Although I have written extensively about monetary theory and affairs myself, I want to shift the topic entirely and get away from this evil subject of an object of greed and talk about something entirely different. The title from the Malthusian Trap to the Industrial Revolution, Reflections on Social Evolution. For economic theory, the question of how to increase wealth or how to get rich has some rather straightforward answer. The answer has three components. You get richer through capital accumulation, through participation in the division of labor, and through population control, that is by maintaining the optimal population size. Robinson Crusoe alone on his island has originally only his own labor and land, nature-given resources at his disposal. He is as ritual poor as nature happens to make him. Some of his most urgently felt needs he may be able to satisfy directly, equipped only with his bare hands. At the very least, he can always satisfy his desire of leisure in this way, namely immediately. However, the satisfaction of most of his wants requires more than bare nature and hands, that is, it requires some indirect or roundabout and time-consuming production methods. Most, indeed, almost all goods and associated sorts of satisfaction require the help of some producer goods, indirectly useful producer goods or capital goods. With the help of producer goods, it becomes possible to produce more per unit time of the very goods that can also be produced with bare hands, such as leisure, or to produce goods that cannot be produced at all with just land and labor. In order to catch more fish than with his bare hands, for instance, Crusoe builds a net, or in order to build a shelter that he cannot build with his bare hands at all, he must construct an axe. However, to build a net or an axe requires a sacrifice or saving. To be sure, production with the help of producer goods is expected to be more productive than without it. Crusoe would not spend any time building a net if he did not expect that he could catch more fish per unit time with the net than without it. Nonetheless, the production of a producer good involves a sacrifice, for it takes time to build a producer good and the same time cannot be used for the enjoyment of the consumption of leisure or other immediately available consumer goods. In deciding whether or not to build the productivity enhancing net, Crusoe must compare and rank two expected states of satisfaction, the satisfaction which he can attain now without any further waiting and the satisfaction that he can attain only later after a longer waiting time. In deciding to build the net, Crusoe has determined that he ranks the sacrifice that is the value foregone of greater consumption now in the present below the reward, namely the value of greater consumption later in the future. Otherwise, if he had ranked these magnitudes differently, he would have abstained from building the net. This weighing and possible exchange of present against future goods and associated satisfactions are governed by time preference. Present goods are invariably more valuable than future ones and we exchange the former against the latter only at the premium. The degree, however, to which people prefer present goods over future goods is different from individual to individual. Depending on the height of his personal time preference, Crusoe will save and invest more or less and his standard of living will be higher or lower. The lower his time preference, the easier it is for Crusoe to delay current gratification in exchange for some anticipated greater satisfaction in the future, the more capital goods Crusoe will bring into existence and the higher will be his standard of living. Second, people can increase their wealth through participation in the division of labor. If we assume that Crusoe is joined by Crusina because of their natural physical or mental differences or the differences of the land that they face, almost automatically absolute or comparative advantages in the production of various goods will emerge. Crusoe is better equipped to produce one good and Crusina another one. If they specialize in what each is particularly good at producing, the total output of goods will be larger than if they had not specialized and remained in a position of an isolated and self-sufficient producer. Alternatively, if either Crusoe or Crusina is a superior producer of every good, the all-around superior producer is to specialize in those activities in which his advantage is especially great and the all-around inferior producer must specialize in those activities in which his disadvantage is comparatively smaller. Thereby, too, the overall output of goods produced will be greater than if each had remained in self-sufficient isolation. Third, the wealth in society depends on the population size. That is, on whether or not the population is kept at its optimum size. This follows from the Law of Returns and the Malthusian Law of Population, which Ludwig von Mises has ranked among the truly great achievements of thought and indisputable laws. In its most general and abstract form, the Law of Return states that for any combination of two or more production factors, there exists an optimum combination such that any deviation from this combination involves material waste or efficiency losses. Applied to the two original factors of production, that is land and labor, the Law implies that if one were to continuously increase the quantity of labor, the population size, while the quantity of land and the available technology remain fixed and unchanged, eventually a point will be reached where the physical output per labor input is maximized. This point marks the optimal population size. If the population were to grow beyond this size, income per head would fall. And likewise, income per head would be less if the population were to fall below this point, because the division of labor would shrink with an accompanying efficiency loss. To maintain the optimal level of income per person then, the population must no longer grow but remain stationary. Only one way exists for such a stationary society to further increase real income per head or to grow in size without a loss in per capita income, namely through technological innovation. That is, by the employment of better or more efficient tools made possible through savings brought about by the abstention from leisure or other immediate consumption. If there is no technological innovation or technology is fixed, then the only way for the population to grow in size without a concomitant fall in per capita income is through taking more and possibly better land into use. Now, if there is no additional land available and technology is fixed at a given level, then any population increase beyond the optimal size must lead to a progressive decline in per capita income. Now, later on I will make a few critical remarks concerning pure economic theory, but let me affirm from the outset that these remarks are not at all intended to deny the fundamental truth of economic theory. Economic theory is indispensable for a correct understanding of economic history, but is not sufficient as I will show. So, to emphasize again, it is true that the past toward prosperity involves capital accumulation, that is, capital per capita, the establishment and expansion of the division of labor, and the prevention of excess population through some form of birth control ranging from infanticide to moral restraint. And it is further true, as economic theory also points out, that this process is and can be systematically thrown out of whack by institutional barriers, in particular by some insufficient recognition and protection of private property rights. If Pruso does not recognize Prusina's right to control her own body and to be the rightful owner of all the goods that she, but not he, has first appropriated and produced, or vice versa, then saving and capital accumulation will be impeded and the division of labor distorted, and social wealth will be lower than it otherwise would be. Yet, correct as all of this is, it does not even come close to help us reach a comprehensive understanding of human economic history. I want to illustrate this thesis and indicate what it is that is missing in economic theory by considering what it is, what is without any exaggeration, the most fundamental fact and feature of human economic history. From its very beginnings, first for tens of thousands of years as nomadic hunter-gatherers, and then from about 15,000 years ago, from about 15,000 years ago increasingly as agricultural settlers, until only a couple of hundred years ago, sometimes during the late 18th and early 19th century, mankind was caught in the so-called Malsusian trap. Everywhere, the population size pressed continuously against the means of subsistence. That is, until sometime around 1800, little difference in the economies of humans and non-humans, non-human animals existed. For animals, and also for plants, it is always true that an increase in their number will encroach upon the available means of subsistence and eventually lead to overpopulation. That is, to super-numeric specimens, as Malsus refers to this phenomenon, which must be weeded out due to a lack of sustenance. Today we know and take it for granted that as far as humans are concerned, this must not necessarily be the case, because obviously no super-numeric specimens who are thus weeded out exist in modern western societies, but for most of human history this was indeed the case. To be sure, in contrast to non-human animals, humans were capable of inventing and manufacturing tools. However, every technological advance was quickly eaten up by a growing population living again near subsistence level. Not everyone lived at this level, of course. Naturally, especially with the emergence of sedentary life and private land ownership, distinct differences in wealth and income came into existence. There existed large landowners who lived in enormous wealth, even by today's standards, almost from the beginnings of settled life. Nor does subsistence level necessarily mean on the verge of starvation. Average living standards in 1200 England, for instance, were significantly higher than they are in many third-world countries of today, and thus must be ranked well above Bayer subsistence. Nor were average living standards always and everywhere equally low. There existed pronounced regional differences between, for instance, English, Indian and West African real incomes in 1800, and of course, as far as across time comparisons are concerned, many technologies existed in 1800 England, which were unknown in ancient Rome, Greece, China or Babylonia. Yet in any case, everywhere and at all times, the overwhelming majority of the population, the mass of small landowners and most laborers, lived near subsistence level, held down by the existence of a significant number of supernumerary people, that is, of people for whom no room at all existed within the division of labor and who consequently had to die out silently or become a menace, an economic bed in the form of beggars, vagrants, plunderers, bandits or warriors. As a matter of fact, for as long as one can trace such information back in history, it appears that real income per person in terms of food, housing, clothing, heating and lighting was not higher in 1800 England than it was in ancient Babylonia. There were ups and downs in real incomes due to various external events and pronounced regional income differences existed, but nowhere was there a continuous upward trend in real income per person, which we have come to take for granted by now, discernible until about 1800. The iron law of wages held slay throughout this entire age for many thousands of years. The case can even be made that average living standards in sedentary societies fell as compared to those reached in hunter-gatherer societies, for one, because agriculturalists had to work longer hours than foragers had to do to attain a comparable income and thus suffered a significant loss of leisure. Moreover, vital statistics such as data concerning life expectancy, physical height, the condition of teeth and so forth indicate that average living standards during the post-Neolithic era consistently lagged behind those attained in hunter-gatherer societies and were only reached again and finally surpassed in the course of the second half of the 19th century and even then only in the Western world. Why did it take so long to get out of this Malthusian trap and what happened that we finally succeeded? And why did it take so long even until we gave up hunter-gatherer existence in favor of an existence as settlers? Economic theory, or what I have said about it at least, does not and cannot answer these questions or rather the only answer that economic theory can provide is clearly inadequate. Its answer is there must have been some institutional impediments that prevented a quicker development and these impediments were removed only recently, that is about 1800, but this is clearly an unsatisfactory answer for several reasons. For one, hunters and gatherers, from all we know, had plenty of free time on their hands to invent agriculture and animal husbandry. Again and again and at countless places they suffered from excess population and consequently falling incomes and yet although the opportunity costs of foregone leisure must have been low, no one anywhere for thousands of years saw of agriculture and animal husbandry as an at least temporary escape from Malthusian conditions. Instead, until about 15,000 years ago, hunter-gatherer tribes answered the recurring challenge of overpopulation, always either by migration, that is by taking additional land into use until they finally ran out of land, or by fighting each other to the death until the population size was sufficiently reduced to prevent real incomes from falling. As well, property rights in settled societies were well protected at many places and times. The idea of private property and the successful protection of private property are not inventions and institutions of the recent past, but have been known for a long time and practiced almost from the beginnings of settled life. From all we know, for instance, property rights in 1200 England and in much of feudal Europe were better protected than they are today in contemporary England and in Europe. That is every institutional incentive favorable to capital accumulation and the establishment of a division of labor was in place and yet nowhere until about 1800 did mankind succeed to extricate itself from the Malthusian trap of excess population and stagnating per capita incomes. Thus, the institution of property protection can and should be regarded as unnecessary, but not also as a sufficient condition of economic growth, that is, of rising per capita incomes. There must be something else, some other factor that does not appear in economic theory which will have to explain all this. Now, part of the answer seems to be obvious. Mankind did not get out of the Malthusian trap because men could not keep their pants up. If they had done so, there would have been no excess population. We, or a small group of us, would still live in the same region somewhere in near equatorial East Africa where the first specimens of modern man appeared some 50 or 100,000 years ago. No additional land would have been taken into use and mankind would not have spread out from its point of origin all across the globe. But this can only be part of the answer because population control can prevent that real incomes will fall, but it cannot make incomes rise. The example of Tahiti may illustrate this. When Tahiti was rediscovered by Europeans in 1767, some 1,000 or possibly 2,000 years after it had been first settled by Austronesian farmers, its population was estimated at 50,000. Today it's 180,000. According to all accounts, the Tahitians lived paradisical lives. Real income per capita was high, mostly because of highly favorable climatic conditions in the Polynesian islands. Tahitian men could not exactly keep their pants up either, but in order to maintain their high standard of living, the Tahitians practised a most rigorous and ruthless form of population control involving infanticide and deadly warfare. The place was a paradise, but a paradise only for the living. Yet also while Tahitians were still living in the Stone Age, their toolkit had remained essentially unchanged since their first arrival on the islands. There was no further capital accumulation and real income per capita, even if high due to favorable external circumstances was stagnant. Why, when they could prevent the emergence of any excess population, did the Tahitians not achieve what we have in the meantime come to take for granted, namely, gradually and continuously rising per capita incomes? Put this way, the answer becomes almost obvious. People were simply not yet intelligent enough to do so, and it takes time to breed intelligence. Until some 15,000 years or so ago, mankind was simply not intelligent enough such that even not the brightest members were capable of conceiving the idea of indirect or roundabout consumer goods production that underlies agriculture and animal husbandry. The idea of first planting crops, then tending and protecting and finally harvesting them is not obvious or trivial, nor is the idea of taming, husbanding and breeding animals obvious or trivial. It requires a considerable degree of intelligence to conceive of such notions, and it took tens of thousands of years of natural selection under hunter-gatherer conditions to make such cognitive achievement possible. Similarly, from 15,000 years ago until about 1800, mankind was not sufficiently intelligent such that not even the brightest settlers could conceive of enough new productivity-enhancing capital goods and production technologies to allow for a growing population that is a higher population density without falling incomes or for a steady increase in per capita incomes possibly combined with a larger population size. Today we take it for granted that it is solely the unwillingness to consume less and to save more that imposes limits on economic growth. We have seemingly and seemingly endless supply of natural resources and of recipes how to produce more better and different goods and it is only our limited savings that prevent us from employing these resources and implementing such recipes. Yet this phenomenon is actually quite new. For most of human history, savings were held back by a lack of ideas of how to productively invest them. That is, of how to convert plain savings or storing goods into productive savings that is into producer goods and producer goods production. For Crusoe, for instance, it was not sufficient to have a low time preference. Rather, first Crusoe had to conceive of the idea of a net and even if he had conceived the idea, he must have known how to build it from scratch. Most people are not intelligent enough to invent and implement anything new but merely imitate more or less perfectly what others have invented before them. Likewise, it requires intelligence to recognize the higher physical productivity of the division of labor and it requires intelligence to recognize the laws of human reproduction and thus allow for any form of deliberate population control let alone an efficient or low-cost method. It took several thousand years, more of natural selection under agricultural conditions than to reach a threshold in the development of human intelligence or more precisely of low time preference correlated with high intelligence such that productivity growth could continuously outstrip any population growth. From the beginning of the neolithic revolution until about 1800, enough inventions or technological improvements were obviously made by bright people and imitated by less people of lesser intelligence to account in addition to more agriculturally used land for a significant increase in world population from about 4 million, 12,000 years ago to 900 million around 1800, now the population is 6 billion. But during the entire era, the rate of technological progress was never sufficient to allow for a population growth combined with increasing per capita incomes. The mechanism through which higher human intelligence combined with low time preference was bred over time as a rather straightforward one. Given that man is a physically weak and ill equipped to deal with brute nature, it was advantageous for him to develop his intelligence. Higher intelligence translated into economic success and economic success in turn translated into reproductive success that is producing a larger number of surviving descendants. There can be no doubt that the hunter-gazer existence requires intelligence, the ability to classify various external objects as good or bad, the ability to recognize a multiplicity of causes and effects, to estimate distances, time and speed, to survey and recognize landscapes, to locate various good or bad things and to remember their position in relation to each other, and so forth. Most importantly, the ability to communicate with others by means of language and thus facilitate coordination. Not every member of the band was equally capable of these skills, some were more intelligent than others. And these differences in intellectual talents would lead to some visible status differentiation within the tribe of excellent hunters, gatherers and communicators and lousy ones. And this status differentiation would in turn result in differences in the reproductive success of various tribe members, especially given the loose sexual morals prevailing among hunter-gazers. These by and large excellent tribe members would produce a larger number of surviving offspring and thus transmit their genes more successfully into the next generation than lousy ones. Consequently, if and insofar as human intelligence has some genetic basis, which seems to be absolutely undeniable in light of the evolution of the entire species, hunter-gazer conditions would over time produce a tendency to select for a population of increasing average intelligence and at the same time an increasingly higher level of exceptional intelligence. Moreover, this tendency of selecting for higher intelligence would be particularly pronounced under harsh external conditions. If the human environment is always mild or consumer-friendly and unchangingly constant, as in the seasonless tropics where one day is like any other year in and year out, high or exceptional intelligence offers a lesser advantage than in naturally inhospitable environments which widely fluctuating seasonal variations. The more challenging the environment for human survival, the higher the premium placed on intelligence as a requirement of economic and consequent reproductive success. Hence, it should be expected and it does indeed accord with effects the tools that we have found that intellectual progress was most pronounced in the harshest, northernmost regions of human habitation. The competition was in and between tribes and the selection for and breeding of higher intelligence where differential rates of reproductive success did not come to a halt once the hunter-gazer life had been given up in favor of agriculture and animal husbandry. However, the intellectual requirements of economic success became somewhat different under sedentary conditions. The invention of agriculture and animal husbandry was in and of itself an outstanding cognitive achievement. It required a length and planning horizon, it required longer provisions and deeper and farther reaching insights into the chains of natural causes and effects and it required more work, patience and endurance than under hunter-gazer conditions. In addition, it was instrumental for success as a farmer that one possessed some degree of numeracy so as to count, measure and proportion in particular. It required intelligence to recognize the advantages of inter-household division of labor and to abandon self-sufficiency. It required some literacy to design contracts and establish contractual relations and required some skill of monetary calculation and of accountancy to economically succeed. Not every farmer was equally apt in these skills and had an equally low degree of time preference and on the contrary, under agricultural conditions where each household was responsible for its own production of consumer goods and for its own production of offspring and there was no longer any free riding as under hunter-gazer conditions. The natural inequality of men and the corresponding social differentiation of and between more or less successful members of a tribe became increasingly and strikingly visible through the size of one's land holdings. Consequently, the translation of economic or productive success and status into reproductive success, that is the breeding of a comparatively larger number of surviving offspring by the economically successful, became even more direct and pronounced during conditions of sedentary life. It was not in the northernmost regions of human habitation however as might first be expected where the neolithic revolution began and hence it successively conquered the rest of the world but in regions somewhat further to the south but still far north of the tropics where mankind had originated. It began independently at at least three different locations first in the Middle East, shortly afterwards in central China and was a delay of a few thousand years in Mesoamerica always at locations within roughly speaking similarly temperate Mediterranean type latitudes. The reason for this seeming anomaly is easy to detect however. In order to invent agriculture and animal husbandry, two factors are necessary. Sufficient intelligence and favorable natural conditions to apply this intelligence. It was the second factor that was lacking in extreme northern regions. The extreme freezing conditions and the brevity of the growing seasons made agriculture and animal husbandry practically impossible in those regions even if the idea might have been conceived. What proved necessary to actually implement the idea were natural circumstances favorable to sedentary life and the brevity of a long and warm growing season besides of course suitable crops and domesticable animals. Such climatic conditions it did exist in the mentioned temperate regions. Here the competitive development of human intelligence among hunter-gazers had made sufficient progress even if it lagged behind that found in further northern regions so that combined with favorable natural circumstances the idea of agriculture and animal husbandry could be conceived as well as implemented. Since the end of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago then the zone of temperate climates expanded northward into higher latitudes rendering agriculture and animal husbandry increasingly feasible there as well. And meeting there and even more intelligent people the new revolutionary production techniques were not merely quickly imitated and adopted but most subsequent improvements in these techniques had its origin here in the northern most regions. Gradually in the course of a few thousand years the centers of economic development and of population density shifted then northward and it was here then in the cold and formerly freezing north where mankind first and lastingly managed to extricate itself through the so-called industrial revolution from the Melsusian trap. Now what is missing in economic theory then and what is needed to reach a comprehensive understanding of the course of human history is the recognition of an ongoing sociobiological evolution and of evolutionary change. Economic theory assumes so to speak a constant unchanging man. To be sure it allows for human differences in the form of different labor productivities. However these differences are typically interpreted as a result solely of different external conditions that is of different incentives of a different incentive structure of different natural endowments and of different training. Rarely if ever are internal biologically anchored characteristics admitted as possible sources of human differences and yet every incentive needs a receptor to work and if a receptor is lacking or is insufficiently sensitive a different incentive structure simply makes no difference. Moreover even when economists admit that human differences have internal biological sources as well they still typically ignore that these differences are themselves the outcome of a lengthy process of natural selection in favor of the human characteristics and dispositions physical as well as mental which are determinant of economic success and consequently positively correlated with economic success of reproductive success. That is it is still largely overlooked that we modern men are a very different breed from our predecessors hundreds or even thousands of years ago. We are physically more fragile but we are in doubt with significantly greater mental powers or higher intelligence both on the level of average performance and especially of exceptional performance discipline, endurance and exactitude that is lower time preference. Only once this is understood do the most basic facts of human history make some sense namely why it took so long to develop agriculture and even longer to extricate ourselves from Malthusian conditions how such a feat was possible at all and we did not instead remain under Malthusian conditions forever why is the Industrial Revolution originated and then took hold immediately in some regions but not in others why they are always persistent why there were always persistent regional income differences and why these differences have increased rather than decreased since the time of the Industrial Revolution. Moreover, once we realized that the Industrial Revolution was first and foremost the outcome of the evolutionary growth of human intelligence rather than the mere removal of institutional barriers to growth I am not saying that this is not important the removal of institutional barriers but it is not sufficient once we understand this the role of the state can be recognized as fundamentally different and changed under Malthusian versus post Malthusian conditions under Malthusian conditions the state doesn't matter all that much at least as far as macro effects are concerned a more exploitative state will simply tend to lower population numbers much like a pest does but it does not affect per capita income in fact by increasing land per capita income per capita may even arise as it did in fact after the great pestilence in the mid 14th century and in reverse a good less exploitative state will allow for a growing number of people but per capita incomes will not rise or may even fall because land per capita is reduced all of this changes with and after the Industrial Revolution however for if productivity increases continuously outstrip population increases and allow for a steady increase in per capita incomes then an exploitative institution such as a state can grow without lowering absolutely the per capita income and reducing the population numbers the state then becomes a permanent drag on the economy and per capita incomes and the more so the more it expands its size moreover and I can only indicate this here whereas under Malthusian conditions positive eugenic effects reign that is the economically successful produce more offspring and the population stock is thus gradually improved under post Malthusian conditions the existence and the growth of the state produce a two fold disgenic effect especially under democratic welfare conditions the economically challenged as the main clients and supporters of the state produce more offspring and the economically successful produce less and the growth of the state and the increasing number of state employees and dependents contribute systematically to short sightedness and present orientation that is a rise in the social rate of time preference and the population stock thus becomes increasingly worse rather than better thank you very much


I am Ajit Mundale from Department of Electronics. Today I am going to present a lecture on memory management in operating systems. Now these are learning objectives. At the end of this video we can able to describe what is the memory management and we are going to describe the different methods of memory allocation. Now in a computer we say that it performs better when we execute the process at a very high speed. Now to execute a process at a high speed we always require a processor which execute program very fast means we require faster CPU. Now in the computer the CPU also require data and data is stored in the memory. So in the computer to make a faster execution both CPU and memory should be faster. And we know here data is faced from the memory so that what memory we use it should give me less access time. It is also seen that when a CPU deals with bigger programs so to execute bigger programs it also requires some larger data and that is stored also in the memory so that we always require a very huge memory from which data can be acquired for the processing. So we summarize that in a computer we require a memory it should be having a larger size it should give me a smaller access time so that I will say it is faster in access rate and this also be cheaper that is it should be quite economical and has less cost. Again as I said earlier the conditions memory size access time and the cost are not matching. So it is always recommended that or we recommend here is that we can use the different types of memories in the computers and it is also found that when you execute some program that is we execute instructions that is found that we execute all the instructions sequence in a sequence here. So that during execution we always can predict what is the next instruction to be executed that is the way how we can organize the memory here. So the first is a secondary memory is a R disk it is a large in the size but requires more time to access because the space is larger and it gives me a less cost here. So this kind of memory is always be there in the computers to store a huge data required for the process. Then we use a main memory so it is having little less size for than the secondary memory but it is having a faster access rate and also the cost is more compared with the secondary memory. Now again this one more type of memory is coming here in the practice is called the cache. Cache is normally integrated with the CPU also can be called as the onboard memory here in the CPU which is much more faster also than the RAM but the cost is very high it is a solid state memory on the chip and then the instruction is now provided to the CPU for the execution. So last figure shows me here we can have this kind of organization first comes the secondary memory then comes the main memory then the cache and the CPU. So with this combination we can enjoy the benefit of the cheaper memory the faster memory and we can reduce the time of execution. And again we can say that how data is transferred here into the RAM means data is always stored in the secondary memory. So actually the CPU always finding data for execution from the faster memories that is the main memory. So that we have to bring a program or data from the secondary memory back into the main memory. Now actually this kind of process is called as the prefetch. And it is also seen that when we write program for execution it is always kept in the secondary memory and during the execution it is brought into the main memory. Let us see in this diagram here there are two dark spaces here that is one kb and two kb respectively they are already filled by some previous processes. So there are two spaces remaining as two kb and a three kb here. Now my secondary memory is holding number of programs here one two three and four they require different sizes here or they are having different sizes program one is having two kb size program four is having three kb size. So we are trying to transfer this program here into the empty space. So program one can be transferred in the space having a size of two kb so that fits in that space perfectly whereas the program four having three kb size is transferred in the bottom side here which is having a size of three kb. So it is the process normally called as a prefetching so that CPU rather reading data from secondary memory he read data from the main memory which is much more faster. Now this can if you suppose analyze the access time here as we say here normally during execution of the program CPU is always finding data from the main memory which is much more faster and quite rarely it is finding a data in the secondary memory because it is possible that program may use some jump statements here. So in that case the sequential prediction will be failing here so that at some time the CPU will not find data from the main memory. So in that case the CPU has to go back to the secondary memory and he will get required data for execution. For example suppose if I use two memories in my computer example is a secondary memory and the main memory. Now suppose secondary memory is a hard disk type here and suppose that requires thousand microsecond time to scan all the memory locations in the secondary memory whereas I got one more memory called as main memory that is RAM so that requires 10 microsecond time to access the complete RAM section. Now suppose I am having one task is transfer to the CPU for execution so obviously at the most time CPU finds the data or the program which is inside the main memory here. So normally the access time will be only of 10 microsecond but suppose in some cases the CPU do not find data in the main memory then he will go back to the secondary memory and suppose by fortune the required data is at the end of the secondary memory location there. So what CPU does here? First if you try to find data required for the execution in the main memory that requires 10 microsecond time to scan all the main memory when that does not find that data in the main memory the control goes back in the secondary memory and we know here at very end the required data is found here so again the CPU takes thousand microsecond time to access all the secondary memory here so in all I require thousand 10 microsecond time to access the data from the memory here. So this shows me here how data is accessed from the memory here so it is obvious that we have to keep this data inside the secondary memory but for execution we have to bring it in advance in the main memory here. Now there are two types of allocations of memory are possible one is called contiguous memory allocation and second is called as non-contiguous memory allocation. Now in the contiguous memory allocation as you see in the diagram here again there are two memories here one is secondary memory and second is the RAM here that is the main memory. Now I made partitions in the RAM of 2MB equal here and suppose program in the secondary memory is having length of 3MB, 2MB and 2MB here and the arrow shows that I can easily fit all this program in this empty spaces here. Now in the given diagram here this dark portion that is of 2MB size in which already some process is residing so I will not use that space is already occupied here so I can fit my processes or program here in the empty spaces. So program 3 will go in the initial space of 2MB, program 2 will go in the second empty slot here and the program 1B is going to stored here in the given memory location in the RAM as shown here the 2MB and I occupy one more 1MB space in the RAM in the RAM here as you see here in the RAM of 8 or 10MB size here we got 8MB space is empty here in which the 4MB are in continuous position here whereas the program number 1 in the secondary memory requires 5MB space here and we find that the 5MB space is not at all available in continuous position in the RAM here so program 1 is not able to fit in the given RAM. So the program 1 gate is get delayed here by the CPU for execution. Now this program is found normally in the contagious memory allocation and this program is normally called as external fragmentation. Now how to overcome this difficulty here? So this one more type of memory allocation is possible here is called as non-contagious memory allocation. Now in this case when we do not find the required space of required length in the RAM the program can be split in different parts here and this small parts are kept inside the empty spaces in the given RAM means at all the occasions the program is finding the required space in the RAM and we are going to overcome the problem of this external fragmentation there but in this case this one more drawback is coming here as we know here program is stored in different locations in the RAM so CPU requires more time to access all these program parts here. So it is somewhat time consuming but this one big advantage is that in this case we are avoiding the problems like external fragmentation and so that process is never get delayed for execution. Now these are my references and thank you friends, thank you for watching this video.


I'm going to play it. Radio it's June 26th big top 300 day of the year. We got we had to do Yankees pre game show earlier. So we're coming a little later than normal. We had tenderness by generic general public. Playing here on John Hughes. We I don't know. That song the most corniest 80 song ever. But I don't know what what film it's in. What was it called something? Just tenderness. Nice. It's so corny. Oh, it's from 16 candles and weird science. So he just used it in a lot of songs. Double down on it like that. It's in clueless. I probably know it. The music video is the corniest thing in the world. So it's got that going for it. All about that.  Big 80s corny guy. You like Bruce Spring you like Stevie Van Zandt. Billy Joel's got some great corny music videos. Oh yes. Billy Joel has some baby now. How are you doing it Jake? Doing all right. I I'm doing all right. Got a cup of Joe we got an early Yankees game coming up. Had a had my had my nice JJR moment of the morning to share with everyone.  And he's you know he's he's cool. He's 16 he's cooler than me. And I don't know like every time I see him I try to say something cool.  He was wearing an N64 hoodie. And I was just like N64 nice man. And he's like yep. I was like so then I froze up because I was like I went a lot worse than I expected. Yeah why even try. And then I was like that's before your time brother. And he's like yeah a little bit. And that was it. And I was like damn like I think there's certain there's certain points of getting old that hit people differently. And that one was tough for me. It was I mean it was there is no debate. It was a terrible exchange. I remember being the 16 year old and the 30 year old guy trying to have that conversation and me being like do not talk to me dude. To be fair were you wearing the backwards hat in the hoodie. Yeah you don't look 30. Right but I like live in the building like I have a dog. Yeah he you know it's known that I'm I'm north of 18 and he's not. Yeah I wouldn't even attempt. But but you're a much bigger like talk to stranger guy than me. Well I am not strangers when the walls been cracked like I've seen this kid a lot now I've lived in this building for over a year and a half. And like they have dogs so we're like friendly but I just got nothing when I see him. And it's it's almost more awkward because when it's an adult in the elevator with you you give each other like the casual if you're on saying hi terms you say hi if you don't. The kids it's more awkward I'm going to say hi but then it's there I'm going to I was just going to blame him I saw so that's that's where my mornings at. I'm just just I would just be a head nod. And I'm on my way. Right. Yeah. But yeah and 64 that's a little ahead of your before your time brother. Yeah. Basically as bad as it gets. That kid's never gonna wear that sweatshirt again. Said it's already on fire. Yeah he like mom I can't wear this anymore. Yeah.  That's tough. So how's your how's your morning going. Fine fine slept in a little bit we did the pregame show. Doing this now we're good. I set up Don Mattingly burn Rojas on the Marlins got ejected. It's really funny.  But Mattingly lets him say his piece almost like tell him what we practiced. And Rojas yells at him and he says you have like I don't know the exact thing yet I haven't looked at it but it's something along the lines of like a pep talk like. Do you have the responsibility to be respectful to me to them and to everyone here and then he walks away.  That's horseshit. It was like parent mode on them. Yeah. Not Madeline Rojas and then Madeline right.  Madeline I think Madeline is like list all the pitches that were missed. And at one point he goes 100% you missed the Anderson curve in the first and he almost like oh 100% and Madeline is like yeah 100% I think that's what it is. But I'm excited to dig into that one to see what they actually say. Nice. Yesterday my score yesterday pretty decent day got a lot of work done made my Texas Dallas radio station debut. Yeah. The ticket. They have a name for their listeners over there. It's called P1. P1. I think for people that only listen to the ticket and don't listen to anything else they're P1. Should we get a name for our people? Priority number one what's that stand for? I don't know man it's weird but like I got a lot of tweets like welcome to P1 or as a P1. You were pretty hard on Evan and Co for a while. Yeah I liked Evan and Co for JJR. I still do that. Okay. I still like it. I don't know what P1 is but they're very nice. That dude Bob Firm is really nice. Good. Like there's a Wikipedia just for the ticket. The radio show. A P1 is a serious listener of the ticket. It is the thought. It is thought the name P1 comes from the tickets presence on the number one preset of listeners radios. Oh that makes sense. Pretty good. My P1 is probably the fan. So sorry. If you think I've ever preset a radio station you're out of your mind.  No chance. Nah. You've never preset a radio station even back in the day. No man. That's weird. I know where it is. Just get there. 93-7 alright. Good to speak. Well I live life when you can. It was funny when your sister said that she does the same thing on her phone. Oh yeah. I think we forgot to update the JJRs on that. Jimmy came at me hard for being a weirdo that if someone changes. You kind of understood. I wasn't like being mean. You crossed the slight line. You went a little further than I expected. I think some people do this. Not a lot of people. But when someone gets a new number and said you just changed their name a little differently you add a new contact in your phone. And Jimmy was mad about that.  She does the same thing. She sent an LOL. I do that exact same thing. She has three numbers for me in her phone. Like Jake post Cancun. Like Dallas Jake and something else. Yeah. I wasn't mad at you. I'm more perplexed. You got a little heated. The only thing I think I was strung on is you were saying you're too lazy when you're doing far more work than the normal way. I didn't disagree with you there. One button versus a tons of buttons. Same with the radio. Same with the radio. Same with the radio. It's easier for me, Jim. That's what you're missing. That's the dot you're missing. Yeah, I know. That's what I'm saying. Life tries to help you and you're like, no, thank you life. Life helps everyone else except me. Poor George over here. Poor George. Jake, I'm giving myself a 6-3 yesterday. I also went into the ocean. So that's a nice day. Yankees won. That's a nice day. Yeah. I had terrible Tuesdayitis yesterday, like dark, dark stuff for a while. It ended up clearing up towards the end of the day a little bit because of the Tuesdays winding down. Yankees win. I didn't really get to work out because I was busy doing stuff. So 4-9. It got dark for a while. It was dark for a while. You're having a rough week. You haven't cracked six yet. Dark for a while. I'm having a good day so far today, knock on wood. It's a weird noise. I don't know if that was Zimmer or Luke. That was the wood. Someone did like a weird noise over here. Zimmer knocked on the wood for me. Zim. Zimmy, Zim, Zim. I was going to bring up the drop. Everyone enjoy your bad day when you're talking about Tuesday, but we've passed it. You got a 4-9. Hopefully we have a good day out of you today. You know what, dude? It feels so much later in the week. This whole week yesterday, I was blown away. It was Tuesday. Yeah. And today feels like Friday. Then Sunday, Sunday started as like a, all right, Yankees record day. Now Sunday is the full blown, full blown hard work day. So that moves everything up. And just the London series is kind of weird. We haven't fully talked about that. And I was like, I was like telling Jess, I was like, maybe you should like take a half day Friday because we could like hang out or something. So I don't know. Yeah. I'm making plans, disc golf, day with Katie. Cause yeah, I think that's it. Thursday and Friday are like off days for Yankees. Yeah. So that feels like a weekend. So maybe today. It's like weird off days. Cause we're still going to do this in the morning. Right. Yeah. Yeah. Anyway, let's get into the sports. Let's get into the sports. Jimmy John's freaky fast Jim. I mean, it is the lead Bob Lee retires after 40 years at ESPN legends live on forever. NBA, Jim, your rockets are eyeing a sign and trade for Jimmy Butler. Your other guy talk about a potential volatile situation. But that would be kind of fun. NBA rumors picking up, picking up five days away.  I ain't. Oh, no. They won. Jim. Yeah.  Little college hoop snuck in Jim. Oklahoma State hired the brother of the number two high school recruit in the country. Interesting, interesting. And then around the horn, Jim Machado returns to Baltimore. It's a yabber yank set MLB record with 28 straight games with a home run. Tim Anderson, your guy exit with an ankle sprain and finally break dancing provisionally confirmed for the 2024 Olympics. Update one. I had the wrong chat popped out. I thought no one was in the chat today. I was like, that's weird, but now I have the correct chat popped out. People are in the chat. So hi to everyone in the chat. Sorry. It was not. I was not looking at you guys. Now I am break dancing in the Olympics. Why not? Olympics is a weird place anyway. I was about to be like, oh, that's so weird.  So competing, competing at events. Yeah. Yeah.  The best. I'm not knocking the Olympics. I enjoy them. Dude, the skiing and then shooting with a gun thing. Mm hmm. It's a good event. What's a good event to get like into because how many, I mean, the percentage of people that do it versus the percentage of people that are Olympians in America.  Yeah. I think it.  I wish more people. I wish more people had like, you know how a lot of people turn their late twenties and they're like, I'm going to run a marathon. I want to check. I want to check that box off my life list. So when I'm an old person, I can say I ran a marathon. I wish more people seeked out the odd Olympic events and made a little more competitive. Like, I mean, if you mean a couple buddies like we're like, hey, for the next decade, our hobby is curling. Like, I think we're, I think we're at the Olympics. You know, dude, I think the, I think the American curling team that won, that's like what happened. Exactly. And that's, I just want more of that. Yeah. Well, Jamaican bobsled team. Bingo. Bingo. All right. So Bob. Is it Lay or Lee? It's Lee, right? Bob Lee. I don't know anything about Bob Lee. I don't know who he is. He's older gentlemen with brown hair. It's just kind of funny. He was one of like the OGs at sports center. And he was always like silly and jovial, but like, I, he's a classic, he, well, A, he got in at the right time because he was there at the start. But like when the personalities really leaked from ESPN, I mean your, your Chris Berman's and Stu Scott's and SVP's. Bob Lee is a little more low key. And then they kind of moved him to like the kind of the calmer stories, like the, the outside the lines and like, I'm Bob Lee and we're going to talk about drug testing. And you're like, all right, Bob, like, I don't know. Stu Scott's yelling boo. Yeah. And you're just kind of putting me to sleep. But I, I, one of my favorite stories ever, which I, I brought up in one of our group chats today was we. We went to high school in Connecticut. You did for part of your high school experience and ESPN's in Connecticut. So we had a couple of the ESPN reporters come in one day, including Linda Cohn and our friend, Nick Proch, AKA the mailman from grown losers.  She opens up the floor to questions and Nick Proch goes, Hey, is it boring working with Bob Lee? Which is just like such a silly rude high school question. And I think she laughed it off and was like, no, Bob's a great guy. You guys like him. But she was also laughing. She was like, I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. But she was also laughing because she understood like if you were a high school kid at the time that enjoys like sports center and like exciting highlights like Bob Lee wasn't your dude, but that that moment is frozen in time for me. Yeah. So I just Google them. He was the who I was picturing. I didn't consume sports center as much as your average youth. I don't think. Right. Like I would watch top 10 plays and that's all. Like if you were home sick as a as a high school or middle school or you were watching like sports center probably all day. There wasn't an alternative option. Yeah. Yeah. I wasn't I was watching like will a fortune. I was a game show kid. We would do jeopardy. So nighttime became difficult because like when PTI in those came out and that's when like it was news time too. So mom wanted to watch the news. So there was a little juggle there. So any morning sports center was non-negotiable. Good. Yeah. Bob Lee retiring. Cool. Yeah. Vanderbilt beat Vanderbilt beat Michigan Jake to go to the game seven, which is really game three Vanderbilt pitcher. I think I don't know how how deep he went, but he pitched pretty well. And this is good man. This kid on Vanderbilt. He got drafted by the Red Sox, but it's this lefty with early lefty looking kid. I like the way he plays. I like the way he swings, I should say. Early lefty. I just like hearing you say those words. Yeah. I don't know. The Kumar rocker kid is awesome. I was just looking up to see if he was drafted at all. I don't think he's really been drafted yet. Someone gave him the high school flyer draft pick in one of the late rounds. But yeah, he's like a dude that like will be a major leaguer in three years, which is still pretty ridiculous for baseball, but. Some people do that. For a while. I meant I that came out weird. I meant comparing it to other sports like if we saw if we saw say Juan Barclay tearing it up, you're like, oh, he's going to be playing on Sundays in a couple months. Kumar rocker. It's like, I'm fairly confident you will see him in the major leagues in about three years. Get excited. I think Steven Scott is the guy I'm talking about. But in all his pictures on the Google machine, he doesn't have the beard. Ah. He'll get one if he's with the Red Sox. He's cooler with the beard. Maybe that's why he started growing the beard. Yeah. Got drafted by the Red Sox. Time to gross yourself up. What if that was one of the teams give out like a workout binder and stuff and like a welcome to the organization binder and Red Sox page two is like, if you can grow a good one, I'd get that beard going. That's not if you can grow a bad one. Grow it. Like look at Mookie Betts. I love Mookie. He's a fun guy, but. Yeah, that's a tough. He should not be doing what he's doing with his facial hair. All conventional wisdom says don't do that. But he's got it. He's got it. So are you going to watch the game tonight? Are you excited? Yeah. I hope I didn't promise Katie like to do something because because we have to do talking Yanks and then we have to record our podcast. I have to edit it. So yeah, I think I'd just chill with it down in the background. I don't know if I'm going to be able to cover it. Maybe I'll just make a breakdown of it. But like. I envisioned myself like covering it the same way I cover a Yankee game and now I'm kind of pretty worn out. Oh, Jim, no, it's going to be good. What's that? Breakdown of the celebration on the field. Yeah, that should be good. Did you see the one I posted last night? Lindor just totally flunked the dunk with the Gatorade. Yeah, I did see that. Well, good spin move. You got to give Kipnis credit to. Good spin move, but it's easy to do. Easy spin move. Whenever I see a spin move like that. I think you're forgetting how I mean what Lindor went underhand with the bucket. If that's a full bucket, I mean, you have to get some core and you got to get it going backwards. Kipnis plants his foot, spins. You got out of the way. I think you were a little tough on Lindor. You're still right. But I think Kipnis made a nice move. Sports radio. Kipnis did make a nice move. Lindor can't be on bucket duty. He's too much of a little puppy dog. He's too happy. He needs someone a little more grounded. Like this is my responsibility. I will do the Gatorade correctly. It's a really, that actually is the better called there. You need a big guy anchor in the bucket.  The big, being big with the water jug is a huge factor. And Lindor is so fun and like having a good time and active that he can do other parts of the celebration.  Andrew Miller. I just pictured if Lindor, because Lindor was trying to Gatorade bathroom or shower him like on his way home before he touched home plate, be hilarious if he got him like perfectly.  That's also true. I guess that's if you're the bucket person to avoid any spin move or eluding it, they have to touch home plate. So you kind of got to line that up. Yeah. I heard in the Red Sox walk-off from two days ago that Vasquez did really well with the Gator. Someone was like, you got to do the Red Sox walk-off celebration. You're going to love the Gatorade shower. I was like, if this is what people start sending me, that's pretty fun.  It's great all breakdown. All the Gatorades. Something else I wanted to say about that, but I forget. So that's where we're at. I forgot everything I wanted to say right there. Vanderbilt should be some good breakdowns. What's that? What was that? I was doing a, I think that was my brain going to an old Frank Calliendo sketch where he was doing John Madden and forgot where he was. And he goes, I forgot what I was just saying. Boom. So that's how my brain works. Did you see Gabe Kapler's objection? I didn't watch the full video. I saw it start going and I saw the veins in his neck. And then I saw the one that you put below it was just him. What did he say? He goes, oh. He's like, he like collects everything that's going on and takes it and he just goes like, he's completely blank for a couple seconds. He goes, oh. Yeah. That's really good. That was good. That is atrocious. And then, you know, approach we just talked about texted me and he was like, yo, that was really funny. Because at one point Kapler, he's coming off so naive. One point Kapler, he like remembers like this is Joe West and like he's going to be the manager that really like gives it to Joe West straight up, you know, like he's going to be the one that changes the Joe West tide. And he goes, Jake, he says, you know what Joe, that's just irresponsible.   Like what you say to me means nothing. But game Kapler, man, he's coming in super naive. I like that he's trying to get his teammates back. But the first ejection, he wanted the umpires to change their call. So that it then would become a reviewable play and he could have replay. Right. And the call was wrong. But like, come on, like they're not Gabe, they're not going to do that. Welcome to baseball. And then the second time he wants Joe West to be a reasonable man. Like, Gabe, have you been watching baseball for a year? It takes one year of watching baseball to know those two things don't don't happen. Yeah, we need to figure out a term, Jim, and maybe you have it because you're more of a wordsmith than me. But we've talked about this on Yankee and when Jonathan Holder was just getting rocked in a close game. When the Yankees were still putting Jonathan Holder in close games, we're like, this isn't on Jonathan Holder anymore. We know the result. This is on the managers. This is on the Yankees for putting him in this situation. That's exactly what you said with Joe West. Like, Gabe Kapler, the book has been written on country Joe West. Yes, he's doing bad things. But you have to know this by now. It's on you for even attempting.  But to be like, you know what, Joe? That's just irresponsible. What's Gabe grow up? If you're not a huge baseball fan, country Joe West, he's an all-time ump, all-time double chin. I mean, it's true. Have you seen it? I mean, it's real. It's all-time. I think it's all-time. It's close to Hall of Fame.  I mean, I'm just saying. And he likes to control the game and he likes the attention and he's one of those guys. Jim, what do you think would be the meanest thing that if a manager was pissed at Joe West and they get tossed? What's the meanest thing they could say to Joe West to get under his skin? I heard your album.  Oh, okay. I was thinking something like, wow, after all these years, Joe, still nobody in this building is here to see you. Nobody thinks people like seeing him. No, he doesn't. He knows people don't like seeing him. So he makes them see him. See, I don't know. I think we're crossing some tricky, tricky wires there. I don't think so. I think every day of the past for the past 30 years, nobody has noticed him. I think that would partially cripple him. It's a lie. He'd be like, yes, they do. I'm the most well-known umpire in MLB. That wouldn't even affect him. He probably hears that once a day. Joe, no one came to see you.  Yeah, I don't think so. I think that's auto ejection from Joe West. I think every fan yells that to him every game. Auto ejection. I think you insult his country music album that he put a lot of time and effort and money into it. Like, then you're hurting his feelings. See, he's got you there. He goes, yeah, that's why I'm an umpire, not a country star. And then you're done. You're out of the game. Want to hear his most popular song? It's called $2,000 Navajo Run. No. Love your back. You went away. You're drinking. That can't be Joe West. $5. I don't know if that's someone else like that. Wow, Jimmy likes it. Jimmy loves Joe West. Yeah, I don't think that's the Joe West we know. The talking stuff. But the A's once trolled him by playing only songs from his album as their walk up music. Which is really funny. No, there's like a million Joe West on Spotify. Like that was Joe West and the something and this is Joe West in the Santa Fe review. I don't know which Joe West is him. That didn't sound like him. Because you liked it. Yeah, I was fine with that. I like country music. Yeah. But that wasn't actually him. Well. Maybe his album's not on Spotify. Maybe that's the meanest thing you can say. Tried to listen to your album on Spotify, Joe. It's not there. What's, what gives? Okay. You're getting there. What else do we have in sports? Machado returned to Baltimore.  Yeah. I guess they've seen, they've seen the product on the field this year. You might as well say, hey, we liked, we liked watching you over these guys. It was better when you were here. Yeah. Wow. Joe West song. He's got a song called We Don't Smoke Marijuana. And then he's got another song called Mama Don't Allow No Music. So it's just like this dude. It's just all about authority and what people can tell other people to do or say. Which is like the umpire life. You think? Umpire? Here you go. There he is. Ripping it. I didn't really hear it that well. Me neither. It's live. Oops. He might look better outside of his umpire. Yeah. Bobby's Bobby's in the chat right now. I know. Simple man radio. He goes, hey, can you guys go through all the all stars again? That's tough.  It's tough, Sag. Make me mad segment. Yeah. We got like what? We were just in. We just gave up. Yeah. We got to first base and you were you were digging through who's having a better season between Peter Lonzo, Josh Bell, Anthony Rizzo. Um, and then it was talking about popularity and you were just getting really mad. It's kind of like. We went like catcher to first baseman and that we stopped it there because I was getting so mad. Yeah. You were like, all right, what's the next position? I was like, no way. I'm not going into that. Buzz saw. It's going down the list. Let me tell you. It was the most Tuesday segment I've ever seen. I think it's good. People need to know Tuesday. Seg. Shattered light on the stupidity of voting for all stars. Yeah, we landed somewhere. We landed somewhere. We can. We got about six of the possible 50 all stars named. Yeah. Yeah. The others didn't deserve it. If you wanted to hear the potential catchers in first game, you got it. You got it. Do you want to give them the rest? I won't say anything. No. No. As a promise, I can't. Well, we'll announce the actual starting all stars when it's announced. How about that? You know what? That's a much better plan because then. Right now, I'm getting angry about nothing. Right. Because like we said, Alonzo can still be a reserve. Yes. And Rizzo will probably still bet wrong. But whatever, that means Josh Bell best. We'll see how it goes. Should be Josh Bell and Peter Alonzo. Just let everyone know. Boom. Boom. Roasted. Tim Anderson, my best friend exited with an ankle sprain. He got carted off. People were saying this was bad. Yeah. I saw our buddy Sheedy tweeted something that was like, he had like a powerful, got worked up Irish rant. He was like, it started with the period and then tagged him. Anderson. So he wanted Tim in the world to see it. He's like, I just want everyone to know that Tim Anderson is great for this game of baseball. He's joy to watch, blah, blah. And then later that game he got hurt and he was like, oh no. Oh my God. Our buddy Sheedy. Yeah. Sheedy's been doing some good late night tweeting. He's kind of a late night guy. I don't know if he listens to this. But been cracked. I got it. So 14 hours ago. Dot at Tim Anderson seven is one of the best things to happen in baseball in a long time.  So sad to see him carried off. I mean, I agree with everything. I agree with everything you say. He was flowing. He was feeling it. Yeah. Yo, Jake. So I started this request list like a Google form where people can request breakdowns. Sure. Guess how many are on there right now? 54. 56. It was like a such a good idea. And then it happened. And I'm like, oh my God. I can't make 50. This is just from the last two days. I know it. I could have told you this would have exactly. You can't make 56 breakdowns. But I want to. There's no way. No. That's what like literally, Jimmy, think about it this way. How many followers do you have on Twitter now? 50,000. And there's fans of every team. 50,000. Point two. You've made a breakdown of every different thing, whether it's a home run, whether it's an error, whether it's a fight and every team has three of those happen at night. I mean, crunch the math there. Yeah. I don't know. I don't know. I'm trying to get in touch with them. But like, I called them. They're like, you're going to be on hold for an hour. Yeah.  I guess you're never. That's probably their strategy. Hold for an hour. What do you think I am? Yeah. It's essentially a prank. You got to get like, maybe my grandma's not my neighbor anymore, Jake. Right. But that would have been prime. Like, okay, go give the phone to my grandma. Yeah. Or like, grandma, can I use your phone because she doesn't use her phone? Right. That's what I would need to do. Use my, I need to have a second phone just for YouTube hold. Yeah. But then, okay. So your grandma's on the phone while you're working next door. And then she's been. No, I just grab her phone call, put it on hold. Then I can still text tweet from my. Oh, got you. Got you. So I need a second phone for calling YouTube. Right. Just this once. Just throw it on speaker and get off that screen, baby.  You got to turn the music down. And then YouTube's like, you can change this channel by hitting these buttons. Like nothing you're offering is going to be good. Yeah. Don't care. Can you play the podcast I listen to? Just the podcast, please. That's a future business idea. Oh, Jimmy, that's genius. Like, you know when we were whatever you want while you wait. Yeah. I mean, it gets away because the companies do that because they normally want to like inform you like, check, check out our new website. But I would love a company so and companies customer service is so expensive. That's why YouTube has an hour wait because they don't want you calling.  Sorry, Doug. I have like three questions. And you can't Google them. I Google me like a million different answers. I want I want to get a verified YouTube account. Yeah. I read into it and like we have the numbers. Do you know how impressive our YouTube numbers are?  I was like going to other channels that have like eight hundred thousand. Okay. So my brother in law works for GoPro. Right. GoPro has seven million subscribers. Right. We have one hundred and twenty right now. We average the same amount of views per day as YouTube. Yeah. There's seven million to our one hundred twenty. Because to get to seven million they probably said like, hey, we'll give away a hundred GoPro's to everyone that signs up. And their YouTube was built up for years. So yeah, it seems like half time. Seems like half time he says less than the more Joe West there's the whistle. Now it's half time. Did you see the Ginzo from Backyard Baseball that I look like?  He's actually the opposite. Right. Yeah.  He's got the oversized things on his head. But his body is a lot smaller than his head where I'm reverse.   I hate to drop a times were better. But like if Backyard Baseball came out with a new game, which I was never big back here at baseball. I kind of surprising. But I don't know what it is. It's like a computer game that was like this solid computer game. But like it wasn't that realistic. It was more like silly fun than baseball. Like real baseball games. But dude, he was like the sideline reporter guy. Hello. And they called him Vinny the Gooch. Good thing. Like, I don't think you could do that anymore. Why don't we start calling you Jakey the Gooch? Jakey the Gooch. Why don't we just call you Gooch man for short. Flying Salami. Flying Salami is a really good name. Why hasn't that stuck yet? Not a lot of flying for me. Yeah. But back in the day, you were pretty fast outfielder. A lot of Salami. The flying Salami. We'll get some clips. Maybe we'll get some volleyball, spike ball clips. Yeah. You like those Wiffle ball clips I posted yesterday? Yeah. Those are good. You and Nestor dropping down. That's how I get people out. That's how I got you to fly out to center. No. No. That was a hit. Tough break about your numbers versus me, huh? No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. That wasn't a hit, was it? Yeah. It was a buzzer ball. You had to get it up. Yeah. Yeah. I was a 가지 encantate down to the 50s, имt's. All of these… Im Chopin. All That wasn't it though. That's those are my stats versus you. Oh, I took this video of your face From your Instagram, and I'm gonna make it into a GIF.  No, we have a story coming out.    So then they arrested the other one Tricky a substitute teacher was fired for filming a porn in the classroom Jake That seems I don't know. What else are they wrong? A mom invited Was invited to visit old family friends and then the old family friends sent her a bill for eight hundred dollars for everything She used while she was there It's a good way to get money a Florida man has been caught pooping on a driveway More than five thousand turtles were seized in luggage another Trying to bring birds on a flight story. There's our third in the last two weeks This was in Malaysia and my favorite story of the day Two steps sisters are fighting for the legacy of their parents who died at the same time They have to prove which one died first all the money is up for grabs Okay, these are the real news stories and the real news for today Well, I think we'll cook through it a little quickly to get to the steps sisters there I mean, let's knock off the turtles quick because I think we actually had someone Transporting turtles and apparently transporting tiny animals is a thing because they're usually worth money Yeah, we had the finches and hair rollers were these turtles and hair rollers Let's see it looks like the picture we've got is just wow They're pretty cute little turtles. Yeah, TSA is just having a blast with the turtles too Yeah, it's tickling them. Oh, those are cute. What are they being used for are they getting cooked or something? Oh This might get really sad. Let's try it out They were the turtles were being brought on the planes by drug mules. Maybe the turtles were to throw off the scent of the drugs No, we don't have cocaine. We just have these turtles. That's where I got really sad I was like, are they stuffing turtles with meth? But no, it just looks just looks like it was a turtles and meth business trip Yeah, what are we transporting today boss? Well? All the cocaine per usual and we're gonna dabble into the turtle game this week Imagine that you dabble into the exotic turtle exchange. Yeah, and that plummets your meth cocaine business You know, we can we shouldn't have spread into turtles We can only carry so much meth, but we can also carry that much meth and 5,000 little turtles. Yeah, I Told you boss the turtles did us in They are cute though, and I guess they're supposed to be pets. So alright Two little turtles the next one turtles live Where did turtles live? How long? Well, I mean, I think you got a lot of different options. They're like the sea turtles and the sea live to like One billion years old right? Give or take Damn, I might get a turtle dude We're frog people I'm actually I like I like turtles more than frogs.  Yeah, it was a quick It was a quick okay. There's well, let's drop a nuke today Because yeah, I think it says like a regular turtle you could get is like 30 to 40 years so maybe Like maybe when I hit 40 I'll get a turtle and be like You either got me beat or we're going out together, buddy. You ever see the turtle. I saw once in Out here My hunting show look at this turtle everyone in the chat. Look at this turtle. Can you see it? Everyone's listening on the podcast app Jake will tell you what I what Some shrubbery Jimmy's walking timidly because he's scared of everything We've come to a slightly more open area in the shrubbery. We're getting lower to the ground We don't know all hold on the chat can't see this we've gone away from the camera and Okay, so he's a little guy Beautiful colors on his shell and his skin. He's got a shell. That's like a yellow kind of hieroglyphic Egyptian-looking shell and his skin has kind of a reddish tincture to it is beautiful Pretty cool turtle, huh? This is a cool turtle man. It wasn't as small as you think it was it was probably bigger than my foot. Oh Really, okay. Yeah Big terms right on the path That's my secret spot. That's the first place I ever drank a beer to be honest with you Wow It's like this clearing in the swamp and I used to be a couch there Party in party in All right, this mom was invited to visit old friends and then after her visit they just sent her bill Like yeah, and you always eight hundred dollars What for what weekend man like we fed you for the whole weekend. We gave you room and board You invited me to your house because we're friends. No. No, that was a vacation for your uos 800 euro Yeah, when you're not here we Airbnb it so we kind of It's a really good strategy I am shocked and deeply upset as it seems so callous and commercial Not the visit to friends. We had expected plus we can't really afford it Bigger problem you got got should I start doing that? Like invite I live on the beach jake. I invite people over here katie and I a come for the weekends And then they'll just Venmo across them for a thousand bucks. Here you go See you next time.  There's two step sisters. Okay One's dad married the other's mom. Okay, they're pretty wealthy Both those parents die At the same time. Okay, right We're not positive who died first the mom or the stepfather the mom or dad hypothermia They were very cold if the mom died first Then in the moments in between While the father was still alive she Gives all of her possessions to him And then he dies and gives them to his daughter If the dad died first Then he gives all his possessions to his wife And then she dies a minute later and then the mom's daughter gets all the possessions in the house So these step sisters are going to court. I think this is like three years of running to find out scientifically who took The last breath out of the couple and there's a whole lot of money in housing in the swing of things Wild, huh?  So okay, so let's say let's say the husband dies first Mm-hmm. Okay. Everything goes to the step mom and then They can they the step mom could just go double birds to the other kid And apparently looking how these daughters are acting. That's what I'd expect Yeah, I think the daughters are terrible people and they didn't plan on giving them any of their money And like, okay, so let's go to what everyone's first logical thought should be Split the money Yeah, but one of them one of the objects of your parents are dead and now you're fighting in court about who died first yeah I'd love to be I'd love to see some of the lawyers arguments here Because like if you're the judge You kind of say like we're not gonna do this just come do an agreement so we're really gonna like Is it I I've I've wandered on this too many times before But how many times have I said I like when a judge kind of bends things and does They land on the right thing like the judge should just say None of you get to this until you come to me with an agreement end of story End of story if you guys want to bicker your whole goddamn lives about who should get this money Then neither of you get it if you figure it out like humans Then you can Yeah, well, so the current rule basically their tie goes to the runner rule Is that the oldest person died first if we can't figure it out the dad died first because he was 10 years older right wow Ageist much That is a tie goes to the runner, huh? Um, yeah I mean these sisters hate each other right Yeah Oh, yeah, how much is 300 000 pounds I think it's pretty it's like around 300 000 give or take Let's see So yeah, it's like 300 380 k um So I don't know guys split it in the middle Yeah, but see like if you're the other daughter, right? If you're the mom's daughter Right one laws on your side tie goes to the runner and your mom was younger. So like why would you split it?   I don't have a will Yeah, you don't have a will either No, wow you should get on that Yeah, I don't know who's gonna get that sweater I just gave it to blake Was that that kid in the hallway? No, Blake Pareto You're giving him that sweater Yeah, he just messaged me on instagram and said you're not worthy of wearing that and I said it's yours now I don't normally own this sweater. I'm technically borrowing this right now. Yes. So you just gave play you just gave Blake my sweater Yeah I got duped Let's go to court. I feel like the the father's daughter Sorry about it. I don't know man big rock. I gotta go to the law now and prove that that was my sweater Fuck Better the day it's the bet of the day jakey jakey very no big mistake here last night and I have now won three bets In a row which is the longest winning ties the longest winning streak on this radio show since May 24th nice man If I win today it would be four in a row and that'll be the longest winning streak since may 24th I mean no one's worried about that It just shows how bad we've been No one's worried about that and that's what we're trying to show Jim you know what I'm uh I'll test your laurels here and I'm going to test my laurels and I've actually got the classic win-win bet going Vandy Vandy Wrong wrong jim So a win-win bet is when you bet against the team you're rooting for Because if the team you're rooting for wins you could still be happy about that. I ain't betting on the blue jays So I am taking michigan to win tonight And that way of vandy wins I lose the bet but vandy wins and I'm and I like that I wish I liked Vanderbilt as much as I hate their uniforms Unis aren't bad. They're the worst uniforms. I've seen in a long long time.  I don't know anything about this. I think vandy's favored. It's going to essentially be a pickum um, michigan will pay probably a little better than vandy But um, I I'm going I'm going michigan. All right for the sake of the story jakey jakey about to make a big Mistakey I am disagreeing jake because that that burly dude I talked about him. So yeah, you you guy Steven scott I only got like one more game where I'm allowed to root for him before he becomes a red sock Sock He looks like he could be prone to um, fatness Okay So I'm worried for him that He goes to the red socks pablo sand of allville, you know gets gross and ugly We already he's already started growing the the gnarly beard, which is actually pretty well count right now So the red socks may gross him up pretty quick. So it's my last day to root for him before I can't anymore I like that. Yeah. Yeah. All right. That ends the show. Oh, what was the song we played today some corny 80s song? Yeah Unless I can find a real version of uh Joe last music Looks like looks like I can't so bad go to this song then See you guys. We'll see tomorrow feels like friday. It's not two more days of this John use day. See ya


Up until this point, I was of the belief that Donald Trump doesn't actually believe the claims that he's making about voter fraud. He's saying it as part of a grift in order to raise money for his super PAC and pay down his campaign debt. He's saying this because he wants to rally the base ahead of the Georgia runoffs, although now that may be backfiring. I never actually believed that he believed his own delusions. However, a new report is actually saying that he did believe his delusions and he kind of convinced himself that he did in fact win. And on top of that, he seriously contemplated just refusing to leave come January 20th. Literally trespassing. This is absolutely bonkers, but let's let's learn some more about this. This is from Peter Weber of Yahoo News who explains, President Trump was privately coming to terms with his loss to president-elect Joe Biden, but he has now reversed and dug in deeper, not only spreading misinformation about the election, but ingesting it himself, CNN reports, egged on by advisors like Rudy Giuliani and Jenna Ellis, who are misleading Trump about the extent of voting irregularities and the prospects of a reversal. One advisor told CNN he's been fed so much misinformation that I think he actually thinks this thing was stolen from him. Even the Electoral College formalizing Biden's win did not appear enough to shake Trump from his delusions of victory, CNN says, but it is adding urgency to a push by several of his advisors to gently steer Trump toward reality. Discussions of Trump's post-presidency future tend to go nowhere because Trump all but shuts down CNN reports. In his moments of deepest denial, Trump has told some advisors that he will refuse to leave the White House on Inauguration Day, only to be walked down from that ledge. The possibility has alarmed some aides, but few believe Trump will actually follow through. I am stunned by this. Like, it's shocking, but it shouldn't be shocking, but yet it's still, honestly, like I feel as if Trump is still managing to defy my expectations. So he actually has convinced himself that he won, and whenever they talk about his career, perhaps even 2024, he shuts down because he just won't accept that he lost. This is beyond pathetic, and you would think that his aides wouldn't have to do this. I mean, of course, they're going to work for him and try to convince him to do the right thing, but he has family members like his wife, Ivanka Trump, who actually he'd listened to. So where are they? Why aren't they talking him down from this ledge? Why aren't they trying to get him to grapple with reality? Like, I don't understand. Like, it almost seems cruel, and I don't care about Donald Trump, but if he was my family member, I would be trying to talk some sense into him because this is insane. This is bizarre. Now, when it comes to him saying he refuses to leave on inauguration day, because like it or not, when the clock strikes 1201, he's out, and if he doesn't leave, he's trespassing. So I just have to say this because I know that we're all thinking this, and it's probably inappropriate for me to admit this, but I want to say it. I want to see him refuse to leave, and I want to see Secret Service like escort him out by force. I think that would be hilarious. I'm sorry. We all are thinking it. You're thinking it. I think that would be so hilariously entertaining. It would be surreal to see, and I want to see it. I'm sorry, but like, if we're going to have a reality TV show as star as president, I want the entertainment value that comes with it, and I want it all. I want to see this. I want it to be a spectacle because I couldn't care less about Joe Biden's inauguration. In fact, I think I'm probably going to avoid Twitter and the internet on that day because everyone will be insufferable, giving him way too much credit than he actually deserves. But if anything's going to make me tune in, it's the possibility of Donald Trump refusing to leave. I want to see it. I want to see that dumpster fire. I think it would be hilarious. But on the flip side, you know, that's, it's worrying, but after 1201, Biden is president now. The nuclear launch codes flip over to Joe Biden. Like, there's nothing that you can do. You're out of options. There's literally not a single thing you can do. So if you refuse to leave your trespassing, and I just think that, like, it's the perfect end to this era in American politics, assuming that this is actually the end of the Trump era, and he doesn't become president again in 2024. But I think it would be just like the cherry on top of this shit Sunday that was the Trump era. And I think it would be funny. I'm sorry. Everyone thinks this. Nobody wants to admit this, but we all want to see it. We all want to see Donald Trump dragged out.  I think it would be hilarious. It won't amount to much, which is why I'm not worried. Like if there was actually a feasible threat that he would try to like launch some sort of a coup by staying in the Oval Office and refusing to leave, then I would take it seriously and think it was a problem. This would be just him refusing to leave and then subsequently getting escorted out by Secret Service. I don't know what's gonna happen. I don't know if he'll ever come to terms with reality, but either way, this is genuinely sad. Like if I actually cared about Donald Trump, if he was my family member, I would be so concerned. Like if this was my uncle or father who was doing this, I would really like try to talk them down from this state of delusion that they're in because it's unhealthy, but it seems like Donald Trump's family, they're all so intimidated, they're afraid to confront Donald Trump.  That's entertaining to say the very least. Trump's role is so much better. Trust me folks, he's doing a great job. He really is, okay?