To learn about building communities in open source, you should join us in room C1. Y'all can move forward. They told me that I can't bite people at this conference so everyone should be safe. I've also got on my mask. They gave us a big room. I'm totally kidding. Or you can say it.  Nobody told me we could take off your mask. Well, that's why we didn't want to show the microphones. I'm sitting here like, hi, everyone. That's probably a little clearer that way. Which one? I think it works all right. Yeah? It's okay. It's the hallway trap, but bring it inside the room. So when I was a kid, I wanted to tell a story because it's related to this, like what I'm doing, right? I had a choir teacher who was not always super nice, but I like people. Clearly that's why I'm a developer advocate. And she's like, Taryn, if you were alone in a forest and there was just a stump to talk to you, you would talk to the stump to keep it company. And at first I was upset and I was like, actually that's true. Well, there's like slugs and mushrooms and squirrels in that stump. See? They'd probably be like, ah. Ready to record? Over-recording this? Hello. So before we begin talking about all that, I thought it would be a good idea for us to introduce ourselves and talk about what community we're a part of and our impact in the community that we are part of and also our impact in the greater community. So Matt, do you wanna start and we'll just work this way? Sure. My name's Matthew Cheney. I work at Pantheon and I previously worked at chapter three and I've been doing, this is my 33rd DrupalCon, which I think is quite a few. And it's really been interesting over the last, pretty much my entire adult life to try to like work an open source, both as kind of a developer and but also in terms of doing event organizing through like local meetups, through conferences, through I helped to organize the DrupalCon in 2010 in San Francisco. And I think a lot of kind of the impact that I see in these activities are often very, sort of amplifies the energy people have that an event like this brings people together, allows them to then take that kind of passion and knowledge and then they can go back to their communities and sort of like influence the people that are around them. And that's just something I sort of, in terms of my view of it stuff I'd like to talk about today. It's just that even, 1,000 people here, 12,000 people here is excellent, but if those people all know two or three other people, the impact everything we do is amplified. And that's I think really, really cool. And then Amy, Jim, do you want me to just talk about like my Drupal communities or like another community I organize outside of that too? It's up to you. Cool. Okay, well hi y'all. My name's Taryn Allman-Dars. I am a developer advocate at Pantheon. I am also currently the lead of the Drupal Diversity and Inclusion Initiative, Drupal Diversity and Inclusion Initiative. There's a lot of, and that sounds all together. I have been doing that for about two years. I'm actually gonna step back in December to grow other leaders and let them step into that. And outside of that volunteering, I'm actually a member of the board of the Texas Organizing Project and we do community organizing in the state of Texas. So I like bringing people together and growing them. My name's Ruth Cheesney. I work at Acrea as Project Lead for Mortic, which is an open source marketing automation platform. I've been involved in open source, probably about 18 years, which makes me feel extremely old. I started out my life in the Joomla community, but don't kick me out. I was on the community leadership team for several years and involved in starting up the marketing working group and supporting user groups and things like that. So I've always been drawn to community. Like you, I also run communities outside of work. So I'm part of the Buddhist Center in my local area and I support that and yeah, various other communities. So and the impact I think, certainly in the Joomla community, kind of encouraging people to set up meetups in person when we were allowed to do such things and really helped to grow the communities in those regions. That's why I started a user group myself. And yeah, in Mortic, we're a quite a new community and so setting up a community with the culture and the values that I want to see in a community and being the one that's sort of responsible for setting that bar and keeping it there is quite a challenge, but it's also quite good because you get to decide what that it looks like, so yeah. Cool. My name is Amy Jin and I work at opensource.com right now and I'm the community manager for our editorial team. So I solicit articles and I keep people happy working on the editorial team. In the Drupal community, I help with the Drupal mentoring group. Unlike Ruth, I did not build the communities. I step in as a community manager that communities that have always already been built. It's a different sort of challenge. The impact for me on opensource.com and I didn't leave Drupal, I'm still in Drupal, but for me, I have the privilege of opensource.com and community management that I can promote Drupal and the projects I'm really supportive of. And so for me, my impact as community manager is really amplifying all open source projects which I feel very privileged to do. I want to ask Ruth the first question because as she mentioned, and I don't know if you folks stepped into your communities or built your communities, but Ruth mentioned that she built the communities. Do you have any practical tips for starting a community? And how did you grow that community? Yeah, well, I mean with Maltic, there was a loosely bounded group of people who were trying to contribute, but there was no clarity on how they could actually get involved or what the process is for them to get involved. So I think that was probably the most important thing was making it clear that you want to build a community around a product or in a center or whatever and that there are opportunities for people to actually step up and do stuff because a lot of the time, either you're getting all the stuff done and they don't realize that you actually practically dying on the side because you're so busy or they feel like they could help, but they just don't know how to help. And so making it really explicitly clear is really important, but then also setting the expectations of what your community is going to be like from a cultural standpoint. I think that's also really important. So for communities that are already built, how do you gauge if your community is an audience versus engaged as a developer advocate? How do you measure that? How do you measure whether or not people are engaged or just being an audience? And how do you move one from another? I feel like looking at it from the developer advocacy point of view, my position is part of the developer relations team as well. And it's one thing to put content out there, right? And sometimes people come into your Slack and they'll like it or you'll pull the tweet out into the either and you'll see that it's there and maybe it got some retweets. We use some tools at Pantheon to be able to measure that engagement. We're using OrbitLove and so that's been really great to be able to check into that, but it is essential to understand if you're just creating products to be consumed or experiences to be consumed. Putting on my hat of being in the Drupal Diversity and Inclusion Initiative, we recognized actually this summer that we had a lot of audience inspecting going on. We have meetings that we do, at first it was every single Thursday and then it was every other Thursday, but we would get some notes sometimes saying, hey, thanks for doing the meeting, but when we were actually running the meeting live, they were like crickets. And so there's kind of to talk about what you did, Ruth. There's work that needs to be done and everybody kind of assumes that it's gonna get done and everyone's watching to see if it is done. So measuring the volume of the conversations, if it's just a one way thing, I feel like that's a pretty good sign that you've got an audience situation going on. What about you, Matt? Yeah, I think something I've found really interesting in sort of working in communities is that you really have both sort of an internal audience, which are the people who are active participants in that community and then you have an external audience where the people that attend your events use your software or otherwise sort of are kind of consumers of the activities of that group. And that in both ways I feel like you can have really great impact on either side. Like I've been part of plenty of kind of activist kind of communities where what you're really doing is you're trying to have some effect in the outside world, maybe trying to like help climate change or somebody's larger issues. And you have some effect on that issue, but the impact that I actually see most prominently is actually on the participants themselves that being able to like engage with other people who are really passionate about a certain topic, like open source like Drupal is excellent because it really ramps you up too. I certainly felt like often development can be kind of solitary, even in working in a company or in a larger organization, you're often by yourself with your computer, writing code or engaging. And when you're able to be around people that share the same passion you were sharing by yourself, it really amps you up. And it's an experience every Drupal con coming back from it or even near the end. It's just so exciting because all of these things that maybe I had like read on Twitter or seen in blogs or tried out in software, suddenly are things that other people really like too and are caring and talking to me about and I always come back really motivated. And I think that's an important part of the sort of community organizing along with actually just what actually ends up happening for the other people. Yeah, so at opensource.com we have a community but we also have like a core community that we manage. We have those like an incentive program, right? Because we want not just the one article but the continued participation. And so we have these like for lack of a better word like rewards programs. You write 10 articles and you get these perks or you write three articles and we send you some swag. But there's also all the little things that come along with it. There's the engagement in forums. There's the engagement in the community. There's engagement in speaking. I know that we have tools that measure engagements which helps because we give incentives. So do you have like incentivized programs to keep with the continued contributions versus the singular contributions and how do you measure that? I know for Pantheon and just to let y'all know I'm speaking on behalf of the community side of our team. Unfortunately, they were not able to make it here if y'all would like to contact them for more details about it. That's gonna be Katie Reed and Viva Fam. We have our Heroes Advocacy Program. It was started in 2016. Amy June is actually one of our heroes. But that is a way to, can you ask the question again? My ADHD took over. That's fine.  Yeah. We are tracking how people are, there's missions right that y'all take part in. Those are actions that we want our heroes to do like writing blog posts, giving some talks at conferences, talking to people about Pantheon, right? It's one thing. If me, Taryn comes up to you and is like, yeah, Pantheon's amazing. And it's a whole other thing. If you've got some of this using that product and service on a day-to-day basis talking about it. Being able to see to if our heroes are engaging with the missions that we send out, that's a good sign of is this an actually great program for them to be a part of? Or is this something that like we're tuning our own horn? That's what I could say about the heroes program. Do you track like and like, how do you value their contributions? Is there a tracking system? Yes. I've been involved with helping them set up the orbit integration system. That's what I'm most familiar with. And to explain the orbit system as succinctly as I can, there is a love score, which exists. And that tells you, hey, this person is looking at the content, engaging with it on a kind of I'm viewing this level as, and it also combines with the reach of that person to determine their orbit level and their gravity. And it lets you know about, for this person who is engaging with your community, what is the level of impact that they can have in growing your community? I realized as other folks were answering, when a good way I've seen to recognize whether or not you have an audience too, is if an audience versus a community, if you are the one that's putting out most of the information about your community, then you've got an audience. But once the people who are in your community are also contributing and engaging, that to me is when you have a true mark of community. So tools like orbit will help with that. I know, Ruth, you use Savannah. Yeah. And you've given some talks on Savannah, which I use Savannah in a very limited way to track contributions. I'm interested in hearing like, what do you pull into Savannah? And like, what are the reasons?  Yeah, I mean, it's very helpful. We haven't got to the point really where we're doing like you do with the rewards and the incentives individually. I wanna get to that point, but we need both funding and capacity to do that, which we don't have. But what we do use, so we track the traditional code stuff. So GitHub, pull request being created. We track things like people's answers on our forums being marked as a solution, as a contribution. We also track Reddit, Stack Overflow, things like that, where people are helping in places that are not like our community. They're out there, but they're still helping people. And also things like we use the API to track when someone reviews a pull request, because that's really a contribution as well. It helps us to merge that pull request. And when someone works on a Jira issue, because not all of our projects are actually in GitHub because they're marketing or they're documentation or whatever. So we also do that. But what we have used it for is incentivizing organizations to support their staff to contribute. So a bit like what Dries was talking about in the keynote about, I think it was Dries, about free time and encouraging more sustainability. Anyone who wants to become a partner, community partner in Maltic, they have to show sustained contribution from their employees. And that can either be answering questions on the forums, it can be giving contributions, it can be anything. And so we actually use that to look at eligibility for partnership, which comes with a whole bunch of perks. So we're sort of focusing at the organization level rather than the individual level at this time. Okay.  How do you manage to have continual engagement year to year from the same volunteer group? And what do you do when those volunteers drop out? Yeah, I think especially organizing in an open source context, I think is really unique because you have a lot of very talented people who have very marketable skills in terms of development time, project management time, design time, and getting those people to like, want to spend hours of their time that could otherwise be billed to their customers or working at their organizations, is it's sort of an expensive ask to someone. And I think the two sort of insights I would share here is one, to understand that people contribute and be part of running an event for a lot of different reasons. Some people really enjoy the social connections that they make, make friends, make, you know, have interactive time. Some people like the professional development of making relationships with companies. People like learning new skills. If you're used to doing one kind of thing and you volunteer, you actually can often learn really new stuff. And you know, just trying to kind of meet people where they are on that. Like, if you want, if someone comes in, try to like, you know, specifically like doing a sort of open source conference, trying to talk to people who are coming in for the first time and having sort of, a number of times we'd run sessions for like, you know, hey, we're starting this conference this year. Everybody who wants to help, please come and we'll do like a first meeting where maybe you have some food, maybe you will have some conversation. But the big question is sort of like, why are you here? And sort of what do you want to get out of that? And people don't always know, but like just kind of getting and trying to make mental notes as sort of an organizer or a lead organizer, co-lead organizer. You know, if someone's looking to like, you know, get like, networked with other people, you know, maybe they could help run sponsorships for your, for your camp. Someone's looking to learn, you know, to like continue to like use their technical skills. Maybe they can help build the website. Maybe if someone's very into social stuff, they can help to organize the party and try to like slot people in on that. The second insight is how to answer your question in terms of continuity is I think one really good tip for event organizing, community organizing is never let anyone do something alone. Always have one or two people that are part of it because it A allows, first of all, it's just more fun to do it with other people. Two, having that redundancy is helpful in case someone does like, you know, can't participate or has to kind of change situations. But it's also something which lowers the barrier of participation because there's already someone who's kind of like, you know, already knows how to do sponsorships. It's easy to kind of be like, oh, I'll help that person, you know, sort of as an understudy or someone who's like a helper. But then they of course learn the skill set and then the next year or subsequent years, they can kind of keep doing it. And I would say that's in terms of continuity, people always have different life changes. People have changed jobs, changed geographies. But if you have multiple people doing something, it's easier to get people contribute to there and it's easier to keep continuity year to year. You're also building leadership too because you're allowing a graceful way to step down, having that buddy system and redundancy. And this can be for all of us. I know that when I first got into tech, I struggled with maybe participation on a larger level. I helped that do bad camp, but on a larger level because I would look at organizational teams and I wouldn't see anyone who quite fit my role or fit what I look like or fit my values and goals. So how do we address the diversity of our community? How do we recruit people who may not have know about like, so how do we address diversity inclusion in our communities? Sounds like a question for me. So to give you all some context, I've been part of the Drupal community since 2017, 18. My first DrupalCon that I went to was Baltimore and I had been doing Drupal by myself as a front-end developer on a very small team for a local government. My senior developer had convinced me that Git was resource intensive and we didn't need it. So and if you don't know, that is a lie, I did not know, but there were people in the Drupal community that let me know. And part of the reason why I have been in the diversity and inclusion group is because there was this sense of belonging that was created, not just for me, but it felt like it was created for me for folks that might not be able to see this. I am an African-American, cisgender woman and a lot of the people at that DrupalCon did not look like me, but I could sense that there was a place for me and I think that that is the first step of building diversity and inclusion intentionally. I'm trying to think of this as I'm sitting here. Oftentimes when we're building a community, we think of who it is for. Sometimes that's in the context of what is the goal that we want to achieve? And if, for example, I wanna have a Barbie collector's community, right? I'm thinking of here's this specific brand of dolls that I want people to come in and do and I don't think about the experience it is that I want to create. In doing that at times though, it's the Barbie community, right? But by doing that, we're also saying who this community is not for. And there are actions that we can take when building our community that communicates that without us saying it. And I think that when we are building our communities, recognizing who we're building it for and who it excludes and addressing that intentionally will help us to be able to create more diversity and inclusion. Seeing when you're making this group, hey, this person might not feel welcome. So that's my thought on that. I would love to hear what other people think, because yes. I know for mentoring when I first got into Drupal, I'm a non-coder. I don't have any interest in code, but I have interest in moving the Drupal project forward. And so for mentoring, for me, I started at the local regional level and I would give workshops, first-time contributor workshops that were a lot different than the national level. And I'm talking about diversity of thought and diversity of skill level here. I would go to these national workshops and I would not be able to walk away with a contribution because I did not know how to put a local environment on my machine, period. I would cry, I would have tears, and I would never make it to the next space. So I decided as a non-coder, how do I present, because I want to be part of the community. I want my name on that maintainers.txt file. I want to be a contributor to Drupal. So how do I create a space for non-coder? So at the local and regional level, I made an effort to change the way we did mentoring. We talked about the non-code contributions and then we talked about the code contributions that you could do that weren't code.  Here's the step-by-step thing of how do you write a patch without having a local environment, without having to know code? So let's do a read me and just use get. So for me, it was those small steps of lowering that barrier of you don't have to have a local environment. I know that sounds really kind of reductive, but we grew the community of contributors. And now we have more people at that national level too, because the way we teach our workshops isn't like you only have to know code, you have to have DDEV installed. No, you can come in and you can work on documentation. You can work on community management. You can like host a camp and all that kind of stuff. And so that's how we addressed the diversity of thought and experience and code contributions. And then just to step back a little bit and talk about opensource.com, we have a lot of writers who are North American or white. So when I started, I was like, how do I have different? We can have an article on the same topic from 50 points of view, but you need to solicit that point of view. And so when I first came on at opensource.com, I had to be deliberate. And instead of just coming to DrupalCon North America or DrupalCon Europe, I reached out to the open source summit in Nigeria and I asked people to write articles. They're not coders or they haven't been coders very long, but they're from a different community. So they have a different point of view from that software, but it was the deliberacy. I had to be deliberate in asking these folks, but because they come from those excluded communities, they were more than happy because they'd never been asked before. So sometimes that building of diversity of thought or diversity of voice or diversity of body, whatever you want to think about is like that deliberacy of asking someone to do that. Yeah, I've definitely find it helpful in the multi-community. We have a community handbook and we have a section which is about contributing. And we've literally just listed out all the possible ways that we think that someone might want to contribute, even if we have no one contributing with those skills at this time. And we've given links like this is how you find a filtered list of on Jira of all the design tasks that we've tagged that are good for a beginner or good for someone who's new to the project. And this is the step that you go through to start working on these issues. And this is how you contact the team. Not a lot of them, we don't have anyone with those skills right now, but there may well be people who come along and they're like, well, how do I contribute to multi-Google? They come to that page and at least they see something roughly along the lines of what they're, so it's almost like you're saying like, please help us with these things. It's not a personal invitation, but it's a, these are the things you could help us with. And it's proactive versus reactive. Yeah. You have the space for them, for when they're ready to join versus someone coming in and not finding a space. Yeah, yeah, but there's probably spaces that are missing and that's just because I haven't thought about it yet. Yeah, I would just definitely echo that in terms of like having multiple kinds of spaces for people to participate in, that if you're organizing an event, it might be fun to have happy hours and maybe those are good, but those don't necessarily appeal to everyone because there's drinking, because there's a lot of noise, crowded areas. So doing other events that are maybe more quiet that like offer kind of alternatives gives people more times to plug in or some people don't necessarily want to come out in person. So having a virtual space along with these other spaces gives kind of more access points for people to participate and ultimately help. And I think just sort of varying what you're doing, trying to have different ways for people to come in and just sort of doing the stuff that works on a consistent basis, but always be comfortable to try some new way or a new approach to community organizing because that will attract different kinds of people that bring in different kinds of voices. Just do the same thing and just get the same people. To piggyback off of what Matt, I know what Matt was just saying, one thing that we've been intentional about in the Diversity and Inclusion Initiative the last couple of years is making the spaces for the people who don't feel like they want to go out partying at DrupalCon, right? We sponsored a board game night the last two years at the last two DrupalCons and we've been doing our own camp for the last two years, DDI camp, and while folks are returning to in-person activities right now, right? There are a lot of people who still don't feel comfortable coming out. And we intentionally made DDI camp a virtual camp that people could participate in, people from anywhere across the world could participate in. And it's been rewarding seeing the people who would otherwise be left out of this kind of experience being able to participate. I could gush about it forever, but it's been great. And I applaud that because I think me and Matt work on the San Francisco Drupal community together and we do San Francisco Drupal users group. And when we went virtual, it lowered that geographic barrier which was so important because people don't always have the privilege of coming out to San Francisco because it's on rush hour or they don't have the privilege of coming to bad camp because it's in California and it's expensive. And so I think that lowering that geographical barrier is super important too, yeah. One of our most popular mottic meetup groups is in Lagos in Nigeria and they started that group right literally the week before lockdown, they had their meetup planned and Facebook pulled the venue. They said, no, we're not doing meetups anymore. So since it started, it's always been virtual. And because of that, people from all over the world come along and we have speakers from Nigeria but loads of people are coming and they've also had speakers from the global community. And we've decided to make our world conference always virtual because of that. Because there's people who can't afford to, like we've had people who literally can't get visas despite trying, but having the world conference online means it's like open and accessible to everyone. And then we have an in-person conference but we're moving continents every year. So it's not like it's just in America and just in Europe. So next November we're in Brazil and we've had Europe and Brazil so next time we're gonna be somewhere else. That's sort of how we're trying to work around some of these challenges because, yeah, we had so many people join us online for our event. It was great. Yeah. So as a community manager, we're community leaders in a way. How do we set the values and cultures of a community as community managers? And then as our community grows, natural leaders step up that we manage. How do you enforce culture and values? What do you do with bad seeds? What do you do with those contributions that you don't want? Because, yes, we wanna build a community but there's also that aspect of not everyone fits in your community. Codes of conduct are critical. One of the worst things that we can do when growing a community and it's also against diversity and inclusion is to just assume that everybody will know what the norms are. A thing that might be okay for me to do when I'm hanging out with Matt, Ruth doesn't know me. I might make her uncomfortable. There was one place that I went to where the culture was you hugged everybody when you first came in, whether you knew them or not because everybody was friendly and I'm a generally friendly person but I found myself being like whoa, I don't know you, this is kind of odd. It helps us to be able to set a boundary so we all know what the rules of engagement are, what passes as acceptable behavior and what is not and putting that out that explicitly also allows your community to give you that feedback with it. I'm gonna step back because I lost the rest of my thought. I think also alongside the code of conduct you have to be explicit about what you do in the event of people breaching that because if your code of conduct doesn't have clarity on what the processes are, how that's dealt with, what if there's a complaint against the project lead or against the leaders, who are the people who are in the code of conduct team or whatever, you might as well not have a code of conduct because as soon as someone pushes the boundaries of that code of conduct as a leader you have to take action. And we've had to refine our code of conduct over time as people have been like exploring the gray areas, shall we say? I'm sure we all know those people. And yeah, we've had to take, there's been some cases where it's very clearly an immediate ban, like spam, scamming, anything like that, you're out. But we've also had cases where someone's behaved inappropriately, they've been warned, they've been through that process and they've done it again and it's like, well, now we take action. Like the first step is you have to verbally apologize but the next step is that you're out. You're out for a period of time and then we go through a process to bring you back in. I think that's quite important and I think it's important that the leaders are, leaders should be held to that standard and higher but also you're confident to enforce that. I also think in terms of dealing with a lot of those issues is sort of proactively trying to think about the problems that can happen and then figure out generic solutions that aren't about a particular person or specific set of facts, talk to other event organizers or other people running communities because a lot of these problems are the same in different kinds of places. And then yeah, to sort of the point of getting it written down in a way you can refer to it later and that this is the record of what we all agreed to without specifics and so then when something does come up the people can really highlight that. And to be clear, like the code of conduct isn't about just meet space. It's not just about being in person. It's about interactions in the code. It's about interactions in your communication tools. It's interactions in your forums. And I think being very specific about where the code of conduct applies because I think some folks might think they're outside of those areas and I think reminding folks that it does apply like gatekeeping knowledge is something that we have sometimes in coding communities where someone will say something that's reductive to a new person coming in and that's just as detrimental to a community when you're gatekeeping knowledge or you're treating them in a way that does not make them feel as important as they should because all code contributions are important, right? So what I found is over time that the community actually started to step in and self-moderate people who were being assholes basically but on the gray areas they weren't completely breaking the code of conduct but they were just being really obnoxious or rude or being responding in ways that just weren't helpful. And instead of me having to step in every time as the leader, people in the community are like, hey, this isn't the kind of behavior that we wanna see in this community, you know? Step out, take a breath, go away from the computer and come back. And I think that's really helpful as well when people really do value the values that you put in place and they can then help you in enforcing. To speak to what you were about, somebody might violate a boundary, right? Or an agreement of how we say that we're gonna be together but if our response is equally, if not more toxic, that can also be a violation, right?  But if you've got a community and you've got a group of people that are okay with the behavior, right? You cancel the person, you kick the person out but if you haven't addressed the behavior, the behavior will perpetuate. And I think that making sure that we're addressing behaviors and making that known, and I think like you were saying earlier, modeling that ourselves as leaders of the community that will spread into other folks in the community and it will become clear that it's not about that person, it's about the behavior and it can be all of us. I'm sure there have been plenty of times that I have been problematic as well. And it's important for people to hold me to account just like they are expected to hold each other, so. So we run volunteer programs, you know? We have contributors who have the privilege of time to contribute to our communities. What do we do when we see an active member of our community starting to lack engagement? Do you have any strategies to help them with burnout or let them know like this is okay? What strategies do you have to keep your leaders as leaders or, you know, continued contributions? One of the things that I like to make sure to do is write our volunteers are volunteers but first and foremost, they are human beings. Amy Joon and I are friends outside of this, right? And there's work that we do together in building community and there's just the fact that just this week, Amy Joon said, hey, Taryn, how are you doing? And I was like, oh, well, I'm doing this decision. She said, no, I asked how you were doing and her acknowledging my humanity let me to be able to evaluate like, am I doing too much? Am I burning out? But seeing who your volunteers are as people and checking in with them before the work first, I feel like that has mitigated burnout situations for so many people in the communities that I serve and I feel like that's a really big first step. So this is really cheesy but I use postcards. Like I have these people who are continuing, you know, engaging but then I don't see them engage for a couple of months or they're not writing an article or they're not coming to our weekly meetings or they're not participating in the forums and I don't wanna like bug them and like feel like they're obligated to commit but I'll send them a postcard from where I was. I went to Colorado, here's this postcard and it generally, that human touch makes them feel good and then guess what? It's kind of a tactic because within a couple of days or a week, I get an article. So it's that human part of it too, I think that's important, you know. But we also let our correspondents know because we run on a yearly program or we have a fast track program that you know what, you didn't make those 10 articles or you didn't make those 20 engagements to have this extra perks but you know what, we have this fast track program. This is how you can get in it sooner than the next cycle year and you're welcome to come back. We always have that, it's okay, you can take a break, we know that life happens, the pandemic is really hard, you're raising your children, come back when you're ready and really having that personal touch, I think allows them the opportunity to not burn out, step back and know that they're welcome to come back. Yeah, I'd also share that like thanking people and sort of like grounding your thanks and kind of why we're all volunteering working on something is really motivating. But you know, burnout is super real, there's a real tension between feeling responsible for getting something done and then feeling overwhelmed by those responsibilities but realizing that like even a little bit sort of moves us in the direction we're all trying to go. And if you do see people that maybe aren't as engaged sending a note, thanking them for something that happened in the past, reminding them of a positive thing but also being totally understanding things do happen but at the same time, hey, let's just celebrate something that was positive in the past and sometimes that motivates them to wanna do more positive in the future. Sometimes they just go ahead and share something that's sort of on their mind and that can start a conversation but I think it's just really important to realize we're all kind of in it together especially in a volunteer context we're all trying to do something, it's okay if it's not perfect because it's way better than not doing it at all. And you know, the more you get that kind of in your mind I think happier and more virtuous the process is. So we kind of ran our time and I didn't pay attention to the time to allow for Q and A. So can we all share some ways that we can get a whole, people can get a hold of us to ask us more questions about our specific tools or communities? Yep, so a couple of them, right? If you'd like to get in touch with the Pantheon community team and the DevRel, DevAdvocacy teams, we're on Twitter at getpantheon, that's G-E-T-P-A-N-T-H-E-O-N. If you'd like to get a hold of me in the Drupal Diversity and Inclusion Initiative, Drupal Diversity and Inclusion on Twitter is at Drupal Diversity and for me I'm at T-E-A-R-Y-N-E-G as in George. So I'm Volkswagen Chick on most of the spaces and then opensource.com if you just go to the Contact Us page. And then for mentoring, if you wanna witness an example or just sort of look at how we've run our mentoring program in the Drupal Slack channel, there's a mentoring channel and just watching how we engage with our volunteer mentors, I think is a pretty handy tool. Yeah, I'm at Chesley pretty much everywhere, our C-H-W-S-L-E-Y. Contact me on Twitter, LinkedIn, wherever, or email, at accu.com. I'm Matthew Cheney, I have a website. And an email. I'm not that big on social media. If you all wanna email me, I'm happy to write back. I really do enjoy that kind of long form correspondence. Yeah, so we're at time and we have closing ceremonies, so thank you for coming in to the group. Thank you so much.


Newlywed's Brooklyn Beckham and Nicola Pelts are already well used to luxury living. I mean, Nicola's family estate where the young couple recently tied the knot is worth about 100 million dollars. And considering who Brooklyn's famous parents are, his family homes in England are no joke either. Aside from this, the pair already bought their very own mansion in L.A. that's not your average starter home. In these videos, we don't reveal any addresses and even though I've done a house tour of my own place, please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone. Well known for being the eldest child of retired English footballer David Beckham, not to mention Spice Girl turned fashion designer Victoria Beckham, 22-year-old Brooklyn Beckham got hitched this past weekend, his sweetheart of three years in Nicola Pelts. For those of you who don't know his brand new bride, Nicola is a billionaire heiress turned actress who has appeared in films like Transformers Age of Extinction and shows like Bates Motel. But the majority of her crazy net worth comes courtesy of her New York based business tycoon father Nelson Pelts. As for Brooklyn, well he has carved out a career for himself as a model and a photographer, having shot a campaign for Burberry Brits among others. These two first met back in 2017 but it would take them a further two years before they began dating. Then in January 2020 they would go public with their relationship before getting engaged in July of that same year. Now the couple has finally gotten hitched at the Palatial Pelts estate in Palm Beach, Florida, a sprawling property that's worth as much as $99 million and one that set the stage for a ceremony that was said to cost as much as $4 million. In fact, Brooklyn and Nicola have had such a fabulous time down in the Sunshine State, they decided to move off of their $10 million home in LA to facilitate a move to the East Coast. They haven't found a new place to stay just yet but something tells me they'll probably be fine spending their first few months as a married couple in Palm Beach. Hey guys, it's Kara back with another exclusive house tour here on Famous Entertainment, today checking out the homes of Brooklyn, Beckham and Nicola Pelts. Don't forget to like, subscribe and hit me up on Instagram to chat and now let's get into this video. Back in the early stages of 2021, Brooklyn and Nicola dropped about $10.5 million on a very impressive starter home in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Beverly Hills. In fact, according to multiple reports, this home was in such high demand at the time of their purchase that the couple decided to offer $1 million over the asking price, which was originally $9.5 million. For that sum of money, Brooklyn and Nicola secured themselves a 7,700 square foot property that sits on just over a third of an acre of land and boasts five bedrooms, five full baths and two half baths. The exterior of this gorgeous home is made out of expansive walls with glass that connect indoor spaces with outdoor ones. And those exterior spaces offer up a host of beautiful views of the surrounding hills. Thanks to the couple's love for new age experiences, their house is filled with features that prioritize wellness and mindfulness. For instance, it boasts its own massage room, a sauna and even a steam room, but that's just the start. There's also been some smoky quartz crystal installed as part of the front foyer in an attempt to purify and neutralize unwanted energy entering the house. Other striking structural features in this home include a chic living space with a ton of exotic wooden stone set throughout. There's even a Feng Shui-inspired reflecting pool located right beside the front door that's designed to attract and enhance all positive energy, wealth and abundance. Three things that these two already have more than enough of to begin with. Other highlights of the interior include an open-plan living room by a nearby gourmet kitchen that's been outfitted with top-tier appliances as well as an Eden Island and breakfast nook, all of which is flanked by a temperature-controlled wine closet. Not far from there are some smoky glass walls slide away to reveal a pretty spectacular home theater, while other amenities include a yoga exercise room as well as an in-house juice bar. Then there's an epic 2,000-square-foot master suite. It not only offers a gorgeous fireside seating area with an accompanying wet bar, but there's also a separate office space, balcony, designer showroom closet and an en suite complete with a soaking tub and sauna to round everything out. A fashionable spiral staircase leads up to the roof and the raised meditation slash yoga deck that's surrounded by a zen rock garden and an outdoor spa tub. Also located up here is a scaled-down replica of the famed labyrinth of char trees from France.  There's also a wide space of flat greenery next to an alfresco dining area with a built-in barbecue and pizza oven. And of course, no backyard in California would be complete without a pool and spa combo. But as lovely as this place is, Brooklyn and Nicola would only wind up spending about a year of their lives here. Explaining their decision to move on from the property, a source close to the family explained. They love the house and are sad to be listing it, but realize that they want it to be more flexible and bi-coastal. They want to have both a place in LA and one in Miami to be closer to their families. So a property this big just didn't make sense. In other words, rather than have one large property, the couple has decided to split that up into two smaller homes. But they have yet to find a new place on either coast. However, they've been spending an awful lot of time in Palm Beach, Florida getting married at Nicola's family estate. So why don't we take a look at that next? It's pretty easy to see why Brooklyn and Nicola selected the Peltz family estate in Florida to host their wedding. I mean, not only is the place worth an eye-popping $100 million, it stands a lavish 44,000 square feet of space and has everything you could possibly want for a celebration this important. Including vast garden spaces and beautiful seas that provide an ideal backdrop for an outdoor wedding ceremony. Furthermore, this oceanfront estate boasts two large properties and a sprawling driveway that leads up to a courtyard lined with palm trees. The complex also features outdoor tennis and basketball courts, as well as a stunning pool surrounded by a gigantic terrace with more than enough space for guests to kick back and soak up that Florida sunshine. Of course, the interior of this family home has been kept on the down low, but over the past few months, Nicola and Brooklyn have offered us glimpses inside on social media as they prepared for their big day. For instance, Nicola shared a photograph of herself posing inside of a pastel shaded bedroom, which also features a vintage style chandelier alongside some striped curtain. She also took a candid pic of her and her bow hanging out half dressed in a very yellow looking bedroom with a gloriously bright chandelier up top. But I'm willing to bet that you guys really want to see, but I'm willing to bet that what you guys really want to see are some pictures of the incredibly expensive $4 million wedding that took place there. Prior to the big day, aerial photos revealed three massive marquees that had been erected on the beachfront of the property to host the ceremony. One of the marquees featured a row of steps that leads directly down to the ocean and was furnished with lavish white and gold chairs. When it came time for the big moment, Nicola was walked down the aisle in a Valentino wedding dress by her father, accompanied by the sounds of a live rendition of Songbird from UK artist Sakuya. Her new sister-in-law Harper Beckham acted as a flower girl and her bridesmaids all wore gowns crafted by Taylor Jules Diaz. Meanwhile, Brooklyn wore a custom Dior outfit designed by Kim Jones as well as a bezel set Emerald's cut Diamond Chain made by Anita Koh, which was a gift from his new Very Rich in Laws. According to sources, the couple has already signed a prenuptial agreement because even though Brooklyn's parents are world-famous celebrities with $495 million in their bank account, Nicola's father is estimated to be worth a staggering $1.7 million. Now, the D.C. are officially man and wife. They'll start looking for their next series of homes on both the East and the West Coast. Of course, as soon as they find their new place, we'll be sure to fill you in on all of the details. But as for right now, that's going to bring this Brooklyn and Nicola house store to a close. Be sure to let us know what you thought about the newlyweds LA home as well as their amazing wedding at the Pelsa State. Thanks for tuning in. Follow me on Instagram to chat and I'll see you all in another video. Bye.


Hello, welcome back. In the previous segment, we discussed the most general form of the if statement. In this segment, we are going to see a more general way of specifying conditions. Sometimes the simple conditions that we used may not be adequate. So now we will see a more general way of specifying conditions. For example, we might want to say that look, do this if some two conditions are met rather than just one, some two conditions are true or we might want to say that do this if one of some two conditions is true. So for this we need something called compound conditions and this is how we write them. So here is an and compound condition. So the way it is written is condition 1 and and condition 2. So we will see examples of this, but say you could write this as if x greater than 5 and and y greater than 7, something like that. So when is this condition true? Well, it is true only if both these conditions are true. So if you put this in an if statement and if say if you write if this whole thing as your condition as your compound condition, then you can the consequent is going to be executed if both of these conditions are true. I can have an or condition as well. So an or condition looks like condition 1, bar, bar condition 2. And the whole condition, this whole compound condition is deemed to be true only if at least if and only if at least one of these conditions is true. Both need not be true. If one is true that is good enough. So again, if you put this as a condition, this entire thing as a condition in an if statement, then the consequent will be executed if one of these is true. And finally, we have a not compound condition. This is written as the exclamation mark followed by a condition and this is true if and only if this is false. So sometimes you want to do something if the given condition is false rather than if it is true. So in that case, you can write by putting a not over here. Now the components or the conditions included inside a compound condition may themselves be compound conditions. So for example, you might write something like condition 1 and and condition 2 or condition 3. So this is allowed. So how does this work? Well, we first evaluate condition 2 or or condition 3 or condition 3. So that means we check is one of these conditions true. So we want one of these conditions to be true and we want condition 1 to be true. Actually the order in which we do the checking is from left to right. So we first check whether this is true and then we check whether one of these is true. So if this turns out to be false, then we do not even have to worry about checking this because we know that both need to be true for this entire thing to be true. If one of them is false, then the entire thing is false anyway. So why bother to check these conditions? So that works here as well by the way. On the other hand, if this was an R, so in this case, we would check this condition and then if this is true, we do not even worry about checking this condition because at least one of them has to be true and we have already found, if we have already found one to be true, we do not have to worry about checking the second condition. Anyway, so we can have conditions which are ands and ors and we can have even more complex conditions. So compound conditions which are themselves containing compound conditions. So let us take an example. So I can have a condition if income is greater than 180,000 and income less than 500,000. Do something. So do what? Tax equal to income minus 180,000, excess of income over 180,000, 10% of that. So when will this be executed? So when will this tax statement be executed? This tax assignment be executed? Well, so suppose income is 1000, then this condition itself is false. If this condition is false, we do not worry about even evaluating this condition because both of these conditions need to be true for this entire condition to be true. So in that case, the entire condition is deemed as false if income is 1000 and so this consequent is not executed or this assignment statement does not get executed. Suppose income is 200,000 or 2 lakhs. In which case what happens? Is this condition true? 200,000 is indeed bigger than 100 and 800,000. So this condition is true. But we do not stop over there because we need to check whether both are true. So then we execute this. So 200,000 is less than 500,000. So this condition is also true. So as a result the complete compound condition is true. So in which case this statement, this consequent will get executed. So tax equals now income is 200,000. So this statement will get executed. So we will get this will become 20,000 times 0.1 or the tax will be 2000. Finally, let us say income is bigger than income is equal to 600,000. So in which case what happens? Is this condition true? Is 600,000 bigger than 100 and 800,000? Yes, it is true. So if this is true, we should check whether this is also true. So in that case 600,000 is not less than or equal to 500,000. So this condition is false. So as a result this compound condition is false and therefore the consequent is not executed. So this is not executed. So what I mean by nothing happens is that the consequent is not executed. So the same condition may be expressed in many ways. So I can write income greater than or equal to 180,000 or I could have written 180,000 less than or equal to income. But I could also write this as not of income less than 180,000. And similarly I could write this condition as this. And therefore the previous statement can be written by using these forms rather than these. So this is just to alert you that conditions can be written in the same condition, the same constraint that we are talking about can be written in many, many ways. Let me take another example. Suppose we have a rectangle in the x, y plane. So this may arise in graphics or in geometry. So let us say this is our x, y plane. So this is the x axis, this is the y axis. In graphics the y axis goes downwards but let us not worry about that right now. So the rectangle lies between the lines x equal to 0. So this is, sorry, so this is the line x equal to 0 and the line x equals 10. So this is the line say x equals 10. And it lies between, also lies between the lines y equal to 50. So maybe this is the line y equal to 50 and let us say this is the line y equal to 70. So this is the rectangle that is of interest. So we are writing a program in which somehow say this rectangle is figuring. So maybe what is going on is that we have drawn this rectangle on the screen and then maybe we click and we want to know whether the click point is inside this rectangle or not. So let x, y denote the coordinates of a point possibly the click point and we want to know whether this point is inside the rectangle. So when would a point be inside the rectangle? So for this we will require that the x coordinate should be between 0 and 10. So x coordinate must be somewhere in this region and the y coordinate should be between 50 and 70. So between this region or in other words the point should be somewhere inside this. If any of these conditions does not hold then the point will be outside somewhere. So these are the conditions we that we need to check. So can we express this condition? So we can write this condition as 0 greater than or equal to x, x less than or equal to and x less than or equal to 10 and y greater than 50 and y less than or equal to 70. So if all of these conditions hold then really these conditions are holding and then the point will be inside. So if you want to check whether the point is inside we will have to say something like if this then take whatever action that is needed for the point if the point is inside or else take action if the point is outside. Now I just want to make one remark. You may be tempted to write these two conditions jointly in this manner but this is not allowed. This is not how you are supposed to write these two conditions. You have to separate them out and write them in this manner. So what did we discuss? We discussed general ways of specifying conditions and here I should point out that we had these operators not and and or and the not operator has higher precedence than the and operator which has higher precedence than the or operator. So what do I mean by this? So if I have this condition now there is some ambiguity over here. So the ambiguity is do I mean should I do p and q first and then take not and then take or or should I do it in some other order? So this says that not has higher precedence. So that means this not p should be done first. So I have indicated it in this manner by putting parentheses then and has higher precedence than or. So after that I want the and to be evaluated. So that I have indicated this manner and after that sorry and to be evaluated. So I have indicated that in this manner and finally the or should be evaluated. So that happens now. So you can always put parentheses explicitly but if you do not put the parentheses explicitly if you write it in this manner then c plus plus will use these precedence rules and then the precedence rules will say that look this is what we will what c plus plus will execute. Now my preference is not to rely on precedence rules. My preference is to just write the parenthesis. So that it is it is very very clear. You do not you do not want to tax anybody's memory if somebody or if you are yourself reading the program later if you put the precedence then if you if you put the parenthesis then it is it is very clear and you do not have to tax your memory. So in the next segment we are going to take a somewhat large example what we are based on what we have learned so far okay a full program but before that we will take a quick break.


In this equation, or in this problem here, we're going to be given a function f of x equals four x minus one over two x plus three, and we wanna find the range of domain of this function. All right, and we wanna do this purely algebraically. When it comes to finding the domain, remember the domain for a rational function, the things we should be looking out for are taking the square root of a negative and dividing by zero. There's no square roots here, but division by zero is a real possibility. What makes the denominator go to zero? Well, we consider the equation two x plus three equals zero. We'll minus three from both sides, get two x is equal to negative three, divide by two x equals negative three halves. And so this is then the forbidden value. The domain of our function f will be all real numbers x, such that x does not equal negative three halves. And so negative three halves feels like the kid who didn't get picked on the dodgeball team. Everyone else gets to play except for negative three halves. So sad, I'm sorry, but that's what it is. If you wanna write this in interval notation, we do negative infinity to negative three halves, union negative three halves, negative three halves to infinity. So every number except for negative three halves is part of the domain. So we know how to find the domain of a function algebraically, but how does one find the range? This one's a little bit trickier, right? Because the domain we're looking for, we're basically focused on what numbers can we not shove inside the machine? But what, now we have to ask, what number cannot come out of the machine? That's a little bit difficult, right? When you look at this thing, you have your machine, it's called f, we're analyzing what goes inside of it. We can see what fits inside of that hole. If we wanna know what comes out of it, then it makes sense to look at the inverse function because what comes out of the function is what goes inside of the inverse function. Look at the other hole. What cannot fit inside of that? And so if we knew what the inverse function was, we could actually find the domain of the inverse function very quickly. Remember that the domain of the inverse function, f inverse, this is the range of the function. So how about we find the domain of the inverse function? Well, that would require we compute the inverse function. Voila, we actually did that on a previous example. Here it is, yay. So we're not gonna do it again. We saw that the inverse function is negative one minus three x over two x minus four. So when will this function be undefined? It'll be undefined when this denominator goes to zero. So that means we have to solve the equation two x minus four equals zero. That makes the inverse function undefined. At four to both sides, you get two x equals four, divide by two, you get x equals two. That's your forbidden value. And so the domain of the inverse function is gonna be all numbers x such that x does not equal two. Or an interval notation, negative infinity to two, union two to infinity. So if we have a one-to-one function, finding its range just comes down to finding the domain of the inverse function. This is a nice thing because we can find domains of functions. So if we can find the inverse function, which we can now, and if we can find the domain, we can use that to find the range of functions. Now, that's a really great technique that I would recommend in general, but it does require the function be one-to-one, which good thing is linear fractional are always one-to-one functions. If your function's not one-to-one, we're gonna have to be a little bit more clever on finding the range. And that's a talk we're gonna have to have another day.


Your Coca-Cola bottler presents Claudia Claudia based on the play and novels by Rose Frankin brought to you transcribed Monday through Friday by your friendly neighbor who bottles Coca-Cola Relax and while you're listening refresh yourself have a coke And now Claudia It was a very long movie wasn't it It's not only long but it seemed longer. I'm glad we went wasn't even one Mickey Mouse I don't know what you found to be so happy about nice walking home like this You really want to walk all the way. I wouldn't dream of doing anything else It's wonderful to be alone Late it feels as if we were the only people awake in all of New York isn't as late as all that it's hardly Quarter to one Many people in New York go to bed earlier than other people think they do Maybe not everybody's in bed though. There's the subway Maybe it's empty Somebody has to drive it, you know there's always a motorman Maybe there isn't maybe it's going all by itself Maybe it just got tired of sitting wherever subway trains sit when they're not going any place Decided to take yourself out for a ride Well maybe but I doubt it You sound kind of tired In fact you sound as though you were half asleep Sure you are Me sleepy I feel wonderful So bad we're walking That's good That goes the only cab I've seen since we left the theater I wouldn't ride in a cab for anything I just want to be alone with you Not even a cab driver around I thought you liked cab drivers Not tonight David Do you have any idea how I feel Oh sure sure Sleepy I feel as though we were the only two real people left in New York A moment ago we were the only two people awake Now we're the only two people real I hope nobody heard you say that They might resent old Darling you know what I mean I feel as though we've been left the whole city By a rich aunt I suppose Or a fairy godmother And in the morning if we wanted we can bring everybody back to life again Right now we're keeping it very private Just for the two of us New York couldn't belong to a nicer girl She couldn't belong to a nicer man And one of the nicest things about you Is that I'm never sure when you sound sleepy David that's the sweetest thing you ever said to me Oh listen to the cats Way off down the street somewhere The trashmen are collecting the trash There's a locomotive That's not a locomotive that's a tugboat Sounds like a locomotive Indeed it does If only there was some steam locomotives in New York That might very well be one of them Aren't there any? No Why didn't I ever know anything like that before I got married? Well I hope because you were never out as late as this before Or maybe the gentleman you knew were too busy talking about your lovely eyes You like them? Oh they're fine It would be a big help if you could see in the dark You don't have to see you can just listen You certainly hear better in the dark Listen to that fire siren It's miles away probably But the city's so quiet you can hear it clearly I like sirens don't you They're very exciting Just the thing for the living room We ought to throw out the hurdy-gurdy and get a new siren I suppose the next modern composers Will be writing concertos Maybe they're coming this way Maybe it's much closer Maybe they're coming this way I hear more than one siren now too don't you Must be a big fire They always sound big at night It's sort of a chilly sound isn't it Oh I don't think so It's a little like hearing somebody walk down the street Cristling when you're in bed Maybe that's so when they're far away But it's not a nice sound when it's coming your way And these party are coming our way Look at those lights Hear the motors Come on darling come on Lady unless you've got boats in the badge You can't pass here Claudia that's the fire line What they let us get any closer Lady you don't want to get any closer You see that wall You're the one that's fallen down And you're pretty little head now do you Oh we can't do anything good here Oh so it's good you're wanting to do But lady the police department And the fire department have this condition well in hand Thank you for your kind offer and cooperation however The commissioner and I are very grateful indeed It's a real condition all right It's a clear three alarm condition You mean a three alarm fire Certainly See that red car there That's the battalion chief He comes along with the first alarm And sees what kind of a condition you got Oh fire Fire Say there's a lot to a condition besides just a fire There's the type of construction And the smoke and combustible Look it can go right into the building Where all the fire is Oh dear that aren't they brave If I came along and saw something like that I just want to turn right around And go back to the fire house And play checkers There are a bunch of lazy bumzo's firemen I think that's a terrible thing to say Look at them Hey isn't that somebody climbing over the roof He hasn't got the brains he was born with Besides it looks a lot harder than it is I think it's just as hard as it looks Not for them fellas They get racks in their heads Just a bunch of dumb wires But you sound like an Irishman yourself officer But Fireman Timothy J. Kilbride Of County Cork County Cork isn't that you can add if it Oh no we live in Knottville County County Cork is right in the heart of Old Ireland Not that I give you two cents for the whole of it baby You'll get me wrong now I can talk about the fireman Because my dad was a fireman Here in New York Engine company number 12 Say he was a famous fellow in the old days And he still is if you listen to him Lieutenant Smokey McBride There was never a condition that could lay him out That's what he says Conditions what's he mean? He means that well he means that condition David it's going to spread to the building next to it isn't it? Well naturally Those fellas like it to spread makes more of a show don't you know Give people something to look at How are they going to get people out Nobody in those buildings Desserted old warehouses Why they don't let the whole thing burn down Just to get them out of the way But not those fire fillers Oh no not when they got a good crowd like this one Where did everybody come from? Just ten minutes ago we were walking home And we thought we were the only people left in the city Everybody loves a fire Everybody loves to watch people in trouble mister That's the whole secret of the human race Is that it? And when you got thousands of people On the street and yelling for action That's when along comes the fire department To put on a performance No crowd, no firemen If you've got a crowd All of a sudden It takes a hundred firemen to take care of a condition You could handle with as much water As you could get in the Mississippi That's a fine way for the son of a fireman to talk Son of a fireman See I got two brothers who are firemen too You ought to hear the way we talk to each other When we get home I'm the only cop in the family Better me?  I sure was You'd never know what to look at me would you They stretched me an inch and a half So I made it Danny and Pat were too lazy to stretch So what happens? Danny and Pat They're lazy bumps They get all the glory Everybody stands around owing an eye They climb back and forth like a couple of monkeys And everybody cheers and says they're heroes And when they walk down the street They're everybody's pal Look at those flames David You can feel how warm they are in your face I think they're getting part of it under control You remember a few minutes back There were flames coming out Right back over there Now all you can see is smoke That's firemen for you And all the policemen's good for is telling people To get out of the way But it's a nice world ain't it Well don't the policemen keep the firemen From walking off with the family silver Now none of that talk young fellow I'll run you in An officer kill ride would keep people From running off with furniture After his brothers had carried it down to the street Nobody'd run off with the furniture David Well they wouldn't wouldn't they Lady you don't know what people are like In the first place these conditions Are all about spontaneous combustion But never heard of it I heard of people sleeping in bed With a lighted cigarette in their mouth Dropping a match in a waste paper basket Leaving the stove on What did you say I said leaving the stove on starts fires Leaving the stove on David I don't remember turning it off Oh don't be silly you turn it off alright David I'm not sure And I'm sure that if I remembered I'd be sure How's that You don't look like the kind of lady I'll show you I can't really see so good in this life I know I turned it off under the soup And the string beans The coffee I know I left it burning I guess they haven't got it under control Here comes more engines They ain't coming here You sure of that Sure they can tell by the sound And this fire is under control Now they're going somewhere else in the neighborhood There's another condition around here somewhere Another one around here There it is Our house Doesn't look as though there was a fire here after all I guess you did remember to turn off the stove Mrs. Naughton Right darling Most of the people in the world are the same way Whenever they hear a fire engine One part of them thinks it It must be going to my own house Me too We're the only people in the world We're the only people in the world We're the only people in the world We're the only people in our own house Me too We're the only people left in the city again New York belongs to us No we're not the only people I know Officer Kilbride is somewhere around David will we have to have a fire Of our own to find him again? Well I hope not Why? Well when he started talking about stoves I forgot to ask him The most important question of all What was that? I'm going to find out Find out what? How he was stretched These broadcasts are adapted for radio By Mania and Roger Starr Oh hey there lad Just a moment please Yes Officer Kilbride Say is the last ever going to know how I was stretched Well you never know what Claudie is going to know Well I hope you'll never be knowing what it is to have a fire of your own Well fire is one thing you can't be too careful about isn't it And it's a good thing to keep yourself protected as well Particularly when you have your own home Well Officer Kilbride could you be suggesting that Claudie and David Protect their new house with some fire insurance I leave it to Mr. Norton That young man knows what he's doing And he'll have to know what he's doing tomorrow Because that's when David will try to sell Claudie On buying some fire insurance That's a job for a man alright I sure would like to be there to hear that Well goodbye lad And I'll bet David wishes you'd be there tomorrow too When he introduces Claudie to fire insurance Goodbye Officer Kilbride The entire production of this broadcast Was supervised and directed by William Brown Maloney Your teenagers notion of a good time May not always jive with yours But one delight of teenagers is quite understandable And that's Coca Cola Give youngsters plenty of ice cold coke And funds in the air Which is only natural Or coke is what any of us orders When we want to enjoy the pause that refreshes Every day Monday through Friday Claudia comes to you transcribed With the best wishes of your friendly neighbor Who bottles Coca Cola So listen again tomorrow at the same time And now this is Joe King saying Orivoire And remember Whoever you are Whatever you do Wherever you may be When you think of refreshment Think of Coca Cola Or ice cold Coca Cola Which refreshes


Dear students, today we are going to perform plasmid DNA isolation from bacterial cell culture. DNA, genomic DNA is a different type of DNA and it has a large size while the plasmid DNA is in very small size. So there is a different technique in which we use to isolate the plasmid DNA. In the plasmid DNA, we have three steps in which we isolate the plasmid DNA. While in the genomic DNA isolation, we most of the time have straightforward protocols in which cell wall or cell membrane is disrupted and nuclear membrane is disrupted and we get the DNA. But while getting the plasmid DNA, we get the plasmid DNA along with the bacterial DNA. So we have to avoid the bacterial genomic DNA and separate it from the plasmid DNA. There are mainly three steps in which we isolate the plasmid DNA from bacterial cell culture. In the first step, we cultivate the bacterial cells and we culture them for 24 hours at 37 centigrade. After that, we get the bacterial cell culture and we centrifuge it and we get the bacterial cells. These cultivated bacterial cells are then treated with different solutions to license the cell wall of these bacterial cells. We use isotonic solution like HCL, EDTA and we use the alkaline solution like SDS. In these, and we also add glucose in these solutions. These disrupts the cell wall and also denatures the DNA. The DNA of the bacteria and also the plasmid DNA is denatured. And in the next step, re-natured of the plasmid DNA and is occurred. We re-nature the plasmid DNA with the potassium acetate. Genomic DNA has a large size so it is not easily re-natured while the plasmid DNA is in a very small size and it is re-natured very easily. After the re-naturedation of this plasmid DNA, we get this plasmid DNA and we purify it with the alcohol and then we concentrate it to further use. In LAP we use a master kit for the purification of plasmid DNA. This gene jet mini prep kit is used for the plasmid isolation. It has a certain protocol and we will follow the protocol and isolate the plasmid DNA from this kit. This is the bacterial cell culture of E. coli which we prepared yesterday. We cultured it yesterday and it is now ready for the use and we will extract our plasmid DNA from this bacterial cell culture. These are E. coli cells. For the culturing of E. coli in LB media, you can see our another video. Now we will take 1.5 ml of the cell culture and we will centrifuge it. The bacterial cell will be pelleted down and we will discard the supernatants which will be the LB media. And then we will use these cells for the further plasmid DNA isolation. Now I am taking these two append of 1.5 ml tubes. I label these tubes as 1 and 2. Now I will shift 1.5 ml of bacterial culture into two append of tubes and we will centrifuge it at 10000 rpm for two minutes. I just open these tubes and I take the blue pipette. I will set it at 1000. I set it at 1000 microlitre. First I will dispense 1000 microlitre. And after that I will dispense 500 microlitre into each tube. This is cell culture. We will just open it. I have opened both the tubes. Just mix the cell culture before taking the culture because sometimes bacteria are at the bottom. This cell culture was grown with proper antibiotics so that we can confirm that the culture is properly grown. For culturing these E. coli you will see our separate video in which you will see how you will culture these bacterial cells. Now I will adjust my pipette at 500 microlitre and add more 500 microlitre in both the tubes. You can see it's 500 microlitre now and I will add more 500 into each tube. Before taking mix the culture. Discard the use tip. Cover the test tube properly and put it in this stand. Now I have taken this 1.5 ml cell culture into two append of tubes which was previously labelled. Now I will centrifuge these tubes at 10000 rpm for two minutes. The bacterial cell will be pelleted down while the extra lb media will be supernatant. I will discard the lb media which is supernatant and will take the bacterial cells. And from these cells I will extract the plasmid DNA. Now I will put these tubes into the centrifuge machine for two minutes at 10000 rpm. You can see I have set this centrifuge machine at 10000 rpm for two minutes. I will open it and put these tubes into the centrifuge machine. While keeping the tubes into the centrifuge machine make sure that you have properly balanced it. And properly close the centrifuge tube. Now the two minutes have completed and our centrifugation has been done. So we will open it and we will take our samples. You can see the bacterial cells are pelleted down. We will discard the supernatant which is most of the time lb media. And we take the pellet which is bacterial cells and we will proceed with this pellet. Now I am going to discard the supernatant and I will take the pellet. While discarding the supernatant make sure that pellet is not being discarded with the supernatant. You can see it is the pellet and now I will discard the supernatant from the other tube. I am making this with two tubes because you must have some balance while centrifugation in the centrifuge machine. In this tube you can see the pellet is more clear. These are the bacterial cells from which we are going to extract our plasmid DNA. Now our bacterial cell culture is ready for the further use. So we will proceed to our plasmid extraction kit which is thermo-scientific gene jet plasmid mini prep kit. These are the following solutions which are present in this kit. This is lysis solution, this is resuspension solution, this is neutralization solution and this is wash solution. So these solutions will be used in different steps. In first step we will add 200 microlitre of resuspension solution. I will take the pipette and we will set it at 200 microlitre. I will add 200 microlitre of resuspension buffer into our tubes. This is resuspension buffer. I have set my pipette at 200 microlitre. Now I will dispense 200 microlitre of resuspension buffer into our tubes. I am adding it to the first tube and now into the second tube. Discard the tip, close the cap immediately. Now I will close my tubes. These bacterial cells will be resuspended in the resuspension solution. We will mix it while vertexing it for at least 30 to 40 seconds. Mix it thoroughly so that all the bacterial cells are resuspended in the resuspension buffer. Now you can see these bacterial cells are resuspended. Now I will do it with the next tube. Now you can see these bacterial cells are resuspended in the resuspension buffer. After that I will add 250 microlitre of lysis buffer. You can see this is the lysis solution. This lysis solution will do the lysis of bacterial cells and bacterial cell wall will be disrupted. And all the plasma DNA and genomic DNA from bacteria will be out in the solution. So I have set the pipette at 250 microlitre. I will add lysis solution into both of my tubes. This lysis solution will break down the cell wall of the bacteria and all the plasma DNA and the genomic DNA will be available in the solution. I will just mix these tubes by inverting these tubes from 10 to 20 times. After mixing the lysis solution, now I will add neutralization buffer 350 microlitre in each tube. This is our neutralization solution from the kit. Now I will add 350 microlitre in each tube. Take the new tip, open the bottle and dispense one by one. Make sure that there is no bubbles while dispensing this solution. Don't touch the tubes, close the bottle and now close the tubes and mix it. At this stage there is genomic DNA of the bacteria present in this tube while the plasma DNA is also present. Now we are re-natured the plasma DNA which is in small size and easily re-natured while the genomic DNA of bacteria which is in large size is not easily re-natured. So we will pallet down the bacterial DNA and we will collect the plasma DNA from the supernatant. Now I will centrifuge this at 10000 rpm for 10 minutes and the chromosomal DNA will be palleted down and I will take the supernatant in the new tubes because our plasmid DNA is in the supernatant. I am putting these tubes into the centrifuge for 10 minutes at 10000 rpm. Open the centrifuge, put your samples in there. Make sure that the centrifuge is properly balanced, close the lid carefully, close the centrifuge machine and start. Now our centrifuge run has been completed and we will take out our tubes. Open the centrifuge machine carefully. You can see all the genomic DNA and the plasmid DNA is in the supernatant. We will take the supernatant and purify it while passing through at the column. We will take two separate columns, these are the columns with the centrifuge tubes. We will label our columns according to our tubes. As our tubes are 1 and 2 and we will label our columns as 1 and 2. We will take carefully our supernatant and pass through the column from tube number 1 to column number 1. While taking the supernatant, please don't touch the pellet. Now I am transferring the supernatant into the column. While going into the column, don't touch the column membrane. Now discard the tip and transfer the second sample into the second column. Add the new tip, open the tube and carefully took the supernatant. You can take around 600 and 700 microlitre supernatant or you can take even 500 microlitre supernatant. But take carefully and don't disturb the pellet. Now you can see the column is filled with the supernatant. Now we will centrifuge these columns and this supernatant will be passed through the membrane to the bottom. We will centrifuge it at 7000 rpm for 1 minute. Carefully place these columns with tubes into the centrifuge machine. Close the lid and adjust the centrifuge speed at 7000 and adjust the time for 1 minute. Close the centrifuge machine and start. Now you can see our run is complete. Open the centrifuge, take out the tubes with the columns. You can see our supernatant is passed through the column and this will be discarded. While our plasmid DNA is in the membrane of the column. Carefully take out of the column, take out the column carefully and discard this solution. Now we will put 400 microlitre washing buffer into the both of the tubes through the column. This is our washing buffer washing solution and I will adjust my pipette at 400 microlitre and will put 400 microlitre washing solution into the both the columns. While adding the washing buffer please take care that don't touch into the columns specially the membrane. Because it can puncture the membrane and your plasmid DNA will be lost. This washing buffer will wash our plasmid DNA which is stuck into the membrane of the column. Close the tubes carefully and again we will centrifuge it for 7000 rpm for 1 minute. Carefully balance the centrifuge machine, close the lid. As you can see it is already set at 7000 rpm for 1 minute and start. Now our run is completed again. Open the centrifuge machine, take out the columns with tubes. You can see the washing buffer has passed through the column membrane. While passing through the column membrane it has washed our plasmid DNA. Take out the column carefully and discard this buffer. Again take out the column carefully and discard this washed buffer. We will repeat this step again and will wash this plasmid DNA with the washing buffer 400 microlitre and will centrifuge it for 1 minute at 7000 rpm again. We will take washing buffer again 400 microlitre, open the tubes. The pipette is already set at 400 microlitre. Take the new tip and add the buffer into the columns. Don't touch the column and especially the column membrane while adding the washing buffer. Close the column caps and tubes and again centrifuge it for 1 minute at 7000 rpm. I have put the tubes into the centrifuge machine, close the lid and start the centrifuge machine. Again our centrifuge run is complete and we are taking out our tubes. You can see the wash buffer at the bottom of the tubes while our plasmid DNA is in the column. We will again discard this buffer, carefully take out the column and discard this solution. For the second tube again take out carefully and discard this solution. So now our plasmid DNA is in the column stuck with this column membrane. But there may be some extra washing buffer in this column. To drain out that extra washing buffer we will centrifuge it at 7000 rpm for 2 minutes. So we are going to centrifuge it at 7000 rpm for 2 minutes now. Put this into the centrifuge machine, close the lid properly, set the time for 2 minutes and start the centrifuge machine. The centrifuge run is complete, open the centrifuge, take out our tubes. So if you see carefully some extra washing buffer at the bottom of the tubes. Earlier we did it for 2 times but still there was some washing buffer in the columns and it is drained in the next centrifuge. So we will pour it out, carefully take out the columns, discard it. So these are our columns and our plasmid DNA is in these columns. Now we will elute our plasmid DNA into new tubes. So we will transfer our columns into the new centrifuge tubes. We will take the new centrifuge tube, put our column into it. Now you can discard the previous tubes. So I have transferred our columns into new tubes and will add the allusion buffer. Please label our tubes according to the column numbers. This is number 1 so I am going to label it as number 1 and this is our number 2. So I am going to label it as number 2. Now I will add allusion buffer 50 microlitre each in each column. This is allusion buffer from the kit. I will take the yellow pipe it and we will adjust it at 50 microlitre. I will attach the yellow tip. This allusion buffer will dissolve the plasmid DNA into it and will pass through the column into the newly added tube. Discard the tip. Now we will put our tubes into the centrifuge machine and we will run it at 7000 rpm for 1 minute. Carefully close the lid. Now start the centrifuge machine. So our centrifuge run is complete. Now we will take it out of our tubes. You can see the allusion buffer has dissolved the plasmid DNA and it has passed through the column and it is at the bottom of the tube. And this is our extracted plasmid DNA. So now we can discard our columns and cap these tubes and use this plasmid DNA for further processing. So we will discard the columns. We will discard the second column as well. And this is our extracted plasmid DNA. This can be used for transfection and further any process. We should store it at minus 20 immediately and then after we can use it for any other process. Dear students, this was our plasmid DNA extraction practical. While doing this experiment, you should take care of these points. While the cell lysis solution step is done, do it quickly. Otherwise it will re-nature the genomic DNA and the genomic DNA will be extracted along with the plasmid DNA. At the resuspension and lysis buffer stage, do not vertex it vigorously. Otherwise it will re-nature the DNA and breaks it into the small fragments. And the third and the important point is that wear gloves and glasses to protect your hands and eyes. Thank you very much.


Everybody forced here upping 2022 flawless collegiate football hobby 1 box number 31 left side serial numbers Let's do the random then we'll get into the break. Good luck everybody a Three and three six times. So six times on the name six times on the numbers put him side by side to see who's got what? one two three four five and six Swaggy G down to John M and six times on the numbers one two three four five and six 16 down to 14. Let's move them over Swaggy G 16 Michael s3 Alexander 25 March in 21 Richard a 24 Brayden K 17 Valerie 15 Jason L 9 Luke s12 Jonathan K 4 Jonathan L 1 Jacob P 8 Brayden K 13 Scott F 11 Mauricio 5 Nathan Q 10 Jason L 2 carry M 19 at Brett C 18 Michael s20 Jonathan L 23 Brayden K 7 Jesse S 22 Stephen B 6 John M 14. Let me get those posted. We're getting right to it here Drop you a link in chat. I'll also call out the hits whose hit is who's as we go along here Just one moment Going into the fourth to come on. Let's go Ravens. Hmm. Good luck everybody You know, we'll call the hits as we go along here. Let me sort this Mike, what's happening, man? Feeling good about the Cowboys tomorrow It's gonna be one of that's gonna be an interesting game. I think that's gonna be exciting Well, I'm actually very excited to watch that game. It's gonna be close I mean basically every game of the Niners game was close to even that was close for a while. Yeah, I Had some everything else come down to the last possession really Which is what I mean it's the playoffs. That should be how it is, right? Here we go Here we go. All right dual patch up first here is Jelani Woods 23 of 25 Jonathan L with the 23 spot You had a pretty good year actually for the Coles. Yeah, he's very underrated. Yeah, him and Alec Pierce both. Yeah, yeah Jumbo patch card Rashad White Buck 16 and 20 another player that same boat right there swaggy with 16 Once they were like, okay, Leonard Fournette does have hands of stone This guy should be catching passes out of the backfield instead, right? That's what happened nice three color patch there Sun Devil rookie autograph Kyler Gordon three of 25 Michael s3 spot Backers sort of picking seven straight games what they said. That's not good. Yeah, it's tough You say bucks aren't that good. I don't know man. We'll see God RPA six of ten Kyred Williams six spots Steven B. I think it's gonna be a close game It's just a whole Brady in the playoffs thing. It's just not a guy you want to play it's an experienced team versus the Cowboys Mike McCarthy Mike McCarthy Guy rookie patch out of Khalil Shakira six of 20 six spots Steven B and on the road It's tough. It's tough Since he's not that team us. Let's go Gus. Yeah, Chris Godwin out on 19 out of 20 19 spot Carrie M I mean they lost week one. I'm not I'd I have I don't hold any weight in week one victory bucks over over over Cowboys Zero weight. We're doing that now. Okay a Justin Jefferson patch auto eight out of ten Jacob P with the eight spot Yeah, we one doesn't mean anything for better if the bucks are worse with bucks better if the payout was worse The Cowboys means zero Nice J Jetta's that's going in a mag Even games like out two months ago have like no bearing. Yeah, we go We've got a rookie sapphire gem Christian Watson 13 of 20 13 spot Braden K Rookie sapphire gem Bailey zappy one of 20 one spot Jonathan L Western Kentucky hilltopper right there. There's a diamond guarantee and last hit of the break is going To the eight spot RPA Chris Olava eight of 25 Jacob P There you go. Nice Olava And that's gonna do it for the the break. Thanks again everybody one more of these is up next