Good evening. Hello. Thank you everyone for coming. I'd like to introduce to you someone who has appeared on the stage 17 times before who's also asked me to let you know that he has worked very very hard on this presentation. Please give a warm welcome to Steve Goodwin. Thank you so as that part of the slide says my name is Steve and as that part says I'm a bit of a geek. If we're all in the correct room, and I really hope we all are, for the next 50 minutes I'm going to talk about FOSDEM and how it's changed and how it hasn't changed over the last 20 years. I'm going to start off with the origins going back to 2001. Go through the middle years and then the sort of the later years when things have kind of settled down a bit. And I'm so happy it started in 2001. It makes counting how many FOSDEMs there have been so much easier. No gatepost errors. So where do we start? Who am I? What have I done that's so impressive to me that I deserve to be on this stage? So we have a slide saying who I am or as it should be called the ego slide. This is where the speaker gets to brag about themselves for 20 minutes while everyone else is forced to listen. Not in this case. These are the stuff I've done. Oh that's me with hair and a smile. Neither exist anymore. So I've been to all of these FOSDEM thingies. I've given a stack of talks. I've done little things, bigger things. But the thing that's important is what's not on that slide. Nothing on there says I am FOSDEM staff. I've never worked for them. I've never been a volunteer. All I've done is just turned up. So everything you see is based on my personal experience of turning up and going wherever there was a free dev route. So where did it start? Well it started with this little email. Wednesday, December the 6th at 11 o'clock in the morning. I hope you don't consider this as spam as I think lots of you could be interested by this. This is in the pseudo users mailing list. Now I'm a user of pseudo but I would never consider joining the mailing list. But there are enough people apparently on that mailing list that thought that's a good idea. We should do that. And that's the first line. That's the bit that I quite like. I hope you don't consider this as spam. This essentially is the Linux tool valves, our version of Linux tool valves just for fun. This is the thing that started it. If this mail had got itself into a kill file or a spam folder, none of us would be here right now. So it's because of that bit that we're kind of lucky. So as we say, the origins were in 2001 and it started in Brussels and it's always in Brussels and I'm kind of happy that it is because the very first indexing system was created in Brussels. Wasn't Google? It was the Mundanium in 1934 by Paul Oclet. He had groups of people going through every single book they could find and creating indexes of everything in those books. It was a slow manual version of Google but it worked and it was created here. So I'm very happy that it's here. I'm also happy that it's free to attend. Not because of the money aspect. This is free as in freedom, not free as in beer. By the time you're taking into account the hotels and the travel, an extra tenor for a conference is nothing. But for someone that doesn't have that, that puts a barrier to entry and by having it free to end it's always been a barrier. Forget I said that bit. Can we get it out of the live stream? No, we can't. So there was a registration but no one really used it and it started as Olstem rather than Olstem by Raphael Baudin. Is there anyone Belgian in the audience? How's this pronounced? How's it pronounced? Raphael Baudoin. Thank you. Oh sorry, what's your name? Raphael Baudoin. Thank you, thank you. So thank you for coming along. Thanks for inviting me. So glad we can pronounce your name now. You started this in 2001. Yes. Why? Well, at that time it was the big boom of free software and open source and Linux was growing in the enterprise. Before that Linux was not used. It was not considered serious enough to be used in the enterprise. But then it started growing and there were conferences but those conferences were rather commercial. You had a Linux expo in Paris but I went there and I mean I felt like not comfortable there. I wanted to hear technical talks, meet people, meet developers and there you had people in suits and talking commercial. It didn't interest me. And when coming back I thought well let's try something and it started in November 2000 trying to get people to come along. It was, yeah, not envisioned to grow that big at that time. So it sounds like it was intended to be fun. It was intended to be fun from the start because we are whole ear to have fun, no? No? Yeah? Okay, so we want to enjoy the weekend. I wanted people coming to the weekend enjoy the time here. That's why we have some serious talks about technical stuff and some less serious things like the free software song, the full-stim dance. Hang on, wait, wait, wait. Full-stim dance? Well, people know it, people know it. You know it, no? Does anyone want to see the full-stim dance? Do you want to do the full-stim? I see that coming, yeah. Okay. The key thing for the full-stim dance is to be relaxed, okay? No stress. I give you the microphone. And how did it start? Well, it started by Damien Sanderas, which is known from Echiga. He was one of the first involved in the organization. And he was doing a lot, like most of us at that time because the team was very small. And he said, yeah, you know, the full-stim weekend, it's always like running, running, running, running, running. And that's how we started the full-stim dance. Now you know everything. So I was going to ask, actually, as well, the first ones must have been difficult to organize if no one had ever heard of it. Yeah, yeah, indeed. It really started from nothing. So the concept was clear from the beginning. It was a technical conference for developers, by developers. But then you have to get people to the event. And to get the people to the event, you have to organize something, have talks. And to have people interested in the talks, you try to get people that are known. And that's where you start to get some problems because how do you get people to a known conference? Well, that's why it started the weekend that was right before the Linux conference in Paris. I thought that would be easier to get known people to the conference. And it kind of was, but then you had the problem of getting those people over. You had travel costs, hotel costs. And it was very hard to get some sponsoring for the first event. But then I had the luck that it was the boom of Linux in the enterprise. There were some companies that made big IPOs at that time. And one of these companies was via Linux. And they had a Belgian there for the commercial side. And they decided to support for them, which was called Osdem at the time. And that's how we got a lot of via Linux employees at the conference. And we had the possibility to invite a lot more speaker and paying their travel. And that's how we had some big name like Rasmus Leverdorf from PHP. We had Rastaman. We had Theodor from Nmap. So that's really helped a lot to get people speakers at the event. And once you have well-known people speaking at the event, well, you have interest growing. And in the end, when the event started, we didn't know how many people would come at the event. Of course, that's why we tried to put a registration page at the first event. But it was optional. To make it clear, you are always welcome. And we ended up with 600 people for the first event, which was not expected when I started the organization. But you felt that the event was growing and the interest was there. So it was not a big surprise to have that much people. But it was really a good thing. And a lot of efforts went in the event. And it was a good thing to see the success of the first event. Excellent. One final thing. There was some talk on my mailing lists for people to come in the oldest Fosden shirt they have. In my case, it's the oldest Fosden shirt I have that I can still fit. I found this picture online of you back in 2001. Do you still have that shirt? Well, you know, that's an old t-shirt 20 years ago. I have a girlfriend.  I should change. But thank you very much.  That's my feel. Incredible. So, what was 2001 like? I'm pretty sure there were people in this room who weren't alive at that point. Are you laughing because that's you? Or because you're aware of someone that... That's a long time. So what was it like in the real world? You know, not this cosy thing that we inhabit. Well, the world population is now up to 7.4 billion. 7.8 billion, actually. So we've managed to amass another 1.8 billion in the time that this conference has been running. We've had Euros, George W. Bush was the president, and the issue matter had landed. Now, that's a space probe which for the first time had landed on an asteroid. Now, that's quite an impressive feat for anyone on any day of the year. But this for me is quite interesting. Not because I like space, I'm a space fan. That's kind of a given. But back then, satellites were landed on asteroids, or they were sent into space, and it was always proprietary, proprietary hardware, proprietary software. We now have open source hardware in space. We have open source software running stuff. We've got CubeSat. It's now possible for us to be able to build our own satellites and stick them in orbit, all from the time when this started to now. And I find that quite impressive. Oh, and Billy Eilish was born in December 2001. Is there anyone over 30 who knows who Billy Eilish is? I don't believe her for you. But again, she is writing the New James Bond theme, so maybe you should. So our pop stars are now, oh, are younger than this conference. And in tech, we had no Facebook in 2001. I had no idea that was an applause queue. I thought that was information. There was no Twitter. Oh, let's have a muted one for that. No Stack Overflow. Oh, down the level, have we? And no Uber. But unfortunately, if it wasn't for Uber, some of us would still be stuck on that bus. Amazon Google, they were all really young, and the fun one, because a lot of us are illyxy type people, Microsoft had released XP. That's now end of line. Microsoft's next operating system, Windows 7, is now out of line. We have managed to pass two versions of Windows. One of the biggest companies, the biggest products, and we beat two of them. So, 2001 in FOSTA in terms. Here we go. This is not page one, by the way. This is all of it. This is every single one of the 31 talks present in that first weekend. And there's a lot of good stuff on there. One thing you'll notice if you can read the writing. Every session was pretty much an hour and a half or an hour. We've got talks on there. Security. Databases. Samba. PHP. And somewhere there's a quantum computing tool. There. Quantum computing back in 2001. We were so far ahead of the curve. But then again, also 2001 was the year of Livex on the desktop. If you like that joke, you will like it when I do it again in a minute. So the 30 years for me were characterised a lot by these longer talks with deep dives. We had, I hope his name is pronounced Rindal, who created the RSA encryption system. He came and spoke here and gave one of the most technical talks ever. I think just to try and find out if there were any technical people at FOSTA. I think it's now safe to say there are technical people at FOSTA and he was quite impressed. Also, back then we had Clam AV, which I remember. I was sat there where you are and I was just going, wow, I understand what antivirus thing does. I understand the code. I can read the code. It's open for me. But the bit in the middle about how the algorithms were created was something I'd never really understood. That talk was deep enough and long enough for me to be able to understand it. That was incredible. I was sat where you are. You've got to be impressed in 20 years, OK? What else? All this picture, by the way, just to point out. This is, I think, 2002, 2003. You'll notice the lack of food vans. You'll also notice the lack of people. This was a time where you could actually take photographs of your friends and not get photo bombed. Also, I think there's about three or four writers for Linux Magazine in that picture. It wasn't intentional. It wasn't a meet-up thing. It just so happens to all write for that same magazine. Although these are meant to be my friends, I'm not taking the picture and I'm not in the picture. So I have no idea where they were. Foster Info Desk. Donations always have a thing. You donate 25 euros. You've got the t-shirt. Donate 50 euros. You've got a t-shirt and the chance of winning an O'Reilly book. Or you can donate 35 and you get an O'Reilly pocket guide book. There's always these tiers that you can invest in. And then, and still 25 euros now. Don't take that as a thing to price, like, by the way. It's just an observation.  I don't know if they still use that tagline, but it might still apply. What else? There was always sponsorship. As Raphael was saying, you kind of need sponsorship to be able to get people in. And it is difficult. VA Linux was there and O'Reilly managed to pick up the baton in the second year for a lot of things. But there was never this whole, there was a sponsor and they would be doing a 20 minute presentation every day on their thing. Never happened. O'Reilly had a stand out there. That was it. That was their sort of promotion thing, if you like. So we've always done pretty well for the not spamming things. And over these early years, the dev rooms grew and dev rooms, so one day this room would be point of computing dev room, another day that would be the IoT dev room. And we'll come back to dev rooms later on to show you some of the success stories that Foster must have in those dev rooms. I mailed Miguel a little while ago.  He reminded me of the this is Coca-Cola. Was anyone there when he was heckled with the line this is Coca-Cola? Not many. This time about, he was demoing Mono and was showcasing the different uses. And one of them was with Unity, which is a proprietary 3D graphics engine. And he was demonstrating that it would work, not that he was necessarily promoting Unity. So from the back of the room, someone shouted this is Coca-Cola. This is Coca-Cola which didn't make any sense. Thought it was a translation problem. What it actually transpired is that the person didn't like the idea of proprietary software being used with 3D software. And that sort of thing was not uncommon. Not the heckling of this is Coca-Cola, but the idea of proprietary things were always bad and it was always evil. Nowadays, half of you may will have an iPhone. I'm using a Mac. Yeah. Actually, I think I've got 50-50 of the room on that one. But I can guarantee if I had done that in 2001 with a Mac it would have been more than 99-1 against me. We have at least grown up in that sense. Because I don't like my Mac, but I use it to be fair. What else? Josette she was manning the O'Reilly store for the longest time. And if you're watching, Josette, hello! This is not going to end good. At the second we have a power person for me. So Josette manned the O'Reilly stand for the longest time. It was actually her that managed to get us the second round of funding for the second post-dem, which would be the first real post-dem rather than post-dem. The mail went into her spam folder essentially. It's like, oh yeah, I'll look at it later, I'll look at it later, I'll get round to it. And it wasn't nothing, I think Raphael was the one that mailed back a couple weeks and said, are you going to give us the money or not? And she went, oh, sorry, yeah, I'll get on to it. And because of that, we're able to get a second round, and as a consequence get the third and the fourth, and O'Reilly managed to have a stand here, most she is. And we know why they're not here this year, unfortunately. So next up, it's going to boot. Okay, can we switch to that one then? Things were better. So here we have a technical reason why I hate it. And I have no idea why, this is not a microphone. That's my mic, I just did that like a microphone. What's in this stuff? I thought I'll get myself a nice little beer. I've always done this, by the way. I don't know if anyone's ever noticed. When I first started doing foster, I didn't see anyone drinking beer while they were presenting. I thought it was like a health and safety thing when the university didn't allow it, something like that. But I got to do my first talk and I thought, I'm in Belgium. I should try and fit in. They just eat chocolate and they drink beer. I should drink beer when I do my talk. So I got a beer and I put it on the top and no one told me to take it away. So I thought, oh, maybe beer is allowed. So then I opened the beer and it went ssss. No one's ears picked up and said, oh, he's doing beer, that's not allowed. So I just started the talk and I went, right, here we go. And I've done it ever, ever since. Which is a nice sort of tradition to have until you start getting multiple talks in the same day. And you realise this is really not healthy. I mean, this is my third today. The third bit and the third talk. So already maybe that's why I'm using it as a microphone. Oh, no. But it is one of those things that you just, every year you learn something new about either the place or the culture. And it happens quite a lot. One year, we decided, okay, we've done the foster thing, but we've never done the Brussels thing. Every year we would come along, we would come along, every year we would come along, we'd see the inside of the theatres here and we'd see the inside of the bars out there, but we'd never see anything else of Brussels. Well, it's not in the daylight. So we thought, next year, we'll take a day off work and we'll stay Sunday night and see Brussels on the Monday. And that's what we did. We booked an extra hotel, booked a train, we go along, fantastic. We had a list of museums to see.  And we made the list of all the museums we wanted to see and we got up nice and early at 10 o'clock to go and see the museums. Turns out, all the museums and all the galleries in Brussels are, you know, the Museum of Comics Open Bracket's Femela Lundi. Now, I don't know what a Femela Lundi museum is, but all the museums in Brussels were also run by Femela Lundi. It took me a while to learn enough French to realise that Femela Lundi means closed on Monday, and we're just wasted a day.  And this is one of those many things that come out, especially the social elements of Brussels and of Fozden. So we're ready to go again. Okay. So the first few years from about 2000 to 2000, 2001 to 2007 follow pretty much the same idea. You have a number of main tracks in here, you have a number of dev rooms, and every year it goes up by one or two more dev rooms. By 2007, the formats are kind of stabilised. Lightning talks have been introduced, which back then were quite a novelty. 15 minutes each talk. Now with a lot of talks coming down to 25, there's a lot more parallels between new and old, as you see, things haven't really changed. And that was the inspiration to the title, the cliche of constant change. The whole thing of the more things change, the more they stay the same. So a lot of the main talks now are becoming more like the Lightning talks were back then. And those stats will definitely be erroneous, I can tell you that. So yes, we talked about rosette. And here are the basic stats. As I just said, they go up gradually, always up and to the right. All the stats you'll see go up and to the right. That's important. This is the early first few years. So 2002, we hosted the free software awards on this stage. So naturally the award for 2001 was given in February 2002 and so on. So all the favourite names came along to stand on the stage and tell us what they'd done and why that was important. Key signing parties started in 2005. I personally call them key signing events. People standing outside in the cold in February in Brussels doesn't sound like a party to me, but if that's your bag, you go for it. Key signing events. The Lightning talks, as I've said, they did start in 2005, but back then not every talk was updated on the site. There was a CMS from 2002 onwards, but not everyone was forced to put their information into it at the start. So a lot of those earlier talks will have been lost. 2012, however, we have Pentebuff. For those that have not spoken here, this is the system you have to put your details in about what you wish to speak about and what the topic's going to be and what room you think it applies. It's a big chunk of XML, but it does kind of work, even though it has occasionally put the same speaker in two different rooms at the same time. Happens. 2014, Christoph created that. It was kind of, if I can recall my slides, I think there's about, yes, 4,000 active installations. But that doesn't include anything on asteroid, because that stuff apparently is not tracked. So there's probably a lot more people who have installed that than are actually on the screen now. According to the people I spoke to earlier, the first video box is these nice wooden ones. They were first created and put together in 2015 and then first put into boxes in 2016. So that's quite a relatively new thing. But even before that, people were setting up cameras on tables and just filming it. There used to be an old website called shortstopTV where people would upload these sort of videos. And that's noticeable because the conference is older than YouTube. It's also older than Flickr as well and we'll come through a good reason to that as well later. And 2016, very importantly, we started having glossy brochures. Now, for those that weren't there, let me show you what the brochures used to look like when I was a wee kid and all this was feels. This is probably so small you probably can't see it at the back. It's a couple of sheets of paper, they put together. And that's the entire conference program, everything. Fast forward a couple of years. This is 2002. This is 2008. You can see already that by 2008, Fosden were having to buy a more expensive brand of staple. For some reason, 2015 had a different colour. But then, by 2016, we have these. These are the ones that you probably all now recognise. Big glossies and enough information to warrant a separate one for each day. Quite an impressive feat. Particularly as I've still got them. So coming back to the cliche of constant change. Every year, the dev rooms change. There's a few more. Sometimes old ones fall out of favour. But they're always there. Stalls is an introduction. There's always lots and lots of stalls. And for this, I will need to find some notes that is going to be quite interesting. Honest it will be. So, yeah. There's lots and lots of things going on. Actually, I'm going to come back to that. I think there's a reason for that. So, going back quickly to the dev rooms. The dev rooms have often changed their names. So, sometimes it will be the MySQL dev room. Sometimes it will be the MySQL, MariaDB and friends dev room. Sometimes it will be the MySQL and friends dev room. I don't know what MariaDB to one not being considered a friend in the other one. But I've yet to see a Postgres and MySQL and friends dev room. Can anyone tell me why? So, there was a case in K Building, which is where most of the stands are now. And there was a time OpenSuzo got beer. I think they've done it again this year. And they've got a number of OpenSuzo beers at the stand. The Mozilla people, so I'm told, went over to their stand, bought all of their beer and took it back to the Mozilla stand. The Mozilla people then put a sticky label on all of the beers and sold it on their stand. Therefore, that is the first time anyone has taken a beer and then forked it. There's also stories of people who have driven here back in 2001-2002. Which is impressive from the point of view of no GPS for humans back then. It was all military grade. So people driving around with paper maps trying to work out how to get here. That must have been fun. We've got a number of dev rooms wins which are some of which I'll come back to later. But one of the ones to actually point out is Freedom Box. Now, this was something that Evan Mogul talked about in 2011 on this stage and in 2013. And it was good enough to send me a little update video of where they've got to. Let's see if that will play. Has that been a good thing or a bad thing? Thank you to Steve for inviting me to come on Free Software because we believe that technological freedom was absolutely necessary to the survival of civil liberty. We thought that computers that didn't work for their users that their users couldn't understand couldn't change, couldn't fix and couldn't share would be computers that would eliminate the freedom and unfortunately after all these years together it fossed them after all these decades of work. We are in the place in which if we can't deliver freedom to people using free software we cannot be sure that liberty will survive. That was why I started the Freedom Box project to see if we could use the smallest cheapest computers available in the world to deliver real freedom respecting services to everybody. Now after all these years we are ready. This, a Freedom Box manufactured under license by Alamex in Bulgaria is the first commercial product using our wonderful free software to deliver freedom. We can also run everything from an orange pie to a raspberry pie to an Arduino board and a virtual instance in the AWS cloud. All of this happened because people who were together with us in Brussels saw the importance of this vision because free software programmers from around the world now want to deliver freedom to users everywhere to their families, their friends and their communities. This is what FOSDEM is about this is what Freedom Box is about. This is the life we have lived together and for which I am so very grateful. Thank you to FOSDEM. Thank you to Steve. Thank you to those who believe in freedom. Thanks to Evan. So of course it wouldn't be FOSDEM if it wasn't in Brussels I guess and that's kind of helped because in the same way that FOSDEM was able to get its first speakers by shall we say, borrowing some from the next conference. Other conferences have started up around FOSDEM and around the time. PG Day for example has been going quite a few years now to coincide with FOSDEM. There was a git thing last year that was at and also Java has their committers workshop around this sort of time as well I believe which has really helped because it's kind of worked in the same way that servers have worked. There's a monolith which is FOSDEM and then we create microservices. Those are the div rooms and then it's function as a service which are the lightning talks, the birth of a feather talks and then those reaching out to other conferences they create outside of the FOSDEM tracks now known as the FOSDEM fringe. But of course I was saying it's not all work and we do try and pretend to have some fun. There is this misconception that geeks don't socialize. That is not true. Anyone that's been in the delirium on Friday night knows that's not true. The only thing that might be considered true is that we don't want to socialize with people like that.  We socialize. And these are the only clean pictures I'm allowed to use. So this is what we had back in 2001, 2002. I'm showing this for one particular reason. There's no camera on that camera phone. Yes, they did exist. Phones without a camera meant we could get away with a lot of stuff that we probably couldn't now. The other problem with this, it means people had to take their rather expensive SLR cameras into pubs if we wanted to get any pictures. Luckily, some people were brave enough to take their phones in nice cameras into pubs and this is one of them. This is in the Royal of Spain on Grand Plus. This is where we had the first number of Friday night beer events. As you can see, there's actually space in there. Probably room for a few more people around that table. And also, we have seats. And also in this particular place because there weren't that many of us, the bartenders would come around, they'd take our drinks order and at the end of the night they'd say, what did you drink? Now, I don't know if these bartenders have ever experienced people having alcohol before. But asking someone, what have you drunk? It's like, well, just two points of shandy me, mate. It's not going to cut it, particularly when some of my friends don't drink at all. So when you get to the end of the night and they just say, I had two Coca-Cola's. They go, no, you didn't. Luckily, I'm proud to say that after many years of doing this, I now understand how strong Belgian beer is and how many I can have before I need to leave delirium in order to get in for the Saturday keynote. There's also parties and dinners going on most of the evenings, Saturday is usual, particularly for us a lot. Again, that's me with more hair. And this is where, you know, a lot of the stories and a lot of the real things come out. The information that you don't hear on the tracks and I think I'm allowed to tell this story. At a table once, and there's about seven or eight of us all there, and one person is complaining about how hard it is to compile KDE and how hard it is to package KDE, not realising that the person who compiled and packaged KDE was sat next to them. Man's explaining was not invented recently. We've been doing it for years. It's also in the same restaurant, actually. We were sat around and we thought, let's get a picture and we asked the waitress, could you take a picture and give it to the camera and she says, okay everybody, say cheese. So what do you think every single geek at that table did in unison thinking it would be a funny joke? They said fromage. The only French they obviously know. And even more dinners. Again, it's one of those things that you never know who you're going to end up getting sat next to and talking to at these sort of events. I've probably got that very wrong. Created by, sat next to me one night to dinner, Phil Hazel from X in Fame, sat next opposite me another night at dinner. This is not me bragging, by the way. This is normal. This happened pretty much every night to somebody during the course of FOSDA. And the city tours were a comparatively recent thing. I could never quite find out when they started. But now the partners of us lot have the option of going out to get a free city tour so they can see Brussels.  I don't know if that means more people are going to do it next year because I've told you all it exists. But it's a thing that's been laid on and it was always for partners. Never for wives and girlfriends. So occasionally we get things right. Except for this thing, Bermatt, Baccaru. There are probably people in this room that have played it. I know at least where two of them are. I'm not going to ask for show of hands. But Bermatt, Baccaru. It's a game to be played late at night in the bars of Brussels. FOSDA is quite a long conference, quite grueling.   It is their responsibility of other people with you to place beer mats on your head one at a time. One beer mat per person. Whoever puts the beer mat on the head when that person wakes up loses and buys the next round. There are no real winners in this.  So what is it like today? Well, it looks a lot of the history. So what sort of numbers have we got here? And I wrote a short script that would go through the history of the conference. But before I take you through that I'm just going to do a one-minute thing walking over here. Because 20 years is quite literally a long time. It is a generation. And in the same way that lots of people have come into our lives over the last 20 years we've also lost a lot as well. We're not the only people. We've all lost someone at some point in that time. And it's unfortunately inevitable, but there we have it. So moving on, let's get down some good old serious mucking about. And all these stats will have caveats attached to them. As I say, I have gone through all the old websites and did a copy and paste of them. So I might have missed things. There may be names which I've got incorrect. It's on GitHub, so if I made a typo I do accept pull requests. We might eventually get a full record of everything that happened at Vostem. So in just this year we've had 817 talks by 781 different speakers every year up and to the right, always increasing, always steadily. Now obviously this number is kind of contentious. We say 817 talks should we include the beginning talks should we include LPI the exams and that sort of thing. So you could vary this by a few, but this gives you a rough idea of the scale of which we're speaking. There are 55 dev rooms. As you see, the number of dev rooms increases as does the number of talks. In fact, if you were to go and listen to every single talk that's happened over just this weekend if my memory serves nine and a half weeks every day, eight hours a day including Saturdays and Sundays to get through everything for just this. Now you might play that up over the last 20 years. If you wanted to catch up with Vostem the Vostem binge watch channel would last you until August. These are the speakers speaking this weekend. Well, no, that's technically that's a picture of the speakers and if you squint hard enough you can just about make out the Vostem logo in amongst all of that. As far as I know, everyone is included my apologies if I managed to miss someone because there was a late change or something like that. So, if we accumulate all of these numbers what sort of totals do you think we're going to get? Well, let's start with the number of talks. In total since started 7,281. That is pretty much an inconceivable number. 4,001 unique speakers unique. That's more people than attended the first 4 Vostems put together and 149 different dev rooms. Now I think I've got rid of all the typos in there and embedded and embedded an automotive and so forth. The same dev room had several titles during its lifetime. The graphics dev room used to be a small dev room I believe but still 149 different subjects in open source which is not surprising it's a big industry and you realize this when you walk out. If you ever give a talk and you really should if you give a talk and you walk out the strangest thing happens you're in the room you're looking at 100, 200 people in this case 2,000 people right now I feel like the most important person in open source that there is that's not the laugh I'll tell you when I'm doing the funnies when I walk out that door I am nobody everyone else is more famous than I am everyone else has done more been on better projects more involved projects because no matter how big your project is there's always another one that's bigger or more impressive and this is the dev room totals Mozilla well done you win hard lock embedded you kind of forgot that one so you'd have been caught up well but as you see the dev rooms are quite a flowing thing sometimes we have a lot of dev rooms at the start like GNOME and then afterwards like dev rooms not needed anymore and the space is taken up by other things like software defined radio I didn't even know that was a thing until I saw it at Foster and there's a lot of good stories from these things I think probably the biggest story is Java now originally there was a project called GNU class path anyone remember GNU class path yes and there was I think it was a free Java and an open Java and about 7 or 8 different Java type projects trying to do the open version well it turned out that someone managed to persuade some to open source their Java and the people that did it did it at FOSDEM so the reason we have open Java and the reason is FOSDEM which unfortunately means Larry didn't get to buy a yacht that year but I'm happy to trade Larry's yacht for open Java yes well done Java I'm sure we've got some of the Java people in that were responsible for that as well so you know we should buy them a beer later so the total in words so I went through every talk title for the last 20 years I removed the ands and the ofs and all those sort of tiny words and I built this now you've got all the obvious words in there you know like open and source and software and community but there were also two words in there that kind of stuck out to me and that was fun and the word profit so I was very curious on how I could make a profit with this open source but it turns out there were about 8 or 9 talks so go and do this for fun and profit go and do that for fun and profit every single time there's a for fun and profit talk you are required to keep this tradition going so in the conclusions it started small, very small incredibly hopelessly small and built up gradually small blocks that way there could never be too many surprises same as in code, make one change at a time then you know where the breakage is small things added continually always something new, always something else happening that ethos thing has not changed free is still good, free is still here dev rooms do seem to be the biggest draw now but as I say there are fringe events which keep cropping up every single year I mean nowadays we've got what's 700 talks here going on at any one time this year there were more talks than there were in the entirety of the first false dem basically you could take the first false dem in the morning session on Saturday and we could all be in the pub by lunchtime so what happens now how do I predict the future what is false dem going to be doing over the next 20 years well I can tell you exactly what false dem is going to be doing oh no sorry I've run out of time so I can't tell you what false dem is going to be doing over the next 20 years but it's all down to whatever you say, whatever we say it's our conference it's open, it's for us so I will finish my slide by updating my scorecard ding, there we go and normally I would finish on a slide of any questions but as I said at the beginning I'm not an organiser I'm not a volunteer, I just turn up so instead of any questions I'm going to phrase it any answers because you can contact me via the website on the twitter I want to hear your stories, I want to see what successes have you had because of false dem what has false dem helped for you because in 20 years time I was up there where I was sat 20 years ago and they're going to be up here saying how has free software helped and saved the world and it will be because of someone in this audience and some of the projects that are based here so with that I'll say thank you for your attention it's been the biggest audience I've ever seen thank you now if there's anyone here if there's anyone here wearing a false dem t-shirt what I'm trying to do is photograph of every year of false dem out those doors and out the front in about 20 minutes so if you've got like a 2001 shirt yep we want you there's not many of them around 2002 I'm wearing one of these underneath I've also got a few other shirts around so if you do have one of those old shirts and want to be in the picture make your way outside in about 20 minutes and you'll be able to be in that picture


And now for your U.S. Army Europe spotlight. Jeanine Davidson is the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Plans. Recently she toured the training site during Europe's one-of-a-kind full-spectrum training environment exercise. The biggest thing for me is the participation of the allies. And we like to say that we should train the way we fight, and because we want to fight with our allies and our partners, we should be training with them. And I think this is a great example of how to do that. For more, check out er.army.mil.


Yeah. This is adorable. Aw. Your parents must be so happy for you.  We're lucky. We're lucky. We're lucky. We're lucky. We're lucky. The support. Exactly. You guys are raised right, I guess. That's amazing. This is a good story. It's a good story of your own little dynamic.


Good evening and welcome to episode four hundred and eight of the Private Property Podcast. I'm your host, Uzaman Dhomwa Khumalo. It's the last live show of the Private Property Podcast for 2021. Tomorrow's show we have tainted, we're really in good to go and you're going to catch in on the fun tomorrow evening on what promises to be one of the best shows that we have done this year. So do make sure that you are ready to set those alarms for tomorrow's show. You're going to get a snapshot of all the presenters during the show. And of course some of the lucky super fans who got to certainly spend some time with us and join in on the festivities on the show. But we're wrapping up 2021 on quite a great note right here in the Private Property Podcast. And before I talk about some of what you can expect on the show, you know that of course you can watch us across different social media platforms that is on the Facebook. For those of you are watching us on Facebook, continue sending those green hearts and sending us some love. We're on Instagram, we're on YouTube, as well as of course the other social media platforms that we share, informative content on all things relating to property. I'm talking LinkedIn and TikTok, some of the platforms that we are on. And of course you can also catch our incredible other shows on our social media platforms in a single weekday at 8 p.m. What day of the week is it? I'm even losing track on what day of the week it is. So this is Tuesday. And so as it is Tuesday later on, I think Balunog will be wrapping up with the last show that she's also going to be having on the show. So a lot of changes are happening this festive season as many of you know, many of us winding down. Unfortunately, there's still a few of us who are still sending kind regards emails because we haven't quite wrapped up. When I found out from you at home, are you still working or are you going to be taking some time off this festive season?  And you also want to join in on the fun. While talking about the fun, we of course going to tackle something that I know so many of you at home certainly want to be able to get a good sense of, especially if you're going to be buying a property in the new year. But before we get to that, we're going to be announcing the lucky winner later on the show of the competition that we have been running. That's the last winner between 2021 where we had been asking you around some property advice that you had picked up while watching the show. And we're going to be doing that halfway through the show. Of course, the rules are still the same. If you call your name, drop us a text and the money in the money bag is all yours. I don't know what we're going to do if the winner isn't watching, you know, because we obviously won't be having a roll over. We'll see if maybe won't give it to a lucky winner who is commenting and watching us this evening. My colleague will let me know how much we've got in the money bag. I think I'll feel festive if by the end of the show, the winner hasn't claimed the prize whoever sends the most comments and engages us the most this evening will take the money in the money bag. The team doesn't know this. They're probably watching and thinking, oh my word, there she goes giving away money. But that's what we're going to do this festive season. Well, this evening we're looking at preparing to purchase a new home. And I'm going by Neil McKinnon, who's an attorney at Hammond Paul Attorneys. Neil, good evening and thank you so much for joining us on the show. Good evening to you. Thank you for having me and good evening to your viewers as well. It's such a pleasure to have you on the show Neil. First time with us also wrapping up the year with us in 2021. And I think wrapping up the year on the topic that so many people always need a refresher on because this is also something that you know is obviously going to be applicable even if you've bought a first home before. So it isn't just first time home buyers. I think those are also repeat buyers always need to touch up a little bit on some of their property knowledge and insight when it comes to buying that new home. And I think before we even get into some of the you know causes one would typically find in offer to purchase and certainly the key ones that we all just have to be mindful of. Let's look at the sort of the basics of the home buying process that we all just need to know in Bay mind because I think people still trip over you know the very basics and I get you know dms calls emails quite regularly around this is what's happening you know in the process is this what's supposed to happen and nine out of ten times it's part of the process it's very normal it is indeed something that is mentioned happening but of course not everybody is aware of what even those basics fundamentally are. I mean yeah thanks I think first and foremost you know buyers that are anticipating entering the property market and particularly first time home buyers it's a good idea just to have a pre-approval to investigate first and foremost how much they can afford and to consider things like additional fees like rates levies if they're buying in a complex and an estate homeowner's association and then of course costs and transfer duty you know if they're buying a property that's that's valued at more than a million so you know buyers should just consider that to start with essentially in terms of getting into the process once the buyer has been pre-approved and they've gone to identify property that they think they can afford and they've put in an offer they'll obviously do that through a real estate agent that would have introduced them to the property they would have made an offer the seller would have a certain of a period of time in which to accept that offer once the offer is accepted the seller typically nominates an attorney and only guarded by the real estate agent in terms of which attorney to use of course the seller does have his own choice it's the seller's prerogative at the end of the day once the offer's been accepted and the seller has identified an attorney that would be a channel through to a conveyance to handle once it reaches the conveyance the conveyance would then have a look at what are the suspense of conditions that need to be fulfilled and the suspense of conditions would be you know the payment of a deposit sale of another property and one of the biggest suspense of conditions of course the obtaining of a home loan the buyer would have a certain amount of time in which to fulfill those defensive conditions once those conditions are fulfilled the process can continue during that period the attorney would typically contact the seller's existing bank if there's an existing bond over the property and they would call for cancellation figures essentially asking what is the amount required to cancel the seller's existing bond by the time they've got those cancellation figures hopefully the purchasers bond or home loan would have been granted and at that stage they can start calling for guarantees and the bond attorney that's appointed by the bank if the buyer is going to be bonding with property and would communicate with the conveyancing attorney with the transfer attorney and request them what is their guarantee requirements those guarantee requirements will obviously be the amount that's required to settle the seller's bond and pay the balance of the purchase price once that's done the transferring attorney would then call for clearance figures from the municipality and from the homeowner's association those clearance figures need to be paid by the seller they need to be paid in advance and those are required obviously to carry on with the transfer process certificates would be required by the deeds office clearance certificate for rates clearances and if there's a homeowner's association or a body corporate clearance certificate from the managing agent that would need to be lodged with the documents once those clearance figures have been paid the the attorney can then prepare documents to sign with the parties once that's done it can be lodged at the details in a nutshell and and you know Neil I think one of the things that I appreciate is you really have painted a very comprehensive picture of a step by step guide as it were of what one would expect and and I want us to you know look at some of those steps that you've you know pointed out but before do that I see the love that we're getting on this last live show that we're having on the private property park concert myself as a man don't want to malo men's bottle is sending those green hearts and certainly having hashtag 20 000 comments and saying I'll be sending kind regards till late thursday ah men's you are me and I am you I'm also going to be kind regarding until the very tail end of this week um happiness Martina Malolega also sending some love for Rina I've had team I rather said the end uh Sarah Matleta uh we've got umatha Shimane it's saying on that last live show notes let's show some love to the team that is showed us a whole lot of love this year let's send stars to private property for all the love spoils and lots of prizes and I absolutely love that comment uh because as much as you can see myself or on value show it's in value or SD or certainly child there's a whole team uh behind the scenes that does incredible work in making sure that we look great we sound great we bring uh quality guests onto the show and certainly keep the conversation going on our social media platforms it's not just us but certainly a whole host of other incredible team members who make this possible uh teamwork certainly does make the dream work and we've been doing that as a team and wouldn't have been able to do it certainly us as a presenters without the team behind the scenes who make sure that we are able to bring you these shows on a daily basis so thank you very much to the team and I will say my thank you's actually later on on the show when we wrap up but I see the love I know that Everton Glacierinda also watching and of course I want to find out from you when you're knocking off work did you you know stop work last Friday under interest of the people who already stopped work last Friday um I'm still going to be working probably until the very tail end of this week um there is a possibility I might need to work next week but I'm trying to wrap up as much as I can uh this end of the week so that next week I can go hiking to my heart's content and not need to be on emails at all I want us to go for a quick break I'm going to come back we're going to be looking at uh you know expensive closers because that's still one that trips people over um quite a bit also going to be looking at those transferring attorneys uh how do you how can you go about choosing them oftentimes of course it is the um the seller who would appoint one how how do you go about choosing them are there any things that you should look out for and of course going back to more of your comments and questions but in the meantime we're going to see who the lucky winner of the thousand rands that is in their money bag and uh if they don't pick up their hand at the end by the end of the show I'm going to give away this thousand rands to a lucky winner who's watching us now and who's on the comments section so you need to be commenting until the very tail end uh and between the team and I will choose a lucky winner who walk away with that thousand rands but in the meantime let's see who the lucky winner of the thousand rands that is in the money bag and that lucky winner this evening is Le Bochon Kolot Le Bochon Kolot so walking away with a thousand rands in cash I hope that Le Bochon is indeed watching us if you are drop us a message down there below to claim your prize this evening on the private property podcast with myself as a man don't walk a mile or thousand rands up for grabs that is the last time we're wrapping up this competition this tail end of the year we're going to bring you a fresh new competition in the new year so a thousand rand is up for grabs this evening and as we continue our conversation looking at preparing to purchase a new home I mean conversation with Neil McKinnon who's an attorney at Hammond Paul Attorneys and we've got a question coming through from Umeensi Butelezi saying um please can you start from when from where you buy land as they're usually about no bond registration costs and lower transfer costs when buying cash but what is the process after paying for the land so Neil is the process you know we're different when we buy land so you're buying land you're buying it in cash so it's not a bonded property um at all so how does the and I already know the answer to this but how does the process then work is it different when you are buying land because I'm at the transfer process is exactly the same um unless unless they're entering into a land sale agreement uh where they're buying the property in installments then it would be an installment sale contract would to be also registered at the deeds office um but to preserve the land you know so that it could be transferred to the purchase at a later date but essentially the transfer process is exactly the same except there's no bond registration process and so Neil I just want to get that part around if it were an instalment sale agreement would that also be registered in the deeds office and be noted there or would it just be the contract between the two parties where they each have a copy of the contract what happens is obviously the disposal of land needs to be in writing to start it so the the land sale agreement if it's in installments it would have to be in writing between the parties and what happens is the land needs to be preserved so you need to as a buyer if you're paying installments every month for that property you want to make sure that the seller is not going to sell it to somebody else that's that's going to pay up front so what would happen is that contract would need to be registered at the deeds office so that it basically it interdicts the sale of the property because there's a contract in place and Neil I mean out of out of similar for the benefits of our views at home would every type of instalment sale agreement and not just that of land so suppose you're also buying a house or apartment would it also you know sort of work in a similar way where that contract is noted in the deeds office so that no other sale could effectively go through and of that particular property is in the process if it deals with with immutable property then yes it would be registered at the deeds office absolutely and I think that's an important one because I'm increasingly seeing especially property investors wanting to look at instalment sale agreements as you know an alternative way of acquiring investment properties especially in multiple ones and some of them are doing an instalment sale putting a tenant in place knowing that they'll be able to essentially buy to using also the tenant's rental but not everyone understands that it's not just a contract between you and the seller and both of you have that copy because as you say you need to be able to also certainly have it registered at the deeds office because we haven't fortunately seen and luckily so I haven't come across many instances but there have been a few where on the one hand there's an instalment sale agreement and payment and you're paying on time and you're certainly honouring that aspect of the contract and the seller suddenly wants to you know get somebody who wants to sell I mean certainly wants to buy the property as a cash offer and you've been servicing and certainly meeting the requirements that that are stipulated in your contract so it becomes so crucial for viewers at home to always bear that in mind and that's why we say it's important that you get attorneys involved when you are you're doing a property transaction because with the moment somebody says no I know how this works we'll just here's you know here's a contract maybe sign it and then we're good to go your alarm bells certainly need to be going off because you know that they're probably trying to pull one on you yeah I think you know the whole purpose of registering the contract at the deeds office is to preserve that that agreement between the buy and the seller and if the seller were to were to breach the agreement and now try and sell the property to somebody else the buyer would be well entitled to approach the court for relief to interdict the sale of that property to somebody else because there's a contract in place and as I say that contract has to be registered at the deeds office as a preview and you know when we then look at choosing transfer attorneys what are some of the things that we need to look out for because it's one of those things that many of us are not going to be used to we don't even know you know what are some of the questions if any we should be asking our transfer attorneys when we kind of interview whether we want to work with them or not but what are some of the key things that we need to look out for when choosing transferring attorneys somehow I think it's very important you know and that's a great question because the property transfer process is a complicated it's a complex process it's not overly complicated but it has there's a number of of areas that can go wrong and it's very important to make sure that you use a reputable attorney certainly an attorney that either is a specialist in convincing or has a department that specializes in convincing for instance haven't followed attorneys we've got a dedicated department we employ about 60 people that work in the conveyancing department and because we're a specialist and we have a dedicated conveyancing department and you know we have a transfer section we have a bond section and we have a cancellation section and I think that's very important to make sure that you're using an attorney that specializes in the property transfer process and certainly you know one of some of the larger firms that that are all around us and then you know fortunate enough to work with the banks and on the banks panels that's an added benefit as well because they you know they're specialist in the entire process I've seen and I mean I disrespect to smaller attorneys but I see a lot of attorneys that are not conveyances they're not specialists in property transfers but they do handle property transfers from time to time and I've heard you know some really knife-marry stories you know about those property transfers so I think make sure that you go if you are a seller and you are anticipating selling your home make sure that you've identified a reputable attorney and do your homework you know check that do some homework on the attorney and check you know if there's if there's any referrals about that attorney. Going to your comments and questions this evening on the private property podcast with myself as I'm doing my pomalo as we wrap up the last live show this year we've got pulling and go seeing important node contracts that ban the seller so they cannot sell the property to another party and that is of course with reference to installment sale agreements regardless of whether you're buying land or of course a house or even an apartment you want to make sure that that contract is registered at the deed's office. It's very exciting I just love the topic because it's always important to go back and revisit the important points to consider sometimes while on the process of purchasing a first home we get too excited and we miss out on some things that we that we need that are important and that's a very big one and that's exactly why we wanted to end off 2021 on this note because maybe you want to buy your first home in 2022 perhaps you're buying your second or your third but those the first time you did it or the second time you did it you're very excited we're very intimidated of course and may have missed a few things and you really just want to brush up on what you can expect what mistakes to avoid and those sort of things means what's it is coming back saying please can you also elaborate on the process of registering your apartment for rates with the municipal offices for rates I love this question because I remember I never direct I had issues with this and people who watch the show know what issues I'm referring to so when I bought you know my first property actually bought two properties at the same time and and so I was also just overwhelmed because everything was just in doubles uh having you know to to pay four attorneys because it was all both properties were funded and I didn't know I was but I bought both properties in a in a section of title community I wasn't aware that I had to pay COG rates and taxes I thought I only had to pay levies and so got the levy you know account very easy I will send the details they put me on they sent the statement the moment they needed to and I thought well there's no such thing as rates and taxes because I don't have a standalone house only to get uh you know an sms saying I'm in areas about three months after the fact and of course I am shocked because I'm thinking but how am I in areas firstly because I don't I didn't even know I needed to pay this and I didn't know that I had to set it up and luckily somebody at COG when I called them they were very helpful they explained to me what needed to happen I was able to do it online because I also wasn't receiving these statements so I was able to you know do it online and get it sorted but you know perhaps explain to us that step because I think that's the one that so many of us trip over I mean even in subsequent properties I now know I always just brief the attorneys that just make sure that this part gets sorted I don't want to have to do with this have somebody in the team just handle the admin because that's the step that you don't want to trip over and subsequently find yourself falling behind in in rates and taxes I mean it can be it can be very frustrating dealing with that part of the admin some attorneys will assist will assist the parties in changing their account and there are certain agencies out there that that people cannot but you know my experience with some of the municipalities is that they've got customer care centers they're very easy to go to typically what would happen just to go back a little step in the process during the property process the conveying attorneys would call for clearance figures from the municipality on the seller's account the sellers required to make payment of those clearance figures which are generated in advance in other words the property transfer when when it's registered that account should still be in credit at the time that the purchaser becomes the owner of the property on the day of registration the attorney should send out a final letter of registration to all of the parties and typically the purchaser will receive a letter to say you are the owner and here's proof that you're the owner they'll receive a property printer to show that the property's in their name and they'll be able to take that off to the municipality and go to the customer care center and open an account in their name the seller of course also needs to make sure that the account is closed on their side um so that so that there's a transition and once that's taken place um usually the seller will get a refund if if there's still a credit on the account they'll open an account in the purchaser's name and the seller should get a refund for the amount that they've paid that's that's in credit after the date that it's gone into that it's been registered in the purchaser's name we are slowly wrapping up the last live show of 2021 here on the private property podcast and as i said if we do not get somebody claiming the money that is in the money band i'm going to give it to one lucky viewer who's watching us and commenting down here below so the trick there is certainly to be engaging us down here below i've asked the team to look up for who's engaging us the most this evening and that $1,000 is going to be yours so on the one hand you have to keep your fingers crossed that Oliver Khan doesn't you know suddenly clean the price before we wrap up and on the other continue engaging and it may you may be the lucky winner and Neil before we wrap up though you know going into the new year what are some common legal mistakes that we need to avoid when it comes to buying a home in 2022 and beyond of course look i think the biggest problem especially for first-time home buyers is affordability you know home buyers they don't do their homework and and i think you know it's one thing pre-qualifying but it's another thing looking at at all of these hidden costs and you know especially complexes things like special levies you know transfer costs bottom costs and i find a lot of people obviously not doing their homework and now finding that that's that that becomes a problem one of the biggest issues as well especially this time of year and i've experienced this before is that buyers are granted a home loan and the bond is granted and the transfer commences the transfer process commences but obviously before it's registered before the end of the new year we go into the christmas period we go into the festive season and and some people then go and take out additional credit and you know obviously when a time comes to register the transfer the bank goes and does a double check and if they realize that the buyer is now overextended himself during the period that he's been granted a bond to the period of registration the bank has the as the right not to register that bond and they can actually withdraw from the process so i found it before west where particularly over the festive season people take out loans they take out additional cell phone contracts they take out short-term loans to go on holiday to buy christmas presents and that can have a huge big impact on their affordability in terms of their bond and the bank will pick that up prior to registration so that's that's a very big problem we've got a question here and i'm going to just it's coming from example on our facebook page and he asked does the purchaser pay for the new municipal account i'm going to assume he means pay for it to be opened as opposed to you're now servicing it monthly because of course as the purchaser you would be the one who now services it once the property is registered so are there any cross implications to you know getting that new municipal account absolutely the purchaser from the date of registration the purchaser would be responsible for that account and there will be costs associated with opening that account there's a deposit that could be required at the council and they will require a deposit up front to open the account and put it into your name and then of course from that day forward the purchaser will be responsible for his own rates and and taxes if the purchaser wanted to go with some sort of an agency or some sort of company that would assist them in opening an account well then there would be those fees attached to that as well yeah and i think that's an important one i mean we we we have seen some who are able to do it fairly quickly fairly efficiently and they do charge if the for that and i think when we then look at as we wrap up this evening neal any tips certainly any advice for property earners going into the new year especially those who also may be looking to expand their property portfolio perhaps adding their first rental you know property in their property portfolio so i think from a from a seller's perspective i think you know before if you're planning on listing your property for sale make sure that you've covered all of the areas of your property and that when you do sign that contract you you list all of the defects and if there are you know repairs that need to be made like leaking roofs latent defects tractiles you know rising damp don't don't do patch jobs make sure that it's that it's done properly with with a reputable contractor so that the guarantee for for that service can be passed over to the purchaser so from that perspective from from a finance perspective i think you know covid is is playing a big part in our lives hopefully we see in the end of covid and i think just again from an affordability point of view you know make sure that you've done your homework and make sure that you can afford the property and look out for those hidden hidden costs you know the buyer needs to realize that they're going to pay transfer costs they may be paying transfer duty and if they're registering a bond they're going to be paying fees for the registration of the bond as well and you know neil as we were probably actually mentioned something around when you're a seller make sure that you don't cut corners in the event where there are any damages to the property you want to make sure that you disclose them perhaps as we wrap up what are some home buyers rights because i think sometimes buyers say do not know their rights especially first-time home buyers and it's very easy for them to get very intimidated and very overwhelmed with the process and sometimes working with an estate agent who wants to sell because you're looking at the commission and would you know position things as though this is how things are done as opposed to you know essentially being open with them saying actually as a buyer you're able to you know ask for XYZ. Zoma I think you know first and foremost you know buyer is entitled to inspect his property entitled to a to a full inspection of the property make sure that they're satisfied with the state of the property and if there are any latent defects with the property of the seller is aware of any problems with the property the buyer is entitled to be disclosed to have those problems disclosed to the buyer and of course if the seller is not aware of those defects and of course you know he'd be entitled to rely on the so-called footage clause but i think from that perspective you know that the buyer is entitled to know exactly what he's buying the other thing that buyers can expect to to have in terms of their rights is vacant occupation which appears to be a big thing these days and a lot of the times and it's particularly in this market there's a lot of sellers that are selling their properties that they've bought for investment purposes and where they've agreed with the purchaser that they have a tenant and the tenant will have vacated the property by the time registration takes place I think the buyers find themselves in a situation where they have now taken transfer they want to move into the property and the tenant is still vacating the property so a buyer definitely has the right to vacant occupation on registration if that's what they've agreed and and of course to make sure that that they can safely move into their property and Neil I think as we wrap up this conversation this evening I want to say any final last tips for our viewers at home you know when it comes to buying the properties for 2022 whether they're the buyer themselves or the seller or of course even tenants who want to move from now becoming for moving from being a tenant and certainly earning their property any final tips as you wrap up this show this evening summer I think you know there's a lot of movement in the market in terms of sectional title and complex living and I found a lot of people moving into complexes where the complexes has now got a whole lot of hidden aspects and one of the issues is when you inspect your home when you move into a property when you plan on buying a property check the complex check the state of the complex check the financials of the body corporate make sure that it's that that it's liquid and check that you know check what you're buying so that there's no hidden agenda down the line in terms of special levies and that type of thing Neil we're going to leave it there this evening thank you so much for joining us on our last live episode of private property pleasure to have you I know that we'll certainly be inviting you back in the new year tackling all things relating to property thank you so much for joining us on the show thanks for having me and that is Neil McKinnon who's an attorney at Hammond Paul attorneys wrapping up the last live show of the private property podcast with myself as I'm going to do more this 2021 tomorrow we've got a special episode for you at home this is one that you do not want to miss probably one of the greatest shows that we have pulled off this year we had a lot of fun last week when we're putting it together it's certainly going to enjoy watching it with you all at the same time we're going to have quite a lot of fun but before I go I want to say a few thank yous of course firstly thank you to all of you at home who have continued to watch us every single weekend at 7 p.m and also watch the 8 p.m shows who engage with us share the content and continue to showing us some love we do not take all that love for granted and certainly do not take your time and attention for granted we've become a family and we're in your homes every single weekday you share your hopes and aspirations with us and it's something that's so inspiring to watch it's even more inspiring to see all of you reach your property goals and make some of your property milestones and of course share them with us on our social media pages and a very very big thank you to the team behind the scenes who pull this off every single day it's not very easy putting together a property show but we have grown to not only be the only daily property show in southern africa we also the only one that has reached over 400 shows on the continent and this is something that we know we wouldn't have done without you at home but also without you know the great team that works behind the scenes in putting the show together from you know my colleague up y'all are uh amo palisa uh nomad there's so many of them uh kizito uh sista bile and uh ho host of others guys also they're doing a lot of our graphics and i think this is something that we do not take for granted at all who's also on your socials and all this commenting uh you know from the social media teams momfunda and her team this is something that i know uh a lot of us spend a lot of time working towards and uh lots of sleepless nights and sometimes we don't always get it right but as a team we certainly want to make sure that we give you the best that we can on offer and thank you to each and every single one of you and this festive season is around off and certainly get ready for 2022 we've got a lot planned for the new year you can certainly look forward to a new look for the show and we've got a few surprises uh up our sleeves and that's something that i'm very excited about and i know you at home are going to absolutely love some of those surprises so i can already assure you that 2022 is going to be bigger than what we have done so far and we weren't going to get there of course without you at home so thank you to each and every single one of you for pulling this off for us to making sure that uh we certainly grow from strength to strength now i did say if the lucky winner does not claim their prize we're going to uh have a lucky winner chosen from the show and the lucky winner who is watching and commenting uh the team has told me is Tashry Combs so congratulations to you Tashry Combs a thousand rands coming your way uh this evening and that is the last time that we're doing that to this evening on the show and we're going to be coming back in the new year with of course loads and loads of great prizes as we often do well for myself as a Mungo Mokko Malo has been such an honor to always be with you every single weekday here and making your property aspirations come true and certainly helping you make better property decisions i am very grateful for the opportunity and we're going to be coming back in the new year we'll be going to have a very safe festive season that you're going to be able to spend time with your family uh be able to rest i know many of us are still going to be sending kind regards emails uh for the for the foreseeable future but we're going to be wrapping it up and hopefully getting some risks well that's it for myself and of course as usual hoping you're staying home and staying safe


only a thought could save the day. I watched as three young Nigerians walked down a clean and well paved road in Lecky Phase 1. This is High Brown Lagos and he dropped the cob of corn with a black cellophane bag, my lung bag. It was one of three but it could have been any one of them. I looked down at the truck down the road. I was torn between picking up the trash and running up to him with it. I visualized stuffing it in the bag that nested on the arm of one of his compatriots.  I had got out of a car in traffic to do the honor of picking a bottle thrown out of a new Honda Accord. I had out of the car I was in and we waited for the traffic lights to go green. I landed the well-dressed but bewildered, offended plastic bottle. Immacally accepted it. However, the passage of time has helped me to realize that there is a bigger problem emanating from our lack of awareness and thoughtlessness. It is frightening how many of us in Lagos have failed to develop a sense of environmental or self-awareness. Some of our acts may not be bad intentions but some of their repercussions have continued to make our way of still life a harrowing experience. The issue of waste disposal is just a touching point of several worthless acts that have become involuntary actions like breathing. In little biology, when an action is produced with the involvement of thoughts, they are called voluntary actions. It involves actions like walking, eating, jumping and running. These actions are produced consciously. Both the spinal cord and the brain are involved and these coordinate with the peripheral nervous system to generate necessary movements. Thoughtlessness is an issue when we do the wrong things automatically. Let's examine the effect of dropping trash on roads. The trash on roads, a lot of times, go into drainages. It drains and the gutters are unable to evacuate water rapidly enough because they are clogged. The overflow floods the roads, flooded roads cause traffic. And some unfortunate motorists might get water in the road compartment of this or a vehicle. He or she would need to pay for some expensive repairs. Over time, the roads also get damaged. More public funds will have to be allocated for road maintenance. Or the road is abandoned to its fate. It becomes an eyesore and a record of a vehicle's suspension. A bad road is also a harbinger of traffic jams and traffic robberies. Every arrange could result in flooding. We have seen pictures of apartments with floating beds. These also result in huge financial losses to individuals or even loss of lives. It is interesting to note that proper waste disposal could drastically reduce the effect of this hail wind. Many people do not understand cause and effects. Too many of us appear to be on autopilot and do things without giving a thought to its repercussion on the environment or others. We need to deliberately start to take this for the future. We need to start teaching the children responsibility. Actions and reactions. We need to teach awareness, both self and environmental awareness. How does shunting in traffic affect others? What of jumping queues and energy thefts? Not paying for services rendered. We need to train the coming generation to see beyond an individual picture so that actions that take into cognisance of communal good will become our new normal. Man, do you know as you were talking? All I could think was, my goodness, how one little action, the ripple effect of it because at first I thought waste disposal is a bad thing. But the more you painted that green picture, the more scared I became that the bad roads. The final challenge of the society we live in from just one thoughtless action that we carry out. Like when I was growing up, I remember that my mom would insist you dare not throw something out of the window or throw a litre or you're going in one of this house. You sit on the floor, you must pick it up. And then the question then becomes is anybody actually telling anyone don't do this? Many years ago it was actually this big bill was around that long road that this is setting up where they talk about you know what litre there was a litre campaign and advocated then of course Kai but I guess suddenly you've triggered something in me I hope it does trigger something in other people and we see some difference with this but it was quite starting for me to realise what thoughtlessness can actually do in the big picture. What I find really amusing in this situation is is it that they don't know or they teach them in school that you should not litre no I mean because I can't fang on it and what actually drives me crazy we've discussed this on the advocate before and what drives me crazy the most is when you see Roma officials these ladies in orange suits or the roads and legos roads in particular sweeping the roads and now sweeping the sand into the water. I mean when they are not trained before they got that job they are compounding the problem and truly we all cannot even do enough and you know the funnest thing waste business is so lucrative if you can key into it you know how much we can make if every household is made to pay the minimum amount for waste disposal how much it could generate the government could generate it's a lot of money that we are not actually making I like it it's a lot of money it can't go without each other because truly the last time we were discussing this point comfort was like what am I going to do with my waste if the government doesn't come and pick it what do I do I'm tired of honestly discussing these issues that you know were things that it's not as if we were not managing these things before you made a very good point I love the way you broke it down the ripple effect it was really well written and when any time mentioned about our parents I can still hear her come and pick that thing did you throw it out of the window is everything alright with you I can still remember it I mean it's the same thing that I do and when did we lose that then what happened to sanitation days I know that there was an issue of yes it was infringing on so we now made it a legal thing so what happened to the legislation and said this was something that was making some headway it was working because we actually became tuned to it at that time in a certain part so why didn't somebody take it off the legislation let us make this into a law so that on these days we have agreed we are going to infringe on our right to move here because we want to clean our country because that's what it should be now we have did you see that devastating picture of the car inside the plastics and all that we don't have the infrastructure to take care of the waste we have an overblotted population that is turning out waste on a daily basis then we have an uncivilized population that does not think anything of as you say you being a car if I see somebody that I don't think okay probably doesn't know but I expect the person who is driving a car who has just picked children from the school in fact you see the mother helping the child wind down the window to toss it out of the window I mean how did we get there you know for me comfort one year I thought your advocacy was brilliant but I believe in Nigeria it's not thoughtlessness it's thoughtful man I'll explain why I was on a flight coming back from outside the country and there was this woman who carried her trash and remember she was having chocolates I don't know why she was having eating lots of chocolates but she dropped them in the trash in the airport way the moment she lands they go let me tell you she is throwing the trash in the plane whoa the same person like really so I don't believe it's thoughtlessness I believe we have trained ourselves to understand that in Nigeria we are all above the law comfort was mentioning legislation it's people that know the constitution that can change the laws I didn't say anything when it's not legislation I do not think that truly that you can actually legislate behaviour I mean I've been on a paradigm shift campaign and that's the things I do communication for development some things I have to do in mindset and that's why I was keen into the fact that the thoughtlessness of it see what you may say it wasn't thoughtlessness the reality is that when you are in different environments there are parts of your brain that just switch mode I'm telling you but I think of money it's about success okay let's have a thoughtful conversation just after this hope next is comfort stay tuned


Welcome everybody. It's a pleasure to have you as participants of this school. It's also my pleasure to organize with school together with Antonia Celani, Matteo Marsili, and Simon Leib. In this video, we want to give you some information about the virtual location of this school and the content and some practical information about how this school will look like. So I'll leave the word to Matteo Marsili to say something about ICTP. Hello, I'm Matteo Marsili from the quantitative life science section of ICTP. And so ICTP was founded in 1964 by Abdul Salam, who was a Nobel Prize in physics, with the mission of sharing scientific knowledge with scientists from all over the world, in particular too, with scientists in developing countries. So indeed, in normal times, we have many visitors, around 5,000 visitors a year in our workshop. We organize around 50 to 60 workshops. That is not possible during these times because of COVID. So this is why we moved most of our activities online. And so ICTP also has a resident faculty of scientists in different areas of physics, spanning from mathematics and high energy and condensed matter, to the newly opened section in quantitative life sciences, and also in earth system physics. So the understanding of the science and actually the interest of theoretical physicists were much broader than physics, because something that characterized the activity of ICTP since its beginning and indeed the activities in mathematical ecology, for example, have been initiated since the early 80s by Simon and co-workers and collaborators, Gross and Hallam. And this is part of this interdisciplinary effort of ICTP, which Antonio will tell us more about. Oh, Jacopo. Yeah, welcome everybody. That's the usual gag. It's a pleasure to welcome you virtually at ICTP for this winter school, which is part of a series of schools that started in 2012. So these schools take place alternately in Trieste at ICTP and in Bangalore at the Institute for Theoretical Science, ICPS, International Center for Theoretical Science. And these schools deal with different subjects which have to do with biology and their subject changes from year to year. So for instance, last year it was about morphogenesis, two years back we had a school on neuroscience and artificial intelligence, and next year we will have a school on the neuroscience of behavior. So it's very diverse in subjects. Also, as you will appreciate, very diverse in participation nationalities. So this year, as you know, everything will be special. Maybe from next year we will resume some part of in-person activities for the school. An opportunity for us to explore new ways of doing schools. So I would be grateful if we can receive after school some feedback from you about the things that you like the most and the ones that you, for which you have suggestions on how we can improve. So maybe from now on we can have sort of the benefits of in-person meetings joined with the benefits of remote meetings as well. And with that, I keep back the floor to Luya. Hello. I'm Simon Movin. I'm at Princeton University. I've been involved with ICTP for nearly 40 years. And in a very long career in theoretical and mathematical ecology, one of my most rewarding experiences has been my long involvement with ICTP. My first experience was in co-directing along with Tom Hallam University of Tennessee, the first school and research workshop on the topic in 1982. And that was before the Adriatic Hotel was even available, so we stayed in town. And I've been involved in a wide variety of schools and workshops ever since on topics that range from ecology to economics, but with a strong dose of climate change and other applications. Gross joined us as a co-director in 1986. Giovanni Vitosich was our contacted ICT. Peef, later followed by Matteo. And Abdus Salam was still the director of ICTP, although we later worked with a very supportive succession of directors. It's been a great experience. The schools and workshops produced a series of texts and research collections, including foundational theoretical work, but also applications to epidemiology, to ecotoxicology, to fisheries, to conservation biology. These topics remain current. You'll hear about them in the next couple of weeks. They're important in the face of biodiversity loss of climate change and the current pandemic that's keeping us really apart. The topics that we addressed in the early meetings remain the core of what we're going to do in this school. But there are a whole new set of issues that I think will occupy the attention of theoretical ecologists in the coming decade. We're largely at the interface between ecology, including biogeochemistry and stoichiometry and economics and the other social sciences. On the one hand, economics and the social sciences are going to help us to better understand collective behavior in non-human groups, as well as other aspects of animal behavior and issues of public goods like nitrogen fixation and cooperation. On the other hand, the interface with human decisions and economics are going to be central to our understanding the global environmental problems facing us, including sustainability and problems of the global commons like climate change. So we will touch on these topics this time. And next time we have one of these, I expect they will have an even bigger role. They represent, for me, the next frontier. In this school, we're going to address a range of fundamental problems in ecology and epidemiology, including the analysis of higher order interactions, of critical transitions and regime shifts, including even links to paleo-ecology. Network methods are going to have special attention. The new cadre of lecturers that we have this year will address some issues we haven't explored here in detail before, like the role of viruses and structuring marine ecosystems, the role of fire in arid and semi-arid savannas. We'll learn about river networks from one of the masters of the subject and about the assembly of ecosystems at multiple scales, from microbes to broader patterns. And the relation to genomics and metagenomics. Of course, diseases will continue to apply a large place, as they must in these times, and with a strong link to phylo dynamics. So welcome to the school. I'm looking forward to it. I expect a very productive few weeks, and I know it will lead to interactions and collaborations that will, for many of you, last the rest of your careers. Thank you. Thanks a lot, Simon, Antonio and Matteo for the interesting and nice words. So I want to share with you some practical information about the school. So, you, most of the information, everything you need to know about the organization of the school is in the website of the school that you can access where you can find the program, the titles of the lecture. But I want to start by introducing you. So you, the participants that are really the fabric of the school are really coming from every corner of our planet. And we accepted more than 275 participants and more are still applying. So we are very happy about this participation and we look forward to the virtual interaction with all of you. So as I said, to URL that are very important one is the website of the school where you can find all the information on the program. It is as it involves many participants and many speaker, it will be changing so please check it regularly. And for every matter concerning the organization of the schools certificate of attendance, please write to the email address in the bottom right of the slide. So, the one of the challenge we had to face in organizing the school is that we have lecturers and participants coming from many different times zones. So we try to make the best possible compromise compromise, which of course is not perfect but we hope is good enough. So most of the lectures all the lectures will be in the European afternoons. And we have from three to five lectures afternoons, and we have different types of activities. In the first days we will have tutorials, which are aimed to be very basic introduction to the technical tools that are needed to understand the following lectures. We have live lectures, and most of the speakers are giving three lectures. Then we have a couple of recorded lectures that will be available on YouTube and on the website. And on the second week of the school there will be a question and answer live with the speakers so please watch the lectures in advance and come to the session with questions. And in the last week of the school we will have other lectures but also seminars and round tables with the lecturers and other speakers. One important aspect of the school is that all the lectures are going to be one hour long, but as you can see from the program, there will be a 50 minute breaks break between the lectures. So this is really a break so you can take a coffee, go away from the screen. But if you want to stay there, we will use breakout rooms and you can have informal conversations with other participants. We will try to mimic the informal interactions that we have in normal times with the schools in present so between lectures there will be times to know other participants discuss about the topics. And all of these will be informal so you can participate if you want. So we will use Zoom for the lectures, for the live lectures. Please install the last version so make sure you have a version 5 or following. So then you can use all the features that we are going to use during lectures. And as I said, of course we cannot find a compromise, a perfect compromise between all the different time zones, but don't worry about that. Every lectures will be recorded and available on YouTube and some of those will be also live stream. So there is also that possibility to follow the lectures. With that, we are really looking forward to meeting you virtually and to this marathon of three weeks of quantitative ecosystem ecology. And we hope to have interesting conversation and discussion with you all. So thank you very much. Thank you. Bye.