Greater Portland's Metro Bus services a million and a half riders per year. I spoke with General Manager Dave Redleafson about some new services additions to their 2012 summer youth discount program. David, thanks very much for joining us. It's a pleasure to have you here. Thank you again. Now I want to talk about some of the changes with Metro's bus routes, but before we get into that, in case anybody doesn't know, what's Metro all about? Metro is one of the public transportation providers in the Greater Portland region. We service Portland, Westbrook, Falmouth, and also the main mall portion of South Portland. We are the largest public transportation provider in the state of Maine, with ridership last year in excess of 1.4 million. Wow, yeah, and I know from doing a video about Metro, you're on the cutting edge of a lot of different things. You've got fuel-efficient buses, and you have all kinds of different programs, and maybe we could talk about that a little bit. Before we really get into that, what are some of the route changes that are coming up that you really want to know people to know about? Right. Most importantly, as of May 13th, we have service changes to our number one and our number eight line. And what we're doing is, this has been a public has commented on this, probably in the last three or four years, that they wanted later evening service on the peninsula, and especially up to Monjoy Hill and Easton Promenade. So what we have done is we've taken our existing budget, looked for service efficiencies on our other routes, and applied those efficiencies towards extending out later bus service on our number one line, which now gives us three evening trips, which we never had before. And it's just the immediate reaction from the public over the last week or so has been just nothing but short of positive. They've been, it's long overdue, they want it. And, you know, we've heard from ridership, as well as business establishments, not only in the downtown area, but also up on Monjoy Hill. And they're just ecstatic that it's going to happen within two weeks. That's great that you get in and put it from the public, and then you respond to it. Do you have any like normal ways that you collect input from the public? Well, what we do is we put out ridership surveys. And we have one that's perpetual surveys that we listen to the ridership, but also occasionally we'll take data from our on-off survey, which we conduct every two years. We'll look at trends and then take that data, as well as public input. And we do, you know, also work with our elected officials in the area. And we look at possibly a need. And we take that, analyze all of that data. But most importantly, you know, working with our board of directors and our ridership service committee, we utilize the existing budget. So we're not adding any cost to this particular service addition, but working within our means and, you know, keeping the entire change, although it's an addition, keeping it a cost-neutral solution. I don't live locally, but I learned a lot about Metro from the video that we produced for you. And I understand that you've got a lot of programs to accommodate different people. Like, for example, this summer, there's a youth pass. Do you want to talk about that? Each year for the summer, beginning in June, we offer a youth pass, which is a great deal. $20, you can ride as many times as you want for the months of June, July, and August. And there is a portion of September in the beginning. But that $20 for, you know, the youth pass is incredible, incredible value.  But, you know, we're trying to make that outreach to, you know, the entire region that this is a great opportunity. The kids are out of school, take advantage of public transportation, but also take advantage of only having to make the one purchase and having that pass available and good for, you know, three-plus months. You know, it's amazing to me that you're all able to offer these kind of discounts and special passes for people when even the basic ridership, I understand from what we've done is subsidized, isn't it? Yes, it is, yes. We have, well, what we've done is, you know, we're working with our board of directors because we are a public sector agency. And it's really for the people of the region. And it's a tax, you know, the tax base is supporting our public transportation. And all it is is taking that and returning the service back, you know, to the residents and visitors to the region. Great, now, if people want more information about, you know, any of the things that we've talked about in any of your programs, because there's a lot to know about Metro, where can they go to get that kind of information? Well, we have our website, you can get that information. And, you know, if you happen to be Monday through Fridays, there is a person always at the other end of that call with, you know, to help you through the basics of getting from point A to point B. I think it's a great service. It's a wonderful system right here in Portland. And I thank you for being on here and sharing that with us. Thank you very much. And it's always been a pleasure to be always being with you too. Thanks.


Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Shani Jardin. I'm one of the editors of boing-boying.net, a funny-sounding blog that sometimes covers serious things, like we were live blogging from the genocide trial. I also teamed up with my partner, Miles O'Brien, to produce a series of reports for the PBS NewsHour from Guatemala. And we were down there for about six weeks observing the trial and interviewing victims, interviewing people like Patrick Ball and Pamela Yates and Kate Doyle and some of the other people that you see here, and also interviewing people like Zuri Rios and Harris Whitbeck. And it was an interesting experience. This afternoon, I am very honored to be here to moderate this conversation with Ben Kamin, Manuel Geronimo, who is from a community called Rabinal. His family is Achi, Maya. They are Achi speakers. And one afternoon during the trial, I literally sat at his feet while he gave a speech. All of us, press, were kind of crowded around his feet. And we were listening to him speak. I think it was on May 9th or May 10th. And he delivered this beautiful speech. I just want to read you the last couple of lines of this. I wish I could fully explain how emotional it was to listen to this inside the genocide trial. He ended his speech before the court. He said, we are not looking for vengeance. We're looking for a true peace with justice, with respect, with equality, with dignity. That is why we're here. So I ask you once again, he said to the court, the moral reparations to the victims, the protection of the witnesses of our lawyers, that all of the Maya people be respected and protected. And then he said, it is written that it's easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for un rico genocido, a rich genocidal person, to enter into the kingdom of heaven. And I remember when he finished that speech, just everybody on the side of the eschiel leapt to their feet and just screamed and clapped. And you might add another line that it is also easier for a camel to pass through an eye of a needle than it is to actually have a conviction that holds for a rich genocidal person. Also with us this afternoon, again, a great honor to welcome Roddy Brett, who is a lecturer for the Center of Peace and Conflict Studies at the School of International Relations at the University of St. Andrews. He is a scholar who's lived for the last 12 years in Latin America. He's an advisor to the United Nates High Commission for Human Rights in Guatemala. And he's an advisor to the UNDP in Guatemala and to the United Nations Peace Unit in Colombia. Those two countries, obviously, have some interesting things in common. He prepared a special witness report for Cases Against Truyosmont and Lucas Garcia on the Eschiel Maya people who were at the center of this trial, as I think most of you here know, and on Iskán for Caldeache. He's a specialist in human rights, genocide, indigenous peoples, peace processes, and the author of no fewer than eight books on the subject.  So the theme of our conversation this afternoon is on building peace after genocide. And I imagine that if you pose this theme to a number of people in Guatemala, they would say, well, what peace? And what after? Because you could easily make the argument that the genocide didn't end. Yes, the mass killings in the sense that they happened during the time of Riosmont have ended. But one could argue, and in fact, there are indigenous groups who argue today, that the extractive industries, the mining in San Rafael and those four communities that are under state of siege, that were placed under state of siege, a military occupation during the trial, that this kind of activity is a form of genocide as well. And I thought maybe it would be nice to begin by asking Benjamin Geronimo for his thoughts on, well, all that has happened since that day, since he gave that beautiful speech, the conviction, the effective overturning of the conviction, and where we go from here to pursue peace after genocide. And we do have a translator here. Well, thank you very much for the space. From here to here, a people, for me, a very admirable people, for me, for the distance. Thank you so much for giving me the space to come here to talk to you. It's very important for me to be here. For my family members, for the victims, for the survivors, that's why we're here today. And in order to talk about what's going on right now, we still have to talk about what happened before. And in order to talk about what's going on right now, we still have to talk about what happened before. The experience that the genocide has left for me. After the massacre, I lost 14 members of my family. And that doesn't include my grandparents or my aunts, uncles, nieces or nephews. Después para construir la paz después del genocidio. And so after, in order to build peace after genocide, después que nos quedamos solos, cuatro hermanos, varones de mi familia, the four brothers that were left, the four of us, nos tuvimos que unirnos, organizarnos. We had to unite and we had to organize ourselves. Para ver qué se puede hacer. To figure out what we could do. Desde 1985, siete años o seis años después de la masacre después del genocidio, nos tuvimos que unirnos para ver si se puede denunciar lo que nos habían hecho. So in 1995, seven years after the massacre, after the genocide, we got together to try to figure out how to organize ourselves and do something and denounce what had happened. Por el tiempo ya no los conozco, pero han llegado varios en mi comunidad. Donde nos acompañaron. And thanks to the international community who came to help us, to accompany us. It was really them who were there to give us support and accompany us in this process. Y ahí son los que nos dieron fuerza para poder denunciar. And they gave us the strength to be able to denounce what had happened. Para presentar noches denuncias en el Ministerio Público. And to present the denouncement of what had happened formally at the public prosecutor's office. Mi experiencia de llegar en este caso en este momento sobre el caso colectivo del genocidio en Guatemala. And so my experience with this collective process of looking for justice for genocide in Guatemala. I also represented the members of my community, of the 200 some members of my community. Conexionado y un judicial de la JEDOS. Where five different military officials were condemned and they each have different stations. Fueron condenado con 700, 80 años por asesinato. And they were each condemned for 780 years for murder. Organizando ya se fue formando la asociación para la justicia de conciliación a JEDOS en Guatemala. And this is how we started our organizing by forming the Association for Justice and Reconciliation in Guatemala. Donde tiene cobertura en cinco regiones del país donde sucedieron las masacras. That is represented by five regions in Guatemala where the massacres occurred. En 2009 también fue representante legal de la asociación para la justicia a JEDOS en Guatemala. In 2009 I was also the representative for the AGR, the Association for Justice and Reconciliation in Guatemala. En 2011 también fue como reelect solo descansé dos años para ser nuevamente representante legal de la asociación para la justicia y la conciliación. And then in 2011 I was re-elected so I only had two years to relax before they called me again to represent them. And with my compañera who was then the president of the AGR, she was in charge of it when they issued the arrest warrants against Rios Mont. Impuesto, o sea, propuestas por los abogados defensores de los responsables de las masacras. And so we were always represented by Caldeache, our legal representatives in the case. In 2012 the legal representatives of the defense tried to put forward these legal stays on the case that Caldeache had to work around. El 11 de enero empezamos nuevamente ya conculiendo con los recursos que habían dejado, que se había quedado el año 2012. In January 11th all of those legal stops had been resolved and the case would move forward in 2012. Y también en el 2012 los abogados defensores pusieron más de 100 recursos donde el 95 por ciento les fueron rechazados, les fueron negados y fueron resueltos a favor de las víctimas. In 2012 the defense lawyers put forward more than 100 injunctions or legal stops trying to halt the process in which over 95% were found, were rejected out of hand, that there was no basis for them. De esa manera tuvimos, logramos avanzarnos para llegar en la fase intermedia, es donde se entregan las pruebas, donde se solicita, se entrega los documentos, elaborar por ellos. Para cometer la masaca. And after overcoming that obstacle we were able to move into the debate phase or the actual case hearing in the courts which opened the way for showing the evidence and having the testimonies to prove that there had occurred these massacres. Y gracias a un varón, guatemalteco, que se llama Miguel Ángel Galvez, que fue el que recibió las pruebas en contra de los responsables. And thanks to a young man named Miguel Ángel Galvez, there was very tangible proof to advance the case forward. Terminamos con los recursos que tenía en su mano y luego trasladó el documento, los expedientes al tribunal de sentencia. And he was able to turn in all of the evidence and once the evidence had been presented, the case moved forward into the final decision making moment. We were originally informed that the trial would open on the 14th of August of this year. But because of the magnitude and the gravity of the case. The judges, two very brave women and one very brave man, decided to speed up the process and move it along more quickly. They probably thought that if they waited until the 14th of August. That the defense lawyers would take that time to put in another hundred injunctions to stop the case. But because of the courage of the two judge women and the male judge, we were able to start in March. And the defense immediately started trying to put in other stops, stays, injunctions, anything to stop the judges from being able to hold the trial. But because of their courage and their understanding of the Guatemalan constitution and international treaties and conventions, the judges ruled in favor of us. And we won the sentence on the 10th of May this year. And in the moment that that happened, I was the legal representative.  I saw that the defense lawyers and party acted like children in front of the tribunal. I can second that I was there. That they saw that they couldn't defend the generals and so they left. They left running. Because they had nothing they could say. But in Guatemala, there is always impunity. And the highest court in Guatemala annulled a part of the sentence. Last week. And that's the concern that we have right now. As the association, as the victims, as the survivors, as the lawyers, as the society. And I'm sure if the trial is completely annulled and we hope it's not, the army is going to be installed again. So it's being installed, but it hasn't been able to put the hands together. Because there is still something that is watching us. There is something that is accompanying us to not leave. And we can't let them annull all of the case, all of the sentence, because that would allow the military to do what it did before. And already it's installing itself in communities. We need this precedent so that the military can't just repeat what it has done in the past. So our time is limited during the session. I want to give Professor Brett a moment to respond to some of what Benjamin Heronimo was just saying. When we were in the quarter, I remember part of your speech, you spoke about a request or a demand that the army stop occupying indigenous communities, something that was renewed in a new way during the trial itself. Professor Brett, can you take us back? How was peace built after the peace accords? After the war, after the war, after the genocide as it was defined for this trial ended. And how effective was that? Thanks, Ginny. And thanks for coming. I think the short answer is that it wasn't built. I think peace hasn't been built in Guatemala. For many reasons, I think first of all, there wasn't even any significant agreement on the meta-conflict, and by what I mean by that, is really what the conflict was about, what it meant, how it was defined. And in terms of the fact that whether or not it was a genocide, and clearly what's happened over the last few months specifically has demonstrated that. So what does that mean? Well, I think it means that post-authoritarian change has been shallow. And I think that's also, and this is an important point, that's what makes the achievement of Caleache and the Ajo Teere so important, right, because of the context in which it's taken place and getting Rios Mont and Sanchez Rodriguez to the courtroom. So I think in terms of the peace, how I would see it is that it's really, it was a peace process that never engaged with the root causes of armed conflict. It was a peace process that debated and negotiated everything with the exception of that, right? It was a peace process that was effectively, I think, despite the important struggles of civil society organizations without those struggles, we wouldn't even have got to that peace process. I don't think, or at least it would have been a very different peace process, but I think that it was a peace process that was imposed upon a very reticent and reluctant elite, right? And clearly that's been demonstrated today and it's that elite today that still has a Cold War mentality, right? It's that elite that never exercised any ownership over the peace process. So I think one of the most acute weaknesses of the peace process has clearly been the fact that we failed in terms of achieving one of the principal goals of a peace process which was reconciliation. And I think, well, clearly as we know, historical and legal truth is still being debated, the perpetrators have never assumed responsibility for what they did. In any way whatsoever. And I think an important point here is that before rights mechanisms can actually, human rights mechanisms or normative frameworks can actually apply to individuals or collective groups, these individuals and collective groups must be recognized as humans, right? As rights bearers, as deserving of rights, and that hasn't happened in Guatemala. Precisely, I think, one of the key elements of what Marta was saying, because of racism. So that is an essential building block that we need to overcome 30 years after the massacres, 16, 17 years after the end of the peace process, right? So that would be- So we're still working with a state that doesn't define them fully as human beings? Absolutely right, no. So that would be the first point. The second point I wanna make is that in that regard, what I think the current crisis, if you wanna call it that, with the trial demonstrates, okay, it certainly demonstrates a weak judicial system, weak institutionality, impunity, which has been, have been requiring problems in Guatemala. But clearly for me, the crisis with the trial demonstrates the absolute failure of the peace process in that regard, okay? An impunity for genocide, as we will see and are seeing, and for crimes against humanity. What that means and what that brings about is validation for such crimes. Literally, these crimes are validated. There's no sanction for them, okay? Which ends up, I think, further dehumanizing indigenous peoples and bringing about, as I think some other people mentioned, the distinct possibility of repetition in the future, okay? In one way or another. And as I think we were talking on the phone yesterday, Jenny, I mean, what people in various parts of what the Milo have said recently is with the state of siege and the military interventions, it's like the 1980s all over again, as we were saying yesterday, right? So I think that's crucial. So I think we haven't yet in what is essentially a highly unconsolidated, violent, fragile, pernicious hybrid democracy in Guatemala, we haven't reached that level of irreversibility of rights guarantees, okay? And just to finish or to conclude with that in terms of what the future might hold, I guess. I think we're probably all in agreement that the trial could inevitably have represented quite a crucial building block to build a state and for reconciliation. And I think that the crucial gains have been achieved really because of what Otto was saying earlier on, civil society, the role of civil society, the role of victims and survivors organizations, the election of Claudia Paz clearly. And this is a trial that I think, despite how a lot of internationals have played a really crucial role in the trial, it's a homegrown Guatemalan trial. And I want to put that right on the table, okay? That's the biggest historic aspect here, this is the first time in history that a former head of state was placed on trial for genocide and crimes against humanity in a domestic court in that same nation. And a trial that isn't driven by the state that isn't pushed as some transitional justice processes have been, but it's pushed by survivors and that's crucial. So what does that mean when I think it means a few things? I think clearly we need to ask yourself whether or not we actually have the risk of losing ground as a result of this trial, do we? I don't know, it's a debatable point. The second question I think I'd like to ask is, is it only a genocide if a court of law says it's only a genocide? I don't think it is, all right? And I've spent 10 years accompanying the Ajo Te Eri and Caldera Eche and working in this trial and having listened to the stories and we all know them and the experiences of what happened. So I guess what the point I'd like to make is how do we start engaging with the fact that what would have, what came out on 10th of May, what may come out again depending on what happens is a legal truth and that's one kind of truth but we have other truths, right? So a legal truth is inevitably a partial truth. And I think as certain people have said the damage has been done to the elite. So literally to finish. In terms of continuity, okay? Because I think clearly what we've seen are the massacres and what happened in the court recently is really shaped by the way of history, okay? And by that so-called Indian threat and by racism as Marta was saying. So what we've seen is generally, and I say generally because it's not necessarily the case whilst the massacres or the systematic massacres stopped, generally stopped. Obviously Totonika Pan, Sam Rafael and other parts of Guatemala massacres are continuing particularly related to international and national extractive industries and the imposition of those in Guatemala's pernicious peace. I think whilst massacres have finished what we see today is indigenous people are still dying of preventable diseases of hunger. They're systematically having their right to autonomy violated. So I guess my question would be is the normative framework that talks about genocide enough? And do we need to start thinking about defining, preventing and how we define, prevent and punish what's going on today in Guatemala? Is it a cultural genocide? Is it ethnocide? How do we understand it? And how do we think about a normative framework that would engage with that? And the last point really would be how do we also start thinking about the role of international actors? Because clearly it's a double-edged sword, right? The Guatemalan elite constantly play the sovereignty card when it suits them. And I think if we all remember in 2006, I think it was June 2006, when Santiago Pedras went to Guatemala, maybe it's 2007, and was basically had to leave with his tail between his legs because the Guatemalan authorities would not cooperate saying that literally I remember the front page of Plensa Libre said that el trabajo de los españoles se terminó aquí en 1821, right? So the work of the Guatemalans finished here in 1821. Sovereignty. That same week, and this is crucial, that same week the Guatemalan authorities signed the last elements of the future aid agreement with the US. So how do we engage with this and the questions that supposedly de la Nese from C.Cig resigned yesterday relating to what he had allegedly said about various people involved in the genocide trial? So I think there are lots of challenges that really lie ahead, both conceptual but also obviously on the ground practical to these struggles. So I'm getting some very emphatic cues that we need to wrap up but I do wanna give Benjamín Geronimo the last word here, sir. What would you say to concerned American audiences who would like to support the struggle of the victims of these abuses? How do we help organizations like AJR build peace after genocide? However that genocide ends up being defined and by whom? What I first wanna say is that what we really need is the international community to be present and to accompany us because what we've achieved in the trial, what we achieved in the sentence was thanks to the fact that international allies have been accompanying us. So what we continue to ask for is for the international community to be present to show solidarity, to accompany the process, so that when the military officials and their families look around, they see that the international community is paying attention and that... And that this actually is coming at a time when it's increasingly harder for international organizations and solidarity to be as visible in Guatemala. They're accused, or they accuse us of being parasites, of living off of the international community and it's not true. What we want is peace in Guatemala. We want the best for our communities. We want justice. We want equality. También muy poco la participación de nuestras víctimas porque están de una distancia de 200, 300 kilómetros de nuestra ciudad capital. Entonces cuando hay audiencias no podemos, no tenemos la capacidad para movilizar un cientos o miles de personas para que ven a presenciar el debate o las audiencias. Entonces por la sencilla razón que no tenemos recursos financieros para poder sensibilizar en las comunidades y con la misma poder presenciar en las audiencias. Entonces también las sugeremos. Este es que tal vez tienen más espacios también que nos apoyen económicamente para poder seguir con este proceso. And also given that many of the people who have been affected that are the survivors, that are the protagonists in this struggle live 100 kilometers, 200 kilometers from the capital and don't have the ability to travel to the hearings. It's very difficult for us to transport a thousand people which is only a fraction of the people who have been affected to be able to witness these hearings. And it's hard for us to come back to the community and be able to tell everyone what exactly happened. So another way that the international community could really help given that there are more resources and we really do not have them to be able to mobilize people is that the international community help financially so that we can help bring the message back to the communities in which we live and continue this fight. There's a lot to tell, but the time is very limited. So I thank you very much and we hope that we will always be in communication to be able to understand and to know what happens in our country. Thank you very much. So time is very limited. Donbe Kamin and Roddy Brett, thank you very much, both of you. Thank you very much.


Today on Nightline, a look back at Driver Appreciation Week, open enrollment for benefits, and a Driver Spotlight. I'm Megan Phillips for Nightline. Driver Appreciation Week 2023 is officially in the books, and it was a blast. All of our terminals gave away food and prizes. They were smoking meats in Gulfport, and in Phoenix, there was a half-court shot sponsored by Inland Kenworth, where the winner got a thousand bucks. If you didn't hear it enough during the week, let me say how much we appreciate everyone out there on the road, whether they drive for us or not. Although, we especially like our night drivers, y'all are rad. Open enrollment is coming up, and you know what that means. Look, I got benefits, got a lot of benefits, I got benefits, got a lot of benefits. From October 9th through October 27th, you will have the opportunity to make changes to your benefits plan. Here's the deal. Even if you're not making any changes to your coverage, you still have to enroll. Your current insurance coverages will not roll over, so make sure you enroll in order to be covered for 2024. To do so, go to www.benselect.com slash night transportation. Log in using your social security number and your PIN, which is the last four digits of your social security number, plus the last two digits of your year of birth. And if computers scare you, you can also enroll by phone. Just call 1-888-564-448-0 between the hours of 9 a.m. and 7 p.m. central standard time.  Amber Koby has been driving out of our Gulfport terminal for a decade. In that time, she has trained over 50 drivers and racked up over a million miles. She is the youngest female million mile driver at night transportation. She also happens to be a killer drummer. We did an in-depth dialogue with a driver on her, so if you want to hear all of Amber's story in her own words, check out the full video on our YouTube channel or any of our social platforms. That horn means it's time to enter the speed zone. Facts flying in at 65 miles per hour. The biannual driver survey is open until October 18th. We want to know what you think about how things are going. Plus, if you complete the survey, you'll get entered into a raffle for your chance to win a $50 gift card. Fill it out on the Night Driver Hub. The goal for the fuel efficiency bonus in the month of October is 7.31 miles per gallon. If you're looking for tips on how to increase your fuel efficiency, we made a video on that. You can find it on the Driver Hub. Congrats to our new million milers. Each of these drivers have worked so hard and accomplished so much. Thank you for doing what you do, and thank you for your dedication. And finally, shout out to our highest performing terminals for the month of August. Our highest performing large terminal was Memphis, and the highest performing small terminal was Kansas City. That's three months in a row. You guys are tearing it up over there. Congrats. Are you subscribed to Night Transportation on YouTube? If not, what are you waiting for? Get notifications for these videos and all of our latest stories and check us out on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and TikTok, so you can keep up to date with everything we do. All right, now stop everything. Cut the music. Take off the chroma key. We're doing a peek behind the scenes. I'm going to be leaving for a bit because this Maggie is preggy. So I'm out of $5,000 because I got a baby to birth. See you next year. Good night and good truck.


Alloverra-based hydrogels have been developed as a promising platform for the delivery of therapeutic agents in wound dressings due to their biocompatibility and unique wound healing properties. Recent studies have focused on the synthesis, structure, and properties of these gels, as well as the mechanisms by which they release therapeutic agents. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of alloverra-based hydrogels on wound healing, antimicrobial activity, and tissue regeneration have been explored. Finally, the incorporation of various therapeutic agents, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory ones, into alloverra-based hydrogels has been reviewed. Overall, this review provides valuable information on the current status of alloverra-based hydrogels for the delivery of therapeutic agents in wound dressings and highlights their potential to improve wound healing outcomes. This article was authored by Mariana Kelou, Adina Magdalena Music, Monica Popa, and others.


Welcome traders to the first Earnings Season Preview for 2023 with me, Patrick Munnerly. Today we are going to be looking at JP Morgan, but before we jump into the earnings preview, as always, once we're here to that risk disclaimer, most pertinent to today's presentation is the fact that the views and opinions expressed by me are solely mine. We are looking at the predictive or representative of those held by Tick Mill UK or Tick Mill Europe Limited. So like I say, we are looking at JP Morgan, who are set to announce earnings today before the open of trading in New York. We are looking for an earnings per share estimate of $3.08, based on revenue of 34.35 billion, with gains of more than 20% over the past six months, and 21% in the past three months shares of JP Morgan have been one of the best performing stocks in the financial sector. Despite the backdrop of possible recession, bank is being rewarded for several quarters of operating efficiency. Investors will want to know whether the bank can continue this momentum in the new year. While rate increases are beneficial to bank earnings, those events are not the only metrics investors are going to be watching. The idea of a possible recession is front and center and deciding to invest in risk assets, particularly as there is already evidence of an economic slowdown in several areas of the US economy. These topics will be answered when the company reports its fourth quarter fiscal 2022 earnings, as I said before the open of trading today. JP Morgan has shown that it can navigate these tough headwinds to return value to shareholders, reducing strong third quarter results with revenue growing by 10% year over year. Bank capitalized on higher interest rates resulting in a 17.5 billion of net interest income with strong Q4 profitability guidance of 19 billion. Bank sees no signs of slowing down at the current valuation of 139 per share JP Morgan stock trades below the average price target given by analysts. We'll take a look back in a minute. For this perceived value to matter the bank on Friday must deliver a top and bottom line along with some upbeat guidance. Let's take a look at some of the statistical trading patterns that we see around the JP Morgan earnings release the shares of the stock have moved lower in the immediate aftermath of earnings nine out of the 12 previous reports on average to stop me down 1.8% in the first day after trading post its earnings release based on the previous 12 earnings releases JP Morgan is more likely to trade lower one day after earnings for an average loss of 0.4% on average stock has moved lower by 0.2% one week after earnings. So the analyst perspective is important here and data provided by a trading view shows that the average estimates for the next 12 months comes in at 149 42 for the stock trading just shy of 140 at the close yesterday, the minimum expectation in terms of the 26 hours covering the stock is 118, the maximum 189, and it's a strong buy on the streets at the moment. So let's review some sentiment and flow perspective in terms of JP Morgan investor sentiment going into the earnings release today has 56.3% expecting the earnings beat. There has been some notable options activity with just over 4000 contracts trading at that 135 but which expires today options order flow sentiment in general has been bearish put to call ratio is currently 1.935% of core buyers with 65% puts trading predicted move post the earnings announcement is 3.1% versus an average of actual earnings moves about 2.5% in recent quarters. The options market has overestimated the JP Morgan stock earnings move 75% of the time in the last 12 quarters. So let's take a look at the JP Morgan chart now and see if we can identify any near term trading opportunities based upon the technical setup. From a technical perspective, last time, last earnings release we were looking for a break of this descending wedge pattern to the upside our target on a move through that 107 level was a test of the 133 level, which was our prior way of way for high that trading to target and we have since exceeded that moving up to the 138 80s before a three way corrected pullback. We're now in a potential fifth wave extension to the upside couple of levels I'm paying attention to as post earnings announcement any pullbacks into the trend channel support here 136 135 we're looking for bullish reversal patterns there to engage on the long side I'm targeting a move ultimately to test the 144 level which is the value area I hear versus the 12 month look back in terms of in terms of the volume traded. If we don't find support the 135 136 level any pullbacks into the 134 I'll also be paying attention to how price responds there again bullish reversal patterns, looking to engage on the long side same upside objective into that 144 145. However, if we don't find decent support there, we could see a pullback into the high volume node and monthly projected range support back down towards the 131 level. Once again, I'll be watching for bullish reversal patterns there to engage on the long side, looking for that upside objective 144 145. At this stage, it will take a loss of the 128 70 support zone to suggest more significant bearish price action could be in play. At that stage, if you get a close back through that 128 handle, I'd be looking for a deeper corrected pullback into test support to that 115 118 area that 118 obviously being that minimum downside objective from the analyst community. From there, I've been watching for bullish reversal patterns as I am constructive on JP Morgan over the longer term horizon, and I've ultimately been looking for opportunities to engage on the long side at this juncture so he levels for today are going to be that 136 135. If you find support there then looking at 133 and below their 131, like I say, only really getting meaningfully bearish on a break of 128. As always traders plan the trade trade the plan and most importantly, manage all this until next time. Thanks very much.


Hello everybody, welcome back to another episode of Anabaptist Perspectives. I'm here with Alan Roth. We're in Brooklyn, New York City, and we're actually in, this is a church and a school, if I understand correctly, that you were involved in starting. This is America's largest city, New York City, but you haven't always lived here. So can you walk us through some of that journey of coming to Brooklyn? Well, I grew up on a farm out in Oregon. I remember when my parents took us to the rescue mission in Portland, and I remember thinking, I am never going to live in a city. Never.  But when I was in Bible Institute, the Lord really opened my eyes to what is happening in the world. The growth of cities, the over half of the population of the world now live in cities. Eighty-some percent, eighty-three, I think it is, of the U.S. population live in cities. So if we're going to reach people, we have to go to where the people are. So the Lord changed my mind on that, and we've been living in cities then since 1978. Oh, wow. So for a while, how long have you lived in Brooklyn specifically? Since 86. So you came to the city with clear intent for ministry, basically. Can you outline why is that such a good opportunity? I mean, you said that's where the people are, but what makes coming to a city more effective for God's kingdom? The key question is, where does God want you to be? Because we can serve him anywhere. But we came here actually just intending to be here for a year, and to get a church planning team started, and then we would go on to a Muslim country in South Asia. But the Lord kept us here. The importance of it is that where churches are established, then they influence their communities, and cities are places of influence. They're places where people intersect, they come together. So as I look at it, we ought to go to where the people are. How are we going to reach them if we're not there? I'm going a little off-script here, but how has it been the last, we've been here a couple of decades. Do you feel that this was the right strategic decision? I do. We never intended to live here in this city that long, but the Lord has his own plans, his own sense of humor. I tell people, we had planned to come here six to 12 months, but the Lord, he didn't tell us that the six to 12 months would be at the end of 30-some years. So we've actually raised our children here. This has become home to us. We really enjoy interacting with people from so many different parts of the world. Can you kind of walk through some of that journey of how you went from coming here for a short time to being here 30-plus years? When we moved here, it was at the invitation of a Nicaraguan family that we had known from our years in Central America, and they invited us to come and help them get a church planted. So we moved here. Eventually, they washed out spiritually, which was very painful, but we knew nobody else. So we had to find ways to get to know people. That was hard. It was wintertime, and people don't like to open their doors when it's cold. They don't like to invite you in. We had to find ways to meet people. So we just started going door to door, started handing out literature in the nearby train station, and little by little we began to meet people, found people that were open to having Bible studies in their homes. We started having small group meeting in our home, and then we outgrew our home, and the rest is history.  Did you really have, well, you had some experience, I guess, in cities, but not really in Brooklyn then. When we came here, we thought, oh, all of these Hispanics here, this is just like Central America. So we felt quite at home. Two to three years down the road, we said this is not Central America, and we don't know what it is. Because it's a blend of different Hispanic communities, cultures, and when people come to the big city, the big city changes them too. So for those first two or three years, we're trying to figure out, you know, how does this thing work? I'm not sure that we still know, but at any rate, we're still here. Did you have a support group around you? There were two couples that moved with us to help start the church, and a single. After one year, one couple went back to their home. After three years, the other couple went back. But by then, there were locals that were beginning to be a part of the church. And over the years, with the development of the school here, and so on, others have come either for education or for teaching in the school or for helping in the choice books, which is located nearby as well. Bringing it back to the urban challenge, I guess you could call it, when it comes to engaging the cities around us. What biblical passages or parts of scripture would you say speak into this, and which sets some light on that? Well, the Bible begins with God placing man in a garden, so you wouldn't foresee the city component there. But then we do see that God really loved Jerusalem. He chose to put his name there. When the Israelites were exiled, he tells them in Jeremiah 29, seek the good of the city, settle down there, marry, plant, and pray for God's blessing upon the city. And that was an alien country, very brutal. But they were told to look out for the good of the city there. When you go to the New Testament, you see Jesus going about through all their towns and villages in their cities. You see him caring about Jerusalem and weeping over Jerusalem. He was crucified just outside the city gates. When the Holy Spirit came, it was on a group of believers in a city, in Jerusalem. That's where the church, the whole Christian movement began. And then you watch Paul, and you see that wherever he went, he strategically chose cities. Cities are the places where people come and go. There's trade, there's communication, there are politics, there are movements. And then the Gospel follows those networks of relationships back into the smaller towns and villages. But then it's interesting in the Bible, at the very close of the Bible, the last two chapters talk about the city. For those of us who love the country, we're all going to end up in the city. The New Jerusalem, but to comfort us, it's a garden city. So it's going to be the best of both worlds. I was alerted to this theme throughout Scripture by reading a book by Jacques Elul, who's a French theologian, and it's just simply entitled The City. And he traces that theme throughout the whole Bible. The first city was started in rebellion against God and his mandate to scatter out. But eventually, God breaks through into the city and he transforms it, and we end up in the glorified city. That's a part of Scripture that we often don't think about. No, because we're rural people. At Sadler College, our goal is to produce well-rounded students who, as the Scriptures say, can rightly handle the word of truth. To do this, we integrate discipleship with academic excellence. For our academics, we believe in implementing a rigorous and well-defined Christian core curriculum. These are classes that everyone takes regardless of your major. These classes include expository writing, oral communication, history, biology, and statistics. But in addition to that, every student will also take courses in Old Testament, New Testament, Apologetics, Biblical Greek, Biblical Hebrew, and Church History. You get those classes regardless of your major. For more information, please schedule a call with our admissions team, download a course catalog, or even better, come visit our Boston campus. So these videos and podcasts go to a very diverse audience, but mostly it would be Anabaptists living in a country setting, not in cities. What would you say to those people that are watching or listening, who don't necessarily share your vision for the cities or live in the country somewhere? Yeah, what would you say to them? Well, I would say, first of all, just remember that Christianity started in a city, in Jerusalem. Anabaptism started in a city, Zurich. And in both movements, those Christians were active in those cities until they were persecuted and hounded and harassed, and they fled to the countryside, which we've enjoyed ever since. But God calls people to live in both cities and towns and villages and countryside. It's not a matter of either or. There are different callings. And all across this country, small towns and villages are being neglected. There's a place for that. There's a good little book I discovered recently that gives a vision for small towns. It's called No Little Places, the Untapped Potential of the Small Town Church. And one of the things that encourages me is the number of among Anabaptists of young couples who are intentionally looking at small towns, small cities, for a witness there. It's not either or. It's both and. It's all. And I am concerned as well that the small towns and the countryside are being neglected. All across this country, there are churches that are being abandoned, vacated, because there's no one there to really care about that area. That's the last question I had. Is there anything else you'd like to share? We really need to care about cities because that's where people are moving. The whole world's going to town, whether it's to Walmart or wherever. And there are reasons why people move to cities, because of better health care and jobs and entertainment. So it just makes sense. If you're going to go fishing, you can't catch fish if there ain't none. You've got to go where they are. And you know God gives grace. I know that one of the big fears in our circles would be raising our children in cities. But you know God cares about cities and He cares about our children and He'll help us find creative ways to raise them there. Well, thank you very much for sharing. You're welcome. Yeah. I mean, I don't live in the city. And being here in Brooklyn, it just kind of opens my eyes like, whoa, this would be a challenge for me to come to a place like this. And that's what we want to put out there. Have people embrace that challenge. So thank you for sharing. You're welcome. Yeah. You're very welcome. And blessings in your work as well. Thank you.


Siti waka mainiwa nasiwa hema, udissaidwalkut dificis and it is not just legislations, it is also putting in place the institutions that would be created based on the legislations.


One more time I want to do a demo early dump to you I Received another malicious word document. It contains a malicious VBA micro. So let's have a look the Malicious word document is actually a fake invoice in Dutch Rechnung. I Stored it inside the password protected zip file with the password infected and only dump can read this So here you can see all the streams this stream here stream 7 contains a macro So we will have a closer look at this one Stream 14 here is the word document and then here SRPs if you find Streams with SRP VBA here In a word document or an Excel document an office document then it is an indication that the macro was Executed so that means here that the criminal who created this malicious word document has also tested his macro So let's have a look at the macro. I Select stream 7 I will decrypt Decompress the VBA macro like this here and here you can see the different automatic open functions And then this function here. So this function creates a temporary file name Then it retrieves via active document range text all the text that is inside the word document It looks for string 1 2 3 4 and then it does some processing here So let's have a look at this word document Remember that was in stream 14 Okay Yeah, and here you have the start of the content of the document So please enable macros to view this document string 1 2 3 4 and then this here You can see ampersand H and 2 hex digits and again ampersand H and 2 x digits and so on so this is actually a file that is Encoded in hexadecimal inside the text of the word document Ampersand H with followed by 2 hex digits is the way that you represent hexadecimal value in VBA So let's go back to the VBM macro So we search for 1 2 3 4 then we skip 4 bytes and then we open file a binary file and we loop Through the content of the word document We convert 4 bytes Here 4 characters To a byte so the ampersand H to hexadecimal values with C byte is Converted to a byte and then written to the file and so on so what this macro does here actually is extract the hex code From the text found in the word document and then writes it to disk and then at the end Of course it will execute the executable that was written to file now We could Here Let's go back Okay, so we can try here to decode This file this encoding to try to extract the file And you can also do this with the decoders For only them so I've written a very small decoder Here the a H Decoder I call it for ampersand H Okay, so this decoder is rather simple I Compile a regular expression ampersand H and then the hex digit and this hex digits Must appear twice So I'm searching here for this Visual basic hex digit encoding with find all I find all instances of those strings that I find inside the text and Then here with CHR and in command 16. I convert this Hex value to a byte and I join them all into a string Which I return so that is how the decoder work So let's have a look stream 14 decoder and The marty's first work document Okay, and now you can see here This is the decoded embedded file and you can see that it is an executable starts with mz This program cannot be run in those mode and then here the start of the PE header So as a final as a final check we will run this through PE check and I want to dump the file. Sorry like this. Okay So and this is the analysis by PE check for this PE file Normal entropy so we know it is not packed. This is the MD5 and Here at the end PE ID tells us that it's actually a dot net executable


The purpose of this video is to give you an introduction to compound data. Everything we've dealt with so far, inks and floats and even chars and booleans, are really just numbers or under the covers they're numbers, even char and boolean are under the covers, just numbers. They don't have any structure. If we think about things, for instance, in maths, when we think about XY coordinates, okay, what's the location on a two-dimensional plane? It's got two parts to it. It's got an X part and a Y part. We want to look at how we can represent that in processing. We can have a P vector, which corresponds to that, and we're going to do some more detail about it shortly. But briefly, we can see that it's got two parts to it. There's an X part to it, a PX and a PY. And we can do operations on it there. And here we're trying to work out the distance from the origin, which is the square root of X squared plus Y squared. Let's go into and have a bit more detail of what P vectors are actually about. So, as I say, with compound data, we don't just have a single number. We've got parts and the parts have names. So here with the P vector, we've got an X and a Y. There are other ways of doing this too. Examples where you can have different names for parts, depending on what your actual object is in the first place. We need to set aside memory for these things because it's not just a single number anymore. Like a P vector is two numbers. Let's look in detail a P vector. How do we say we want to create a P vector? We know if we want to set up an integer variable. We just say int X and that would be declaring X. Well here we say P vector P and that's just declaring P to be of type P vector. Before we can actually do anything useful with P, we need to allocate some memory to it. And here we have an example. And we see this keyword here, new. We'll see this again a bit later. New is asking for some memory for our data. In this case we're asking for memory for a P vector. And we're initializing this P vector with these two values here 3 and 4 which correspond to the X part and the Y part. So now we have our variable P. It's a valid P vector. And now we can do something with it. And also we can collapse these two lines into just a single line. Just like when we declare a variable, we can say int X, semicolon, and the next line we can say X equals 7. We could just combine that into a single line and we just say int X equals 7. And the same thing here, we can just combine these two lines into a single line if that's appropriate for our program. What happens in memory? Well we used to, if we have a variable say Z, we can say okay, there was a little box in memory that holds the value of an integer variable Z. But now when we've got compound data, we have a block of data somewhere that holds our compound data. So here we've got a P vector and the X part of it has value 3 and the Y part has value 4. So this is a chunk of memory here.  And inside its memory location is a reference to our block of data over here that holds the actual P vector. And we'll see this is an important distinction to make later. The P vector is not all squeezed inside P because there's no room to fit it in there. P just holds a single value which is a reference to this chunk of memory. You can think of it as an address in memory. It's essentially something like that. So let's have a look at a P vector example. Let's think about the example of an ellipse that falls down the screen. So we've got a 400 by 400 window. Let's create a P vector here. So I'm creating a P vector P and I'm going to initialize it to a particular value. So I want to start my P vector so that it's at the top of the window. So it's about halfway across and top. So x, y, 200, 0. And now I need to use the P vector down here just like if I was having variables x and y to represent where the ellipse is I'd need to be doing something with them. So down here I need to access the x part of the P vector. So P vector. And now the notation that we use is we put a dot. Dot sort of says get me this part. So P dot x says get me the x part of P. So at the moment the x part of P would be the value 200. And then the y part. You can put that in as well. So we can just run this at the moment just to see what it looks like. And we see it's not very exciting. It's not going anywhere. We need to add some animation. So we know how to do that. We want the y coordinate to increase. So we've got a P vector here. The y coordinate is the second part, the y part. So let's reference the y part. So there we go. P dot y, that's the y part. And although it looks messy P dot y, just think of it as a single variable. I can do things to it just like I would with any variable that we've been used up to now. And what I'd like you to do is just add one to it. Well, we know how to short hand way to add one to something. Let's go plus, plus, plus, right? Maybe we don't like the space there. P dot y, plus, plus. Let's just go in to increase that. So now we run this. There we go. Down the screen.  Okay. So let's try to make this a little bit more interesting. We want to click the mouse on our window here and have the circle start from that position again. So we need to put something down in mouse pressed for that. So I could say down here P dot x equals mouse x and P dot y equals mouse y. And that means every time I click I'm effectively resetting the center of the circle, which is given by our P vector P. I'm resetting that to be wherever the mouse is and then it'll just start falling down from there. So let's run it and see how it goes. There it goes. So I click somewhere and it just falls down from there. Okay. So that's all very straightforward. We could do this another way here. Let's just comment this out for the moment. I could say, oh well, I don't like the current value I've got for P. I can give it a new value. So I can just say P equals new P vector. And I know what value is I want to give it. I want to give it mouse x and mouse y for the two parts. So just like I initialized it up here to 200, 0, I can just initialize it here to mouse x, mouse y, and it's just going to have the same effect as before. Again, I can just click around and that works. Okay. So let's go back to the presentation here. So with P vector we had a compound data object there that had named parts. Now we want to look into another sort of compound object and array. So what's this about? So we wanted to have instead of one circle going down the screen, we wanted to have lots and lots of them. Well, then I could start writing things like this, P vector, ball 1, ball 2, ball 3, and there we go, 100 of them. Well, that's all pretty tedious to write all that. And it's also pretty tedious to write all the code to update, to draw everything and update everything. So how do we get around this? So this is the motivation for having an array. Whereas P vector had named parts, an x-part and a y-part. An array has numbered parts. So here we've got a drawing corresponding to an array with seven boxes, seven slots in it. And these slots are numbered, in this case, from zero up to six. And we always start from zero when we're numbering things for an array. So when we use a P vector, that's just good for holding numbers. An array, excuse me, an array is much more flexible than that. We can say what type of data the array is going to hold. For instance, an integer. And that applies to everything in the array. You can't have some parts of the array holding ints and other parts holding floats. Excuse me. It applies to the whole array. And we can also say how big we want the array to be. How many boxes, how many elements are in the array. So here we go declaring an array. So square brackets is used all over the place when we do stuff with arrays. When we want to declare a variable to say that it's an array of integers. So here's our variable name, DaymaxTemps. And here's int to say what the things are in the array. And the square brackets, that's what says hey, I'm an array. So int bracket bracket says this variable is an integer array. Now we need to set aside some memory for the array. And again, we use the keyword new to get some memory. And we've got a different way of saying it here. Array's got a different syntax to P vector. So we say and it's motivated by the why we declare the array here with the int with the square brackets. Now when we want to allocate some specific memory for it. Again, we set the int. But now we put a number in here to say how many elements we want our array to have. So let's say we want something for each day of the week. We've got seven days. So we've got an array of seven integers perhaps to hold the maximum temperatures for each day of the week. And just like we saw with the P vector, we can collapse that down instead of having two lines. We can just do it in a single line if we want to. And there we go. We declare our variable to be an array of integers and we allocate memory to it all in one go. And then how do we get to the parts of the array? Well, we saw with the P vector, we use that dot x and dot y notation. An array has a different type of notation. It uses square brackets again. And so we say the name of the array. Excuse me. And then we give square brackets and then we say which box we're looking at in the array. Remember we're counting from zero. So we're going 0123. It's that box we're looking at. And so this would just put 22 into box number three in the array. The next line we're saying get whatever values in box number two in the array. Add seven to it and put it into box number five. Basically, once we've got an array name and we've got square brackets and a number after it, then we can just treat these like we used to treat ordinary variables like we just got a variable x. We can just do things like x equals 22 x equals y plus seven. I mean these are just the array equivalents to that. We're just dealing with individual elements of arrays. The individual elements of arrays act just like the integer variables we're used to dealing with. How do we put numbers into array? Well, there are lots of ways you can do this. One way is to just do a whole lot of assignment statements here. We're just putting 19 into the position zero in the array, 23 into position one all the way down to 31 into position six. Remember here, our array is of length seven, but that means these numbers here, we call this the index into the array, the index range goes from zero up to six. That's zero up to six is in fact seven numbers, corresponding to the seven we've got up the top here. If we're going to initialize an array, just the whole set of numbers at the beginning, there's a shorthand way of doing this. On the line where we declare the array, and we just put the numbers in curly brackets, and that's as you can see much, much simpler than this previous slide here. The memory diagram is not hugely different to what we saw with the p vector. Again, we've got our array variable p, and here, I'm just drawing it so it's very analogous to the p vector one, I've even got the same name for the variable here. We've got a variable p, and it's got a reference to where the memory is that holds the arrays. The array, you can see it's seven numbers in memory, they're all together, and it's got these seven integers inside it there. And these numbers on the outside here, and they're not part of the memory, that's just for us humans to read, the idea, I mean, the computer knows how to get to a particular number, like if it wants to get to, for instance, the four element of the array, then it knows to just add four to, effectively, where the first box is, it'll get to the fourth box. So that's how it does it, it doesn't have these numbers written in memory, all that's in memory of the actual contents of the array elements there. We want to often know how long an array is, let me show if we've just created it, we can just see what it is, but often in your program, you're in a different place there and you don't know how long the array is. So here, similarly to the p-vector thing, we use a dot here, so the array name, dot length, tells us the length of the array. So this one, it would give us the value seven. And the big thing we do with arrays is we generally write loops, because you don't want to go through and deal with things individually, just like the balls we had at the beginning, you don't want to have to deal with each ball separately, you don't have to deal with each array element separately, so you want to have a loop to go through it. And this is very much, this first line is very much the standard sort of loop that you'd write to go through an array. Start off at zero, because we saw that array indexing starts at zero, and you'll notice here that we've got i, so i's going up by one at a time, and i less than the length. So think about this array we set up, it's got length seven, but i should just go through the range nought one, two, three, four, five, six, because as you saw back here, they're the valid index numbers there, nought up to six. Seven's the length, but i never takes the value seven, because there isn't a number seven box in that array. And then here if we want to just print out all the numbers, we'll see i goes through the values nought to six, and what we do down here, so for each value of i we print this, so initially we'll print daymax temps zero, we'll get the first number coming out, then daymax temps one, we'll get printed out, then daymax temps two, etc. So we'll just see the numbers nineteen, twenty-three, twenty-six, twenty-two, twenty-nine, thirty-three and thirty-one getting printed out. And something just a little bit more complicated if we wanted to add up all the numbers in that array, there's a fairly standard sort of thing that you do with arrays, you have another variable, a helper variable, that keeps track, it's like a partial sum, starts off at zero, and then as you go around this loop, we're doing the same loop here, this first line of the loop is exactly the same as on the previous slide, but what are we doing? When we visit each element in the array, we're just adding it into the sum. So that means initially sum is zero, and we start the loop, i is zero, so daymax temps zero is nineteen, if I remember correctly, and so sum now becomes nineteen, and then we go to, i gets bumped up to one, and then, I can't remember what the number was, what is it, it's twenty-three. So then daymax temps one is twenty-three, so twenty-three gets added to sum, so we've got twenty-three plus nineteen, which is forty-two, sum is forty-two. And then we get to the next i value, when i is two, and that'll get added to the sum. So basically this is just adding each of those numbers, nineteen, twenty-three, twenty-six to sum. When the loop is finished, sum will be in fact the total of all those numbers in the array. And then if you wanted to get the average, then you could just take the sum divided by the length of the array, and you've got the average.


He survived last time. No way Joseph is gonna not attack him like crazy this time. And the first ball of the over right at the stump freezes Hazelwood and the West Indies beat Australia for the first time, I think in 27 years in Australia. And this young dude from Guyana is a star. Like a star was born. I mean, you didn't even need the broken toe drama and it would have been an amazing performance. You don't even need him to be a rookie who's never played before. It could be the best player ever. And if they put up the numbers this kid put up, it would still be a celebrated moment. And look at that ball.  I'm all excited and twisted up, but it's perfect. That's what I'm trying to say. In baseball, you would say he dotted the corner and that's what he did to the wicket there.


Matu Tipila, in my experience, in the entire North American continent, at least in United States and Canada, I would say, is probably the one most powerful space that you can see in this part of the world. It has a dimension. See, in the yogic dimension, we look at it as human body, the energetic body of the human being is like the cosmos. It has 114, you know, energy points of these two are outside the physical structure, rest are inside. So these 112 are made into seven categories which are generally in America known as seven chakras and things like that. Of these seven, there is one in the throat region which is called as Vishuddhi. I would say for 99% of the people, this Vishuddhi remains in the seed form, it never sprouts because it is a power center. If you know something about Indian culture, the first yogi in India was called Adiyogi which means the first yogi. Actually we have erected a 112 feet tall face which is the largest face on the planet actually. I don't know if you've seen that, you can see that image in the other thing, it's a 112 feet tall bust. Because he is the first yogi to honor him because he gave us the technologies for well-being, how to handle human well-being from within. So in this, he's also called a person who is powerful in his throat and his throat is blue and there's a snake around his throat, all this imagery. Why this is so is, this dimension we called Vishuddhi is one dimension which in either throat center needs maximum amount of skill and capability to evolve. What I saw, I was there on the full moon night in Matoti Pila. It was explosive dimension of Vishuddhi or the throat center. Anybody who has done any kind of a little bit of search with that energy around would naturally become an exploration of mysticism is very natural. Because this culture, the Native American culture has not written down anything, everything is oral culture. Now if one person has realized something, unless he finds another person in the next generation to pass it on, it kind of gets lost. Which is also a good thing in a certain way because a written down distortions will happen. But when the, when the entire culture went through an upheaval for generations of people, probably eight to maybe ten to twenty generations went through a whole upheaval, that culture could have been broken.  Especially on the full moon night, I'm telling you, you will realize something, something tremendously powerful. Anybody who realizes or opens up the throat center, their ability to connect with life. I'm saying when I say connect with life, you can touch beyond your physical reach, literally touch. So this dimension of life is very, very rare. There are various centers in the world which activates different dimensions, but the throat center being this powerful is hardly two, three places in the entire globe, I'm telling you. I was just amazed. The way it is reverberating with this dimension of life is just absolutely amazing. I do not know how it has happened. Nature has done it. In India we create our own structures. You know, we create consecrated structures to reverberate this kind of energy. But what we make is of small proportions. But here it is standing in such a magnificent form. And this in many ways, I've spoken in detail about this, I don't want to go into the detail. This in many ways, whether tribes were from the plains or from the mountains, from the coast, wherever they were, this has influenced the entire culture in a huge way because when I hear the Native American voices, what I see, see, I have no scripture in my head, I don't have any bookish knowledge or religious knowledge.  One thing that I see with the voices, the way they're going about is, they're expressing their voices along with the geometry of the land. When you produce a sound which is in sync with the form that you see, then we say this is a mantra because now the combination of sound and form are working together and suddenly it becomes an explosive force. So, when I see the Native American music and the terrain that they were looking at and making these sounds, not always words, just sounds, because sound is important. Words are made up in our minds. Sound is real, sound is a reverb and sound has a geometry of its own. If you utter the right kind of sounds, it will touch the forms, it will embrace the forms. In this, there is tremendous power. This is where I see the entire Native American spiritual process is rooted. Whether people have physically been there or not, it doesn't matter because even without physically being there, you can connect with it. If you connect with the land, you can connect with this dimension and if you connect the land and the sound, you will definitely connect with this matu tipila because this is not a physical thing. There's an energetic dimension to that. See, we are… we have a physical body but without the life energy, what is this physical body? It's just rot, all right? So, what is a stone?  Here, there's an energetic body expressing this dimension of the throat center in the human system in an extremely powerful way, which is, I've never seen a place like that in my life. I've traveled literally everywhere, I'm telling you. So, that's been one of the most profound things. And Cahokia also was a great thing for us to see because we discovered certain things that… what they have done there and some things that have gone right, some things that went wrong there, that's a different aspect but this matu tipila is a must for every indigenous person, it's a must. Whether they go there physically or otherwise, they must connect with this. This is where the power is. The basis of your culture in some way energetically is here and with connecting with that could also be the liberation for the future.