is Melissa Ashman. My pronouns are she, her, hers. My dissertation research focuses on social justice and inclusive teaching. So throughout this presentation, you will hear me provide verbal descriptions of any images that I've included on my slides. You might also notice that my slides are a little plain Jane. This is intentional for reasons of accessibility. So a transcript of my speaking notes can be viewed at the URL on screen or you can scan the QR code if you want to view my notes and follow along. You got it, you're good? Okay. So on this slide, you will see a map of British Columbia and Alberta with several colorful areas indicating the lands and territories of several First Nations. I've included this image to help provide context for my territorial land acknowledgement. So I'm an instructor at Quantlin Polytechnic University, which is located in British Columbia, Canada. KPU shares its name with the Quantlin Nation, which is a First Nation located along the Fraser River, so in the lower left hand quadrant of the image. It's located along the Fraser River between Richmond and New Westminster in the west, Surrey and Langley in the south, Mission in the East and Stave Lake in the north. KPU has five campuses, which are located on the unceded territories of the Quantlin, Musqueam, Semiamu, Tawasang, Kikai, and Coquitlam peoples. I'm also a student in the Doctor of Education in Distance Education Program at Athabasca University, which is located about an hour north of here on the ancestral and traditional lands of the Cree and the Métis. And today I'm presenting to you from here in Edmonton, which is located within Treaty Six territory within the Métis homelands and Métis Nation of Alberta, Region Four. And there are traditional territories of many First Nations, including the Nehio, the Dene Celune, the Nacoda Sioux, the Anishinaabe, and the Nietsitapae. So Canada's history is rooted in colonization and the oppression and genocide of indigenous peoples. So providing land and territory acknowledgements at the beginning of meetings or gatherings is one small way to recognize the ongoing responsibility for supporting truth and reconciliation. And as a settler in Canada, I offer this acknowledgement to support truth and reconciliation and to help provide background and context for who I am and from where I come. I'm a member of the Global OER Graduate Network, which is also known as GOGN, which is represented by penguins, in this case, presented on screen in an image by visual thinkery of one cartoon penguin giving another a piggyback ride while waving and carrying a white flag with the GOGN logo. And I'm really grateful for the financial support of GOGN to attend the OE Global Conference and the pre-conference workshop. So in my presentation today, I'm gonna provide a little bit of background. So if I'm gonna be asking you for feedback, you kinda need to know what I'm doing, what I'm wanting to do. I'll share my interview questions and we'll have a choose your own adventure activity for reviewing and providing feedback. So it's often assumed that open education by virtue of improving access to education automatically supports social justice, but this is not the case. And online learning is frequently thought to improve students' access to education, but the online environment can, in fact, be a site of social injustice for historically marginalized students. So as a result, using open pedagogy in an online course to support social justice requires intentionality on the part of the instructor. And I argue that social justice leadership is what makes this intentionality possible. So in other words, there are ways to use open pedagogy that do not support social justice, as shown by the yellow circle. And there are ways to engage in social justice that do not involve open pedagogy as shown in the blue circle. And though there are reasons for developing social justice leadership that do not involve open pedagogy, I argue that engaging in open pedagogy to support social justice requires the development of social justice leadership. So it's that intersection of those two circles that I want to explore. So that we're all on the same page, I'm using the definition of open pedagogy provided by Hegerty, which is that open pedagogy has eight attributes, participatory technologies, people, openness and trust, innovation and creativity, sharing ideas and resources, connected community, learner generated reflective practice and peer review. I'm using Nancy Fraser's definition of social justice, which is parody of participation. She states there can be economic, political and cultural social injustices and remedies can be affirmative or transformative. And I'm using a definition of social justice leadership provided by Theo Harris, which is that it is a leadership approach that makes issues of race, class, gender, disability, sexual orientation and other historically and currently marginalizing conditions central to the advocacy, leadership practice and vision. I'm taking a critical approach to this and my methodology will be interpretive phenomenology. So my overarching research question is what are the experiences of online faculty in using open pedagogy to support social justice? And I have three sub questions. How do the faculty conceptualize social justice? How do they operationalize it using open pedagogy? And what strategies and approaches do they use to develop their social justice leadership? I plan to recruit faculty participants from my institution, which is KPU, and to conduct two rounds of one-on-one semi-structured interviews with each consenting participant. So I'm gonna pause here for a little signpost. I'm going to share my round one and round two interview questions with you and then I will describe what the options are for providing feedback. We get to choose our own adventure so you get to choose what works for you and then we'll make some decisions. Sound good? Awesome. Okay, so the draft of my questions for the first interview and I apologize. Little font, it's a little font. So the first question is asking people to share with me how they identify in whatever identities they have. Second question is getting me, I want to find out how their journey to using open pedagogy in online courses came about. Has it changed over time? How are they using it and what is their experience in using it? What does social justice mean to them? And what does it mean to have a social justice perspective when using open pedagogy in an online course? How do they support social justice by using open pedagogy? What strategies, approaches and practices do they use to develop the social justice leadership and is there anything else they want to talk about? So those are the first round questions and I'll put them back on screen. Second round will involve asking them to review the transcript, elaborating on one or more topics. My plan is to be analyzing each interview as it happens, immediately after it happens. And then to see if their perspective on social justice or how they use open pedagogy to support social justice or how they engage in social justice leadership development has changed since their last interview and if there's anything else they want to talk about. So the kinds of feedback that I'm hoping to get, I welcome your feedback on anything, but in particular, do you think my interview questions will provide me with the answers to my research questions? Is the order of the questions appropriate? Questions I should consider adding, removing, shuffling around and if you have any other feedback. So we have choose your own adventure. I have no idea if anyone is even joining online. If people are joining online, there's an online participation option. Otherwise, here in the room, we have three options. So option one is think, pair, square, share with all. Second one, I have some gigantic post-it notes that I've been carrying around all day that I can slap up on the wall and give you smaller post-it notes that you can use to add your ideas to it or if you're not feeling like talking with anyone or moving around, there is the digital option. So bit.ly slash Melissa Jamboard or you can scan the QR code. What strikes your fancy? Yes? You want number one? We can all do different ones, number one? Yeah, we can do number one. So if you want to participate digitally, that's fine. It doesn't seem like anyone really wants to be adding paper to the wall, but if you want to, I'm cool with that. So yeah, I'll give you some time to find a partner or partners. So share, write down your ideas and then your pair is going to square. You'll share and refine some more and then we'll share with the group. I'll put them back on screen. Sorry? Can I do that? So the research questions you meant and the interview questions? Yeah, okay. I'll get it on one page here. What I'm trying to do is put them side by side. But now it makes it like super small. We'll see, we'll see. I hope you brought your magnifying glasses. I don't even know if you're gonna be able to read the questions now, but. Or you can, I can put the QR code for the transcript and then you'll have the research, you'll have the questions in there. Yeah. And you'll also have the interview questions in the transcript too. So if you wanna scan it again, here is the QR code. I will be interviewing them twice. So two rounds. So I'll do one round of the first round of interview questions which are up on screen and then I will code and analyze and all that good stuff and then I will do the follow up interview. There's no intervention that I'm assessing or testing. Sorry, I can't hear you. I don't feel qualified to handle the interview. That's pretty good, but I'm not interested. I don't want to be doing it. It would be like open-ended research questions. Question is three, a question for that. Is it right, is it too big, it's too open? So I was wondering if, like, you could list full list of notes. Yeah. And I was thinking question two, could you move that to question one? No. I think one would be for question next, but it should be right here. Okay. Okay. Okay. Take it then. Okay. Thinking as ever from their work to your time. Okay. Okay. So two. Okay. So question. Okay. And also it's like, two, two. Yeah. Okay. But if you just ask them, oh, what? So the rest of you can ask the only thing that I know is that they're used to time to do this. Yeah. They're all there. Because it's too big of a question, and it's too big of a question. So they will, they won't be able to do it. I would be happy to. Thank you. Okay. Okay. Originally we were going to do some basic math. Two times two is four. Four is four. But we don't have that the same number of people in the room. So if you are comfortable just sharing out directly, we can do that. How about we start with this group? Okay. That's much best. So, and use qualitative tools as up. So I think it's interviewing is a good way of being at evidence. I don't know. I would go for a, yeah, we need a questionnaire, of course. But I would say that the interview has to be to involve the other person in free thinking. You know, like I was telling her, it's better to catch people off guard with a question that leads to the answer you want and not a question that triggers the politically correct answer. Oh, yeah, of course to it. So it's a justice, and this is the point. I do like what all of us have like a narrative of what would be the right thing to say. Maybe that doesn't necessarily have to do with what you actually end up doing for whatever reason. So I wouldn't go for a real, both of them. Number two was great because that looking at you, they used to talk about that. Probably have an elevator speech about, because it's a good job, but the question one is very vulnerable question. So it should not be first, and I think Mariana didn't want it to be in there at all. I think it should be in there, but not first. It should be later. And for me, question three is too big. What does social justice mean to you? You're either going to get a hand answer or a point of scare. It's too big. Thank you. I'm reading definitions of social justice, but your instructor's probably not necessarily had. So it's wondering if you can help give them ideas. So I was wondering the question of like, maybe something like which aspects of social justice resonate the most with you? There's lots of areas like, I don't know, refugees, immigration, races, specific kinds of races, gender, diversity, sexual orientation, et cetera, et cetera. So there's so many, and someone might be like, feel super passionate about one, and the other, they still think it's important, but it doesn't get them excited. I can't even be talking about that too. Might help them jumpstart and also might get them outside of their hand answers, because they're, it's gonna help them see the breath. Okay. Thank you. Thank you. Sure. Nishan, your group. I'm providing them several presets of my recommendation. We first asked that question, and depending on where they go with that, try and prop them with different facets of identity that you're highlighting, because the moment you front-clot in all these aspects of identity, it's gonna be very difficult for a person to really answer that question, because they might get some kind of talent focusing. The very first thing that I saw was gender or ethnicity. I might kind of focus on that, if I try to talk about that. So I think a good way would be to ask that question first, and then kind of use a promise to kind of further guide me. Another thing that I've been in marketing and kept up some research, when you do a session like that, you might have somebody who very short answers, and then the others who you can do quite well in that issue. So in case if somebody just flies through these questions, I think it's good for you to have some additional problems to get there. And based on what the other group said, I did ask that question, and the other group said, I did ask you about some of the definitions, like although you may not want to give them definitions as such, how people might approach social justice, open pedagogy, because there are different kinds of ideas, like whenever you talk to somebody about open pedagogy, they usually need to change, maybe go with the arts or something like that. So I don't know what the best answer should be, but I think even assisting them to kind of figure out at least very important parameters. So those are some of the problems. Thank you. Thank you. Yeah, I want to hear from them what their experiences and how they're thinking about this, so I want to, I have to kind of tread that fine line between providing information that's going to push them in a direction that they think they should go versus just, because I mean, it could be that they can't actually conceptualize and articulate how they're supporting social justice or what it is, so I think that would be very revealing. So thank you, group at the back. I'm not going to put you on the spot if you're like, we just want to, yeah, for the social justice leadership you mean? Okay, thank you, yeah. I'm hearing others speak. Also, I have no idea how to solve the first question issue because they know in a paper survey we typically do demographics at the end and let people check. And I think the concept of open-ended demographics will definitely incorporate this. So often now we see these surveys that like do terrible things to people where it's like male, female, or non-gender important because there's like a problem. Many other identities that not a good place in social justice. But I'm not sure if at the beginning that I know in a paper survey you would often collect your demographics. And I know it's not necessarily demographic question as part of your social justice plan scheme, but... Thank you. Yep. I just wanted to say, maybe it's just whether or not a faculty, if you've met at work, do they talk about you? That's a great question. I had a thought. It's evaporated, but it's come back. So with question one, so I gave this a version of this talk last week with the Go-GN workshop and there was almost the entire Q&A focused on question number one. So I want to say thank you for providing feedback on the other questions as well. So to provide some context and some background, I won't necessarily be reporting on the specifics of number one, but I will be able to report and say we had a variety of genders, a variety of races, a variety of abilities, et cetera, rather than because of sample size as well. I don't want to potentially be having someone be identifiable. That would not be a good thing. Yeah, it'll be through Zoom or it'll be through Teams, one or the other, and recorded. Then transcribed. Then coded. To tease out where they see value in it, what do they say in their rankables and stuff like that? Or how do they advocate for this or champion for this with others? So our institution, we are a teaching institution. So full-time faculty teach four and four or eight courses over the semester and we don't, we are not obligated to do research. It's considered a bonus. We are required to engage in scholarly activity, but we don't necessarily have to be applying for research grants and stuff. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, that's great. Thank you. Yes. I also think it's important that these questions talk into their ideologies, but not only their professional curriculum, but we become the professionals we become, also because we have a certain life story behind it, right? Since you were a child, you heard your parents talk at the table. You come from a certain cultural context, or country, or whatever. So maybe the reasons for you to advocate open the boundary are there.  So I think those things could be even not at a very conscious level, but those could be part of the story. That's why I think the second question is interesting. Because if you talk about your journey to using pedagogy, maybe your journey is not only an academic journey, and I think that our reasons in general are not only we are not just a learning going through life with very highly cognitive decision-making processes, but we also have a lot of emotions and memories, and the effective domain is there, and those elements are part of the choices we make as professionals. So if you find a way to get there, by means of the kind of atmosphere you're creating this in New York, and then people, you know, flow, they start talking and they go, that would be like, longer interviews probably, but very critical. Rich data. Personally, the way questions were, I would probably tell the academic side of it. So you might need an additional question if you want. Does anything from your childhood, your family, or your sense of identity influence how you navigate open pedagogy? We also talked about your childhood. Yeah, I thought about that. Haven't quite come up with a solution, but I thought about it. Yeah, and that is a concern that I have. I've had people suggest that I try to recruit across institutions, which makes my head spin a little bit and trying to navigate different REB for, but I think BC has a streamlined process. And doing two rounds of interviews, so how many rounds of interviews do I need to, like, are enough collectively for the perspective and the methodology that I'm using. So, yep. BC, BC, BC. Yeah, my institution of study is here in Alberta. And there has been communication and other students at KPU, other faculty at KPU who have gone through the AU program, and so the REB, they talk to each other very well. And I think BC has a streamlined process, but trying to navigate to other institutions or even identify out-of-province institutions or putting the project in an entirely different context and perspective. That's, yeah. Like, within, if I stick within KPU, it will be a university and it will be a single university, and it will be across disciplines. Across disciplines. Yeah, that's a great point. I mean, in an ideal world to be honest where I'm not paying tuition to, because my doctoral work is not funded, where I'm not having to pay money to do this, I would be doing a very different, bigger study. I'd be getting student perspectives, but in the timeline of wanting to, I'm not going to too much debt, unfortunately. Yeah, so I'm like, maybe next, project number two. Stage two. Yeah. Thank you so much, everyone. So that's all. Thank you. Thank you so much for attending. I really appreciate it.


Everybody Matt here for late in sports cards ripping 2023 tops Cosmic Chrome baseball hobby six-box half-case break number 39 pick your team We have Andrew M. Reds Chris P. Mariners Damian L. Metz Phillies edge H angels E&T Guardians Jared I D backs Jim L. Tigers Joe S. Dodgers twins Johnny H. Royals Marlins Pirates Rangers Kevin P. Blue Jays Chris C Orioles Kyle M Red Sox Brewers Leone G Nationals Rylan P. Padres Sam C. Giants Scott J. Cubs Astros Steven D. Braves Steven S. A's Todd C. Rockies Tom J. White Sox Rays Tom C Yankees and Vaughn B. Cardinals Here we go, good luck one two three six Nucleus Austin Riley Clusters Mets and Alec Thomas Vanessa's Launched into orbit J. Rod for morale Joey Vado Willmeyer's Aqua equinox. I just told 199. I Drop said Rick Mullins Jordan Walker extra-terrestrial talent. I know he's been hers. He's been her a lot. I dropped him and I Taylor Wolves the Castellanos Granky because I don't need stone Like I he was he was somebody that I thought I would need it. Come on. There's Nolan Gorman Beyo from Ralph. It's a Rookie stars in the night. What's up, Paul red Sox and for Raza Nice Paul Kodai Senga Suarez Vargas usually I got a concert some of people watcher. I think I was the people to watch at that concert Austin Riley launched into orbit do we were full cowboy?  This is Uranus. Let's go found Uranus. We love to see Uranus Julio Rodriguez Congrats mariners We love to see Uranus man. We love to see it. I should just pick up gray rod too Yeah, that's a good starts man. Yeah, J. J. Bladay wander extra-terrestrial. I know he struggled How to get some back down Pooja Nami Christian Walker. I would think he Dark clusters trio that's Adley Bobby Whit jr. And Riley green I'll roll a single die here unless it's an auto a numbered parallel or a team has majority or a person has majority It'll be left one two middle three four right five six That is two trios go left What's up be Douglas? Yeah trios go left Pascantino Cal Raleigh Yeah, dude love to see big number Will Smith I know I know Hey blame top blame tops. Not me. I didn't name them. I Mean blame NASA Ha ha Blame whoever named the plan So be done. Oh, there's a Greek god named Uranus Rowdy Tala's nucleus Jordan Roshan's rookie refractor William Herschel Bill knew what he was doing there. I thought he was funny Jeremy Pena trio goes left Sup, Timmy. How's it going? This is gonna be a gold interstellar auto Braves Ronald Acuna, that is number to 50 Wow 31 of 50 congrats Atlanta. That's a big 3060 season in the history of baseball. All right, we're off to a great start here with Cosmic Vaughn Grissom Michael Harris extra terrestrial Sit chipper super auto You pulled two supers in that set. Yeah, hold Frank Thomas to your downs Yeah, Cosmic's really cool Devers launched into orbit. That was Adley. They're over Garo. Oh hoppy CJ Cron that is aqua equinox Michael Harris Don't worry be happy. Oh be a hoppy Trout Natani Trautani Trautani second-greatest duo since Charmatity It's a Christopher Morel Mike Trout refractor Jeremy Pena Corbin Carroll rookie stars in the night gunner extraterrestrial talent rookie. What's your favorite Katy Perry song? alien And a gold interstellar O'Neill cruise extraterrestrial extraterrestrial interstellar 50 for the Pirates You ever seen that skit from the practical jokers? Where's Frank Thomas they ask him he's doing like an expose a with this biker gang Joe He has some what your baby Katy Perry song. No, he goes mind's alien That's awesome Sean Murphy blue moon to 99 through the dive bar that's just on the street of my house It's like a biker gang things out there. Yeah. Yeah, I get along them Mike Trout down there enjoying extraterrestrial You're like the Terminator. I Need to close your boots and your motorcycle Give me ideas Matt is secretly Terminator. I'm secretly a biker. I just driving a chord sport hybrid for For show a sturdy Ruiz rookie refractor. Yeah, I don't make those calls That goes left Orioles Pascantino outman. That is Jeff McNeill green space dust 75 Mets bull pay Cunha Cory Seager Judge this is Bobby Whit Jr. Launched into orbit Corbin Carroll rookie Adlin Gunner For one of those we've seen. Let's see a monster. That opinion was really nice. This is nice Logan Ohapi your rookie blue moon to 99 for the angels Don't worry Hatties and Javier Jose Ramirez refractor on Jones on Grissom Masaki Yoshida rookie stars in the night Yep, please be sure to hit the like button. It is much appreciated Raza trade Turner Jeter downs. I think Jake said if I can get the 40 likes By one o'clock he'll bring in a food truck Well, that's what he said Jordan Groscians rookie nucleus Mets rookies You're up in a long though two rookies and a polar bear. It sounds like a stick calm Aaron judge launched into orbit. Yeah, I think we probably have more tonight. If not, I would imagine we have them tomorrow Three to go on Pristine is sold out. We have three teams left on finance. It's all we have for baseball today. This is a gold interstellar. What is this? It's upside down kind of kills the vibe there Kyle Tucker Astros Pits go nice when Cedric Mullins Pena Phillies Taylor Ward. It's Tucker one of those underrated and probably yeah Ohapi waters So good Christopher Morel rookie Jacob DeGron stars in the night Sort by created Chism oh, we have six to go Men as trio goes Phillies So we have six to go in pristine three and finest 18 and 17 of mosaics six in spectra and 16 and panini one football Stanton Polanco and Harper another gold coming. This is gold interstellar Tristan Casas rookie red socks nice one Boston Congrats red socks Mag that one for you will Benson Mike Trout extra terrestrial blue jays clusters Shane Bieber nucleus Shintaro Fujinami rookie refractor and Brian Reynolds Yankees and Stanton Nice d-backs extra terrestrial talent rookie Otto Corbyn Carroll Excellent break congrats d-backs It's gonna be four mags now Wendy as Corey Lee today Corbyn Carroll extra terrestrial talent. What's up aviation? How's it going? James Altman Miguel Cabrera launched into orbit Anthony Volpe rookie Braves Doing great here. Let's make it five mags. I'm up for it That's a blue moon Paul Goldschmidt to 99 Castellanos Jakes Magan muscles aren't even close to Sorry yet. They're just getting warmed up. Yeah, this stuff is awesome You take a quick look here. We do have some Be Douglas we have some Cosmic Chrome tomorrow a couple of half-case pick your team Sal breaks during the daytime Something for the Reds. Let's do it trio goes Astros Francisco Alvarez Riley green Goldie launched into orbit or Luba and this is Planetary pursuit the Sun Aaron judge Yankees such cool inserts recap on that one, please Yeah, you bet Shohei Otani extra terrestrial Astros and Gunner Jayrod James Altman rookie nucleus Bobby Witt jr. Refractor Ten years from now looking back. There's Josh young. Who do you think will have the better career Jayrod or Bobby Witt jr? Bryce Harper stars in the night. It's tough, right? Like there's not a wrong answer on that one Angels star clusters. I think the way they're playing right now, I would say not with Roserena Schwerber Yeah, imagine if Witt was playing on a competitive team, too I feel like he can be a may stay there in the city cheater downs nucleus And he's going with Jayrod. I Pete Alonzo could be totally wrong. Yeah, I think I mean Not there's just not a wrong answer on that it could be either or Nolan Gorman star clusters Rangers and Otani Kodai Senga Matt Mervis, that is aquee quinox rookie to $1.99 Kyle Stowers Michael Harris extra terrestrial from Walker refractor plane D-backs clusters and KB Zack Neto Brandon Lowe and Nate Lowe Poojnami Gunner rookie extra terrestrial Coloss all right last box recap after the After this box and after this we have one more six boxer then we have pristine Pristine has White Sox Dodgers Mets and Rangers for to go. There's a link for pristine An eight box full case for team style. It's weird. Look at these base cards letterings like blurry Juan Soto extra terrestrial Moreno just a couple of them Neil Starly Marta refractor and Cavalli Star clusters D-backs and Libertor brandy Rosaranna and rookie Stella Nova Michael Harris braves Congrats Atlanta nice Stella Nova Brett Beatty Garcia Wander Adley that is rookie nucleus nice one Orioles Brandon Marsh J rod Garrett Cole Bucks Shane Bieber and some of these have just weird lettering and Saturn planetary pursuit Shohei Oh Tani angels. You're pulling all the All the eat from that's awesome. That's three and a six box half case We'll mag that one Hunter Brown I haven't either that's for Saturn I pulled I haven't pulled an earth yet either Anthony Volpe rookie nucleus nice Brian Reynolds I pulled Pluto. Yeah, it's almost the hand with James Altman Miguel Vargas rookie stars in the night. Yeah, let's do it. I'd be happy to close it out with six There's Volpe Trout no Tani Jordan Walker rookie extra terrestrial Corbin Carroll rookie Trio goes Astros Shohei Oh Tani launched into orbit must take Yoshida rookie Poglia That's a quick one ox many Machado 199 for the Padres O'Neill cruise extra terrestrial Astros and Kyle Tucker Give me just a second here and we will do a recap In teams are on sale for pristine we're on sale for pristine it is now sold out tops finest has Mets Cardinals and Nationals Three to go on finest So we had nucleus rookies of Anthony Volpe Yankees and Adley Ruchman Orioles Excellent break here Steal it over rookie Michael Harris for the Braves Planetary pursuit Aaron judged the Sun for the Yankees Aqua equinox to 199 Padres Manny Machado Rocky CJ Cron Reds Will Myers and Cubs rookie Matt Mervis Blue Moon to 99 Cardinals Paul Gulch Mitt Braves Shawn Murphy Angels rookie Logan Ohapi Green space dust is 75 Mets Jeff McNeil gold interstellar to 50 Kyle Tucker Astros and O'Neill cruise pirates extra terrestrial We had red socks with a rookie gold interstellar to 50 Tristan Casas We had J rod Uranus Mariners show him Tony Saturn for the Angels Debacks extra terrestrial talent rookie Otto Corbin Carroll and Braves gold interstellar Otto to 50 Ronald Acuna What a break. Thank you everybody. We have number 40 up next


Hey, good morning, everyone. It is Monday and we are on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange to talk about the markets with Jim Cramer All right, Jim. Let's begin with your real-money article Tax reform. I mean no one wants to get anything done. This is incredible because going into September They were talking about administration was talking about listen This is gonna be the month you're gonna see a lot of a lot of big moose now. There's a big six conference I mean, please none of the big six agrees on anything repeal it came back up Repeal replace I mean I have Michael Knight or from Centine which is coming doesn't actually the best in the current regime What would do great in the future regime?  I just thought when that came up It was once again a sign that tax reform is nowhere Because they can't get away in Congress They can't get away from the notion of talking about Obamacare the president can't get away from the notion of sports radio So you just really have a situation where the actual issues that we thought we're gonna be brought up seem irrelevant So this inaction hasn't really affected the stock market so far this year, but will it in the coming months? No, because I think that what it does is the first at the 2018 But it is just I think from the American people's perspective a sign of dysfunction which alienates people and when the Focuses on standing kneeling and the national anthem as Mark Cuban said on Squawk on the street It's a divisive issue NBA starts October 20th. The NBA has really been out of its way under Stern and Silver Urging players to speak their mind So it will be very important to see what Jerry Jones does tonight because he has said listen he supports the president And never the president came out very strong and said they should throw the son of the bitches out He's waiting for an owner to kick somebody out Jerry Jones. I know him He's a terrific owner and he's a very big and he always he chides me on fantasy by saying that it's fantasy is like What he feels he gets gets very very emotional He had talked about one point not joking around just talking about the suicidal Aspect of losing which he was like trying to say I'm not making light of suicide at all But just saying that there are the emotions that are involved. So I mean will he come out and be with the president I think this is really important because Bob Kraft is a good friend of the president And he came out strongly for what the players are doing. All right, Jim We'll watch how that plays out moving to individual stocks. What did you make of General Motors the upgrade by Deutsche Bank? You know look I think that this is one of those upgrades where you see a stock flying It's breaking out and you come up with a thesis and this is the autonomous vehicle thesis and how much it's worth to GM I would point out that if that piece had not come out. I think would argue that the The the slowdown of the actual sports utility vehicles would have been far more important As witness the fact that there's a Tennessee a third shift in Tennessee That's been throttled back which is rather amazing when you think about car max's numbers and how we thought that there'd be good demand coming from The hurricane in Houston. So this is very the short term is bad for I would say the short term You don't want to be in GM if they're cutting back shifts Do I buy the autonomous vehicle reason owned GM? Jim's a very cheap stock Jim four to the two cheapest stocks in the market But your third I follow that cheap if you're back out the cash is Apple. Huh? Well and speaking of Apple What do you make of concerns about Apple's current quarter with Jim Suva correctly put everything together? I happen to like Jim very much in cities. Good guy And his city note just puts in perspective, which is that he doesn't change his price target He shuffles around the earnings and obviously there's this kind of like confusion about which phone You want I always come back to owning Apple don't trade it and that it's a great consumer product company You should no more care about which product iteration they have and on the different tierings of a lot of consumer product companies And I continue to think that Apple's right by the way They've thrown away Nvidia and they've thrown away Broadcom during this period and I don't think that those are things you So throw away I mentioned those because all three are action alerts names Then we are reiterating seem very right here and action alerts plus had some great analysis on Apple back on Friday. Thank you Yes, you know, I said FEMA it is a Guy who joined me a little while ago and then Jeff Marks is a guy who's really our central speed Guy who was terrific enough to do break that note on Friday I don't think people realize we have a fabulous team that we've been building in action alerts and Jeff's analysis on Apple I thought was a must and I think that people have to read it and understand I'll not unlike his arrogant analysis this morning, which is very very important action alerts plus comm are Jim speaking of the club A general electric selling its industrial solutions. I think that John Flannery Takes to heart the idea that perhaps he shouldn't wait until the November meeting in order to be able to put things in Order why because I know he reads the research. I know he reads the cell ratings I know he's worried about the cash flow. I know he doesn't want to put the dividend in jeopardy He's moving very very quickly the corporate jets said a huge message huge message, but more importantly industrial solutions These were considered to be in violent. I remember interviewing Jeff him out about is there anything that you can sell anything and the answer was no no no no Well, suddenly here's 2.6 billion just you know falls into their lap Obviously Flannery is looking at the earnings that is going to be lost by that and not thinking That's what matters and said he wants to cash in there have been questions about the amount of cash the general electric has on hand This is something that Flannery is making a priority. I think that Flannery is being underestimated on Wall Street I think the people I have a friend who worked with Flannery who just said over and over again This man is rigorous. He's not a politician. He's not out there giving speeches He's out there finding new ways to augment cash flow, which makes me feel better about the position We did buy some I know everyone's written off GE Maybe that's when you have to get a little more excited now the notes about GE are that the earnings have to come down There is going to be a reset I think for earnings But the fact is and I know that they didn't make the GE the dividend they kind of changed the language Saying it's a priority from being a must But what I like is Flannery is taking action ahead of when people thought he would well So then will this November meeting be sort of an inflection point for the stock I think he has to reset expectations not unlike the way Starbucks has to be expected reset expectations But Starbucks fell from 64 to 53 on notion of reset GE fell from 30 down to 23 on notion of reset Sometimes the reset gets built in and the annals have to upgrade or change their view once you get the reset All right me well Jim What did you make of Disney's threats to pull content from LTS? You know, this is just kind of one of these bad. I happen to be an LTS subscriber It's one of those battles where Disney's trying to show you You really need ESPN. How do I feel about it? I need ESPN My weekend reposs ready ESPN and I would hate to see I would sure not want to lose it, but it but it does matter tremendously and I think that they're gonna win I think Disney wins. Is Disney more confident in these negotiations now that they have a controlling stake in BAM tech per se? No, no, I don't think those have much to do that actually Disney That is something that we don't really know what they're gonna do with yet But I do think that I like the acquisition very very much meanwhile target reaffirming their guidance That was people I think we're spending way too much time talking about the idea that Target by raising rates raising the amount that they pay people it's gonna hurt I think that what hurts is training costs And so when you raise what people pay per hour Then you end up with a much much more satisfied workforce and people don't leave and I think that that's what matters That's what Walmart did. I am was more inclined to like target now. Remember, I think target has too many stores I think target has to close stores. I think target has to go with the smaller form if you go to Brooklyn. You'll see the big stores really kind of the smallest the small-scale store is really excellent by the way as I mentioned in Stop trading the piece by Matthew boss about TJX and raising same-store sales I emphasize the raw stores number race. He was in Europe with TJX and raw stores When you close stores and you close square footage the winners are Burlington their TJX and the Ross excellent piece by Matthew I'll teach Morgan TJX your favorite retailer right now. Yes. Now. That's been wrong in the sense that Raw stores has done better But I do because they had a great same-store sales They had a really good last quarter But I think TJX is by far the cheapest and they've got home since they're doing so many things There's a huge seller TJX gigantic seller. I don't know he is but he never backs away He lives at the 73 level and he's crushed the stock. He should back away All right, Jim Let's move on to earnings to watch staying with retail for a little bit or apparel. And what are you expecting from Nike? Okay from Nike I don't if Nike could have a good number, but then people will sell it again because of Adidas I bought a pair of all birds this weekend. Why do I mention that because they just got a lot of fun? It's direct to consumer the sneaker industry remains in flux. I don't want to touch it There are too many players in the sneaker industry. All right, Jim. We talked about Apple and the chip makers earlier What are you expecting from micron which reports? Okay micron? I think it's gonna have a blowout number I think people gonna have to raise their numbers because there's still a lot of people who felt that that micron That DRAM prices we're gonna roll over Remember their flash and DRAM flash remains really good DRAM remains really good only disk drives your bed So I think micron will be good. By the way, let's I don't switch the topics entirely Let's talk about what David Faber did broke today sprinting T-Mobile still very much on this is moving Verizon This is moving ATT the notion of consolidation the notion that there will be a T-Mobile acquisition of someone is driving that group higher I have historically liked Verizon and ATT as ways to be able to capture income I reiterate that I like them as ways to capture income John Leisure being the head of any company that is in the phone business Is going to be a very tough competitor because he's so great. He's a great person on Twitter, too Yes, all right, and then we also had Mark Cuban this morning and Mark talking about What's going on in the NFL and Mark Cuban talking about players speaking their mind and the president should go read a book I thought that was historical analysis that was historical and Jim before we go Congratulations to your Eagles. Yeah, it was this is one where everybody's there and the Eagles fell apart in the fourth quarter And the grid of a cut the grid of a team is to come back And I think that not enough people are talking about house on Jeffrey By getting out of bounds with one second left knowing where you are in the field and then Jake Elliott Hitting a field goal. I posted a game winning field goal that he had in high school There are people who know this guy congratulations to how we rose men for picking him up when Sturgis went down not a lot of people have him in my league Maybe you got to rethink who the kicker should be for your league Although he did miss a 30 order before that which made us feel that a 61 yard It was out of range and remember that is the Eagles franchise record. Yeah, Jim How is your league doing by the way? Um, well my my fantasy team had 160 points right now high man Regina Gilgan is the executive producer who is Tonight they dine in hell as her team and minds the ski daddies and she may be able to top me But I had my team's jelly and my team is Russell Wilson as quarterback He finally came through my team is you know Beckham finally came through two catches that were really important They finally are throwing the cookie up there in the Patriots that mattered tremendously And I've got tire, you know, I've got Cohen for Chicago didn't get all the touches I'd like I've got a pretty good team and I think that people Underested my team going in I will have to make a change in defense because the Eagles are so beaten up And I hope the best for Darren sprawls by the way who did break his arm this Sunday It's just like managing a stock portfolio. Yeah. Well, I mean you got to have a diversification and I certainly have that All right, Jim we're rooting for you. Thank you. Thank you so much for more information on the stocks Jim mentioned Please head back to the street.com


The Art of One Dojo is funded in part by Patreon. Help keep the channel running and gain access to exclusive content, including behind-the-scenes looks, training tips, outtakes, throwback videos, e-books, free video workshops, store discounts, episode early access, and more. Join the dojo today! Wardrobe choices in the martial arts come in many styles and flavors. Historically speaking, most people trained in regular civilian clothing or perhaps even robes, in more modern times, a variety of arts have adopted more standardized uniforms. In many cases, the styles and choices of uniforms play a specific role in that art. Either for function or fashion, today we're going to look at a few different types of uniforms. I've loved martial arts ever since I was wee little boy, but back then, I was part of the majority of the public who couldn't tell you the difference between karate, taekwondo, hapkido, jiu-jitsu, let alone the different styles within them. Now back in the 80s, it was all just karate, and what I knew, I knew from TV. As a kid, I just assumed that all karate gays were standard across all martial arts and probably went back hundreds of years. I remember wearing white bathrobes and tying them together with any colored uniform or colored fabric that I could find and pretending to do karate, but as a kid, to me, a ghee was just a ghee, and if you did martial arts, then you just wore one, and it was that simple. It wasn't until my early teens when I started to actually learn the arts when I realized how wrong I was, and as I got older and deeper into my training, I realized just how many varieties there were, so today I thought it would be fun to explore so many different types of uniforms. Now this is not a full comprehensive list of all arts, but rather just a starting point of discussion. If you have any suggestions, or if you can tell us about a uniform that I did not cover today, then please, by all means, add it in the comments below. So let's start with the ghee. Not only was my childhood belief that all arts wore the same ghee incorrect, but so was the assumption that it had been around since ancient times. Now you can come across many different official names for this one, one of them being the Kekogi, basically translating to practice dress or practice clothes. The Kekogi was actually standardized by a judo founder, Jigoro Kano, and we talked about him briefly in a previous episode, How Many Belts Are in Karate, because Kano was also instrumental in establishing the belt ranking system seen in the Japanese arts today. Now the Kekogi, or dogi, is usually just shortens to just ghee. Introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, Kano established the judo-gi to be used in judo, and that became the first of the modern martial arts training uniforms. The judo-gi was generally made from a heavy, unbleached cotton or cotton blend with a pants-to-light or canvas material. Now the ghee jacket overlaps and is held together by the obi or belt. The judo-gi is also often made with tear-resistant stitching since it will endure a lot of grabbing, tugging, and throwing. The pants will often see some extra fabric layers in the knees to prevent holes from grappling and groundwork. Today you can find all sorts of different varieties, weights, and colors of the judo-gi. The standard now is bleached white, which is traditional with most Japanese arts that use a ghee. In competition, you'll often also find both blue and white uniforms, you know, distinguished between the two contenders. Now the popularity of the judo-gi spread and it wasn't long until other arts began to adopt it as well. Gijin Funakoshi, the founder of Shodokan and the man who brought karate to Japan, liked the uniform and he decided to standardize it to his teachings as well. Minor modifications were made to the ghee over time for karate such as a lighter canvas material and adding strings to the inside of the jacket to hold it closed and keeping it sharp and neat looking. Now karate keys are often looser fitting to promote more speed and freedom of movement in striking and kicking. Now one of my favorite things about the ghee, the karate ghee, is that crisp sound they make when performing a well-executed kick or strike. There is just something so satisfying about throwing a punch in here in that snap. The judo-gi typically doesn't make that sound, but then again this goes to highlight the difference in applications and styles of uniform. One is meant for heavy grabbing and tugging, while the other is meant for striking and faster movements. Now it's not uncommon to interchange between them, especially if you train in one art and you want to try it another, but they will have their limitations. Like for example, anyone who has worn a karate ghee and grappled with it will know that the first thing to tear will be these little strings that hold the uniform close. Now karate keys also come in a myriad of colors and designs. Now it's usually up to the school what colors they want to use. Sometimes uniform color can be used to distinguish teachers from students or advanced ranks from beginners or were specialized for demonstrations and exhibitions. Sometimes styles will adopt their own color trends. Like for example, tongsudo typically has a white style ghee with a black trim. That's pretty you know standard for them. It's kind of their trademark. Some arts require students to wear all white uniforms, but after reaching a certain rank they're allowed to wear black pants. Now Ed Parker's American Kempo karate popularized the use of the black key. Now traditionally students will usually wear white key until reaching the rank of brown belt when they would then wear the black key. It is also not uncommon to see Kempo schools adopting all black uniforms as a standard for everyone. Again it's up to each school. Now when I was training with my first instructor the colors got a little out of control if I'm going to be honest with you guys. Our standard uniform was all black and we could only wear the black uniform until we reached black belt and then we were allowed to wear blue if we wanted to. We even got these nifty black and blue uniforms which were typically a taekwondo pullover style but I'm going to get back to that.  But if we were student teachers in the class and we were assisting and helping teach a class we got black and yellow uniforms.  But if you're on a demo team we got these snazzy black red and yellow stripe uniforms. Like I said in those days it got a little out of control. My second instructor basically kept us in the black uniform until he opened it up and said let us wear whatever color we wanted. He was more focused on the material and training than cared less about the uniform color. The bottom line to each their own. Judo and Japanese jiu-jitsu geese are pretty similar as they both do similar throws take downs and grappling. However with Brazilian jiu-jitsu there are some modifications mostly notable in the sleeves which are smaller and tighter fitting to you know compare it to the larger baggier sleeves of judo and typically they have a shorter skirt and belt. In Brazilian jiu-jitsu there is more focus on groundwork and the baggy uniform can be used against you when you're grappling. Brazilian jiu-jitsu geese also come in a variety of colors as well but the most common are blue white and sometimes you see black. Now going back to taekwondo they often wear a pullover variation of the uniform. Now this style of uniform is called the dobok and much like how the karate gi was modeled after the formal Japanese dress of a kimono the dobok is modeled after the Korean formal dress of the hanbok. Now doboks are characterized by the v-neck collar versus the open jacket although sometimes you can find the jacket style you use. Now they are generally lighter weight you know thinner material especially since taekwondo places a lot of focus on speed, kicking and aerial moves. They are also very comfortable and easy to work out in. However I do not recommend them at all for any grappling as they are not meant to endure tugging and pulling and they will tear. Now we use dobok style uniforms for a while in my first dojo and as you can see they pretty much all tore at the collar the v-neck the junction just from basic sparring so eventually I just stopped wearing them all together and just went back to the standard karate gi. There are even geese that stand in the middle grounds such as uniform using hapkido. It is light enough weight to promote fluid motion as striking yet it is also stitched to be resilient in some of the grappling work. Then we come to aikido and the aikido gi. The aikido traditionally uses a gi modeled after the judo gi in order to endure the pulling and throwing found in the art yet some schools will use a variation of the karate gi to accommodate the strikes and counters. aikido finds itself in somewhat of a middle ground between the disciplines because it has throws and grapples but not as much as judo or brazilian jujitsu and it has strikes but not to the extent of karate and as a result you will find a varying style of uniforms across different schools but generally they need to allow for fluid and quick motion while also being able to be tear resistant. Many of them will also have reinforced stitching in the collars and thicker parts for the groundwork. Now there doesn't seem to be a single particular standard for the gi although some manufacturers are trying to establish a style that can become customized for aikido featuring shorter sleeves, tighter fitting jacket, a longer skirt so that it stays tucked into the hakama. Now the hakama is a formal piece of clothing in the japanese culture worn over the kimono and it is often found as part of the aikido uniform. It appears as a skirt although in aikido they wear a divided version which resembles baggy pants and it is worn over the gi. The hakama is typically reserved for higher ranking belts or sometimes only by instructors. The hakama is also used in other arts such as kendo, aido and some styles of jujitsu. Now when it comes to the chinese arts there is much less uniformity. Now we touch upon this briefly in what is kung fu and traditional chinese martial arts each art decides what they want to wear. Sometimes they will have standard uniforms, other times they will just wear civilian clothing. With thousands of years of history and styles we don't see the same standardization and dress that we do in the japanese or korean arts. Now with that being said there are elements of uniforms that are shared across multiple arts. Probably most notable and iconic in kung fu or the chinese martial arts is the tang juang or the formal chinese jacket. It is commonly made out of silk, featured straight collar and often has frog buttons and you will see many styles of kung fu utilizes in their uniforms. Other chinese arts such as the wrestling art of shuai jiao will sometimes use a specialized jacket to stand up to consistent pulling and throwing. It is much shorter and smaller than the dou gi, sports short sleeves, no skirt and has a cotton tear resistant weave very similar to the judo gi. Now if we venture out a little bit more we can still find some more variations of the gi, such as the sambovka or jacket of russian grappling the art of sambo. Sambo is extremely popular as a competitive combat sport and the standard uniform is the gi jacket similar to the judo gi with some minor differences particularly in cut and length. The material is typically canvas or another heavy material as it will be taken a lot of abuse. The jackets are either red or blue and the competitor wears matching wrestling shorts and shoes. Now in the vietnamese martial arts such as vova nam you will often find a gi that is extremely similar to the karate gi. The standout feature is really the color. Now while some vietnamese arts will use you know different colors of uniform the most common one is indigo which to this day has become the distinguishing feature in their uniforms. So these were some broad looks and examples of how a very similar concept can vary across different cultures. Now what I personally found very interesting is that in many cases the style of uniform using the martial art often reflects stylistic attributes of that culture's formal wear. Take an inspiration from formal dress and adapting it to the nature and requirements of the arts and you end up with a wide array of flavors based on the same basic design. In the description below I have also listed some links to some uniform options if you have any interest in purchasing a uniform then that might be a good place to start looking. Now when it comes to etiquette when you join a school you will likely need to adopt whatever uniform they use. Now if you are like many of our viewers and you have mixed backgrounds or experience in multiple arts then you will likely have different uniforms. But when you're trying a new art or your training is against another school it is best to consult with the instructor and that school owner on how they want you to dress. Sometimes they don't mind you that you wear your old uniform to class especially if it's a trial but just keep in mind the certain limitations like we mentioned before you may or may not want to wear a lightweight dobok if you're going to do grappling. Most of the time if you're trying out a school to see if you like it you'll often be able to wear your old uniform but if you do decide to stick with it then good etiquette says go ahead and get the appropriate uniform of that style and that school. So that was just a look at a few different types of uniforms. I'm really curious to hear from many of our viewers who might wear something different or if you want to contribute information about some other uniforms that arts might wear. Thank you so much for watching please like subscribe comment and we'll see you on the map.


Ladies and gentlemen, allow me now to invite to the podium Dr. Balram Khabar, co-ordinator of the Climate Change Network NIMA. I am Mr. Sussan Gaurava, chair of the National Civilization and Secretary of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Dr. Peshawna Koda. I am the chair of the LBC Group, UNRKCC and the joint secretary of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Dr. Ghazmatema. I am the chair of the Adaptation Plan Board, Sunil Mulham, the senior fellow IED and director of the National Center for Climate Change and Development, Dr. Ramand, the director of the National Center for Environment Studies, Sam Dikers, CBO, Climate Change and Development, Knowledge Network, Distinguished guests, participants, ladies and gentlemen. Firstly, on behalf of the conference organizing committee, let me extend the warm welcome to all of you in the back, and to the eighth annual conference on community basic adaptation. I know several of you arrived in the country about days ago, and have had the opportunity to see the grassroots community adaptation work in the field. I hope you enjoy the field trip, and I also hope that you will be able to make the most out of this conference through the process of collective sharing, learning and influencing over the next few days and beyond. The selection of Nepal as the venue for eighth annual CBA conference is a strategic, specific at a time, where the government of Nepal has made the policy decision to allocate 80% of global funds for adaptation to be made available at the local, the least developed economy level, which is the smallest of political and agricultural unit in the country. The development of the global adaptation plan of action in some local framework further reinforce the government of Nepal's commitment to combat climate change challenges, particularly adaptation, as adaptation is most likely to leave the majority of people out of poverty. This primary level framework aims to enable communities to grow from the local knowledge to engage in local adaptation work. The level process intends to be bottom up, flexible and responsive. While this initiative is very encouraging, we must be supported, expected and monitored by all stakeholders, but if you look at the fifth summer, the benefit of such policies and plans are far more probably realized by the last misery of people, especially those who are most oppressed. It is true, the progress on adaptation work has been incremental, but the pace is much slower than anticipated. The theme of this conference is financing local adaptation, and I would urge the conference participants to look at adaptation financing both from global and local perspective. That is, global financing for local adaptation and local financing for local adaptation. The participants who managed to go on the field trip last week would know the tremendous amount of time and effort invested by the local communities at the grassroots level on adaptation work, and the variety of local initiatives and innovations. These are people who have contributed least to the problem, and the effort alone does not produce impact at scale. They must be supported by the national government and international community in the end of the month. The theme of this conference comes at an approaching time as climate finance is one of the most popular topic in climate change negotiations. While progress has been made in security places for climate finance classes in developing countries, with both mitigation and adaptation, however, the resource amount continues to be disbanded. Then more work is needed both by the national government and international community to set the adaptation of financing residing with global and local financing as well as to ensure that climate finance reaches the poor and places where it is being involved. Today in this conference, we have over 450 participants representing 62 nationalities across the world. We also have a number of high-profile communities this week with us. I hope we will be able to take a full advantage provided by this conference to update and access information about the latest thinking and develop in taking place with regards to CVA financing and good practices around the world. Let me conclude by saying that there may be several context-specific pathways for climate-resident development. However, strengthening of institutions, pursuing a strategy of adaptive management, investing and bringing research in policy discourse or policy interests, explaining knowledge of sharing, managing adaptation in global global planning processes, integrating adaptation and disaster risk reduction and more importantly, innovative mechanism to improve adaptation financing going forward and making it more accessible is critical which can provide a viable option for building a climate-resident pathway. Thank you and once again and very warm welcome to all of you.


A lot of my childhood was actually literally in the fields with my grandparents like picking, stemming, like packaging this fruit called a rose apple. That experience people think like, oh, well from there you must have been influenced to like go into food. But running a farm is like totally different than, you know, doing a CPG business. But I do think that because it's like in my family lineage in my blood, there is something there where it's like it's hard to escape that.


Good afternoon, everybody, and welcome to Unfiltered. Pastor, welcome. Recently, Pastor, we had a conversation regarding fellowship and the importance of fellowship. We see it in the Bible. It's not good that man shall be alone. There's often references to the importance of fellowship. Koinonia is often used. It's one of our pillars, withness. When we reference going to church, that includes a lot of different things. That includes being there for the worship, hearing God's word, fellowship, and being among other believers. You know, we have online services, which has been a great tool for those who are sick or out of town or maybe they live far away from our church and they want to watch us online. But more specifically, for those that are in our area and have chosen to attend online versus coming to live service, how does that affect fellowship and receiving God's word? Well, it's not a substitute for actual human beings being near one another and talking to one another and experiencing life together. As you mentioned, the first thing God ever said was not good was for a man to be alone. It's not simply man. It would be also inclusive of mankind. It's not good that human beings isolate themselves. When we do isolate ourselves, we are failing to recognize the need for other gifts and other people's capacities in the body of Christ. That's why Paul in Romans as well as 1 Corinthians would speak concerning the church as a body. It's made up of various members, but they all make up the one body. So the hand and the feet, the eyes, ears, we all need one another and we all express our gifts in different ways that makes the complete body what it's supposed to be. So when people voluntarily are unwilling to or choose not to assemble with others, that's really not a good thing. Obviously, there are those who cannot assemble. There are those who are ill, perhaps hospitalized imprisoned. I mean, we have people watching us online who are in prison and our greetings to you guys even at this moment and all of that. They can't come to our fellowship, if you will, even though they do have chaplains and they do have services within the confines of that penitentiary or that jail. The fact is that if they could be here, they would be here.  And so it's not a good thing for me to voluntarily isolate myself. I'm not to be doing as Paul would say, or rather the writer of Hebrews would say, it's not good for me to voluntarily disregard the assembly of myself together with others of like-minded, et cetera, because the gifts have to work together. You can't receive baptism online. You can't have communion with other believers online. If you have a need for prayer, you can't go and speak to the pastor or speak to one of the leaders. You can't do it when you're online. And so it's, I think, an unhealthy excuse for just voluntarily staying away from church services very often. And that's because of whatever discomforts or displeasures they may feel. There are many who feel that they learn better by themselves or without the intrusion of other people, but that's really a symptom of something that's deeper and needs to be addressed because we need each other. The gifts of the spirit operate together. The body of Christ works together. It's a unit. And so yeah, I think that when people voluntarily forsake the assembly and that it's really an indication of a spiritual illness that they need to deal with. My follow-up was there's a decline in effectiveness as a believer by only solely watching online, as you just mentioned a little bit. Well, it's like playing handball by yourself. I mean, you both win and lose at the same time, right? But that's not a lot of fun. Right, right. Yeah, you need other people. The church is a team. It's made up of many, but it's a single team. There are no superstars. I know that we like to elevate certain people because we think they're heroic in what they do. I think that's a natural kind of way that we have a tendency of doing. If I can't do something or won't do something, well, I'm going to value the one who does what I wish would be done. So we make pastors or leaders our spiritual heroes when in fact God doesn't intend the church to be made up of those who do and the others who watch. God intends for us to do that, which He has gifted us to do, called us to do, and through obedience we do that, which we've been called to do. And we have to be very careful because I think today we have such a hunger for other people to do the things that we wish could be done. And we fail to realize that we could be doing certain things incrementally that would be effective in many ways. One quick thing, and then we'll close. I don't want to prolong this, but as we go through acts this upcoming Sunday, and Paul is in Lystra, and there's a certain reaction that takes place in all of that. And he ultimately is going to receive stoning, and they're going to pick him up as the one who is dead. They're supposing him to be dead. You might find this interesting, John, is Lystra is a place where a woman named Eunice and another woman named Lois were. They were from that area. And Eunice and Lois more than likely were people who heard Paul when he preached because it speaks concerning a great number of people coming to faith in Christ. And so they came to faith in Christ, but they also had somebody, a grandson, a son, by the name of Timothy. Yeah, and Timothy, that's where he would have gotten saved. He was saved because he had a grandmother and a mother. Paul speaks about this, and I'll be quoting the scripture this Sunday. Excuse me, but he had a believing grandmother and mother, and Paul tells him in 2 Timothy 3 that it was through his upbringing in scripture that made him open to salvation.  They may be raising a potential Timothy, somebody who would observe the way mom and dad live and grandma live and be influenced in that way, because that's what Paul said. He said, the scriptures are able to make you wise unto salvation. And yet what happens is we have people who may be raising a young Timothy or somebody that make an impact or could make an impact in the world today, but they're too busy taking them to soccer or they're too busy putting them on some traveling softball team, baseball team, and they don't realize the potential their children have because they have not reached their own potential, you see. So there's a need to be in the body of Christ to discover your gifts to be used by the Lord because we may be raising people that are of utmost influence. We are raising the next generation of believers should the Lord tarry. And yet many, many are so caught up with the things of the world, John, that they don't realize the need for other people. They don't realize the need to be taught the word of God, to be involved in serving, using their gifts. They're too busy as people who need entertainment or people who are basically just watchers and not doers. And so I really encourage our church of those who are listening right now for that matter, don't avoid fellowship, because it's just an unhealthy thing. And the world is encroaching in, it never stops. Darkness doesn't stop spreading. And it requires the light to repel it. And here we are asleep in the light. So no, I really think that the church needs to wake up at this time. And if you're able to be in your church, it doesn't have to be this fellowship in your church. The church that feeds you, the church that matters to you, you need to be there. Amen. Well, thank you, pastor, for sharing that. And thank you guys for tuning in. Do you want to invite you to our Wednesday evening service tomorrow at 7 p.m. and pastor? Are we having communion? Communion, yes. We didn't announce it on Sunday. We did. I didn't hear you. Another one I'm out. Yes, we're having communion on Sunday. I did. I also announced the wrong book. Oh, yeah. I'll be teaching through what? Esther again. I'll do a second run through the first one you do like. It's one I invite you, because we are having communion after Pastor David started, please ask these. Chapter one. The purpose of life. Yes, that's going to be an exciting time to, why are we here? So come on out, invite your friends and family. It's always a great time to spend time in God's Word, to worship the fellowship and then to celebrate communion afterwards. God bless you. Thank you, pastor, and we'll see you tomorrow evening.