Welcome, Weirdos! I'm Darren Marlar, and this is Retro Radio Sunday on Weird Darkness. Each week I bring you a show from the Golden Age of Radio, but still in the genre of Weird Darkness. I'll have stories of the macabre and horror, mysteries and crime, and even some dark science fiction. If you're new here, welcome to the show and be sure to subscribe or follow the podcast so you don't miss future episodes. And if you're already a member of this Weirdo family, please take a moment and invite someone else to listen in with you. Spreading the word about the show helps it to grow. If you're here because you are already a fan of nostalgic audio and print, you'll want to email WeirdDarkness at RadioArchives.com. When you do that, you'll get an instant reply with links to download full-length Pulp audiobooks, Pulp eBooks and old-time radio shows for free. That's Weird Darkness at RadioArchives.com. Coming up, it's an episode from Mollay Mystery Theater. From the day it debuted on NBC in 1943, Mollay Mystery Theater intended to bring listeners the best produced mystery programs possible. Until the show moved to CBS in 1948, it succeeded in doing just that. Combining quality adaptations of mysteries by both classic and modern authors with the top radio talent at the time and high-end production values, Mollay Mystery Theater produced suspenseful thrillers that today still put listeners on the edge of their seats. Mollay Mystery Theater was sponsored by Sterling Drugs, the makers of Mollay shaving cream. Although the name would change in later incarnations of the show, the best-remembered episodes were aired under that title from 1943 to 1948. Tapping some of the best talent available, Mollay Mystery Theater featured Richard Widmark, Frank Lovejoy, Anna Seymour and others. Whether it was a classic mystery tale or one penned by an author of the time, each episode was a tangle of twists and turns, usually wrapping up suddenly with a shocking ending. Every indication is that the creators of this program intended to not only make the best possible mystery anthology on the air, but also to make it unique. To this end, Mollay Mystery Theater didn't simply have a host or narrator like most shows of its kind. Jeffrey Barnes, played to low-key perfection by Bernard Lenro, was the program's annotator. While narrators simply helped move the story along, Barnes' purpose was to assist the listener in working through the mystery of each episode in understanding the finer points of whatever foul deed and investigation took place. Tonight we present Mollay Mystery Theater's broadcast entitled Red Wine, originally aired the evening of March 8, 1946. Red Wine is the story of a member of the San Francisco Police Department on the trail of a murderer. It has led him to Brazil, the Amazon jungle and four men working on a rubber plantation there. The hard-won clues have led him to four men sitting around a table in a room playing cards, gambling. He is sure one of them is his killer, but one of the methods he was sure would expose the killer has failed and he finds himself back at square one. Or does it?  And now the Mollay Mystery Theater, presented by M-O-L-L-E. Mollay, the heavier, brushless shaving cream for heavy beards. Good evening. This is Jeffrey Barnes, welcoming you to the program that presents the best in detective and mystery fiction. Tonight we have selected for you a masterful story of suspense entitled Red Wine, in Red Wine we have an unusual thing. It's a mystery story that stood a good chance of being completely lost to mystery fans. It was published more than 15 years ago and to the best of my knowledge has never been republished in any mystery anthology. And so it is with great pleasure that we now present LG Blockman's Red Wine. It's an extraordinary story and one that certainly does not deserve to be forgotten. Before you begin your story, Mr. Barnes, here's something it will pay the men in our audience not to forget.  Yes, sir, man, it's smooth, so smooth. It's slick, so slick. It's a smooth, smooth, slick, slick shave you get with M-O-L-L-E. Mollay, the heavier, brushless cream for tender skins. That's right, Mollay is a heavier cream, the kind of cream you need if you have a wiry, hard to cut beard or a tender skin. Because Mollay is heavier, it softens your whiskers, holds them up straighter, and makes them easy to cut. So you shave faster, closer, easier, and you shave painlessly with Mollay, the heavier, brushless cream for tender skins. Mollay. And now here is Jeffrey Barnes with tonight's Mollay mystery, red wine. This happened at Bohar Plantation down in the valley of the Amazon, and the men who grow rubber in the jungle will vouch for the story, and they tell it nights in the bars of Maracas. And they say that it had to do with three who were hunted, and the fourth the hunter, for in all they say, and the bitter ending in a bottle of red wine. Four sit at the table, no sound as the dealer fix the cards. The lamp shines wirily on the set faces. The dealer's eyes move slowly, watching each man. Joe Best, hard, heavy-lipped, sensual. I open for two bucks. Dick Halop, easy, full-muscled, sometimes smiling. I'll bump that three. William Carr, quiet, quick, handy with a knife. All right along. The dealer's eyes move slowly, watching each man. Inside the stifling room, the never-ceasing smell of coagulating rubber from the mill, of the dull, wet heat of the jungle. Cards, gentlemen. The dealer spoke. Boyd Trasker, the dealer. I'll take two. Joe Best takes two cards. And now the fifth man in the room, Don Hernando Vaca, gets up from his chair in the far corner and comes close to the table. Uh, is permitted to watch, senor? Thank you. Cards, Halop. Three cards. Carr, one card. Dealer's stands, Pat. Well, Best, you open. Opener checks a bit. Halop, check. Carr, check. I'll bet 50 bucks. I have it all I can stand in this cat and mouse stuff. What do you mean?  You're not watching the game at all. You're watching us. You heard what I said, Trasker. I heard you, Best. What are you here for, Trasker? Yeah, Trasker, you said you were a stockholder in Bohar Rubber, Bohar's privately owned. There are no stockholders. Somebody was snooping around my bunk this morning. What are you here for, Trasker? Somebody went to my footlocker two days ago. I'm warning you, Trasker. You better go back where you came from.  Ah, gentlemen, gentlemen. We don't like you either, Vaca. Easy, Halop. Easy for what, a native flight cop? So he's Don Hernando Vaca. So he's police chief of Maracas. So what? So we're American citizens, all three of us. What are you here for, Trasker? Maybe we can help you find what you're looking for, Trasker. Maybe you can, Carb. I'm looking for a murderer named Jerome Steak. Jerome Steak. So? Yeah. Jerome Steak wanted in San Francisco for the murder of his wife, known to have escaped to Brazil. Brazil's a big place, Trasker. Also known to have paddled down the Amazon Valley to Bohar rubber plantation. Appearance, of course, will be altered. Dark hair probably bleached blond now. I'm blond, Trasker. See? All three of you are. That is what I told the senior Trasker when he first came to my office in Maracas. I said, all three men are blond, senor. I said... Go on, Trasker. Jerome Steak is an American. Quite cultured, very well-read, kind of serve wine. Fond of horse racing, women, good clothes. Also a heavy gambler. So that's why you arranged this poker game to see how we bet. Jerome Steak is also very clever. He's a good actor. He's capable of concealing his breeding, of passing himself off as a ship's engineer, say, or a stevedor. Field hand. I'm a ship's engineer. You want to see my papers? I don't want anything, Halop, except... Except what? Except... To admit, I've made a mistake. Okay. Yeah, that's better. Don Hernando, I apologize. I should have listened to you. I told you it was a wild goose chase. I had to see for myself. Well, have you? Yes, it's quite obvious that none of you is Jerome Steak. So when the launch comes up the river again, I'll take it and return to the United States. The launch won't be here for a week. That's unfortunate best. You'll have to put up with me until then. Awake is a long time, Trasker. Four guys could get on each other's nerves in a week. Well, I have to take a chance on that car. My nerves are pretty good. Yes, it's your best trunk of the right. Must be something here. To the love... Oh, Don Hernando, I didn't hear your wife... Your nerves, Senor Trasker? Don't be foolish. I would not blame you, my friend, coming here to the bunkhouse and snooping. This is an unwise thing you do. If that Joe best saw you going through his trunk, Senor Trasker, please, come away from here. I have heard them in talk. I am responsible for your safety. You're a good guy, Hernando. Relax. Please, I have heard the talk. These are dangerous men. You know what I'm going to do when I get home, Hernando? I'm going to make you an honorary member of the San Francisco Police. Ah, Don Hernando Vaca, San Francisco Police. That is nice. An honorary member for helping us catch Jerome Steeck. Steeck, Santa Maria, why you keep mentioning his name? You already said you have made a mistake that you do not believe any of these men could be... I said that for a reason, Hernando. One of them is Steeck. Come here. Now, if you were a fieldhand on a rubber plantation, would you be reading the poems of Charles Algernon Swinburne? Senor, I do not understand. Maybe I do. Senor Best. What's the matter with reading Swinburne, Trasker? Nothing at all, Best. It's just a little unusual. Jerome Steeck is the sort of a man who might read love poems. Joe Best wouldn't. He might. And he might not. I put that book back in my trunk, Trasker. Close the trunk and get out of here before I... Joe Best was known to have a severe temper. Why, you... No, no, no, Senor Best. He would not be good to resort to violence. After all, there is a law in Maraca's district. I am only its humble means... Okay, okay, okay. Put the gun down. But I'm telling you, Trasker, you're poking your nose into trouble. A car seems to have enough bottles hanging around here. Looking for something, Mr. Trasker? What? Oh, hello, car. I cut myself. I was told there was some proxide in this first aid cabinet. Funny they told you to come all the way down to my shack for proxide. Is it? I think so. They have iodine up at the main office. Is that so? Yeah. Iodine's much better for cuts, particularly little scratches like that. Thanks, car. I'll remember that. I would if I were you, Trasker. You can't be too careful. That's right. Especially when your bottle-labeled machine oil contains proxide. My fool, people. Really? Nothing important. I was just thinking proxide is bad for the hair. Tends to bleach it. Does it really? That's what they say. Trasker, you lied to us the other day. That apology of yours was a stall.  Could be car. I've got five days to find out. Yeah, Trasker, you've got five days if you live that long. As the curtain falls on Act One of our story, it looks as though Boyd Trasker's in for plenty of trouble and very shortly. The chances are Mr. Trasker would much rather be back in San Francisco right now than risking his life in the Brazilian jungle. Well, Mr. Barnes, I don't know about Mr. Trasker, but I do know this.  Well, almost. You see, many a man has a wiry hard to cut beard or a tender skin, and shaving can really be painful, and yet it needn't be. Not if they shave with Molle brushless shaving cream, the heavier cream for tender skins. Yes, Molle is a heavier cream. The cream that softens your whiskers sets them up straighter and lets your razor sweep right through them. With Molle, you shave faster, closer, easier, and you shave painlessly. Try it and see if you don't say, it's smooth, so smooth, it's slick, so slick. It's a smooth, smooth, slick, slick shave you get with M-O-M-L-E. Molle, the heavier brushless cream for tender skins. Molle. And now back to Jeffrey Barnes and act two of the Molle mystery, Red Wine. Trasker, San Francisco detective, is on a rubber plantation in the jungles of the Amazon looking for a murderer named Jerome Steak. He is convinced that one of the Americans there is the murderer. When he challenges the three men, each denies he is Jerome Steak. The search becomes a hunt. One man hunting, three hunted. Joe Best, William Carr, Dick Halop, the hunted. Boyd Trasker, the hunter. But as the hours of the week slip by, the tension grows tighter, the hostility comes out in the open and the tables are turned. The hunter becomes the hunted. Then one afternoon the four go off into the jungle to shoot wild pigs. Say no, Trasker. Say no, Trasker. You are all right. Why did you come from Hernando? You, you are all right. I told you not to worry about me. I could not help it. I had to come. When I heard you, I agreed to go pick hunting with those men. I can take care of myself. But such unnecessary risks in this jungle, anything. What could you want me to do?  But it would be so easy. A hunting accident. Pin. Everybody is so sorry, and you are dead. Yes, I'm expecting it any minute. What? The hunting accident. One of those men out there on a brush's stick. I feel certain of it. He already has one murder to his credit. Now I'm going to find out if he has nerve enough to try a second. Say no, Trasker. See that little rise of ground ahead? See. They gave me that as my post when a pig is sighted. A car is somewhere to the left. Best is over there to the right by that clump of trees. And Halup is behind us. Now when- Please do not go to your post, say no, Trasker. I don't intend to. Huh? But my son helmet is going. My son helmet will show just above the bushes in the spot where I'm supposed to be. Oh, wait, wait. I'm coming with you. Hey, Trasker! Please, say no, Trasker. Please, Fernando, and stay down. This is your post right here. Yes. Trasker, please! Here goes. Say no. Boy, Trasker's helmet showing just above the bushes. You know one would, Trasker's helmet, gentlemen. Is Jerome's stick watching? This will prove nothing. You'll see. I'll watch. Santa Maria! Yeah. Didn't take them long, did it? Clean through the helmet. Mother of heaven. Clean through the helmet. And a direction indicated clear as a weather vane. It came from behind us. Behind? Señor Halup is behind. Halup was behind us, but car and best could have dropped back. It could have been any one of them. But it was one of them. What do you say now, Don, Fernando? What do I say now? I say you are right, senor. One of these three men is the murderer. Jerome's stick. That was the first attempt on board Trasker's life.  Señor, Señor Trasker, Señor Trasker. I'm all right, Fernando. Luckily for me, I've traveled in Java. I know the setup of a melee man catcher when I see one. My house boy wasn't so fortunate. Oh, poor Manuel. Those bamboo stakes pierced right through. But how could... How could a melee man catcher suddenly appear outside my shack? Jerome's stick lived many years in Java. He could answer that. That was attempt number two on Trasker's life. And then that night, attempt number three. Fernando, this way, quick! See, what has happened? Mother of heaven, a bush master. Yeah, it was curled up between my bedsheets. I got it just in time. If I hadn't been on a lookout for something... It'd be a snake in all the world. Yes, another quaint device of our friend Jerome's stick. The hunter has become the hunted and both are working against time. One day left. Senor, I cannot stand much more of this. You won't have to, Fernando. It has been Steak's life of mine. Now it's going to be Steak's. You are sure the river won't arrive tomorrow? I know, but I still haven't played my trump card. Your trump? Yes, Fernando. In North America, we call it our ace in the hole. I'm not going here, Trasker. This is a private part. I don't expect to stay, best. Good. Amen. I came to extend an invitation. Yeah. How far you'll get with any of your invitations, Trasker? Will you listen or not? If it'll help get you out of here any faster, go ahead. Spill it. Tomorrow I am leaving Bohar for good. To the boat. To the boat. But I'd like to leave with no hard feelings if you let me. Boys, I want to throw a party for you. We're having a party. A real party on board the steamer before I sail. I know the skipper of the Salvador and the skipper knows food. He has a top-notch wine cellar board. Specializes in chateau malerve. He also has a fine Chinese cook.  Ah, to devil with you and your partner. Now, wait a minute, fellas. Wait a minute. We don't like Trasker, and we've made no bones about it. But I think we should take him up on this offer. After all, good food and wine don't turn up around here every day.  Thanks, Halif. And you, Carm? Uh, it's okay with Halif. It's okay with me. That leaves you best. Well, I wouldn't like any, but Trasker would count me in. Thank you, gentlemen. You'll come on the launch with me. No, we'll paddle down the river ourselves. Would you like? Well, good night. I'll see you on the steamer tomorrow. If I have an idea, it'll be a party you'll never forget. This is Jeffrey Barnes again. In just a moment, we'll return you to Act 3 of Red Wine. Don't let specs of dandruff on your coder collar embarrass you. Do what thousands are doing for relief from this social and business handicap. Use double dandering. You'll quickly discover the double dandering is unlike so many hair preparations available today. Preparations that really do no more to fight a common type of dandruff than plain water does. That is, they simply remove loose dandruff. Double dandering, you see, actually combats this dandruff by killing on contact the germs that many outstanding authorities contend are cause. I repeat, it actually kills them on contact. Now, the amazing effectiveness of double dandering is due to a special ingredient called alzan, an active antiseptic so remarkably efficient that many hospitals use it. And among hair preparations, double dandering and double dandering alone has it. So try double dandering and see if you don't agree that most ordinary hair preparations can't compare with its dandruff combating effectiveness. If you're not satisfied, return the empty bottle and get your money back. Buy double dandering at your drugsts. All right, Mr. Taska. Flight sims ready? Our students aren't toast ready. Everything ready. You taste? No, yank. Everything smells perfect. That's proof enough for me. You agree, Don Orlando? See, see, as the Chinese say, oh, yank is number one cook. My guests have arrived. They are waiting in the ship's salon. Let's go then. Everything is all ready.  See, I will bring them. I will remember. He's all planned. Good. Now, Don Orlando, I am ready for my ace in the hole. Yes. I told you before, Jerome Steak is a connoisseur of good food and rare wine. Now, this little bottle of Chateau Maler will be his finish. This little bottle? It will. As surely as he meant his melee mancatcher to finish me. A midway through the dinner, I'll rise and call for silence. Gentlemen, I'll say, in a moment I'll open this rare vintage wine. I'd be pleased if all of you will join me in a farewell drink. She left the place. I was standing out there. You're having a good time, boys. Fine. Good. I may have your attention for just a moment. Gentlemen, please. Gentlemen, in a moment I'll open this rare vintage wine. I'll be pleased if all of you will join me in a farewell drink. Why not? Pour it out. Ah. Mine's will go the limit. This wine is Chateau Maler, 1911. Pour it out. Never mind the buildup. Ah, the vineyards produce real nectar that year. Ah, let's drink and not talk. Oh. Okay, best. Here she comes. Mmm. Okay. I'll pass the bottle around, just have a whiff of it. Here, best. Smell it. Mmm. Mmm. Smells okay. Here, here. Take a sniff. Make the man happy. Ah. Let's grasp it for a drink or something. As you say. Your glasses, gentlemen. Now we're getting somewhere. Pass them down, Jess. All right. It's precious stuff. You'll taste no other like it. Glass for your best. One for Dick Hallop. And one for William Carr. Well, let's hope it tastes as good as you've tried to make it sound. It will, Hallop. I assure you. Ah, Don Hennando. Ah. Don Hennando. What's he doing here? He was with me in the launch. Don Hennando. Oh. Coming, cellulite rascal. Coming. We have the ice pail. See? Right here. Ice pail. Yes, Hallop. Look, are we going to drink this wine or not? We're going to drink it, Carr. We just remove the cover from the pail and drop a cube of ice into each glass. It'll add to the refreshment. All right. That's all right. That's not so bad. One cube for Joe Best. I can't wait to have it. One cube for Dick Hallop. That's a nice party. And one cube for William Carr. Hey, hey. You're not going to put ice in my chateau, my lord. Hey, what's the matter, Carr? Why not, Carr? Well, any fool knows it. Yes, Carr? Well, I mean, everyone knows that Chateau Mela is drunk at room temperature. Everyone does. I don't think so, Carr. I think that is something only Jerome Steeke would know. William Carr, or if you prefer Jerome Steeke, I arrest you for the murder of your wife. William Carr was arrested. But Joe Best and Dick Hallop are freed. The next morning, Best and Hallop push their canoe into the river and start paddling upstream toward home. Two of you are at liberty to return up river to four.   Quiet, Billy Carr. Who'd have thought it could be our friend? Billy Carr. Yeah. Nice guy, all the same. You know, Best, when you come to think of it, that was pretty darn clever, Trasky. He figured only a guy who really knew his liquor would walk and have an ice put in his wine. Hmm. He sure enough trapped Bill with those cubes in the Chateau Mela in 1911. Pretty clever, I'd say. Maybe. And maybe not so. What do you mean? Not so clever. Any wine merchant could tell you, Hallop, there was no Chateau Mela in 1911. It was a bad year. The vineyards didn't bottle. Yes, that's... Hey, Best, wait a minute. Only one man around these parts had no a thing like that. Jerome Steak. That's right. Oh, keep right on paddling, Hallop. And don't turn around. You might be sorry. You, uh...  I suppose so, yes.  I can hardly allow you to return to Polaro with that knowledge. I'd be embarrassed. Yeah. You'll be even more embarrassed when you try to shoot that revolver. I emptied the chambers this morning. What? You see, Best, Trasky and I have been trying to find you for months. We narrowed it down to you and Carr, but we were stymied from there. We had to hear it from your own mouth. We chose this way, counting on your ego. I wouldn't try anything, Joe. The chambers in this gun are quite well loaded. I see. Shall we be getting back to the Salvador? Trasky will be waiting. I guess so. We can finish the bottle, if you like. Okay, Alep. I always was a sucker for red wine. Now, this is Jeffrey Barnes again, inviting you to be with us next week when we present a comedy mystery by Joseph Ruskell, entitled The Case of the Missing Mind. You'll meet a delightful little Broadway wise guy named Kenny, who has one of the most mad, exciting, hilarious experiences in the world. When he meets a strange mystic named Aladdin. So join us next week to meet two wonderful characters in The Case of the Missing Mind. The original music for the Molle Mystery Theater is composed and conducted by Alexander Semmler. Red wine was written by L.G. Blotman and adapted for radio by Louis Palatier and Jacques Finck. Kenneth Lynch was featured in tonight's program. This is Dan Seymour saying goodnight until next Friday when the Mystery Theater presents The Case of the Missing Mind. Tonight's Mystery Theater presentation came to you from New York's Radio City. This is NBC, the national broadcasting company. Thanks for listening to this week's Retro Radio Sunday episode of Weird Darkness. If you haven't done so yet, be sure to subscribe or follow the podcast so you don't miss future episodes. And if you like the show, please share it with someone you know who also loves old-time radio and pulp audio. If you want to hear even more, drop an email to WeirdDarkness at RadioArchives.com and get an instant reply with links to download full-length pulp audiobooks, pulp e-books and old-time radio shows absolutely for you. That's WeirdDarkness at RadioArchives.com. Weird Darkness is a production and trademark of Marlar House Productions. Copyright, Weird Darkness 2023. I'm Darren Marlar and I'll see you next week for Weird Darkness' Retro Radio Sunday.


Hello friends and how are you all today? My name is Priyanka and I shall be helping you with the following question It says integrate the following rational functions. Now here the function which we need to integrate is 1 upon x plus 1 multiplied by x plus 2 now if we want to evaluate The integral of the function which is a proper rational function It's always possible to write the integrant as a sum of simpler rational functions by a method called partial fraction decomposition so we have the key idea towards this question as integration by partial fractions Now here We can write a proper rational function px plus q divided by x plus a into x plus b as The sum of simpler rational fractions that is a upon x plus a Plus b upon x plus b Right and in this the integration can be carried out easily by the already known methods and also Here we consider for integration purpose Only those denominators which can be factored into linear or quadratic factors Right, so this is the key idea of the question Proceeding on with the solution now here in this question We are given the rational function as x plus 1 into x plus 2 and we will take it equal to a upon x plus 1 plus b upon x plus 2 now taking LCM we have 1 over x plus 1 into x plus 2 is equal to a into x plus 2 Plus b into x plus 1 Divided by the LCM that was x plus 1 into x plus 2 right, so For this we can have 1 is equal to a x plus 2 plus b x plus 1 now we need to compare various terms like coefficients of power of x Constant to form linear equation Solving which we will get the values of a and b now comparing the coefficients of x on both the sides we have we have a plus b Equals to 0 Which implies the value of a is equal to minus b right and Comparing the constant terms on both sides We have a Plus b Equal to 1 now on substituting The value of a is equal to minus b in here We have to multiply by a which we have taken as minus b Plus b is equal to 1 which gives us Minus 2b plus b is equal to 1 which further implies minus b is equal to 1 and The value of b is equal to 1 now if the value of b is equal to is equal to Minus 1 Then we can say that the value of a is equal to a positive 1 right now on substituting the values of a and b we get 1 over x plus 1 into x plus 2 is equal to a Upon x plus 1 the value of a is 1 Minus 1 upon x plus 2 since the value of b was minus 1 therefore integrating both sides we get 1 over x plus 1 Into x plus 2 dx is equal to integral x plus 1 minus 1 over x plus 2 dx now taking integration sign separately with both the terms we get Integral of 1 over x plus 1 dx minus integral of 1 over x plus 2 dx and It is equal to log mod x plus 1 Minus log mod x plus 2 plus c and it can also be written as log x plus 1 upon x plus 2 Plus c so the required answer to the session is log mod of x plus 1 over x plus 2 Plus c right so this is the required answer to the session Hope you understood the whole concept of partial fractions well and have a nice day ahead


Reservoirs have been built for various purposes such as water supply, irrigation and electricity generation in Brazil. More than 700 large dams and associated reservoirs exist in the country's major rivers. These reservoirs bring economic benefits but also cause significant alterations to natural hydrologic regimes affecting habitat quality and biodynamics. The main impact of reservoirs is the change from lotic to lentic water, which affects aquatic fauna, including fish. Fish species richness usually increases immediately after reservoir formation but decreases as reservoirs age. Dams also promote discharge control, altering seasonal flood cycles. Management actions such as construction of fish passages, fishery control and stocking have been taken to minimize dam impacts but their results are questionable or with clear failures. The Piranha River basin is the most affected by dams in Brazil and patterns in the decline of fish diversity and negative consequences in the fishery and ecosystem functioning have been described. Suggestions for improving conservation of ikthia fauna in South American basins influenced by dams are presented. This article was authored by A. A. Augustino, F. M. Pelicis and L. C. Gomez. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


on how to enhance content, application, and analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. For our conference today, we have a hashtag, so if you're Twitter, please use hashtag NHANES2020. Before we start, I'd like to explain how we want to communicate with you. So first, let me introduce our moderators, Carrie and Rob. Carrie is a clinical informationist at West Medical Library and Rob is basic science informationist. When you have a question for a speaker, please use Q&A box. Then Rob the moderator after the speaker is done, and then anything else, please use chat box. Carrie will moderate. And we will also use chat box to communicate with you and also send you resources through chat box. Now we want to know, okay, that's a normal emphasis about Q&A. Please tell us your affiliation. It's based on the number of registrants. So number one residents are coming from Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and then school medicine and nursing. And we have a fair number of folks coming from NYU, thanks to Dr. Stella E, who is one of our speakers. And we also have several from Towson, Harvard and NIH and other institutions. If you choose other, you can use chat box to write your institution. Kevin, if we have research, can you show us? It looks like a few other people are still voting. So I can't close it just yet. So we'll give it a minute, about 85% of people I voted. And for those of you who have not voted, you should be able to see a polling question. And that is open right now. And many of you asked about recording. The session will be recorded and all the residents will get notification when the recording is ready. And the slide will be also available as well. We'll see the results. Should we go to the second poll, Kevin? So the second question is, we want to know how much experience do you have with enhanced data? So if you never heard of it, but change here because it sounds interesting, that's number one, never heard of it, never used it. And then if you have some experience, you play with it, you know how to find the data, you search the variables, that would be number two. If you are familiar with the data, but have not either, you know, presented a conference or published, that would be number three, third option. And if you have publication, that will be fourth option. Seems like just a few more people are still polling. So we have a lot of never used. This is fantastic because our first speaker, Utaka will talk of extensive overview of NHANES. Or those of you who have published, I would love to hear from you in case we do another NHANES symposium next year. I'm always recruiting speakers and introduce our first speaker. Our first speaker is Dr. Utaka Aoki. Utaka is a senior service fellow at the division of national health and nutrition examination surveys at National Center for Health Statistics. He's an environmental epidemiologist cross-trained in biostatistics and toxicology. Utaka is Hopkins alum, yay, with his PhD from environmental health sciences and master of health science from biostatistics. Today, he will give an extensive overview of NHANES. If you're interested in learning about NHANES, this will be a great opportunity for you. Utaka. Thank you for the nice introductions. I wanted to start my talk by mentioning that I was a user of NHANES data, like some of you are, and hopefully will be. And 15 years ago, I first analyzed NHANES data, and then about eight years ago, I started working for NHANES. And I'm still using it and finding more uses and having more ideas. So I hope you'd find something of a similar experience in the future. So I will cover a lot of information, which I hope to be useful for you as you consider using NHANES data for your research. Here's the outline of my talk. Most of the information I cover can be found in NHANES web page. But you really don't need to remember this. You know, just type in NHANES in any search engine, and usually the NHANES page will come up at the top of results. So goal and history. NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. The survey is unique in that it combines interviews and physical examination. And really the key word here is examination. And hence provides US population-based estimates of health conditions, including awareness, treatment, control of selected diseases, nutritional status, and diet behaviors, environmental exposures, many of which are based on the objective measures coming from examination. Say blood pressure, BMI, iodine, urine, blood lead, these all come from examination. Most of the collected data available for free download. And not just this estimate, providing estimates for this, there are much more uses for NHANES data. Brief history of NHANES, it was started in 1960 as a national health and examination survey covering only adults. And then in 1971, as you can see, the acronym was got longer with N for nutrition. And HHANES, the first H for this was for Hispanic. But all these other NHANES earlier surveys are covered in participants of any race or Hispanic background or ethnicity. Age ranges, as you can see, expanded over years. And it used to be these earlier NHANES were periodic. But starting with 1999, it became continuous with the two-year cycle. And it covers it's been covering all ages, although some of the data were not collected for some age groups. Overall design of NHANES. NHANES sample represents US civilian non-institutionalized population residing in 50 states and DC. About 5,000 people are sampled each year. Over sampling is performed to allow reliable estimates for subgroups such as Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, older persons, or income whites. And starting in 2011, non-Hispanic Asians also have been oversampled. And still I will talk more about this later in her talk. NHANES stage probably some probability sampling design. Meaning that the counties, the locations selected at the first stage. And in the subsequent selection of the lower units of analysis, segments, household, and then subgroup participants are eventually selected. Data collection steps start with ascending advance later to the prospective participants. And screening is done with informal consent. They may go through informal interview. And with further consent, they may take part in the exam component of the NHANES. So screening is done at the doorstep of the prospective participants. And as I said, if consent is obtained, move on to the traditional computer assistance personal interview, CARP interviews. Hustle interview collect data on various health conditions, health related behaviors and exposures, health care utilization, prescription medications, and dietary supplements. So in the second component of examination is performed at mobile exam center, or MEC, which consists of four trailers, one, two, three, four, and inside of it, like this, you know, many rooms. But just to emphasize is that some of the interviews also are conducted as a part of MEC. I'm going to take you through a quick virtual talk of MEC. It's going to be very quick. But and I don't know, some components pictured are not performed every survey cycle. Reception area, cardiovascular health, hearing and vision, anthropometry and body composition, some image like this collected for whole body, muscular strength, which is actually grip strength, private interviews for dietary behavior, and also some other components, or health, respiratory health, laboratory, some blood and other sample collected and processed. Some laboratory tests are performed in the MEC on the spot, pregnancy test and complete blood count, and the rest of the samples are processed and sent to CDC and other labs, about 500 assays are performed. Other laboratory tests include biochemistry profile, nutritional biomarkers, diabetes, lipids, syrupy protein, hormone test, infectious diseases, and also some environmental exposures are measured using biomarkers in blood or urine, such as metals, pesticides, various other chemicals. Some of these are measured in pooled samples, allowing assessment of time trends and estimation for select race, Hispanic origin, sex, age groups. So there are lots of data. How do you know what data are available, what variables are available? You can search variables or browse and enhance websites. If you go to an enhanced site on the left side, there are many tabs and one of them is search variables, and you can search variables using usual keyword search. Also, you can on the left hand side, another tab, another tabs, other tabs for web pages specific to two-year cycles. And so you can go there and look at the documentations. And I think Megan will have some examples of this later in her talk. serum, plasma, urine, DNA, these are the specimens maybe stored for future research with separate consent from participants. It takes about three hours and a half to go through the exam for adults and teens. This is average and it takes longer. So it's somewhat burdensome for certain people, such as old people. For children, it's one to two hours. But as you can see, participants, you know, really invest their time and efforts to take part in. And what's the benefit for the participants? Certainly, one benefit is they get the results. On the spot at the mech, they may find out they have hybrid pressure. I have two carries, or as soon as the abnormal values are encountered in laboratory tests, participants are informed. And they can also call for STD results in a secure manner. They also get final reports. What else? They also get participants also receive renumeration, cash renumeration for time and effort, and transportation costs are reimbursed. Non-participants' parents receive renumeration for child or children. Additional renumeration for other components too. So we make efforts to increase the participation rate, but the response rates for enhance has been, unfortunately, decreasing. Like many other surveys, enhance used to have more than 80% response rates. But in the recent years, it's been declining. And in the most recent years, it has come down to about almost like 50%. This, as you can imagine, is a very serious issue we'd like to keep concerned about. How data are used? Here are some previous contribution examples. Pediatric growth charts are based on enhance. Blood pressure guidelines are based on enhance. For blood lead, current CDC reference value, 5 micrograms of liter per deciliter for age 1 to 5, also based on enhance, 2007 through to 2040, 2010 data. It was actually the value 5 was actually 97.5 percentile value for this age group. And it's actually, as you can see, it has actually no direct health relevance. 132 healthy people, 2020 objectives were based on enhance. Lots more. For the sake of time, I skipped that and move on to the topic of so what kind of enhance studies you might, you might, you might carry out. It could be descriptive or analytical in a different context, such as change over time, comparisons by group, for minority demographic SCS. And for minority health, Stella will talk more about in later, in her talk later. Design could be cross-sectional and longitudinal. Actually, longitudinal, I will come back to this. It may come as a surprise for you because enhance is a cross-section survey. But, you know, in many of these studies, usually they are underlying independent variable, independent variables and covariates. There are a lot of choices for these variables in enhance. Okay, so now let's go through some, just some examples. This is change over time, hyperattention, another change over time for HPV, the New York Times headline read HP vaccine is credited in full, fall of teen ages infection rate. Group comparison, this is a cross-sectional comparison and sort of a shameless personal plug. I was a senior author for this article in which we described the blood levels of the children living in hard assisted housing. And we compared the blood levels to the children living in, not in hard assisted housing, in living somewhere else. And we found that hard assisted children living in hard assisted housing actually had lower blood levels, you know, adjusting for their social economic status and other important potential confounders. Here's another example, again, personal plug. I was the lead author for this. We looked, we found that the blood lead is linearly associated with cardiovascular disease mortality risk. This was longitudinals and based on mortality data linked to enhance. And hence, data was used as a baseline and follow up outcome data were obtained from other, another data which is linked to enhance. The next section is analytic and methodological considerations. It is really just some tips for enhance based research. For any research, you start with searching for topic and for enhance based studies, you also would like to learn what data available for enhance and what you are looking into is what has been researched properly using enhance, what can be or other data set, what can be researched properly with enhance data. So, and you are looking for sort of, sort of, you know, unbeaten path, so to speak. And a little difference here from other general epidemiologic studies in general is that you go from topic to, you know, search for topic and, okay, what kind of data will you need to collect. But if I enhance, data have been collected. So you might have, might look the whole thing slightly differently. Given the data available, what I can study. Another, one thing I important to do is to learn how to analyze complex survey data. And you can take a course, it could be short or quarter or semi-star long courses, or you can self-teach. And I, at Hopkins, actually, I think I believe there is a quarter course on complex survey data analysis. And you can, for simple analysis, it may be suffice to go through some online tutorials. And hence, we also have tutorials for that. Another thing I can recommend you to do is that to pull out some previous papers and try to replicate findings based on public enhance data. And I did that when I first touched the enhanced data 15 years ago. And it's very, you know, gratifying that you find that, okay, my estimates actually exactly matches the values in the published papers. And you might go on to consider use of limited access data, which I'll talk about a little more in greater length. So strength enhance, strength of enhance based studies, these are so obvious enhance data nationally representative, nationally representative. So we have, we have a good general generalizability. And also data collected consistently, consistent in a consistent manner. So it increases internal, improves internal validity. But the very practical advantage is that, you know, there are lots of data for free for you to use. Some limitations, one limitation to note is local estimation will be limited. And hence goes only about 15 locations per year. And no geography at the state level below disclosed. Sample size may be small for some group analysis you might want to do. There are some manipulations of data to protect confidentiality, like top coding for age and some other data masking are done in public data. And as I mentioned earlier, declining response rates have been over many, many of ourselves and those users concerns in recent years. Here's some analytic considerations. Just to hear, I mentioned top coding and you can, for age, you can, and the solution will be categorized, use categorized age, you can impute, you can also use limited access data, which are recorded, which provides exact age and so forth. Another one just came to mind. My mind as I prepare this presentation is when analyzing data from multiple surveys, there's a concern for confiding due to year of survey. For example, suppose you are looking at two variables X and Y and they both have decreasing time trends. And you might see X and Y have an associated with each other. But if you look at data for each survey, there's no association. So, you know, the, so the time of survey, you're actually operating as a confounder solution. One easy solution is adjust for survey cycle, like, for example, by including survey cycle indicators integration. There are many more, but I'm going to go to the next one. So, next simple thing to consider is complex survey data, design of enhanced. And it's, in January, it's better to avoid using methods for simple random sample. And there's exception to this as for some sophisticated users can deviate from this with a certain justification for sure. This will be, Josh will talk about this later in greater detail. But typically, typically, complex survey appropriate extensions of usual random simple random sample methods are available. So it's highly recommended you run this complex survey method and use those. Usually, you just need to pay attention to two important to design considerations. One is waiting. And the other is variance estimation. And intervention of these could be relatively simple. For example, for waiting, you need to choose proper sampling weight. And for example, instead, you can just put in the weight variable like this. Or, and variance estimation also strata and PSU could be specified properly. Limited access data can be accessible through research data center or RDC. I put accessible in quotation marks because some data may not, may be only used as matching variables and cannot be directly accessed even at RDC. How to do this? This RDC is based research is proposal goes through proposal process. You submit the proposal to be to be reviewed for disclosure on disclosure grounds and excuse me. And once the proposal is approved, you'd conduct analysis at the RDC and retrieve results which we call sometime called output access acceptable on disclosure ground. But no raw data could be taken out from the RDC. There's some user fees. There are many RDC locations across the country. And here I listed three that's nearby. I mean from near, not far away from Hopkins, downtown DC, Rockville and Hyatt's Bay. RDC may be closed during COVID-19 epidemic. Types of limited data include sensitive data such as drug use for adolescents, personally or geographically identifying information such as, you know, old age values, detailed ethnic origin ancestry, geocode. As I mentioned, matching variables, these geocode generally speaking can be used mostly only for matching variables or merging with external data. And no geographic identifier at state or low level can be directly accessible even at RDC. There are some linked administrator, mortality, Medicare, Medicaid, social security benefit and housing assistance program of HUD. And some of these could be used for longitudinal study. Okay, latest update. So field operation of NHANES data collection has been on pause since March due to COVID-19 epidemic. Meanwhile, we have some surplus, you know, some tracks which haven't been used. So we provided that for the DC government to be used for COVID-19 response. Okay, I guess this is the last slide, I guess. So as mentioned earlier, you know, most of the information I covered could be looked at again or learned more at our website. And you can explore variables, learn about design analysis, use tutorials and so forth. If you still have questions, the best way to find more about is to send inquiry through CDC info email form, which is available from this website. And this is really recommended for inquiry. Okay, so I guess that's all I have. I will entertain your question. Thanks. Stop sharing. Thanks, Itaka. So we have a number of questions. Some relate to NHANES scope. So I'll start with those. So we have a question about amputation. Amputation is a variable or considered in the collection of data for NHANES? There are so many data. I don't remember the data have been collected, but I may be wrong. The best way to find out is just to go to that search page and you can put in amputation in the and to see if it's having collected. And for future, if we get some questions like this, will this be collected in the future? That's hard to answer. So generally, you find out when data come out. And there's no other good way to find out. Unfortunately. Yeah. Okay. Thank you. A couple of questions relate to children specifically. So the question about whether learning assessments are administered in NHANES and also whether there's screening for behavioral functioning in children. Yeah. So again, I'm talking from my memory. So please confirm this at the website. But there have been some components like some for like assessing the ADHD types of outcome. That's having conducted for some select years. And I think some of them restricted, you know, limited use because of the privacy and concern. So there are some such data. But I don't think it's been, you know, it's been corrected every year for all children. But there are some data to use on the behavior or developmental aspects of children. Great. We had a question that relates, I guess, to methodology in NHANES relating to the longitudinal character of NHANES. So the question relates to explaining how longitudinal analyses are possible. Is it just overall trends over time? Or is it truly the longitudinal in nature where the data on the same patients are available in different years? Yeah. So the way this works is that NHANES, in these longitudinal studies, for the most for the most of the time, NHANES data used as a baseline data to form a baseline cohort. And outcome data comes from other data sources, such as mortality data, which comes from national death index. Our center has that data set and there's a matching. And the data provided as a public also, some exact mortality data provided through RDC, but some like, you know, like feasibility data, some of the sort of, you know, simpler data available as public. And also some other administrator mentioned, Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, those also could be used to as a sort of passive follow-up using those other data sets and pick up outcomes such as death, where people start receiving benefit for disability, which means they had some disability, you know, episodes. So that's how, so, like I said, you know, baseline cohort is formed by NHANES, then other data set that are used to do the longitudinal follow-up. I hope that answers. But you can pull out some of the actual longitudinal analysis publications. I had one, but you can search for those and you can see read the methods of those studies. You can get a better idea. Thanks. Okay. And then there are a couple of questions related to data analysis. So one, I mean, you touched on this, I don't know if you want to say any more about waiting, but a question saying does NHANES require any waiting I think you sort of addressed that, but didn't know if you wanted to speak more. Well, it's not like when the use of public data, we actually can't require much. People do whatever they want to do. And Josh is nodding and sometimes we summarize, but generally speaking, for example, get producing the national estimate of something waiting suddenly is needed. And in order to produce a reasonable, valid, appropriate variance for those estimates, strata and PSU also should be considered. That's in principle, maybe more later for sophisticated users, really sophisticated users. But for somebody starting to use NHANES always should wait. So that's my advice. So it's an official recommendation of NHANES also and also NCHS. So, Ra, and Yutaka. So Yutaka, thank you so much for your talk. Unfortunately, we don't have enough time to answer all these great questions. So if you can type the answer, they'll be great. We want to move on to the next speaker.


Welcome folks, this is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We go five days a week. We go seven hours a day. We go 24 hours a day on the internet at tfnn.com. Always remember folks, whatever you think about, you bring about whatever. You focus on growth. Hope everyone's having a great day, safe day. It's making a great night folks. Except others the way they are. You cannot change other people to try to change them to fit what you want. It's like trying to change a dog into a cat or a cat into a horse. They are what they are and you are what you are. Market wise, let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industrial's down 199. Nasdaq is off 11, S&P's down 18. Gold contract trading down $27.10 at 17.08 an ounce. We have silver down 84 cents, $18.35 an ounce. Light sweet crude, flat, $96.69 a barrel, notes and bonds, a 10 year note trading down 15 ticks. That's a price point of 118.14, the 30 year of 28 ticks at 139.15 and King dollar. King dollar's up 656 ticks, trading out at 108.614. The Euro is flat, one US dollar to one Euro. You get the pound, a 118 to one US dollar and you get the yen at 138, almost 139 to one US dollar. Our phone number's<PHONE_NUMBER>. Give us a call folks, wanna know what's going on in your world and the world of the S&P's. Let's take a look at them, what do you got? Well, this is gonna get so intriguing folks and what I mean specifically by this is that we had another rejection of lower price. Now this could be, wait a minute here this man. This is what I thought processes, because this is a trip. So the way this market is trading right here, this is normally how you get into a longer term low. And what I mean specifically is this, is that when you get, when you come down fast and furious, right, and then which we did, when we got into this, the spy got into 362, okay. Bottom line, you rally for three or four days, you come back down, it doesn't get into the low.  So now here's the deviant pot. Is that looking at this market and looking where we're at, July 14th, right, it's like, okay, you know, when you look at the market overall, meaning each year by year, you're coming into the weakest part of the year, right? And I'm saying, oh, okay. So the question's gonna be how far does this rally go? And we'll see how it hits.  Because if we take a look at the queues, what you're gonna see, the queues, we're down the most today, came back, ruined back. You know, I guess you're talking about Apple. I'm gonna get into Apple because Apple's an ABC up. Apple's taking out the B point, it's an ABC up, man. So we go to the queues, we take a look at the queues. The queues had a low of 279, you're 286. We go to the end queues, and we take a look at those future contracts, what you're gonna see is bottom line, you're down high and fast. We're down at 511, and we're at 260 points off of that level. Gold, we're gonna take a look at the gold market. Would you have with the gold? And you know, needless to say this morning, I mean, everything was smoked in a monster way. We take a look at gold. Would you have with gold? Gold got down to a price point of 1695. You've done, geez, this can't be, let me just look at this again. GC, GC, okay, so, there we go. 238,000 contracts. Okay, so let's take a look at this. So we get down to a price point of 1695. You're at 1707. Yeah, and this had light of volume yesterday. Yesterday we had big volume. We had 301,000 contracts yesterday. Today you get 238, and the bottom line is it's above 1704.50, and that's all it has to do to get to a higher price. Now, let's go to the good old US dollar. We take a look at the dollar, and what you're gonna see, the dollar's running in the markets, man. That's the bottom line. You're gonna take a look at this dollar, and you can see that when you're basically taking a look at it, that the correlation, and the next segment, I'm gonna try to see if I can compare these. So you can see, just tick for tick. I mean, it's tick for tick. That's how this thing's going inside the US dollar. Bottom line is that we made it up to that 109,294. Just backed off a little, and you can see just a back off of a little. So watch this, folks, okay? A back off of just a little on the S&P. What it did is bring the S&P from 3723, okay? The 3788. You're talking about 50 points as it backs off. So we'll see on a longer-term basis, okay? Is this dollar gonna basically back down a bit and give us some relief in the marketplace? Well, it's telling me that it is, and the reason I'm saying that, is the aspect that as you're, we don't have volume on site in the currencies, folks. We do have volume in the indices, and the indices don't have any more sellers. So when you don't have any more sellers, it takes hardly any buying to get to much higher price. That's how it basically shakes out. The wild card in my own head at this particular point is the aspect, okay? Are we talking about like a real long-term bottom, meaning two or three months? And we might, you know? Because what I've found is that the more that you keep trying to jam bottoms and you cannot get them, and you cannot get any more selling, that's when you get yourself bounce that's pretty extraordinary. And we know by looking at the market, it's all about this good old US dollar, you know? So we'll see what there's gonna be any kind of intervention. And the intervention, I suspect, would be coming in the yen, because you can take a look at the yen. I mean, the yen, you talk about weakness, okay? It's just so weak, it's extraordinary, man. I mean, look at this.  I mean, it went from four months ago, it was at 114.  That is, they are losing money hand over fist as to what they can buy. iPhone number's 877, 9276648. We have the Dow Industries down 150. Nasdaq's off three, S&P's off 12. We'll come right back.


So, Sadhguruji, then what is it? Okay, so for all of us, how do we live our days? What is the best way to just go about it? Give us a clear, simple, simple sentences, do this, and you will be at least on the way to being blissful or happy or aware or living in a nice conscious way.  Not for your family, not for your career, not for something else, something else.  Yes or no? Even if you're in love with somebody, still this is the most important piece of life, isn't it? So pay some attention to this, how does it happen? Why have you taken it for granted? Believe me, you're not going to be here forever.  Yes or no? Yes. So, do not take this for granted. If you wake up in the morning, tomorrow if you wake up in the morning… No, this is not my wish, but I want you to know of all the people who go to bed tonight, over a million people will not wake up tomorrow morning. And tomorrow, if you and me wake up tomorrow morning, is it not a fantastic thing? A million people did not wake up, you woke up, is it not a great thing? Just look at the ceiling and smile, you are still awake, you're still there.  So just check those five, six people around you, they all woke up. Wow, it's a fantastic day.  Is it not fantastic day? Yes. You don't think so? Yes. You don't seem to think so. Because the problem is just this, you're living with an idea that you're immortal. When I say you're immortal, you're not actually thinking you're immortal, but you're not conscious of your mortality. If you're not conscious of your mortality, somewhere you think you're immortal, isn't it? How many moments in a day are you conscious that you're mortal? If you were conscious, would you have time to crib? Would you have time to fight with somebody? Would you have time to do some rubbish with your life?  This one thing if you do, if you just remind yourself, you don't think this is a negative thing. Death is not a negative thing. It's the only thing which has added value to your life. If you're here forever, you would be unbearable. Yes, yes. Isn't it? Aren't we glad everybody dies one day?  We don't intend. We want to live as far as possible. Just you know one day I will die. If you're just conscious of this one thing, you will naturally become spiritual.  I'm mortal, one day I will end. Just do this for two days and see you will become something truly fantastic within yourself. Just this is all. That is simply beautiful. That's all that's needed. If you want to know the value of life, just know that it's a brief happening.