I've been in the public market since 1992 as a lawyer, investment banker, head of compliance, board member, and due diligence person. I have no one answer on how to raise money. For me, raising money is a process, not an event. And it's a process that takes months if not years to successfully raise capital for a project. We're in the back room talking to the people at Damasco about their next stage of financing, which I think is half a billion dollars to get the project into development. And the way you raise money for that project is fundamentally different from how I raise money to go explore a junior cobalt property. Everybody up on the panel has different experience in raising money at different times in different ways. Paul? I have none. When I first started as a writer and editor with Investor Intel, Tracy gave me one piece of advice. To successfully market anything, you have to market it for what it is. Now that makes my job easy because I see three aspects to any endeavor. There are the people moving it forward, the events they face along the way, and the ideas motivating all of it. So to market something successfully, all you have to do is see success at those three levels. When you show that, the company markets itself. My job's very easy. Thank you. Tracy? We're just saying how we are in this business or what we think we can do. I've been in this business since 2001. I moved from marketing music to marketing public equities. I was the co-owner and investment banking firm for seven years. And I've owned an IR firm for just about 15, 16 years now. And of course, Investor Intel on three dozen online investment blogs over the years. So at the front end of the pipeline are the junior explorers, Denny, myself. We raise money for it to go explore. We need companies to help us do that, and that would be you. That was a set up, by the way. You're supposed to just jump into it. I'm a partner in First Republic Capital, which would be a boutique investment bank out of Toronto. We focus on financing microcap companies, typically anywhere between $250,000 up to $10,000,000. I think in the last three and a half years, I think we've done about $67 million in financing and growing. And I think our niche is that we only stick with microcaps in very early stages. When a company begins to outgrow us, then we would literally hand off to other firms that are bigger than us that we partner with across the street, across the country. Now what is one key aspect that you look for when you're deciding whether or not to find out something? So there would be three key aspects. Number one would be management, because if you invest in a deal and every deal usually never goes the way you plan, we leave that up to management to make sure that they have plan B and plan C and plan D and plan E. And so management is absolutely critical. I think the trend is even more critical, ironically, for raising money for companies than the management, unfortunately, only because when an industry is trending, valuations are higher. I'll give you cannabis as the example right now that we're all going through.  And if you look at marijuana, which is a commodity, at the end of the day it's really almost the same thing as growing tomatoes. So there is going to be a run here, but eventually this is all going to come down to which companies are the cheapest and the most efficient and most effective to grow. Would you buy a tomato grower for a thousand times next year's revenue? So that would be a big question, but in terms of raising money, that trend in an industry is hugely helpful. That happened in mining as well, I think, between 2003 and 2007. And that happened again in 2009 to 2011, where valuations are in a lot of ways and that trend is going to be your best friend. I think the third aspect that we would look at is the structure, the equity structure of a company. So if we're selling debt, it's a different story, but if we're selling equity, then the structure is going to be the most important part of it. So I think where you have a lot of microcaps, only in microcaps, I'm not going to go like mid-caps or large-caps, but in the microcaps, I think where the challenge is or what we definitely look for is how are these deals structured. You get a lot of shell companies where you have people that get a ton of very inexpensive stock, and then within a month or two, they're selling stock for five times its value with no real fundamental changes happening within that company. So I think if we're going to buy into a company and there's too much we would consider cheap paper at the end of the day, then that would probably be a risk for us wanting to put our investors' money into the company. So I would say, yeah, it's three things. It's a trend, it's the share structure, and it's the management that we would look for in investing in the company. So with junior explorers, and we raise money a certain way, Nano-1 has had to raise money differently. If I understand correctly, you've done one financing. We have, and with us, we had the benefit of doing a very strategic financing early at our debut into the public markets two years ago, and obviously a very key component to a lot of financing is your warrant side, which you use your price above your IP or your first placement price. We had the luxury of putting that out, having enough capital, and raising enough money to get us through certain milestones that the market saw us achieve those milestones as we grew, so we gained confidence with our investor race. The big win-win for everybody is when you actually get to a price above your warrant and those warrants get into the money, which becomes another financing event for oneself without having to go back to the market. We actually managed to get all of our warrants exercised completely, which brought in an additional $3 million into the company.  You can plan it out properly. That money was strategically worked with government grants, so we did another kind of financing and helped ourselves complementing that. How much did you get from the government? Today we've gotten about $4.5 million in non-diluted financing, which is non-repayable. A grant? A grant. Okay. Yeah. And then finally, before we get into the real meat of it, the other end of the pipeline then is the stock exchanges. We have Rob from the CSC and Arlie from the TMX Group. We haven't had to raise any money lately, but we very much did when we launched our exchange back in 2003. So we've been there and done that, even though we're still a private company, but we did raise a fair bit of money from a lot of shareholders. And what's been happening in the past couple of years is that the regulators, the senior regulators have been introducing more exemptions to the prospectus requirements. So it's easier to do rights offerings. It's easier to do not even a rights offering, but a placement to existing shareholders. There are other exemptions, and this is beyond crowdfunding. And I would encourage people to look into that or these alternatives. There's even an alternative south of the border called Regulation 8 Plus that's only open to American and Canadian companies. One of the companies listed on the CSC is the first public company to make a Regulation 8 Plus filing. They're hoping to raise a few million dollars. Who is that? And it's called True Leaf Medicine. True Leaf does hemp and cannabis for pets, I believe. Right. So it's another innovation. And I guess the trend is their friend. Sorry, I'm tucked in the corner here. Yeah, hi. So I think all of my fellow panelists have made really great points. I think there are definitely key fundamentals in attracting investment and speaking to the street. So good management, delivering on your promises and your objectives. But at the end of the day, just in the mining sector alone in Canada, we have over 1,300 public mining companies. So there really is a lot of work that companies do have to put in in order to get their name out there and differentiate themselves from their peers. And that's why conferences such as this and things like what Tracy and her team does are very important. All that being said, I think we have a bigger challenge in industry and one that we all have to work on together is really more broadly engaging the public and retail investors in our industry. And I think maybe that even goes beyond just our industry, but in the public markets in general we see fewer and fewer young investors, young retail investors, particularly in the mining space. And that's something that TMX Group at Toronto Stock Exchange and TSX Venture Exchange, we're trying to look at new innovative ways to get your stories out there, get those stories out there to the streets to retail investors. And I think you'll be seeing a lot more of that from us, from a digital marketing perspective. But I think it's something, I don't have the solution here today, that we all need to think about how do we effectively get that information across to retail investors that don't necessarily have the technical knowledge that most of the people here in this room do. And many of these projects are often complex, but that being said, I think there is solutions that we need to come up with in order to help get that message across. Now, can you give us one of these innovative ideas that you've had? Yeah, so I think you'll be seeing a lot more in the works from us, but I mentioned yesterday in my presentation the TSX Venture 50 program, which we've had for a number of years. And traditionally it's been that we rate companies based on their liquidity, on their share price appreciation, and a couple of other metrics. But recently what we've done is we've transformed it to be more of a digital platform. Recently we used to place ads in the newspapers, hoping to attract retail investors. But now what we've done is we've had each of those companies come in and put together a short video that we are throughout the year pointing out through different means of social media and trying to target millennials, younger investors to be able to engage in that. As well, we've launched two apps that one of them is just called TSX Invest in It. And what that does is it shows you the current financings that are open. So the day after a financing is announced, whether it's a private placement or a prospectus offering, that financing is up on the app. So one, it gives you a good way to track what's going on in the market. I personally check it every morning just to see what types of companies are attracting financing. But also as a retail investor, it gives you an idea if there are open financings out there that you could participate in. As well, we have another app which shows you the companies that you can sort by project location in terms of commodity. So let's say you're looking for a cobalt project in a specific jurisdiction with a market capitalization in a certain range. The app will generate that list. So those are some of the initiatives that we're taking. And I think we're looking at a lot more and any of suggestions that any of you have, I would be happy to hear about it. No, this is a panel that I would like to jump in and say, what we've done is we've hired Paul Boxerman, and we're going to make him a host, Orly, so that we can have, you know, and Kelly Burr, the creative director, young millennials to represent the market. And I think we need to have some success stories. I mean, I know at Investor Intel, I don't publicize this because I'm not proud of it, but 96% of our audience are men. And we need to also expand to the retail audience and get young ladies. We need to have some dynamic stories, which we then use digital marketing to say, hey, you know, Paul, well, in university, he taught himself how to trade. And he's now worth, you know, 50 million. That's the kind of story that will expand interest. That's what I think. I would agree. And last week I was in London at a conference put on by the Northern Miner. There were a lot of, you know, the top names in Canadian mining there, and that was one of the major theme that Robert Freeland was speaking to is getting more millennials involved in our mining companies with a fresh perspective on how things are done and some amazing things that he's experienced. And there was a whole panel talking about that, and I know innovation is the big topic, it seems to be, these days in the sector. But I think engaging new fresh perspectives is really important and something that we don't see often up in the industry. And I think Tracy's right. There is definitely a typical demographic you see when you go, you know, not only at an investor intel event, but any sort of mining conference, investor conference. Exactly. And that's something that we see quite often, where it's a fairly shallow net that's cast. And it's odd to see when you have a goal of wanting to market something to everybody, you know, when you have something like Lithium, you have something like Cobalt, and you want to create a product that services the entire world to only have such a minority of people that are actively involved in that. Now, I just want to go down the line and get perspectives of what is being done or what can be done to widen that net to introduce more people into the world that they live in day-to-day. I've been very active in this small microcat market for many years, both as an investor and as a principal in mining technology on gas. There's been a big change in the last number of years, strategic, sorry, not strategic, excuse me, but a structural change in the market. The large financial institutions have pulled all our support for the microcat market since we know you can't, you can have a $100 million account at a big bank and your broker will have a hard time getting a private placement for a small cap company too. So that's created a real challenge. It's narrowed the market, for now I don't think it's permanent, but it's made it a real challenge for microcap companies. I agree with a lot of the things that have been said. The whole social media area is massive. I think if we learn how to utilize that property, we'll get more eyes on what these markets are doing. Anthony mentioned trends.  So it's a challenge. It's changed a lot and it's up to small companies, small cap to medium cap companies to work with that change. Thank you. Two Dennis's points of the things changing. One has to look at what the street looks like. The street's no longer what it used to be a few years ago. The street's a global street. Everybody takes their information a different way. You look at everybody in the room here, we all get information from companies and what news flow is coming, but we all receive it in different ways. Some will pick up the phone, some will prefer the email, some will prefer social media. Everybody has their own element. So I think the balance to that is there isn't one solution. It isn't social media. It's a balancing act that one company has to do is market across all the platforms. So if you want to broaden that street perspective and market to the whole street, you need to have several programs into effect. And have you found that there's any methods that have gone obsolete? Like I spent some time going door to door, knocking, selling, whatever. I've spent some time telemarketing as well. And I mean, they're tried in true methods. They've been around forever and they still work. Are there any examples of something that just no longer works? People are just wasting the time now if they're still in it? Well, it's about our allocation of your resources. How much time do you have and what is your audience? If you're a young tech company, you're going to be more appealing and more of your resources will go toward social media. If you're a tried and truly mining crowd, which is an over 50, 60 man crowd, they're a different man. They prefer to call and speak to people. So depending on your audience, you have to know your investor base whether it be institutional, whether it be retail and what are the demographics of those people? So I would definitely say each company would have to look at their own marketing budget and allocate the budget according to where they're going to get the most effect. They should know their own investors and just put the funds accordingly on that side. So if you are a tech company, I'd say heavily social media side. But on the other side, go for email campaigns or perhaps newsletter writers or people who have a broader voice. It's a great way to meet larger crowds. I think nothing's on the table, off the table. Anything that gets used. Correct. So again, I would agree. I think every probably company has different objectives and different investors that they're targeting. But I also think there are some interesting things being done in the industry just as a whole that focus more on educating the general public on what the uses of all the things that we take out of the ground are. So the Ontario Mining Association has a campaign that is entitled, if it's not yours, it's mine. And it's all about the different things that we use every day, our cell phones, our hockey pucks and what actually those things are made up of and that those do come from mining and it's changing that perception. And I think that helps get people engaged in the industry and understanding the importance of all of the hard work that's being done here and funding that hard work for medical purposes, for everyday recreation, for our jobs, for flying everything that we do. And I love this panel. I think it's fantastic. My answer, very good question by the way, I'm impressed and I didn't help them at all. For the first time in our lives, you have to market to three different generations simultaneously and as Paul mentioned, you have to have a certain, you know, a call out. You have to treat people with respect in a more sophisticated manner. We still have professionals out there that still use double the spaces after a period. So they want a well-written letter so you hire someone young and they write high and put smile faces, doesn't work. So that's how you have to handle the baby boomers with respect. You have to set up formal meetings. You have to send thank you letters, that works. Then with the Generation X, they like video content and content and well-written content still works. And then with the Millennials, they don't read any of the content. You have to have video and you have to have 45 seconds splash and they don't like sophisticated videos. So you know, what works today? Absolutely everything.  This is a great panel here. The number one thing I see that blows CEOs and managing directors' efforts to increase their stock is really simple, them. They talk down to people. They look annoyed when they're talking to the shareholder or potential shareholder. They look like their time is too important and you never know when there's a billionaire sitting at the table with you nowadays because some of these Millennials are wearing, I know a couple of billionaires in New York. They're in their 20s. I don't even recognize them. They're so sloppy. Orly, I wouldn't recognize, they come up to me. I never remember them. So the old rules don't apply anymore. You gotta be nice to everybody. You don't know when you're being filmed or recorded. It's a whole new game. I agree with most of that except I think you've always said to be nice to all the people. In terms of marketing to the different demographics out there, I like to look at it as kind of a layered approach where you have the sound diets, you have the 45-second videos. I wouldn't recommend tweets because it's really hard to get something out in 144 characters. But there always should be- That's untrue. Well, there always should be something to back that up so that people can dig deeper, so that you have to have the full package. So you can try the social media, you can do the videos, but you also need to have the stuff that's behind it because some of the people want to look at all the details. Some of the people want to be able to go to your website and drill down. Some people maybe more than three want to read a 43-101 report. So I think I'm more or less agreeing with what Tracy said and that is you should try a lot of different things. I mean, it's definitely a valid point without the substance. All you have is smoke and mirrors. I think to be effective in marketing, especially well, definitely in the microcap space, it's also on a matter of trust. So who's sending the message and what's their background? What are their qualifications? What have they done in the past? If you don't have trust in marketing your message, then I would say it's fairly ineffective where you're wasting your time or your money. So I think it's A, who's delivering the message and then which channel you're going through. And if you're gonna hire like a letter writer, you know, that just did five previous letters on companies that all completely went down in price, what's the reality that someone's actually gonna read that letter and take it seriously or be affected in terms of actually wanting to buy based on that letter. And I think that's reputational and it's trust and marketing comes down to, you know, making sure that the people and the message is the truth. And it's based on some backdrop that is foundationally strong. I just wanna take a moment to return to what Tracy said about professionalism and symbolism and one of the things that I've been feeling as someone in the new space is nowadays you don't know who has money. The guy with a mohawk covered in tattoos may be a tech billionaire and you just walk by an enormous investment. You never know. So the question I wanna ask is, is there too much value being placed on being formal, too much value on wanting to make the right appearance versus providing the substance, providing the trusted, the expertise and showing that you know what you're talking about rather than just looking good? Get all those together. I don't think you can cherry pick any of those. I think you gotta work with all of them. You've gotta be correct. You have to have substance. Your first message is your most important message and you can't get the type of detail in your first message that Rob's talking about, but you do have to have it there because people will dig down if they're interested. Your initial thing in all events is to get attention to what you're doing, how you do that, how you differentiate yourself, whether it's a management team, whether it's special assets, and once you get their attention, then you have to have the substance behind it.  Nobody wants to hear the moderates. They wanna hear the extremes. They wanna hear the God is dead. They don't wanna hear, well, then maybe this and then maybe that. So, I mean, how does that tie into this?  Otherwise, who's listening? Well, that's true, but I mean, you can have, everyone's got the best gold property in the world in their company. So, is it location? Is it the management? Is it the grades? Is it the size? You pick what you have and you highlight what you have. As Anthony said, it's gotta be real and it has to be true. And then you do your best with what you have. You can't make it up. Well, people do, but that's not right. I beg to differ. I would definitely agree with that. I think it's a combination of everything. It's your ability to build a relationship with someone. It's your actual project, your actual company, the management behind it. I think all of that as a package is really important in order to get your message across. But I think what really comes across when I hear presentations or speak together is the passion that a CEO or any management or a board member of a company has. And that's something that you really feel that makes a difference. I think when someone is passionate about what they're doing and believes in it, I feel that it has a really big impact. I'm curious, Paul, because you said you beg to differ. So we were on the same page. What are we missing here?  Remind me on what it is I differ. Well, I can answer this question for him. I mean, Paul, what you need to do is you need to have a bigger team. And that's what's different today. That's what's changed in the last 10 years of doing IR in my experience. You can't just have one person. The teams that I think are the most effective and orally, I'm sure you're gonna agree with me, are the teams that have several different people. They have the really crazy passionate person. They have the very conservative old guy. Where's Fred Cowan's when I need him? You need a different wide spectrum of people. You need the Paul Boxterman's, the younger gentleman on your team to go in and you need to know your audience. You need to know if I'm going into New York City, I better have someone who's a type A who can talk quickly and push back or I'm gonna get eaten alive. I don't need the nice guy when I'm marking on Wall Street. I need a person with edge or I'm not gonna sell any stock. When I go to Montreal, that's a whole nother crowd. Are you higher insiders in different areas? Vancouver's a different market too. Dennis, what do you think? Oh, they're all different. I mean, every investor is different. Every investor has something they like and something they don't like. But you have to find your audience. That's the real trick right now.  They're investors and you have to find the investors. If that's what you're doing, marketing your company. We're search minerals, okay? So there's a great example. Greg is in his own backyard. He's building up the family following. He's gotten the company now to the next level. He's got everyone in Newfoundland. All the families are probably doing kitchen parties. And then they all buy stock the next day. Like you said, you gotta know what you're doing. You gotta go close and you gotta be real, as Anthony commented. Yeah, when you wanna move up to the next level, I think what you really wanna do is look at a company that's already had you. Look at somebody that's gotten somewhere that you wanna be and try to figure out how they got there. Who's invested in their stock? Maybe they're potential investors in yours.  Where did they get their success? And maybe those are some of the things that you should be doing as well. If I can make a comment on some of that. I think it's one thing that every company should keep in mind. And that is two Tracy opening remarks from yesterday that trust is the new currency and you're alluding to it too Anthony, that trust and confidence from the investors is earned. It shouldn't just be given to you because you've got a great resume and you've had success in the past, doesn't mean they're not investing in your past. They're investing in your future. So I think a company has to really be patient with its investors, be truthful and open and honest with them, but have the patience. They're investing in you moving forward. Keep the communication lines open. Earn that trust, earn that confidence over time with the different aspects. Keep the communications open. And with that, over time, if you hit your milestones, I think you will reap the rewards of that confidence that they gain in you. That's brilliant, Paul. And Steve Mikowski actually wrote about that. And he says it takes time to build trust, but once you're there, you're in the game. So in a Randy rifle of Chesapeake Gold, he sold two companies now for several hundred million. So he goes into his third company. Everyone's all in. He's built his trust. I mean, that's the thing is, trust is the thing that you need to build on every end. You need to build it on the production end in the boardroom with the corporate. You need to build it both downstream, midstream and upstream. You need to have it at every integral joint of the project. Otherwise, the whole thing is gonna collapse because if you can't trust any one point of it, well, the whole thing falls apart. Are we done? You're moderating this. You need to pay attention. The only comment is, is this something? Not only comment, as I've never seen Peter Clousy so quiet in a town on my life. If I could add one thing. I knew it would last good. Stay current on securities legislation. The regulators are in their own god awful way trying to help us. And they are eliminating some of the barriers that we face. Stay current on the regulation. The new crowdfunding rules in Ontario and most of Canada, horrible, don't bother taking advantage of them. But the new rights offering rules, very good. The existing shareholder exemption allows you to raise money from an existing shareholder up to $15,000 every year. Without a press release, file a form. It's all you have to do. It's the equivalent of a rights offering without having to trade the rights. No one as far as I know has done it yet. That's been an existence for a year and a half. So talk to your lawyer, talk to your advisors, talk to your broker, talk to investment bankers. Stay current on the changing legislation as well. Do we have any questions from the audience? Yes, Chris. It's interesting to hear these comments about the Canadian retail market. Because I've written quite often recently about the superannuation funds in Australia that have created a massive body of money. An agent maybe can give us some info on that. But I think it's in the order of $3 trillion. Something amazing. But what it does is if we went to it, they'd never been created. The Australian equities market would be exactly the same demographic profile as the Canadian market. Elderly people going off to their stockbrokers, they were dying out anyway, giving them an order, having a chat with them, and people in their 20s, 30s, even 40s, never having entered a stockbroker's office in their life. Now because of the obligation of Australians, all of them, to have these self-directed funds, or they can pass them over to someone else to manage them, but if they're self-directed, you can have people in their 20s and 30s with this reasonably sizable and growing case of money that they can spend in the equity market or in some other approved investment vehicle. I've thought more and more since the slump of 2011 began that Canada really needs to do something like this, not just to create a big pension pool, but to actually create an investment pool. Because I perceive that quite a lot of the, that a small amount of money that was available in Canada was just money that was going in very high rotation. They're going to a financing, then the financing would be flipped and they're going to another financing, and when it all came out in the wash, there wasn't really actually all that more capital at the end of the day than there had been at the start of the super cycle. And as we've seen now, there's been a fraction of, and there's been enormous value destruction. The strains pulled back from the market in 2011, but now they've come back and Australian companies for a like-on-like company and Australian gold company producing the same amount of ounces as a Canadian one, the Australian one has a valuation that's probably twice as high. Because there's sort of captive audience with a gun against its head and these people have to put the money in. And they're in the demographics that you want to get in. Anyone care to comment on that? Just to put a bit more flesh on that. Our superannuation rules, 9% of everybody's income goes into a super account. Most of it actually goes into managed funds. There is a big chunk, which you're talking about, which is self-managed super funds, so people can have those, but typically your younger population doesn't. I look more like an SMSF person than my children do. So, but it is really important because there is a lot of capital which is available and looking for a home and I think that is important. I think the other thing though, which is influence retail shareholding in Australia is that a number of very large government, you know, state owned enterprises were actually floated in the 90s and the 2000s.  So I think those things do make a difference in Australia. Just generally speaking on this issue, you know, as I listened to all of this and I think I've told you before, I'm a marketer by trade. Just go and do marketing 101 guys. You know, I mean, this is just a different market with a different set of consumers and you are talking about a different set of propositions and a different set of channels to contact them. It's actually not all that difficult. It's just getting the right selling proposition for each of your target segments. I see a lot of that challenge is not necessarily the financials and marketing are difficult. I think for a lot of junior companies it comes down to resources to be able to market. So many companies don't have the time to be putting towards marketing where they want to be spending time focusing and moving forward their project. And so there's often that conflict of how do you allocate your time through it with a small team appropriately between getting the word out there, raising money, marketing, and as well moving forward with your business plan. You cannot get the check signed on the first call in most instances, right? So you actually will have had to have made, you know, once again, it's just like any good sales calls.  It took me three years to get you, Amanda. I think a very big, another component to it is keeping your messaging clear. And so I see we've all heard it. Make sure a 10-year-old understands what your message is. We all in an industry, whatever it be whether you're in mining or whether you're being tech, you tend to get lost in your own. You forget that other people don't know what you've learned and you need to go through a little bit of an education process with your investors and be patient with that. Educate them along the way, especially the new millennials because they are coming in snippets of tweets and so on. They're not learning on that but it's a path to go somewhere to learn more. But the key is, is read a press release to a kid. Read the first paragraph to a 10-year-old kid and tell me, does he get the message? What's he hearing? You're hearing one thing, but what are they hearing? And if you can keep it very simple, I think that's how you differentiate yourself from the crowd. Your message will actually be understood. That's a very key component to marketing to people. And I think that's a great place to stop. Hey, no, it doesn't, it takes a genius to take a complex idea and phrase it in a simple way, not to take a simple idea and phrase it complexly.


Genomics, which is the study of all DNA in an organism called the genome, is changing the way we practice medicine, how we manage and treat some previously incurable diseases and our relationship with society at large. Since the 1950s, double helix and DNA have become household words, standing in for the historic discovery of the four chemicals that give us life, commonly abbreviated as A, C, G and T. Genomics is at an age of innovation and invention like no other, all thanks to how strings of those four letters encode the information for creating and operating something as complicated as a human body. Springing forward from the success of the human genome project, a massive reduction in the cost of sequencing a human genome and the dawn of the CRISPR gene editing era, genomics is leading into an even more audacious future, a future that will define our collective lives for decades to come. But what could this future look like? Here is a summary of ten bold and fantastical predictions made by experts at the National Human Genome Research Institute and the genomics community for the next decade of human genomics. While most are unlikely to be fully attained by 2030, achieving even one or more of these by that time would have lasting impact for science, medicine and society. Prediction 1, sequencing and analyzing a complete human genome will become commonplace for any research laboratory. Prediction 2, the role of every gene in the human genome will be known. Prediction 3, environmental influences on our genome will be routinely used for making predictions about health and disease. Prediction 4, genomics will no longer use social constructs such as race in human research studies. Prediction 5, student projects involving the study of millions of people's genome sequences will be regularly featured at school science fairs. Prediction 6, genomic testing will become commonplace in medicine just like a standard blood test is used now. Prediction 7, it will be readily known if a given letter difference in a person's DNA is clinically important. Prediction 8, a person's complete genome sequence will be available on their smartphone in a user-friendly form. Prediction 9, advances from human genomics will benefit all of society and not just a few. Prediction 10, genomic discoveries and technologies will help cure more genetic diseases than ever before. Where do we get there? The National Human Genome Research Institute is committed to leading research to make such predictions a reality. Learn more about the institute's 2020 strategic vision for the future of human genomics by visiting genome.gov.com. Dive deeply into a field that continues to transform medicine and will hopefully continue to bring curiosity, purpose and compassion for people everywhere.


Okay, so I have a definition for you up here for what homeostasis actually is, and it's good to have a sense. So let's dissect this definition so that we can break down the nuances. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment, and organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the human body. So notice that we're talking about a relatively constant internal environment. So in a homeostatic system, it isn't like your body temperature is maintained at 98.6 all the time, and if you go to 98.7, you are now out of homeostasis. You're in a relatively constant maintenance, which means you kind of go all over the place, you kind of range within a set range, and the parameter that you're maintaining in the internal environment stays mostly constant in that zone. That's an important point. Another important point, possibly more important for our original discussion of homeostasis is this concept of the internal environment. What is that? Hopefully you are sort of going, it's inside the body, yeah, but we can actually define that the internal environment very specifically. The internal environment, okay, well, let's start out by looking at the fact that basically you are a bag of fluid.  Look, the human, and watch. Oh, yes, that is the human. Now, in the human, approximately 60% of the human is fluid of some sort. And the other 40%, what is the other 40%? Now think about this for a second. Think about connective tissues. Oh, go back to your anatomy days and think of what is a connective tissue? Remember that connective tissue is cells in a matrix of ground substance and fibers. And the ground substance was fluid. It's a specific kind of fluid. Think about your cells themselves.  You have cytoplasm, that's a kind of fluid. Think about your blood.  So about 60% of you is fluid. That fluid, that is your internal environment. However, you might be like, dude, that was easy, perhaps, perhaps it is so. But I'm going to show you that actually the fluid that we're talking about, the 60%, there's different kinds of fluid. And we're going to break it down because functionally, scientifically, there's a couple of fluid compartments that are easier to monitor and measure than others. And so when we're talking about the internal environment, we're going to talk about a specific part of the fluid in the human body. So I'm just looking at the fluid now. You know that the other 40% is like, dude, it would be the fibers. It would be the matrix, the stuff that isn't watery. Dude, you've got lots of stuff that isn't watery. Think about your organelles. Think about the cell membrane. You could deflate it. And then you'd have a little solid pile of deflated cell membrane. That stuff is not fluid. Okay, the fluid breaks down into two flavors. And the two flavors are separated by a structure that I'm going to draw, and you have to guess what it is. All right, ready? Ready? Okay. Go ahead, start trying to guess what is this structure. Mm-hmm. You might not be able to guess it yet, especially if you don't know me very well. Don't worry. If you know me at all, what am I drawing? What?  Oh, now I'm drawing people standing on the legs of the people who are standing on their heads. What? What is that? Come on, you can do it. It's a cell membrane, right? The cell membrane? Yeah, those are my phospholipids. Yeah, yeah, yeah, the phospholipid bilayer. You know you've got that. The cell membrane separates my two fluid compartments. So what do you think my fluid compartments are? Well, 66% of the 60% of fluid that makes up the human body, 66% of that is intracellular fluid. It's found inside the cell. So I'm going to say intracellular fluid. And cytoplasm is another name for this intracellular fluid. We're going to call it ICF, but it's just cytoplasm. 66% of the fluid in your body is intracellular fluid, so two-thirds of it. But functionally, you can't really tell a whole lot about the state of the intracellular fluid. Different cells with different functions have different characteristics in their intracellular fluid. So maintaining a relatively constant internal environment really doesn't deal with the intracellular fluid. If you wanted to measure a quality of the intracellular fluid, you'd have to consider where you are, and then you'd have to measure every single cell. And that's kind of crazy. Why not just measure, what do you think? The 34%, which is the extracellular fluid. Extracellular, that says extracellular fluid, and I'm just going to tell you, I'm not going to write fluid, but it's ECF. Now, extracellular fluid is found outside of the cells. The ground substance in connective tissue is extracellular fluid, but extracellular fluid has two different flavors. So if we were to take our extracellular fluid and do a little blow-up version, what? A blow-up version? Nobody knows. You're going to end up with two kinds of extracellular fluid. One of them, approximately 25% of the extracellular fluid is blood plasma. So we refer to that as plasma. So if you hear us talking about plasma, we're talking about blood plasma. And that's an important extracellular fluid, which means 75% is a type of fluid called interstitial fluid. And interstitial fluid, I would argue that blood plasma is actually a specialized type of interstitial fluid, but interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells in the tissues. So you'll have your intracellular fluid, your cytoplasm, and your extracellular fluid, which we have two flavors that we sort of keep track of. Back to homeostasis. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant extracellular fluid. And I just want to make a note that this right here was the fluid in the body. So we have the human, the fluid that makes up the human, and the extracellular fluid. And we've broken those down. The extracellular fluid is where we maintain homeostasis. Now, if we're going to maintain homeostasis, and I told you that organ systems do this, they have to have a way of coordinating action. And so I want to talk about that theme in Physiology in just a second.


This is covering the spread part of the Fandall podcast network We are currently just 15 days away from the 2023 NFL draft, which seems bananas to say given It seems like I mean the tournament just ended. We got a lot of stuff going on But 15 days from today is the first round of the draft We're gonna talk about some NFL draft betting talk about takeaways things We've learned the past couple of years how to apply those to the 2023 draft and talk about some NBA playing tournament stuff With dr. Ed Fang to get you ready for tonight's games This is covering the spread right here on the Fandall podcast network and number fire calm My name is Jim saw this. I am a senior writer and analyst for number fire joined here as mentioned by dr Ed Fang you can find his work over at the power rank calm check about on Twitter at the power rank as well Eddie you've had some time to decompress after the national championships. So how you doing today? I'm doing pretty well. I'm actually still reading a book called America of St. Anthony's which is about Dan Hurley's dad and His high school. So I feel like he was a he was a high school coaching legend and particularly in the state of New Jersey and Yeah, I'm still reading the book. It's a fantastic book So I still feel like I'm kind of living a little bit in the college basketball world Through that book. So but it's nice to get some time to a little bit more time to read and dig into that and Find something that I'm really enjoying and yeah working on some other stuff, too So it's been it's a good time of year. So you are spending your time reading instead of catching up on sleep I Feel like at some point the sleep's got to come. I know John Rothstein says we sleep in May We're not there yet, but like at some point you got to catch up I don't think Rothstein ever sleeps. No, that's my guess We sleep in May is is a mantra. It is not actually I don't think it's the way he actually operates Based on like the time of his tweets. I don't think he can sleep ever like he's kind of like shifter and that like Tweets are fine at all times four o'clock in the morning. Shefty bomb and it happens, you know I'm not never surprised at that point. Yeah. Oh, and then I and then I'm reading like the longest woj bomb ever, right? So Because woj wrote the miracle scene athletes. Oh, did he okay? Yeah, this was way back in the day before we was dropping woj bombs all the time I Love it. Well, that's very cool Well, we'll have to get a we'll have to go back to quarantine corner at some point to get a full Book review of that never want to return to quarantine corner, but I'll take a book review at any time to break down Ed's thoughts on that we're gonna dive in and talk about ways to bet sports We don't have models because you know, we got a lot of NBA games coming up We don't have podcasts we can do every weekend to talk about those games We're gonna go through some tools you can use when you don't have like full models Are you're supposed if you want to bet the NBA we'll talk about Ed's process there And then talk about the NFL draft talk about takeaways We've had from betting the draft the past couple of years and what that means for 2023 as well But first a reminder to make sure you are subscribed to covering the spread wherever you get your podcast tomorrow We'll have some thoughts from Todd Beckia around the Saturday games In the NBA playoffs we'll talk about the final play-in games as well coming up on Friday and Get Tom's thoughts on a 13 game NHL slate for tomorrow We'll talk some EPL coming up Friday all that right here in the covering the spread podcast feed So make sure you're subscribed wherever you get your podcast and if you like what you hear Leave us a five star rating as well. Speaking of the NBA playoffs They are here you can turn crossovers into cash with fan duel Just visit fan duel right now and place a five dollar bet And you'll get an instant hundred and fifty bucks in bonus bets win or lose There is no better place to bet all the action than america's number one sports book Just go to fan duel and sign up to get a hundred and fifty dollars in bonus bets when you bet your first five dollars fan duel official sports betting partner of the NBA gambling problem call one 800 gambler or visit fan duel dot com slash rg in massachusetts hope is here gambling helpline ma.org or call 800 327 50 50 for 24 seven support in new york 1877 a hope and wire text open y In arizona 1800 next step or text next step to 53342 in kineticate<PHONE_NUMBER> over the ccpg.org slash chat in indiana 1809 with it in wyoming in kansas 1805 22 4700 in kansas ks gambling health dot com louisiana is 1877 770 stop in maryland md gambling health dot orc in west virginia 1800 gambler dot net must be 21 plus and president select states Fan duel is offering online sports waging in kansas under an agreement with the kansas star casino llc Bonus issued is non withdrawal with bonus bets that expire seven days after a seat restrictions apply C-fold terms at sportsbook dot fan duel dot com now and neither you or i Have numbers on the nba But we may still want to get some bets down on the nba and i want to talk about Ways we can still do that responsibly obviously Without having models and you have been doing this you've been putting some bets down the nba Via some tools you found where you can use market insights to kind of get uh get fund Better good routes to betting things even without having your own numbers So what are those tools? How can we use them and anything you found for tonight's games? My process goes back to the logic of sports betting This is a book by ed miller and matthew davidow and they talk about how a lot of the sharpest betters Don't necessarily look to originate in some sense They look for the weak market first and maybe let this handicap be a little simpler So in the book they talk a lot about no-hold markets between different sports books, right? and so the idea is um, you know, if you if you can bet a side of you know You know broncos plus three Broncos plus three plus 100 at one book and then you know, you can get the same side plus 100 You know choose minus three or whatnot Then you can bet whatever side you want right and then and you should in principle not lose money and you don't need Much of an edge, right? You don't have to get over the vague of of two point 2.5 4% or whatever. Yeah 2.5 4 percent You don't have to get over that vague if you can find lower-hold markets And so that's what I try to do with the mba and mba player props That scope is a really good tool to do this. Uh, this is something created by Colin Davey It's something that I've been using And when you when you click on a game it kind of finds those easier markets There's there's a whole bunch of terminology, but essentially look I'm looking for like some low-hold markets, right? So what is the market in which? sportsbooks tend to differ And you're not going to find too many differences on game spreads, but you will on player props And so that in general is my approach bet scope is like a tool that that tends to find markets that are off and it's usually uh I mean the the example today is a little bit weird But you know, usually you can find a pretty weird you can find a pretty weak number at a weak sports book And you can go ahead and bet that So that in general is my approach, right? Find the weak market first do a pretty simple handicap And do a little bit of betting. Uh, it's worked out in general for me so far I've done this a couple times in five nuggets saturday in my newsletter and um, you know, often if i'm looking for some action this is what I do And again the vel process there is looking for Because we have so many sportsbooks in each market I know obviously not everyone has this because I live in Rhode Island I have to bet at Rhode Island sportsbook if I don't go to massachusetts or connecticut So I have to bet here. I can't find a no-hold market unless they make a pretty bad mistake Which you know, it doesn't typically happen. Uh, but if you have 11 different sports book at your disposal like illinois Finding a no-hold market is not as difficult as it may seem If you're shopping across You know 16,000 different markets, which is what we've got here with all these claire props available You can find some spots where if you are comparing across books, you can find situations like that basically what you're saying is sites like betscope Will run the numbers for you try to find and identify those markets and make it easier on you where you're not Generating your own projections and stuff like that. I think I like about betscope personally is that If you go there, they have distribution calculators. I talked about this in the show before but you can Put in like I can go to number fire Get a rebound projection for Zach Levine Put that in there. It'll show me the The uh, the odds you should have over under various numbers So you can have someone else's projections plug those into You know betscope if you want to use there or or elsewhere It'll tell you like the expected odds based on that projection If you assume it's accurate try to get an over under on various numbers So you can look at the available sports books to you find try to see if you can find a number that way that's one route you can do but Like you said, I think finding the no-hold market can be the better route here And also you can use projections to find which side you want of a no-hold market because I mean if it's a big enough edge, you could bet both sides of different books to lock in a profit but uh, what call it or what they what they recommend in the book is Picking a side basically picking a side you think is right. Um, you could lock in a profit by betting both sides, but Margins will be smaller there for sure. So you can do it that way. So a couple different ways you can use Those props now you said you had some stuff for tonight's game What'd you find while using these tools for the playing games tonight? Yeah, the late game is uh, New Orleans and Oklahoma City and One thing that really stood out in best scope was uh, Brandon Ingram Number of points when I checked it this morning a lot of the books were at 30 and a half and Some of the weaker sports books like barstool We're way lower And that's usually not the way that you want to do it You usually end up betting at the weaker sports books and and and towards the consensus of some of the stronger sports books Um, but that's actually not what I found with this one So my handicap is pretty simple Brandon Ingram is coming off a 42 point game in his last game against Minnesota He also had like 12 rebounds and seven assists pretty monster game And obviously this is a play-in game and his minutes are gonna go up His use is just probably like he's gonna go up, but he's not the only score on the team He's averaged 24.7 points for the game I expect a little bit of regression in this one. So I I bet Brandon Ingram under 30 and a half points Uh, it's 29 and a half. I believe right now. Yep. That's what I just saw as well shaded towards the over But yeah, it's one of these, um, you know, and I like when I'm looking at player props I'd like to bet the under right if that's what regression in the mean tells me I like to bet the under And that's what is going on with with Brandon Ingram here as well So, uh, yeah, so that that's generally my process Like I said before usually, uh, it's not fandal than betting at it some other sports book, uh, like bar stool And and betting wherever way the you know fandal usually is at but that that doesn't happen to be the case this time I also took under 44 and a half for points rebounds and assists for Brandon Ingram Obviously, I just I just gave you those numbers for his last game and he was way over that Um, but he averages about I mean roughly 35 for points rebounds and assists So even if you count for the fact that he's probably going to play more Even if you count for the fact that his usage is going to go up that that's a pretty tall ask And uh, so, uh, I took under 44 and a half Points rebounds and assists for Brandon me Brandon Ingram as well And again, that's all without having your own numbers. It is just using tools Trying to find weaker markets trying to find spots where one book is off from others and Using that to lean on how to bet things. You mentioned the Ingram points number 29 and a half under minus 104 right now at number fire They have Ingram's point projection at 25.6 to plug in the bet scope to get a Distribution under 29 and a half should be priced at minus 232 So having it at minus 104 implies there's still good value there So again, that that's routes you can take to bet into markets where you don't have You know experts here to tell you this stuff because again games running the weekends We're not here on the weekends and stuff like that So you can find ways around even without having your own numbers And I think that that is it's a good tool to have because Like you said the principles of spotting soft markets Those are good things to learn. It's why you should read the logic of sports betting You know Ed Miller, uh, Matthew Davidoff did a great job there. It's a a I would say like a Premanent book when you want to read if you're trying to get serious about this And that really illustrates why this process is so important So uh, check those out the Ingram one more so used as like a an example But yeah, it is applicable if you listen to this before Wednesday I want to take that in but I think it's more so showing the process you got to get there than the actual bet itself Absolutely, and yeah, definitely continue to use that process Absolutely, and it's not just for MBA. It's for everything, you know Finding better ways to make things simpler on yourself can be a smart thing as always Well, I Jim I do find it useful to Look at sports that you know a little bit something about I actually made the mistake that Desmond Bain played for Dallas instead of Memphis in my newsletter once whoops And uh, actually that was one of the ones that lost because Had I kind of realized I had them on the wrong team and jump around playing that night Maybe I don't make that bet maybe not But um, yeah, so uh, yeah It is a running joke on the number fire slack that I am the nba expert as someone who does not really watch games or consume it You know Following the insights of other smart people It's okay to do that at times. Obviously you won't have your specialties and stuff like that But never a bad thing to spot soft markets and take advantage of those Speaking of potentially soft markets, let's shift focus now and talk about the nfl draft And this is something we talked about pretty often the past couple years and you've gotten really into Betting the nfl draft and that's just happened over the course of a couple years I know it started largely because of covet where we were had nothing else to bet on But it's been about three years now where you've been betting the draft and kind of learning from these markets So when you look back at the past couple of years What do you think you've learned? What are the important tools you think you've gained from betting this that you want to apply to betting in 2023? Right, so betting the nfl draft for me is again something where I don't actually Use my own tools. I have actually done my own wisdom of crowd stuff in the past, but I haven't this year and I don't know if I intend to Benjamin Robinson does a pretty good job over grounded mocks and we'll talk a little bit about that later, but It you know betting the nfl draft for me is a way to pay attention to the players coming into league To look back on my college football numbers and say You know, how can we evaluate these players and project them at the next level? You know can can Kentucky have an awful passing success rate and we'll let us succeed at the next level Yeah, if you have a josh Allen type miracle. Yeah, it's definitely possible Um, so for me, you know, it's a way to kind of dig in It's a way to listen to podcasts follow some sharp people that I will talk about a little bit later um, but yeah, just pay attention and You know when markets move try to bet markets that are related to to those markets as well It's something that anyone can do if you want to put a little bit of time into it If you love football and you know, there's really not much else to follow right now It's it's it's actually kind of fun. So I mean, I've gotten into it just because I find it fun And it's in this way for me to keep up with players And it You know, it's it's pretty beatable, you know, you know fandal and draft kings are putting up a lot of different markets and Oh, yeah, that's another thing. I mean I try to bet them when they first come out Um, so I think draft kings is like the only one that actually has draft position for various players up So that would be something I would try to dive into try to find some edge Um, I did uh, I did send out will love is over seven and a half in my newsletter It's kind of moved against me a little bit. I mean, there's certainly chance that indy takes him at four or lost Las Vegas takes him at seven But I I think he's definitely trending downwards and um There's a lot of situations in which he falls out of the top 10 completely. So Yeah, so so things like that, uh, you know, look for the weak markets when they open just pay attention And have fun with it And I think a key part of paying attention is knowing to what to pay attention to and how to proceed with caution around some of that Because the nfl draft markets limits are lower, which means a lot of times when things move It's going to be based on information based on information that everyone has, you know So if chris mohrenson sends a tweet out about the panthers liking brice young That could move the market and it could be disinformation So I think that's the tough part for me yet is knowing How skeptical to be of market movements given that this is a less informed market than what we have in terms of You know, big bad stuff like that then we have for almost anything else. How do you balance that? You know, you're looking at trying to identify How you can bet Based on other movements How do you properly balance knowing the markets may be less efficient while still trying to find good numbers? Is it just getting good closing line value on markets that will move eventually or how do you kind of balance those two factors? I mean closing line value certainly matters I mean I sent devon witherspoon to be the first cornerback plus 300 out to my members and it's minus 175 now So in general, like I I think that's a good thing This certainly is a weaker market, right? So You know, you do have to be cautious there Again, I would kind of look to how long the market has been out So these draft positions at at draft kings Have not been out as long as the market for the first overall pick which has been around for forever honestly like through the fall so You know, if you see a big move in Who's going to get picked first? Yeah, you know, it's probably more likely than not Um going going that way. I I would definitely trust it. We can talk about that more in a little bit So, you know, I would say like it's a combination of experience and knowing Uh, you know wanted to do this. I mean like you mentioned like this is my third year pretty seriously getting into it um, so Just a little bit of experience and and and you know experience that you can pull from other markets as well, right? Right, right the difference between what a market opens and right before close Now you mentioned the first overall pick that's a market that moved a lot last year and it moved correctly Um with Trevon Walker getting talked up and eventually taken first overall This year we've seen Bryce young go from an underdog CJ Stroud was pretty heavily favorite to go first overall But now young minus 270 that was uh minus 300 as early as yesterday and it's now minus 270 When you look at this market, Ed Do you find any reason to bet against the steam that young has garnered? Could it you know? Maybe be disinformation out there, or do you think There could be value in young's like, you know in a lot of draft markets There's value in laying big minus numbers because value is value What's your read on this first overall pick market with where things stand right now? I think with the first pick you often get I mean you tend to get pretty huge favorites in general. So I think two years ago Uh, Trevor Lawrence was you know, maybe minus 10,000 or something like that. It was like off the board eventually Yeah, it was off the board eventually, right? You know just like the markets for like where the carolina is going to take a quarterback or you know The position of carolina's first pick is is off the board So I would tend to trust this movement simply because it is the first pick It is something that we probably should have a lot of information about There are a lot of journalists out there covering this Um, I I would tend to believe this market movement, you know more so than like, you know Who the first tight end is going to be taking or something like that, right? Um Last year with uh with walker was was pretty interesting because because a bunch of the sharp mockers were actually On that before the market moved the weekend before the draft, which is pretty cool I was actually in Ohio For a soccer tournament and and couldn't bet it and so I had tech some people back in michigan to to get down on that Um, so yeah, that was an example um where You know, the the the good strategy was to try to find some plus numbers on a couple of different people that could be the top pick That actually would have worked really well in the mba draft last year when you had like three guys that were going to be the top Pick and and you know, I think you could have gotten like 20 plus 2200 or something on I'm paying a bunch girl To the day of or something crazy like that, right? Um I actually think this is probably going to head more towards the definitive favorite That's kind of what it feels like bryce jong has definitely been the kind of top rated quarterback According to the experts and if carolina believes in that I think that's You know, I wouldn't be surprised if we see minus a thousand soonish And I think the important thing too is knowing which sources to trust on this stuff Like I know a couple years ago adam schafter was saying Oh the 49ers may have traded out from mac jones and that wound up not being correct but His track record is amazing and so I don't I think it's important not to overrate being wrong once And knowing the sources to trust Schafter is one that I trust a lot personally despite that I think that he deserves to be trusted in that regard and there are some people who will put stuff out there that I'm not going to trust so understanding the sources chris mortensen is one of the guys who's mentioned bryce jong first overall he's a guy to trust as well so Parsing through the information deciding which sources you want to trust. I think it's a key thing within this as well Now we're going to do a more full draft prop preview later on We'll talk about that either next week or week of the draft and do a full dive in but ed when you're looking at The sources you trust looking at the markets the way they've moved Anything stand out to you right now that you want to bet entering this year's nfl draft For sure. Uh, I actually like looking at the total number of quarterbacks in the first round Uh, it's it's four and a half at fan duel right now And you know, I mean there's there's pretty much a lock for four of them So riyang stroud Richardson and levis in that order. I did bet levis over seven and a half in the position, but he's He's he's he's gonna go in the first round And so this bet comes down to where hendon hooker gets taken And benjamin rominson over at grind of the mox has seen a pretty huge uptick in his draft position Uh, he's a pretty interesting prospect. He did light it up at tennessee The idea is that that doesn't necessarily translate Uh to what he's going to be able to do in the nfl Um, he's 25 years old. So that's definitely a knock against them Quarterbacks to get drafted at 25 don't end up doing that. Well, I think you guys like brandon weed But uh a lot a lot of uh, so the wisdom of crowds tool definitely say hookers on the rise Um, there are some sharp mockers like daniel germaya that are putting hendon hooker in the first round Thinking a team like minnesota is going to take them there. Let them sit a year behind her cousins So so right now, uh, I think this morning Oh, actually it's right there. Uh plus 144. Yeah, that's what I bet it at this morning So I feel like the price should be like plus 100 So I think I think plus 144 is pretty good value Obviously, I don't have to tell you that the quarterbacks the most important position So it's not a stretch to think that some team late in the first round wants to go if they like hooker wants to go get him Uh either to start I mean not maybe not to start but as uh a player that they are looking into long term to groom as their starter I do think there is value there And uh, I like over four and a half quarterbacks And I think the thought process with hooker is that because he has this acl injury You might want the fifth year option And that's why you might want to take him in the first round to get that extra flexibility With him there because I'm skeptical hooker too. Um, you know, he Like you said is very old. He's actually the fifth oldest quarterback invited to the combine Since 2010 uh stets and benet is the guy right above him So he made jokes about sets and benet all throughout the playoffs. He's only a hair older than hooker Um If you look at the 25 oldest quarterbacks to get combine invites since 2010 Only one has been a top 100 pick and that was weedon who was 28.5 years old on the day of the draft So he's an outlier And so the data says guys this old typically don't go in the first round but kenny picket was Pretty up there too. He's 23.9 On the day of the draft. So he was up there too I think that if you're looking at this market right now, you can you plus 144 over 4 and a half I think a thought process could be take the over right now and see if it keeps on Steaming in that direction if we were to get to a situation where um, maybe We get a lot of enthusiasm around hooker Then you could maybe take the under as well later on depending on where it gets to because I think plus 144 is a good number I don't know where it would be later on because again, I'm very skeptical of hooker and I I wouldn't mind Diving in there, but I think this market's gonna keep on moving because we've seen a lot of enthusiasm around hooker from smart guys Daniel Jeremiah is very plugged in uh to the nfl. You're talking about sources to trust Yeah, if you want to trust guys who know the nfl Jeremiah from a mock drafting perspective is one of the first guys. You'll think uh, peter shragger. It also was a very good track record. Um, so There are certain guys you trust who or should trust I should say who are Putting in there Which means to me that market will keep on moving who want to get good closing on value want to get ahead of markets And I think it could give you a good hedging option later on Because I think I agree that you're a read on ed where that plus 144 May keep getting short. So although I personally am skeptical the hooker goes in the first I think the market is in a good spot to potentially Buy into that right now and maybe check back on it later on I guess is what I'd phrase that I would also like to add it It should never matter what you think a team should do right right exactly brilliant as you are gyms on us evaluating football players and Obviously my brilliance as well. Um, it doesn't matter what I would do that How to gm it doesn't I'm not a gm. I never will be And so do I think I didn't hooker should be taken in the first round? No, I thought marcus mario That's quarterback of all I thought marcus mario is the best quarterback prospect of all time, you know, we all make mistakes He's he's still in the league. That's not you know in theory. I know he's a bad. He's a backer for the eagles Hope he threw eyes there, but you know, he's hanging on for dear life Um, right like do I think well levy should be drafted at all? No, I think he's going to be freaking terrible But that doesn't really impact my betting right like I think levis is Going to get overlooked because of the rise of anthony richerson when I draft anthony richerson. Absolutely not no way But that doesn't matter his stock is on the rise right and it has been ever since the combine so um, yeah, I try to I definitely try to separate those things out Exactly and that's why I Again, I'm okay with the plus 144 and over four and a half quarterbacks because it does seem as if the market will move that way Smart people like Jeremiah have them in their first round mocks And I think that's the information that matters My evaluation does not matter the angel Jeremiah's does in weighing that in for sure Like I said, well more nfl draft talk in the coming weeks We're going to talk to add about do like kind of a more full breakdown of betting nfl draft props Numbers he likes we'll open that up to all sports books too So we can use a proper market proper price shopping and stuff like that to get you ready for the nfl draft But it was fun to get a little teaser for today. Talk about that talk about takeaways and more And I appreciate the insights. What's going on for you at the power rank right now? still writing five no good saturday and Been lucky that there's been a lot of winners in there recently So check that out at the power rank dot com and obviously the newsletter will have more football stuff as football season Comes back. Uh, but for now every saturday. It's just uh, if you need some action I try to help you out And it sounds like there's draft stuff in there too. So if you are intrigued by the nfl draft discussion Check out ads newsletter go to the power rank dot com to sign up for that find ed on twitter at the power rank I am on twitter at jim sonnis j i m s a n n e s We are back once again tomorrow talking more nba playoffs We'll also talk the nhl regular season final couple of games. We'll see you there talk more about that This has been covering the spread right here on the fan dual podcast network


Thanks Nicola. So I'd like to really thank the organizer. It's very nice to be in this session I mean with all the speakers. I don't really have to introduce high-troop with computing the bad news is I hope you Not fed up at this time with with anything that's high-troop with So interestingly you're gonna see some common themes in this talk. I mean with what previous speaker talked about So the Of course as I said, I'll go very quickly on the principle of high-troop with computing Then I will show some examples and try to to see if we can learn some some general things about High-troop with computing in these examples and this example are transparent connecting oxides and and something a little more recent And that's more a little more exotic which is Electrides And I will make some points if I have some time on the challenges of scaling up in Automation especially in terms of software and methods and workflows So I don't have to show that for a long time you guys know all about high-troop with computing now And and the specific example where we apply this type of technique is transparent conducting oxides And I mean you can also ask yourself. I mean, why do you need a transparent and conducting material? You actually do have a transparent and conducting material in your pocket if you have a smartphone There's a touchscreen the touchscreen is a transparent conducting material and it's an interesting problem for the material scientist because usually the Transparent materials are not very conductive and vice versa So there are ways to make transparent conducting material. This is known for decades now You basically take an oxide with a large enough bang-gap that will give you transparency And then how do you get conductivity? You just dope it. You can dope it n-type. You can dope it p-type This is the these are the options It is these materials are known to produce the mass produce actually on the n-type TCOs I mean, this is a big industry indium oxide. For instance, it's a very big transparent conducting oxide The problem is more in terms of scientific challenges is more than p-type TCOs where actually There's not widely commercialized p-type TCO and the reason why is its properties are just poor One of the property which is the mobilities of the carriers is roughly one order of magnitude difference between the best P type in the lab and the best n-type that are known This is a gap. That's a problem for certain applications. The most fancy ones being having transparent electronics Maybe more relevant for the planet is is that solar cells would I mean you can have new device and new type of solar cells If you had the p-type conducting layer and transparent So if you get back to the basics what's what driving conductivity is the amount of carriers and also the mobilities of your carriers And if you get back to mobilities What's driving mobility is scattering which is typically not Very easy to get from ab initio and then you have a big component of effective mass What I what I mean is that a material with the lousy effective mass is not going to be a high mobility material This is this is a necessary condition And the good news is that effective mass is something you can get Right, I mean relatively easily with with simple DFT band structure and in the effective mass at least for screening I'm not that bad with DFT So this is what you want you know what you want you want you want to material with specific band structure You want a low whole effective mass. I mean it's something like lower than one would be great you want a bandgap that's higher than 3v to get you transparency and Something important also you'd be able you want to be able to make this material p Okay, I don't really care about what's happening at the connection band I really focus here on p-type oxides because this is where we can make new materials This is the work for me. You've seen a lot of these funnels I mean, this is an horizontal funnel and the mobility we assess by whole effective mass Then we go to transparency through bandgaps and then carrier through the mobility and we've done that screening on known Oxides and this is an important point. I mean we're not making predictions here These are materials that are known that are supposed to exist that have been reported to be synthesized Most of the time you just don't know their property You don't know if they're transparent You don't know if the car is will be a highly mobile or not In terms of technique and codes This is done at the DFT level then we go GW and also GW or HSC actually and so far I haven't seen much discrepancy in terms of the defects computation with both these methods So let's start with the first step I'll get back to to infrastructure But band structures are not the most difficult thing to to to automatize in terms of workflows and we We I mean build this workflow that basically gives you a band structure DFT band structure for any material If you have the band structure, then you can extract an effective mass This is easy to say by the way you can have different definition of effective mass I'm not going to go into details I mean if you're interested come talk to me or or look at our papers I think you have challenges in for instance if you have several bands what which one which bands do you take? You have to be careful with that Um Then you you take that I mean you take to 6,000 material and you have all this database of effective mass And you can start screening you can say give me the very low-haul effective mass That's what I want That's what I want to start with and if you look the 6,000 material and you give a reasonable criterion effective mass From 6,000 you end up with 20 around and this is the point I wanted to make into my title and this is really needle in the a slack problem and by the way You can see that from the other speakers talk Usually you have this type of problem where you start with a lot of possibilities and you end up with with the handful Maybe interesting material and this is really only one property. This is my first property You can be optimistic and the good news is I have only 20 compounds You can actually do much better than DFT and you can for instance you do GW on this 20 compounds This is totally doable in terms of computing computational time So if you combine all of that the first screening on DFT effective masses and then you you get band gaps more accurate with with GW You get this plot. This is band gaps and Effective mass for all the red dots are basically those materials that are known in the inorganic crystal structure database And we've compared them with the known p-type TCO This is the the best p-type TCO in the lab and you can see that By design of course all of them are getting better in effective mass You see that some of them will absorb too much some of them are really interesting and by the way I've put the effective mass here of the n-type and you see there's hope for some of the materials to get as highly mobile as n-type But there are not many materials Haven't talked about something which is dope ability and this is really the very very last screening We do and this is important actually many application. I think I think we've been spoiled with with silicon We sometimes have the feeling you can dope everything n-type or p-type. This is definitely not the case in oxides So it's not because I'm coming with a nice oxide and I say oh if you could dope it that will be great There are sometimes intrinsic defects in oxide and this is very well known that will prevent any doping and What I'm really looking at ears because I want to do whole doping is whole caters and oxygen vacancy It's notoriously known to be a whole killer. I'm not gonna go here in details, but you can do defect computation I mean, this is there is a huge our community doing a defect computation And you can actually have a sense of do you the issue material have does your material have a lot of whole caters? If you have a lot of whole caters, that's a no-go for making a p-type TCO And if you do that There are few materials that are actually killed purely by by defects And I think this is important an important point I mean defects are important and we're gonna have to take care of them more and more in high-to-put computing But let's pick up the materials that are in the sweet spot where they seem to have an interesting Large band gap and low whole effective mass, and I'm not gonna talk about all these materials I'm just gonna pick one and I'm gonna pick that one because that one we worked with experimentalist actually to kind of see if we Were right in terms of of the interest of this material, and this is biomebismet tantalum oxide This is a very interesting band structure large band gap and a very curvy Veil's band and this is what you were looking for curvy bands and large band gaps By the way, we did also defect computation that shows that this material has a tendency to be p-type But the defect chemistry was quite complex It's a mixed perovskite So it's a double perovskite bismuth 3 plus and tantalum 5 plus go on the B site And there's something that's wonderful about perovskite You cannot really compute that but for some reason if you go to an experimentalist and you ask them to make a Compound they usually not very happy They're like, oh, I just make a genius say it's a perovskite, and then they're okay with it I don't know if they're fascinated by perovskites So we managed to convince a few a bold experimentalist to actually make this material by the way This was a known material so but still there were still challenges in making it making it really pure And getting tin films of it So this is a collaboration with professor Kim and and also professor Sintovich for from Cornell So they made this material and then you start characterizing it and then you a little bit as a theorist a little bit anxious about the result You will get Good first news is that this material is definitely transparent very transparent Then conductivity measurements were not that good news because as is the conductivity was not very high You could not really measure any conductivity. So we looked into okay Can you entrance? I mean can you extrinsically dope this material and potassium is a novice obvious choice For crystal chemistry, but also from from computation and if you do the potassium on the biome side Then you can get conductivity and the best sample we add in terms of mobility with whole measurements around 38 and and I remind you that that the best p-type TCO around 10 So this is a big step. This is a big step to fan this material. They're not many oxide with such a high Whole mobility and still transparent So this was very nice and why is it this material not in your next? Smartphone, I mean the promise actually carry concentration for a moment So mobility is great But the defect chemistry of this material is so difficult to deal with that we cannot reach higher carry concentration that That 10 to the 14 which is really low It's at the limit of the measurement you can make not very useful for a device So we're working now on getting that understanding better the material and getting that higher An interesting thing is that you can learn something here I think this is the first Bismuth based p-type TCO and Bismuth is really an important ingredient in the story If you actually look at the character of the valence band You would see that this Bismuth hybridizing with oxygen P And this is an important ingredient because if you had only oxygen P You would have a very flat band and because you have Bismuth you start hybridizing and you start making your band more curvy So maybe there are also Bismuth based materials that could be very interesting By the way the field of p-type TCO would not have suggested something with Bismuth. This is not very common On this line you can say okay Is there anything more general than just you you want to work with Bismuth? Actually, you would like to work with main group reduced elements Bismuth 3 plus but also SN2 plus PB2 plus they really show up a lot in our screening and it makes sense What happens with those guys is that they really their orbitals their earth's orbitals is really aligned with the p-orbitals You get hybridization and this is really helping getting a low or effective mass. This is our champions potassium tin oxide This is the most curvy valence band I've ever seen with such a large band gap Okay, I just kind of pointed out that that From 6,000 oxides you had only 20 and there are reasons for that the oxygen piece really usually flat and usually doesn't hybridize with metals So oxides are kind of it's by itself by nature very difficult to find for p-type Mobilities, so can you go beyond oxide and this is one of the nice thing with high throughput computing if you have the framework to do oxides you can do anything else than oxides and and we kept on Cranking the number and computing and we extended our database and we are now around 30,000 materials that are screened including of course now oxides The thing you can do also is do some I would say this is really the most simple that the mining you can think of you Can just do some histograms and compare chemistries, but it's already very instruct instructive This is the distribution of effective mass whole effective mass in oxide sulfides nitride and phosphide in our database And you can see that if your criteria is really getting very low whole effective mass you're going to work with phosphides than oxides So this is really clear The problem is that if you take bang gap into the mix as you go with lower effective mass Your bang gap is actually getting lower and lower and the phosphide will tend to have much smaller bang gaps And so there will be less transparent So you kind of you kind of stop This is nice. I mean this is you can see that in semiconductor simple models like KP theory and things like that There's kind of correlation between effective mass and bang gap So you see it coming from the data, so you kind of screwed if you're trying to do go beyond oxides But there's a way and if you think about it in certain application The TCO would actually be very thin and you if you're very thin You can deal with with weak adsorption and you can play then with undirect versus direct gap And then you make your criteria a little more complicated I just want my direct gap to be transparent to be larger than 3v But I can live with a smaller undirect gap and if you do that And you especially look at Phosphides because first fight showed very very low whole effective mass you look at this You can do this type of plots This is based on GW calculation again And this is the best phosphide in terms of effective mass is similar to the plot I showed But now you have two bang gaps. You have undirect and direct bang gap And if you put the criteria you want a direct bang gap That's higher than 3v and a low effective mass. You see this material born phosphide really popping out of the data Born phosphide is really interesting. It's a very simple zinc blend very low whole effective mass large direct gap It's actually p-type doble. We've done a lot of defect computation in there And we said, okay, this is impossible. This is a binary 3v. This must be this is studied somewhere So we started looking in the literature. This is a material that has been heavily studied in the 60s 70s So you can get some data and actually all the experimental data agree with what we we see computationally shows very high Mobilities for some of the samples p-type dopa ability relatively low absorption due to the indirect gap and Conductivities that are really promising for p-type transparent application and and so this is this is an interesting It's not example where a material kind of has been abandoned And we hope computation might revive it because you say, you know this material might be interesting for that application That that may be never was never thought of So this is this is also one of the things you can get from from high-truple computing Okay, sharing is very important We may I mean we're building this very large databases all this data on effective mass and actually more transport Related measurements like c-bex or computation like c-bex are useful for many application including custom talk about Photovoltaics this is really important to have effective masses there also and we have a scientific data paper So basically can download the data and do that a mining do searchers maybe for your application Some of the materials we disregard are really interesting So I think this is a movement in the in the community and this is important And and this data is going to be soon available materials project too So you will be able to get the raw data, but also like a nicer web interface around it Okay, I don't know how much time I have Okay, I want to talk quickly about something else. That's a little more recent It's it's it's this electrolyte materials. I mean how many of you guys know about electrolytes. Have you heard about it? It's actually interesting because the chemistry community is crazy about that So it's but I think they're really interesting materials and and the concept is is that you have electrons That are basically not localized around the nuclei, but I'm look localizing pockets in 2d layers and in very of nuclei Positions and and the chemists usually say Electroys are basically materials ionic materials where yeah anion is an electron. That's that's a very Intuitive way of saying it These are this is important in many application fields And it's also very interesting in terms of the type of physics you could get with this type of Electron localization They're actually only a handful of materials that are electrolytes that are known and I'm citing them here One of the most interesting one in my opinion is calcium nitride. You can see these layers here These are basically layers of electrons between the calcium nitride layers So these are really cool materials, but they're only very difficult to find so we said, okay Can we do high throughput computing? And it's a very good example where you can do high throughput computing you can look actually at the square of the wave function Around the Fermi level and this is and see if that's localized around the nuclei Or do you have localization of electrons around pockets or more complicated shape? I'm not going to go in details, but you can do that screening on 30,000 compounds and From that we discover more than 60 new electrize by the way We found back the ones that are known which is always nice and reassuring and you can do start doing Classification between you can some of them make zero d electrolytes I would say the pockets of electrons then you have this very nice 1d channels of electrons But the point I want to make is one of the interesting thing is this field has this rule that's kind of put a little bit bits everywhere in the in the in papers that says that Partially field D shell transition metals cannot lead to electrolytes Basically, if you have like a fee tree plus it will not make an electrolyte It would just capture the electron and the electron will not be want to go in this one of these cases And we actually found the exception to the rule and I think that's really the nice thing with high throughput computing It can also challenge rules and this is as far as we know the first partially field D shell Transition metal Electride this is this is DFT computation, but we've done all kinds of things with on hybrids with on self consistent GWU Calculation and that's really shows the same Localization of the electron around family level in this nice tunel and it has chromium So I think I want to make a point that high throughput computing It's a little dumb somehow you do the screening without sometimes putting in rules But it also helps questioning the rules that might be in the field Okay, I'll quickly mention that going from one computation babysitting computation To many many of this computation you have to deal with is a big challenge I mean if you have if you have children you can imagine that and so a lot of the work It's actually spent in trying to make these workflows and trying to make automata automatic things And it's really exciting since I started we started with easy workflows And we want more and more work with more complicated things and things methods like recently We work on high to put GW we are starting working on high to put defects computation Which also is very challenging if you think about charge defects where you have corrections and so on But you really do feel this moving in more and more complex workflows Which require more and more complex software to handle that and Quickly I want to mention with recently work on the high to put phone on workflow Which is close to to what they call I talked about and this this led to this is done with abinit And this led so far to a thousand five hundred phone and band structure that have been compute entirely automatically handling arrows and so on And this is again in a Soon in scientific data, we hope and and this is going to be also available in materials project. Okay on that I'll conclude I'll thank all the the people in my group that really worked very hard on this project the collaborators also and And the funding agencies. Thank you very much