Hi, my name is Mackenzie. I am an intern for Chartwells dining and today we're going to be doing a tour of the Pomfret dining hall We also refer to it as the food hall at Pomfret. It also used to be known as Pomphreteria But it's got a facelift now, so we're not gonna call it that anymore Really quickly. I just wanted to show you guys. We've got so many new seating options down below So before you eat feel free to study and then when you get hungry walk on upstairs Yeah Got a good little makeover We were last year July 15th. Yeah quite a bit of an improvement since then. Oh, yeah, for sure So why don't you join me? We're gonna just Go ahead first Right behind me, we've actually got the salad bar, so we'll have plenty of healthy options most of our dining halls have salad bars sandwich stations we will have a Green table that will offer a lot of gluten-free all of the fun stuff options And then we've got pizza stations and everything but right here. We've got salad bar We'll be doing fresh veggies all that fun stuff. Do you have any favorite dishes? Honestly, everything in the salad bar their bell peppers are always so crispy and cold So that's like my go-to definitely my favorite We've got the sandwich station right behind me as well Well, where we'll be doing like fresh bread and even cookies every single day so the aroma in here will be We have a couple people tuning in let us know where you're from. Yeah excited to have you coming here this fall for sure for sure and Like because this is Pomfret dining hall We will be the closest to a doki dormitories and then Pomfret also has a lot of students living here as well We're really excited about that And what day can people start coming to eat here August 17, yeah, so really quickly we've got pardon the beeping We've got canine makers right here. This is where the bread and the cookies will be so all of the yummy stuff I Follow me around here We actually are gonna have some hand-scooped ice cream which is the first at a dining hall So we're really excited about that and most of the stations here are going to be build your own So you get to customize it and it's just really great because whenever you're a student, you know Having that option of changing things up is awesome So ice cream is gonna be great. We're pumped about it and then we're gonna have our dessert station Which we're gonna have like, you know the go-tos brownies cookies all that fun stuff got a game that freshman 15 We'll have two soups a day and these will switch up pretty frequently as well So you we promise or hope that you will never get burnt out on anything And can you come in at any time of the day or there's a specific time? Yeah, so most of the time so we'll have breakfast lunch and dinner at Pomfret and Depending on the time of the day depends on which which station you're gonna want, you know So breakfast will have our omelet station, which I can show you guys and then lunch pasta pizza Dinner pasta pizza. We'll have the green table salads all that fun stuff. Nice. Yeah So I'll actually take you guys to the green table where we've got our registered dietitian and one of our Dietetics interns and they'll kind of hand that off. So that way they know a little bit more about Hi, my name is Natalie and I'm in the wellness intern here at Chartwell. So this is my thoughts See how we're really excited Pomfret has just gotten a green table, which means that it's made to Made to order and we'll have a vegan vegetarian options If you have a food allergy restriction or intolerance You can talk to them about it talk to Ashley about it We cannot organize meals to accommodate you here at the green table. This is where you'll be able to talk to you Specialists to about any preferences you need I want to meet with Ashley Well also to accommodate allergies We use dine on campus where you can see the different ingredients used in each food And that's across all dining halls on campus not just here and not just at the green tables So if you have a really unique allergy, you can always check those labels that we upload on there And then of course always talk to Ashley and the chefs in the dining halls just to communicate for your safety Yeah, yeah, so if you've got food allergies, we actually love it when you speak up and you talk to us Helps us do our jobs so much better. It helps our guests and our students actually be able to diet safely I did want to mention that the green table Every single menu item that is offered there on a day-to-day basis. We actually remove wheat Treenets peanuts and shellfish Wow You if you've got any of those allergies, you automatically have an option to eat Without even having to really have a conversation What are some of the more common requests you get when it comes to specific types of food I could think anything that tends to include a top eight food allergen, which I just mentioned four of those it's actually not a top eight allergen, but So soy quite a bit eggs and milk are kind of the other three and then we also have fish too So I would say those are probably the most common, but I get lots of Other requests too. So even if your allergen falls outside of those top eight, that's okay Just feel free to speak up and send me an email. You can reach me at diet at you work dot edu Awesome, and we also accommodate food preferences not just allergies That's just another conversation to have and we'll be having the gluten-free ice cream cones that you can still enjoy And then all vegetables in this dining hall can be sauteed for you If you just communicate with someone working that station, it'll take care of that Thank you guys Question for you actually can you tell us a little bit about meal trades? Yeah, so here we would use a meal swipe and that's where if you've got like plan 10 plan 15 unlimited You'll use a swipe to get in it's all you can eat and that will just take off one So if you had 10 meal swipes now you've got nine after you've eaten here And then meal trades are a lot like meal swipes But instead of eating at a dining hall you would go to let's say Chick-fil-A for breakfast You can trade your swipe for a combo meal and that would count as one of your 10 So if you've got 10 now, you've got nine So they're pretty interchangeable. Well, there's so much beeping happening right now. Why don't we well keep moving? Over here we've got our pizza pasta and breakfast station so One really great thing that we're super pumped about is that the pizzas will actually be personalized We got these awesome machines that you can't your pizza will be baked in 45 seconds So while it sounds like oh my gosh, we're gonna have to wait here forever We're hoping it'll be really speedy, but that's definitely something that we're excited about yeah We had a question about the dining hall hours, okay Yeah, the dining hall hours will be open breakfast lunch and dinner. Do we know he's back until 8 p.m. I think 630 day So 6.30 a.m. 6 p.m. Yes, correct. Is that true of all of the dining halls? So close that to reopen up for Oh Okay Right, thank you that question and we actually have our hours online as well and through the dining on campus app So if you're ever confused about that, definitely look there Yeah, so this station will be umlets and all that fun stuff The best part about this place is how customizable it is, you know So building your own and all of that fun stuff behind me we'll have a ton of seating and And we're really pumped about it because we've got awesome natural lighting and we've got a state-of-the-art Dishwashing machine which sounds a little gooby, but it's okay We're all really excited about it It definitely helps look like the speed speed of everything and then we've got our drink stations to our left And there's another one as well, so you don't have to march all the way over here I wonder if anyone's watching who was here the last few years and remembers how this used to look Because there's quite a before and after it's been how it used to look and how it looks now Oh, yeah, um, especially with the coloring. I think it just like it's so much more brighter and everything so We're really pumped about it. And then we actually got this conference room if we want to take a step inside so Basically this area can be used you can run it out so a lot of places like At the library you can rent out a room for clubs Or if you want to have like a studying powwow with friends, you can do that in this space available as well Sweet, so it's just another space that will be really nice for the students Living down here. Yeah, and did you say there's going to be TVs in here? Yes, there will be TVs in here Um, yeah in the seating will be obviously a little different Again, the space is also customizable. I mean move the chairs or whatever It's an awesome space Yeah, we've got a good view right here too And if you're you're during sunset, it's And does that recall this is a dining hall that gets used a lot in the mornings and in the evenings because During the noon time people are up on the hill.  Yes, exactly worth the hike for sure. Yeah, so I'm a senior at the ua So I'm really pumped because I get to be here one last semester and be like, yeah, I get to see everything What are you studying? I'm studying hospitality management. Oh, yeah I've got a marketing internship right now. So I've been enjoying that a lot. I'm like, maybe I should switch my last semester So are there any new restaurants coming through here? Yeah, we we actually have I'm gonna give you guys a quick sneak peek of pick theory Which is like barbecue all that fun stuff and then we also have Hill coffee co which we're really excited about so hill coffee co. We're I mean, we're excited about everything The coffee co we're kind of branching out to be a little bit more local. So we'll have a company called mountain bird coffee and they will Provide the coffee for us and it's a really cool partnership And we just love their values and everything and so we're hoping to just keep that going Where will that be and that will be right next to the it'll be part of the union So yeah right over there by the fountain and all that fun stuff And then we've also got maple hill grill And so if you're living over by the maples That will offer like a ton of sandwiches and salads and a lot of varieties to that length If you're over there and you don't want to hike over all right Give you tons of variety and all that fun stuff And then are you gonna paper lantern is one that I heard? Oh, yeah Tell me about that because there's excitement around it. That's exactly So paper lantern will be replacing payway But have no fear because it'll have a ton of variety as well It'll give you more of like a vibe of Panda express but you can do like bowls and plates and all of that fun stuff So definitely we're pumped about that. We're excited for it. It'll add a lot to that union. So we're excited Do we get a question? Yeah, we had a question about what days the dining hall will be open the days It'll be I think every day of the week Um, there will be different hours depending I think on weekends brunch brunch, yeah brunch and dinner But definitely we have all of that on our website as well. So if you want to Print that out. Maybe keep it up in your dorm. That's what I did my freshman year and it helped me a ton Um, but again, we've got that dine on campus app. So if you utilize that as well Yeah, if you use that if you use that app And we'll give you all the hours and what's on the menu and all that fun stuff and then we've got um our instagram, which is actually food on the hill a r and Definitely go there because that will give you even more Like of a clear idea of dates and what things are happening on campus and everything food Go there. So even giveaways if I recall. Yes, we do giveaways Pretty much. So we do this thing called one at wednesdays So almost every single wednesday of the semester. We've got it all planned out. We've got things that we're really excited to give away. Um Yeah, big things too those first couple weeks tuning go go follow us now Um, but this is just a really quick sneak peek Um, kind of like rough draft. We're almost there. This is going to be pig theory So what pig theory is going to it's going to be like a big barbecue concept It'll be what we're going to call late night. So from 6 to 10 p.m. Sunday through thursday It will be open which it's again is just like another concept that is different than a dining hall And it's more specific. So We're pumped about this one one Really fun thing is that it should be open for future Razorback football games. So if your family's over in town and they want to get that um barbecue Feel from different states because we're going to be part not partnering but trying to combine flavors from tennessee Missouri, texas, arkansas. We're kind of focusing our menu on that. So we're pumped So awesome copper detail. I think that's really yes, and it's on the outside of the building as well. So It'll look really good. So I heard in our office that you have a burrito That is has macaroni and cheese in it. Yes. It has tater tots in it Do you know what it's called? It's mac tater burrito So like a neighbor living all of those neighbors. Yes, and this is actually one of the stickers that we're going to have Um, and this will be up on the wall. Um, so if you want one of these come find us food on the hill Yeah, and we've just all of the all of our inspiration You know because so many people are from out of state coming here So we want to make sure we give them that barbecue feel that feels like they're at home Where are you from? I'm from argyle, texas. Is that east texas or west texas? It's north texas northeast. Yeah, so Yeah, it's kind of closer to oklahoma university of north texas area, but yeah Great. What an exciting new concept. Yes. We're really we're really fortunate. Um, it'll be we've got a lot coming So we're really excited about it But yeah, y'all have any more questions? Any more questions coming in now right now Does our nutritious have any thoughts about the barbecue? All food's fake, guys Love it Yes, we have vegetarian options here, which is going to be great Awesome, great. Well, do you mind signing us off? I do not. Um Move in.uard.edu. Move in.uard.edu. Go there or vsquare The chart will's website again. Yes, so we've got dining on campus Um, you are or if you follow us on any of our social media, we've got um, Instagram food on the hill ar one thing I do want to add if you are an incoming freshman or someone That is just hopping on to this live. We actually have a lot of um part-time and full-time Positions one thing that I love about it. I'm an intern and It's awesome because whenever you get a job with chartwells, you're starting base rates $10 You get a parking permit a green parking permit and you get non-slip shoes So they really take care of you initially and if you ever want to join our team Find us. We we're looking for you But yeah, that's about it. Awesome. Thank you guys. Yes. Thank you so much


My name is Peter Taylor. I'm Professor of Organic Chemistry in the School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences. The technology we're developing is around polyethylene glycol and silane copolymers, particularly alternating block copolymers. We've developed another way of making them, which leads to a whole range of different properties. We've been working in organo-silicon chemistry for perhaps 30 years or so. We've come quite experts in making organo-silicon compounds. And we came across this particular polymer by doing some of our interesting organo-silicon chemistry and decided to exploit it further. So using our synthetic method, we can control the way the polyethylene glycol and the siloxane are combined to give quite unique combinations. And that leads to quite interesting properties. And so we can use these polymers in a whole wide range of different purposes from contact lenses through to lubricants. My colleagues and I have a great range of knowledge and experience around new materials and particular smart materials. And we think that over the next four or five years that field is going to really open up. And so the expertise that we have could really be useful for your industry.


Hello, good morning. Hey, how's it going? It's all right. You went to Monday. Everything's busy before the next QCon. Yeah, I don't doubt it. No, I didn't get funding, so I won't be attending this year. Sadly, it's going to be my first one in forever that I didn't get to go to. Oh, that's too bad. It was a ton third. I'll post the link. We'll give it a few minutes for folks to arrive. I've seen a lot of posts about the Dell Toko lab and various things happening there. Are you engaged in that directly? I'm engaged in it indirectly. I could chat offline about it a little bit. Okay. I have been marshaling some support internally, though, around specifically cloud native endeavors and telco. We're starting to see some CNFs that are actually, I would say, as close to cloud native as I've seen so far. And it definitely breaks a lot of people's brains when trying to design infrastructure for like an actual CNF versus, you know, an 8GIG monolith where you do a one to one box to application ratio. That's cool. It seems like something to dig into and talk about more. Where is that? Where can they run? Or where are you seeing them run? I'm seeing the CNFs. Yeah. I mean, so this is mostly a packet core that I've been working with. But they basically completely rewrote their whole platform. Since this is recorded and I don't speak for them, I got to be semi careful. But I would love to get you guys in contact with them. But, you know, they've got a 5GSA core, an LTE core, all runs in a single platform. Everything's deployed with Helm charts. They rewrote everything, you know, and go. They've really put in the work like they're getting to the point now where they want to have horizontally scaling UPFs, which is obviously like the Holy Grail of cloud native and telco is how do I horizontally scale my data plane. There are a lot of really interesting things, though, when you talk about like what it means from a session manager standpoint of how do I migrate an IP, things like that. So, you know, there's still a lot of interesting challenges to overcome, but they've really put the work in to like rebuild their core like from the ground up to run in a cloud. It's just, it's tough trying to get legacy people to kind of get pick up what we're putting down right so I've designed a couple of environments and network topologies with this partner for some customers and, you know, just the fact that you start with a minimum of three nodes because you're going to allow the scheduler both the hypervisor layer and the case layer to do its thing like everybody wants to talk scaling like yeah but like how many more boxes do I add to get like two more p gateways and like it doesn't apply right like you just have total capacity, you need to like monitor and like the overall consumption on your cloud and what you're willing to allow for oversubscription failure rates and then build from there so it's been an interesting talking point and everybody's a lot more friendly with Jeffrey now internally because they're like hey how do we design this to like actually work. It's cool. I mean, they're really, in my opinion one of the leaders in this just at least from a, you know, total refactoring standpoint. It's not just a good containers with all the functionality shoved into one pod. And I've seen it mostly in VMware I've seen it in AWS. I've seen some really cool hybrid architectures. I was trying to write it down just as a skip at high level. The what do we mean. Yeah, I think saying this like across multiple pods versus in a single pod. And just the notion that you, you know, if you're deploying cloud native software there's an expectation that there's a cloud to consume, right, like, I get people asking like how would I do a single node deployment. And, I mean, the answer is it's technically feasible but it's a really terrible idea right like you at that point have to shift to something like microkates, or K3S or something because you don't have that CD, you know, federated. But it just it's it's funny because like now that there's actual software that's coming out that's fairly cloud native. A lot of people's brains are breaking just trying to figure out like, okay, but like how do I still do things the way I've always done them like I want to deploy, you know, two boxes at this edge location like probably not a great idea if you're deploying this in kates. And to be honest with the packet core, I don't know why you would deploy it that way anyways, even for like private LTE private 5g where you're doing like small localized deployments. The ran is a lot tougher though right because you're probably not going to build three to four node cloud stacks out of the cell site but it's a different different challenge I feel like the packet core is a great use case for diving into these and learning these challenges because it's got lots of control plane which is cloud native friendly. It does have some gateways in there that are not so cloud native friendly so kind of gives you like a healthy balance of different challenges to overcome and deployment. So you mentioned helm charts what about actually like getting how do you the helm chart doesn't actually send it you have to have somebody how are you getting deployments and sending stuff out. And that's going to be individual, you know, customer dependent.  But because it's because it's cloud native quote unquote, it has almost no opinion on the cloud, other than, you know, baseline requirements. So how you build your cloud, whether you're consuming a third party cloud, what kind of pipeline you have etc. That's a case by case basis, you know, I could go in there and manually, you know, type like CLI commands to apply everything if I wanted to obviously not the best idea. But, you know, we've been helping some people, you know, some of our workflow at the Dell side so we have like bare metal orchestrator from the telco group, we actually do use hotel for this type of stuff this part of hotel I can talk about where we basically help customers build pipelines, and they can like link labs. But in this form you know I don't want to turn this into a Dell sales pitch but I've seen everything in anything like I've seen the absolute worst implementations you can possibly imagine and I've seen some of the coolest implementations imaginable. It just depends on where they are in their journey. And one of the challenges with like moving to cloud native software is if you're a very legacy network shop. You typically don't have any teams or processes in place to do things like continuous delivery.  Are you running into folks that are doing stuff like with, I'm just going to say get ops patterns and stuff like that. Absolutely. I've seen some that are like really advanced so like instead of using you know like some vendor provided like workflow engine. They're orchestrator of orchestrators, you know, they're running something like our go, and they just come up with like, you know, actual pipelines to handle all their charts handle all their manifests and they use all of like they basically use get is kind of like their state machine to control everything. See other people push it in through controllers because they really like the like, you know, API gateway style of things. I've certainly seen like seen a couple of providers in Canada actually that surprised me at how far along they were in get ops. Obviously you got looking crew over at Deutsche telecom. They're always doing cool stuff but um, you know, my old alma mater charter, we were doing a lot of stuff in that vein, using a lot of the stuff. So, I would say get ops is probably the most impactful thing that providers can do, like even more so than deploying a better version of a packet core or ran or this and that like actually changing how they do operations. Because I would argue you could use get ops for even all your legacy stuff.  I don't I feel like there's like this notion that get ops only applies in a hyperscaler and Kubernetes when I feel like it's just a paradigm that is just good governance for managing things and you could do it across any of your environments if you're willing to put the effort in. I also find the smaller providers tend to be more get ops savvy just because they don't have as many levels of bureaucracy to overcome not as many committees to fight through not as much shared responsibility like one team will kind of own engineering through operations cradle to grave and so they can be a little bit more daring in what they attempt. Hello, everyone else. Hey, Victor, what are you seeing, as far as like production deployments. I mean, I know that you're heavily involved on the nephio project. I just put that with get ops operator patterns. You know, it's, but if you look at the underlying KPT is, I think, heavily about get ops in my mind, without that word being maybe directly used but it becomes the same thing. But what do you say in like production. Well, just realize that, for example, who has this DNA product, which is basically nephio production rate. So that's what, yeah, which is following exactly the same like the get ops practices and behind teams is obviously using KPT, which is, you can think you can connect with blocks or articles, but they are trying to promote like the use of conflict thing, which is the KPT reconciliation system. So, so yeah, I have seen that particular trend like especially like the justification is mostly because they want to try to scale out. At least get ops, you have, you have to have it played. You know, if anyone besides Google is doing anything with nephio production. It's even see this is this like a forked version similar to, you know, Kubernetes is was something before it was Kubernetes. And they have something. I heard like a few weeks ago, other ways for trying to contribute to nephio, hopefully they have like a similar nephio vitro. But yeah, today we can see anything. Jeffrey, are y'all using operators for management with the network functions. Do you know that y'all are doing the packet core stuff. So, I mean, it depends, because we come, you know, pretty wide open as far as stack we have some tools that we use operators in for sure.  But it's really mostly around like infrastructure orchestration and just being able to leverage the Kate's API at that layer. You know, as far as like, what we're doing from like a man or an SMO standpoint, this and that I mean, I think there's some stuff being released but we're mostly providing like cloud infra. And then we're pretty agnostic at the moment, you know, if you want to bring VMware red hat, rancher, whatever. And then we integrate different, you know, CNF vendors operators but as far as like our own DU and CU software that's coming out I couldn't speak to that like, you know, in a it's too early I don't think we're even talking everything we're doing other than that we have a ran but you know whether or not we're leveraging operators in there. I don't know. I can tell you that the packet core vendor I'm working with. They're just straight manifests and Helm charts, etc. Like, they're basically just using everything, you know that comes from Kate's they're not trying to like modify the API. I would say that I think that the operator craze is kind of calm down a little bit. I don't know Victor if you're seeing the same thing. I mean, there's still out there but I feel like, instead of like everybody saying I need an operator for everything. The hype is kind of calm down and they're being employed a little less frequently and typically in areas that make sense versus just trying to brute force things for the sake of forcing a paradigm that probably shouldn't be there. I mean, for example, at least from from probably like, I mean, right in an operator, we, it's quite easy. I mean, anyone can do it, but I'm writing a good operator with all the best practices and following and make it more long term like, it's like a chicken thing like that. That's, that's the major challenge for their other problem that I have here. And at least it is something that this in the FIO community. So hot topic is about the hem charts. I mean, for small CNF and things that doesn't require too much parametration customization. I think it's like ham charts is like a nice thing that you are when you have to consider like a multiple scenarios like when you have to expose a lot of different customizations and different parameters and all these things.  I've seen a couple of ways that I mean, I think that we probably tried to make home charts do more than they were ever intended, which is where people ran in trouble right like you said for like small modest deployments they're great but you know what they're originally doing is deploy application X Y or Z. And when you have a multi tiered application it gets more complicated because you get into like, order of operations challenges. I've seen people just struggle and then build super convoluted operators because helm doesn't give them quite what they need. Other two approaches I've seen though is I've seen several people. It's weird that I haven't seen any like wide scale adoption of one of these types of tools, you know, outside of private implementations but you see these people who basically build like a helm aggregator if you will or something like something that manages multiple charts. And you can build like a chart of charts if you will is like what I've heard some people call it, but honestly the more savvy, you know groups that I've seen. They're just, you know, goes back to the get ops question is they either have some kind of comprehensive workflow engine, or you know they've got some type of, you know, advanced level of knowledge of something like Argo, etc. They're like they're building real pipelines, and they just build their deployment into the pipeline. And so that's how they're handling, you know, successive charts multiple charts charts that have dependencies on stuff you know so if I like to play chart a, you know, maybe I can't deploy chart B until a is finished like that's where like helm kind of falls down a little bit. But I've seen a lot of different approaches to, you know, dealing with it. I think my favorite approach is probably the get off style approach of just building full deployment models in my pipeline and deploying charts when they're needed versus the chart of charts just because you still sometimes get into these weird race conditions. But I don't know, I feel like operators are like one of those deals where you give someone a lot of rope to hang themselves like you were saying Victor like you can write one in an afternoon. But it's probably going to be garbage right. I've seen those some like the ones that I've seen the operators I really like are the ones that make small modifications to do what Kate's does best instead of trying to like redefine Kate's in a single, you know, operator where like, you know, I want to run a server, the same way that I run a pod, or a, you know, a vm in the case of Qvert. So like, they write an operator that lets you deploy it to declare type server, right. And, you know, assuming they write it well, etc. So now you have bare metal infrastructure that is, you know, manage the same way as your other primitives inside of Kate's. But when I start seeing people basically try to like write an NFL, or a vnfm and an operator. That's when I think things start going super sideways on people. Would you say operators with a single concern or less with single concern, less concerns. Yeah, I mean, I don't know at what point, you know, like one, like one concern per operator like I don't know if it's necessarily the same I do 100% agree with them kiss. I just I feel like the best operators I've seen are the things that like take what Kubernetes already does best, and then try to like, you know, apply that to a small subset of things that you want to like include in a deployment right. I mean at the end of the day, you know, Kate's is kind of like the fanciest rest API on the planet so if I'm doing those types of things like right operations, where I want to push a manifest etc. Other things I'd like to include in a manifest and be able to define and you know track state on and ensure that like my declaration is being upheld.  And then I've seen other people you know, follow the yellow brick road into Oz and just get themselves in a lot of trouble. Like they basically trying to write an entire orchestrator in an operator, just so they, you know, their orchestrators API is you know the case API instead of a custom API like I don't know. When you start trying to force Kate's to do things that it wasn't never intended to do that tends to break things in my opinion but there's also way better software developers than me out there so they might do cool things who knows. And regarding the similar trend or at least what I have her is, well, in order to keep like a, like a simple, it's important to have like a kind of a note. Okay, because I mean we have like an operator that you gave us, like, open air or CNF SDK or things like that, where you can reuse most of the things and a facilitated development or like this provide like a library where you can reuse. Some functions or certain functions that are very common on CNF that you can reuse, especially for because if you have like a single operator for CNF, eventually you are polite for the frame like a lot of operators and. And that could be also an I'm air, especially for operators, but for people who have to implement those things. So, yeah, I think that has to be about between the number of things that you, you want to deploy like especially for your CNF, I mean you have quite a whole pack of things, or you can reuse things and which using that kind of SDK or library or things like that. In order to achieve like what I free that like a simple as possible. Seems like there's an opportunity to maybe examine and talk about operator usage at nephew is, I mean, say it's all about operators and they're trying to figure out. Best practices around that and I do think there's probably some people that are thinking they could do this. Do everything they would do and that's a mano and. Folks talked about how do you do layers to do Yang and other stuff. So there's probably going to be, I would just say there's going to be some that are maybe too much. But not everybody's doing that, and it's in the nephew some and it seemed like some of would be around this. A simple purpose or single focus or breaking things up, you may have multiple operators but they're all specific and why are using it. Best practices around that Victor we've been talking about it for a while but just that nephew and deployment but maybe the focus should be operators. Which isn't just nephew operators but it would be, you know, what are what's happening there what are the best practices that could be used there. I don't know if. Actually, I do think that Dosh chef from that should tell calm. I think they do have operators now that I'm thinking about it in the Dosh chef, which uses flux and a bunch of other things. It would be interesting to see who's doing it with, you know, more cloud native and flexible, automotive automation. Management deployments. What are they doing are they using operators. Try to figure out some best practices around that. There's those Jeffrey. I mean it seems like it's something that I don't think it's going away. I think it's maybe not talked about as much. So, sorry, I missed the first but what's going away or not going away. I think that the buzz around operators has slowed down but the adoption of is, I think, becoming more standard people are going to use operators. So maybe helping to try to talk about best practices and don't overuse them or don't add too much to them. Yeah, I'd say a lot of people, you know, who were just consumers probably using operators without even realizing it, which is probably a controversial statement because you should know it's in your infrastructure. But yeah, when I say the buzz died down, I mean, like, I feel like we've kind of gotten over the hype pump where everybody was just trying to release an operator as fast as they could to show, you know, that they had one and this and that, you know, really that bullet you have highlighted. All the neps are like, you know, we're going to do X, Y and Z with an operator. Now it just seems like it's, we're getting more to the keep it simple stupid, you know, portion where people are realizing they need X functionality and they package that cleanly and neatly to achieve a goal. And then they move on. I think you know your point about multiple operators. I think my real question is is, you know, as we get more and more mature solid operators that are actually, you know, worthwhile. That are doing good things for us. You know what happens when you try to like manage all of them if you start to get like conflicts and what they're trying to achieve in the API. I haven't really personally like I thought that was going to be a much bigger concern. When, you know, like two years ago, especially when everybody was talking about these big super complex operators. But now that most people are coming in with like limited concerns and just, you know, this operator achieves this goal. I'm less concerned, but the more and more you add obviously the more and more risk you have for some kind of conflict if you know, two different operators are competing for the same resources or something. Yeah, the other thing that I was thinking, I mean, we talked about this a little bit in the last week. I think the major change for it happening right now I mean, probably like, like the larger for some years ago, most of the efforts for operator were like, try to expose as much as possible. I mean, adding all the capabilities and try to offer all these capabilities to developers and try to sell those ability to them. But I guess now I have seen like a kind of interesting trend where who is dictating the capabilities of the infrastructure is mostly the application. So let's say that you have like a CNF, which requires certain given a conversion plus certain things. So, so that that's going to say to the infrastructure, I need these things. I don't really care if you offer a free or like multiple or things that I don't need it like that. I think that that's I guess that the major switch that is happening. Because now, especially what when you have people consuming public cloud providers. They don't really care too much about the infrastructure like so, so, so developing and packaging your application setting. Well, my application only needs these certain pictures and that's fine. I think it's a little bit particular change that I have noticed like I don't know, like, it's interesting trend. But, but for me it's like a new way to deploy things, not to make too much emphasis too much emphasis in infrastructure like that you still have to do to support these things but mostly who is driving the conversation who is dictating who has to offer what is the application and not is what the infrastructure is capable for. I don't know if I can say correctly, but I feel like that's that's a little bit changed but where has been noted especially in the way to deploy things. Did that I was trying to connect how does that relate to operators that just challenge in general for the requirements. In that case, like, yeah, basically, two prayers. I guess it's the same thing like if you are a TN offender. So, and obviously you have to pay like your own prayer or you have to, but I guess the major thing is like who has to the TN offender has to obviously to what are the things that they needed and probably they're going multiple places where or like, I have seen it for example in on app or like by your or others, trying to collect all these requirements like a hardware requirements or like offer requirements. So, and try to enforce the skin offenders to specify which are the needs like which are the things that you need for your CNF. So, or that could be like your services. And so, whatever you have it, plus operators. In other words, for example, things like an okay where where they were trying to develop like a platform like a reference for supporting all the people combinations. I think that's good but I think some special limitations in that approach. You don't want some single management thing that controls everything and well, if it's not like built in I guess. I'm trying to think of this so they, if you you want to be able to share your requirements and versions and stuff. And you don't want to have everyone require their own Kubernetes version. Single nodes and that's kind of related to what you're talking about before Jeffrey. No, no, well, probably. Yeah, I'm just trying to the problem in general, Victor, it's like a trying to solve it there's problems both directions. It's a hard problem to solve. While you definitely want, while you want the application developers who know the application best, they know what they need. You want them to be able to drive that. At the same time, you need to have some, you know, compatibility and stuff between them. I think that the major changes, for example, in the past, they have to be aware of what the infrastructure was capable of, like, I mean, okay, maybe I can improve the infrastructure in this particular way or using SRIOV or things like that, but I need to be in constant communication with the operators. See if or could even preserve to support those things. And I will say those things. So I think that was in the past where they have to have that conversation as they will probably, I will need this particular library or this particular general version because probably the app that I developing is going to require all these things. I think now that the limitation has been broken. So because they can, they can access to the private or even with workloads easily like I have seen that particular trend, which in the development, it's like, I guess, removing those barriers. So now the operator can, I mean, the developer, the CNF developer can say, well, I need this particular capabilities and I don't care if for current persons supported or because I have that freedom to use them. So eventually, I delegate that and I'm sure that the operators have to mean that the infrastructure operators are going to solve a particular issue, but I don't really care in my development to have those limitations. Hopefully that's actually with more the difference. Yeah, that makes sense. Jeffery got anything. I'd have to noodle on it a little more I think. Like when we start seeing need for compatibility matrix.  It just it starts to sound like Yang and toast go again where, you know, we have like these defined specifications and I really don't know. Like I said, I have to noodle on it. I don't know if the answer is just everybody brings their own operator. And the thing is right is, you've got like nephew, you know, it's network plumbing. It's not a CNF right.   And conversely, though, I don't have a good, you know, answer right now for, you know, how do we deal with the version and compatibility issues, you know, like operators, like you said, I think they've come a long way and they're super cool. I don't have a great answer at the moment on how I think I would tackle dealing with them at scale. But, but at least all of our, although we are a great get out to probably the only, the only solution or the key part that we have to go. Yeah, I agree. Like, you know, the more and more I'd like dive into the get ups, you know, abyss deeper I go like, I mean, really all it is, you know, there's the second half of the catchy phrase ops is really what it is is just doing ops better. Right. So if I have a lot of Helm charts, you know, how do I operationalize those Helm charts to do something good. If I have different operators, you know, how am I testing to make sure that I, you know, don't have the conflict. That's mentioned in the first bullet. How do I deploy them like, I don't know. The only problem with saying like get ups is the answer is is get ups requires lots and lots of work and care and feed so it's like, like telling someone that you know, oh yeah writing applications is easy here's the job of programming language good luck. We always come back to this like circular thing of, and I haven't found a way to break out of the circle yet of, what's the right amount of like, you know conformance or consistency so that we can. operationalize things at scale, which is a requirement for really running big networks versus not breaking, you know, the openness that makes software to find anything a good thing in the first place. No operator wants to run 15 different sdns in their network, but nobody also wants a single opera, you know sdn that doesn't really do anything it's really supposed to I don't know, just kind of babbling now, like you said, I need to noodle on this I don't really have a great thing. Other than that I think the challenges you've listed are pretty accurate. All right. Let's see. So, looking back to see enough working group nominations are open right now for self nominating. And for those that haven't heard that it was at the nephew summit mentioned, and it's more of it'll be at the telco day. There is a merger of efforts happening between CNCF and elephant. And especially around certification testing. So, what's going to happen to this working group and the efforts here. What do you want to happen. We need to communicate that. That'll be part of the decisions between CNCF and elephant. Think about it. If you want to post comments directly posted here, you can reach out to me, add stuff in. All right. So, no, CNF working group during coupon this meeting at least. I don't think we should have it. Victor. Yes, no for canceling that one. It is the next week or like after I think that's fine. We can cancel. Yeah, we'll be there. All right. I'm reached out to me previously. So, yeah, Jeffrey. I'll see you know, y'all are on with everybody.  All right. The cash. But if this keep going, then yeah, I would cancel. All right, cancel. Okay, what about this one during the elephant dev and testing form, Victor. November 13. Do you know if it's going to be hybrid or. I don't know. I only just saw. Like, registration in person, but I'm not sure if they're going to offer. They're to lax it. So, I mean, I'm not planning to go to the best. But I know that there will be some topics about the file. Right. As long as they provide like a. There's all. Well, there's some in person. I don't know if it's there's any virtual. There's probably. There's still open for proposing topics. Wow. They're November 1st. You got to do them on site, no remote presentations. All right. All right, anything else. All right. Thank you everyone. Have a good day and good week. Thank you. Cheers, everyone. Cheers. Bye.


Hello, good evening, and welcome to another session of COP-OFF, DM25's Alternative Climate Conference. This session is titled, Same Storm, Different Boats, The Global South. So we're going to talk about the global south in this session. I'm Luca Cerbrado, and I'm joined tonight by two wonderful guests. Originally scheduled to be three wonderful guests, but congresswoman Joanie Abishana from Brazil unfortunately is unable to attend tonight. Regardless, we have two great guests and I'd like to introduce them now. Our first guest is a human rights lawyer and a PhD candidate at Warwick Law School, where her research focuses on climate justice. Earlier this year, she co-founded Tipping Point UK to support grassroots groups to build power for systems change and has contributed and written to many publications, including Perspectives on a Global Green New Deal. Harpreet Kaulapal, welcome Harpreet. Thank you so much for having me. Thank you. Our second guest is the co-chair of the left group in the European Parliament and the co-founder of the intergroup on the Green New Deal. She has lectured human rights at CN SPO Paris and was previously a spokeswoman at Oxfam France and attacks justice campaigner, a cause that she has continued to champion as a member of the European Parliament. Monono, welcome Monon, thank you for joining us. Hi everyone, thanks. Okay, so let's get right into it. I would like to ask a couple of opening questions, one for each of you. Starting with you Harpreet, a very short and basic one. Why is it that we need to think the climate crisis and climate change globally? Why is it that national plans and national solutions at the national level are not enough? A short question with a very long answer that could probably take out the entire space but I'll try and be as succinct as possible. We all woke up this morning and some of us would have made ourselves a cup of tea or coffee. We would have likely checked our phones and within those first few moments we work in front of it with a globalised world whether it's the places in which the things that we eat are grown and harvested and move across borders or the minerals that make up the batteries in our phones and laptops that are then shipped to usually South East Asia and then North Asia or Eastern Europe. The global is in our daily lives and the industry is not only responsible for a quarter of greenhouse gans but also implicated in deforestation, workers' rights abuses and the system with neoliberal globalization which enables workers in our supply chains to be disregarded workers particularly in the mining industry to potentially be working in conditions of modern slavery, child labour is a system that allows corporations to treat workers in that way but also avoid tax in local jurisdictions and extract resources so global justice now research suggests that the African continent experiences something like 40 billion dollars more being extracted from it and the level of reminiscences aid and loans that are provided to it so in that kind of very basic sense we can't avoid the global in our daily life how does that connect to the climate crisis? If a country like Mozambique which experienced two unprecedentedly strong storms is paying significant amounts of money in loan repayments is not getting a fair level of tax paid to its economy, hasn't received and rebuilt following storms then we are seeing very clearly how economic precarity, neoliberal globalization and climate are confronted while I'm speaking, we've got half a million children in Madagascar under the age of five experiencing climate 300,000 people this year being impacted by floods in the DRC and the average person in the UK where I'm currently based amid something like five times more than the average person in Madagascar 65 times more emissions than the average person in the DRC and so the global in terms of climate injustice and economic injustice has to be very central to however we think about new deals Thank you Aprilit and the question for you Manon you work at the belly of the beast if you allow me the provocative expression you're a member of the European Parliament, you spend a lot of time in Brussels Well the European Union, they have a European Green Deal and that sounds wonderful we talk a lot about the Green New Deal how much of a difference can a world make, the world new so what is it that in your opinion is being done if anything in Brussels currently in order to make sure that some of those structural inequalities are addressed what is it that isn't being done and what is it that you and your parliamentary group is pushing for Well it actually does make all of the difference and it's good that you notice that the word new is missing because precisely the way they see the climate issue at Brussels and EU level and when I say they is like the Libos that are governing in the European Union is to try to save the planet with all the recipes with all free trade agreements with all the austerity rules with all the agricultural, productive financial support etc and I could go on for quite a while actually with fossil fuels etc so indeed you know it's not enough to package it it's not enough to take all policies and say look this is a great Green New Deal I mean a Green Deal this is a great Green Deal because actually they refuse to question the same policies that are actually leading to the current climate situation we're in and the terrible consequences that we are going to face if you just take and that might be something we're going to discuss later but basically the Green Deal of the European Union relies on what we call a fit for 55 package so I'll explain it so first off they made us vote an objective of a reduction of 55% due to emission by 2030 what might think that this is ambitious but as often the devil is in the details and first because that objective of minus 55% even in the trajectory we would need to meet the Paris Agreement would make a target of 65% so we weigh below this with the 65 second of all actually they made a little bit of a mathematical trick in calculating it because they're actually not taking into account the impact and consequences of imported CO2 emissions so when you import the product the environmental impact it has so it's one way to sort of externalize the pollution which obviously doesn't change the overall impact that is massive and thirdly even though that objective would not be sufficient they're actually not meeting it precisely because there isn't a fundamental change in the EU core policies that have been mentioning just before so most experts agree that the EU will not even be able to meet that objective of 55% and the main reason of this is precisely because there isn't a big shift in the EU policies the one that are responsible of most climate change impact being transport, being the type of energy that we're using being the agricultural policy once again in just one week we are going to vote the European agricultural policy the main budget at EU level and guess what? well we are going to vote the same old agricultural policy that support massive agro-industrial type of land and of production that has a lot of climate impact and the policy that we're going to vote is for the next six years so it does jeopardize our future for the next six years at least and when you think that it's the main budget of the European Union and we're not able to make it climate compatible then there's lots to worry so in short, the EU is very good at words and it's very good at making those very nice speeches being the president of the European Commissioners who live on the land we need to save the planet, we need to think about the future we need to think about the use blah blah blah but actually not very good at meeting the discourse with the EU policies unfortunately yeah and I find it interesting that you mentioned the tax on imports proposal and the Fit for 55 plan which has been criticized a lot for the reasons that you mentioned in sort of deflecting the responsibility towards the people the regions of the world that are the most affected by climate change first of all and that also without financial support are the least capable of complying to such regulations and coming from the Global South coming from Brazil more specifically I know that there is this pervasive sort of mentality even among the left that sort of takes offence at this hypocrisy so even though some among progressives you understand that climate change is real and that is here but at the same time you see the hypocrisy in it basically and you tend to be averse at this sort of like moralizing that the Global North institutes sometimes especially institutions such as the EU I remember there are even myths when I was growing up in American school textbooks the Amazon was shown as an international territory so it was not Brazilian territory at all of course it's not real but it sort of exemplifies that mentality so my question is how is it that we overcome that how is it that not only at a policy level but also at a communications level and I know that both of you have experienced ideas in that of course you Manon you are a founding member of the Global Alliance for a Green New Deal and I'm sure that you've had a lot of exchanges with Congress people from the Global South on that and how you can unify not only at the policy level but also at the message level so that people can get on board in the Global South as well yeah and I think it's very key and very important because we tend to do you know in some of the richest countries we tend to do policies that are completely disconnected from the reality completely disconnected from the impact on the ground and in particular in southern countries so one of the objective and one of the reasons why we put together this Global Alliance is precisely to join forces but also to adopt a common narrative that will be a stronger you know in all places of the world in particular for example you were talking about Brazil bringing in the voices from Brazil whenever we discuss the free trade agreements with Mercosur that will definitely have a primary impact in Brazil sometimes it's not true for everyone obviously but sometimes some of the you know colleagues in the European Parliament don't really you know measure the impact on the ground so bringing in the voices from the south I think is also really key it was key as well for the last cup without the success we could have hoped for but it's very key to have them on board at every stage because it help us keeping you know keeping in mind the priority the trajectory that we aiming for because sometimes when especially at the EU level when there's this culture of compromises when there's this culture of are you negotiate I do a step you do a step and to be honest being in the EU level and coming from the activist world the so-called activist world and coming from Andrews sometimes you know I'm sitting in these rooms and I'm like what do you actually know what you're talking about it's just like it feels like okay I do one step in your direction you do one step in my directions completely losing the reason why we're doing it and what is going to make a difference and it's just like my frustration that I am that I am you know bringing in there and sorry for being one way to outsource my frustration but it's you know that culture of compromise I think is killing every potential ambition when it comes to tackling climate change and here is not about who's right or who's wrong it's about you know what are the means to ensure that we stay below the 1.5 degrees trajectory and if you take the commitments from last week COP is actually 2.4 you know warming of 2.5 at global level it means that there are places in the world that are literally going to be underwater there will be more floodings there will be you know the whole agricultural sector will be damaged everything will be damaged and for sure some countries are going to face more the consequences than others and so only a global movement and with strong voices from both the global north and the global south will help I think challenging the ones that are trying to convince themselves and I have no other explanation that they are trying to convince themselves that they are acting while actually they are making us losing time A quick note before I ask basically the same question to Herpreet the comments on our YouTube chats were disabled but if they are disabled for you you just have to refresh your page and they will be enabled and then please feel free to throw your questions at us as well that we can then pose to our guests Herpreet on the same topic I think Manon gave us a great overview as to how her experience is at the institutional level I think you also had a very interesting perspective to that at a different level I know that you have this this sort of vision with regards to the different struggles that working class people and poor people face in the global south that are sometimes overlooked even by progressive voices and how to draw those connections and to build solidarity there can you talk a little bit more about that? Yeah, I think to start there is at the core of this conversation a real equity issue. The global north has used up about 60% of the carbon budget if we're serious about trying to reach 1.5 degrees which is absolutely essential to aim for the difference between 1.5 and 2 degrees is the difference between 2 billion people being subjected to heat stress let alone the other impacts on sea level rise and other impacts but a lot of the dynamics which increase vulnerability and which bring countries from the global south to climate summits asking for enhanced climate finance is the equity issue sure but it's also making countries talk about the ways in which finance systems also increase precarity so starting with an example from the global south last year Zambia missed two consecutive repayments on its Euro bond debts and its credit rating was downgraded and the IMF refused to implement a bailout unless the country agreed a new economic program and following its default Zambia's had to allocate 44% of annual government revenue to its creditors and the Jubilee debt campaign has estimated that some banks are making something like 250% profit on Zambian bonds meanwhile 1 in 2 Zambian people live below the global extreme poverty line of just $1.90 a day and you know we're talking about a context where the global 1% are contributing double the emissions of 50% of the population so there's obviously extreme economic climate injustices the fact that Zambia has to allocate nearly 50% of its revenue to creditors means that it can't invest in transitions it can't invest in the climate resilience that would help it address climate change impacts that are already underway let alone the health infrastructure that's needed to address the immediate pandemic and a lot of these dynamics are replicated within the global north as well so a piece that I recently wrote for open democracy took the example of Britain's banks Barclays for example not only one of the biggest investors in fossil fuel infrastructure in Europe the biggest in Europe in fact after the 2008 financial crash it lent a number of local authorities within the UK loans with interest rates linked to quite scandalous interference on the rates that they've gone into quite a bit of trouble for but again it meant that some local authorities within the UK were paying more in interest payments to Barclays than they were able to invest in domestic violence shelters in housing in retrofitting schemes in youth centres so part of the work that we're trying to do at tipping point is to connect the financial industry as one of the root drivers of investments in fossil fuel infrastructure and in driving precarity as well and we did that a couple of weeks ago on the 29th of October with protests starting outside the Lloyds of London which is in fact an insurance company an insurance company by the way that also profited from the enslavement of African peoples and received compensation on the end of slavery and continues to invest in fossil fuel infrastructure through Indigenous territories in Australia and Canada today and so our aim is really to look at home and say how are the ways in which our institutions are continuing to exacerbate a crisis that the Global North is categorically disproportionately responsible for and how can we have these conversations of solidarity by leveraging the power that we have in relation to the institutions that exist here so part of that work is in relation to banks and insurance companies but the other part of it is speaking through labour for a Green New Deal for example to municipalities, constituencies that are going to be buying electric car vehicles and saying yes we're not going to address the root causes of exploitation labour extractivism in the Global South but as a bare minimum when local authorities public purchases within the UK buy Green infrastructure at a bare minimum we should see procurement happening in compliance with human rights, norms international labour organisation standards and we've got good precedence on this from the Workers' Rights Consortium and Electronics Watch that have done this work for some time and we're hoping to push institutions like the Transport for London to do some of this work as well Right on a bit of a different topic now of course COP26 just wrapped up and the agreement was finalised after much wrangling and one of the hot topics during the conference and during the negotiations for the agreement as well which is becoming more and more sort of in vogue especially from Global South Voices is the topic of of reparations or I'm sorry I said the forbidden term the topic of loss and damage as it's called at negotiation tables and it was of course there were many discussions about it during COP26 eventually it was symbolic included into the final agreement which I think the language that was used was something like a commitment to initiate a dialogue to talk about arrangements for funding of activities to avert minimise and address loss and damage which to me sounds like peak communicate speak what are your views on that do you think that this can be a viable element in addressing those inequalities those global inequalities I think that it's a star as well there's going to be a dialogue next year and that's really the bare minimum that's necessary there's an estimated 200 billion US dollars of loss and damage already experienced in the Global South after storms hit and that's likely to increase to between 280 to 590 billion dollars by 2030 that's not that far away and at the higher level that amount is the equivalent in GDP of the 80 poorest countries in the world so we're talking about a huge amount of loss and damage that's going to be experienced most extremely by not only countries that are least responsible but countries that have had regimes of neoliberal economic policies imposed on them which has meant that resources labour materials have been extracted from these countries in unfair ways neoliberal austerity measures imposed on them as conditions for loans that's reduced their resilience with higher and higher proportions of their expenditure on repayments so the issue is not only one that some people perceived as a political football I think unfairly saying that Global South countries bring this up with a view to not having to mitigate and I think that's incredibly unfair because the countries that have been leading in this in the negotiations are small island developing states who bought this issue up in 1992 before the framework convention was even signed and they're the countries that have been insisting on 1.5 to stay alive and are now saying actually on the latest science 1.5 is barely to survive and they were the most powerful voices for this and for them it's consistently being brought forward as an existential issue that absolutely has to be repaired and for the US and for other countries within the EU it's unfortunately linked too closely to an idea of reparational compensation which is perceived as dangerous but ultimately countries need debts cancelled they need space freed up within their economies to print money and not have that blocked by conditions of loans and they need loss and damage climate financing as well as pledges past climate financing to transition and to adjust also met and without that we're going to see cop negotiations completely poisoned on all three levels mitigation adaptation and loss and damage unless the global north accepts their responsibility as I said 60% of the country used by 18% of the population in the global north that continues on a per capita basis to be grossly responsible for emissions and unless that core justice issue is met we're going to continue to see a game being played by more powerful global south countries and that is unfortunate but I think at the core of it the justice demands from small island developing states and these developed countries has to be responded to in a meaningful way if we're going to see progress right and when we talk about how to finance transitions across the globe obviously that consolation those reparations as well those things are helpful and fine and well but I know that from your perspective Manon something that you've campaigned for a long time and that's one of the most prominent topics in your work and Terian as well is the issue of taxation and so if you would argue that these actions are not enough that taxation needs to play an essential part in it as well first of all do you agree with that and why is it that we can't propose a well encompassed solution without talking about taxation as well well I mean taxation is key in sort of two ways one is if we don't lie to people adapting yourself to climate change and changing our economic system does cost money but the good news is we can have that money the question is what do we want to collect it but clearly if you want to change your energy sector and your energy system and invest for example to have an objective 100% renewable energies if you want to change your agricultural sector etc this costs some money or at least some initial investment so that's the first role of a well functioning tax system is first of all to collect the money we need to make the transition and the second thing is related to the social distribution of climate change impact and also the different responsibilities that different people have in short and I'm sure everyone knows this that obviously the ways of life of the poorest people is definitely having less impact on climate than the way of life of richest people if I want to put it simply and caricature a little bit that's business when it goes in the space I don't have the word in English but you will follow this I don't have the exact data in mind but it's the equivalence of millions of people's life impact of climate change and it's just like we're talking about a few minutes of Jeff Bezos life compared to millions of people obviously this is a bit more nuanced than this because not everyone is Jeff Bezos but if you take overall at global level the 10% the 10 richest percent are responsible of half of the CO2 emissions at global level meaning that the role of the tax system as well by redistributing wealth is also to minimize initially the climate impact of the way of life of the richest people that have an impact on climate change so with this kind of in two ways the tax system is very key for a fair transition the question is are we willing to change our tax system and that's why we've been pushing the whole of the tax-directed campaign at Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez as well in the U.S. is pushing that agenda and we many across the world and it's not only about money it's not only about fighting inequalities but it's also about fighting climate change and actually those two issues climate change and inequalities so the two sides of the same coin and by fighting inequalities we fight climate change and vice versa so that's why we cannot have a green new deal that doesn't come with a fair tax system meaning taxing more the richest introducing wealth tax because there are very few countries in the world that have wealth tax etc but also having much more efficient action against tax dodging which is one way also for the richest to hide money in the tax havens and not paying their fair share of taxes and to that extent the latest deal that has been done at international level on a global minimum effective tax rate of 15% is very low it's just above the rate of iron which is 12.5% which is one of the most well known tax havens it does include also some possibilities to decrease that rate I'm not going to go into the technical details there but there's been a race to the bottom at global level with the average effective tax rate of companies being divided by two in the last 20 years and the tax havens are going to sort of win the competition by actually taking everyone down to their level and when we do that we're offering the possibilities of the richest but also for some of the large multinationals not to pay their fair share of taxes and therefore depriving states of essential funds to actually help them fight climate change, help them adapt on one hand and on the other hand change the economic system to ensure that we drastically diminish our climate impact so for all of those reasons the finance issue is very important and is very often completely forgotten in all of the discussion because it does touch one of the key aspects of recurrent societies which is the distribution of wealth and money which is obviously very sensible because there's lots of people that are trying to protect their interest there I think it went on and we have a question from our audience a very strongly awarded the question from our audience the financial and economic system we live under is frankly ecocidal and managed and maintained by ecopathological insane members of our species how can we remove those influences who wants to take that one Harpreet? I will say some things I'm not sure if I'll answer I'm not sure if I'll answer the question exactly so apologies in advance if I don't I think the systems that expose people that are least responsible for climate change are the same systems that are responsible for economic precarity and how we remove those forces I guess is a question that different people respond to in different ways and in Glasgow recently I was helping to facilitate an assembly on climate reparations and there were lots of interventions made to the effect that this is actually a system that's been going on for over 500 years a system that viewed certain places and people's resources to be extracted and in his book The Memory We Can Be Daniel Voskoboynick summarises this very cogently by saying ecocide came hand in hand with ethnocide as whole landscapes changed to kind of make way for plantations with slave labour and a lot of the extractivism that is central to green transitions that are promoted even by well-meaning people within the north have the risk of replicating some of these dynamics because they are conversations that are within this current system and that's one of the things that influenced Dahlia and I to co-edit this book with over 30 people that's available for free kindly from the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation at www.global-gnd.com but in it there are lots of interventions which say that if we don't address the root of this system we're going to see proposals to not only promote fanciful technology as we're already seeing in that zero proposals carbon capture and storage which is untested and potentially I'm very problematic bioengineering which views spacious land in the global south that's actually needed for tree planting again in ways that are often very unhelpful to local communities because they're water intensive monocultures not native and implicated in displacement but also proposals that view the Middle East as empty land for solar panels, ripe for renewable energy to be created and all sorts of proposals to have pipelines linking that energy system to Europe and there's an example that Hamza Hamashen gives specifically in relation to that in the book from Western Sahara and so I think we need to be creating movements that are yes capable of winning interim demands like progressive taxation it's incredible the amount of wealth that the billionaires have made during the pandemic and Oxfam analysis recently showed that a tiny tax on billionaires could pay for global access to vaccines and still leave billionaires more wealthy than they were during the pandemic so yes I think winning reforms like that is absolutely crucial but I think as we do that we need to be politicising and engaging in public education like this event and others where people know that that's not the end of the story and ultimately we need to move away from a system that creates billionaires while half the population that struggles to have access to infrastructure and food and housing and I don't think there's an easy answer to the question how my answer is pick a campaign run it successfully bring people into your movement through it have these conversations so that once you've won you can pick a bolder demand and some analysis says we need 3.5% of people actively engaged in campaigns to mobilise 25% of people to win transformative changes and that might sound like a huge number in the UK it's about 2.4 million active organisers but once you take it down to your local level if you imagine as I am sitting in Oxford it's a couple of thousand people and we recently had a couple of hundred people come out to an event around housing precarity in Oxford so if we can connect these struggles and talk about how housing precarity here shouldn't exist a small tax could pay for retrofitting and insulation reduce fuel poverty reduce the amount of people that die as a result of not being able to play their fuel bills address the rent crisis and address climate change and there's ways of bringing these issues together so run a campaign link it to climate change because everything needs to change so everything will be related to climate change and increase your members by not shaming people for not understanding how everything is connected when they walk into your campaign and actually make them feel welcome and part of a bigger struggle and be bolder as we win reforms along the way right thank you I appreciate and it's fitting that as we move towards the end we've strike this more hopeful tone so I'm going to give a chance for Manon here to do the same Manon we talked about a lot of issues obviously a lot of things that need to change but from your perspective at the national level in France and also obviously at the European level since you are a member of the European parliament are you hopeful that we can address these issues many people aren't are you yeah I'm full of hope otherwise I wouldn't be there you know I've been working you mentioned it for Oxfam before being elected to the European parliament and I would define myself just as an activist and I'm still an activist even now as a member of the European parliament and when I was approached by actually few political parties to run for the European election my initial intuition was just to say no like this is not my world I don't believe we're going to change anything and I was kind of skeptical but then when I thought about it and when I thought about years of struggle and years of frustration as well because when you're an activist you get frustrated because you have the impression that you win the herds of people but don't win the policies and there are things that become consensual in the population but still are not implemented at policy level and you know I ask myself you know do I think that we're going to convince Emmanuel Macron Boris Johnson or Bolsonaro from one day to another to really care about climate change to change our economic system to redistribute wealth well actually no I don't you know as much as I like my work of doing campaigning advocacy and I was my work to try to convince them let's be realistic I don't think we're going to ever convince them but what makes me hopeful is actually that we replace them that all of us even though we believe and I know that's a question that is really high at the moment in the use climate movement what's the relationship with the political world and I'm not going to say that's a fantastic world I'm not going to say I'm loving it every single day I'm just going to say there are no other ways to change the lives of people and I say this to all potential activists to all the ones that care a little are lots about a planet about the way wealth is distributed and I believe like me that we are not going to convince our current political leaders then we just need to replace them and to replace them well we need to invest ourselves into politics and there are many ways to do it I'm not saying all of us should be representative and should be elected members of parliament etc but I think we need to take over and it's time to take over we're a young generation of activists who are you know we're framed our our our society and we share a lot of concerns we share a lot of the solutions and the last reason why I'm hopeful and I'm trying to leave you on this because then I'll have to brush but it's not like we don't have the solutions at the beginning of the COVID crisis there were room not to be so hopeful because there were no vaccine at the time but now there can be room to be helpful because we do have the vaccines the question is to what extent we can produce enough of those vaccines and to what extent we can distribute them to the whole world and not only to the richest countries the same goes for wealth distribution the same goes for climate change we do have the solutions we do know how we would do it I'm not saying it's going to be easy but we do know it the question is whether we do manage to implement them and to implement them well there's no other solution that take back the power for those who are blocking it at the moment and those who are blocking it at the moment were the ones a lot of the ones that were gathering in the COP26 last week in the room there are the ones that are gathering in the EU council and I'm just hoping today that all of those activists that are at the moment in the street are actually the one taking the decisions and this would change a lot of things so I'm trying to leave you on that optimistic note and on that wonderful note we're going to wrap up if you enjoyed this talk we want to know what you think so that we can discuss that together in our COP of talks we're going to talk about how we can transform some of the things discussed in those sessions into policy measures the link will be based in the chat now and we hope to see you there I want to thank again Manon Oakley and Prit Paul for joining us stay tuned for our next session we'll see you at 8pm Central European time and see you next time