Hey GovCon Giants family, Eric Coffey here, and today we are going to discuss the sources sought RFI notices that came out for the week. So I've already pulled up the screen here. I pulled up and there's currently as of the recording, there's 554 results again for those who are new to my channel who've never seen us do this before. We are in beta.sam. Let me just pull this down so you guys can see it. My picture is covering it. There it is, beta.sam. All right, we're in beta.sam.gov, here in beta.sam.gov. We just go to publish week, past week click filter, and then under the types of notices we're looking at sources sought notices. Mind you, if you don't know the importance of a source of sought notice or why we're even doing this, go back and watch my video on sources sought notices and the importance of them. So today we're going to take a look at this week's sources sought notices because why? We want to get ahead of contract opportunities that are coming down the pipeline because beta.sam is still not quite ready to go. It's really difficult to navigate and scroll through 554 results. Officially, I think they published 20 or so on the screen. So as you can see down here, I would have to go through 56 pages to do that. That is nearly impossible. So good thing for everyone. I've already pulled it up here on the spreadsheet so we can take a look. So here on my spreadsheet, we've downloaded the 554 results and we're going to go through them. I always find interesting things that people watching actually can benefit from. So I like to go through them each and every week. That way we can talk about it. Let's just look and see if we find anything interesting here. Land road trailer, plank restoration. Let's see. Forehood environmental lab, analytical services, heat furnace. Rigid connecting link. Let's see. Sources Japan. Virtual patient immersive training. That looks interesting, right? Maybe we'll take a look at this one. Virtual patient immersive training. Tactical combat, casualty care, virtual patient immersive training. Okay, I'll take a look at that one. So what we do is we actually go here and I copy this particular number. We come back on the other screen on our browser, right? Under keywords, we put paste the number and hit enter and it pulls up our results. And then we can take a look at this and see if it's something that we're eligible for or something that we even qualify. This happens to be in Japan. However, since it's virtual immersive training, we can probably do it online, right? Virtual training. Let's see. Virtual patient designed to match current mannequins, simulators, student gaze tracking when instructive verification, virtual medical interventions, multi-stage conditions, psychological progression, integration between virtual patients, and physical mannequins, remote control tablet built in DOD mandate TCC training algorithms. Not something that I'm familiar with. So we're going to keep on trucking. All right. Let's keep going. Shores protection project, Broward County. That's my backyard. That should be cool. Sources of testing and evaluation, training, threat, target systems, tape collection, ultra microphone for array of tomography, identity storage racks. I know some people in IT can do that. ISU Cuba rack. I don't know what that is. Let's see. 100 gig ethernet encryptor. My IT folks out there. You should be able to do something like that. Oh, bell helicopter spare parts. I do have folks out here who are aviation folks in the group. So this is something that I think would be of interest to them. In fact, I'm going to save this one. I'm going to just highlight it and then I will add it back in the show notes for people to look at. Air Force Enterprise based operating support. Fistage imaging support services, veterans and services services, but veteran on business. Pillow speaker with Jack. Let's see. And again, this is the is to give folks an idea of what's coming up. This is okay. This is good. May talk to acquire real property maintenance. This was good for army installation. I'm going to save this one. I like that because it says to actually acquire property. So that should be pretty interesting. That would call for my real estate folks out there to let telemetry systems.  These are words that I don't use all the time, right? Satcom and Tana's regulatory management centers, cubicle and modular office furniture. Let's see. We have spinal cord stimulators, vehicle transportation equipment, elevators and lifts. Relay boxes. Oh, oh, I knew I would find something worthwhile. Roofing IDIQ. Okay, I better, I better have someone out there in the gubcon giant's world that knows roofers and that goes after this roofing IDIQ. They have it for the south and the north. I'm going to make sure I'm going to. This is going to be the highlight. This is going to be the title of this video. It's roofing IDIQ. All of my contractors and construction people are pleased. This thing is probably huge and I haven't seen it. Let's go back and take a look.  And let's take a look at this thing. Roofing IDIQ, sources of roofing IDIQs. Make sure you respond. United States Department of Agriculture. Okay, they're looking for small businesses and this area covers. So it's a construction, renovation, repair products, aeros, planes, south locations which include Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico. The task order rangers are going to be $2,000 to $2.5 million. You're going to have to show bonding capacity with the name. And again, you have to get it to five. Look, look, let's take a look at the requirements here. All right, bonding capacity per project. But then your experience is show five government or commercial projects that your firm has completed in the last five years. So five projects in five years, that's one a year. Pretty simple. With cost ranges between $2,000 to $2.5 million in roofing. Pretty easy. We've got till September 14th to submit this. Pretty standard stuff. Doesn't tell you the amount but it's going to be significant because if their contract's awarded from $2 to $2.5 million it's going to probably be somewhere in the neighborhood of $25 to $50 million or $50 to $100 million IDIQ respectively. So definitely someone should be looking at that. I'm going to make sure we put that in here. And if you need help, let us know. Protection advocacy training and technical assistance projects, fire engine truck repairs, technical support systems, virtuality threat trainer, something in Sweden. Oh, sorry, sorry, sorry. Testing block weights for crane. I know we've got crane operators. Let's see remote switching gear assembly. Custom built paint booth maintenance. Suicide prevention doors. I have no idea what a suicide prevention door is. Long range air delivery of maritime mines. Oh, let's go. I'm reading it. I'm reading it. I guess I read it out loud in case someone's driving and listening to me. Installation of lift gates. I just talked to someone who does lift gates. Installation fencing, parking lot improvements. That's a good one for a local company. Diesel tank cleaning. I know my buddy does that up in Massachusetts. Still algae bioreactors. Combination, tender boat, suspended platform. You know what? This is good. I have my guy who's into tugboats. Let me see if this might make sense. I know he does tugboats. Maybe he does tender boats. We'll save that one for some people out here. Digital periodicals from Cengage Learning Center. I don't know what that is, but I'm sure that there are people out here who do. Let's take a look and kind of see what that is. Just being nosy now. By the way, the reason why you want to do sources notices is because by the time this stuff comes out, it may be too late. Look at that. So what they're looking for is the planning purposes. And again, don't be discouraged because it says this is for planning purposes only. This is how people like myself get sole source opportunities because we respond. Everyone else says, oh, then it says this is not a bid. This is for planning purposes. They're not going to issue a contract. I get it. Consider it as marketing your business to this agency. Provide access to the following digital archives of these periodicals. Middle East series, Middle East, 18th century collection. I don't even know who has this kind of stuff. But if you have this stuff, you probably, it's probably worth some gold right now because the government's looking for it. So if you've got it, it seems like it's worth gold. All right, let's keep pushing. Workative services, program contract support services. Sounds like staffing to me. Mental health program for New Jersey Army National Guard. I'm highlighting that because I know some people that are in that space. In fact, oh my man, I spoke to him the other day. I just spoke to someone recently who's in that space for mental health program. National Guard, I'm definitely saving that one for him. Market research project. Who can't do a market research project? Come on. I know we've got people out here that have the ability to do market research projects for the government. Musician, look at that. Chapel Musician. Highlighting that one for folks. Navy Forces online support contracts. Blood and blood transfusion services. Detentions, detention services. I don't even know what that is. Lease of office space, realtors, carpet tiles. Oh yeah, we do carpet tiles. Boiler controls. Water jetting and abrasive blasting services. I know painters out here, Teddy. My painters do most of the time. They know people who do abrasive blasting services. Also, I had someone that actually emailed me a long time ago that does, he's got a special way of treating the ships that are rusted out. This would be a great opportunity for him. I know folks, again, lease in real estate space. Lease real estate space. Lease real estate space. Mobile gym and a box. Come on. Norfolk Naval Shipyard preservation, IDIQ sources sought. I'm curious, I'm just curious where they're looking to preserve. Let's go back over to our window and see what are they looking to preserve here. It's so often that I always look at these things and by the time they're awarded, it's one or two people that bid because everyone else just failed to show up. Hold on. Let me make sure. Okay, good. Just want to check if my mic was working. We're already, you know, 12 minutes in this video. I just want to make sure my mic was working. All right. Management, material support, labor, supplies, equipment necessary to perform, depot, intermediate level, preservation of this USS Toledo submarine. Okay. Yeah. No. That's above my pay grade. Close the door. Children prevent maintenance units, duck assemblies, retinal cameras, cost-estimating services. I know we have folks that can do cost-estimating services. It reminds me of some of my people who do engineering. Shelter tents for COVID-19 testing. They're still looking for shelter tents for COVID-19 testing. Actuators, treadmills. Come on, stress treadmills, laundry carts. I've got to speed up. Landing gear will design services and post-construction support services. Where are my engineers? I had two people on IG. In fact, I have someone that watched my... I'm going to save this one for her because I had someone who says, we can't find stuff for engineering services. Boom. You're not looking in the right places. Again, by the time you're looking, you're looking at beta SAM for actual bid issuance. By the time you do that, this is already gone. Camera mobile surveillance unit, air purification parts, USAFA band cloud, fuel aircraft fuel, cell fuel aircraft, excuse me. Comprehensive review and integration of assessment security systems. I've got to move on. We're at 200. There's 500 plus opportunities. Don't go just yet. If you're watching this, something really, really good is coming out and it's probably going to be in your space and you're going to go on to the next TikTok video. Consulting services. Sweet. Shoe covers. Nice. I sold some of those. Job Corps, health support services. Access health support sources, but train AC units, polysomnography, sleep disorder technician services. Alexa is in my background talking. Consulting and engineering R&D services for spectral measurements. Demilitarization, research and development. I'm saving that. I know there's people in here who can take a look at this type of information. They can write their reports. There's probably people who've already done these studies already. It's just a matter of finding them. Portable toilet trailer, portable toilet trailers. San Diego.  ISO certification services. Oh, yeah. We have someone in our GovCon Giants group that can do that. I am sending it to her. She's going to be so happy. I'm sending it to her today. Space in Durango, Colorado. I know it's a pain in the butt, right? Look at all this stuff. But you have to go through it. You have to go through it. You got to do it. That's why I do it once a month. I mean, once a week. Shredding services. I interviewed one of my podcast guests who has a copy. They want her family-owned businesses to do copy and printing. I know they can do shredding. I don't know where it's at, okay? We're almost there. We're in the 300s. Financial data management software. I know people who do that. Stratus. Stratus mobile software application subscription programs. Sounds pretty basic. A&E services for environmental investigations. Again, people say we don't. There's no A&E services. I've seen three of them right here. You're looking in the wrong place. A lot of times people are saying, I look at beta salmon. I don't see my stuff because you're looking for contracts. You're not looking for social sub because people don't believe their contracts. In fact, I taught the SBA Success Week last week. I taught the untraditional approach to proposal writing. And it's funny because Marina set back and said, for me, that is the traditional approach. But for people, that is considered the untraditional approach. So for me, this is actually the traditional approach to looking at contracts. And what folks do by bidding, bidding, bidding is actually untraditional for me. If you're going to bid anything, if you're going to respond, make sure it's, I would make sure it's a multi-year contract and IDV, IDIQ, MATOC, SATOC, BPA, things like that. Survey mapping, geospatial, A&E, IDIQ. Centers for Instructional Leadership, Advanced Coaching, Professional Learning. I know we've got coaches and trainers out there. Young Adult Outreach Education Initiative. Sounds like something for a non-profit. Office Base, Geotechnical Services, AE, IDC contract. Body cameras. We're almost done. Stay with me.  Stay with me. Asbestos Abatement and Puerto Rico. Purchase of USB headset and microphone. Come on, come on. I want to see one of my, you know, under 25 year olds get that one. Great place to start. If you're under 25, I'm almost there. We're at 500s. We're at 19 minutes. Wow. All right, I know. Get to the point, Eric. Get to the point. Storage Tank Cleaning, Braco Oil. Sources of Strategy and Business Solution Support. Scrub X Dispensers. Lease Retail and Related Space. Environment Modeling Simulation. Parallel Bars. Sticker that Parallel Bars is out. Office Space in Gainesville, Florida. Dynantouch Kiosk Sources Sots. Boot Dust and Moisture. National Recruitment Services. Applicant Tracking System. That's for my IT people. Applicant Tracking System. Sounds like something for IT folks. Apple Mac Pros. CDC is looking for contracts who can provide an Apple Mac Pro Tower. Immentorized Flight Termination System Sources Up Vendicator Badging System. All right. Look, unless you're interested in this National Recruitment Services, that's fine. I'm going to go ahead and pull this up just because I do have. I want to help some IT people look at opportunities. So we're going to pull this up and then we're going to close up with this one here. So unless you're interested, it was nice talking to you today. Thanks for watching this video. Continue watching, learning, growing your businesses, growing in the space. Happy to be here to be able to support you in any manner. By the way, if you are doing or have won your first contract, where Maria is actually interviewing students, subscribers, people who've been following me for a while who actually won their first contract, she is going to be hosting that podcast. So it should be exciting, interesting. We've got some really good people lined up already. National Recruitment Services Application Tracking System. So if you are one of those folks, send us an email, send us a message if you'd like to be interviewed talking about your first contract win. National Recruitment Service Application Tracking. Okay, I'm going to pull this down and read it real quick. Hopefully it pulls up on the screen so we can see it together. That'd be great. Just download the doc file. It's coming up. Okay, it's not on the screen. Here, let me change real quick. I'm going to change this one in a second. Come on. All right, here we go. All right, PWS, Veteran Self-Administration National Recruitment Service has been tasked with vital mission to use best practices to recruit critical healthcare needs in addition to fine consulting services. Scope of work. Here we go. Track statute relationship between clients. There's a job opportunity for potential candidates. It's going to be a one-year base for your options. Okay, location Oklahoma City. This is what you have to do. Initial import of data from existing APS. 40,000 plus candidate records. So yeah, this looks, this is good. I like it. I like it. I think we, I know we have some people in the group that can do this. So I'd be very curious to see how many of those people actually, you know, would take it a son. Hey, listen, thank you so much for watching as always. If you have any questions about anything that we talked about, make sure to drop a comment below. The, as of August the 28th, which is in one week from now, the price of the Gupkin Giants course will be going up. We are changing it and we're going to be, it's going to become a school with multiple courses. Right now we're going to starting with 20 plus courses. And in the future, we will be able to create learning paths where depending upon the area that you want to go into, there will be a series of courses that you take to go down that path. So looking forward to doing all that great stuff. This is the last few weeks to get in for a lifetime membership before we go to a subscription based model. It's just kind of want to let everybody know that that way. We already know September 1st, we're going to get a bunch of emails and people asking about the old pricing. So hopefully that you catch this before then and you get a chance to join in. If not, that's okay. I would love to have you on an annual subscription basis because we're going to be providing value and supporting you and we believe that's the best way to do so and to continue to deliver excellent and all that we do. Thanks so much allowing me to be here to be with you on your Gupkin journey. It's been a pleasure. We're having a blast and I can't wait until the new fiscal year. Thanks guys. Take care.


Almost 200 Clevelanders gathered at Brown Stadium for brunch, but this was no ordinary meal. The Gold Star Family event, hosted by the Marine Corps Scholarship Foundation and Gold Star Moms, paid tribute to Marines from the Cleveland area who gave their lives for the preservation of freedom. One of those Marines was Dustin Durga, who was killed in Iraq in 2005. Dustin's father, Robert, says that coping with his son's death was difficult for the family. But Dustin's memory gave them the inspiration they needed to carry on. Even though he endured a lot of hardships in Iraq, he was always able to smile and get the other guys laughing. And I guess, you know, that's the key thing in life. We can't take it too serious. We've got to remember each other and enjoy the journey. The support given by fellow Marine parents as well as the Marine Corps has also been an influence on the family's well-being. It's totally overwhelming the times it really is. And so, you know, in many ways we're blessed. The Scholarship Foundation also announced a new scholarship, the Ohio Fallen Marine Scholarship, to be awarded the children of Marines and Navy corpsmen from Ohio. The brunch was an emotional reminder of the sacrifices made by Ohio service members. For Marine Week Cleveland, I'm Lance Corporal John Tucker.


I'm going to remind you that in these things that we use every time and time, if you don't have one and you have a smart phone or a laptop or something like that, you can use that instead. I showed how many people do not have a computer but do have a web-enabled device or some sort of event. Excuse me. I'm going to show you what I'm going to tell you. If you go to the class page, you should either get to the blackboard or go to this web page or there's a link on the front that says something like for clicking without a clicker or something. Okay? So you can just open that page and then there's a link about it. So in fact, since you have your clickers here, let's have our first clicker question. You can still do it. Okay? So the way the clickers are graded, by the way, is you get one point for answering and one point for answering correctly because if you have, so, you should be able to figure out the difference between these two things where some of you, this is the right answer and for some of you, this is the right answer. Yeah.  Thank you.  Thank you for reminding me at the launch of web browser and starting the question. For those of you that don't have clickers, it will say there's no question open because the network doesn't like me right at the moment. But it will. So please be patient. Click the try again button because you can give them a choice. Come up. There's the question. It just says there's a clicker. You don't have a clicker and you're using a smartphone or something. You should have a bluish page and it should say answer your answer and also enter your ID number. Okay. Did everybody manage to figure out to answer that? You have 97 responses. You have clickers. You just press the number and then you press one, two, or three and you can press the little thing in the center that says send. And then you have a little smiley face. It has a little smiley face. It means I got your answer. For those of you that went home that should say I took your answer. Okay. Everybody's answered, right? Except him. He hasn't. We'll get a chance later. Okay. So I'm stopping this question now. So I can see here. I'm not going to put it up unless it matters. 99% of you answered number one. 1% of you answered what? I don't get to see your results until I go back to my office. You should have all answered no. If you answered yes. Well, I guess yes could be correct. It just means it's not with you. But anyway. Okay. All right. So I will do this.  As we go. I won't necessarily ask clickers questions every five minutes. I may only ask 1. I may ask 0. I may ask 10. Whatever. The point of this is to just get you to interact with each other and stuff. Okay. Yeah. Okay. So now we need to do some calculate. Well, there was one other administrative thing. And I just forgot where it was. Okay. So a web assignment homework. There is a homework assignment on a web assignment. It's up. It's been up for a while. It was due on Wednesday at 9 a.m. Because of the hurricane, I added a couple of extra days. It is now due far too early Saturday morning. This means do it before you sleep on Friday night. If you don't go to sleep on Friday night, I'll let you do it on a Saturday morning. Do it. If you do, any questions that you answer, original due date, give you extra credit. Plaint this last time. So don't be confused. The way the grading works is if you answer right the first time, you get full credit. If you answer right the second time, you get one half credit. If you answer right the third time, you get one third credit and so on. But if you answer right the second time but early, you get one half credit because you get a bonus on your half credit. You get three quarters credit. Yeah? Like if you answer right the third time, like if you answer right the third time, you get seven days before. No. If it's more than two days before the due date, you get the credit. You get the bonus. So you don't get a bonus over doing it right now versus waiting until Monday. Generally, if you do it over the weekend, because there's usually one Wednesday, you get the bonus, but if you wait until Monday or Tuesday, you know. So the main point of the bonus is to get you to think about the problems, do those you can do, and then worry about those that you have trouble with later. I know there was another, but I can't remember what it is. So is there anything else? You don't know what I covered. All right. By the way, this is Professor Bonifam. I don't know why she's here, but she is. She teaches the other lecture at 5.20. And for some reason, we don't want to come to this lecture any longer because I see two people are going to, two disorganized go to her. I'm going to do some math. I know it seems confusing, but we'll do it anyway. I don't need to say that. So, but you can tell me that. Not really. So he said study abrasive chain. That's not wrong. Don't feel good when I'm trying to get here, but. So what calculus, anybody else have an idea? So we're writing them off. No? Nobody knows what calculus is. You've all had at least a semester of calculus and you don't know what it is. He knows. He's the only one that's been to class. Yeah. Okay. Or rock. Yeah. So, okay. So what it is about, I mean, the main, the big idea in calculus, the huge idea in calculus is that you can understand topic stuff. This is. That's the big idea. This is the big, and then why didn't it have. Newton was supposedly sailing on a river and he wanted to understand how his boat was floating on the Thames or something. And he wanted to understand why his boat was moving and he was looking at the currents and realized that the currents were pushing him and if he just knew how all the currents fit together, he would know where his boat was going to go. And this is the big idea that makes calculus work. And the way that we understand this microscopic detail in modern days is via the notion of a limit.  But for mathematicians, this is the thing. This is what calculus is. If there's a limit there, it's probably calculus. Mathematicians tend to call this analysis, but if there's a limit, there's probably some calculus hiding somewhere. Name. So these macroscopic things that we want to understand, so we have some function, some function. We want to know stuff. We want to use this microscopic detail to learn things about it. What you all studied in your first semester, one of the things that you studied is the notion of the derivative. The microscopic thing that we're looking at, we take our function, let me do it over here, and we blow it up. It's pretty straight. It's not quite straight. A lot more. It looks like a straight line. So this is the idea of blowing something up and zooming in until it looks straight. What are we doing when we're zooming in? We're taking a limit. We want to understand what's going on at this point. We understand that. We zoom in, zoom in, zoom in. And this process can be formalized. It goes to zero plus H. Maybe let's call this A. And this gives us a thing that you know about, but you probably forgot this formula, called the derivative. This is not what we're talking about in this class, but this is what we will use all the time. And so this is one of the big ideas of calculus, is the idea of a derivative. What's another big idea in calculus? Okay, so integration. The idea of integration. The idea of integration, we want to ask a slightly different question about the function, not how is it looking in the small. We maybe assume that we know something about what's going on in the small. We want to know for the same function. And we want to use the same idea. And in order to understand the big question, the macroscopic detail, we want to focus on little ideas to put it together to understand it. So in order to find the area here, this is my graph. We want to find the area there. And something that you all should know, and if you don't know, then you should be in math 126 instead of 132, is the way to find this area is little pieces.  So I chop it up into pieces, and instead of finding the area, it looks like something that I can take the area up. So maybe I chop it up a little more. If I keep on chopping, the pieces are, then they have some little bit of curve on top of them. Curves tilted down or tilted up, or whatever.  But I doubt any of you can. Maybe you guys in the front can. So this is a rectangle. Just like in this case, this bit that's curved, if I chop it tiny enough, it looks like a rectangle. Rectangles are really easy to find the area of. You just take the height times the width, and we know the area.  And that gives us the area of the big thing. Nobody knows really the height times the width. Well, we'll stick the widths for a minute. What's the height? Well, depending on where. But if this rectangle sits right here, point here, let's call it x star, sitting in there, then what's the height? If I put n rectangles here, and I make them all equal, so if I used, let me use a number. If I used a hundred rectangles, yeah, it's not a plus b divided by a hundred, because that would say this distance is over a hundred. Instead, it's this distance, which is this minus that, minus a over n. Now, about, I don't want you to memorize all sorts of formulas and stuff. I want you to think about what's going on. If you try and do this class by memory, you either have to have an amazing, even if you have an amazing memory, next year or the year after, you think about what the idea is, but fit together with the idea, this class is not so hard, easier classes, but that's the way to succeed, is understand what's going on, and then the memory becomes easy, because the memory is, oh, it's kind of like that, oh, it's this because that's how it works. If you just memorize formula, you'll make little mistakes, like a plus b over a hundred, rather than b minus a over a hundred, or you'll remember a wrong formula, and you'll screw up. So, this is the width b. Well, we take a hundred points, scatter them x2, x3, I'm going to forget about the star, up to x100, soon I'm going to change the 100 to an n, is going to be, well, I take the height of x1, half of x3, blah, blah, blah, I'm not going to write all of it. This is my approximate area. It's not the actual area, but it's pretty darn close there's a hundred little whiteậtish there, they're all very squint scheme. It's really close. The key is to write I, most of you, you would say notation, anybody not familiar with some notation? It'd be, you're not familiar. Okay, so, I will now introduce it here. until October. We'll use it a little now and then we'll use it a lot in October. So this is tedious to write. And if instead of 100 I had a thousand it would be different one word of change. This means this is a Greek capital S standing for sum and the things we're going to use again somewhere else. Starting from 1 and here going to 100 and what our mission is exactly what is in the parentheses. So these are exactly the same thing. There's no math here, there's only notation. It's exactly the same way to write that. So this big sigma shouldn't be scary if you program this is a for loop. So this is for I from 1 to 100. What level should I write it? I don't know. Basic.  And do. There we go. So this is just take this thing at it. Take the next thing at it. Take the next thing at it. We will study these in much greater detail in four weeks If we change into it, let's put the sum on the outside. Now we haven't used this idea of limit yet at a picture at this level. The area is very close to something straight but it's not exactly equal to something straight. So instead of taking the limit sort of at once the thing the rectangles get small and the number of them gets big. It's going to be just about b minus a over n. You should spend a lot of time on that. It's going to be less than the sum of this form depending on how we choose the next i and bigger than another one and these two things go together. Let me draw that picture actually. So let me do n equals 4. Here's my function. I want to go from there to there. I want the area. I'm going to chop it into four pieces. There we go. I'm going to tell you how to choose these x i's except that they live inside this region somewhere. So I get to choose x one in here somewhere. If I choose it here, this is x one. Then I choose x two. Well it looks to me like I want the lowest. Here this is my x two and then I'm going to choose it here. This is my x three and then I'm going to choose it. It looks like about here. There's my x four. Then the area I will get will be definitely too small. Absolutely too small. It can be no bigger. I mean no smaller because every rectangle or the big rectangles in this picture sit underneath the curve. So this is a low. It is for sure. Even if I know nothing else about the function except the value here, here, here and here, the area is for sure less than what I get with those four rectangles. Bigger. Those four rectangles are less than what I get for the area. Different game, let me just draw the same picture. We're pretty close to the same picture here. So if instead I chose v, I'm going to call them m, m for maximum input. Whatever. I will call them v. If I instead choose this point to be my first one for this rectangle and then I choose the same but this point to be my v two here and then I choose this guy, be my v three and then I choose this guy to be my v four for sure too big. It should be reviewed to all of you. So that means that the area for of v minus a over four goes to two numbers. Function looks like the one that I choose goes according to the rule I chose. The x i's are the minimums and the v i's are the maximums. I could have done the same thing with 40 or just some number n. You'll still get the area is trapped between those two things. But notice also that if I use lots and lots of rectangles and the function isn't too crazy, this will get bigger.  So I would get a bigger area on the bottom and a smaller area on the top. And so as we take more and more area, we'll do the same thing. So if we take the limit by choosing them, then this goes to some number. So if this number exists, this is the area. This is the definition of the integral. If we chop it up into a bunch of rectangles, choose a point inside the rectangle and take the limit as the number of rectangles goes to infinity and the width goes to zero, this understanding that when it comes down to looking at little slices is extremely important for understanding what we do later. So even though using this formula, if you think back to when you did calculus one, you used this formula for a couple of weeks or a month or whatever, and then your professor showed you a magic trick that you never need this formula anymore. And you said, see, why did I sweat so hard to do that formula? And similarly, probably made you, magic happened and there's an easy formula. What I like to do in math is take a hard formula and then make it easy. If we start with the easy, then when we try and apply it to something else where the original problem doesn't fit, it's not going to work. You don't know how to adapt it. So it's important, and we keep emphasizing this definition because this is what's really happening. It's like if you have a car, if you're not an airplane, how about a boat? The same principle that makes the boat motor is the same. If you have no idea what's going on in a motor, the motor boat is the same. There's little explosions going on in the distance, jumping up and down and all that. And we want to change this to make our motor not calculate areas, but calculate something else. Emphasize this because if I just start with, which you can probably all do, what's the integral of x squared, you all know that it's 1 1⁄2 x cubed. One third. So you all know how to do this, or just remember, we got it with something to do and I believe it is. That's why I named it 32 instead of 126. You have to make me do this. It's reminding you, so integrals. We know some integrals are areas. Well, one observation that we can make, this picture, is if the function is positive. If the function is negative, it's not really an area. It goes like this. Of this area, if you want to know the area because I'm going to put two carpet over this thing, I don't want to buy zero square feet of carpet, but the integral, if I drew it right, it is certainly possible. So it could be true that the integral from zero to five of this function, after that, you come up with zero. That's because if you think about this definition, in this part of the rectangle, I have a negative height because the formula does not say take the absolute value, which is the distance from the graph to the axis, but just take the value of the form. You have to change the sign here. But if we want integral, then we think of this as negative. We think of this as positive. So integral, by this definition, without putting little absolute values, there is not actually an area. It's a signed area. Actually, I mean, that may seem like a defect, and it is a defect from the original design, but it's easily remedied. The problem is discover how much carpet I need. The integral is more than finding distances, a way of finding all sorts of things, and we can easily correct it by just taking absolute values. So it's not a defect that something with a positive area in the sense of carpet needed has a zero in calculating anything. It's just built into the problem that this is none of the negative because it's below the way we do it. It's negative. Some simple integral without, probably did, and on the homework assignment, you can calculate the integral without having to calculate the limit. For example, let's take a specific function of absolute value of x. Absolute value of x looks like this. Absolute value of x dx is, well, your clicker says 1a. If your answer is c, do not click the button marked 1. If your answer is c, click the button marked 3. Sorry. We should also say 1 slash c. Yes, it does. So do it by left. Anybody need more time? Okay, so I'm going to stop this now. Last chance. Here we go. Come on. You didn't answer when I said you need time. It seems that 14% of you think this is the right answer, but I won't. 12% of you think this is the right answer. 75% think that's the right answer. So most of you think that it's c, and most of you aren't right. It's unfortunate for those of you that think it's those. But if you just look at this picture, this is a question about area. It's 1 because the absolute value of 1 is 1. The width is 1. So this area is 1.5 above the axis. So in there, you could also then cut this out, lay it down there into 1 by 1 square. If the area of a 1 by 1 square is not 1, something is very wrong. So the answer is in fact 1. From 0 to 1, no. Negative 1 to 1 of x dx. The choices are a, hold 1 there. That person put it back. Good for you. The correct answer favored by 84% of you is in fact 0 because this stuff is plus, this stuff is minus from 1 from there to there. They cancel out and we get 0. We can use, we can break up integrals because their area can integrate from here to here and then integrate from here. It's the same thing as the integral from a to b because we're saying, okay, we have this function times pi f, 3 pi, so we must be clear. 0 because it has no width. It changes the sign. We go backwards. So once in a while, do some of this going integral from a to b. Everything is negative as the integral from b to b.


The federal government announced earlier last week that it has approved an adjustment allowance of 25,000 Naira per quarter to medical and dental doctors in hospitals, medical centers and clinics in the federal public service. However, NERD's president Emeka Oji said they will be rejecting the offer as it is a paltry sum and does not meet their demand. This is our first hot topic this morning on the breakfast. And still talking health in order to ease the pains in our bodies, especially the back and joints and the muscles. We may not always need to pop pills. We may just need the services of a chiropractor. Today we'll be looking at who a chiropractor is and what services they can give. We'll be taking a look at the stories that made it to the front pages of some national dealings this morning on Off the Press with an analyst joining us this morning. Hello, good morning and welcome to the breakfast. I am Maureen. And I am Yamgul. It's always a pleasure having you join us every weekday morning to enjoy the breakfast with us as it is. Even though we cannot give you the tea and bread and the eggs and all that, even if we wanted to. Oh, but what we're giving is like tea bread and bread. We dole out the food for the brain to think about and maybe improve your lives and all that. Today is mindset Monday. So we're hoping that your mindset this morning will be so positive that it will affect the people around you because it's positivity at the end of the day that we need. Positivity comes with the fact that you still have hope that there will be a better tomorrow. Yes, let's hope that they have hope. Let's hope that you still have hope. So let's go straight to our very first up training this morning. ECOWAS imposes no-fly zone on Niger Republic and other restrictions in a super response to military coup in Niger Republic. The economic community of West African states has enforced a no-fly zone over the country. The decision was announced on Sunday by ECOWAS at an urgent meeting following the increasing tensions stirred by the military actors who are attempting to take over in Niger. This significant move, which includes air and land border closure, is seen as a crucial reaction to the recent ascendancy of the junta, which has stirred significant unrest in the country and poses a threat to political stability within the region. The ECOWAS leadership believes that the imposition of a no-fly zone will help curb the junta's influence and hinder any potential allies from providing aerial support, even as leaders of the coup fear that the regional body could stage an imminent military intervention in the capital of the Sahel country. While other restrictions imposed by ECOWAS include closure of land and air borders between ECOWAS and Niger, institution of ECOWAS no-fly zone to all commercial flights to and from Niger, suspension of all commercial and financial transactions between ECOWAS, member states and Niger, a freeze of all service transactions, including energy transactions, a freeze of assets of Niger Republic in all ECOWAS central banks, a freeze of all Niger state and the state enterprise and parasitals in commercial banks, and then suspension of Niger from all financial assistance and transactions with all financial institutions. They also impose travel bans on the military officials and other families involved in the coup attempting, you know, attempt including anyone who accepts to take a position in the military government policies and all that has to do with the junta. Oh well, I just, when I see this report and when I see reports like this, I just ask myself, why does this keep happening in Africa? And sometimes my answer to myself seems to be the fact that because people are not held accountable or are not accountable to the people that elected them there, this kind of things will keep happening. You see, when military take over in any country, the first thing people do, place sanctions on them, ask them to return the person who has been ousted or something, and nobody seems to ever ask the question, why in the first place was he removed? Did he do well? And if he didn't do well, what is the mechanism for checking our leaders, not to have absolute power that they can suppress the people all the time? And all these sanctions, will they work? It's another question because they give sanctions or the place sanctions on Mali, on Burkina Faso and all those people. Now I don't think those sanctions are even working anymore. So is Niger going to wait it out or these sanctions will actually make them have a rethink of what they have just done now? People are on the streets rejoicing. People are on the streets rejoicing. Echo has given the military seven days ultimately to reinstate Buzum, but they are saying they are not yielding and they are warning against any kind of counter offensive, any kind of military attempt to disturb what they are doing in their country. They believe they are on the right path to protecting and preserving what they have as Nigerians. So military rule is not one to be desired by anyone or any country, but it's unfortunate that it just keeps happening on the continent and it's also unfortunate that leadership problems have continued. Poverty has continued to be an issue on the continent and as long as those who are democratically elected are not leaving up to expectations, they leave room for things like this to happen, which is so sad and so unfortunate. You will ask yourself, the best form of military government is worse than the worst form of democracy. What has democracy really brought to the table in Africa? Because it's about the people, democracy is about the people, government of the people, for the people, by the people, but is that what is really happening in the African democratic setting? Are the people carried along and in all the scheme of things? Okay, for instance, let's just use the Nigerian experience that okay, palliatives are going to have 500 billion and then 70 billion out of the 500 is taken out for 500 people or less. The National Assembly will enjoy that and the rest of the people over 200 million will have to share the remaining 430 billion Naira, which they also have acknowledged that they are going to be giving 8,000 to poor households. Who is not poor in Nigeria nowadays? It is not poor right now. So, and then who are you giving 8,000? What will 8,000 do in any household? And the people you're calling poor people, maybe because of the fact that the poor have just themselves and no other assets that will keep them busy, they have more children than the people who are elitists. So you're giving 8,000 to a family of maybe five for a month and for six months and after that you're on your own and then you ask yourself, what will this kind of thing stop happening? Because military rule, okay it is very bad, okay, and democracy is very good. But how close is democracy to the people more than the military? How close and how much is democracy being practiced in the essence of democracy? We've seen court orders being disregarded in democracies in Africa. We've seen the lack of accountability which you just alluded to and it's which has led to so much poverty. Look at what's happening in Zafara. What happened in Zafara, you know? Look at Adamawa for example. Yeah, Adamawa, they went there to break the... Private warehouses were broken. Even government warehouses was also broken into, which has led to a curfew there right now. And what were they taking? Food. Food. Just simple food. And they're crying that they're hungry and a lot of people in millions of people are hungry. And there is the huge concern that this may spread to other parts of the country. If this is not nipped in the bud with active response, active response of providing food for the people and measures that would cushion the effect of the removal of fuel subsidy. But if the fuel subsidy would bring us too much problems, more than the problems we had when the fuel subsidy is still there, will it be so wrong to have a rethink about this fuel subsidy? That was the only thing that didn't have... In Nyamgu, was there even a fuel subsidy in the first place? A lot of things have been unearthed. A lot of things have been unearthed. Whatever they were doing that was giving us fuel for 200. When it was described as an organized crime by Pitaovi, some of us and lots of people didn't quite understand to what dimension he was talking about. It wasn't just that people were siphoning it, but was it even in place at all? But whatever they were doing enabled us to buy fuel for less than 200 Naira. That's what I'm saying. So whatever organized crime they had made, now we know, life a little bit easier than it is now. Fuel is selling for 620.  Now it is removed.  So if it continues like this, my fear is when it happened somewhere in the Arab world, it started in one place and it was almost like every Arab country was affected by this uprising and all that. I do not pray for that kind of a thing to come here. It has started in Niger. In Nigeria, Adamawa is on curfew right now because of the kind of uproar that has come. What if it's pressed to other states and then it degenerates into something that we do not want to even imagine? They never should have removed the subsidy in the first place. What they should have done was to go after those who were criminalizing the whole process. Beautiful. Those who were stealing, who were lying about it, make them account for all the monies they have been given in the name of subsidy and all the oil theft that's taking place. That's what they should have done instead of removing subsidy because how do you not subsidize this sector of the economy? Is there any country that does not subsidize some things for their people? Education is gone. Fuel is gone. Everything, health, everything, subsidy and everything is just gone. And then you expect the people to just sit down and watch. Well, I don't know how that is going to play out. I hope that the peace will continue. But right now, President Bola Tinubu has said that the federal government is receiving support and commendation from global communities over the removal of fuel subsidy. Are they here to enjoy with us what this is? And the foreign exchange regime policies also that he's saying that they are yielding positive results. I don't know the yardstick that the measure results. Tinubu stated these are a gala award night on Saturday organized by the office of the head of civil service of the federation to recognize and honor outstanding civil servants to mark the 2023 civil service week. Represented by the secretary to the government of the federation, Senator George Akume, President Tinubu appreciated civil servants for their numerous contributions to the economic development of the country and all that. So he's receiving commendation from the outside world. Is he receiving commendation from the Nigerian people who this subsidy removal was supposed to help? And will that fear go away that this fuel subsidy removal will now put money into different pockets if not the same pockets because palliatives will be used. And palliatives, whenever we talk palliatives we remember COVID-19, we remember the palliatives that we've had in Nigeria and we don't trust the government enough to believe that these things are going to play out the way they're saying it. So I think government should be deliberate about policies that in the immediate will bring so close to the people. Otherwise, otherwise, let me put dot dot dot. I'm not talking about that. From what we can see, from what we are hearing, it's looking like the more we see, the less we understand. Or you know what I mean? Because as I said, a lot of things have been unearthed. All right? There are lots of questions begging for answers from the NNPC, from those who are, from some marketers of this oil, the crude, those who, from the politicians that have been in power over the years, from the leaders that have been in power over the years, lots of questions are begging for answers. It's not what it looks like. You know, it's not as simple as it looks. There's a lot that needs to be done to correct so many things that have gone wrong over the decades in this country. And until there is a political will to go to the bottom of some of the wrongs, look, we may also be treating symptoms when the real issues are there to be a waste of time and a vicious circle which will lead Nigeria to nowhere. And clamping down on people will not always be the solution. NLC said they were going on strike. Modern of all strikes will start on Wednesday and the federal government came out and said you are banned from strike because there's a court action and all that. You want to guard the people. Even if the court will give you that, the courts can give you that. Fine. But will it be the solution just going to the court to get a ban on industrial action? It doesn't make sense to me. It doesn't make any sense. And they're still insisting. NLC is saying no matter what you're saying, the court doesn't ban us. We are going on strike. And if it happens, what happens to us? They're going on strike on Wednesday. Wednesday. They're going on strike on Wednesday. The doctors are already on strike. Right, doctors are already on strike. We don't know how far this is going to go. Nigerians are hungry. This is a very peculiar situation. The strike this time may be different from the previous strikes we've seen because there's so much anger. There's so much hunger too. And there's so much frustration. And so how is this going to go? Only God can tell right now. I can't see it being peaceful for more than two days because people will take advantage. Once people enter the streets, there are others that may not know the real reason why people are demonstrating and the reason that it's supposed to be peaceful demonstration. People might enter the street, take advantage. And hoodlums will abuse the whole process. Yeah. And people who didn't even intend to be hoodlums, who are hungry enough to do what is wrong, may enter the street as well. So a statement should be made. And the president being silent about this is not good to me. We've passed the stage of statement, Nyamgo. Actions. Nigerians are looking for actions that would change the situation. He starts with talk. Labour is saying we want the price of fuel to go back to what it used to be. As I said, a lot of things have been unearthed. So Labour is even beginning to shift ground from we want 200,000 minimum which to take this fuel price back to what it used to be. Oh God of mercy. Well, this is our country. We hope it continues to be peaceful but we do also really, really hope that the government will show the people some level of integrity, so much so that the trust level will go up. When there is trust, people can be patient enough. Can wait for you knowing that you will deliver. Right now, a lot of people do not have hope and that is where the danger lies. And everywhere you see people are saying, just like the former president of us and just said, we may be sitting on a keg of gunpowder. So something should be done about this. Whoever is listening to us or watching us right now who is a policymaker or who has the ear of a policymaker should say something in the next few days. His statement should be made and actions like Maureen said should start so that people will see and believe that the government has the people at heart. Well, we'll take a short break and return to face what we have on the papers. Stay with us.