So Crypto 2.0 So first of all why do I like using that term and instead of you know Using something like the Bitcoin space or the blockchain space or smart or blockchain You know, it's like using using blockchain kind of like a mass now and it's like oh, you know We are using boat in order to ship products from Singapore to Canada So it's not just about Bitcoin. It's not just about blockchain. It's not even just about Ethereum It's about the combination of no decentralized cryptographic technologies that can minimize trust It can improve freedom improve cooperation and improve efficiency in very many areas of our lives and this includes a combination of Blockchain based systems that includes a combination of other kinds of decentralized platforms it includes Even platforms that are centralized but still use similar technologies in order to increase their levels levels of Authenticity verifiability cryptographic trust zero knowledge proofs distributed hash tables lots of wonderful technological buzzwords that I'm hoping five to ten years from now will end up being a The fabric of large portion large portions of society and the same to the same extent that semiconductors are now maybe so my onions Because what chains are like onions walk chains have layers so You may have seen at least your at least one of these diagrams Maybe two three maybe four if you if you follow a Bitcoin media way or Blockchain media way much more than you should but in general we talk about kind of application stacks We talk about the core. We talk about core technology. We talk about the networking layer Talk about different kinds of blockchains smart contracts dumb blockchains with army knife protocols smart blockchains We then talk about systems that live on top of these blockchains. We talk about Smart contract programming languages. We talk about solutions for specific applications. We talk about privacy preserving layers Then on top of that we actually have the actual applications and on top of that we have the actual businesses They're finally going to make a single sense of money from the whole thing so There's lots of stuff to be done lots of different Different categories of work that need to be done Then Lots of categories of work of work to be done lots of different people involved academics businessmen developers governments Marketing sales Math security auditing just about everything So this was what the industry looked like five years ago I don't know how many people who were here work here five years ago. It was a very different place It was about a few thousand people mostly hanging around internet forums. It was Some people were selling alpaca socks We had a bunch of gambling platforms We had physical coins that have bitcoins inside of them bit munchies an actual online store that sold a bunch of various kinds of food for Bitcoin and A bunch of more Interesting stuff Here's where we are now 2016 Microsoft Azure go Ethereum on Ubuntu Deloitte to build a theorem based digital bank with New York City's consensus Republic of Estonia your residency partnership bit nation governance 2.0 Ethereum used for first-paid energy trade using watching technology UBS shedding new light on watching experimentation Possibilities for the US Postal Service Nasdaq omx so From here to here five years So this is welcome to the speed of modern technological development So first of all, what's the point? Even outside the context of crypto in general things of value in the world are becoming increasingly digital So this is a chart of the euro money supply so from 1998 to 2007 Now here it's brought put into different categories Now physical currency out of that currency in circulation only a small portion on top of that and one m2m3 Basically different categories of bank deposits all of which are pretty much entirely stored virtually So people sometimes talk about Bitcoin as if it's the first digital currency Well, guess what the euro is 90% of digital currency already domain names so the Can the ownership of the domain name private jet comm literally costs more money than a private jet? Here's another interesting example Let's look at the top five instances of any kind of crowdsourced project funding crowdfunding crowd sales and anything in the general category One of them won't name the name sold 60 million digital tokens whose value is to pay for computational cycles in the in a decentralized network Crowdsail that happens two years ago got a huge huge pile of Bitcoin ended up paying for pretty much all of Ethereum development one of them star citizen $114 million What were they crowdfunding they were selling for $500 each virtual spaceships in the massively multiplayer online game that they're themselves developing That's their that's their current business model 114 million dollars Pretty close to one billion Hong Kong So if Asia becomes like the sort of actual center of the world in the day and the definition of a billionaire starts shifting to like these those currencies then It's pretty impressive and one of them 160 million dollars sold tokens of a fully autonomous decentralized company that sits on top of the decentralized computer network So here we have it three out of five completely virtual objects Our systems for dealing with these assets Unfortunately, they're often insecure then they're interoperable black global usability, and they're pretty outdated so 200,000 Comcast customers told to reset their passwords after their data got hacked and was offered for sale App store got shut down a bunch of customer details stolen Incidents in about five years ago where major certificate authority got hacked and people Basically, we're just some random person from Iran who managed to do it in something like 20 minutes And it turns out that a whole bunch of like major websites are potentially compromised so digital state of digital security is Still unfortunately is still not very strong. The good news is Unlike with the case of physical security. We actually can do digital security much better and we can even do it much more cheaply so So I came out smart contracts the original analogy that for that Nick Sabo used for smart contracts when he came up with the concept was Vending machines so vending machines. They're kind of a smart contract implemented in hardware. You put it you put a dollar in There is a set of rules implemented in physical hardware that say when you put a dollar in some bottle of some kind of drink comes out Making that vending machine making it secure It's expensive and even still vending machines don't have an infinite security if you really want so you can take a hammer And you can break it in the digital world making the virtual equivalent of a vending machine Number one much cheaper and number two once you make it. It's pretty much unbreakable So how can block chains help so there's been a lot of interest in blockchain technology in the last year Oh may have seen this cover of the economist the trust machine So people are starting to get the idea that blockchain technology are this kind of abstract thing They can kind of make things more trustworthy in some sense that we kind of don't fully understand a lot of people have gotten to the point of kind of hearing about it from the first time and in and getting the Sense that it's somehow something that might end up Improving trust or reducing fraud in some sense or just kind of being part of the economy, but What does that mean? So what is the trust machine even mean? so in general blockchains are a Mechanism that allows you to run application logic So in an application logic can be different things could be the law the rules of a currency Good, so you know logic that says if I have 50 units of some currency I can transfer up to 50 units has some other account But not more than 50 units could be the rules behind registering domain names could be Registering various other kinds of digital property could be financial contracts could be identity management They allow in they allow you to run this logic on a platform, which is extremely robust completely trustworthy decentralized thousands of computers There's a strong guarantee that the platform is not going to number one arbitrary changes functionality number two Once it realizes that the entire economy is dependent on it It's not going to rack its prices up by a factor of a hundred and extract monopoly rents and number three It's not going to shut down. So one one testament to this There's about there's somewhere between 1,000 and 10,000 blockchains running right now Most of them aren't doing anything interesting at all most of them are just things that some guy on some internet forum spun up and As long as at least one user somewhere continues to mind them Guess what the blockchain continues to exist even if the original developer typically forgot about it and wishes it was dead so That's power blockchain technology Disintermediation so you can do sort of generalized kind of x without the x if you're if the concept of uber without the uber Facebook sign-in without the Facebook banking without banks excites you this is a technology for you so Yeah, it's it's okay, you know bankers can stay in banks. There's just going to be good visiting food banks So problem Of course one one question people ask is you know, okay trust well guess what people already trust Microsoft They trust Google they trust the government I mean fortunately making this presentation in a country or in Singapore where the government seems to broadly make sense Last time I made the presentation when I said back in Australia when I said the sentence out loud, I recall people laughing Blockchains are not at least in the near so blockchains are not about competing with them They're about creating a low-cost alternative So if you're looking for salute if you're looking for a place for watching technology might apply Think of the places where sort of strong institutional trust anchors just don't exist at all And it's going to be hard to create one because well nobody trusts anyone So think of you know some country where the government and two other paramilitary groups are at war with each other Who's going to be the bank? So one sort of nice graph that I use to describe this is this sort of notion between kind of Safety and investment or between sort of safety and the x-axis could be cost could be social capital could be a bunch of it Could be regulation could be a bunch of different things so Systems that are centralized in the developing world developed world tends to already be safe But they tend to have been expensive to build to get up to that point M event systems sort of decentralized systems right now Practically speaking they are still a bit less a bit less safe than that. There's still technological risks There is still kind of user-level security issues, but they're much cheaper in other place in many other places in the world Safety they have invested even more money that in that we had even more social capital than blockchains can provide But the level of safety is much lower. So Somewhere we have to find There are a lot of places where there is potential where the potential is basically Getting to the same level of reliability that in many cases we have now but much much cheaper Side benefits standardization blockchains are typically automated So some people who are pushing blockchain technology are really basically just pushing automation global you can use Send bitcoins from Kyrgyzstan to Guatemala just as easy as you can send bitcoins to your neighbor Just exactly the same low fees cheap The fees are somewhere between five to seven cents Now that said in the case of Bitcoin specifically fees have been going up a bit lately But I'll probably talk about that later in the governance section Interapplication into operability applications on blockchains can talk to each other and because of the way that smart contract immutability works The interoperability is actually even more reliable than each of it then the blockchain at the applications are relying on themselves So useful in a bunch of different areas So there's clearly a lot of potential and unfortunately and ultimately it is the job of a Combination of blockchain enthusiasts people and people in suits Business people who hopefully won't be wearing suits because I think suits are stupid and a bunch of other And a bunch of other groups to figure those areas out, but I think clearly we're getting there So let's talk about decentralization So blockchains are decentralized technology, that's kind of the whole point so Just to sort of be a bit controversial here scaling Bitcoin conference in Hong Kong last year Those of you who are kind of in the know probably know that thing on the left is a picture of the nine major groups of Bitcoin miners or Bitcoin mining pools together. They control about 80 or 90 percent of the Bitcoin network on the right I have the Bank of England's monetary policy subcommittee so Have to sort of think exactly what first of all what exactly what level of decentralization are you getting here? Is it necessarily even Just a decentralization by itself or is it decentralization coupled together with something else? Is decentralization just the number of people involved in making a decision or there are also other factors like How hard how easy or how hard is it for the people to coordinate do the people in these communities? Have a sort of history and a culture of coordinating are there social expectations that they can or cannot do certain things Realistically even though these nine miners create all the block create most of the blocks If they were to start printing a hundred bitcoins for themselves every ten minutes Well, my Bitcoin client would just reject their blocks. So their power isn't unlimited so decentralization can mean many things but At the end of the day from a technological standpoint Well, obviously there's still one of the sort of interesting research direction of figuring out if we actually can create blockchain protocols that are More you more decentralized. I think it's possible. We just have to switch from proof of work to proof of stake and do a bunch of other things so Some of course argue that blockchain that this is terrible blockchains are a threat to the distributed future of the internet and What does this bright person from the period of your foundation say we should switch to the distributed structure of servers? So just to sort of give a bit of context here before blockchain technology existed There were was an established community of people who were trying to create kind of more decentralized applications And this is something that people have been wanting for kind of if for quite a long time They don't like the idea of like one company sort of can be kind of like being like Facebook and controlling entire network Effects and being able to extract huge monopoly rents from that technology we were using before is Basically, they were saying let's still have an application based on you know users connecting the servers difference is anyone can set up their own server and people may even set up their own server and The system there's a protocol by which the systems can talk to each other So this person is a bit bearish on blockchain technology for these use cases. Thanks. We should stick with the server model So I think he's completely wrong The first reason is the the one major platform that took on this model was a diaspora So this is a sort of social network that tried to keep you with Facebook back in 2010 So this is isn't really pre-Bitcoin, but in some sense it is sort of pre-blockchain decentralization Turns out first of all No, in general, I am kind of fairly bearish on freedom box. I'm fairly bearish on anything that calls itself the Bitcoin computer I'm not Even you know any project that tries to call itself, you know the Ethereum computer quite quite possibly as well any projects that Might seek might succeed, but in general my viewpoint is users do not want to maintain their own servers. So This manual or TAGA says barriers of entry are associated only with knowledge and the cost of infrastructure very low Well, yeah, you know, of course you buy a buy a freedom box for a hundred dollars. You have your own server Problem is in reality. It's not just about buying your own server It's about making sure your box is connected to the internet a hundred percent of the time Making sure that the internet connection is robust making sure that you know If if it crashes it automatically it starts up again quickly so a whole bunch of sort of maintenance tasks that practically speaking people really don't want to do and The thing is, you know people For myself personally all I have is a laptop that lapped for maybe somewhere between 12 and 12 and 16 hours a day That laptop is turned off or at least suspended. So Server model don't think it works well and ultimately server I think users will probably want things that they can just use off of their existing computers So if people can't kind of maintain their own servers themselves, what do they do? Well, they just kind of use third-party services Now the advocates say this is fine because while these services can talk to each other. It's a common protocol This ignores reality for two reasons. One of them is in practice it and still ends up being pretty centralized So in the case of diaspora, there's one of these kind of centralized servers and called join diaspora comm Has about 49% of the market share And the second piece of history that people needs to remember is this sort of embrace extend and extinguish concept if All you have is an open standard Then what you have is a standard where if one particular group manages to get market share Now of course in the case of diaspora all these people Ideologically believe in decentralization chances are joined diaspora comm is not going to do anything evil But if we're talking about sort of mainstream adoption Then practically speaking if one major player gets market share Then that player can eventually start making their own extensions to try and quote improve user experience Make those extensions proprietary over time and then eventually deliberately make themselves incompatible with a network And they'll force everyone to go with them so my opinion not long-term stable and in my opinion one of the interesting things about blockchain technology specifically is that it's Actually a kind of open standard that forces you to really rigidly stick to it and not make any kind of extensions If you make an if you create a blockchain client that that extends itself That's called a hard fork and guess what you're going to fly off the network and nobody's going to want to use your system again So it's a system that does use a very powerful kind of force of inertia to actually make sure that the thing remains open And the thing remains standardized so What is decentralization? Kind of hard to say I mean first of all there's obviously these sort of different debates on how to how to measure it But then you know there's also sort of graphs like this people talk about centralized decentralized distributed In my opinion this characterization is completely useless because nobody really agrees on what decentralized and distributed mean So I prefer my own my own characterization three-dimensional compass number one politically centralized politically decentralized Is it controlled by one company or is it actually a system that's kind of controlled by a lot of people together? so Then architecturally centralized is it Run on one server or is it run on a bunch on a whole bunch of computers that talk to each other And finally is it logically centralized does it feel kind of like sort of one central thing? Or does the view kind of feel sort of more more distributed river and kind of sees it in a different way so You can have different combinations of this so for example There's lots of major gaming companies that use torrent networks, which are architecture decentralized as a way of spreading updates to the To their games that they're making to their users Politically centralized. They're the ones pushing the clients. They have authority over the network, but architecturally speaking It's very distributed and again, and it has efficiency gates from that Look at something like a lot of political systems tends to be pretty decentralized voting is pretty decentralized everyone can vote Mechanism that enforces it. It's pretty centralized logically decentralized so Torrent networks logically decentralized nobody even sees what all of the files are everyone has a different view There's not really sort of much coordination and consistency in them And if all you want to do is transfer files around that's perfectly fine Blockchains are logically centralized. There's one view it pretends to be a single computer You know that's we call a theory of the world computer and I Archaeological essentialization is actually a good thing and it's precisely the real a major reason why Blockchains are such an easy platform for people to develop on and why they've been kind of Successful in ways that previous forms of decentralization even if they may have been perfectly adequate have failed So by the way just as a quick aside People sometimes argue that you need proof of work is basically the only way to get Decentralization the only way to get sort of truly secure blockchains in some sense completely false so Proof of work is one kind of security mechanism There are obviously other ways to run blockchains you can have proof of work You can have proof of stake you can either there's even this concept of consortium blockchains where basically you choose like Some like 20 or 40 like known people from around the world give each one of them a node have a kind of blockchain between them that's perfectly fine and I would argue that that's pretty tamper proof as well because convincing all those people to go along with a tampering attempt is Realistically also not it's it's hard to say that it's that much more difficult than convincing these people to all accrued with each other Whether you're talking about the miners or the Bank of England Monetary Policy subcommittee so blockchains and standardization so see Standardization so problem that happens in the real world very often people wants to how you know There's a bunch of standards people wants to sort of make a standard that covers all you all use cases so Problem is of course nobody has the ability to actually manage to do it So I would argue that if you want to sort of create a good open standard There are kind of nice properties that you want your standard to have So you know you want it to be sort of reliable You want people to kind of perceive it as being neutral and you want it to sort of be perceived as being kind of Independent and not controlled by any single commercial or political entity and you want it to be difficult It's to make to do this kind of embracing extend attack off of it So I would argue the reason what a lot of blockchain plays actually are standardization plays And that's perfectly fine because watchings do happen to have the side benefit of Actually having all these nice properties so Let's talk about government applications 2011 the primary government application of watching technology was a note making governments lives harder So you may have heard of black market reloaded, which is a totally legit market You may have heard of dark leaks anonymous. We sell a good formation a bunch of other or not anonymous marketplaces Basically, if you were in the government in 2011 to 2013 you saw blockchain technology and chances are you were looking at this 2014 so this is the place where sort of blockchain developers decided to sort of take the more Canadian route and try to kind of apologize for the first three years of the blockchain industry as they tried to Basically do the classic signaling thing and got a bunch of advisors to make them from from securities commissions to make themselves a look more impressive and look and look more legit so Bit pay Valorum probably a bunch of other examples way too many to list That's Now here we are in 2016 So this is another one of those slides where I have to kind of carefully lay things out hexagonally because there's just so much impressive stuff happening UK government awarding 258,000 pounds for a Ethereum prototype so this is the company called Tremonex, which is doing essentially a kind of fiat current currency back digital token Russia's national settlement depository testing and e-voting system Proof of identity on a theorem. This is a kind of link bit a link between sort of Estonian e-residency and the Ethereum blockchain Credits are doing some kind of KYC blockchain looks like KYC blockchain is the new buzzword these days Ukraine government doing something postal service has a nice report mentions a theorem a couple times therefore it's good So it's changing Now the question is of course, what is this going to look like in 2020 now quite possibly I mean, I hope there's going to be so much interesting stuff happening that each individual box is going to be less than one pixel You're not going to be able to read any of it so In general stuff to keep in mind Number one government services are services to stuff the government does is all is also stuff It's part of the economy There's no reason why in general the kinds of things that the government is involved in should benefit from blockchain applications any less than the private sector so Governments may trust themselves, but do they trust each of their own employees so I think inside of large institutions They're still trust problems inside of go between different government departments quite possibly between Even inside of large corporations, some of them are actually structured in a kind of fairly sort of globally distributed way They might not even have perfect trust between themselves Third point a bit a bit controversial, but important I think a lot of people are scared of blockchain technology because the major news items that they saw was 2014 Bitcoin exchange called Mt. Gox collapsed and it turns out that it was like missing 500 million dollars of its depositors Bitcoin and I Would argue the Mt. Gox collapse is actually an argument in favor of decentralized crypto technology and not against it So here's why Mt. Gox first of all, it's a Bitcoin exchange. Sure. It has connection to Bitcoin, which is a blockchain Fortunately, we don't have anyone seriously saying that it's the blockchain, but so the but practically speaking Aside from that, it's a centralized service It's a it's a thing run by one company or it's a company run by one guy who is absolutely not transparent People sent their bitcoins into what they pretty much had knew had to blindly trusted So it's the exact opposite of what we're trying to do here There are actually possibilities to use blockchain crypto technology to do things like Number one have an exchange make create cryptographic proofs every second Proving that it continues to be solvent and it has all the bitcoins that it needs to line up with its with the deposits Number two you could even sort of these partially decentralized the sort of crypto exchange business entirely 95% at least 90 to 95% of losses from exchanges are actually cryptocurrency losses So the thing that you can do is sort of separate the market in half Where you have an exchange that we're all it does is it issues a token backed by some fiat currency So the only thing you're trusting them with is the fiat currency then you have a decentralized blockchain based exchange between no dollar tokens or or you know, Hong Kong dollar tokens Singapore dollar tokens say euro tokens and Ether Bitcoin whatever else you want to buy then decentralized exchange keep it with trustworthy You don't need to trust anyone only the fiat currency part has some trust components But because that's 20 times smaller. You've reduced the trust risk by about 95 percent. So There actually are possibilities to use Descripto and smart contract technologies to Recreate a lot of these financial systems in ways that you don't even need to sort of shuffle the trust around You literally shuffle the trust around to the point where it just disappears There's nothing that needs to be trusted because it's because the assets are literally directly under the control of computer programs that everyone can see so That's not the that's one one example another example is quite possibly something like In general investments ranging from crowdfunding to sort of VC investments Don't need to get don't need to give people the money immediately could give it to them in tranches could put it into a smart contract Smart contract gives it out on a schedule and it has some rules that say if certain conditions aren't satisfied then the money stops So lots of possibilities So first of all In general many governments and I've talked to a lot of them personally They're perfectly fine with blockchain technology You actually be surprised or even perfectly fine with the concept of decentralization If quite often if it's cheaper that and and more efficient and it provides what they want they actually are willing to go for it Last point scalability matters So in general blockchains right now Bitcoin could do three to seven transactions a second a theorem could do 15 If you want to create a system that processes all stock transfers in a country You might need something like 10 to 100,000 transactions a second so us technology people still have a long way to go Talk about security So quick tour through Bitcoin land in June 2011 Bitcoin talk member all in vain lost 25,000 bitcoins after an unknown intruder somehow gained access to his computer the attacker was able to access all in veins walled That file and quickly empty out the wallet Either by upload sending a transaction from the computer itself or uploading it got hacked into his computer. He lost $500,000 Okay, so hacking is a problem. Well, let's make yours Let's try and store your passwords and accounts in a way that's so so secure that even you can't access it Bitcoin developers Stefan Thomas had three backups of his wallet and encrypted USB stick a Dropbox account and a virtual box virtual machine However, he managed to erase two of them and forget the password to the third forever losing access to 7,000 BTC And there's a bunch more if you read this particular article, there's like another four examples Now, of course centralization itself has its flaws mount gox Now that's about money. Now. Let's look at Ethereum land smart contracts programming Here is someone trying to make a decent a sort of toy decentralized casino on the Ethereum blockchain Of course any kind of any kind of decentralized casino needs a random number generator. So the guy figured, okay I am going to just write the function that just generates random numbers I'm going to write it put into smart contract code. The thing that the guy probably didn't realize is that no Putting your random number generator seed in a function and calling the function private doesn't mean that it's private guys It's running on a public blockchain so what happened is some guy basically managed to kind of Sort of simulate simulate transactions on his local machine over and over again and kind of pretends to run the transaction See what the results would be and then eventually published You know kept on publishing transactions only when his simulations showed those transactions were going to win And so he managed to drain this casino of pretty much all of its money So that's a sort of pitfall smart contract programming. Here's another one Got an application that application has Basically has the job of kind of paying it paying out a bunch of people in sequence In this particular case you might notice there's a different there's two variables here There's payout cursor underscore ID underscore and there's payout cursor underscore ID with no underscore If you don't look at that carefully you might not realize that those are two different variables Payout cursor underscore ID underscore gets incremented every time the money gets sent the other variable does not So the contract pretend looks like it pays everyone in reality. It just pays the first person over and over again So an obvious and yeah, I mean the and the first person who participated in this particular contract is totally not the creator of the Contractor who thought we did not do this deliberately And more so trust for utopia is a bit harder than it seems So the question is how do we avoid this without bringing back this? How do we avoid sort of the sort of security issues of decentralization without But without doing it in a stupid way that just gives us centralized gateways all over again, I think we can now finally Talk about governance so Back in 2013 the and you know back in the original days The intention was for these systems to be kind of completely apolitical systems that had no challenge governance challenges whatsoever Because you have a protocol. Oh Satoshi dreams up Bitcoin. The protocol is perfect. It needs no changes whatsoever And all the innovation has to gets to happen on top Simple right so back then the major criticism was basically that well Maybe deep what is according to again as far focus deep politicized currencies We're just we're not capable of having having monetary policies that would that would be economically optimal under many different kinds of circumstances so He thought that the decentralized or deep politicized currency could exist. He just didn't think that it would work well Here's the problem in rate. Here's the issue that happened in reality So on top now this is all in the context of the Bitcoin block size debate Andres Antonopoulos. I believe this is called a Mexican standoff So just to give a big a bit of a background here Basically, there's sort of two strategies right now to trying to kind of increase Bitcoin scalability One of them is this approach called segregated witness and other one is this approach called basically a hard fork They just sort of pushes up the the maximum size of a block. So theoretically you can use both of them together There's one point. There's one political party called core. There's one political party called classic core prefers This the seguit approach classic prefers just pushing the look pushing the limit up So core or is the group that basically controls the development process? But over here, what do we have basically one of the mining pools refuses to kind of approve the segregated witness unless the code for the for the hard fork to increase the limit gets released first and Andres is calling this a kind of Mexican standoff and that you have these sort of two groups that are kind of standing off against each other And they're at this point kind of stuck in an impasse So I once the Wikipedia looked up looked up mechs that are Mexican standoff In popular use the term Mexican standoff is sometimes used to refer to confrontations in which neither opponent appears to have a measurable advantage Historically as many commentators have used the term to reference the Soviet Union United States nuclear confrontation during the Cold War specifically to the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 Now if this isn't politics, I don't really know what is so Basically fact is these systems do have political challenges They are not just kind of magic things in a box that are sort of completely immune to kind of human social political constraints And what what sort of computer geeks have lately been realizing is that basically no just the simple facts that your Institutions are written in code doesn't mean that you get to escape the category of human social process that we describe with the word politics So it's harder There's also now we also have this interesting concept called DAOs So one of them just got got a hundred fifty million dollars DOs are kind of interesting challenges and governance is that you actually use sort of smart contract code in order to kind of encode the rules Under which assets are controlled really interesting model Now that said it's still a very early one So the first DAO turns out that the code in that in the DAO has some kind sort of in scientific compatibility issues And it turns out that the governance algorithm isn't isn't quite perfect And there are some concerns that sort of bias it toward voting Yes, even for bad proposals and so people are kind of right now The project is kind of slowing down so that it sort of so that it kind of has some other time to Basically upgrade its code to always get have we solved those issues before it really starts voting on proposals So governance challenges in DAOs in other category of governance challenges There's still happen this something that hopefully will get resolved in the in the next couple of years But ultimately it's gonna have to iterate decentralized companies on the blockchain are an experiment and You know realistically, I think we're going to see many of them I think we're going to see people trying lots of different approaches Some of them will fail some of them will succeed could be very interesting so Blockchains of the future So the goal at least for myself is think of it as the kind of decentralized operating system Think of it as the kind of basically your platform that lets you do Theoretically everything that you can do with applications today with minimal losses to Scalability latency privacy, but with the gain of decentralization and cryptographic security So create a kind of platform that lets people sort of choose a security trade-off something wants that lets people create Tries to be as much of a kind of in almost invisible invisible layer As possible but provide security at the same time this obvious we takes First right not not this kind of DLS Obviously takes scalability concerns obviously takes sort of privacy challenges and ultimately Building the applications so stage one is building the applications. That's happening right now with your aim has about 220 of them Stage two applications need to get actual users And of course need more pandas. Thank you


The following is a production of New Mexico State University. I don't know how long we have to wait because I have to talk to the dean. I'm going to present this paper at the end of the month. Let's see what the secretary says. She probably knows how long we have to wait. Excuse me. When can my dad see the dean? In about 15 minutes. She just had to review some reports with one of the advisors. Thank you. We have to wait like 15 minutes. But 15 minutes for you is like half an hour. I'm hungry. Can I go get a candy or soda from the snack machines? Excuse me. Mr. Sierra, do you mind if I practice my Spanish with you? I have a class tonight. And I overheard you speaking with your son. Sure. Go ahead. Do you want a cup of coffee? Yes, please. And if your son wants a snack, Mary in the next office is selling some candy for her daughter's school. Van a Chihuahua a presentar un concierto en la universidad. ¿Puedo ir a comprar un dulce, papá? Sí, como no, hijo. Las podemos ayudar con su fundraiser especialmente porque tu mamá fue a esa escuela en Chihuahua. ¿Tienes dinero? Sí, papá. Where do I get the candy? Allá. En ese cuarto tiene los dulces. Thanks. Que buen hijo tiene usted. Gracias. You and your wife should be very proud of him. Well, my wife died three years ago, pero mi familia me ayudó con él. We're a very close family. Que lástima, que se murió. You know, your paper for the conference was very interesting. The dean was very impressed with it. ¿A su cara o crema? I'm black. I can help myself. I become more of a coffee drinker now that I've been writing my dissertation. Eso pasa con los grad students. I just bought some decaf. Hopefully that's a little bit healthier. You know, su hijo habla español muy bien. Gracias. It was his first language since my wife was Mexican. It's important that he knows his heritage. ¿Cómo está su café? Muy sabroso. I bought something for all of us. Un dulce para ti. Cookies para usted. Un dulce para mí. And also a soda for me. Perfecto. It's my snack time. Gracias. How nice of you to think of me. Pero yo traigo mi snack de la casa como comida nutritiva porque no quiero ganar peso. Déjame ver que dice la etiqueta. You actually read those labels? Todo el tiempo. I learned about them at school, but I didn't think anybody really paid attention to them. I never read the labels. What good do they do anyway? Las etiquetas tienen mucho información. But I just usually look at the fat content. You're not fat. Gracias. No estoy gorda porque busco en la etiqueta las gramas de grasa. Fat grams? That's on there? Let me see. I never look at these labels. Nutrition facts. There's a lot of information here. Serving size, vitamin C, calcium, percentage DV. Who needs to know all this stuff anyway? ¿Cómo tienen formación? Te apuesto que la mayoría del público no las leye. Ni tenemos tiempo de cocinar como puedo leer todas las etiquetas. If we started reading all the labels, we'd never get anything ready for dinner. Do you cook? Oh, yes. I try to eat pretty healthy things. I bring different snacks for my break time or if I have to work late. Let me show you. Today I brought some yogurt and some carrots. Híjole, ¿Cómo tiene snacks aquí? Jugo, diet soda, muffins, cookies, popcorn, fruta. Do you pack a lunch for your kids? No, no tengo hijos. Me and my dad take turns making our lunches. We buy those packaged meals a lot, más fácil, but we always try to make something for dinner.  Sounds like you have a close family. Sí, somos una familia unida. We're going to a family reunion next month. Oh, una fiesta de familia.  Oh, esa comida que ya viene preparada tiene mucha grasa y cuesta mucho. Yes, but the packaged food saves time. A veces no tenemos tiempo en la mañana a hacer los lunches. Uh, what is your name? You help me out all the time y no sé tu nombre. Margaret. Margaret. That's nice. I'm Santiago and this is my san fide. Oh, let me get that phone. Soda and candy, when you mix those two things, that's like drinking salsa water with your food. It's no worse than chips and salsa and all the tons of coffee you drink every night. She's really nice to me when I come to see the dean. Leó mi papel y le gustó. Did you notice she didn't have a wedding ring? Ay, hijo, ¿qué me estás buscando, la novia? No, papá, pero todo el tiempo estás con amigo o con grandma y grandpa, tía Lisa.  Eat your candy. Deja ver los dos labels. Protein. Well, that's good for you. Protein and candy? El mío tiene tres gramos de proteína. Mine has five grams of protein. Fidel, try some yogurt. Thank you.  Those low-fat cookies turn in zero grams of fat. These have 4.5 grams of fat. Ay, 4.5 gramos de grasa. Can I see those labels? Sure. Look, the serving sizes are different. Mira, those low-fat cookies tienen casi el mismo número de calorías que los regular cookies. What? I never noticed that. Déjame ver. How complicated. Es más fácil comer fruta o verdura. La manzana no necesita un label. That's true. Fruits and vegetables don't need labels. I can't compare a cookie to an apple. But I think I'd rather have these regular tasting cookies than these cardboard tasting ones. Margaret, that's cool that you read the labels and bring all that healthy stuff to work. You should listen to your own advice, Fidel. Ay, papá, tú también tienes que comer más healthier. Can I see your candy bar? Sure. Candy bar, yogurt. The stuff isn't too bad. I suppose one candy bar de vez en cuando doesn't hurt. Pero kids at school comen dulces para lunche cada día. They spend $2 or $3 a day on junk food. $3 en dulces cada día? Tendrán mucho dinero a esos estudiantes que compran dulces cada día. Yo no puedo hacer eso. All this talk about food reminds me of how hungry I am. Let's go eat at El Gordo's café for dinner and we can relax. I don't have any homework. ¿Quieres ir a comer con nosotros, Margaret? How nice of you to include me. But can I take a rain check? Tengo mi clase de español esta noche. Oh, the dean is ready to see you now.  ¿Qué le hace? La visita era más importante que comer. Come on, son. Let's see if you learn anything about international business. Invitar a la Margaret que venga a comer con nosotros los sábados. Matchmaker. Gracias. Por la lesión y la nutrición. No, no, thank you.  Ahora voy a leer las etiquetas todo el tiempo. Tal vez podemos ir a comer juntos. We'll bring the dessert.  The preceding was a production of New Mexico State University. The views and opinions in this program are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the NMSU Board of Regents.


Yes, the answer is yes, Aloha United. We stand one of the great charitable organizations in the state And they make it possible to talk to some of their beneficial organisms beneficiary organizations And one of them is the American Cancer Society and our old friend Jackie Young is here She has been for many years a chief staff officer of the What do you call it American Cancer Society Hawaii chapter? I guess right and she retired a few years ago Yeah, so but she's back to talk about that. I'm back to talk because I stayed on the Hope Lodge campaign committee Ah, and I have great news today. Yeah, our building is built Hope Lodge is built the Clarence T.C. Qing Hope Lodge Doors will be open for a grand opening next Saturday in November 19th from 12 noon to 4 o'clock and then on the 29th We'll be accepting our first guest. I have a recollection that is very near the Hope Lodge is a place where people from the Neighbor islands can come and live while they're getting cancer treatment at the medical institutions in Honolulu Am I right right up the street right up the street from Bishop Street on a vineyard Avenue to 5-1 vineyard Avenue Behind the gas station next to dog the bounty hunter's office Right a little little cul-de-sac there and Thanks to Clarence T.C. Qing the naming there who gave us the first three and a half million dollars to start our campaign And the doors will be open. We're just so excited about that. I'm a lovely building. How was the capacity? 20 rooms so and it's for there's a double bed in there are two single beds And it's for a patient and a caretaker and we're hoping to welcome Neighbor Island people and people from other Pacific Islanders and people who live an hour away from Honolulu 40 miles Or an hour away so people out in Waianae north shore, you know Kahuku You know the traffic is really bad and they have to come in and get treatment and rather than fight the traffic They can stay there with a social worker or doctor's note that they they're going through cancer treatment. Yeah, so Is this cost to them free it's free it's free lodging. It's really wonderful because one of the Stressors of having cancer is having to worry about how to pay for pay for the transportation Especially if you're from the neighbor island Even if you're from the other side of the island from Kahuku and north shore driving in it's not easy to drive in anymore You know so to come in and to know you can go for treatment You can spend the night at Hope Lodge without charge We also have a van there that will be taking them to their treatments, you know So whether it's at Kaiser at tripler at Queens all the hospitals all the hospitals wherever they're or doctors cancer Doctors office, you know, we'll be able to take them there That is a big stress because driving in Honolulu is not easy Sure, and if you're not feeling well to begin with oh my god a hassle and yes cabs are expensive even uber cabs Yes, yes, but it's the traffic, you know the traffic So and they how long can they stay because sometimes, you know, this this kind of either chemo or Radiation whatever it takes is over a fairly well, you know, we're the 33rd Hope Lodge in the United States So we've already learned that they probably say up to 15 days They can stay some of us overnight, but they can say up to 15 days Frankly, there's a woman in New York who has stayed there over a year because her treatment has been so intensive and so Specialized as the only place nearby, but she doesn't at least have to worry about her lodging, you know So for us we don't expect that because we are close to our homes here But people will probably be staying up to 15 days Well, you can be flexible if there's if you're not maxed out in terms of the number of people in the 20 we have only 20 rooms, you know, so that's our maximum and when we're at full capacity We expect the 20 rooms, but from the neighbor islands about 600 people a year 650 people a year Come to Honolulu for some kind of special so you probably will be maxed out Yeah, they come for a pet scan they come for specialized treatments They come for clinical trials at the University Cancer Center So they can come and stay there instead of having to go and wait two hours at the airport fly back, you know back and forth and Worse getting hotels Oh, and when we started this a few years ago hotels, you could get a hotel room for $150 a night. I don't think you can anymore all the prices for the hotel rooms have gone up Even discounted rates that we used to get about 130 dollars is not available anymore hotel rooms are booked You know hotels would set up kind of so the special Well, they have they have for us when they have free rooms They let us know or when they not free rooms, but available rooms and we have a agreement with them But so that would be in addition to the whole car is always an issue have an excess of people You can place them in the hotels at discounted yes, but but discounted rate again. It's it's now hovering around $189. It's not cheap anymore. It's less than the $300. They pay as a walk-in You know, but it's not cheap and we're talking about the pagoda and the outbreak of resource The outbreak has been really great, but the other hotels also have been wonderful in sharing their discounted rooms You know, I remember early oh ten years ago when I was executive director And I'd be on call on the weekend for emergency calls and I remember getting a call from Kona a gentleman in the ambulance with his wife going to the airport asking on a Sunday if he could stay at one of our discounted rooms because his wife was coming back for a treatment and it was an emergency and Asking us can he please stay at a discounted room because their budget was really low So we made arrangements quickly for him to be okayed But we have emergency people people who you know handle emergency calls like that But hopefully now we can go straight to Hope Lodge and they never have to worry about that. So how Who manages them? This is an American Kansas Society white chapter Facility, but do you have a manager on site? We have a we will have a resident manager on site We also will have a facility manager and then volunteers You know, we're a great volunteer organization Yes, you are and people have already signed up to be a volunteer there to sit at the desk to welcome them to check them in to To show them around to you know, tour the facility. So yeah, we'll have volunteers That's one of the things that impressed me when I came up to see you I've made a movie on OC 16 about Yes, and You introduced me to some of your volunteers who happened to be there that day and I was so impressed with we still use them You know road to recovery.  I mean 20 rooms 600 people Can it handle it? Will there be another Hope Lodge in our future? Well, no actually 600 people 650 people about that many come from the neighbor But of that group maybe 480 or you know 500 people need a room We'd like to give them that option. Yeah, you know, some of them will fly back on the late flight Yeah, but some of them given the choice may decide to stay so you know trying to manage this as as the exclusive American Cancer Society Hawaii chapter Hope Lodge you don't have plans for a second one. No actually the land is very expensive and we thank Queen's Hospital For giving us the land there at a dollar a year for 60 years So we paid the first 20 years, you know 20 years 20 years least at a time is renewable the next 20 the next 20 Yeah, and Queens did ask us if we could add another floor to it because it's in a prime location It's a block away from Queen's Hospital, but we're in a capital zone So we're limited to only go 60 feet high so and we and and also the footprint has to be large enough to have a Garden it has to be a certain way because of the punch bolt to capital Oh, yeah, so we can't build any higher and and the density, you know, we we looked at property in Waikakee There were properties there that was offered to us But again the traffic now for nearly as attractive No, and you know one of the things that people don't realize they think of Queens and Kaiser But there's coakini, you know, there's a strawp hospital. There's tripler and What started this whole thing was a pastor from Kauai who was a veteran and Had to go to Tripler for his chemo and radiation and Asked the congregation to ask their friends in Honolulu if they could put him up this happened in 2006 So he had to rent a car and drive it to Tripler Hospital Now Tripler has a Fisher house that they Stay there, but it accepts all kinds of patients not just cancer patients And it's full to the gills almost all the time because they come from the Pacific area and to Fisher house So they've been very cooperative with us and they're happy that we're opening a Hope Lodge in Hawaii So veterans veterans will be staying there going to Tripler Hospital people don't think of it that way But the wonderful thing about Jean is he did something about it after his experience He wrote an editorial to in the star advertiser and said we need a little advertiser Advertiser at the time. That's right and said we need a Hope Lodge in Hawaii. That was in 2006 So I called him up and I said would you be able to come to Honolulu and speak to our board? And they said of course and Joe Wyckoff, you know Joe who's chair of the board welcomed him and he spoke to the Board and said we need a Hope Lodge. It's not that easy now to just say okay We're gonna build one we had to demonstrate to the national organization that we were capable of raising the money They they weren't sure because we're such a small community But the need was so large because we're separated, you know, we're islands separated by water So first we have not really an affluent community either. Well, actually raise money Well, actually we are but there's so many organizations and thank goodness for a lower United Way Yeah provides a safety net for you know all of us non-profits, but We they told us we had to raise money for a research grant first and show that we could fund that Before they would give us the okay to go ahead with the Hope Lodge. That's where Dr. Larry Say was stepped in So he gave one of your major He's one of our major contributors. I remember that's my visit to his wife had died of cancer Yeah, and so he funded a research grant or why you'll dr. Why you'll show me at the cancer center and then said he would fund that grant once he said that they said, okay You can look for land and when you you know find the land and get everything going will go So it was in 2010. This was your project by pride. Well, you were the I guess staff officer Exactly, yeah, and so we looked for land in 2010 the board signed a resolution saying yes 2010 so six years raise 12 million dollars 12 million that was a pretty nice facility for $1,000,000 Well, the facility itself probably cost about 8 million, but we had to have a reserve for operations You know, we don't want to open the door and start begging for money right away We welcome contributions because it costs about five hundred thousand dollars a year to sustain it Well, let me let me go back to the money then so you got the one dollar a year for the land Yes, three and a half million from the Clarence Ching Foundation. That was really great Yeah, I remember I attended one of it was organized by Joe Wycoff for example a fundraising dinner at one of the hotels Yeah, where people were making contributions But you know, I that's what did you say you ultimately came up with 12 million dollars? Yes Well, I would say the major foundations in Hawaii the Atherton Foundation I I'm you know would be remiss if I started naming them because I will miss them out But Hawaiian Electric American Savings Bank Bank of Hawaii everybody's been all the the major foundations pitched in and saw the need and and gave us Larry Rodrigues their co-chair, you know, Fred pop Fred Trotter was there and he died of cancer But Larry Rodrigues stepped in and co-chaired with Dr. Larry Sue and Jim Schiller, but Jim was living in the mainland Yeah, so he would fly in every other month and when he did we would have a meeting and he's been a wonderful Chair for the Hope Lodge This is a great success and now it's coming and it's so appropriate. You're here on this on this Program right now. The thing is opening next week Saturday. It'll be a big party I hope and you'll be able to celebrate your success in this project Yeah, and let me name some other names to wait. Okay, we're gonna take a break. Okay. We come back When we come back, we're gonna name names. You'll be interested That's Jackie young. She's a retired chief staff officer at the American Cancer Society in New Wano, and we're talking about What are we talking about? Hope Lodge giving hope of giving hope at home Join us at Think Tech of Hawaii. Our show is Asia in reveal Our next program is on November 17 This is Johnson Choi your host Aloha, I'm Richard Emory. I'm with co-host Jane Sugimura of condo insider Hawaii's weekly show about association living the purpose of these videos is to educate board members and condo residents about issues relating to association living we hope they're helpful and that they assist in resolving Problems that affect the relationship between boards and their residents Each week Thursday at 3 p.m. We bring you exciting guests industry experts who for free will share their advice About how to make your association a better place to live and answer a lot of very interesting questions Aloha, we hope you'll tune in Okay, we're back live with Jackie young your retired chief staff officer at the American Cancer Society in New Wano giving hope a home talking about the Hope Which is right near Right near a queen's house on vineyard Street. Yeah, two five one vineyard, okay So, I mean great success. I mean you were there at the American Cancer Society a long time But this is a great achievement Let me emphasize one person spoke up gene redden and see rode a rodent editorial in the An op-ed piece in the in the advertiser and we saw it and we we took that and ran with it And and he's coming back for the grand opening. You'll be here, you know, so we're very excited But so many people so many community. I mean the Aloha United Way has been wonderful We fit right into their safety net of helping people to get well and their quality of life Yeah, so you wanted to name some names Jackie Interrupted only because you know, I mentioned Joe Wyckoff and and Becky Ward was our current chair But but Steven IE, you know, Ross Baker. They were all chairs during this period The doctors Darryl Corsado Paul Paul alive. They were really wonderful. Dr. Carla nip Sakamoto They're all great in in providing us with that and and what I had here is a little note When we when the board agreed to do this Somebody handed me a $10,000 check that day and it was in 2010 and she said please accept the enclose for laying Foundation setting windows and roofing the house that hope built and it was Mary friend Williamson And her husband dr. Thomas Benny Wilson from Kauai From Kauai and I kept the note because it was the first. It's very touching. Yeah money Came in right away Yeah, and since then we've had like on Maui Martin Luna who was a very well-known Lawyer and he had cancer died his family has put into put together Martin Luna a room there you know, so Maui has a room and the different islands have their rooms and It's just a wonderful They'll feel comfortable when they're there. There was something I wanted to read some Person said that hope lodges like a cocoon that when she was sick She went to hope lodge and and she felt like she was taken care of and and so was her caregiver And when she left she felt she was coming out of the cocoon and that she was healing you know a place of safety a place of safety and I Remember going to Molokai when I I went to Molokai Hospital And I announced there that we were going to build a hope lodge and immediately tears The nurses there broke out in tears because they said so many of their patients Declined to go to Honolulu for treatment because they couldn't afford the plane trip They couldn't afford to stay there People falsely think they have family that people from the neighbor islands all have family here And they can stay here when they're going through treatment, but even if they did it's crowded in in Honolulu So I'm problematic. So they would just not take the option of getting treatment. They would just No option.  So I just had my second cancer a year ago I had breast cancer 18 years ago, and then I had kidney cancer at a kidney removed last year. How are you doing? I'm doing fine.  So I totally empathize He had an anal gland cancer he had a two-hour surgery, but now he has to go to chemo every three weeks So I totally understand his lack of appetite and his Lethargy, you know because I went through the same thing. Thank you for sharing that I you know Can you tell us your your view of it your view of cancer where you know how people can best deal with it? Well, the way to best deal with it is to know your body, you know So and to know your body you have to you have to feel it Well, you know my daughters of it one of my daughters of vegetarian She said you wouldn't put sand in your gas tank. So don't put bad food in your tummy, you know So, you know, we have a saying in the American Cancer Society eat a rainbow That's the best advice rather than telling you particular foods to eat eat a rainbow Drink lots of water don't eat so much processed food Exercise, I mean those are common ways to keep yourself healthy for everything But know your body enough that if a lump comes up if there's the thing about cancer There are symptoms that come late But there are symptoms that come early and the early ones are little lumps that you may feel and in Hawaii You know for melanoma, that's a concern and Martin Luna was Filipino. He was dark. He had melanoma. I mean so it's not The color of your skin you can get melanoma of your dark skin, you know So don't think you're immune from the sun just because you have dark skin Also, we have a campaign for colorectal cancer if you're over 50 years old be sure to ask for a colonoscopy Once they find them and I went through that because I had polyps and they were removed once they're removed They don't grow into a cancer. So that's an early Detection that stops cancer also. So smoking smoking has gone down That's why the cancer center is having a little difficult time because the cancer center was built on the Tax money money Would continue but the we did such a good job educating people that smoking rates went down And we don't know the effect of e-cigarettes now though electronic cigarettes. It's not good No, it's not good But that went down and that's a good note But but the cancer center is a wonderful addition to our community They have some Significant clinical trials that they are offering to people and to be able to offer it to the neighbor island people is also good Not just to Honolulu We are no Honolulu forget that when you live in the neighborhood is as wonderful It is to live on the other islands. We actually have high technology on this island Yeah, the other islands aren't able to have the high tech machines that we have and we have more efficient In one place. Yes. Yeah, I mean they have a lack of doctors on the neighbor islands, you know So but they do have on colleges there But it's the technology that brings them to Honolulu brings them to Queens Chirpler coquettie straw, you know, I wanted to I wanted to take a few minutes with you and talk about cancer in the country Yeah, well possibly the world and can how it affects the The mission of the American Cancer Society and how the cancer society itself changes to meet the changes in medicine in technology That's a big question Sorry, but I actually have been to India on a with the American Cancer Society to share our success in tobacco education I went there and and did a seminar on on that and access to care Yeah, I visited some of their hospitals, which are not as Sanitized a lot of the places are not as sanitary or as as we have it We're clean freaks in the United States went to Vietnam and we did the same thing there in Vietnam We educated them but in Vietnam you had people going in the streets with trays of cigarettes giving them samples You know, so it's like really fighting the the tobacco companies And they are really bombarding the Asian countries with ads, you know, but American companies American companies, but we've worked with China for instance when they had the Olympics there to have them banned smoking in certain Arenas so we actually American Cancer Society made agreements with them so they don't have yeah So we have learned that we can't just be Strictly with the American Cancer Society We need to be global because what we do impacts the world We do it as the invitation of the other countries and we share our information We definitely have the technology in the United States. We have the education. We have the means to really Reduce cancer in the world and early detection is really key Yeah, and you're funding research. What kinds of research do you fund? Well, we have a research branch at the university at the American Cancer Society in the national office and We actually have People come to ask us they apply for special research grant And this is why the Dr. Y. Lil Xiaomi that Dr. Larry sue funded He had a special thing. He was looking for I've looked at his publication since then and if they're groundbreaking You know when they show markers and in your blood that show you that you might have cancer Those are the kinds of things they're finding as they look more and more for ways to do early detection And his research is in that way looking for a marker, you know And there are other research like that, you know where they're looking for certain ways to test blood to test for colon cancer without the Without what people want to avoid which is you know going you know into your rear end and the Colonoscopy there are ways to go down this way now and look so there's just all kinds of ways to make testing easier when you make Testing easier or you can find it in the blood. There's even a breakthrough a teenage boy Finding a marker for cancer in blood through blood tests and it isn't yet spread But those are the breakthroughs that are that are we can look forward to in the future. No magic bullet though Because they're over a hundred different kinds of cancers, right? I mean there's not just one cancer We we think of it cure cancer, but it's cure cancers It's plural over a hundred different so I have to deal with each one each one and each one has a different marker You know a different way you have blood cancers, and you you know have organ cancers, and you know mark to Kai You know unfortunately died at a young age, you know from cancer pancreatic cancer Which isn't which is a killer. Yeah, and then you have other people that have brain cancer, and you know, but for our children 85% of their cancers have now given them a quality of life where they're living in they're living into their 20s and 30s Where before they wouldn't get out of their teens So for leukemia and other childhood cancers, they're able to to you know, give them a better quality of life We're just excited about this is there more cancer in the world now today, or is it we have seeing more cancer that Always in existence. I think it was always there But when people died they frankly didn't want to talk about it because they say it was sort of taboo That if you had cancer in your family your whole family would be like, oh, you know There's bad blood in your and so people didn't talk about it But way back I think Betty Ford happy Rockefeller Well, the women who first said they had breast cancer and talked about it and that made all the difference And now you have our making strides where people wear pink shirts and in the month of October and are out, you know marching but the way to really cure our cancers is to fund cancer research our ACS can which is our Advocacy group that's the difference that's happening now is that we're putting much more effort into advocacy So if anybody listening wants to join our ACS can call up our 1-800-227-2345 number and ask how they can be an advocate for cancer We need to support the Cancer Center University of Hawaii Cancer Center because it's really It's really going to be central in what we do in Hawaii and they do some really important They do some fantastic work, so please support the University of Hawaii Cancer Center fund our research programs You know on the mainland and the National Institute for Health We lobby Congress our four representatives our two senators to their wonderful in Supporting as they all understand they all they all know Brian Schatz's father I believe passed over but Maisie's been wonderful our two senators Tulsi You know has been really good and Colleen has always been behind us So we've got great people in Congress, which we will and I don't think we're conscious of this We actually take action on it. We build things like you know the the Hope Lodge Yeah, and so we are ahead of the game, aren't we well, and then when you look at the cancer survivors We have about 80,000 cancer survivors and now it would fill a low-estadium three times over That many cancer survivors to the point where people Don't talk about it as much as they used to but there's a cancer survivor Everywhere you go and it's not necessarily a death sentence these days No, and that's I mean, you know, I'm an 18 year breast cancer survivor by the kidney removed one year ago You know my dogs a cancer survivor, you know, so yes We can deal with it.  Yeah score. She she knows it personally. She knows it for the years. She's spent no legislature She knows it from the American Cancer Society From their facilities here and especially now including now hope has a home I hope has a home so if I want to go how would I go next Saturday November 19th from noon to 4 o'clock show up But I will be there I'd be glad to show you around and parking is a central middle school across the street There are lots of parking there and just walk in and you'll see what a comfortable place It is, you know just that really there'll be a kitchen there You can cook your own food.  Yes