Televising Network. I experience a lot in the jobs program. This is what you heard, your connection to what's happening in the federal courts around the country, providing information and ideas that will advance your job and how the courts function. Now with today's program, to court to court. This is the third edition of this educational magazine center. On today's program, we'll learn how several courts manage some high-profile cases. There are words, reactions to electronic case filing. Understand what two legal times really mean, and we'll hear from your court column. It comes to scrutiny about a case of great notoriety reaches the courts that intense spotlight, and sometimes it's quite unexpected. Regardless of the court's location, type or size, the message of our first segment is anticipate these cases. When the sitting governor of Arizona was a single-seated angel with several high-profile animal service, federal and dental service, they set a premium. It's also set up a specific room. This lesson is that the system works. So you can see there's a network of come-to-assisting if that their excellent resource is this book, the Court of Cases, public and topic. The center is making available a 40-hour self-study course for supervisors. Foundations of management was originally developed by the National Independent Study Center. Case scenarios and exercises have been adapted to reflect the work of federal court supervisors and managers called<PHONE_NUMBER>. A separate course is available for probation and pretrial services managers to request that version called 202-502. One response to that segment, which we reported on in our second program, suggested that we will see that involved. Alex Garcia is a New York attorney who handles many bankruptcy cases. He was wary of electronic case filing at first. I was a little worried about this new type of file because it was not similar to me. We're all humans and we're all resistant to change. And this is a significant institutional change. It's a cultural change. In 1996, the District Court for the Northern District of Ohio mandated that all pleadings in the specialized maritime asbestos litigation be filed electronically. Through the internet, the court has received more than 165,000 pleadings for 16,000 cases. I would say that the greatest impediment to the buyer's utilization of electronic case filing is their lack of familiarity and understanding of the system. Because of not knowing how to... Garcia overcame his hesitation with the help of the staff of the Southern District of New York bankruptcy court. On the Chapter 7, they were saving the money. Either their firms, they became assistance. It gives me flexibility in myself to finally do business hours and do it in the hours that the court is open. Garcia's use has grown dramatically. I'd say about 50% of my Chapter 7 petitions through the... Firms working with Morris' clerk's office are also enthusiastic. We saw that as an opportunity to move forward on something that we perceived and I think correctly would be a wave of the future. But the future means a cultural change. An increased speed and convenience only goes so far in getting the bar to use, E.C.F. We can encourage and, if necessary, cajole the attorneys into agreeing to put the case. However, it ultimately... It has to depend to a great extent. I think how does one get attorneys to go along with it or to agree to give them to use it? It's way someone comes to you, uses the system, takes a lot of time. When you get terrific training from the court, the on-the-ground training in the law firm is probably the most important because it gets the attorneys comfortable with the system. Younger attorneys are automatically comfortable with the system because they grow up utilizing computers. Good morning. My name is Tresson, a but not a computer. I have to turn over the phone for coming to this theater. It often means one-on-one attention which can become a resource issue for a court. A spirit always markets it, whether it's internally or with the bar, and getting out there, just getting out there and sitting down with folks one-on-one or in group environment to demonstrate the system and make ourselves available whenever called and they can. Still ahead of the court report, we'll hear about being with deaf people what jurisdiction and areas really mean and find out what you say. Please fill in the evaluation form available in your program materials or online on the JVET. The use of voting services is a different system. As well as your questions, we first have many requests to help understand two words that are used every day in the courts, jurisdiction and babies. Here with these words to know is my colleague, our times of humor in the phrase, do we have jurisdiction in this case? Do you ever wonder what jurisdiction really means? Jurisdiction is simply the authority of power of a court to hear and decide a case. To better understand this concept, let's talk first about the differences between state and federal jurisdiction. State courts are considered courts of general jurisdiction. Their authority extends to civil disputes, criminal prosecutions, divorce and family issues and probate. Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. Their authority to decide a case arises from a specific federal statute or from a provision of the U.S. Constitution. Most cases come into the federal courts because they involve disputes between citizens of different states or because they involve violation of federal law. But wait this more. In both state and federal courts, jurisdiction is also divided into original and appellate. Original jurisdiction means a court has the power to hear a case in the first time. Trials are held in courts with original jurisdiction. These would be the lower courts in the federal system. Appellate jurisdiction refers to the power of an appeals court to review decisions of lower courts and either let stand those decisions or overturn them. In the federal system, the appellate courts are the 13 circuit courts of appeal and the Supreme Court that may decide a case only when it has the authority or the jurisdiction to do so. Now let's consider abeas. You most often hear this term used in the phrase a writ of abeas corpus which sometimes is shortened to simply abeas. Abeas corpus is Latin meaning to have petition for a writ of abeas corpus is filed in court with the intent to obtain the release of someone wrongfully imprisoned. Abeas proceedings led that a conviction violates the defendant's constitutional or statutory rights or that the sentence imposed violates those rights. A petition for a writ of abeas corpus is filed in a case only after all trials are concluded and are in which the petition is filed must then decide whether there has been a violation of the defendant's rights. If the petition is denied including ultimately a U.S. Supreme Court the most dramatic use of abeas is in death penalty cases. Congress recently has placed flingent restrictions on someone may use abeas petitions. We'll hear more about this in our next segment next program with more words to know. Bob said Congress has enacted legislation that affects abeas corpus petitions. The anti-terrorism and effective death penalty law limits defendants to filing only one federal abeas petition except in unusual circumstances and it must be filed within one year of the date judgment becomes final. As the frequency of death penalty case executions increases the likelihood that a court will handle last minute filings also increases. Courts are dealing with people's lives and we all want to ensure that requests by the petitioners are processed as quickly as per the recent presentation to appellate the U.S. Supreme Court to manage this all. Courts determine which cases are emergencies and not.  This is something that I do every week. It normally will list the upcoming executions for the next month. This execution is rising. Last year there were 68 executions. Through the middle of May this year there have been 44. This year 19 incidents where the morning year has actually expired except because there was some type of out. Perhaps a person to know next successive petitions too needs to have a tracking system where they can look up to see whether or not this person has ever filed an appellate petition before. Defendants must request permission from an appellate court to file a successive appellate petition. To the appellate court is going to get a request for authorization to file a successive petition without having any decision from the district court below. So they're going to be seeing these in the first instance. For all court staff the keys to managing death penalty. Information. If you deal with the same person over and over to the execution date so that all of the courts know what is going on then we in turn call the Supreme Court. This is normally or not in the building because the age you are aware of is trying to track them all. Do you want to carry cell phones or beepers with them or not be disturbed? It can be understandable now given the volume of cases we're getting in 10 a month. Should make your advice for court staff? Find out who is handling the case in district court. Communicate with your judges about important information. Communicate with your own staff so that their court Most courts doesn't make one person to deal with death penalty cases. I think whoever it is needs to be someone who does it all the time so that that person does become even if something came up that I was not in the office where the clerk wasn't in the very precituation so nothing will fall through the audience with the rules. Are you in the clerk's office going to say I'm sorry this does not comply with our rules? Please review this and submit. I don't think so but the hour before the execution I am not going to be the one to not accept something. The justices don't want it fine. They can tell me that but not me. Our court does not allow the other side. I mean it's to our benefit if both sides know what's going on because then we can get things even quicker and that usually is what our goal is is to get all the papers and get them all to our judges so that they can make the decisions. And that's the final line. What do you tell them? If the state calls you and says have you heard anything? Do you know what's going on? I normally won't tell them. I may say I've talked to them and I think they're going to file something. I won't obviously tell them what the issues are at that point. And the felicitaries are afraid I'm going to tell her that this is what I'm doing. The justices can go ahead and tell the state AG. Well I won't and especially if they've told me not to I will not. And so frequently is the case court colleagues are one of the best sources of help. So I would suggest getting in touch with a circuit where the district court is already doing this and find out what it is that they're doing and what's working and what's not. And we advise this court staff to plan for the emotions of handling these cases. It need to keep in mind there is something that is stressful like it with other people in the other courts who do this all the time because sometimes it does become so routine and then all of a sudden you think about when. For a selected district judge Kern Smith of San Francisco as the new director of the Federal Condition Center. Judge Smith succeeds Judge Ria Zabel who in July will return to the US District Court in Massachusetts after four years as director. Since 1996 Judge Smith has served as chair of the traditional conference advisory committee under rules of evidence. She has been district judge in California since 1988 and has written and spoken extensively on obdentiary matters, trial practice, and I go filming Chief Deputy Clerk in the bankruptcy court of the southern district of Florida. She writes we have our staff told me from seeing the different situations facing other courts and how they handle them. They like seeing real deputy clerks and how they interact. This program helps us understand that all court units face the same issues and we can learn from each other. We're glad to know we've facilitated Dr. Fisher, a book of the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals in Denver also made up of this woman because you hear what Brown's evaluation forms several of your colleagues commented that they'd like to have more information in each segment. Typical was Kathleen Johnson's comment from the District of Utah. She said the information given was to turn out maybe too many topics were covered in a short time frame. Possibly over one area and more you may have noticed in today's program. We've responded to these concerns and have included fewer but longer segments. Your reaction and evaluation of what we've covered and how we're doing it will help us bring you the information you want. See this comment from Chief Judge Paul Matalla District Court of the Northern District of Ohio. One of the things that some of the staff have, in the case of them, feel as though they are part of the important because I provide training to them in this fashion. It indicates to them that we value their services and that we want them to if we want you to enforce this program. Here's the Jnet address you can use to send us your comments. Click on Court to Court and then select Online Evaluation. We encourage you to give us an evaluation of today's program which you can do back some number that's<PHONE_NUMBER>. Be sure to check the FJT in Bulletin or the FJC website for the air date of the next edition of Perspectives on Probation and Pre-File Services. We'll be back in October with a look at putting strategic planning to work in your court and either of our staff here at the Federal Judicial Center. I'm Michael Bergen. Thank you for watching.


The title of the sermon is fight the good fight of faith We are in part two and we're working through this paragraph in 1st Timothy chapter 6 verses 11 through 16 today We'll be focusing primarily beginning at verse 13 Where the Bible says I urge you in the sight of God who gives life to all things and before Christ Jesus who witnessed The good confession before Pontius Pilate that you keep this commandment without spot Blameless until our Lord Jesus Christ appearing which he will manifest in his own time He who is the blessed and only potentate the king of kings and Lord of lords who alone has immortality Dwelling in unapproachable light whom no man has seen or can see to whom be honor and everlasting power Amen October 14th 1735 John and Charles Wesley set sail on the Simmons from Graveson and Kent Bound for Savannah, Georgia in the American colonies where John Wesley had planned to be a pastor on the four-month journey to cross the Atlantic Wesley observed the faith of 25 Moravian settlers traveling with him it was an observation that Wesley would later report as Convicting him that he had no genuine saving faith of his own Wesley writes in his journal on Sunday, January 25th in 1736 He says at seven. I went to the Germans. I had long before observed the great seriousness of their behavior of their humility they had given a continual proof by performing those servile offices for the other passengers Which none of the English would undertake for which they desired and would receive no pay saying it was good for their proud Hearts and their loving savior had done more for them and Every day had given them occasion of showing a meekness which no injury could move if they were pushed Struck or thrown down they rose again and went away, but no complaint was found in their mouth There was now an opportunity of trying whether they were delivered from the spirit of fear as well as from that of pride anger and revenge In the midst of the psalm where with their service began the sea broke over Split the mainsail and pieces covered the ship and poured in between the decks as if the great deep had already swallowed us up a Terrible screaming began among the English the Germans calmly sung on I asked one of them afterwards Were you not afraid and he answered I thank God no I Asked again, but were you not your women and your children afraid and he replied mildly no our women and children are not afraid to die From them Wesley says I went to their crying Trembling neighbors and pointed out to them the difference in this hour of trial Between him that feareth God and him that feareth him not and at 12 the wind fell and this was the most glorious day Which I have hitherto seen Have you ever asked yourself I have many times How people without a view of God? Without a view of his power Without a view of his sovereignty Without a view of his grace without a view of his mercy without a view of his kindness How they make it through the many storms in this life This life is full of storms How does a lost person manage the loss of a child the loss of a loved one a battle with cancer a horrific accident a Horrific divorce all without hope all without God without a view of his grace Without a view toward faith in Christ The Christian life itself is often a storm the battle of sin The chastening with God chastening of God often it seems like one trial after another one Difficulty after another and we're reminded that Paul says we must through many tribulations enter the kingdom of God But there is a difference brothers and sisters There is a difference in the hour of trial between him that feareth God and him that feareth him not It is all the difference in our battle Is the grace of God And the glory of God in our view It is the grace of God. It is the glory of God. It is the majesty of God It is our knowledge of him. It is his mercy his kindness It is his patience with us All of that it is his sovereignty his providence His ultimate and complete control over all things that come to pass It is our hope in him. It is our faith in Christ that gets us through the tribulations of this life In first Timothy chapter 6 verse 12 We received a charge from paul to fight the good fight of faith In that fight we are to flee sin We're to pursue righteousness We are to lay hold of eternal life and lay hold of that for which christ jesus has laid hold of us Isaac watz writes sure i must fight if i would reign So increase my courage lord I'll bear the toil endure the pain supported by thy word Thy saints in all this glorious war Shall conquer though they die They see the triumph from afar by faith's discerning eye In verses 13 to 16 in our text today Our eyes of faith are lifted above the scarred landscape of the battlefield that we're in Above any self-centered side of our own circumstances. We are lifted today to stunning heights in the word of god carried If you will on eagles wings To behold a majestic display of the glory of god in our circumstances The glory of god in which the christian life finds its chief end in its chief purpose To a staggering view of joy and hope in the christian life that is only possible When the lord of glory increases as john the baptist says and we decrease When you humble yourself and exalt christ when you see yourself as unworthy even to unloose the strap of his sandal When you focus on him in the midst of the battle When you fully trust him in your circumstances when you behold his glory his majesty his grace his mercy Only then you will agree With the prophet isaias who said those who hope in the lord will renew their strength They will soar on wings like eagles. They will run and not grow weary and they will walk and not be faint There is hope. There is joy. There is strength. There is encouragement. There is power For the battle and it is a view of the glory of god This morning i want you to find hope in the battle whatever trial you face whatever difficulty you're in Find hope in the battle If you have grown faint and weary Faint and weary in your battle with sin faint and weary in your circumstances I want you to consider christ and renew your strength If you're plotting along in the dirt of your own circumstances In the mud of your own filth and sin I want you to consider the lord the lord calls you to soar on wings like eagles Do not grow weary in doing will doing well. You will surely reap if you faint not You've been given a charge christian You've been given a commandment today paul calls you to consider the source Paul calls on timothy and down through the ages you and i to fulfill our duty based on who god is And today we'll examine the charge that you've been given you've been given the charge to fight the good fight of faith We'll see that charge in view of god's power We'll see that charge point two in view of his example the example of christ We'll see that charge in view of his authority In view of his appearing and point five in view of his glory First in view of god's power the call to salvation Is a call to fight the good fight of faith to wage the good warfare To flee sin to pursue righteousness to lay hold of eternal life This charge has been given to you by almighty god who gives and preserves life Point two we have this charge in view of the example of christ the call to salvation Is a call to follow christ Christ said that he who does not give up all that he has Cannot be my disciple and christ freely laid down his life for the good confession And that's a confession that you and i are charged to make ourselves Third we'll see our call in view of his authority The call to salvation is a call to submit to his lordship The grace of god that brings salvation teaches us to deny ungodliness and worldly lust Point four we'll see our charge in view of his appearing Those effectually called to salvation Look for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great god and savior jesus christ And lastly we'll see our charge this commandment in view of his glory You are to say with paul the lord will deliver me from every evil work And preserve me for his heavenly kingdom to him be glory forever and ever Amen It's for the glory of god Let's begin with point one where to see our charge our commandment This war this battle in view of his power in verse 13 paul says i urge you timothy I urge you in the sight of god who gives life to all things Timothy was in the midst of a great trial in emphasis. He was facing Opposition tremendous opposition from false teachers They were wreaking havoc on the lives of the people and timothy was charged with protecting them He was looked down on for being young and remember he was in his 40s There was a lack of experience timothy had a lack of experience in pastoral ministry and life for timothy and emphasis was very difficult He faced a great trial a great difficulty so much though that he had to be reminded in second timothy chapter 1 Verse 7 that timothy god has not given us a spirit of fear Christian god has not given us a spirit of fear if you're in difficulty if you're in trial God has not given us a spirit of fear But of power and of love and of a sound mind If you're in christ you have power that has been given you You have access to the means of grace you have an access to power and you have love the love of god The love of christ the love of your brother and you have a sound mind because you have the wisdom of god in your hands God has not given us a spirit of fear timothy here needed strength He needed an urging he needed an encouragement He needed a refreshed view of his charge and he needed a fresh view of almighty god who gave it to him Paul begins verse 13 with parangelo. I urge you and it's used here of an authoritative announcement an authoritative command And with those words.  Here am i lord send me He got raptured in a glimpse of god's glory and it beefed him up for the charge Here am i lord send me There's only one source of hope in the christian life. There's only one source of strength in the christian life There's only one source of wisdom in the christian life. There's only one source of courage in the christian life There's only one source of blessedness in the christian life. That is the omnipotent god who gives life to all things God's ultimate and unlimited power is seen in the fact that he gives life to all things we know from Genesis chapter 1 verse 1 that in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. However the word here for created for gives life is present and active which means that this is also the power of God demonstrated in providentially preserving and sustaining all things that he's created. God not only gives life initially but he preserves and sustains life as well. Listen Christian, he has given you life and he sustains you. If you are outside of Christ he has given you life and he sustains you even now. Take a deep breath with me. Glory beats a God, right? He has given you life and sustains you and it is him that I proclaimed to you this morning. Go with me to Acts chapter 17. Acts chapter 17. Let's catch a glimpse of this.  In Acts chapter 17, look beginning in verse 24.  There are those of you here this morning, many of you that don't know the Lord of glory. You've never turned from your sin, you've never repented and put your faith and trust and reliance in him alone to save you from sin.  Beginning in verse 24 the Bible says God who made the world and everything in it since he is Lord of heaven and earth does not dwell in temples made with hands nor is he worshiped with men's hands as though he needed anything since he gives to all life and breath and all things. He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on the face of the earth and has determined their pre-appointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings so that for the purpose that they should seek the Lord.  It is for the purpose that you should seek the Lord of glory and worship him and is done in the hope that they might grope for him and find him though he is not far from each one of us. For and listen to the sustaining power of God for in him we live and we move and we have our being as also some of your own prophets have said for we also are his offspring. Therefore since we are the offspring of God we ought not to think that the divine nature is like gold or silver or stone something shaped by art and man's devising. We shouldn't also think that it's by man's wicked and depraved reasoning apart from the scriptures. You may think to yourself that you can live as you want to and that God is simply going to forgive you. That is a God of your own making. You've created a figment of your own imagination. Verse 30, God says, truly these times of ignorance God has overlooked but now commands all men everywhere to repent and that is based on the authority of God who gives life to all things and that is because he has a point of the day on which he will judge the world in righteousness by the man whom he has ordained and he has given assurance of this to all by raising him from the dead.  If our omnipotent God sustains and preserves life then certainly the omnipotent God can raise the dead to eternal life and this thought that God raises from the dead is both at the same time unimaginably glorious and unimaginably terrifying. Daniel chapter 12 verse 2 says, those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake. Some of them will awake to everlasting life and some will awake to shame and everlasting contempt.  He says in verse 3, those who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the firmament and those who turn many to righteousness like the stars forever and ever. What does it mean? What is it to turn someone to righteousness? That's the gospel, that's evangelism, that is the great commission to turn people to righteousness to worship the Lord.  Christ calls to you now, come to me. Come to me all you who are weary and heavy-layed and I will give you rest. Humble yourself even now. Will you continue? Knowing this of God, will you continue in your rebellion against him? Some of you even now with the preaching of God's word and hearing truth from God's word are hard-hearted toward his word and it is like a seed. He's in a tile floor. His word can't even pierce your stony, prideful, wicked, rebellious heart. Will you not humble yourself even now? This is the omnipotent God who created you and this is his word. Will you not soften your heart and repent from your sin? Will you not turn to him? Remember me, Lord, you cry out. Be merciful to me, the sinner. Will you not turn to Christ now for forgiveness, for pardon, for that pride and that rebellion? Will you not turn to him for pardon, from sin, for a new heart, for removal from guilt, for cleansing? Flee the wrath of God. Do you imagine somehow that God is pleased with how you're living your life? Can you imagine even now how God is pleased with your hard heart? Flee the wrath of God. There will be an accountability. You will stand before God and give an account of your life, both small and great in judgment and he will judge each one according to his works. He'll judge you according to the condition of your heart. Even now, find refuge in Christ. Abandon your wickedness. Abandon your pride. Abandon your sin. Commit to follow him now and you'll find rest for your soul, for he is rich in mercy, abounding in grace. If you will turn to him, if you will turn to him, he not only has omnipotent power to give life, omnipotent power to sustain life, omnipotent power to resurrect the dead, but he has omnipotent power to keep you, to preserve you, to preserve you until the end that you might be saved.  Neither shall anyone snatch them out of my hand. My father who has given them to me is greater than all and no one is able to snatch them out of my father's hand.  It's an awesome, awesome thought. This is the awesome power of God. Knowing that God has power over life and death, knowing that God can raise the dead and preserve the living should enable us.   Paul doesn't stop here with the power of God. He urges Timothy and you and I down through the ages to consider our charge, to fight the good fight of faith, point to in view of Christ's example. We're to consider our charge in view of Christ's example. Paul says, I urge you Timothy, before Christ Jesus who witnessed the good confession before Pontius Pilate. In his first statement, Paul ushers Timothy, ushers us into the very presence of God, into the very throne room of God, that we live our charge in the sight of God who gives life to all things. With this next statement, he takes us by the hand and he leads us into the praetorium on the morning of Christ's crucifixion.  He witnessed Christ did the good confession before Pontius Pilate, knowing that his confession would cost him his life, knowing that he was about to die. This is great courage and this is to be an example to us. Turn with me to John chapter 18. Let's see this scene unfold. John chapter 18, beginning in verse 33. And look at the example here of our Lord. Take encouragement from this Christian. If you want to live the Christian life, if you want to live out your charge, keep the commandment blameless and without spot or blemish, if you want to soar on wings like eagles, then get a view of the glory of God, the power of God, and take heed here to the example of our Lord. John chapter 18, beginning in verse 33, the Bible says, then Pilate entered the Praetorium again, called Jesus and said to him, are you the king of the Jews? And Jesus answered him, are you speaking for yourself about this, or did others tell you this concerning me? And Pilate answered, am I a Jew? Your own nation and the chief priests have delivered you to me. What have you done? And Jesus answered in verse 36, my kingdom is not of this world. If my kingdom were of this world, my servants would fight so that I should not be delivered to the Jews. But now my kingdom is not from here. And Pilate therefore said to him, are you a king then? And Jesus answering the good confession, witnessing, bearing witness to this great confession answered, you say rightly that I am a king. For this cause I was born, and for this cause I have come into the world, that I should bear witness to the truth. And everyone who is of the truth hears my voice. Jesus bore witness to the truth of his confession, that he was the Messiah, that he was the anointed one, he is the coming king. And he affirmed that truth with uncompromising faithfulness, even to the point of death, even death on the cross. That's why Revelation chapter 1, verse 5 calls him the faithful witness. Christ is a faithful witness. Having given witness to this confession, even unto death, Jesus Christ becomes the example, the chief example, to those who would bear witness to the same confession even until their death, if need be. He bore witness to the confession that he then passes on to us, and we are to take that confession, bear witness to that confession as he did. And it is a confession that our brothers and sisters throughout history have carried. Knowing God who gives life, who raised him from the dead as a seal of his approval, knowing that we also can keep his charge to give witness, to bear witness to the good confession even unto death. Knowing that, Christian, there will be a resurrection for us also. God has the power to give life. God has the power to sustain life. God has the power to preserve it. God has the power to raise life, to raise you from the dead. Knowing that there will be a resurrection for us as well should motivate you to live out your charge, to fight the good fight of faith. We've seen our brothers and sisters in history who've carried that witness, who have proclaimed that confession even unto death. We're to take encouragement from them. We're to look at their example, and we're to have the same confidence. It is said that James the Just, the half-brother of Jesus Christ, was thrown from the pinnacle of the temple and then stoned to death after making that confession. Stephen bears witness to that confession to his death in Acts chapter 7. Peter was crucified upside down bearing witness to that confession. Paul bearing witness to that confession was beheaded. Andrew bearing witness to that confession was crucified. Justin Martyr bearing witness to that confession said that we worship the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who was preached in advance by the prophets. They foretold that he was about to visit the human race as the herald of salvation and the teacher of good disciples. And for that good confession Justin Martyr was scourged and beheaded. Walter Mill burned at the stake for having confessed that the death of Christ was a once-for-all sacrifice for sin. The morning star of the Reformation, John Wycliffe, went to the stake to burn to death for the confession that Jesus Christ is the head of his church rather than the pope in Rome. These brothers and sisters went to the stake, went to the death, bearing the confession that Christ himself bore witness to in the Praetorium that morning. And we Christians, brothers and sisters, we are to carry the same confession even if it costs us our own life. He who does not give up all that he has cannot be my disciple. Do you love Christ that much? Do you value him? Is he that precious to you? Remember these stories, these stories of Christian martyrs are not met with mourning. The stories of the Christian martyrs are met with triumph, with victory. They rejoiced that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name. These are those of whom the world is not worthy. Acts 1-8 says that you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you shall be witnesses to me. And you cannot properly call yourself a follower of Christ unless you are witnesses for him. William Boyd in 1864 said this, Fight the good fight with all thy might. Christ is thy strength and Christ is thy right. Lay hold on life and it shall be thy joy and crown eternally.   That's when you look to the glory of God.  You look to the protection of God. You look to the enablement of God. You look to the encouragement of God. You look to the power of his spirit. You look to the example of Christ. You follow him by faith. You remember Isaac Watts again. Must I be carried to the skies on flowery beds of ease while others fought to win the prize and sailed through bloody seas? Our faith comes to us on a sea of blood on a river of sacrifice. And do we expect that we'll enter the skies on flowery beds of ease? You must keep your charge. You must battle to keep your charge without blame, without spot. You're to do that in view of the glory of God, the example of Christ. But point three, we must keep our charge in view of his authority. We have this charge from God because he is authoritative over us. He has all authority. All authority has been given to the Son and now we have the charge that has passed along to us. In verse 14, Timothy is to keep this commandment without spot and blameless. Certainly the commandment here refers to those commands Timothy has just received in verses 11 and 12. He is to flee evil, flee wickedness. He is to pursue righteousness. He is to fight the good fight of faith and he is to lay hold on eternal life. But also this commandment has in view the charges that he's received throughout this letter to charge some. Timothy that they teach no other doctrine in chapter one. Timothy to take heed to yourself and to to your doctrine in chapter four. Timothy to guard the deposit that was entrusted to you in chapter six. And these commandments we are to keep. We're to keep them without spot and blameless. And these commandments to us come to us in the form of all the commandments that we see in Scripture. These commandments were given to us by our Lord in the pages of the Bible. And we are to obey from the heart with all our heart soul mind and strength. The word keep here means to watch over to guard or to protect. And we are to do that without spot, blameless, without stain, without reproach, such that when an accusation comes it has no ability to stick to you.  There is no way for an accusation to stick. They can hurl and will hurl false accusations, but that's all that they can do. We're to keep our commandment blameless without spot. Peter says in second Peter chapter three, therefore beloved, looking forward to these things, be diligent to be found by him in peace without spot and blameless. What is Peter talking about there? Looking forward to these things, those things that mark the end of the age, our view of Christ's imminent return, our inheritance in heaven, our citizenship in heaven, our eternal life with Christ, worshipping the Lamb who was slain from before the foundation of the world. We're to keep that in view as we fight the good fight of faith. So additionally here we are to keep our charge, we're to wage the good warfare, fight the good fight of faith in view point four of his appearing in view of Christ appearing. Paul says to Timothy that you keep this commandment until our Lord Jesus Christ appearing, which he will manifest in his own time. You have not fully, Christian, you've not fully kept your charge. You haven't finished the race until you stand before the Lord either in death or at his second coming from our glimpse of the throne room and the glory of God in heaven to our view of the Praetorium, the kangaroo court with Christ. Now we look forward to the second coming and a view of the imminent return of the Lord Jesus Christ. These views of God the Father and of the Lord Jesus Christ should govern your view of your circumstances. All of your circumstances, no matter how difficult you imagine them to be, how difficult they seem to be to you, how frightened you are, how weak you feel, how inadequate you feel to face them, your circumstances, your view of your circumstances should be thrust through a view of God's glory, of God's power, of Christ's example. They should govern your view of your circumstances. Listen to this scene as described by Christ himself in Matthew chapter 24. For as the lightning comes, the Bible says, from the east and flashes to the west, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. For wherever the carcass is, there the eagles will be gathered together. Immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light. The stars will fall from heaven and the power of the heavens will be shaken. Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the heavens and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he will send his angels with the sound of a great trumpet and they will gather together his elect from the four winds from one end of heaven to the other. The believer is to look forward to the imminent return of Christ with great anticipation. The unbeliever should look forward to the imminent return of Christ in great fear, in great understanding of his danger with a certain fearful expectation of judgment because our God is a consuming fire. Paul near the end of his charge said this beginning in 1 Timothy chapter 4 verse 6. Paul said, for I am already being poured out as a drink offering and the time of my departure is at hand. I have fought the good fight. I have finished the race and I have kept the faith. Would you like to be able to say that with Paul? Amen. He's kept the commandment. He's kept his charge. Listen to what he says in verse 8. Finally he says, there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness which the Lord, the righteous judge, will give me on that day. And not only to me, but to who?  If you're a Christian, you look forward with great anticipation to the return of Christ. Lord Jesus, come quickly. Come quickly. And when he comes, he comes to take his own with him. And he is prepared for you mansions in heaven. Prepared for you a glorious inheritance. But if you're not in Christ, in Christ comes. Christ does not come as the suffering servant. Christ comes next in judgment to execute judgment. There is great accountability with the charge that God has given. You are created for his glory, created to worship him. What have you done with your life? This is a commandment from God. Paul knows that our charge is authoritative. It comes from God who gives life to all things. He knows that our charge is demanding. We are to keep it without spot and blameless. And Paul knows that our charge is lifelong. With a view to either our death where we'll stand in the presence of God, or a view to the second coming of Christ, Christ appearing. Is there anything less that is required of the Christian today? Does God expect anything less? Is that not what the Word of God says? How should you be living your Christian life in view of these realities, in view of God, in view of the Lord Jesus Christ? We're to live our life in view of these depictions given us by the Word of God, the power of God, the glory of God, the example of Christ. In view of his imminent return. Lastly, we are to fulfill our charge in view of his glory, in view of his glory. We're to fight the good fight of faith, knowing whom we fight for. We're to wage the good warfare with a view of the glory of God in the battle. Verse 15, Paul goes on to say, this is God who is the blessed and only potentate, the king of kings and Lord of lords, who alone has immortality, dwelling in unapproachable light, who no man has seen or can see, to whom be honor and everlasting power. Amen. In verse 15, we get a glorious view of the majesty of God. Philip Graham Reichen calls verse 15 a victory song. This is a view to the end, a view to our victory and a view of the glory of God. Though the charge is immense, though the battle is fierce, the God who calls you is far greater and more able to enable you for it and to see you through it. Verse 15 describes the matchless majesty and the incomparable greatness of God. He begins that God is blessed, the only potentate is blessed. The word means happy, means completely content within himself, coupled with the other adjective here only and blessed describe the potentate. This is God the Father and it is God alone who possesses within himself all that is necessary for perfect contentment, perfect satisfaction and complete happiness within himself. Some things, now think about it, some things may please God and other things may not please him but he is completely content. Why is that? Because God controls everything. God is completely sovereign. Things may please God, things may displease God, but God can be completely content, completely happy, completely satisfied within himself because God ordains all things to work for the end of his own glory, for the end of his own majesty in that sense, God working all things to the end of his own glory is that perfect peace. Now think about that for the believer, the implications of this.  Knowing that God is sovereign and promises to work all things together for our good means that the believer himself can be at complete peace no matter what trial you're going through. Knowing that God is blessed in and of himself and controls all things to work according to his glory. Peace is not something that is grounded in our own circumstances. Happiness is not grounded in our own circumstances. Contentment, satisfaction is not grounded in our own circumstances but rather grounded in the reality that a wholly just, perfect and blessed God is a sovereign control of all things.  In him then, the believer can be blessed and the only source of blessing for a human being that God has created in given life, the only source of blessing is God himself. The only way that we can be truly blessed, truly content, truly satisfied is in proximity to God the Father.  No true happiness, no true peace, no true blessing is possible apart from him. He is in complete control because he is the only potentate, the only sovereign, King of Kings and Lord of Lords. Many think that we're talking about Christ when the Bible says King of Kings and Lord of Lords, but this was the title for God, the Father in the Old Testament in Deuteronomy chapter 10. The Bible says for the Lord your God is God of Gods and Lord of Lords, the great God, mighty and awesome. Psalm 136 verse 3, O give thanks to the Lord of Lords for his mercy endures forever. It's interesting that Christ takes on this title as well. It's given to Christ in Revelation 17 and Revelation 19 where both call Christ Lord of Lords, King of Kings represents here the deity of Christ. God will not share his glory with another and yet both are called King of Kings, Lord of Lords. Here, God alone is sovereign. He is not sovereign to an extent. All authority is in him and any other authority is derived from him. All authority is given by him that we are familiar with. Any authority that you see is derived only from God. He alone is sovereign. He alone, he alone has immortality. He is one alone who is unable to die. Being unable to die, it means that he is untouched by sin. He is completely other, completely perfect, completely holy, untouched, unstained by sin. Being untouched by sin, he dwells in unapproachable light. The scriptures often connect God and his glory with light. But here, this light is unapproachable. In the same way that the sun gives warmth and life and light to the earth, but if you get too close, you'll be vaporized. God is in unapproachable light.  Our hope is to see God in Christ. Colossians says, he is the image, Christ is the image of the invisible God. First John 3, verse 2 says, Beloved, now we are children of God and it has not yet been revealed what we shall be. But we know that when he is revealed, we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is. God alone is sovereign. God alone has immortality. He dwells in unapproachable light, but he is God whom no man has seen or can see, can, speaks of capability or power. It's in the middle voice. It means that there is nothing within us that enables us to be able to see God. God has said in Exodus 33 that no one shall see me and live. He is entirely other. And to him be honor and everlasting power. Honor speaks to the value of something. The word is team A. It's where we get our word, our name. Timothy. Timothy, man of honor. Honor here speaks of the value of something. Everlasting power speaks of God's dominion. God is in possession of such force, such strength that it affords God ultimate and complete supremacy. He is to be honored. He has everlasting power. And the phrase ends, amen. So it is, so let it be. That amen there calls every reader to respond to the truth of God's word. All God's people said, amen to him be honor and everlasting power. If you're here today and you're not a Christian, do you know who you're dealing with? You caught a glimpse of God's power. God has power to carry out justice, power to execute judgment, power to inflict punishment, power displayed in his eternal wrath against sinners. Have you caught a view of Christ's example? Christ's example and all that he has done for sinners should shame your rebellious heart. Should shame you into submission for all that Christ has done for sinners. Gave his own life on Calvary. God's authority condemns you. He made you. He has right to rule and reign over you. Christ appearing, if you're outside of Christ, should be terrifying to you. The thought of the imminent return, the fact that Christ could return at any moment, should terrify you and compel you to repentance, to put your faith in him, to save you from the wrath of God, and a view of God's glory. God will glorify himself in displaying his perfect attributes of power, his perfect attribute of justice, and his judgment against you for all eternity.  Fight the good fight of faith. Fight the good fight of faith in view of God's power being sustained and enabled by him. In view of Christ's example, being motivated by the example that Christ displayed in his life and on his way to Calvary, being motivated by our Lord's example. Fulfill your charge in joyful response to God's authority. All of our life is to glorify God, and it is great authority we joyfully commit ourselves to the charge to live for his glory alone. View your charge in light of Christ's appearing, in view of the end of our race, in view of the end of the battle where sin and death will be fully and finally vanquished when we are present with the Lord in paradise. In view your charge, execute the commandments for the majesty and splendor of the glory of God to whom be honor and everlasting power. And all God's people said, amen, let's pray. Father in heaven, thank you for this glorious text of scripture. Thank you Lord for the views that we have of your majesty, God, the throne room, you being high and lifted up majestic in power and glory and honor and praise and worship. Or thank you for the glorious example that we have in Christ. Thank you for all that he accomplished in his life and on the cross on behalf of wicked sinners like our brothers and sisters here like me. And thank you that he bore the penalty in his body on the tree that we might live for Christ, might live Lord for your glory. Thank you Lord for that view of your glory, the view of Christ appearing, the view of that end of our race where you will fully and finally glorify us God and take us home to be with you in paradise. God thank you for that glorious inheritance that you've given us. What an unimaginable and unspeakable gift to be in heaven with the saints in glory, worshiping and praising you for all eternity. Thank you God for all that you've done. It is absolutely amazing, lavished grace and we worship you God for it and we'll worship you for all eternity with the saints in heaven for you God to whom be power and honor and worship and praise and everlasting glory. It's in the name of Christ that we pray these things. Amen.


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If the address is 0 to 255 that is all 0s and all 1s consequently each segment in the address is anywhere between 0 to 255 so a typical address would be <IP_ADDRESS> or 250.something something something how will you know whether the address is class A, class B, class C or class D? simple no, not necessarily beginning with one because decimal one is not necessarily the first bit one so what you have to do is you have to translate 191 into binary and consider the first few bits to determine what address it is there are some special addresses for example <IP_ADDRESS> means this host that is me myself 255 is all host 127.anything is a look back that means I am the transmitter and I am also the receiver the host address could be divided into subnet address and host address so subnet is that part which describes the network address and host address is that part which describes the host so why do we require special IP address? well for example let me just explain this look back thing there are occasions when I just want to test whether my network protocol software is working alright or not now rather than bothering somebody else if I can test with myself that will be ideal now this requirement was so peculiar in the early days of networking that people decided to give that special address 127 is the first byte only you determine what class address it is everything else that you say is look back now this was a generic provision that they made at that time many of these standardizations by the way often happen because of the whims and fancies of the early developers there is no rational reason just like the name Kodal came out of nowhere something very similar some standardization still makes sense some other does not there is a multicast address there is a separate class for that that makes sense when I want to multicast but these addresses are going to later on we shall see more such addresses when it we come to discuss port which is another addressing entity in the communication protocol so there is no specific reason why this have come out like this now this is the complete map of the IP data gram by the way a packet in the IP protocol is called a data gram like a telegram so telegram contains information data gram contains information in this you will find the most important part from our perspective is the source address the destination address because source address defines to whom this packet is targeted destination who is originator and destination who is the target so these are the two full IP addresses clearly the width of this line is 32 bits there is 32 bit is the address there are of course options this is not the data gram this is the data gram header along with this header will be the actual payload which could be 1500 bytes 2000 bytes 5000 bytes upto 65 64 K that could be the actual length of the the first portion is the version the header length because the header length need not be fixed type of service that is being provided by this or is being carried out in this packet total length this total length is not the length of this header but header plus payload so you know exactly to the last byte how many bytes are comprising this packet there is some identification there are whole lot of things time to live is a very interesting thing you know when you send the packets the packets will transfer from one place to another there are some routing mechanisms now sometimes some jinx occurs in the routing and the packet starts up here goes to Delhi, goes to Calcutta, goes to Madras and instead of running up in Coimbatore comes back to Bombay and if it goes better it keeps rotating like that now it is a drain on the resource because nothing useful is being served every time a packet leaves a router a counter is decremented this time to live is nothing that a counter it is set at some arbitrary value let's say 200 or 50 or 25 or something that means I expect this packet to reach the destination in 25 hops every time it crosses a router router will reduce that count by 1 while sending that packet further so originally it had 25 units to live then 24 then 23 etc. somewhere it will become 0 much before that it should have reached my destination but if it becomes 0 then that particular router where it is making it 0 it choose up that packet saying it has lived its existence this is to ensure that unnecessary traffic does not build up in rare cases exact protocol that is being used we shall see there are two important protocols in TCP IP one is called the TCP protocol and the other is called the UDP we shall see that and we shall see the implication all other things are technical details we need not bother about so again in a nutshell there is a source address there is a destination address there is time to live to ensure that the packets meaningfully circulate there is a version number which is IPv4, IPv6 or whatever and there is total length that is what is the packet size that is being transmitted these are the important components here now we look at the transport layer remember this so far the discussion was about the IP layer the IP layer is the one which takes these packets and sends them and receives them and they work with the host address destination address source address etc but something meaningful has to be done and that happens at the transport layer at the transport layer there are two protocols one is called a transmission control protocol or TCP and the other is called user data gram protocol which is UDP it is this protocol which is responsible for establishing a reliable connection transmission control protocol and to ensure error free delivery so if for example you are logging on to a remote server you want a connection to be established and to be retained logically as one as you are working you don't want that connection to break let's say you are working on a payment gateway or you are doing a railway reservation or you are running an SQL query and connected to an SQL server you would like a tight connection between you you are doing a file transfer now till the whole file is transferred you would like to retain that connection so consequently the transmission control protocol or TCP is called the connection oriented protocol it is responsible for establishing an end-to-end logical connection to retain it till your work is done and it is supposed to ensure error free delivery of your packets either way very clearly if it has to guarantee error free delivery then for every packet which is delivered it will expect some kind of an acknowledgement from the other end saying it has received this packet error free and that is why it is a heavy protocol it requires more bandwidth to be utilized but it ensures absolutely correct thing the other protocol is called the user datagram protocol or UDP protocol this is a connection less protocol there is no connection that is established the host simply sends a packet and the packet is supposedly received by the other it does not guarantee error free transmission however it guarantees transmission to the best of its ability you should use it only when you are not particularly keen to receive all packets necessarily but you want quick response quick service remember I told you the transmission control protocol is a heavy protocol because it establishes a connection so part of the protocol is vested in establishing that connection part of the protocol is vested in ensuring that packets reach their acknowledgement etc but there are occasions where you simply want to send the packet as quickly as possible then you do not use that you use the UDP protocol let me first describe where UDP protocol is used at all after all I do not want errorless communication right whichever protocol I use so what will be the use of UDP protocol it is heavily used for what you call one shot request reply queries that is I want to send a request and I want to get a quick reply or I want to keep getting replies without bothering about any request I have made one request look at the transmission of speech and video remember I told you that for transmission we often use IP multicast imagine now there are 20 centres which are receiving these video signals these video signals in the application level are getting digitized and they are getting packetized IP packets are flowing but above that what should be the control TCP or UDP we use UDP protocol it is called UDP multicast for the simple reason that UDP packets are flowing mostly they will arrive at the same sequence in which they are being sent because they are transmitting or transmitted through a satellite channel secondly in a video audio signal a few packets going missing actually correspond to a small bridge but they do not affect the semantics of the entire larger information that is being brought you would have heard this when you use a speech that is somebody is talking to you from across the continent sometimes you listen to a small glitch that glitch is happening because maybe a couple of packets are just gone away the packets are very small many packets together back even a sensible 0.5 second audio or video so consequently a few packets getting lost really it does not matter in some situation but even for voice and video when you want an absolute guarantee you will use TCP on the other hand using UDP ensures very quick transmission because there is no overhead just take the packet through it typically for multicast you will always use that and there is one more usage that we will see later during this talk itself so this is error prompt but less need connection oriented and connection less in our normal life so we should compare with connection oriented to a telephone call as I mentioned a connection is establish logical connection connection less to a postal service I send a lifafire to my friend I drop it in the post office box this is a datagram which has left me it will travel through various post offices still it reaches him I am not waiting for acknowledgement and I generally assume that the letter will reach my destination once in a while I read in the newspaper you see the letter after 15 years but these are reality and I don't live with that if I want an acknowledgement and if I want to create an effective connection oriented thing even though spend over many days or months I will use in my postal services a facility which is called acknowledgement or register already acknowledgement view that means whenever you reach this packet to the destination please send me a small piece of paper which is signature that may happen over multiple days but if I want that connection oriented protocol it must happen in milliseconds and there is an overhead the postal department has to work extra hard to take that signature send it back all the way to me ensure that I receive it and anytime I can go with the original receipt to the post office saying what happened to this I had sent acknowledgement so that is connection oriented and connection raises simply dropping an animal so TCP and UDP are exactly like that at the transport layer let us look at TCP this is called the transmission control protocol this is a reliable end to end byte stream it takes data stream that is a file to be transferred consider a file is let's say 28 megabyte file last file now you want to transfer a 28 megabyte cannot fit into a single packet so that you will actually when you do an FTP at the application level TCP will connect the byte stream it will open that file and connect that byte stream to the TCP protocol the TCP protocol will keep collecting bytes and keep building IP packets which are all smaller than 64K and then we will send these IP packets through the IP part of the net but because the transmission control protocol is in command it will expect an acknowledgement for every packet and it will ensure error free transmission to establish a connection a logical connection TCP protocol uses an additional mechanism of addressing remember IP address is there for the host IP address is there for the source IP address is there for the distribution but to establish a connection there has to be something more than just the IP addresses and that something more is in the form of sockets so the sockets are created at the two end points and there is a virtual or logical connection between these sockets each socket has an IP address as is well understood additionally it has a port number which is a 16 bit port number port you will recall is like a sea port you know ships come and dock there at the port so a ship coming from England could dock into Mumbai could dock into Kandla could dock into Vishakhapatnam could dock into any other ports so this country which consider a single IP address has multiple ports and may be US ships will dock here UK ships will dock there Malaysian ships will dock in Vishakhapatnam whatever whatever I might have my own arrangement exactly similar to that in programming I can make arrangement such that I can have multiple sockets each socket is one host address and a port number it is possible to open multiple sockets in the same computer I just have to have a different port number for the same IP address so this is the connection oriented mechanism that TCP provides and socket programming is a well understood well analyzed and well required programming paradigm for the software professionals who do programming as the communication protocol so if for example you have a Java application which has to communicate with a database server at the back end the way this Java application will communicate with the database server will be using the TCP protocol and internally it will open port here open port there connect the port and send queries collect results whatever what so that is the importance of this remember IP address is 32 bit and port address is 16 bit the connection is always identified by pair of sockets so at one end socket one at another end socket two now somebody was asking about standardization here is some more standardization ports which are less than 256 in value are used for special services they are called special there is nothing special if you see the platform of application that you have it is only commonly used applications which have been termed as special and port numbers have been assigned so if at all you are doing FTP file transfer the FTP or file transfer protocol will always use port 21 tell not or making your machine as a terminal to another machine will always use port 23 the connections are called full duplex that means information can flow both ways from here to there from there to there so socket to socket is the as if connection and IP packets can flow across acknowledgments can flow across and you have a two error free connection oriented protocol of course connection can break at any one point but if the connection breaks it is guaranteed that you know what is the last packet transmitted which has been received correctly by the other the data is handed exchange in segments there is a header TCP header which is a 20 byte header plus options and then it has data so here is the TCP header so TCP header has a source port destination port it has a sequence number it has a TCP header length flags window size acknowledgement number check sum remember no bit has to be lost there is the job of this layer to ensure although at every layer the protocol tries to ensure correct transmission and reception but this is the ultimate responsibility so check sum is nothing but some kind of a numerical value coming out of the entire packet so this is the packet or the header or the whole datagram plus I mean TCP packet then there will be check sum for that there are the options and there is data so this is what the TCP header is please note that we have a source port and destination port number to UDP so UDP has a source port and a destination port it has UDP length and UDP check sum you see how simple the UDP packet is UDP protocol because it has to define where the source is where the destination is and this is the UDP header format it sends and receives capsules of raw IP datagrams so it will capsule the raw IP datagrams and send them the individual datagrams will move as an IP thing now comes the thing which is important from our perspective we as human beings are not good in remembering numerical identities I don't know some of you remember phone numbers very well but I find even that difficult in general to remember that his IP address is <IP_ADDRESS> is not going to be easy somebody wants to address my machine you would much more prefer it to be saying something like dvp at it.itb.ht.in we recognize those addresses consequently a simplification of address occurred very early in life in ARPANET itself there used to be a file called hosts.txt so this was a text file and this file actually contained the name of the host and the IP address so it could be used as a translation table even today slash etc slash hosts for example would be able to give you exactly the same kind of thing a domain name system was soon evolved and this domain name system defined a hierarchical addressing scheme for example the last component of that address is a generic address such as .in.jp.uk you can see it stands for India, Japan, UK there have been .us but .us did the data query because they originated the network so they said that whenever there is no national then it is me so those addresses now are called generic addresses .com.org.edu if I have .edu.jp then it is an educational institute in Japan but .edu invariably means an educational institute in US of course to be fair they became very generous about it and they said let us call these as generic names that means even you and I in India, Japan, Czechoslovakia can have a .com address invariably all .com and .org addresses are still served from servers within United States but that is incidental but these are called generic address the next level could be CO for company AC for academic ER for educational research network a level below that could be IIT Bombay TIFR persistent systems below IIT Bombay could be IIT AC AC mechanical AE etc. so quark.it.itb.ac.in is the name of a server it is a host machine which is located in IIT which is located in IITB which is located in the academic sub network of Indian net this is a unique address university of course the machines at the level of protocol do not understand the damn thing about such address they understand IP address consequently the domain name system must provide for some kind of a simple and automatic translation between the addresses which are given like this and an IP address IP address is what will be used by people this translation or address location is done through machines which are called DNS servers so they just handle domain name system and domain name servers translation the domain names are case insensitive they are either absolute or relative each domain controls allocation of names under it NCST in India is wrong national centre for software technology used to control the domain names now no single organization controls the domain name allocation there are commercial people who allocate domain names to you there is a registry maintained by the government of India NCST itself does not exist anymore it is now part of CDAC they still have a role but that is how it is the length of the name can be 63 any individual name between dots and the total must be 255 characters that's the restriction that was imposed on how do you resolve the domain name because networks understand IP address to resolve the domain name you have a name you give that name to a server which does this resolution that server does some ging down and finds out the IP address and sends it back to you so the purpose of a DNS server is to take a name address that is given as inquad.it.itb whatever and send back resource records one of the resource records contain the IP address the DNS server is by the way very well organized it just does not do only this it can do many more things so all the records in DNS server are called resource records these are resources about the domain names and one of the resource records in fact the first one usually will have an IP address now please note that if you want to communicate with the rest of the world using the named address scheme the first thing that you have to do is to get an IP address if you can't get an IP address you can't communicate unless you are communicating using exact IP address yourself now this task will be required how frequently very frequently really everybody in order to initiate any communication will require to resolve this once you resolve this maybe you will bury that IP address in your application somewhere and keep using it but every now and then you go to any website for example how do you go to website you give a web address which is like this address DNS address it has to be resolved it has to be resolved rather quickly to resolve this you don't want to do socket programming and open a socket that is where you use the UDP protocol remember what I said when we discussed the UDP protocol single request response kind of thing this is exactly the case I send a request I have this name give me IP address and that sends the IP address I don't want any overhead so I send it consequently I send it where to a DNS server the first thing that every machine must know which is on the network is the DNS server which will be utilized by that machine to resolve this address so in your network parameterization for example you will find the name of the DNS server to be split of course there is always a default for a local area network there is a default DNS server default DNS gateways the point I am making is you use UDP because you send this packet very quickly send give me the IP address and usually the DNS server quickly searches and sends you the IP address now this is not an error free protocol suppose you don't get back anything you don't do anything you send the request again after all if you send the same request same times and you got the response 9 times out of 10 it doesn't matter you are not harming anyone you can afford to keep sending the request till you get the DNS response and since you don't want to waste overheads of connection oriented protocol you use UDP for that this is by the way a standard question which many networking experts have failed to answer give the most simple UDP utilization in real life that utilization is DNS resolution because you don't want to waste time in overheads so it would be cool for anyone of you to ask any friend from computer science saying do you know where UDP is used they will typically say voice video etc but they will often fail to recognize this


So today we're going to talk about love attachment styles and I'm going to share my perspective on this So if you're not familiar with love attachment styles highly recommend reading the book Attached by Amira Levine and Rachel Heller Okay, why is this critically important for those of you that are seeking a significant romantic relationship Is because based on this information There's a good chance that many of you are Experiencing either anxious attachment style or avoid attachment style What this means is how we attach to another person Beyond the physical attractiveness see many of us hyper focus on a physical attraction as our entryway into a Relationship and while there's some merits to that because you want to feel a sense of chemistry a sense of connection with someone Actually, there might be something underneath going on and what I mean by underneath in our subconscious that might be going on That's precluding us from having a significant relationship. In fact in many cases our love attachment style might be Sabotaging our romantic relationships. Okay, so from my perception I believe a significant percentage of women are what's known as anxious attachment style and a Significant percentage of men are known as avoidant attachment style Okay, what I mean by this is anxious often times gets Has a you know a fear of losing love of losing connection with someone and what happens is they internally there's so much Interconflict going on that they're almost becomes a point where they need their dependents upon attention dependent upon Security in the relationship that they oftentimes smother another person. Okay, they might overwhelm the other person They might incessantly text they might Be requesting to have their needs met on almost an in on a on a overwhelming perspective, okay now an avoidant person most likely in Well, I'll talk about their child and avoidant person when they're receiving You know attention from another person they wall up They they go inward because they have a fear of being overwhelmed. They have a fear of losing their autonomy Okay Now if it's true that women tend to be more anxious and men tend to be more anxious It doesn't mean that this doesn't go the other way around You know men can be anxious women can be a Avoidant and made me think of my own personal experiences because I am completely aware I have what's known as an anxious a love attachment style Now I think this was birthed out of a couple experiences in my life first off my mother had a propensity to Emotionally abandon myself and my my siblings and my father During the early stages my upbringing and what happened is she would emotionally abandon us and I would feel like I did something wrong So to to get my mother's attention I'd be like mom look at me look at me look at me and I'm saying this you know kind of not literally speaking and In that I became an anxious attachment style What I mean to say is I was you know There was an abandonment of love and then I kept chasing it So that became where I needed it to feel safe in that moment and it didn't occur So I have a propensity that the minute someone Stonewalls the minute someone isn't giving love from my perception of what that is I Oftentimes become anxious. Okay Now avoidant I believe one of the significant causes for being avoidant is the person the little child boy or girl Couldn't fully express themselves because when they did they were shut down They were told to like for men they were told to man up be a man Don't show emotions and for for little girls it could have also been something similar in other words They couldn't be their authentic self and they were shut down by one or both of their caregivers being a parent okay Now another thing that happened in my child and in particular That I think this relates to when you know because we have our relates to when we were in school When I was in school, I was picked on Significantly, I wasn't picked for games first So all of those emotions that happened in school started to rewire my brain not trusting love feeling anxious feeling, you know, un Unappreciated I mean the list of words can go on and on and on which which helped Kind of wire who I am as an adult and so ultimately where I'm at Or where I've been at is an anxious person Now, I know a lot of kids in school were probably shut down Ridiculed embarrassed for whatever reasons that this happens you get picked on I know you know when we're we're little babies We all play together, but at a certain point people start to form groups with one another in school and all of those experiences might cause someone to be Emotionally avoidant what that means to say is they are not necessarily as an adult Overly expressive because if they express to they were they were shut down for it. Okay, so I'm trying to give you kind of a Cliff note version of love attachment styles and how this might manifest as an adult is the anxious person tends to need lots of validation to feel security and safety and the avoidant is afraid to give security and Safety to another person because they don't trust the the connection. They don't trust love So this is this weird push-pull that happens within a lot of couples, okay Now I'm a keenly aware of this because I know that most likely my partner in my relationship There's a picture of my significant relationship. We live together She probably is what we classify as an avoidant and I'd classify myself as an anxious, okay? You know what I don't like about this I don't like the labels as if anxious or avoidant is something bad You know when you think about it I didn't choose to have these experiences growing up that caused me to become who I am and I'm sure my Sweetheart didn't choose her experiences that caused her to become who she is And so and there there's nothing wrong with it There's nothing wrong with being anxious or avoidant and I think we all would like to consider ourselves I didn't mention this in earlier stages. There's anxious avoidant and secure secure is that you feel a sense of safety and trust in the relationship Where you don't want to Flight and you don't want to fight. Okay, or freeze. Okay most in fact most everybody believes There are secure attachment style if you took the test online Most everybody answers the questions in such a way that they believe they're secure That's my perception anyway But I truly believe that we have a default or one or the other Okay, now could an anxious sabotage a relationship with a partner could their Their need for validation their need for Connection overwhelm the other person. Yeah, that could absolutely happen Here's what I actually think happens and I think it's why I Particularly understand my clients so well is because I tend to be as I said earlier an anxious attachment style I think what's happening is that we choose partners to trigger our wounds So we can actually heal that wound within ourselves Let me repeat that we choose partners that trigger our wounds and It's an opportunity to heal ourselves So if I did attract and again, I'm I don't want to characterize You know avoidant is bad But if I attracted someone who happens to be avoidant the from a spiritual perspective Why I did that was to heal that part of me that doesn't love myself that doesn't love myself and I think possibly why my partner chose me is to trust that you know There are there you can be your authentic self and that's okay You can be your authentic self and that's okay So given that women tend to attract more avoidant and we also understand that Men aren't necessarily all avoidant. They just might be slightly emotionally Constipated and what I mean to say is they have difficulty expressing themselves to their partner Okay, and it doesn't necessarily mean again that they're going to end the relationship because they don't trust love enough Yet. Okay, so with that said First and foremost is to recognize if you believe you're an anxious and if you're with an avoidant first off There's nothing wrong with the other person and there's nothing wrong with you. Okay, there's nothing wrong we are beautiful human beings on this journey of I believe learning to love ourselves. In fact, I wrote a book about it What the heck is self-love anyway a journey of personal development self-help and spiritual work? You can get it on Amazon. You can go to the link below to check out my book. I Often asked myself, why did I write this book? It's because we teach what we most have to learn This is something, you know, and I'm only sharing my experience because maybe you can relate to this this self-love is Really the capacity to give ourselves a big gigantic hug Whenever we're feeling fear whenever we're feeling in security when whenever we're feeling anxious whenever we're out of our Alignment to our inner peace self-love is just simply on Giving yourself an injection of love Whenever you're feeling You know not fully whole not fully present not fully Engaged in life because your thoughts start to overwhelm you And I say this from my own personal experience and this is true if you're an avoidant or an anxious love attach your So what can you do? first and foremost Awareness is 80% of the the path to healing being aware. Okay, number one being aware of what it is Okay number two is When you get triggered for whatever reason whatever make okay, like if my partner doesn't text right away as an example Okay, it's not that they've abandoned the relationship. You're not going to die So number two is to recognize that the trigger is an opportunity to go to the mirror and give yourself some love See that's what's really happening rather than trying to change the other person's behavior rather than trying to say You need to do this so I can feel good about myself go to the mirror and Just really look at yourself and say I'm giving me. I'm giving me some love right now. I Am the I I am the soother of my Anxiety I am the person who can heal this now I don't want to dismiss the fact that many of you could be in a relationship with someone who's just not aligned with you And they may not be able to be may not be capable of being on this journey with you And so it might mean that you need to end this relationship. That's certainly a possibility But the same time this person came in your life both of you came in your life to heal One another I think relationships have have two components to it I think one is the companionship component component that life is better with company and doing things together Whether it's physical intimacy with one another whether it's social activities hobbies mutual interests whether it's spending time with family and friends I think those are important integral parts in building a relationship with someone in addition, I think we choose Relationships to heal the wound within ourselves that happened in childhood and we choose partners that activate us So when you get triggered It's actually an opportunity To heal oneself How do we heal on selves? Certainly as I said before doing practices a mindfulness practice of recognizing that Whenever you feel triggered, that's an opportunity to go to the mirror and give yourself love. Okay Now what I want to encourage everyone to do is share these things with your partner See with an avoidant person if you begin to share that it's not their fault. It's not their Responsibility to make you feel good about yourself that you are aware that this is something that you work on within yourself If you do that by sharing this with your partner Actually, this can create a bond. This can create trust with your partner and if they're open to looking at their own Well, I was gonna say behaviors, but their own actions their own Inner dialogue that's going on if this if by sharing yours it creates an opportunity for them to look inside of themselves Maybe the two of you can begin to work on this together in a mindful practice by actually having deeper dialogue Now one of the challenges with people today is They're actually not forming an integrated relationship with one another I'm repeat that they're not forming an integrated relationship with one another these days dating is a long protracted casual type of Relationship because people aren't truly integrating each other into their lives. Okay In the case of my sweetheart and I we moved in together That's a big integration of with with one another into each other's lives when you're actually spending Months if not years living in your separate homes getting together on occasion You might be experiencing the anxious and void it together, but there's not enough roots of Integration to actually begin the process of saying let's actually work on this together.  They don't want to integrate that with the other person. That's you know And that is understandable at the same time these part-time casual relationships Oftentimes don't build the deep roots of trust to actually work on This part of our lives where we need to heal That part of us That doesn't love ourselves This is this is what we're faced with, you know It's interesting. I was watching a video the other day and it talked about dating, you know 50 years ago. It's just all about playing with each other and having a good time And it's very surface level and today's dating is a questionnaire to find out how deeply wounded a person is Find out about their past Relationships because you're if you're basically vetting this person to decide if you want to go on this ride Well, is there some merit to doing that? Well? I think the merit for having deeper conversations sooner rather than the let's just have a good time and then figure this stuff out I think by having these deeper conversations earlier on you might find yourself Getting it getting building a relationship with someone because you're doing it from a foundation of vulnerability Authenticity and transparency. I'm repeat that you're building the early stage of relationship through vulnerability authenticity and transparency and and with that if it doesn't work out you actually can detach from the relationship much easier because you've done it from a Conscious perspective instead of this unconscious way. Most people are dating today Which is based on attachment? My coffee mug says I don't want to work anymore. I just want to be cherished put up on a pedestal taken care of this was a gift To me. Thank you so much to my friend who gave this to me. Why am I sharing on this today? I? Recognize that while many of you watch my content and you see the relationship I have there, you know every relationship has their I don't want to say struggles but they're areas for growth those areas within our individual selves that Propel us to another level of consciousness another level of enlightenment And here's the thing about relationships whether they last, you know A few weeks a few months a few years or a lifetime Every person that enters in our life is often a true benefit for us To heal a deeper part within ourselves That's right. Every person I believe who enters our life whether it's for a nanosecond or for a long period of time It's an opportunity to heal and when couples actually choose to work through this together They might find that they might find that they can do this for a lifetime or they might say wow I've healed and each one of us can go our individual journeys. That's a possibility to and that's okay Why I'm saying that's okay is when we get hung up that we have to be with someone forever You know, I think of my father who just turned 98 My mother passed away six years ago. They were together for 66 years, but he spent the last six years Not with her not with any other relationship. We you know the person who goes first gets off easy and This happens for a lot of people in younger years, you know Like in their sixth instead of my 80s like my father a lot of people lose people in their 60s And we still have another full rich life ahead of us You know for many people in their 60s, they can live another 20 or 30 years So if a relationship doesn't work out for you, it doesn't mean you can't find another person to do another Set of healing within your life another shared experiences with one another so my point of simply bringing this up For those of you that feel like there's nobody out there to make you feel good Well, it starts by feeling good within ourselves and just remember when you put yourself out there It is a risk. There's no doubt about it But it's only a risk if you see it as something bad It's a really good thing when you put yourself out there because it's an opportunity to grow and heal within yourself Is this sinking in is this resonating? Please let me know. I'd like to hear your thoughts on this Please post a comment below if you like my content, please share this video with your friends You may want to check out my group called midlife love mastery This is a group where you can have direct access to me on a regular basis I'm shooting this video for my group right now Send them send people to my or you can go to my website Jonathan asley.com Click that group coaching button so you can join our fantastic group and I'm gonna sign off this videos I always do first off give myself a big gigantic Jonathan bear hug of self love I'm gonna reach into the camera and give you a hug of love if that's okay I'm asking to turn to someone a pet a teddy bear pillow give either them a hug of love because hugs are a great source of love And let's face it. We could all use more love in our lives. Thanks a bunch. Bye. Bye now. Bye. Bye


Okay, absolutely. If not, I have more jokes. Yeah, I have a Windows version of U.S. 8.1? Okay. I've been using this stuff. Yeah. Okay, so I have been writing a few things over the years, and previously I was doing desktop application development, so I actually had a machine with every single version of Windows since forever. I would have to test my application every platform. Okay, never mind. Alright, that's that. Okay, so the first thing I wanted to ask for this whole thing starts because I'm just curious. So who does their primary development work on Mac? Mac. Okay, that's like two-thirds of you all. Linux? Linux? That's like a third. And I'm guessing no one else here uses Windows. Okay, well done. Okay, so that's kind of tangential. So I'm Joel. I've been writing software for a while. I like tools. I like languages.  I'm that kind of person. So my five random movie tips today are sort of one actually more Rails tips on how to get your stuff done quicker. Okay, so let's jump straight into it. First, it's actually possible for you to actually run Ruby code in your browser. There's this project out there that's called nscripten. It basically takes all of your existing language runtime. So Python, Ruby, I can't remember what it was, the other one. Basically, they take the reference implementation. So in this case, MRI. They compile the using LVM and basically generated it into JavaScript. So you can actually run it in your browser. It would be useful if you are on a computer without Ruby installed and you need to do something. I don't know how useful, but give it a shot. It's useful. Somehow. Okay. You could do that too. You could use Nitrous. I had some reservations with Nitrous. Okay, anyway. Okay, the next one is now the rest of these are all our Rails tips. First one is you are given database. You get a schema. How do you know what you want to index? So you can use this gem, a lot of DBA, supposed to basically run through all your models and generate the list of indices that should be in the schema. It could be useful. I put this here because I told myself I'm supposed to try it out, but I actually had not yet. So, well, yeah. Okay, the next one is similar. It's called Bullet. Bullet is a gem that helps you eliminate your n plus one queries. What are n plus one queries? Basically, you load something and for each item you find some associated information. So what happens is you have to run n SQL queries, like one for every item in your first data set. Rails gets around this problem by this thing called eager loading. So then how do you know what you have to eager load and whatnot? So then Bullet also will run through, as you basically run your pages, looks at your queries, looks at and try to guess when you probably should be using eager loading and when you have not. And it will tell you when that happens and you should do something about it. Once again, this is one thing I told myself I should be using. I have not used it yet. I will. I will. Okay, the next two is I think probably a bit much closer to my own beliefs. Okay, so the cool story or the strange story, the real story, whatever you're going to call it, was that before I had windows on this I was actually running Ubuntu and I was like doing a Rails app in Ubuntu because why? On Unisys you have this thing called Spring. And Spring is supposed to basically preload Rails in your memory. So remember you run a Rails task or some Rails thing. Instead of taking like 10 seconds to start up and then run that command for like half a second and be done.  That was good. But I still found that my development experience was really, really bad. So I narrowed down to these three things. The first thing is when I requested for a page from my application, it took quite a while before I saw anything being stacked up from whatever web server I was running to spit my page out. And I found that it spent a lot of time and crashing my disk along with it. Running through all of my assets and trying to like figure out whether these are fresh or not. And that took quite a while. So Debug Asset Pipeline, this particular gem only refreshes your assets only when they are changed. Okay? First thing. Second thing, if you have your Rails server running in a console or you have your assets out in Debug mode that you have one HTTP request for every single asset. So if you bring in like 10 files, like 10 JavaScript files for example, then you're going to see like 10 requests in your console. That's really nasty. It clouds your actual output which you're probably more concerned about. It's probably your SQL queries for example. And so what Rails DevTweets does is it actually blocks all these asset requests so you can still have Debug on and you don't get all your assets in one huge file. And yet not have your console flooded with text. All right? The final one was the one that actually improved my development time by a lot. Okay? So what happens is if you run Rails in Debug mode what happens is every time you change something you reload a page. Rails are basically scaring the entire directory like every single file open and unchecked to see whether it's changed. In my case it was particularly slow because you have to like, opening files are not exactly the fastest thing on Earth. So that also took some time to, you know, get up and running and decides that, you know, you should reload everything over again. So what Rails DevBoost does is the moment you change file it reloads it in the background and so that you don't have to wait until you request for the page and so by the time you request for the page it should be loaded, right? Okay? So that was the first bunch of things that I did to improve my development speed. The final one comes for Spring. I was talking about Spring just now about how Spring preloads everything but the other thing that Spring does as well is that Spring also will check all your files in your application directory or the entire source directory for changes and I was paying attention to Htalk for a while and I was wondering why. And I found that, you know, Spring was loaded in background and it was using like 15% of a CPU and I was like, why? So looking around, it showed that Spring has this loop that basically iterates over every single file in your Rails application and it decides, it's just that the site value needs to be re-linked application. So in a typical setup you have these two things looking at your directories for changes to your Rails application which is not exactly the most efficient thing to do. So Spring allows you to do this little thing you can put in your Spring content file. Basically it says instead of iterating over every single file, you'll use your native OS method for getting notified that a file is changed so Spring instead of needing to run that busy loop, it just waits for changes. Okay, so that's it. Any questions? Otherwise I will be hanging around for a while. Right? Thank you. So like I promised, we have a bit of time for folks if you have any hot picks or things that you want to share with the group.