Now, we come to the end of this series of lectures on monsoon and its variability. I began this lecture series with a discussion of what the monsoon means to the life in a monsoonal region such as ours and why I consider the study of the monsoon the most enjoyable and worthwhile of a scientific endeavours. Monsoon in common parlance is the system associated with large scale rainfall over the region. The focus of the lectures is the summer monsoon season June to September in which most of the rainfall occurs over the Indian region and this is the pattern of rainfall over the Indian region and this is the monsoon zone where the large scale system, monsoon system gives rainfall during the season. This is of course, the west coast associated with orography and northeast also. Now, the major features of monsoon variability are interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall and you see we have a great deal of data 1876 till present and this is the nature of interannual variability with droughts and excess monsoon years occurring with differing frequencies in the decades. So, this is a major feature of monsoon variability that we have looked at on the interannual scale. On the intracesional scale two special features are one is fluctuations between active spells and weak spells which which you see year after year and active spells and a break such as the one you see here. So, fluctuation between active and weak spell is another important feature of the sub seasonal or intracesional variation of the monsoon and this is the rainfall anomaly composite corresponding to a break spell you see rainfall is huge deficit all over here and is above normal over southern tip of the peninsula and northeast Himalayan foothills. This is the active spells rainfall anomaly which is almost a mirror image of the breaks. Another important feature that we looked at on the sub seasonal scale is the northward propagation of cloud bands or rain belts emanating from the equatorial Indian Ocean and moving propagating northward up to the monsoon zone. Now, these propagations play a very important role we have seen in the seasonal transitions that is the onset phase from spring to summer as well as the retreat phase from summer to fall. In fact, they also play a very important role within the season after the system is established over the monsoon zone in revival from the breaks. Now, this is so far as the major features of variability that we want to understand model and predict. One of the things I covered at considerable length in this lecture series was what is the basic system responsible for the monsoon because this is something that we are taught from high school onwards and what we are taught is unfortunately not the right model. We are taught that the monsoon is a gigantic land sea breeze but I have shown here in these lectures that it is in fact, the monsoon the large scale monsoon rainfall is associated with a planetary scale system you see this is the cloud band associated with a tropical conversion zone which is stretching across the monsoon zone over India and continues across up to the west Pacific. So, this is monsoon is associated with the seasonal migration of tropical conversion zone which is a planetary scale system and it is not a local response to land sea contrast. The fact that this region is hotter than ocean will make a difference to the amplitude of the seasonal migration but the basic system is not a land sea breeze the basic system is a system which gives rainfall all over the tropics. So, this is an important thing that we learnt during the course of these lectures that the monsoon is associated with a planetary scale TCC and its variability on intra seasonal and inter annual scales is linked to the variability of convection over the tropical and Pacific and Indian ocean. You already saw in that picture that in fact, the monsoon is not restricted the system is by no means restricted to the Indian longitude it extends all over here and we have also seen that it has links with the surrounding seas because almost all the systems that give us rain are generated over here or over the equatorial Indian ocean. So, there are links obviously it is the variability of inter seasonal and inter annual scales of the Indian monsoon is linked to variability of convection over the tropical Pacific and Indian ocean. Now, that brought us to the question of what is the variability of convection governed by? Everybody knows that the sea surface temperature is a very critical parameter of the ocean as far as clouding or convection over the oceans is concerned. This is because sea surface temperature determines how much water vapor is in the air near the surface of the ocean. Now, an interesting result that we discussed in this lecture series was that in fact, the relationship between rainfall and sea surface temperature is highly non-linear in rainfall tends to be suppressed below a threshold and above a threshold there is a large variation in rainfall for a given SST range with little relationship between the rainfall and the SST. So, this is a particular relationship and we saw which is actually valid over the global tropics and we saw the implications of this for the seasonal migration of the inter tropical conversion zone over Pacific Atlantic and so on and thereby finally, determined the monsoonal regions of the world. We discussed another important phenomena which is El Nino Southern Oscillation for two reasons it is the most energetic element of the variability of the tropical atmosphere over the Pacific and secondly it is something about which the there has been a phenomenal gain in understanding modeling and prediction from about the 90s onwards. So, this is why I dwelt at considerable length on how this came about how this revolution in our understanding of ENSO came about and that was one reason is to take try and take lessons from you know how progress was made in understanding of ENSO to try and understand how we will go further in our understanding of the monsoon itself. The second reason is ENSO is known to be linked to monsoon. So, these were the two reasons for dwelling at length on ENSO and this is the El Nino as you see this is one phase of ENSO and this is La Nina where the cloud system is located over West Pacific in El Nino it stretches right across the Central Pacific and La Nina corresponds to warming of the equatorial belt El Nino corresponds to warming of the equatorial belt La Nina implies cooling here more than average and warming here. There is another interesting phenomena we looked at and which was the equatorial Indian ocean oscillation if you look at the outgoing long wave radiation anomaly patterns you see that often there is a seesaw in convection between East equatorial Indian ocean and West equatorial Indian ocean. For example, in this year there is excessive convection over E I O suppressed over W E I O opposite is the case here where we have excess convection over W E I O and suppressed over E I O. This phenomena oscillation is known as the equatorial Indian ocean oscillation and we showed that in fact, it is true that the most important link of ISMR or the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is to ENSO, but it is also linked to equinoe equatorial Indian ocean oscillation and if we take indices of these two phenomena in fact and plot all the extremes of ISMR all the droughts and excess rainfall season then you see a very clean separation between droughts and excess rainfall season and this is a very surprising result it seems to say that extremes of such a complex system are mainly governed by two modes equinoe and ENSO, but this understanding also then can lead us into some ideas as to how to predict monsoon extremes with models. Now why are extremes important? I talked as I said at length about monsoon variability in agriculture and I also gave one lecture on monsoon agriculture and GDP. The result of that study which was a quantitative assessment of the impact of monsoon on agriculture and GDP was as follows. This is the food grain production impact on food grain production and rainfall anomaly and what you see is that the relationship is highly non-linear that if you have a ISMR anomaly of a given magnitude say minus 10 you will get a large deficit of food grain production, but a positive anomaly of the same magnitude plus 10 does not really give as large advantage of having more rain as the disadvantage of having less rain. So, it is a highly non-linear thing and the this is for food grain production but the same relationship holds for GDP as well. Now in fact we showed in that lecture that this kind of you know farmers not being able to reap benefit of good monsoon years, but suffering the losses due to poor monsoon years. This asymmetry can be to some extent mitigated if prediction of extremes are available. So, this leads us to the importance of prediction of extremes asymmetry in response as I mentioned larger amplitude for deficit ISMR than positive ISMR anomaly to rectify we need prediction of extremes. So, that brought us to the question how good are the predictions of extremes with state of art coupled models. Now, we find that they are reasonable but not good enough. So, in fact this is an example of state of the art coupled models in the European community and black is the observed and rest are different models and these are the different extremes 61 was a very large excess here and 88 and so on and so forth. We show in the showed in that lecture that vast majority of the extremes are now simulated by the models simulated in the sense at least they are getting the sign of the ISMR anomaly right, but there are two years 83 and 97 in which all the models are giving huge false alarms. They are predicting droughts for 83s several of the models and all the models are predicting deficit when actually it was an excess monsoon year for 97 which was a strong El Nino year all the models are predicting droughts whereas, it turned out to be above normal. So, these are two years in which things went wrong and then we discussed why they went wrong and diagnose the problem that the problem had to do with the models not being able to simulate the link with equino although they simulated well the link with and so. So, given that kind of an analysis we came to the conclusion that if now we pursue this path of trying to fix where all models irrespective of their parametrizations and scheme other numerical schemes and so on are going wrong if we can fix those years then the performance of the model will indeed improve and our hope was that we will get there in a few years. So, this is a very brief summary of the kind of things that I have covered in the lectures in the beginning I thought 40 lectures would be lot of lectures and I should be able to cover most of the important facets, but at the end I find that I regret that I have not been able to cover one major topic in this lecture series namely I have not been although I did spend some time in defining the monsoonal regions of the world and so on I have not had a chance to discuss monsoon and its variability over other parts of Asia or the Asian monsoon and its links with the Indian monsoon. Now this is a very important topic I also could not cover the monsoon over Africa, South America and so on. So, this will have to be left as it is, but on the whole I am pretty satisfied with what I have been able to cover and I have learnt a lot in preparing for this lecture series and very much hope that you will also learn something from it. Thank you.


Good morning John! We just got the first images from the James Webb Space Telescope and a lot of people it seems are feeling a bit small right now. Maybe humbled, maybe insignificant, but here's something weird. I'm actually not sure if I feel very small right now or very big. So when you look at a structure like the cosmic cliffs with seven light-year tall peaks or a deep field image that you cannot put your pinky finger on without covering several galaxies, it makes sense to think, okay, so why do we think that anything that happens here on Earth matters at all? And there are really good human answers to that question. Answers like, we give our universe meaning, we matter to each other, but there are also maybe some like kind of objective answers. Would we understand that an area in the sky the size of a grain of sand contains thousands of galaxies that each contain billions of stars and we say I feel insignificant now? That is not a way of saying nothing matters. It's an instinct that something matters, but that that mattering is spread throughout what appears to be a basically infinite universe and so we don't matter. Something matters, just not us because we are too small to matter. But I wonder, is size the right measure? I've got a kind of okay understanding of how the universe works, like not great, but maybe a bit better than average. And one thing that seems to be basically the case is that there are a bunch of practically infinite fields that cause particles to exist and interact in a number of ways. And as evidenced by the presence of oxygen and hydrogen spectra in galaxies billions of light years away, the rules appear to be consistent throughout the whole universe. Now this is all very complicated, but it's also not.  But while the universe is astoundingly big, indeed very possibly infinite in size, it's not that big in time. Now you might say actually 13.7 billion years seems like a very long time, like practically infinite. But no, the universe is young compared to both infinity and compared to its eventual lifespan. Life on earth is one continual chemical system that dates back 3.7 billion years, which means that this wild frolic that includes everything from Brachiosaurus to BTS has existed for 27 percent of the lifetime of the universe. We do not take up much space, but we have taken up a lot of time. So that's one way we are bigger than we might think. But here's another. The vast majority of the particles in the universe do not know they exist. They have never wanted something, they've never looked at something and found it beautiful, they have never built a space telescope. And when I say like vast majority, I mean that the number of particles that are part of any system with once and sensations is so small that they may as well be ignored. But we can agree they should not be ignored because they are very strange and very different and very beautiful and they know things about themselves and about each other. In your head, you have around the same number of neurons as there are stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. And those neurons are much smaller than stars, but they are in fact more ordered and you could argue that each one is more complex. If you think galaxies are amazing, just wait until you find out about you. Now are we the only chemical system to have built a space telescope? No. The way I understand the universe, that is an impossibility. But it also does not seem very common for the universe to find paths toward waking up. And to be a part of that, it feels very big. John, I'll see you on Tuesday.


Yeah, I'm trying What's up guys, my name is Steven Selly. I'm a 5'10 dunker. I dunk harder than everyone you know Today I want to talk to you about a goal that was achieved Simply through mindfulness in three months and it took me three years to even get close I didn't jump any higher The simple thing was that I started to believe and visualize and that's what I want to talk to you about today And I feel like meditation and mindfulness has changed my performance. What does meditation? The simple thing for me to remember is that when I meditate even just five minutes a day I focus on my breath and that refocus and there's plenty of videos for you to watch on YouTube But that refocus and trying to stay focused on your breath when I'm through my waking life when I'm at the gym I think about my breath and then I can be aware of my mindset and all these different factors that are playing into my performance So there's three reasons I think meditation is essential for your athletic performance The number one thing is the physical oxygen I give to my body by breathing deeply and remembering to breathe more That oxygen helps my muscles work better together and helps me work effortlessly If not, I'm tensed up that anxiety whatever I'm thinking about my muscles tensed up and they don't work smoothly So just breathing alone and getting extra oxygen in my body is a huge benefit for my muscles in my body to work better During my performance number two is the mindset for me. I like to be the underdog in a situation I've noticed that over the years when I'm playing against somebody that I have no chance of winning again So I think I don't which is a confidence thing I should probably think about is that I feel like I'm gonna win It's like they're supposed to beat me. I can't lose. I'm free I feel free to play how I want to play hard whatever state it is that you want to be in when you're performing against somebody or competing You can use this mindfulness practice to get yourself in the right mindset to help you perform at your best in whatever scenario You're in eliminate all the fear that leads me to my third point, which is visualization The visualizing has changed my dunk journey There was a dunk a two-hand dribble dunk that I couldn't beat for three years And then I started visualizing myself making it and it changed my workouts because I realized I couldn't even get myself to believe that I could achieve it so I had to go to a low rim to slowly build up my belief in myself and once I did that I literally got the dunk So visualize yourself achieving a goal and it literally changes your current state of being so you can change your energy and tell Your body to start reinforcing those patterns that you succeeded at what you're doing so you could believe it But you have to believe it before you can achieve it and one way to start believing it is to visualize Yo, I can prove it to you right now think of a moment of greatness in your sport where you achieve something amazing If you visualize it with all your senses your palms will sweat or you could think about on the moment that you've already achieved We've all experienced our palms sweating from some kind of thought and that's proof that your body doesn't know the difference between a thought That's happened in a different time and your current reality So uses visualization and change your current skin body But the point is visualize yourself achieving something you could believe it and your subconscious starts to believe it and you unlocked all the potential and that's Frickin amazing So that's it use meditation to strengthen that muscle of refocus build your awareness and achieve more and enjoy more And that's it stay tuned for more videos where I help you dunk and do anything, bro


This one's so good. You're never going to expect it. Decided.  What is this book? If you can get them for a good price, they are money. Hey, fellow buddies, thanks for watching. Amazing, right? All right, let's get started. Hey, fellow buddies, thanks for watching. All right, in this video, we are going to talk about big money Bolo's items to be on the lookout for items you can buy low and sell for a profit.  That's what this video is all about. And I will tell you that anybody can do it. So we are going to get started here. I posted this, share your best April Bolo in my Bolo Buddies Facebook group. And I invited everybody in the group to share their best Bolo. Now, in this video, you are going to see some big money Bolo's. Is it always like that? No. A lot of times we are just selling bread and butter items, items that we can pick up cheap and flip quick or items that we can buy for 50 cents and sell for $15. It is not always big money. And a lot of times items can be long tail. What does that mean? It means that they can sit for a while before they sell. So some people are long tail resellers. Some people are not. I personally, I don't care how long it takes to sell. Yes, I like a quick flip, but I am a very patient reseller. So I am going to share with you some big money Bolo's from the Facebook members. And if you're not in my Facebook group, it looks like this over 85,000 members. So you are definitely going to learn something new if you join this group. So I hope to see you there. There is a link tree down below. And if you click on that, all of my faith, I've got two Facebook groups, Instagram, Twitter, all of my links on social media are there. So definitely go and join. All right. So this first one comes from Bolo buddies member stellar seller Sam. It's always a tongue twister. And she is a Bolo buddies member. What that means is she has joined memberships on my YouTube channel, this channel to get a pop up of her YouTube channel here and a link down below. So these resellers are content creators with reseller content. So you definitely want to go subscribe to them because they're Bolo finders and you're going to learn a lot. So stellar seller Sam is a newer YouTube channel, but I will tell you her editing skills are incredible. Wow. I mean, when I first started and my editing skills still are not as good as hers. So definitely go check her out. But she said my first calculator sale got at the bends for less than $1 listed it and it sold for full asking price by the next morning. Definitely a Bolo will be picking up more when I see them. And this is what it looks like. It's a Texas Instruments TI 89 titanium graphing calculator. Some of these graphing calculators can go for over a hundred dollars. So if you see a graphing calculator, look it up. There's always a number on it. Search sold high to low and then listed because if you can get them for a good price, they are money. Now I will tell you, I don't know if this has happened to any of you. Let me know in the comments. Whenever I list a graphing calculator, it's always the same buyer. I think I haven't listed one for a while, but it seems like there's a certain I don't know if it's I'm guessing it's a reseller and they're buying them for something and reselling them for more. I don't know, but something about graphing calculators, they just fly out of my store. All right, you can sell them for parts if you only find the front of the case, you can sell that. If you only have the calculator part, you can sell that. So definitely keep that in mind. So if you're at the Goodwill Benz and you see just the top cover, somebody's looking for that or the battery cover, somebody needs it. All right, this one comes from Bolo Buddy's member Childhood Binds. I picked this book up at the local thrift store for four dollars. I listed high and took a best offer after a month and a half for 215. As an extra note, I found this first four in the Outlander series at this store and have officially sold all of them for a total of four hundred and twenty dollars. What is this book? Outlander by Diana Gabaldon first edition, first printing 1991. Two hundred and fifteen dollars. Yeah, that is crazy, right? I'm, I thought, I, it says P-A-N-G-A-I-A. I don't know, never heard of it. Pangaea, Pangaea. It's a sweatsuit and I can't see her title. So we're going to go with she's got the spelling right and look for this brand of clothing. Pangaea, Pangaea. All right, it says, I saw the set and it looked and felt like great quality. So I looked it up, retail the hoodies and sweatshirts each go for 130 plus. I did pay up a bit around 20 dollars for the set and just sold for an offer of 110. I might have undersolded it but my sales are down so I'm happy with what I got for it. So this is what it looks like. I'll try to maybe zoom in on the tag for you guys but or whatever this says right here but I've never seen this before so be on the lookout.  I'm like, look, it's going to the landfill. Like if I don't save some of it, it's all going to the landfill and somebody needs those dollhouse windows but this is a little bit different. So be nice, be nice, be nice.  My husband, he's kind of hilarious. I didn't know how funny he was until he did this video so definitely I'll link it down below. So what she says is I decided to separate and whoa, and empoly decanter and sell the stopper separate from the bottle. So she had the set and she sold it separate. She said, based on comps, you actually make more separating, sold within two weeks. Would you guys have kept it together or separated it? I don't know what I would have done. But after seeing this sold price, I'm like, she may have done the right thing. Vintage 7.5 inch empoly glass blue bubble hop nail genie bottle. And it's just the stopper. She sold it for $99 and 99 cents plus shipping. And I'm not sure what she paid for or where she got it, but I'm just like, you got to share it. So she said, somebody wrote, that's evil, but ingenious. I don't collect these, but I'm in plenty of Facebook groups where they do. And she said it was a tough decision, but I knew I'd keep putting it off. I have two actually and I still need to list the topper. So what I would say as long as she lists both parts and both parts are sold and go safely to a home where they can be used, it's still out there. You know what I mean? Personally, I'm not offended by this. I mean, she made more money doing it this way. And as resellers, I mean, that's usually the goal, right? To make the most for your item. Let me know in the comments. I think this is going to be crazy. The comments are going to be crazy on this one. Some of you are going to be like, no way. And some of you are going to be like, yes, I would do it. So be nice. But let me know what you think in the comments. I'm looking forward to seeing that. And you guys all got to go check the comments and see what everybody wrote. Okay. Bought this lot of Mario figures at an auction Wednesday night, picked it up Friday, started to go through the lot and 45 other lots I won. This one little figure was a total shock. Listed it yesterday and it sold tonight. Okay, let me see. It's really, really small. I can't see what it sold for. Oh my goodness. It's a Super Mario Brothers. It's so small.  I can't even tell you what it says. Is it Bowser maybe? He's the mean guy. What's the mean guy on Mario? And I can't see what it sold for.  And if I can't, I will try to reach out to the person that posted it and get you guys a bigger screenshot. So I don't know. But anyway, it's a Mario figure. So look up them Mario Brothers figures. It looks like some of them can be big money on their own. Holy double Bolo. This person says my first big plush sales. Oh. Apu-a-muah? Oh. Mi-meows. Apuma. Apuma. Apuma. Oh, guys, why? Why? Why can't it just be like happy meows or something? Okay, I'm going to show you what it looks like and you can read the title. Found the Potato Cat and Teapot Cat. Potato sold at 115 in less than a week with positive feedback and Teapot Cat put on auction and sold for $470. Then I had people messaging me after the auction trying to buy it for $550. But I wasn't about to ruin my integrity for a couple extra bucks. Oh, no. Apuma. APH-MAU. How on earth do you say that? Writes a YouTube series that is really big and sells the characters in plush form. Wow. So it's a YouTube series. These two are from the five original releases. There are only a thousand of those Teapot ones made. So super rare and super sought after. It had over 800 views in 10 days. Also a brand with super good sell through rate on eBay with lowest and most prices around 20. Oh, and only paid five each at the Goodwill. Okay, let's look at these things. So APH-MAU, me meows. And this is what they look like. Incredible. 100 and fit. Wait, would they say the first one, 115 best offer and 470 on auction for the second one. Wow. And they've still got the tags on them. That's that's great. Okay. Bought at a local thrift store here in Southern California for $1.08. Listed in my eBay and for $89. Took a best offer of $76 plus shipping sold on April 7th. It is a Gianni Versace Maroon and Gold Baroque Medusa print. Did I say it all right? $76 plus shipping. During our cleaning, during our cleaning, our house out to sell dug this out of our attic has been there since our son left in 2004 to attend college still worked. I think I paid $15 in the early 90s. Have another one called the Grossinator currently in my eBay store. Oh, what goodies I found in the attic that were his. It's a retired insultinator. It's an insultinator. I think I need one of these. Does it insult you? It's an insultinator. Says random insults. Many combinations. This is what it looks like. $84.49 plus shipping. I love it. Hi, Courtney. I have been watching your YouTube videos for a while and learning so much as a new seller on eBay. I have had this acrylic, acrylic spaghetti lamp for years sitting in my spare room. I love it, but I finally decided to list it sold for $450 plus shipping. I originally listed it cheaper, did some research, went back and revised it for much more. So glad I searched harder sold within a week. It is beautiful. It's loose site, you guys. Wow, that is awesome. And congratulations being a new reseller and selling something for $450. That's great. She only has seven feedback. So that is great. Yes. And yeah, doing deep dive research, research. All right. Here's another one. Pick this cool rushed in plush up at the Goodwill Benz where my daughter threw it aside and said, I don't want this creepy thing. So I grabbed it and paid less than $2 for it. There was only one other on eBay and it sold. So I knew I had a treasure. It sold for $400. My best Benz flip yet. And it's a rushed in pink bear. How fun is that? Yeah, if you guys don't know rushed in is a big money Bolo. I think I have a video on rushed in. If not, it's like mixed into my other one. This hoop. Oh my goodness. I love this one. This is one of those that is just so unexpected. You're going to be like, yep, yep. I'm making you wait. Just, I'm just going to make you wait a minute. This one's so good. You're never going to expect it. If you knew about this, let me know in the comments. If you didn't, let me know in the comments. This hoop was posted on eBay for auction and I purchased it in a lot of cross stitch hoops at a local thrift store for $3.97 all in for a bag of 20 hoops thrift store $3.97 for 20 of 20 hoops. After researching the wood hoops, I found out this queen hoop is very rare. This little thing measured six by three and it sold for $383.67. I was completely blown away that it even, that even in not great condition, it sold so well. So it wasn't even in good condition. Wow. Small oval queen embroidery hoop wood tension wheel felt lined USA six by three. Great keywords. This is what it looks like. Don't pass them up. Look them up. Wow. Almost 400 bucks for that thing. That is awesome. And that was an eBay auction. Somebody asked me, how do you know if it's an auction when I do these videos? Usually, I'll tell you if it's an auction. Usually, they will say if they took a best offer. And if not, it was probably just to buy it now. But like, do you see in this photo, you can see that this had 10 bids. So you know that it was an auction. All right. This one comes from Bolo Buddy's member. The eBay store is the Kitchy Canson. She said, my aunt found a box of these in her garage attic and asked if I wanted them. I had no idea what they were. But of course, I said, yes, please. After lots of research, I decided they had to be letter presses, but could not find any like what I had. I listed four of them starting at 40 to 50, each depending on size, the largest being five by five, took a best offer of 43 on this one and 52 more to sell. I will be sharing the profits with my amazing aunt. Oh, that's awesome. This is what they look like. So it says vintage printing, letterpress, printer, block stamp, copper, wood, water, fountain, peacock. How cool is that? All right. Bolo, Aviator Nation Purple Velvet Sweater. I went to a local thrift store in Oklahoma on my lunch break and they were having a sale. Fill a cart for 10. Fill a cart for 10. Wow. They were clearing out their winter items. I had no idea what I had and was unfamiliar with the brand. When I returned to work, I used Google Lens and was surprised to find this item is a Bolo. I had it listed at 185. Buyer sent an offer of 175 and I accepted. After Poshmark fees, my earnings was 140. By the way, I love your YouTube channel and I'm a frequent watcher. I've learned so many things, new things from you. Oh, thank you so much. I appreciate that. I really, really do. I have never heard of this brand and that is a huge profit. Fill a bag for 10 bucks and it sold for 175. If you're not familiar with Poshmark, they do take 20%, but the shipping over there is a flat rate. If it's five pounds or less, so I like to use Poshmark on those heavier items that are like four or five pounds. Like board games are great over there. I mean, I'll put anything on Poshmark, but some of those heavier things like a pair of roller skates, as long as they're less than five pounds and it's not like a huge box, you're good to go. And that shipping is going to be cheaper over there. I think it's like $7 and it's just under eight bucks the last time I looked, but I don't know if they, I think they may have just had a price increase, but I think it's still under eight bucks. So I do have a referral link down below. If you guys want to sell on Poshmark, you'll get $10 to shop with my referral link. If you want to sell on Mercari, there's a link down below for that as well. You will get $10 to shop when you join with that link. And if you sell $100 worth of stuff, I mean, we are resellers, right? You will get another $20 to shop. And then you can take that $30 and you can buy something to resell and make even more money. I'm always like trying to give you guys ways to make money. So both those links are down below. I'd appreciate it if you guys use them. I start my items on eBay. I use List Perfectly to cross post. If you don't know what List Perfectly is, it's a way to cross post your items. You can use the catalog or you can cross post manually from one platform to another. You can start on Mercari and go to eBay. You can start on Poshmark and go to the other platforms. I have videos on all of that. Just type in Bolo Buddies List Perfectly into the YouTube search and it will pull up all my different videos. They're tutorials, they're demos. They show you how to do it because if I'm going to invest my money and my time into something, I want to know that it has good value for me, for my business. I have been using List Perfectly since 2019 and I can tell you it is amazing. But the demo video down below in the description that's actually in the description of the video kind of covers a little bit of everything. So that's the one I would recommend that you watch first.  Highly recommend it. So definitely check that out. More eyes on your items when they're on more platforms, okay? Let's do one more. No, let's do two more. Let's do two more. Vintage 18 inch carved wood teddy bear figurine, head, hands, and legs move. This is what it looks like and it sold on Poshmark for $60. This next one comes from Take Two Enterprises and this is her eBay store. Bought this the last day of an estate sale in a bundle around a dollar listed and sold for full asking price of $59.99 plus shipping in less than 10 minutes. Do you think she undersold it or do you think she priced it just right? Let me know in the comments. I even had it listed higher than all the others. Well, I mean, if she had it listed higher, something stood out. She must have had good keywords or something. We East China herbal ultimate renewal. Maybe is it a face cream? Maybe a face cream? This is what it looks like. And again, anybody that is a Bolo Buddies member, I have their links down in the description. So go follow their eBay stores and definitely subscribe to them if they are YouTubers because they have awesome reseller content. All right, we're going to do one more. This one sold for $190 best offer. It is a vintage Pyrex Horizon blue Cinderella mixing bowls set of four bought for about 45 total for the set at a local nonprofit thrift store and sold for $190. They are vintage Pyrex Apollo 11 Horizon blue set of Cinderella mixing bowls. And this is what they look like. And you know what that looks like to me? It looks like a nightmare to ship. But the money's nice, right? But a nightmare to ship. I'm sorry, but how do you even ship that? How do you ship that? Oh, let me know in the comments if you guys have a secret tip for shipping. What do you call that? Where they sit down inside of each other? The bowls that sit down inside of each other. I can't think of it right now. This is me thinking. I can't think of it. It's not in the title. Help me out. Help me out in the comments. How do you ship this? And what's it called when they fit down inside of each other? All right, you guys, thank you so much for being here. Thank you for watching. There's going to be some videos popping up here and here. A subscribe and another video down below.  What is that called? It's going to come to me as soon as I turn this video off. Oh, you guys know that? Like when you're trying to figure it out. It's like right there on the tip of my tongue. I just don't know. All right, you guys, thanks for being here. Thanks for watching. Be sure to like, comment, subscribe. And if you know someone who'd be interested in this type of content, share it out. I would appreciate it so much. Thanks for watching. Seller's Stellars. Nope. My listing below. Vintage carved wood teddy bear. Figuring head, hands and legs move. $60. Size approximately 16 inches. I am so confused here. Vintage 18 inch carved wood teddy bear. Vintage head, heads and what is happening here? Oh, I think they're giving me the title. Okay, so they were telling me and then they gave me the title. Okay, so I'm going to start over. We're just going to fix this. My listing below. Approximately, no. Let's try this again. This is so confusing the way it's written.


friends and welcome to Norris Cove. I'm Yoshida and today we're gonna do a plan with me and my business planner. If you're new here this planner came from Target. It was like $35. I think I got it in like maybe December, November of last year. So I don't do too too much in here but I do use it. I keep pretty much all my months in this one because I try and plan for the month in here and I love parking papers monthly. It's like my favorite. As you can see I have stuff listed here to do and I don't always stick to this but I like to kind of write out a schedule. I was using the page flags to like do things like let's say film or task cards. Let's say film, edit or what have you but I wanted to just kind of write in it. I felt like if I write in it then it becomes real. You all know I always say if you write it down it becomes real. So I've already filmed a video that was on Sunday so today I was supposed to film on Tuesday but today is Wednesday so we're just going to move film over here and it's the reset of business planner but we're just going to do a basically plan with me in here and basically my process of planning now. So I'm going to catch you up on all my new things that I do. So on my last video I showed you guys this desk pad by cloth and paper that I use and I use it to put down mainly business stuff, some personal things to you know keep me reminded when I'm here in the office. So today is Wednesday so we got film YTV excuse me YT video which is YouTube video um $2 Tuesday ends field orders. I've already filled orders and to ship is the orders. Let me get a pen my pen I took it out of here now I don't know where it is but I have another one here which I also like and this is a pilot precise v7rt so ship orders and I have them out for my mail lady to get so that's what we have on the agenda today but again I haven't really wrote you know everything down that I need to do that's right here so I'm just going to take that out so I have my pencil pouch with my highlighters in it here is there's my pen so here's my little photo box I use for all my stickers that I just use more often and then I have this is my little monthly script sheet I did before I started selling them so that's why it looks different and then I have my other pouch here with some more stickers so I am going to use a little bit of stickers um just because and then I have my weekday script stickers here so the first thing I want to do is kind of date it so we're in May May I put this here and then today is Wednesday so I'm going to pull a Wednesday script sticker okay so next I just take a highlighter sticker I mean a highlighter a Tombow this one is like my favorite I believe it is the 800 it may be 850 and I just highlight schedule to do lists and my priorities today um is to definitely fill any orders and ship I'm going to also use some of my do drop stickers I've already seldom used the this size right here I either use a small or the big one so I'm just going to put it right there and I'm going to put field orders and then also I'm a little give me a little sneak peek I made some mailbox stickers for the shop they'll probably be for next week's $2 Tuesday probably so then we have ship orders I needed to add new deco sheets to Etsy and I'm just going to use another one of these I'm going to use the lighter one and business wise oh point inventory which I've done but I still have some more to do so I think I got like a pointer I'm going to use this but I think I have like a pointer sticker in my icons here so let's find this pointer here we go some pointer stickers so I'm just going to sit a little bit off a little bit off to the side so that you can still see the dot okay for an inventory and what else do we need to do for today so while I think about that I move on to my schedule so before seven o'clock I had to take my daughter to work but I guess we just put it there take this into work which is already in my daily you know and then I have my coffee time and that's my little fancy script and then I'm going to use one of my braiding coffee mugs so let me see what I want I think I'll use deep thoughts and it's funny because I have a deep I just made a deep thoughts um deco sheet and that reminds me see I just thought of something else I needed to do it's a point another um sheet y'all the thing just popped right out of my hand so there it is have another deco sheet to plant I'm going to um design you guys um Anika at Anika's creative closet Anika creative closet and Sondi over at Planner Craver and I we're all having a Memorial Day sale I hope you guys will participate um it starts March 20th I mean March May 22nd and um I can't wait I'm excited we're giving you 15% off the entire store so make sure to check that out so I'm trying to get some things uploaded um especially for that sale so I'm just going to put these glasses here because it's another one of my favorites I just basically make stickers for me and just see figure that share them in case anyone wanted to wanted them and then we got these shipping boxes these are also in my shop so I mainly make them for myself and just hope people like what I like okay design new deco sheet so now um I'm a little late but I just had lunch about 1130 so here's my little lunch stickers or little cutlery she getting a whole lot of deco today so those are my main priorities that I need to do um anything else I might to do at least I definitely to do list I definitely need to um organize my office and I bought a um a new like uh it is a workstation for my office so I've been trying to get paper in there um you know just kind of decorate and put everything up so I need to finish that so organize office organize paper and I really think um I need to get another something because I'm running out of space also I need to empty paper trash or just the trash period from the office and I'm gonna go back to priorities and put film YouTube video even though I'm doing it as we speak but it was a priority because I'm trying to stick to a schedule you guys and I want to be able to announce to you that I'm doing two to three two to three videos a week and I want to have the days down so like I had it in my planner for Tuesday I don't know how it got there but I thought it was for Wednesday it's in for Wednesday and another planner so so that was a priority to me and as you can see that was on my um desk planner okay empty paper trash I need to clean out and by me getting that workstation it made a little more room on one of my desk which I'm using like a card table for one because my husband has my table so now I'm going to take my blush dot stickers and I'm just gonna highlight the hours so this is like the most deco I've done I will highlight the hours on some things sometimes in my um business planner I will maybe um use dots for the priorities so now I'm just going to take my ruler and make a line and if I need to fill in anything which I find myself that I do I need to pick up my daughter and before to pick up destiny and then dinner and I'm debating we'll see if I got my pot stickers and I do and now I'm using my pot stickers I know a lot of this is mainly my shop but that's the reason I make the stickers because I like them and I need them so I'm gonna use that pot sticker right there see what else yeah organized office organized paper empty paper trash from office clean off desk oh it's not a priority but it is on my to-do list I want to make new colors of the dot stickers and I've been wanting to do some decorative flags and I need to fix another sticker kit um I probably showed it but maybe on my Instagram you guys may not have seen it but it's these stickers right here I redid them and I thought I liked them but I want them to take them back to this but now I've kind of lost the file so I want to redo those and I've been trying not to put too much on my to-do list because I don't want to just be making plans to be making plans and I'm not doing them you understand what I'm saying so I try to just leave it less the less I leave it the more I get done and then if I need to add to what I will so now I'm taking out this is tan but it's actually the nude I had made a tan but it looked just like the nude so I just kept this one for myself let me see if I got so I'm just going to take these and highlight the things that I've done which is take my daughter to work this one y'all these will probably not go back on sale for $2 Tuesday so I did print some of them too I hope you grab some okay let's see I'm filming a YouTube video so I'm going to take another highlighter sticker put here and then what I like to do sometimes like if it's a long word just showing you guys I'll double it up because they are transparent they're see-through and you can still see okay and so like I said I want to kind of leave things minimal as possible as far as adding to my to-do list because like the more I add the less it's going to get done so this is good and I actually think I have too much so I'm going to put those back now let me show you again what I use I use my eyeglass stickers I use my dot stickers and blush I used the medium dew stickers or teardrop stickers those are in my shop and then I used the highlighter stickers in nude this says tan but they're really nude it was just a different name and then I use my cutlery it's in my shop as well it has like a light blush background very very faint and what else did I do I don't have a zoom oh and I used the shipping boxes they're in my shop and I used these envelopes they're coming to the shop and I use script stickers and those are already in my shop and then I use the icon from the icon sheet I think this one is what I made for myself so that's pretty much it right now I don't think there is any notes that I need to take sometimes I'll write down an encouraging affirmation or an encouraging word for myself I do that on my daily plans in my regular daily plan in my extension planner so right now for some reason I just can't think of anything so I'll leave that blank and then I need to go to the grocery store but that's on my regular thing so I'll decide what dinner is once I go there so that's it you guys that's how I daily plan in my business planner again I look at the week normally I would do a weekly one so we're gonna do that one next week I'll show you guys how I plan for the week in my business and being that I don't presently work at the time I have the time to plan for the week matter of fact I just thought about I should abort some more weekly inserts but I have more time to plan and stay in the office when I worked I wasn't in my Etsy shop as much so now I have a lot of time to dictate to the Etsy shop which is pretty much my business so I appreciate you guys watching I hope everyone is doing well and staying safe if you enjoyed today's video which I hope that you did that you learned anything or you have any questions please feel free to hit me up and I'd be happy to comment with you or converse with you in the comment section and answer any of your questions or concerns alright don't forget to check out my Etsy shop it's listed below all my major social media is listed below feel free to follow me anywhere here on the web thank you all again so much for watching and I'll see you in my next video bye


Hello and welcome to this overview of the hardware architecture of the STM32-MP1 series. This block diagram summarizes the key features of the STM32-MP157, which is part of the high-end line of the STM32-MP1 series. The STM32-MP157 microprocessor integrates dual Cortex A7 32-bit core with single and double precision floating point units, plus the ARM NEON advanced SIMD instruction set, and can run at up to 650 MHz. Each core has a 32 kilobyte level 1 instruction cache and a 32 kilobyte level 1 data cache, plus 256 kilobytes of level 2 cache shared between the two cores. In addition to this powerful application core, it also embeds a Cortex M4 32-bit risk core with single precision floating point unit running at up to 209 MHz. Finally, a powerful 3D GPU is available supporting OpenGL ES 2.0 and running at up to 533 MHz. The internal SRAM memory size is 708 kilobytes with a scattered architecture split into 256 kilobytes of AXI system RAM, plus 384 kilobytes of AHBMCU subsystem RAM, plus 64 kilobytes of AHBMCU subsystem retention RAM in backup domain, and 4 kilobytes of SRAM in the backup domain to keep data in the lowest power modes. This line also includes up to 37 communication peripherals in addition to an LCD TFT controller interface, which can feed pixels to a parallel or display serial interface, or DSI, having two data lanes up to 1 gigabit per second each. The STM32 MP157 line also embeds low power 16-bit ADCs running at up to 3 MHz per second 12-bit DACs as well as 29 timers. The STM32 MP1 bus architecture is split into two interconnect matrices, ARM Cortex A7 and ARM Cortex M4 operating in different frequency domains, which can be set in low power modes independently. One high-speed ARM core link, NIC 400 network interconnect AXI-based performing interconnection between master and slaves on the ARM Cortex A7 side, called the MPU side, operating at 266 MHz CKACLK and allowing an internal bandwidth up to 2 gigabits per second between each master and slave. This matrix is optimized for low latency and very high bandwidth master transfers to and from external DDR as well as internal SRAMs. An internal DDR memory provides a raw bandwidth up to 4 gigabits per second. Peripherals belonging to the AXI domain are connected to AHB-5, AHB-6, APB-4 through AHB-6, and APB-5 buses. One multi-layer AHB interconnect or ML-AHB performing interconnection between master and slaves on the ARM Cortex M4 side, called the MCU side, with an architecture inherited from former MCU and operating at 209 MHz CK MCU. AXI interconnected matrix or AXM and multi-layer AHB or ML-AHB are connected together to enable the sharing of any peripheral by any master. Blocks with dashed lines are not available on all product lines. Security is not shown in this overview. The AXI matrix is enabling the interconnection between up to 11 masters and 12 slave peripherals. The AHB matrix is enabling the connection between up to 10 masters and 9 slave peripherals. Some memories are dedicated to Cortex A7 core access, for example BootROM and DDR, and benefit from the optional access control using the ARM TrustZone technology. The memory map addressed by any masters is the same. All peripherals are visible at the same address, simplifying the development and debug. There is no dynamic memory remapping. Only part of the MCU SRAM and RETRAM memories are aliased on two locations to allow Cortex M4 access optimizations. The reset and clock controller or RCC manages the system reset and the peripherals clock generation. The STM32 MP15X microprocessor embeds three internal oscillators, two oscillators for an external crystal or resonator, and four phase locked loops or PLLs managed by the RCC. Outside the RCC there is also one dedicated PLL for the high speed USB. For STM32 MP15X lines with a display serial interface or DSI, one additional PLL is dedicated to the clocking of this interface. Many peripherals have their own clock, independent of the system clock, to allow maximum flexibility. The RCC provides high flexibility in the choice of the clock sources. This enables the system designer to meet both power consumption and accuracy requirements. The numerous independent peripheral clocks allow a designer to adjust the system power consumption without impacting the communication baud rates, and also keep some peripherals active in low power mode. The STM32 MP15X microprocessor requires various dedicated power supplies to work. VDD has a wide range and is mostly used to supply the IOs. VDDCore is the main supply for the internal logic. VDDA is used for the analog parts of the chip. VDDQ DDR is the IO voltage for the DDR interface. This voltage depends on the selected memory type and is 1.2 volts for LPDDR2 or LPDDR3. 1.35 volts for DDR3L and 1.5 volts for DDR3 memories. VDD3V3 USBHS and USB3V3 USBFS are used to supply the embedded USB physical interface for respectively high speed and full speed ports. The STM32 MP15X also supplies some internal regulators to supply the USB and DSI physical interfaces. The core entering low power mode is controlled by software. When one core enters C stop mode, the domain and system operating mode depend on the other core mode. LP stop system mode could be used to control external supplies to reduce the system power. LPLV stop system mode could be used to control external supplies as well as reducing the VDD core voltage to reduce the system power. External power supplies are controlled using dedicated power on or power LP signals in addition to some external software settings when an external power management IC or PMIC is used. Peripherals with IOs are mapped on GPIO alternate functions or AF MUX. Some peripherals are managed by boot ROM and can be used as system control or program download during the initialization phase. UART and USB are used to set up the system and or download code into the external flash memory. Note that FD-CAN is not available on the STM32 MP151 line. SDMMC can be a boot source by using either SD card or SDMMC1 or EMMC or SDMMC2 memory cards. Quad SPI Bank 1 can be a boot source for serial NOR and serial NAND flash memories. FMC could be a boot source for SLC parallel NAND flash memories. Cryptography is not available on STM32 MP15XA devices. Securable GPIOs are only available on STM32 MP15XXAA, LFBGA44818x18 and STM32 MP15XXAC, TFBGA361 12x12 devices. The LCD controller can provide up to WXGA at 60 frames per second or 63 megapixels per second. Higher resolutions are available with reduced frame rate assuming the pixel clock remains in the allowed range. A 3D GPU is available on the STM32 MP157 line and can process up to 26 megapixels per second or 133 megapixels per second. A display serial interface or MIPI DSI is available on the STM32 MP157 line and can provide up to WXGA at 60 frames per second or 63 megapixels per second. Higher resolutions are possible with reduced frame rate assuming the LTDC pixel clock and the data lane rate remain in the allowed range. OTP fuses are memory fields which could be programmed once and then cannot be altered anymore. The BSAC IP manages the control of the OTP fuses including reading, programming and secure accesses. The OTP content includes product configuration and unique numbers. The OTP could contain OEM information such as the MAC address, secret keys or any relevant data. Up to 1184 bits are fully available for OEM various purposes. Various blocks are managing the transversal system control. The major ones are the reset and clock controller or RCC, the power management or PWR which controls the system power modes, security which is controlled by trust zone inside the Cortex A7 core as well as various blocks. The enhanced trust zone protection controller or ETZ PC defines which peripherals are secure or not, isolated or not. The trust zone address space controller for DDR, TZC blocks unwarranted access to DDR data. The main points to be noted from this presentation are the STM32 MP15X embeds a Cortex A7 core able to run powerful operating systems like Linux or Android. The STM32 MP15X embeds as well a Cortex M4 core able to run real time tasks or act as a co-processor to reduce the Cortex A7 load or power. The STM32 MP15X always needs an external DDR memory to run the operating system. And the STM32 MP157 line includes a GPU which provides rich graphic capabilities for the operating system.


It is Anton from CSCS, is a software developer that are working with the community and is very much in max activity and it would present you a different approach to the user and the user of Accelerator computing than domain specific library. I would like to thank everyone for giving me the opportunity to explain our vision of CSCS on the code, on porting codes to GPUs and following from the description of the talk it's about using the libraries. As you know we are CSCS, we operate one of the largest supercomputers in the world and it's the top one supercomputer in Europe with more than 500 or 5000 nodes equipped with P100 with a big performance of roughly 20 beta flops. So it's a large installation and if you look at the node design, so it's very easy as Massimiano mentioned. So it consists of a CPU which is connected to a memory and a GPU which is connected to its memory, very fast memory and so the problem is here. So there is a very slow connection between the CPU and GPU and of course we want our users to fully utilize the GPUs because that's the main source of compute power so the card gives roughly four teraflops of performance. And unfortunately with GPU cards it's not easy as Calvo said today there is no magic silver bullet so you cannot just click your finger, recompile the code and run it on the GPU so you have to work. This is, we realize that in any codes that are going through the face of refactoring and porting to GPUs, users or developers, they have to do several steps. So they have to clean up the code, they have to rearrange sometimes the modules, maybe or may not they change the layout, it depends on the code. So they have to prepare for the single node so they have to squeeze the maximum from the CPUs first and then when they realize, okay, so we have a bottleneck in CPU computation so then we can start moving things to GPUs. So it's a long, long pass and if we talk about codes that have hundreds of thousands of photon code, it can become a challenge. And this is one challenge, the second challenge is when you are at the level of porting. So okay, the people come to Hackathon so they are ready to port their code and so when there they have a possibility to use a CUDA Fortran or CUDA C which is maybe the most, you get the most control of the card here but you need to have an expertise on CUDA or you can have a possibility to use OpenCL, OpenACC or OpenMP technologies and these two are pragma based so which are easier to use because they have, so you don't have the full control over the cards or what you do. OpenCL is, it gives you performance portability but I think OpenCL is not supported by NVIDIA at least there is 1.1 version of, and the current version is OpenCL 2.2 I think. So there are issues with all these things and users get ticked in the panic mode so say okay, we don't want to deal with this, please don't, let's stay with CPUs and this is one reason and the second reason why we still have this because GPU systems are in production for maybe six years already and our electronic structure codes they should benefit a lot from the GPUs because we are doing a lot of linear algebra and GPUs are designed to do a lot of dense linear algebra stuff and still this does not happen I think because if we draw this relation between users, code developers and compute scientists and between supercomputer centers and codes we can draw this as green lines I think these lines are green which means that users have nice relations with compute scientists so we answer tickets we explain how to run codes users have nice relations with code developers code developers know the code compute scientists know the computer and that's all good and the rest I think can be green can be orange or can be red so there is sometimes there is a good relation here sometimes not and sometimes compute scientists cannot get the full codes because it's thousands of lines or four turns so you cannot decipher it easily and codes or modern architectures do not run efficiently or not always run efficiently and that's I think that's we think that's an issue and to give some example not related to condensed matter to our stuff but at CSCS we had a good experience with MetuSWIS code which was the same it was hundreds of thousands of lines of Fortron code and it was the same problem that compute scientists could not understand the full code the full code couldn't run on the GPUs and the code developers MetuSWIS they could not afford to spend their time to port the code to GPUs and so what they did there so they separate the code into two pieces they first split it into two pieces one was doing stencil operations one was doing physics and the physics part was a huge piece of code but it did not consume too much computer resources and the physics part they kept on Fortron with open SCC pragmas and the stencil part which was 90% compute of compute time was spent in the stencil operations the people ported to GPUs with a CUDA with very highly optimized backends and that allowed MetuSWIS to switch from a CPU production code to a GPU production code and to increase the density of the grid and to do forecasts in a much better way and Switzerland is not a flat country so they need to have a very precise forecast so coming back to our turning strategy codes we are dealing with I think most of the turning strategy codes we can fit into this table so where we treat our basis as a periodic block function so plane waves or similar stuff or localized orbitals and so when we have a full potential or pseudo-potential treatment and so these are mainly the codes which and so we are interested in plane wave codes where historically we are interested in this segment where for example BASP is used in the United States to run a materials project heavily and Quantum Express is used in Marvel project to generate a lot of results and Quantum Express is a super popular code so the green are the codes that are fully or partially GPU enabled and it's after six years some of the codes have the GPUs there and some of the codes I can probably highlight Quantum Express so it's intermediate states of the transition but some of the codes are still not GPU enabled which is a sad news so why we are interested in these things because they are fast and so why we are interested in these codes they are precise if you remember there is a Delta DFT effort so that tries to compare the results of total energies and so they take win2k it's a full potential LAPW code as a reference so this class of codes are slow but they deliver the best precision in a couple of slides what is the pseudo potential the pseudo potential code is the code that works with regular grid so they map the unit cell to regular grid all the functions are expanded on plane waves and the potential is replaced by pseudo potential so the basis is a plane wave basis and the expansion is in plane waves so what is good about pseudo potential codes it's what is not so good so there is approximation to atomic potential so you have to be careful how you pick your pseudo potential you don't have core states so if you want to do core spectroscopy you have to be careful there so the number of basis functions is typically is 1000 pyrratum and the number of values states is roughly hundreds of a percent which means you can build effective iterative subspace denials schemes for pseudo potential codes also which is very nice and it is very good that you can easily compute atomic forces and stress so you can easily do molecular dynamics with pseudo potential code the full potential LETW code like FLIR which is part of the max project of VIN2K or exciting so they what they do is they partition space into non-overlapping spheres and inside spheres they will use a spherical expansion and outside of spheres they will use a plane wave basis so it's a plane wave inside the sphere it's some linear combination of atomic solutions and matching coefficients that match your plane wave in the sphere boundary and the same for density and potential so there is no approximation to potential potential is exact and that's why it's called full potential and so this is good so there are the core states you can explicitly put all the core states into your basis so you can do all the core spectroscopy typically the basis number of basis functions is 100 per atom typically which means it's a much less smaller basis size number of valence states is larger of course and the problem is that overlap matrix has a very bad condition number so it's a very highly conditioned number so you cannot build easily the iterative scheme so you have to do a full deganization so that's the problem of full potential codes or LEPW codes that you have to diagonalize or Hamiltonian matrix explicitly you can easily compute forces you can move items around pretty okay but you cannot compute stress easily I think FLIR may be the one of the codes that compute stress analytically otherwise you have to do numerical schemes so you have to do 5 or 4 point interpolation then you have to compute several ground states to compute the derivative of the total energy versus strain so that's why full potential code cannot be easily used to do molecular dynamics but it can be at least used to verify your your results and so when we analyze these two classes of codes we discover that there are a lot of things that are very common to both of the codes for FFTs and plane wave definition and all the indexing of the localized functions and symmetrization base ground coefficients and stuff which is common and so when we talk about porting codes to GPUs we decided okay there is a lot of common stuff here and if you want to separate the concerns let's do it to the library not directly on the series or not directly on the exciting code or directly on the quantum espresso code and so that's why the series library was born in order to help in order to help the quantum espresso and exciting codes to get access to GPUs so what you want to do we want to just to modify the codes a little bit not as much as you want to do with Scuder Fortran but you want to have a small impact on the codes as possible so we want to inject we want to inject some codes to an API that will allow to run us the codes on GPUs without heavy modification and the question is where to draw the lines so what we can put in this box so what goes into a library or what stays here actually everything that original code has it stays here that's not a problem we just have a switch that will enable the GPU execution through the series library and at this stage we are we decided we want to encapsulate the DFT ground state so not more not less and so we can talk about this as a quantum engine so you can easily create a quantum engine based on this library so you can ask a library please solve me the ground state and it will return you back the way functions called density so potential so there are several things are implemented for full potential part and pseudo potential part so we end process of improving the functionalities so we want to add LDA plus U to the pseudo potential part of the code and the same for full potential part of the code so we want to do better API with quantum espresso the code itself is a set of classes so we built we want to build a DFT like objects that represents our DFT cycle so we have a set of classes and we start from simple cases of simple classes like representation of G vectors or representation of the FFT driver or wave functions and then we propagate to the top where we have super classes that solve a problem or the DFT ground state as a whole so we also like to stress that we try to write a documentation so not only what is implemented but it is always possible but we try to write how and why the things are coded in such a way and so try to give sometimes a small mathematical script that you can run in a notebook and reproduce the formulas that are coded and the code is documented with doxygen and so doxygen allows you to browse, navigate and use the complex diagrams of the code so the way we now interact with quantum espresso is one way we do we wait for the updates on the main quantum espresso forts and so once these updates are pushed to the quantum espresso forts so we fetch them from time to time to our branch and so we we mirror the quantum espresso code and we maintain our branch with a patched version where we pull our changes and so we are always synchronized with the main quantum espresso trunk so it's every, if a new feature here so it will very soon be, it will soon be, it will appear here so because we do an interface we have to be a little bit careful how we initialize stuff so because quantum espresso needs to start up itself it prepares a lot of things, it reads the input file it prepares the beta projectors and radial functions so we have to wait for it and once the quantum espresso done with insertization so we can initialize series and so then we can start setting and fetching back the objects and for the ground state currently we don't encapsulate the whole ground state so we split it into pieces so for example the series solves the bend problem so the most heavy part and it generates the density while the symmetrization and mixing and generation of effective potential it happens on the quantum espresso side so that's why in this case we are not responsible for symmetrization or for exchange correlation potential a couple of examples so one is this variable serialization of diluted of silicon germanium alloy or germanium which is as Simeon explained it was done on our piece-dined machine on one, two, five and ten nodes because the number of k-points is ten so you can fit it perfectly into one, two and five or ten nodes and so we took our hybrid nodes hybrid nodes and possible nodes and knl nodes and this is the the baseline of the normal quantum espresso that's the series-enabled quantum espresso on CPUs and the result is more or less the same the small variation because the number of operations is more or less the same that's the knl version and knl is in this example it's more or less the same so knl is not faster actually while in theory it is two times more flops than a Broadwell node so in reality knl works as a Broadwell node and that's the GPU result so GPU code is of course faster than a Broadwell node which is good the second example is a bit larger so it's a 288th atom unit cell of platinum cluster in water and it was run on the same setup of p100 nodes of Haswell, of Broadwell nodes and knl nodes and that's the number of k-points here is two and so the parallelization was used and that's why the good numbers for the nodes is two times nine, two times 16 and two times 25 to build a square grid and that's what normal QE is doing that's the QE with Sirius library that's the QE on the knl and here knl is worse than the Broadwell node and that's the QE with Sirius with GPU so it's again it's roughly two times faster than the Broadwell node and so the last example is for exciting code so exciting is a full potential code and so for this example so we did again, we compiled exciting with Sirius and so for the test we picked a 96th atom unit cell of manganese base organic, metal organic framework so this system has 24 k-points and so that's why it's perfectly mapped on 12 or 24 or 6 nodes and so we try to run it on on hybrid nodes and on CPUs and so that would be that would be the result of the normal exciting code on CPU partitions so because there are 24 k-points the canonical exciting code at maximum can have can run on 24 ranks that's the maximum they can do and I can put this ranks a stupor node so it's one rank per socket with 18 cores one rank per node and for normal exciting code I would get this so because of the because one rank on 36 cores which are in two sockets it doesn't work very well so that's why the exciting user will get his best time to solution he will get on 12 nodes it will take him around 7 hours, 6 hours so it's in minutes so it will take him 7 hours to get time to solution that's the best the exciting user can get so if he will use the same setup but with Sirius he will get faster result but Sirius provides a full parallel solver so the user can also go parallel in terms of the organization so he can grab more nodes and so on a CPU partition with 260 nodes the user can get 44 minutes to solution which is where this was 6 hours to solution which is already better and if we trigger the GPU code so the GPU code is roughly 7 times faster and so we use magma for the organization so the best time to solution for this case will be on 24 nodes and 26 minutes so for LAPW it makes a lot of sense to use GPUs because the magma library which is doing the organization is amazing here so it's a matrix of 16,000 this diagonalize maybe in 50 seconds it's incredible so GPUs are good and that's our message so thank you for your attention