances to replace something that broke in the refrigerators as opposed to going to Home Depot to the GE appliances website and talking to someone I'll just print it, right? so those things are coming they're already in the most adventurous type of people they're already doing that anybody else want to take that picture? I agree with pretty much everything Diego just said but I think they're also valuable in terms of an educational tool the way you explain something at work like is it John and Becky in this morning how they printed some kind of hyperbolic function a mathematical model that you just can't really look at or draw with a pencil in favor you can print that out and show it to someone and say look it's like this if you have a complicated and expensive part that needs to be repaired and you want to show someone at work how to repair it you might not want to take the one out of service and take it apart and risk damaging it you can print a model of it you can print an instructional tool I just wanted to say I think the extent to which 3D printing changes the way we manufacture things will be highly dependent on the extent to which we support efforts that are already ongoing particularly I'm thinking about the National Advertisement Manufacturing Institute so there's a facility in Youngstown, Ohio it's a national facility dedicated to advancing 3D printing as a manufacturing technique it's part of the Obama Administration it's a larger, broader advanced manufacturing initiative and it's co-branded as America Makes and America Makes has already been working with us and I know with others and so these efforts are already underway and I think we need to all of us at this table probably all of us in this room should get behind the efforts that are already ongoing Go ahead please This is more about the prototype to the product pipeline Can you speak up please sir This question is about the prototype to product pipeline but I think there's a workforce skills angle here because you need people with skills to make it possible for someone to design something your prototype and then push a button and get 100 drop ships in a nice package for sale there's a lot of infrastructure and a lot of people need to support that infrastructure is there a few Hello Yes so we have had and I was surprised we have had several people come through the library who were working on patents and they're inventors and this is very uncomfortable So they're working on patents and they come there was one guy in particular he's like I'm leaving for Brazil today and I need this prototype printed okay you obviously don't know how long it takes to print things but let's see what you got and so he shows me the model and he's like I've got a guy in China who engineered this for me and I've got a factory tool ready to pump these suckers out if I can get an initial investment and I'm like okay show me the prototype and it was a modified chip clip that's small and printable and it was right when Snowden released off the NSA spying stuff and it was a clip that went over the computer on your laptop and all I could think of was just use a piece of tape but he was dead set on this thing being like revolutionizing private safety and so he's like I need this prototype now because some people are super interested in it I've got the manufacturer, I've got the designer and now I've got investors and I'm like who's gonna invest in this thing that sounds crazy and mind you this is like week one of us having a 3D printer our first one and I'm sure some of us have saw stories about the 3D systems Cubax Trio not working out a box but we had that sucker working finally so I printed it out for him and he took three prototypes and he did a pitch to his investors and then he comes back super tan and happy from Brazil like a month later he's like hey it worked he's gonna listen to my pitch and I'm like you never tell anybody he's like oh yeah so I got on the show Shark Tank and so he went on Shark Tank with these printed prototype chip clips that he was gonna put on laptop computers to prevent NSA spying with these prototypes that he printed at the library for like 30 cents and so they ripped them apart on Shark Tank but so many people were like hell yeah that's a great idea I want a clip from my computer so the pipeline was completed like he had in a weird order but he had he'd gone from like design and concept to getting the factory to getting the patent he seriously patented this chip clip to getting the prototype to getting the investor and we were the 3D printer in the library were an integral part in his pipeline as weird as it was but it worked so let's open to the whole panel but I think Diego and Rod will be particularly interested in this what more could both the private and public sector be doing to close the workforce skills gap or are we already there actually I have one more thing to say for your comment too if that's okay please one of the areas that we've been really focusing is investing in sector strategies where you get employers in a region that have similar needs together and they can agree on what skills do they need for their for their businesses and then when you align that with K through 12 your career and technical education system your community colleges and so the community colleges are talking to the employers and the employers are saying hey can you develop a curriculum that matches what we need and you know and again this is the ideal gold standard of when this all works together but that's something that we've had different great competitions and the workforce act as well is trying to lift up sector strategies as a solution to the skills pipeline so sorry no that's okay what more could both the private and public sector be doing to bridge the workforce skills gap well again the Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act key members of the boards that are created by that act are businesses and private sector members and they are critical to making this work I mean if you don't know what they need and then businesses need you know what are you then training individuals for to fill you know are you sending people down dead ends where there are no jobs and you're just saying they've wasted time and money consumers have wasted time and money on these programs and so the boards were strengthened again through this act so we're very excited about that another question that we wrestle with is you know how you know there are the public dollars for federal for workforce training and how do you get and encourage more apprenticeships and which is where more employers are offering skin in the game and contributing money to the skills training on the job training so we've had a huge apprenticeship as well we announced $175 million last fall I believe which large chunk is going out to advance manufacturing Congress just approved which was very exciting a landmark investment for 90 million for apprenticeships but again we're wrestling with this question and trying to incentivize more private engagement but also just sitting at the table and sitting down with people is really critical great yeah go ahead please be sure to speak up I want to make sure that I understood what Gail was saying about like in a manufacturing setting about like an employee using an extruder versus like a 3D printing machine and potentially even have a moist bill to control that yeah I mean what I meant is that the the way to interface with a 3D printer is completely different than the way that you will interface with a more traditional manufacturing equipment so for example numerically controlled machines including 3D printers your interaction with them is normally through some sort of computer or graphical user interface whereas the traditional machine you just pull levers and push buttons and so the interaction is different and also when something goes wrong say a machine part has some defect or something figuring out what caused the problem is different from say a 3D printer where you probably have to trace it back to the computer model or probably something that got lost in the file translation or whatever whereas if it's a manual drill or cutter you did something wrong when you were using it it's a little bit more straightforward Is it the same workforce that's transitioning? So potentially yes I mean there are a lot of factors age and education probably the group that is going to suffer the most in that transition is the one that doesn't want to upgrade their skills right? But if the person or the individual has the drive and the intellect to pick up these things regardless of age in my opinion they can make the transition now of course 10, 20 years from now a kid who's today playing a tech shop or the library they'll have a leg up I mean because they play with this stuff 3D printers since they were little kids so it's going to be more natural to them but I think that anybody can make the transition given enough interest and drive You guys are reading my mind I'm going to throw it back out to you guys for a couple questions but I just want to ask one really quickly since it follows perfectly on what we were just discussing do you all think we should be focusing on training the next generation or retraining our current workforce and please anyone feel free to jump in I would just say I think it needs to be everybody I think if you look at 3D printing one interesting thing I mean it's not a new technology by any means it's been around since the 1980s but at least from my perspective is somebody who works on public policy I see that it's just now beginning to gain some real traction in the private sector among institutions like schools, museums and libraries and among government decision makers it's a stable and federal level and so I don't think that young people have I mean young people don't have a prohibitively large head start in leveraging 3D printers to innovate so I think to wall off the innovative capacity of a whole cohort of Americans because they happen to carry an ARP card or collect Social Security is doing us all a real disservice we need to harness the energy of the creative energy and the innovative capacity of people of all ages I mean I look at my dad is 63 and he the baby boomer the baby boomers are retiring he traveled across the country in the 60s in a BW van again he went across overseas and taught trans-devil meditation they're not really going to retire I mean they have a lot of pent up energy they're going to want to release toward productive pursuits so why shouldn't we channel that energy toward building things through 3D printing innovating through 3D printing I think it's imperative that we do that yeah Diego is it worth teaching them right click from left click well yeah I don't think it's an or issue I mean you don't have to settle on this one I mean of course like the approaches the teaching methodologies and even the purpose right if you're teaching a kid who's going to college 3D printing at least the idea is that he or she will apply that and make it a profession whereas if his dad will probably be more for a hobby it's less likely that they're going to produce something for a war force or for a company probably I'm saying it's more for a personal fulfillment but this is not an or issue I don't see why we have either the old dogs or the new kids no it can be both there has to be different approaches and different outcomes Adam? in my experience both has been the most successful especially both at the same time because if there are skills gaps but all the skills are just in the same room they tend to co-teach each other especially around a really fun project and there's something universally wonderful a novel about 3D printing that sort of strips away any layers of this interest and sort of reignites that curiosity it's just so new to both kids and older adults that when I'm teaching them they just sort of all open up the curiosity interest because it's just such a new cool thing and they can really sort of explore and ask questions without feeling silly because there are some right answers but most answers are this and that or this or that or all of these things together and no one really has wrong answers except you should never touch the extruder when it's hot that's always a bad idea but other than that it's an open ballgame and it's just awesome watching them learn together so you'll get senior citizens and with teenagers and outside of the lab they might hate each other actively but inside the lab all they want to do is just print lightsaber hills and that's something they share and they'll do it together and it's super fun so the age doesn't matter anymore just what's really fun like what sort of really fun cool thing can we do with this super cool new thing that's in front of me Star Wars bringing this all together I'm going to start with this gentleman back here Hi, yes I have 10 3D printers and I can confidently say that I am making America great because I have brought a lot of manufacturing here I'm a product designer before I used to send whatever design that needs to be manufactured to China so inventors would come to me and just the shipping back from China was like $50 and I would have to wait 3 weeks and the part would be wrong and it would be redesigned now with my 3D printers I'm able to create these parts within a matter of few hours and to address your questions about labor and training it's really whoever wants it there's an old generation that doesn't want to there's nothing you could do about it I could understand the left right click thing I was consulting General Dynamics years ago the head of the M1 tank division did not know how to use a mouse he didn't want to learn anything with computers in that situation you need to separate desktop printers from industrial printers now the skill required to run a 3D printer is not as the learning curve I should say is faster than using the old traditional machines if you have an industrial printer you're not allowed to repair it there are usually 100 to 500 thousand to a million dollars in industrial printers you have to pay 10 to 15 thousand just on maintenance for somebody to come out and fix it with the library and I have desktop printers too I'm in Virginia by the way 3dhubs.com is a world website where you can locally find 3D printers that have small 3D printers or industrial level but I could repair my own printers so I taught that myself and if I had traditional tools and so forth I would have to hire technicians and so forth so it really depends on what kind of 3D printer you have and what kind of interest the person has in terms of what generation wants to learn and just to announce next year I am going to open up a technical school in Virginia for 3D printing I went to aviation high school had four periods of shop I had a lot of hands on experience and I got a mechanical engineering degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and I learned more in a high school shop than I did at a 120 thousand dollar degree at that time that this vocational and whatever the White House and government is doing they really have to focus on a new generation to really go back to vocational hands on to bring that manufacturing back to this country. Great thank you we have just a couple more minutes one more question and I may reserve it for myself let's see do we have any congressional staffers in the room one staffer okay well then I'll allow you guys to ask the question then I'll be generous go ahead I just want to do a metaphor in your title 3D printing and bridging okay you're using the word bridging which we 3D makers use all the time in order to allow the filler to go across so I think this is a metaphor for what we need to do with the workforce skills gap we need some support structures and meshes everybody who is using 3D printers knows what I'm talking about you need something to hold up the people while they learn the skills great great guys just like Adam we're doing just that and we're going to close in just one minute but Adam I know you have one other story of a friend of yours who came to the library you were telling us on the phone and I want to kind of close with that so that everyone can have a feel good for the next panel did you ever get your your cat piece yes we for a couple hours but thank you Adam and good to see you Aira Aira's house the stories you're referring to are we supposed to substitute names I guess that's up to you okay my friend Mike he's probably in the lab right now um Mike is currently homeless he lives on the streets and Mike was one of my first students so when I first started teaching 3D printing 101 and 3D modeling 101 like three years ago and 3D modeling 101 consisted of let's make a tinker cat account and we're going to make a snoopy house make a block and you're going to put a roof on it group them together you did it now let's print it and that was it that was the whole class and it was great like people had little snoopy houses with their initials on them and that was their thing and Mike came to that class and he made a snoopy house and you know it wasn't very good but he was super excited about it he was so pumped and he just never stopped so he came to my classes dozens of times and remind you material every time I might have some new jokes or new stories but it's still the same program but he just kept taking them over and over and he just kept getting better and better and over the years we just kept getting more and more printers and it eventually got a little ridiculous when you walk into the library you probably remember this you walk into the digital console where we used to be and there were all these megrobots sort of like crowded in this catastrophic like aircraft carrier and making all this noise and it was a mess so we lobbied for it on space so that's where we got our fabrication lab and the first person through the door was Mike and I'm like Mike what the hell's up man how are you doing he's like I'm ready to print some stuff so he was one of the first people I trained on the printer and I can teach you how to use a 3D printer in like under an hour it's not particularly difficult to get a model onto the printer and going everything after that it's going to take more time because a lot of times you have to wait for it to break first and then be like ah now we're going to talk about why it's broken but Mike was there in the door and he had all these designs he'd been working on for years and he showed me the designs and you could see that the skills improved over time and I like to think it was from my class but it probably was just from them playing around and I was happy to see that most of them were Star Wars related and but it was all jewelry like R2D2 necklaces R2D2 earrings and all this other stuff and he just started printing away like crazy and making all of this 3D printed jewelry that he customized and started selling it on the street to people and he still does that today, you can see him all over town and you'll have this incredible unique jewelry that he's made but he's like made it from point zero with an empty build plate on a computer all the way it's where he's you know end point where he's pulling it off of the build plate and he's done that all himself almost all self taught but um that's an entire new set of job skills that he learned at the library and I didn't necessarily teach him all those skills but I was there to kind of usher him in like the wizard at the gate like come on in Mike we've got all this stuff here I can't hold your hand man but if you're willing to you know fail a whole bunch eventually you're going to succeed and get something cool so now he's got lots of somethings that are cool and he'll sell them to you at a reasonable price if you see him on the street and if we could give our panel a round of applause


Man, I'm loving the opportunity, you know, got to thank God just to be here. I have to credit the guys up front, the old line, and the other 10 guys on the field. I thought they did a really good job which is blocking for me and finishing longer than got with the ball, obviously. Thought we did a good job of that all night. It was very important, you know, I'm just here trying to define my role, earn the respect of the veterans and just, you know, play wherever they need me to play. I feel like, yeah, pretty much. Not to make comparisons, but I think I'm doing a pretty good job. It starts with our discipline. You know, it's not going to be perfect every time, but the goal is to make it perfect and just continue to work at practice and get better every day of the week, you know, one of the day. Some years, probably since high school. Yeah, so I enjoy it though. I enjoy the game. I enjoy every aspect, offense. If I can play defense, special teams, you know, I'm out there. Oh yeah, like I said, I'm just trying to define my role and show these guys I can play, play football, earn the respect of the veterans. Like yeah, like I said, last week, there's leads by example, Derek, Darrington, Jeremy, Brian, you know, those guys are like extra coaches for me. So we kind of help each other out and give each other coaching points. Like, you know, if I'm running, they may see something that I don't see. So we just pretty much help each other out. And yeah, all those guys are older than me. So I just follow their lead and just try to be better every single day, be a better version of myself. As far as offense, I feel like you need to be ready to go when your number's called. You know, I'm around my coach all the time. Special teams helps as well to keep my legs going. So I'm not cold on the sideline, but I'm pretty much ready to go every time my number's called.


I'd say awkwardness. Hi everyone, this is Dr. Wallace. Today I'm going to ask you, what makes you smile spontaneously? You're friends. Yeah, yup. My friends, and food. Candies and Oreos and ice cream. Just food. Food makes me smile. What makes me smile spontaneously is just like other people smiling. It just feels nice that there's a happy vibe going on in the air, and it just gives me a reason to be happy. And when someone smiles at me, I smile back because I feel happy. I think my friend, every time I see her, it just makes me smile because of how she is with me, like personality-wise and humor-wise. My little sister.  Yeah, I love her. My family and anyone who's like genuinely polite and gives compliments. My friends. Your friends. Smart choice. Being with friends, yeah. When I get a text from any of my close friends, I'm really happy. I just want to see what they're going to talk to me about. Do you have the same reaction when it's a text from your parents? No. My family makes me smile. I love being with them as many times as it makes me happy. See your dad? Yeah. Do you love your dad? Yeah. I would say when I see small children just doing their thing, running around, anything, it makes me smile. I'd say awkwardness. And I'm smiling right now. And also, sometimes little kids falling, but not actually getting hurt. And then also probably my cats and dog. And yeah, friends. Dogs, babies, children. In nature, there are so many things that I can spot spontaneously and make me smile. Like a squirrel doing something and then run away from me or looking at me. Be aware of me. And then I'm aware of it. And it's a contact. That is, it makes me smile. Good music? Probably dogs or it's like fun, upbeat music. I love the San Jose earthquakes. They make me smile like whenever I see them. Oh, it's a soccer team in San Jose. A good act of kindness. Spontaneous jokes. Like jokes that has come out of nowhere, but they're hilarious. Grand children's joy and being with them.


Libertarians take a dark view at anti-discrimination laws and public accommodation laws that say if you open your business to the public you've got to serve everybody. Does this case fundamentally challenge or engage that kind of issue? Well it brushes past it and I'll say by way of background that exactly half the states currently have public accommodation laws in which sexual orientation or gender identity are one of the protective categories. So by that definition half of America was already a hellscape. I'll go along with your term for gay people or else you may not notice it because in fact in those other 25 states it's very hard to find any actual instances in which other than with wedding services and a couple of very narrowly defined controversies very difficult to find any difference in in treatment. Libertarians you're right you're absolutely right have a I think justified suspicion of the attempt to use public accommodation laws to override the independent judgment of businesses of how to serve and I say brushed against it because both the majority and the minority in the 303 creative case did turn to history. There were questions which may shed light on whether public accommodation laws were a fairly rare and exceptional thing or were something that were completely accepted even in the grand old libertarian classical liberal period. It was certainly accepted that some businesses like inns to stay the night in a country when you might freeze to death if they wouldn't take you in were under a public accommodation obligation. We do know that about Anglo-American history and some others closely related in the hospitality business. What about someone who would fix your shoes? What about someone who would bake you a kick? Well the majority brushes by theory that if you look at old instances where classical liberal society has accepted the public accommodation idea the idea that businesses undertook a particular accommodation that aside from the hospitality on the road cases they were very often monopoly cases. If you're going to give a company a monopoly over something you darn well are going to give them an obligation to serve every single customer and then the dissent by Sotomayor said oh no no no by the time she was done talking about it you would really would think that every single person who ever offered any services or products was under a public accommodation's obligation which I think is not actually true if you go back to the old law books. So they both found it worth engaging and yet on one level it what they said does not change the sweep of these laws it does leave me the opportunity to say as a libertarian the stakes of social division go down if you don't define every single florist and calligrapher as a public accommodation if you take a reasonable view that you know some things are big and public enough like theaters that there is some sort of public stigma in not being allowed but if you try to extend it to every little one person in business you are going to have more social division you just are. Can I ask Wally as a gay man who I believe is married correct? Well Steve thinks so. Okay good job.  I mean like how do you respond to that on an individual level? Well I there's a great line from Zora Neale Hurston about being discriminated against you I can't imagine she said why people would want to deprive themselves of the delight of my company Now that is a confident person's response to being discriminated against obviously she lived in bad circumstances in the South and she knew perfectly well that there was more and worse to be had from discrimination but I love the attitude because especially when the discrimination is just symbolic and is not actually causing you to not be able to get the job or the home or whatever you just brush it off as people who haven't learned what they need to know about the world it's um and and here we get to the series of cases involving masterpiece cake shop and the flowers case and now the website case which is it's very hard to find any of those cases in which gay people getting married or these date back to the point where you couldn't get married and it was just uh solemnizing a relationship very hard to find any of these instances in which the people didn't have lots of other good choices of people who would gladly observe their business and uh so again it gets me thinking about Zora Neale Hurston uh are you just trying to see in order to make a point? Yeah uh Zora Neale Hurston is somebody who we can all do we can all benefit from uh you know thinking about a lot more and looking at her life as certainly her literary output but but there's a real sense of tragedy there and Coleman I know that you're familiar with Zora Neale Hurston who you know was uh also a uh Columbia student uh back in the day and studied with Franz Boas and the anthropology department and suffered real massive indignities is that uh you know on the account of both her gender and her race but I mean is it that we are in a stage now and it's always you know uh uh it you know we're always declaring victory way too soon in all kinds of wars right but like is it the world that she lived in and that level of anger and hate and contempt for sexual minorities for racial minorities for ethnic minorities is that mostly behind us and is that something that we need to incorporate into our contemporary discussions of things? It's interesting I'm of two minds on this on the one hand I think we have made massive progress in people's attitudes towards minorities racial minorities sexual minorities etc on the other hand I don't think that these bigger trees will ever be gone fully and permanently I think I think human nature has a bigoted element to it that is reducible but not eradicable and and uh at some level we're going to be living with some amount of racism some amount of homophobia until the end of time and we should while combating it we should understand that. Yeah um Wally can I ask from uh you know and again this is going back into the you know kind of libertarian subculture people like Milton Freedman talked about this as well as a wide variety of other people whose motivations may not have been as clear or as pure I think as Freedman's but um you know there is an argument and I guess Gary Becker also made this another Nobel Prize-winning economist saying you know that businesses that discriminate in a stupid and foolish way or in you know will actually be punished by markets operating um so you know that that 303 creative you know probably uh isn't that good a website anyway or or will lose enough business uh you know that uh companies that refuse to hire women or blacks or you know Latinos who were good workers um you know end up paying more higher wages for shittier workers and things like that is it is it more than theoretical to say that you know markets relatively free markets actually punish discriminatory behavior it's a big topic Nick and I can offer particular examples that back up uh Milton Freedman's suggestions uh it's well known I think that in the south during Jim Crow uh railroads and others who needed a lot of skilled labor uh were uh constantly seeing if they could undermine Jim Crow because it was denying them access to a lot of workers who would have done very well and the it gets complicated because as Coleman said sometimes you've got a background of real social prejudice in that has not been eradicated and markets can sometimes transmit that in that if big customers won't visit your restaurant or whatever so I don't want to make sweeping assertions I think that um courts by and large uh decide and should decide the cases on other bases where these things come in again is every one of those stayed in local anti-dissumination and public accommodations laws was passed um through a legislative process in which people could waive some of these things and I urge people again as someone who not not just from my libertarian standpoint but as someone who doesn't want to see social divisiveness um you know that's the time to go in and say uh are you legislating just to demonstrate your virtue or is there really some social uh problem that is solved by extending it from um old style public accommodations to every single little one person operation but you would agree that public accommodation laws which do restrict the right of businesses to operate however they see fit are actually beneficial in certain cases or well I would say from a libertarian standpoint um I'd follow I think this is the Richard Epstein analysis I'd like to uh confine them to the cases where there is a practical monopoly uh ironically uh inns to stay for the night which were effectively uh a practical if not a a royally granted monopoly um centuries ago you know with Airbnb uh it you know not not at all but you know I don't mind for utilities and I can see at least their point of if someone is going to freeze the death of saying the in is uh freighted with a special public interest but I would make it as um I would make it a demanding test that wouldn't result in very many public accommodations laws that was an excerpt from our recent live stream with Walter Olson of the Cato Institute and Coleman Hughes talking about recent court decisions dealing with affirmative action and whether or not website operators had to serve gay couples if you want to see another excerpt go here if you want to see the full thing and you should go here