Wow, the SM32 MP1 is the logical continuity of the SM32 for embedded computing. ST started the SM32 family back in 2007 with the SM32 F1 series based on Cortex M3 Core. Since then, we have extended our SM32 microcontroller portfolio to 14 product series over 1,000 park numbers, addressing application requiring ultra-halo power, wireless, mainstream or high performances. Today, SM32 microcontrollers are leading the market of general purpose 32-bit microcontrollers thanks to our product offering, of course. But also, for one very important reason, we wanted to simplify the development for customers. To do that, we have developed the SM32 Q-Ecos system along with a strong ecosystem from partner. With SM32 MP1, our goal is to address, in a similar way, all the development challenges of microprocessor customers by offering three product lines and 24 parameters along with complete ecosystem, supporting both Linux, Ertos and the leveraging of microcontrollers trends. One of the very important requirements for an industrial customer is product longevity. The SM32 MP1 benefits from the SM32 commitment to rolling longevity. What does it mean? It means that we are committing 10 years longevity supply chain as bare minimum. For example, SM32 F1 has been launched back in 2007 and longevity commitment has been renewed last January for 10 years more, though the SM32 F1 will benefit from 22 years of supply chain commitment. Finally, technical support is very important for our customers and SM32 MP1 will benefit from the SM32 worldwide local support along with support through our online communities. The SM32 MP1 microprocessor is indeed a general purpose microprocessor suitable for multiple applications. The SM32 MP1 architecture can cope with applications requiring high processing and advanced graphics but also real-time and power efficiency. The SM32 MP1 is a multi-market product microprocessor with a strong focus on industrial, hum, consumer, health and wellness. As an example of ideal application, we could think of an industrial application with HDMI display through the graphics, running termin per day combined with a motor control and low power sensor acquisition running 24-24 hours. This is a great question. Let's talk a bit about the flexible SM32 MP1 architecture. It's based on heterogeneous dual cortex A and cortex M architecture enabling the user to manage Linux processing applications while dealing with real-time construction systems. The SM32 MP1 includes a rich feature set including wide connectivity peripherals and analog interfaces. All those interfaces can be CMSC allocated either to cortex alienic side or cortex M real-time side. This great flexibility will allow to cope with a rich range of applications. This flexible SM32 MP1 architecture is composed of a high-speed processing part and a real-time part. First, the high processing part includes a single or dual cortex A7 core running at 150 MHz and optional 3D GPU running at 533 MHz and a DRAM interface running at 533 MHz. On top of that, you can find other high-speed interfaces like display interfaces with relation up to WXGA at 60 frames per second, a gigabit internet GMAG or 3 USB port. Secondly, the real-time processing is managed by a cortex M4 running at 200 MHz in use cases such as sensors, motor control and low-power acquisition. 448 kilobytes of embedded SRAM are dedicated to cortex M4 application to run microcontroller use case rising SM32 MP1 microprocessor. From power efficiency point of view, this architecture lets customers easily turn on or off the course independently to achieve the best figures for this application. For sure, the ecosystem is a key element of our solution when it comes to reducing costs and development time. First, on our hardware side, dealing with high-speed DRAM is often a challenge in terms of signal integrity and PCB layout. ST is proposing reference PCB layout example and a configuration tool that customers can use to spread out their development. Secondly, software development costs is exponentially increasing for most of our customers. To address this, ST has developed a fully mainline open-source Linux distribution for Cortex S7, already accepted by the Linux community and now part of the standard Linux long-term support 4.19 version. What does that mean? SM32 MP1 is now a plug-and-play on Linux. Now, let's talk about the real-time firmware. Well, the Cortex M4 benefits from the rich SM32 microcontroller legacy as part of the SM32Q firmware and lets customers focus on their end-product differentiation. On the tool side, we are extending our microcontroller tools to address the challenges specific to microprocessor in an integrated way. For instance, the SM32QMX configuration and code generation tool supports both Cortex A and HEM and the ID supports multi-core debug. We also want customers to easily evaluate our solution. To do so, we have evaluation and discovery boards available from ST and partners, which we are showcasing here at the show today. Finally, for customers looking for system-on-modules, SM32 MP1 has been selected by many partners. And let's not forget we have a great wiki with a few user guides for beginners and experts. Yes, SM32 MP1 is available for mass production right now in four different packages optimized for lower specific costs. Displayables are being made available at distributors by March. Boards will be available through your preferred distributors by April. Also, ST is proposing a dedicated power management IC solution together with SM32 MP1. It will significantly simplify customer development experience by optimizing power consumption, bill of materials and PCB footprint. Let me finish by a great demo. This demo is showing advanced HMI and real-time application. So this is our evaluation board. On Cortex A7 side, we are running Linux with advanced HMI running 3D graphics application. On Cortex M4 side, we have the real-time application where the motor control is running. Our demo is showing the combined demo of two worlds. And if you want to know more, you have to browse st.com slash SM32 MP1. Thanks for watching.


So, what does Wright look like? Vince Lombardi, the great coach of the Green Bay Packers from 1959 to 1967, would begin every first day of basic training with, gentlemen, this is a football. And then the great coach would proceed to take his players, all professionals, all who had played the game for a lifetime. He would take them to the field and say, now this is blocking, this is tackling, this is the end zone, and this is the field of play. Over and over and over again, Lombardi would stress the basics, the repetition of the basics. That's what Wright looks like. It's so easy to overestimate one big event or one big break while simultaneously forgetting the impact of the small choices, the daily habits, the little things that we repeat over and over and over again. And in our profession, as chaplains and RPs, it's the repetition of those fundamentals that make us successful and effective. Our success is built upon the basics, and that's what Wright looks like.


Hello, and welcome to this panel discussion on putting research into practice presented by the Centenary of ANZAC Centre as part of the MHPN online mental health conference working better together. A very warm welcome to all of you who've joined us today for the live activity. Welcome to those of you joining us later on a recording and of course a very warm welcome to our panel who I will introduce in just a moment. Before I do, I'd like to acknowledge the traditional custodians of the lands across Australia upon which our panellists and our participants are located and I'd like to pay our respects to their elders past, present and future. My name is Mark, I'm a clinical psychologist in private practice and a professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Melbourne. I've had a very long interest in the mental health effects of trauma and particularly in veteran and military mental health. And both as a clinician and as a researcher, I'm constantly amazed at the amount of research that's being published in the area and just how difficult it is to keep on top of it all. And so it's a great honour today to be able to facilitate this panel and to pick the brains of our expert panellists. So without further ado, let me introduce them. You all have their biography, so I'll keep it very, very brief. Professor Malcolm Hopwood is a director of the professorial psychiatry unit at Albert Road Clinic and he's also a professor in Department of Psychiatry at the University of Melbourne.  So welcome, Malcolm, thank you very much for joining us. Thank you, Mark. You know, I wasn't in Melbourne very long before I realised that at this time of year, you can't go for very long without the topic of conversation going to football. So I thought we should keep up the tradition and ask you how Richmond are going this year. The tides are going very well. I'm very proud of our boys. Are you? Not quite living up to the expectations from a year or two ago, but... Oh, Hope Springs Eternal, Mark. Hope Springs Eternal. Good. That's what I like to hear. That's what I like to hear. Jane Nursi is a clinical neuropsychologist and director of the Practitioner Support Service at the Centenary of Anzac Centre. Jane has many, many years of experience both as a clinician and as a consultant in areas of trauma, veteran and military mental health and knowledge translation. Welcome, Jane. Thank you very much for joining us. Thanks, Mark. So I should ask you the same question. Do you have a team that you support? No. I'm one of those rare Melbourne-born and bred people who has very loosal legions to different football teams. I'll follow whoever I like on the day, essentially. I don't think the real fans would approve of that, to be quite honest, Jane, but anyway, far be it from me to challenge you. Professor Megan O'Donnell is head of research at Phoenix Australia, a professor in department of psychiatry at the University of Melbourne, and she is also the research director of the newly established traumatic stress research clinic here in Melbourne. She specializes in early intervention and also in testing new and innovative treatments for trauma-related psychopathology. So welcome, Megan. Thank you. Thanks very much for joining us. Thank you. So what about yourself? Have you got a team that you follow? I feel like this is a personality test of some sort, so I'm going to admit to allegiance to Collingwood. I don't know what that says about my personality, but I've got it out there in the media that I'm a Collingwood. Collingwood? No, I thought that you were a WA girl. What about the Eagles? See, this is where it starts all turning pear-shaped, isn't it? So yes, I inherited Collingwood when I moved to Melbourne, but my family alliances are with West Coast Eagles. Okay. So I won't push you any further on that. No, I wouldn't. Thank you very much to all of you, and welcome to the panel. Before we get started, just a couple of very quick admin things. I think you've already had a quick video about the platform that we're looking at. If you've got any tech difficulties, there is a tab at the top of your screen. There's lots of good resources. There's a resources tab there, but I would encourage you to resist the temptation to look at it during the panel.  The panel is being recorded, and it will be available in about 24 hours, so early tomorrow afternoon. So do let your colleagues know about it. We're going to ask you to complete a brief online survey at the end of the webinar. So there's a tab at the top of your screens to click for that. The webinar is going to go for about 45 minutes, and we'll be loosely basing it around the interview that I did with Professor Richard Bryant, and which I hope that most of you have had an opportunity to see. And in terms of the learning objectives for today, we hope that by the end you're going to have a better understanding of the current research in the field of Veteran and Military Mental Health, that you'll have a better understanding of how you might incorporate those research findings into your clinical practice, and that you'll have a better knowledge of how to access the recent research developments. So without further ado, let's get to it. And I'd like to perhaps start by looking at the broad issues of the nexus between research in Veteran and Military Mental Health and clinical practice. And I wonder if I could turn to you, Jane, to start with, and then start with a very basic question. Do you think that research in Veteran and Military Mental Health is important for clinicians? Is it relevant for clinicians to know about? Absolutely. And I think it's sort of is becoming increasingly important, really, for clinicians to keep up to date with what's going on in the research arena. You know, we know that the prevalence rate of mental health disorders in Veterans is higher than what we see in civilian populations, particularly during and after transition. And yet we don't have universally effective treatments. And I think we have a sort of ethical obligation, really, to, as clinicians, to keep up to date with understanding more about what causes these disorders, what changes in people in terms of their response to evidence-based treatments. So the how and why. Absolutely. So I'd go along with that. But that does present a real challenge, doesn't it, for clinicians. And I wonder if I could turn to you, Megan. I said in my intro that an enormous amount of research is being published in this area all the time. Have you got any suggestions about how clinicians can try and keep abreast of recent developments in the field? Yeah, absolutely. So of course, there's so much research out there. And as a full-time researcher, you know, I really struggle to keep on top of what's currently active and what's happening in the literature. Fortunately, there are a lot of people out there making literature very accessible, especially to clinicians. And I have this document that we've created. I think you'll see it in your tabs on the website. And this is a list of really great websites that clinicians can access that really help with veteran and military mental health and what's happening in the literature. And I'd point to especially the clinicians update. This is done by the National Center of PTSD in the US. And it's my favorite kind of clinically relevant website. It condenses clinically relevant information for clinicians. I'd really encourage people to see that one. And the Australian one that's particularly good is the website that Department of Veterans Affairs has. They've got, it's called Attee's Professional. And you'll see some great webinars on there led by Mr. Mann himself. And there's some really great, must say very congratulations. They're really great webinars and very focused, clinically focused on veteran-related mental health problems. And so I encourage everyone to go and have a look at those. Good. So that's, sorry. They have the evidence compass on that as well, don't they? That's right. So the evidence compass is the Department of Veterans Affairs specifically looks at developing systematic reviews of the literature in key areas that are of importance to veterans. And so you'll find those on the website as well, the Department of Veterans Affairs evidence compass website. Yeah. And I think it certainly endorse what you're saying there, Megan, about the material that comes out of the American National Center as well, the US National Center for PTSD. The address for that will be in your resources. So you talked about the clinicians' trauma updates. They also do a very good research update, don't they, where they take a single topic and they kind of do a review of the research evidence in that area? Yeah, that's a really useful one as well. I mean, it is very US-centric. So sometimes topics that are very relevant to US veterans may be not so relevant for our veterans. So dramatic brain injury is a big focus in the US. It's perhaps not so relevant for our veterans, but generally speaking, the National Center has a great deal of information that's useful for us. OK, and it's very, very easy just to sign up, get on their mailing list, and they'll send you this stuff. Couldn't be any easier. So thank you very much for that, Megan. Let's move on to some clinical kind of stuff. And talk about suicide. Richard and I discussed this issue of suicide, and he pointed out what I guess we all know, and that is that the research is showing that it's a very complex area, that there's a whole lot of perhaps intrinsic and extrinsic contributing factors. Mal, if I can turn to you just for a moment, as a clinician, do you think there are particular warning signs that might alert us to the risk of suicide when we're seeing a veteran or a serving member? I think there are, Mark. Of course, we've known for a long time the issues of current suicidal ideation, depth of plans, preparation, and so on. I think where the research has helped us recently is to realize that on top of that, historical factors, family history of suicide, for example, and also situational change factors like breakdown in relationship, major transition in employment, or indeed leaving the ADF are points of greater risk. So there's a matrix now above and beyond the traditional risk factors that we look for that we should be exploring at any or at risk. And it really highlights, I suppose, the point that this is very individual. We can't just rely on this big epi data that says, you know, because he's middle-aged, male, isolated, it's much more a clinical decision at the time. Correct. Although I do think that the recent Institute of Health and Welfare work pointing out the transition and the years immediately after appears to be a period of higher risk should be there in the matrix for us. That doesn't mean other periods aren't of risk, but it is useful to be aware of. And that's the time we get into that. I think it's a very good point. And it's a time, as you say, if you're aware that the veteran has recently transitioned out, high-risk time, we're going to talk about that a bit more in just a minute. But yes, very good point. So let's take it to the next step then. And I know this is a huge question to ask. But can you say something about what you think clinicians need to know about managing that risk? That if they are concerned about a veteran, are there any strategies that they should be aware of or what they should do? Well, I think the first key task as a clinician is accepting this is part of your job and part of your work, both to assess risk and then be an active participant in managing that risk. And if that means at times, you have to think about how am I going to find time to see this person to review urgently? That needs to be. I think part of being a clinician is being embedded in a network where you can get advice about how to manage a difficult situation and also being aware of what are the higher intensity resources in your region. Ideally, having a relationship with them before you really need them would be good. The first time you contact the CAT team, probably it's best if it's not when you've got a real crisis on your hands. Because most things in life work better if you've got an existing relationship, don't they? Absolutely, absolutely. And I guess this is an area that we as clinician are in a situation, but all of us, I think, do find very difficult. Suicide is a tricky thing. And I suppose one of the things that you're saying there really is about we shouldn't be managing it on our own. We should be accessing the resources and support that's around us. Yeah, absolutely, Mark. Suicide is clearly the consequence of severe mental health problems. And it's a challenge. And no one should think in a heroic manner they have to manage it all by themselves. It's a team effort. Yeah, yeah, yeah, absolutely. I was talking to Richard in the interview about the fact that we have a lot of research on, I guess, completed suicide, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. And what we find is that, of course, completed suicide is actually, thankfully, very rare. And suicide ideation is actually quite common. And it's that group in the middle who do take it to the next step and go to the suicide attempts that perhaps they're the ones we need to be researching and perhaps finding a little bit more about that. I think that's very true, that the current research would indicate our capacity to predict reliably who's going to move along that pathway and when we're still pretty limited in our capacity, if we're honest. And so there's a great deal of all work needs to be done. We can only act on our current knowledge and we can only exercise that knowledge by good clinical question taking, good history taking, and then acting in a direct manner should we find out something's amiss. Absolutely. And, of course, no amount of research is ever going to replace that good clinical decision making, is it? But I do think, having said that, that it's interesting that now we do have, I guess, the computing capacity to combine many very large data sets that might allow us to kind of explore the nuances of that transition that you're talking about. I don't think that's very important in suicide research because, as you say, thankfully, we're talking about a relatively rare event. So identifying significant risk factors is difficult in a relatively small population. Machine learning and large data will clearly be helpful. Yeah, absolutely. OK, let's move on and talk a bit about epidemiology. Richard talked about the data from the Transition and Well-Being Research Program, which has the unfortunate acronym of TWERP, TWRP, but I should say that it's a fantastic program of research and it's produced some really interesting findings. But one of the findings that Richard talked about was the fact, and this refers to something that's a comment that Malcolm made just earlier, suggesting that 50% of transitioned veterans, that's people coming out of the armed forces, will develop a mental health problem in their first 12 months or will be diagnosed with a mental health problem in the first 12 months. 50%, as it seems to me, an extraordinary figure, Megan, and we might chat about that generally. One of the first things that strikes me, though, is that I think as clinicians, we often tend to think immediately of PTSD. That's the kind of diagnosis that we're looking for. But I'm wondering whether we should, as clinicians, be thinking much more broadly in terms of other mental health problems and also, perhaps, of other psychosocial problems. Does the research tell us anything about that kind of question? Yeah, it does, actually. So the transition and well-being survey was multifactorial. We were able to look at a number of different areas. You're right that post-traumatic stress disorder is elevated with veterans, and we expect that. So around 20% had PTSD, but anxiety disorders were extremely elevated as well. So nearly 40% had an anxiety disorder. And I know Richard mentioned panic attacks and panic disorder as being elevated, but also social phobia and agrophobia were also elevated. Effective disorders are high in this population, so 20% of the transitioning population had an effective disorder, and alcohol substance use was also very high. But I guess if we look broader than single diagnoses, we know that almost 50% of those presenting with a disorder will have a comorbid disorder. So in terms of assessment, it's really important to conduct a thorough assessment looking beyond PTSD and considering other disorders that are probably comorbid with the presenting problem. Looking past psychiatric disorders, we know that this population also presented with very high levels of pain. And so about 20% had a pain disorder. Another 15% presented with insomnia and sleep disorders. And then a really high level, 35% had physical health or perceived physical health problems. So we're getting a complex presentation here, and it's something to be very aware of when we're assessing our veteran patients. Yeah, and certainly that interaction between physical problems and certainly pain and PTSD is something that we really need to be aware of. I know there's some nice research around, a little bit old now, but talking about how they mutually reinforce each other, the pain and the PTSD, I suppose, with both physical arousal, making the pain worse and then the intrusions and all that kind of stuff. Yeah, absolutely. There does seem to be a mutually maintenance occurring between both PTSD and pain. And you especially see that with the re-experiencing symptoms as well as the hyperarousal symptoms, so intrusive memories triggering off pain, especially if the pain is associated with the traumatic events, which you often do see with veterans. I'm in the luxurious position at the moment of the time going quite well, so we're OK for time. I'm just telling the panel. So did you want to comment at all on that, Matt? Yeah, look, I think it is an important interaction and a frequent one we know from the data. And I think the other way it can cause a complication is by the divergent treatment pathways. So unfortunately, pain is often treated in a setting quite remote from treatment for mental health disorder as a primary problem. And so the potential interactions are often not recognized, both in terms of symptoms and in terms of treatments. So many of the mental health clinicians say, I think I could make better progress, except this patient is so full of opiates and sedative that I can't make progress. And yet the pain physician is clearly attempting to treat pain in a thoughtful manner, perhaps not recognizing necessarily that PTSD may be exacerbating the pain. And if that could be treated, things would be much simpler. And isn't that just such a problem for our systems generally? It's the same with substance abuse, isn't it? Alcohol and drug tends to get treated somewhere different to mental health and all those kinds of things. So yeah, very good point. Jane, we talked in the interview with Richard about the fact that there are some general risk factors for mental health. I'm wondering if you're seeing someone for the first time and perhaps if you're working in primary care, for example, you're seeing someone for the first time, do you think there are any red flags that would alert you to the fact this person might be at risk of a serious mental health problem or deterioration? Well, look, I think there are a few things. One of the primary problems, I think, is people who are really isolated and don't have support around. We know that that's a significant risk factor for the development of mental health disorders in everyone, really, regardless of whether or not they're veterans, but especially so for veterans. I think the other thing is that understanding their history, have they had early exposure to trauma, or is it just the military? Because we know that people, particularly with developmental histories of childhood trauma, are also at higher risk. I think the other thing is the level of functional capacity.  You know, what's going on for them that they are no longer able to function at that level? And if we can pick that up early and start addressing things, then I think that's going to be useful. With, and I guess, it's common sense, although the research necessarily backs it up that strongly, but the earlier we can intervene, the better it is, and at the very least, if we can prevent a slide of deterioration and then the accumulation of all the associated problems of relationships and work, so it's got to be good, isn't it? I think also, sorry, the other one was just the importance of picking them up early in transition. As you mentioned before, you know, we know that those transitioning out are going to have a higher rate of mental health disorders and so being on the lookout for what is the amount of time since they've transitioned out as a potential red flag. So we talk a fair bit about risk factors and red flags and so on. I'm wondering, Meagan, whether or not we could usefully focus a bit more on protective factors. Is there anything that we as clinicians could be doing to, I guess, we could encourage people to do that might provide some protection against the deterioration? Yeah, look, I think so. And I know in my own clinical practice, I especially look at exercise. So if you do have someone who is exercising, just linking that with mental health. And even though they might not be enjoying it or might be really struggling with it, I do think it's really important to make that link for them that doing even just a little bit of exercise every day does improve mental health in and of its own self and that we're seeing more and more research that shows that exercise is not just a protective factor but also therapeutic in its own right. I, you know, just picking up on Jane's point that seeing people who are presenting with social isolation, that the other side of that is if people are presenting with strong social networks or even just a relationship with someone that has the strength to it, talking to them about that and seeing that as a very strong protective factor. We know that good social networks are very strong protective factors for mental health problems. And I also link things, just simple things like eating well. If they don't have insomnia, encouraging them to have early, get to bed early, to just really those simple things that people may have as they're becoming mentally unwell, just kind of lost a little bit and linking those things with mental health. So eating well, decreasing drinking, trying to get good sleep patterns in place are really important as well. I agree entirely. And so it is important, isn't it, to remember that there's a whole lot we can do or the person can do to help themselves before we even start any high level psychological or pharmacological treatment and that kind of stuff you're talking about. And I think particularly the first two you mentioned about exercise and perhaps regular aerobic exercise and also social support. The trouble is they sound so simple, don't they? And yet actually getting people to do them or helping people to do them is not easy. It is surprisingly difficult often. So, but anyway, as clinicians I agree, keeping it in the back of our minds. And that takes us on really to the idea of treatment. And if we go back to the transition and wellbeing research program, the TWERP, it also showed us, I guess it came up with some good news and that is that the majority of veterans who have mental health problems are seeking some kind of treatment. The bad news is that only a minority are getting access to evidence-based mental health care. And I think that's got to be a concern, Mal. I mean, have you got any theories as to why that might be? I think there are probably a series of factors. I don't think it's important to acknowledge some of them probably emanate from the personal choices, first of all, of the patient. Just because a treatment's evidence-based doesn't mean I want it. And where, for example, we're talking about trauma-focused therapies, we know many people don't want it or find it difficult to tolerate. There's also the very nature of disorders like PTSD with the avoidance inherent in them that can often lead to misdiagnosis at the outset or a lack of certainty and clarity about diagnosis. And sometimes hidden comorbidities as well, drugs and alcohol being an obvious example. Clearly, on the other hand, there are also factors within the clinician and that's a more difficult one to confront in some ways, but confront it, we should. That reflects sometimes just a familiarity with the kind of issues and particularly the culture in which veterans' mental health problems will present. Some clinicians have great familiarity and find it easy to bridge into a good discussion about treatment. And others haven't been in that spot very often. Perhaps particularly in some rural and remote areas where the access to clinicians is a bit more restricted. Is there a need for continuing professional development in the area and greater awareness of both the research and what guidelines, for example, are going to have to say? And I know we'll talk about that a bit more in a minute. Yes, undoubtedly there is. And I think we've got data that says, clinicians' knowledge does vary about what truly are evidence-based treatments. Part of that is our skill in reading the evidence and I think we should acknowledge that not all evidence is the same and the capacity to interpret what truly constitutes first-line evidence as opposed to something of interest that requires further development is an essential skill for all clinicians to possess. Isn't it just, I agree entirely, and look, I do think that while we need to be open to new and innovative treatments, we don't want to be so wide open. Reading is the same. Just because you see a report in the age that says this particular thing helped a particular veteran doesn't mean that it's going to be necessary the right thing to do. I want to put you on the spot a little bit, Mal, and just I wonder what our responsibility is as clinicians, if we're aware that a veteran is not getting appropriate treatment, if perhaps they're on the wrong medications or they're not getting appropriate psychological care, do you think that we as clinicians have any responsibility in a situation like that? Yes, I do. I think that responsibility starts when we first meet a person to tell them what are the best evidence treatments. Sometimes it's easy to fall into the trap of I'll discuss more of the treatments I feel comfortable and confident in delivering. That's not what the person's entitled to. They're entitled to a review of what is the best evidence treatment and then perhaps what in particular you offer. It is a more awkward situation when they're already in treatment and you see them and perhaps you feel that really that isn't the best evidence treatment. I think there is an ethical responsibility to discuss that. It's a question of how to do so without bringing unreasonable opprobrium on your colleague because at the end of the day you didn't know how that conversation went. I'd often start those conversations with something like, well, look, my reading of the evidence suggests that this is the kind of treatment we would often consider first line and in all reasonable likelihood you wouldn't be here if things were going perfectly. So perhaps we can review that and this is what I might recommend now and if you want some further reading, for example, here's some opportunities. Yeah, and that discussion with the veteran I think and perhaps their family as well is so important, isn't it? We started off by talking about the fact that some people, some veterans may reject the idea of some of the evidence-based treatments but I think often that's a lot to do with the way the clinician is presented and the education so on. So as you say, having that very open discussion and pointing out things is perhaps important. Oh, look, undoubtedly and I think people respond very strongly to a clinician they see as being open and honest. And informed. Yes, and informed, of course. And in the reverse, they respond very poorly to a clinician that they don't see as being open and honest. That's not probably an evidence-based statement but I don't have much doubt that it's true. Absolutely, absolutely. But there is no doubt that it isn't easy to make sure that everybody gets an evidence-based treatment. In fact, I'm struck by the American experience where they put a massive amount of time and energy and money into rolling out evidence-based treatments, particularly things like trauma-focused psychological treatments and EMDR and so on. And still the number of veterans that actually get it is fairly small. So I think actually we're probably not doing too badly in Australia when we look at models like that. But let me go on because I think you mentioned it, Mal. One of the things that we might use to assist clinicians or to help us as clinicians to make sure that we're using evidence-based treatment are the treatment and practice guidelines. And I know that the Australian guidelines for the treatment of PTSD and acute stress disorder ASD are currently under review and I understand that they're going to be released next year, Megan, under this heading of living guidelines. So living guidelines mean. So a living guideline is, I guess it's quite different from what we've seen from guidelines in the past in that they're often very static and you get this big bulk in front of you and you flick through it to try and find the information that you're looking for. The lovely thing about living guidelines is that they will be updated very regularly. They'll live on the web and people can actually, the actual website that we're using is very user-friendly. So practitioners can go in and search for particular topics and you'll get access to the information you need at a very high level and so very readable and accessible. But also if you're interested in drilling down into the details, you'll be able to access that as well. So the exciting thing, and I think this is really relevant for clinicians who are interested in emerging treatments, because they're updated more frequently than a static guideline, what we'll see is those emerging treatments as new and more evidence exists to support them, then they'll be able to be integrated into clinical practice a bit more frequently than what they have been in the past. So I do think this is a very exciting addition to guidelines. Absolutely. And my next question was actually going to be, will they be useful for clinicians? But the answer quite clearly is yes, and with this new innovation, even more useful actually. I think more useful, yeah. And the adjunctive treatments as well. The idea that they potentially, they'll know a lot more about the adjunctive treatments and when they might be able to apply them and what they might be useful for. Yeah. And I might just also just jump in to say this year, this time we're doing two new questions as well. So there'll be more information and guidelines on looking at can we develop resilience in people who are going to be exposed to trauma. So is there any pre-incident preparedness interventions that we can adopt? So we're looking at the literature around that. And the other, the second question is around complex PTSD. So that will, again, with ICD-11, introducing complex PTSD as a new diagnosis, it'll be great to start looking at the evidence for treating complex PTSD. Good, good, good. Two very important innovations, I have to say that I am not over-optimistic about the preparing people well, but anyway, one of these, it is the- It'd be a surprise what literature's out there. Okay, good, good. I look forward to being surprised. It certainly is the $64,000 question, isn't it? How can we help you prevent them? But we know, Mal, that even if people adhere to the guidelines and they are using first-line treatments and so on, that a significant proportion of people will not respond as we want, maybe a third or perhaps even more. What do you think the implications of that are for clinicians when we're doing our treatment planning? Do we need to bear that in mind? Oh, I think we definitely do. I think there are probably two main implications. The first really starts from the outset of treatment. What can I do that will maximize the likelihood of response? And I think in practical terms, that's often in the case of PTSD, particularly about making sure you've got the comorbidities as well managed as you can. So we have good evidence that higher levels of depression decrease the likelihood of response to trauma-focused therapy and active substance abuse, clearly so as well. And a failure to treat those effectively before trialing what might be a useful trauma-focused therapy is poor practice, in my view. I think the second implication is about the information you give the patient beforehand. It's a challenging thing as a clinician to say the treatment we're about to deliver may not work. And there's a test of your confidence and self-esteem in many ways, isn't it? I've got the good news and the bad news. But I think it is important because what we do know as part of that failure rate is that the dropout rate from treatment is significant. And that includes dropping out between that and the next treatment. I've given it a shot, that was your best shot. Informing people will try this first. This has the best line of evidence. If it doesn't work, and we know that sometimes that's the case, there are other options we can move to, is really important advice. But I suppose that there are no sort of book of rules, there's no absolute algorithm to help the clinician. Absolutely. It has to be a clinical decision? Yes, at the end of the day, that's right. And I think that goes to the sequence of treatments very much. So the choice of treatment is a dialogue between you and the patient. And no matter what you think, if the patient doesn't want to do the treatment, our evidence pretty clearly suggests across the board with mental health disorders, it's much less likely to work. So it does have to be the result of a dialogue, definitely. I wonder if we just come back, because a number of you have actually talked about co-mobility. And you just mentioned now that it does seem to interfere with treatment, we don't get such good effects. And I was interested in what Richard talked about, which was that the extinction-based treatment options we have, like exposure, also tend not to work very well with people with high levels of co-mobility. That means PTSD, along with depression, anxiety, substance use, whatever. I'm just wondering, Jane, whether, just very quickly now, whether you have any recommendations for working with co-mobility over and above what Mal mentioned? Well, I think absolutely what Mal mentioned goes. And if the depression and alcohol and other things are very severe, you've got to get them under control before you address PTSD. But I think on the other hand, doing a thorough assessment and identifying what are the sort of perpetuating factors that are keeping this person trapped in this disorder and using that as your target. So, and often I think addressing PTSD in the first instance, when those issues are there but not as prevalent is the way to go, because addressing the PTSD will address a lot of the other co-morbid issues. There'll still be residual problems, sure, and just very briefly, if we've got clinicians out there who are perhaps a bit isolated and feeling they're struggling a little bit, can we, is there any support we can offer them? Yeah, so I think that, well, I would argue you can't do this work without good supervision and mentoring, and you shouldn't be doing it without that, but regardless of how experienced you are. But I think these days, there's more and more groups out there that can provide peer support and those sorts of things. But the Australian Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health runs the Centenary of Anzac Centre. We call it Phoenix Australia, no? Phoenix Australia. Well, it is still the... Yeah, of course it is, of course it is, yeah. But you're very right. My mistake. Runs a Practitioner Support Service, and that's a free service available to any type of clinician or support worker working with veterans and their families with mental health disorders. We have a multidisciplinary panel of experts. We've got psychiatrists, GPs, social workers, family therapists, psychologists, and others that we can access. So if you've got a complex client, you're a spit-stuck, you don't know where to go, or if you're just venturing into the world of working in veteran mental health and want to understand more about how to do that, send us a question. Ring us up. It's a free 1-800 number. 1-800-382-777, I think? No, that's not right. 383. Anyway, it's on the website, look at it. And, or send us an email via the website. I think it's a fantastic service, and yeah, I hope that people are aware of it, and that they use it, I think it's a great thing. I've got to move on. There's a whole lot of other treatment things that we could talk about, including things like how we involve families and so on, but I'm afraid that we don't have time today because I would just like to spend the last few minutes talking a little bit about the future directions. And in our interview, in my interview with Richard, he talked about one of the key future directions, one of the key innovations, if you like, being trans-diagnostic treatments which tend to focus more on underlying mechanisms. And if I could turn to you, Megan, do you think that's true? Is that a direction we should be heading? I think so. We've talked about comorbidity, and this is exactly why trans-diagnostic interventions are really important. So these are interventions that are looking at common psychological processes. So there's a couple of different sorts of trans-diagnostic interventions. There's ones that look at common elements. So these are, you have a series of modules and a decision-making tree, and you look at your presentation of your client and say, well, they need some behavioral activation, they might need something to do with their avoidance, a bit of cognitive restructuring, and you develop a kind of flexible approach to looking at how to best intervene for them. So that's a common elements approach to trans-diagnostic interventions, but the one that I'm really interested in does take more of a mechanistic perspective. So this is looking at, are there mechanisms that underpin a group of disorders that if we target, we can actually address those disorders? We're doing a lot of research at the moment with the United Protocol, which was developed in Boston. David Barlow is very central to the development of that intervention. And this is looking at negative affect and seeing that a lot of emotional disorders are driven by people experiencing high levels of distress associated with negative affect and then avoiding the negative affect. So United Protocol targets that with pretty much an emotion regulation approach. And we're doing a lot of research using trans-diagnostic interventions and the United Protocol to see how well this works in a trauma population. In fact, there's a lot of evidence to support trans-diagnostic interventions for a lot of disorders, but there's less evidence in a trauma population. So we're trying to translate the research to see what happens with trauma. And I think it's great because it does, and I don't want to minimize it, but it does in some ways sort of operationalize a bit what a lot of clinicians do when someone walks through our door that we do try and look at their particular clinical presentation and think about what will work for them. Yeah, absolutely. What about future research? Just in the minute or so we've got left. Has anybody, if you're looking after the purse strings for the research funding in veterinary and mental health, have you got any wish list questions? Anybody? Mal, have you got any questions you want to put on the agenda? Well, I certainly wouldn't want to forget biology. I think that the very nature of trauma often pushes away from thinking about in biological terms, and yet our biological treatments for PTSD and related disorders haven't really developed in a significant way for quite a while now, nor has our basic biological understanding. There are a lot of new tools out there around genetics, neuro-inflammation. We really should be looking to apply them to disorders like PTSD. Thank you. Go ahead. And look, I think one of the important gaps to really, one is understanding how some people respond and others don't to evidence-based treatment. Know more about those factors. And I think the other thing is really more research into family impacts and understanding the role of the family in recovery, but also potentially in perpetuation. It is a pity we didn't get a chance to talk about it today, but we didn't. Megan, your wish list, sort. Look, I'm very interested in how do we get the right treatment to the right person? So a precision medicine approach, and I think biological assessments are really key to that. So we're focusing a lot on biological and mechanistic assessments at this point. Yeah, it sort of speaks, doesn't it, to the complexity of PTSD and related conditions that we really are talking about, a bio-psycho-social kind of model, and we need to better understand all of those and how they kind of fit together. Time has run out. Before we wrap up, are there any very quick take-home messages that any of you would like to leave? Any dot points, Mal? Oh, I think staying informed, Mark. There's no excuse for not keeping up today. Good. That puts a challenge out there, doesn't it, Jane? Oh, look, I think mine is the same. Push yourself to go out and get more information and to be aware of what's coming out in the research and thinking about how to incorporate that into practice and seek good supervision. Good supervision, I agree. And, Tali, Megan? I'm just commenting on the guidelines. They're going to be released very early in 2020, but we'll be doing some community... ...getting feedback about the guidelines in September. So, join our mailing list if you want to be part of that process. We'd love to hear from you. Our mailing list is on the website. Great. Thank you very much. Before we finish, just a reminder to you all to check out the resources associated with this webinar. As I say, MHPN will send you a link to those resources. And among those, some that Megan has referred to and others have been referred to, but among those will be the contact details for the centenary of Anzac Centre. And if you have any questions or comments about the issues raised today or, as Jane says, if you need any assistance with your work with serving members or veterans, do get in touch with them. That's what they're there for. I'd like to just encourage you to complete the feedback survey. It really is important for us to know how best we can tailor our education initiatives, the tab at the top of your screens. We'll take you to the survey. So, finally, thank you very much to all of you for participating in today's webinar. I hope you found it valuable. Thank you also to the Centenary of Anzac Centre, MHPN, and Redback for supporting today's webinar. And of course, a very, very warm thank you to our three panelists, Malcolm Hopwood, Jane Nersi, and Regan O'Donnell. Thanks again for participating and goodbye.


Another way of getting feedback, and that's applying to the user experience page that Aya has been developing for the product experience team. So that's actually been, oh, sorry, I'm the one ahead, this one is on the plugins directory, and that's just a feedback link that will be able to give us some feedback on people's experience of the changes we made as we develop improvements in the plugins directory. And the next slide, the one I started to talk about, which is the UX news site, will have a thumbs up, thumbs down with a box to give feedback as well. So more ways to try and get gather feedback from our users.


Live from the Sands Convention Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, it's theCUBE at AWS ReInvent 2014. Brought to you by headline sponsors, Amazon and TrendMicro. Okay, welcome back everyone. We are here live in Las Vegas for Amazon ReInvent. It's the Silicon Angles theCUBE, our flagship program. We go out to the events and expect the sizzling noise. I'm John Furrier. My co-host, Stu Miniman, this segment and this week, Dave Vellante is back at the ranch holding down the fort in Massachusetts. Shout out to Dave. Our next guest is Alan Toad, Technical Product Manager at SoCoast. We're talking about security. So our segment on security. I see security. Welcome to theCUBE. Thank you. Welcome to be here. Security is awesome. I mean, it's the number one issue on the table. Been out for a while. We'll continue. And it's going to have the wide-champion. We'll continue. And it's going to have the Y2K-like effect. Everyone's investing in security. You need to have the cyber intelligence, whether it's threat detection, incidents, breaches, all that's happening. With no perimeter, it's like all new ballgame. You agree? Absolutely. It's one of the first challenges customers find when they move into the cloud is, how do you secure your data? How do you protect it from attack? And that's one of the big challenges that we want to help our customers solve. So what's the big angle for you guys here at Amazon? Why you guys here? Sophos is your company. You guys do end point. You do a lot of security. What's your deal with Amazon? Why are you here? Well, yes, Sophos does have a lot of products. And we cover a lot of different areas of network and infrastructure security. But with Amazon particularly, what we like to focus on is our UTM product line, which is available in Marketplace as an AMI. It's often set in front of your servers so we can provide network level protection for firewall intrusion prevention, but also application level protection for web application firewalling. So it's a very simple way to provide that level of application security and protection. Protect those servers that need that security from the threats that are happening today. And with the backing of a company like Sophos, they can give that threat research and data to give the real-time updates for threats that are happening. So if there's no perimeter, how do you do end to end? Well, there certainly is some form of perimeter even in the cloud where the traffic has to come in somewhere and it's got to hit something before it hits your servers. And that's what we can really help with. And then beyond that, we also have our endpoint products. Of course, we can protect those servers even at that level, putting our endpoint protection, doing host intrusion prevention scanning, endpoint malware scanning on those servers and keep them safe even at that level. Yeah. Helen? Yeah. So you guys have dealt historically with a lot of the infrastructure players out there. I was looking through your list of OEM partners, who's who of what at this show would be called the old guard. Yes. So I'm curious what you've seen.  What do you think in the mind-share shift in security from going from the traditional on-premises, hardware environments to the more clouded mobile-enabled world? There's definitely a lot of new challenges that come up because, like you say, the cloud is a new environment. The perimeter is a little bit shifted, like you're talking about, where it's not really clear always where the end point or where the threats are coming from. Yeah, there's a big difference between the old guard and the new guard, but at the same time, there's a lot of the same challenges. We have the same applications we need to secure. Sometimes they're built and architected differently. Sometimes they provide different types of services for different scales of audiences, but the security concerns are the same. So the technology we can use to secure that is very much the same, but the way we implement it and the way we have to consider scaling and providing the implementation of that is what changes a little bit. All right, so yeah, there's been a lot of discussion we've had on theCUBE is before you used to have the moat around the castle. And now, you know, there's security needs to be at so many points in the environment. Where do Sophos fit in that ecosystem in the changing of where the security discussion happens? Well, take your pick. From a product standpoint, we have products that sit at all levels. Whether that is on the encryption standpoint where your data at rest needs to be encrypted and secured, we have products to help with that. Whether that is to protect those hosts that are being secured from incoming threats, scanning traffic that is arriving on them. We have that with our endpoint product. Dealing with threats that may have gotten into the host with our host intrusion prevention scanning part of our endpoint product. Or whether that is scanning the inbound traffic to stop those threats before it ever arrives there and that's with our UTM product line. And that's where we can really provide a lot of different levels of security depending no matter where you want to put a security solution or where you need to secure your data, we have a tool to help you with that. All right, can you speak a little bit about what it's like to be an AWS Marketplace partner? We've got over 1900 products in there. Is that a major driver for you to get access to? AWS, how much do they work with you? Things like MDF funding and the like? Yeah, so working with Amazon has been a very good experience. The marketplace itself has been hugely helpful in advertising our products, making it available to those who are looking and exploring. The security space within Amazon Marketplace is a rapidly growing, one of the top growing areas of the marketplace. And to be in that and part of it is very exciting. We see a lot of that growth and it hasn't taken a lot of effort on our part to see our products get a lot of traction and growth from Marketplace. And they give us a lot of tools to be flexible with that. And working with them, they've been hugely helpful in any sort of the gathering of data and reporting that we need to better serve our customers and better plan for the future. They've been really good to work with on that front. Yeah, are there any specific verticals that Amazon's helped you to get into? A large discussion point over the last year, of course, has been the government, especially with that CIA deal. Can you speak to that some? Yeah, absolutely. And in fact, speaking verticals, I think government is one of the big ones that Amazon really has landed some reputation in doing that. Because being that we're in Amazon, we're in GovCloud and available for government customers, it makes it very easy for us to get in that front door. Whereas before, it's really getting into government business is sometimes a very challenging thing to do. And being in part of GovCloud, it really does help. We found a lot more traction with some larger government installs. We don't always even know who we're working with. We're working with contractors. We're working with unnamed government agencies. But we know that it's to do with security agencies, et cetera, in many cases. And that's exposure we never would have gotten as easily, certainly, without Amazon and the marketplace. Awesome. Alan, I want to thank you for coming on the queue. Really appreciate it. I want to just ask one final question for you. It's plain for the folks out there that are watching, who aren't here at the show, the vibe, what is the innovation? What is the excitement? Share with them. And they're actually looking at Twitter. I mean, it's not much online. It's just in the live streams, awesome. But they're not face-to-face. They're not seen in the booths. They're not seen on the action. So share with them your perspective. And then share with them, the second part of that is, why is security so important? Why is it so irrelevant now in the cloud equation? Right. First part, the vibe, the show. Right. So the vibe of the show is a lot of excitement here. A lot of intrigue and interest. I think for a lot of people attending the show, this is their first kind of taste of what cloud is. And to get to see that, it's a bit of a fire hose, I think, when you start to understand that how much growth and potential there is with cloud for not just providing new ways to deliver solutions, but new security options as well. And I think that that really is a little overwhelming in many cases. I was speaking to a former colleague earlier today who came into this very skeptical and was basically, when I go home, I'm turning my entire company around and we're moving everything to the cloud. So it's very interesting to see that. And that's really kind of the energy level we want to be a part of with our product line. Yeah. Alan, it's amazing what you said. It really feels like, you know, we've known that cloud is going to be big, but I think when you come here, it's bigger than you thought. It's here more than you thought. So if you had a chance to geek out a little bit, go to any sessions, go around the show floor. I guess outside of the security area, something that kind of caught your eye that you would call attention to? Yeah, absolutely. We've been here since Sunday and it's been great to be part of the show as it happens. I haven't gone to too many sessions, but a few really good ones, some very good speakers here. But also some of the after-party or the nightlife has been great as well where, you know, the pub calls last night, we had lots of people come out to some events and it's been a lot of fun hanging with these guys outside of the work environment. I didn't even talk about security and tech, but just kick back, relax, have a drink and have a lot of fun. So the second part of my question, Leon, was security, what is the piece here? So share with your, you're an expert. What's the state of the art? What's the bleeding edge and what can people do with cloud for the practitioners out there? Right, so cloud really allows for us to be much more granular, contained to build solutions that are tailored specifically to the application you're working on and build the security around that, like you were talking about moats before, you want to build a moat around your entire organization in the old school, but these days, you can build that moat right around the application itself and build as tight an integration as you need with the security layer right down to the application layer and cloud really lets you do that. You just can't do that without spending a ton of money in the physical world. So I think that's one of the more exciting things about the market that we're in today. Yeah, certainly virtualization in cloud and it's just a perfect storm. This is theCUBE, thanks for coming on theCUBE. We are talking security with the experts, we're taking it down, sharing that with you. This is theCUBE, I'm John Furrier, we'll be right back after this short break.


In this study, it was found that Tempol, a well-known antioxidant agent, could reduce the effects of diabetes on the kidneys. Specifically, Tempol reduced the amount of ecaherin, a protein associated with cell adhesion, and increased the amount of alpha-smooth muscle actin, a protein associated with cell migration and proliferation. This suggests that Tempol may be able to prevent the development of chronic kidney disease caused by diabetes. This article was authored by Muhammad Jafari, Fairness Dadras, Hamid Rezaqadimapur, and others.


When you focus on just simulated training, your risk equation is different. It can help you learn how to use the weapons. It can help you think about the environment. But until you're put in that environment where you've got the smell, the stress, just the physical environment bouncing around on the ship or the craft, when you add all that stress in, you need to build the realistic environment to ensure that you get the result you want when you're actually called to fight. So I ask the engineers to go look at what they could do. You've got to be a better way. Hi, guys. What we have for you today is a training exercise using the worst system. So what I'd like you to do is, what our system does is simulate as close as possible to real-life fire exercise by projecting 3D objects in the real world through the means of a holographic image on a device that you wear on your head. Gunner, bag ready. Engage primary target. On the screen, there's a heads-up display. That shows every shot fired, every hit, and it shows the ratio between hit and miss. Secondary and cart clear. This is really good for preparing for that live fire exercise. If you're shooting a blanket or something, you've got to wait for somebody to fall down or something to blow up or whatever. You don't get the feedback. This system, it's recording. What's your boat doing? Did your gunner engage the target at the right time? It could be multi-cast to big screens, laptops. It could be multi-cast over the internet to other locations. You want to be in the environment. You want to be there outside. You want to man a gun that's firing blank so you get the realism. But it actually presents you with a target to fire upon. And then you have the additional benefit of collecting the data. That's why we were trying to build this. If all you've done is simulated training in a very benign classroom environment, you're not going to have the same response to go fire. How far? Having the feedback from them and knowing that in fact this makes on their job every day and their training to be more efficient, to be better at it, it makes all the difference.


This is stock number 9J239A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Your new and used Jeep headquarters. Today we are checking out this like new 2019 Jeep Cherokee Limited with the Active Drive 2 4-wheel drive system. This vehicle has the 2-liter turbocharged 4-cylinder motor which pumps out 270 horsepower. Even black metallic is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet or smartphone device, I highly recommend turning them on right now because it's like you're right here looking at the vehicle with me and definitely your best way to check out the vehicle before seeing it in person. Comes with the 18-inch painted and polished aluminum rims, Continental Pro Contact 225-60R18 tires with just about all the tread left. You can still see the little wear knobs on top of the tire there. So I'd say 99% of the tread left on these tires. This vehicle only has 500-some miles on it, but we still like doing the videos so that you can get a really good idea of the overall look, styling and condition of the vehicle. This one does have the LED fog lamps, the LED headlamps and the LED running lamps. You get the chrome-trimmed grille and chrome-trimmed Jeep lettering. I didn't see one single dent or ding on the hood. Passenger side fender is in excellent condition. There are no scuffs or scrapes on that passenger side front rim. And as you go down this side of the Jeep, you can see just how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. And like I said, we take these videos so that if you're far away or whether you're close by or far away and just can't make the trip down, you can still see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in what you're looking at. So that when you get here, there's absolutely no surprises. Or if you were on the fence about making the trip, you'll know that this is a high-quality vehicle and that it's definitely going to be worth your time and money on this particular vehicle. Back tires, just as new as the front ones. And in 2019, they started putting the capitalist fuel fill in these Cherokees. Great feature if you've never used it. LED tail lamps, as we come around to the back, you'll notice that it has the reverse parking sensors, dual rear exhaust with the chrome tips. You get the active drive 2 logo right there. You get four-wheel drive low with that and a downhill assist control. This has a power lift gate. The back storage area is very clean. Those seats do fold down nice and flat. And you get a little bit of storage under here, as well as a spare tire and jack tools. You get that because it is a four-wheel drive vehicle. So you put this gate down, you just press that button. It'll be about you three times and then it'll come on down. And as you go down the rest of the side of the vehicle, just as clean as that passenger side. No dents or dings on the rear quarter. The doors are in excellent shape. And for full disclosure, this back rim is in excellent shape as well. Also four-wheel disc brakes on these Cherokees. Very safe vehicles. I've had a couple of them, actually three of them. Entering ghost system, you get the blind spot monitoring in the mirrors right there. Heated mirrors, built-in directional signals. Inside the limited package is going to give you the black leather interior. There are no rips. There are no tears on these seats. This vehicle has never been smoked in. You do get the power driver seat with the lumbar. Factory floor mats throughout, auto headlamps, power windows, power locks, power mirrors, and the memory driver's seat. As you hop inside the vehicle here, you can see that this one only has 595 miles. Why it is so clean comes with the heated leather-wrapped steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. And on the back of the steering wheel are audio controls. This one has the 8.4 4C radio, which gives you AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. It also gives you your Apple CarPlay and Android Auto capabilities as well. You can do your heated seats right here, as well as your heated steering wheel. You can also check out your backup camera right here. And you can do all your climate up here as well. If you don't want to do the climate up there, you can do the climate down here with the dual climate control and the more tactile buttons. You have stability control and start-stop feature.  You also have the select terrain, auto snow, sport, sand and mud. And this little end button right here is neutral, so you could flat-toe with this vehicle. It has USB and AUX jack and the nine-speed automatic transmission. Factory floor mat on that side is very clean. Passenger seat, very clean as well. No rips or tears on that. And the headliner is in excellent shape. You do have your home link buttons right there, so for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, you also have your map lights right there as well. We will take a quick look at the back seats and then we will check out under the hood.  No rips or tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system, carpeting and floor mats, very clean. Once again, this vehicle has never been smoked in. You get a USB and a USB-C jacks right there, as well as a 115-volt, 150-watt plug-in.  You can also get cup holders in here as well. Side current airbags throughout. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. Hopefully from this HD video, you will have been able to tell just how clean this Jeep is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood, we have the two-liter turbocharged four-cylinder motor, 270 horsepower on this motor. If you're curious, it's one horsepower less than the 3.2-liter V6. Engine-based, very clean, runs very smooth. This Jeep has been fully-safetyed and inspected by a service shop. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this vehicle is 100% ready to go to see more pictures of this Jeep or one of our other 450. New and used, cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, half-tons, three-quarter-tons, one-tons. You name it, we gotta go to our website, www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations, all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact, in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. 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Dear fellow scientist, you may not have heard of me before, but my name is Matthew Robert Mongeau and I am writing to you to talk about the language of the machine. So many layers have been abstracted from us when talking about the language of the machine. All those zeros and ones seeming very innocuous, but in between them lies the very brink of insanity. It is for this reason that a colleague of mine and I set out to write a new language and we called that language Dagon. Dagon represented the frustrations that we had in the current programming languages. We would see code in the wild designed in ways that Ruby allowed and we decided to get rid of that. Enticed by this mermaid's call, we set off into the abyss. I would like to share with you the trials and tribulations that we underwent in order to create Dagon and to learn from these experiences. If you are to write a programming language, you must design first and program later. Otherwise, you will create an unimaginable abomination. When you set out to create your programming language, you must choose a progenitor, a language to start from, and you may be tempted to start with C, but C is a fiend unto itself. The problems you run into of C are sure to test the very brink of your sanity and imagination. One such thing you might encounter is memory management. Memory management, the allocations and the allocations are nothing more than a primeval force to bring upon never ending nightmares. Another danger of starting with C is dealing with pointers. Pointers, unimaginable monstrosities hulking in the darkness waiting to haunt your nightmares. The problem with this is that if you take this course, your language will perish and the depth of languages is all but far too common. So, dear scientist, this is my suggestion to you. Use Ruby. Ruby has so many tools at its disposal that makes it easier for the creation of a language that you now get the opportunity to work towards your goals and to accomplish and set out to validate your assumptions before your language fails into the darkness. But if you are to write a programming language, you must remember a few things. You want to take small steps. Each step towards the creation of your language will push it forward and birth it into this world.  Sincerely, Matthew Mongeau. So this talk has an interesting premise in that I am trying to convince a room of people to write programming languages and I guess what I have to start with is why. Why should you write a programming language? This is a huge sell. So the reason that you should write a programming language in the first place is because you are going to learn a lot more about the programming languages you use. And in many ways, programming to me is a form of art. Writing your own programming language is the best way to express yourself in terms of how you program and what you do. Now to start, I actually just want to get an idea of my audience and what they are into. How many of you have tried to write a programming language before? Okay. How many of you have heard of lexing before? Oh, quite a few of you. Okay. I assume if you have heard of lexing, you have heard of parsing. So there is that. When you are writing your programming language, and I will go over this in a cursory manner, you should definitely start off with lexing. It is a fairly easy process. Now if you have not heard of lexing, it is analogy to language in itself, the English language, is to take a sentence of words and break them up into the individual parts and label their meaning. So you will label some words noun, some words verb, some words adjective. There is a parallel to this in programming. We are going to name all of the parts of our language and give them identifiers. This is a number. This is a keyword. This is an operator. And that process is not too difficult. But then you get to the part that I think is difficult. The most interesting is parsing. Where you are now taking what you understand about the language, the different pieces, and you are going to put them together in ways to make sentences. And these sentences are essentially how you are going to form your language. And this is really difficult because ambiguity. Ambiguity is horrible. And what I mean by that is you can write your programming language in a way that it will look fine to you, but the computer won't know what you are trying to say. It won't be able to understand what you are trying to do. And you have to teach it. So this is a very difficult process and I will show an example of that later on. But if you make it past this step, you are pretty much out of the woods. All you have to do is now evaluate your code. And you have essentially got a programming language. And I am kind of summing this up into a small package because it really is this easy. When I set out to write a programming language, my colleague Caleb over there, we pretty much sat down in a single afternoon and we had something that worked. And then you just build from there. And the building experience is immensely rewarding. I don't think there is anything else that I programmed in Ruby that when I succeeded, I felt this good about it. Now, if you are going to undertake this, I plan to arm you with some tools to make this easier for you. If you are trying to lex, here are the tools that I suggest. Using either rexical or raggle. And Aaron, wherever he is, that is under his. And the reason I suggest this is that raggle basically allows you to define what your lexer looks like. But it has different compilation targets. So it can compile to Ruby.  And this is pretty useful because your language probably isn't going to stay in Ruby if you actually want it to become anything later on. Ruby is really slow. So if you are writing a language on top of Ruby, it is going to be very slow. But the value in writing in Ruby is that you are going to be able to validate what you assume about your language much faster. You are going to get to this is the part of the language that I think is really interesting and I like and I want to write this. So I used raggle in the hopes that maybe one day I would transition to C and then it could be fast again. But who knows when that day will come. Now the next step for parsing, the tool I suggest there is rack. That is RACC, not RACK. And this basically allows you to define your grammar which is the parsing step. I will show examples of these things after this so you can see what they look like. But these tools together make it really easy. And the nice thing about RACC is that it is modeled after YACC and Bison. Bison is modeled after YACC. And these are C libraries. So later on if you do decide, hey, I am going to rewrite and C, you can kind of just change the format of your parser and it potentially will work to some degree. So I actually want to show examples of the language Dagon that I wrote that utilized these tools. So this is roughly what raggle will look like. I should mirror my screen because this is impossible to see. Yeah, what? You say F1? Yeah, I am going to keep going. Thanks, Caleb.  So this is essentially what raggle looks like. And in it you just define what each piece of your language looks like. This is the first step.  There are some operators. And if you are looking at this and you are a little bit confused because there are spaces around the plus operator, this is deliberate. Dagon was designed with the idea that the language is your style guide. And so there is only one way to do anything in the language. There is no ambiguity. So addition is space plus space, not just space. So we define these things and we build up essentially what is our lexer. And it is going to take code that looks like this. This is an example Dagon program. It is going to take this and it is going to break it up into the individual pieces. Like so. So here you can see we have labeled each part of the language. We have said that greeter is a constant. And then there is a colon and so forth and so forth. And this is all you have to do for lexing. This process is not very difficult to get these sets of data. But this format is particular to rack having an array with two elements in it. And when you get into rack, you are going to write basically a grammar that looks like this. You break down each thing and I decided to look at class definition because that is an example we had before. A class definition is a constant followed by a colon followed by a block of code. And so forth. It keeps getting deeper and deeper and deeper. So I mentioned before that when you do this, this is the hard part because you run into ambiguities. And they look like this. This is called a shift reduce conflict. How many of you know what a shift reduce conflict is? All right. Barely anybody. This is the best. Okay. So when you have a grammar and it is working through each of the words, it is going to look at each one individually and then it is going to decide what to do. It is either going to shift that token on and read the next token or it is going to try to reduce a certain number of tokens on the stack into something it already knows about. So an example would be I had an indent, some code, and a ddent, that is a block. And when it sees the ddent, it is like, oh, cool. I can reduce that into a block. That is a known thing. So the shift reduce here is it didn't know what to do. Does it need to shift the L bracket on or does it need to reduce using rule 11 which was defined up above somewhere? And when you run into these problems, you have to solve them. And it is a terrible process. I don't envy anybody who has to do this. In this case, the problem was that my lines didn't have a terminator character. And so you essentially could have one line of code followed by another line of code. And that could create conflicts. So tracking that down is really painful. But with practice, you get there and you can start writing actual languages. So to give another example of the language, I'm going to show everybody's favorite thing to do with the programming language. And that's to write an interpreter. I had to rename this to make this friendly. This is a BF interpreter. How many people know what I mean when I say BF? Okay. There's what? White space? Yes, this is not white space. So, yeah, I can't say the F bomb. But basically the language is brain F. F bomb, yeah. And the idea behind it is that there are eight operators that you have to implement. And once you've implemented those eight operators, you've successfully implemented the language. And the reason why this is important for language designers is because it's technically Turing complete. How many of you know what Turing complete is? Yeah, okay. So if your language is Turing complete, you've basically said that it's a language that can reproduce anything other languages can produce. So here is my attempt at the brain F bomb interpreter in Dagon. Now, this isn't that interesting, I guess, from the perspective of this isn't Ruby, but Ruby is powering all of this underneath. And I think that's really what I enjoyed about using Ruby to write my language was that I was able to do this really quickly, much quicker than I could have done in C. And changing it is really easy. So because I've had these experiences with this language, I can now apply them to other things. And this is where it gets really neat. Now, because I understand this, I can potentially work on Ruby. How many of you have looked at the parse.y file in Ruby? Okay, it is a nightmare. Okay, I'm going to make this small. This file is over 11,000 lines. And in its defense, it is not just a parser, it is also a lexer. But it is immense and be very difficult for anyone to actually understand all of this. But you know, just having a little bit of experience writing my own language, I understand a lot more about what's going on here. And if I wanted to say extend Ruby syntax to have something new, I would be able to do that because I understand this. How many of you are Rails developers? Okay. So you probably think, this is all meaningless. I will never ever do anything with programming languages with my job. And I thought that too. But you can do some really neat things using these tools.  Tons of data about the real estate market. And the current way they implemented it was a giant form with tons of select boxes and toggles and everything to get to the data that you needed to get to. And it was a very subpar experience. And what we were able to design was reduced all of that stuff into a single search box. The idea being you would express what you were looking for in terms of English and it would find it. So I could say properties in Boston over 10k sold within the last three months and it would return that. And the way I designed it was I treated each sentence like a programming language. It pulled out the parts, it put them together and created meaning. And this experience was really fantastic for finding the data that they were trying to find before. It simplified what was 10 minutes of filling out a form into 10 seconds of filling out a single search field. So even if you don't think that you will ever write a programming language for your job, there are some opportunities that can be presented by taking this approach and by using these tools. So at the very least I hope that I can convince you to try. To try a little bit and see how far you can get. That is it. I actually thought my talk was going to be right before lunch and so now I got moved. This was going to be my final slide.


In this video, I want to spend some time talking about the video production process and what we've learned over the years about how videos are best produced. Now, these days very often people are used to making videos very quickly for their family purposes and it's so easy to simply take out a phone and make a video. But I think people many often forget there's sort of a hockey stick need in terms of the growth of skill and ability needed to make a video. So to make videos of a family for a toddler or edit together a little bit of a holiday retrospective, that is well within the reach of pretty much anybody these days. But if you want to record a lecture, record with a green screen, or even edit a multi-camera video, that's actually beyond the skills of most people. And it's not that anybody could not learn it, but it takes a lot of effort, it takes a lot of time to do it, and also there's a lot of information and knowledge and skills that people have to develop if they want to do it well. So I think that's important to remember as we think about creating videos and think about where on here are our skills and where our willingness to create these videos. And luckily some of the tools that we have actually take some of these more difficult things and put them down here where it's much more within reach of most people to create videos. Now we talked about production quality in the previous video, but let me just again summarize what is part of that production quality. Well, we need to have good lighting, and often people use props, we need to think about camera angles, so often higher production will change the camera angles, often different shots, we have background music, animations, and simply just a general look of what we're producing is important. So we need to think about which of these things are important to us and adjust our production needs and our planning to all of that. And traditionally the higher the production quality, the more of a team you need to do it, and if you ever watch credits at the end of a film, you know that the teams are getting bigger and bigger. Whereas on the other side of the production is self-production. But these days with many of the tools that we have, we don't necessarily have to sacrifice too much of the production quality for the high quality in term, even if we're producing our videos ourselves. So some of the traditional production, and often people still give that advice that these are things that are necessary, but with the new tools I think we don't need them, is the traditional production often requires, goes in sort of three steps and very broadly summarize. So first you start with a script, and that has to be quite detailed. You have an outline, then you write the text, and then you do many, many rewrites to get it quite right. And it can take a long time to create a good script. Then once you have a script, you create a storyboard. And that's your plan of how each shot in the video will look. You plan out the individual shots. You worry about continuity, how things change from shot to shot, how many angles you need. And then you'll do the production at the end. And of course that itself is a massive process.  You need to shoot the video, and then you need to edit it. And all of those things take a lot of effort. And there are specialists in many areas of the video production process. But with something like RapidMOOC, which is what I'm using right now to record this video, the production can be a lot simpler than that. And one person can record a video that is good enough for the purposes of instructional videos. So what I'm doing right now, I'm standing in front of a green screen and between the green screen and the RapidMOOC unit. And whatever is green behind me is replaced by a presentation, which is a simple PowerPoint. And the way I prepare this is I start with an outline. I outline what I want to say. I created a PowerPoint based on that outline. Now I could have created a script, but I didn't do that. I'm just speaking, following my outline. And then I'm recording. So in three steps, I can have a video very easily done. I can, at the end, edit the video, but I cannot, because RapidMOOC allows me not to do that. I actually don't do that. I simply finish talking, push, pause, and that's my video done. Now there are many alternative tools for video production of different style. And the easiest one of them is a PowerPoint. You may not realize that, but in a slide show, you can simply record a slide show and add a video of yourself or not. And then you go to export, and then choose the quality of your video and simply export a video. And you have a video that you can upload on YouTube. So it's a very easy way of recording a video simply with a PowerPoint. Of course, it's going to be looking very different from this, but it's pretty much anything that you can put in a PowerPoint you can make into a video. But there are many, many tools out there. One that teachers often like, or it's quite well known in the world of education, which is a way of creating sort of an animated presentations, videos, and it's an entirely web-based service. It's been around for many years, but it has many alternatives. There's GoAnimate, there's Movely, Animaker, Luminify, all these other tools, and they all have their strengths and weaknesses. So if you were interested in creating more infographic style videos, you can certainly look at some of those tools. If you wanted to make screencasts, there are tools like Camtasia, which is quite expensive and complicated, but there's a cheap or free version called Screencast Stomatic online one, there's Filmora, and these are just the ones that I've used. There are many, many out there, including actually PowerPoint has its own built-in screen recording feature as well. And if you wanted to make videos where people animate descriptions, animate sort of writing as part of the video, you can use video scribe, doodling, explain videos. So there are, again, and these are just a three of several tools out there that you can choose from, and many of these, some of them are download, some of them work directly in your browser. Now, no matter which tools you use to create your videos, what should be your priorities? And actually from the research and also from just experience, it turns out that the biggest amount of time should be spent on good sound. So sound is actually, it turns out more important than the video quality than all the other production elements, such as lighting, such as having props and multiple camera angles and so on. So focus on getting good sound, and the other things really don't seem to matter so much when it comes to production. So that's all for this video. In the next video, we're going to have a look at creating an outline and then how to make a PowerPoint from an outline, and then finally how to record it with RapidMoc.