ll see that in a while. So this is the relaxation using the variable cell. And sorry, Tony, are you? Yes. Yes. So shall we launch this now on the remote cluster? Yeah, we can try it. Yeah. So this will be if you haven't tried to relaunch anything. So here they are these two steps, the manual step, which is the PW and TK script. And then there's this step where you can directly run PWX with this input and both of these, these can be run on the remote cluster. So let's try our luck. Now if you don't remember anything from the day zero or if you joined a bit later but let's hope everyone has the remote access. We will now be checking that on the flight. If yes, if not. So at the beginning, after the introduction slides they were the two shorter introductions to the execution remotely. So the first one is the remote execution of the executables. So here it's a PW.X. And this is now for the input using the VC Relax because that's a ready input for the PW.X. And if you want to, when you want to run the PWTK is a zinc dash scan dot PWTK you can run that remotely using the remote PWTK command. So how you run those, it's just like before but you don't provide any output. That's not necessary because this output will be created on a remote machine. So for single input file, sorry, you would run remote MTA run then the executable. And now you have to use the dash in option and then the input file. So in a while you will see how this is done in practice. So this is a running MPI run. The second one is remote PWTK and in the name of script. And then in the output you will see in a while in the output you will see, okay, it will be launched on the remote cluster. The next page, then there are some, well, if you have a other kind of script you can use also the remote dispatch but we are not going to use it now. The very important point that Noda has, Tonya, sorry, has mentioned me is that on some of the clusters, I don't give any names here but there's a problem with the files, it's no problem. It's tuned so that you better not touch any of the files, not even look at the output, not even copy them before the job has finished. So we ask you once you have launched your job with this remote MPI run or remote PWTK, you use the remote SQ commands and you can launch it as many times as needed and you only go to the next step. So copying the output file, that's actually on the third page. You only do this after you have seen that your job has finished. These jobs will probably not take very long. I don't remember half a minute or so, maximum. So they will be quite fast. The next example will take, I think, something like two minutes and please don't try to copy any of the files, don't log in on the cluster during that time. This might cause some damage of files. So just be patient. You can have, once you have launched a job for it, somebody can look at the input file using x-rays 10 and 10 every now and then you check the remote SQ. If you still have this kind of line, it says that your job is here to running because it's R and once it has disappeared, your job has finished and then you can copy the data. So please remember this then. Be patient, execute the remote SQ until your job has finished. It could be that if you make a mistake at the beginning, then actually the job, it takes us a fraction of a second on the cluster and then it finishes the meeting. So even then, what you will do, you can copy all the output file or even better, you just use the command rsync underscore from, underscore HPC space and the period, dot. This will copy all the files from the cluster to the current directory. So in shorts, you either execute the remote NPR run or remote PWTK with the corresponding options and then you check your SQ or the Q job if it's still in the Q. Once it has come from the Q, you copy all the files. And I think at this moment, at least there's no need to copy the files explicitly. So this is done automatically. So please don't execute today the HPC rsync PC. This is for your convenience for later. And we don't need the remote S batch today, I think. So let's try that. So we come to the zinc example. Sorry, I went a bit too far. So the zinc example, so the manual way. Let's try the manual way first. So that's a PWTK script, right? So there's this zinc file. So let's try remote PWTK zinc scam PWTK. And we hope for the best that it's working now. Okay, there's just the output. It says something, okay, it submitted the files to the cluster, you don't need to care about this. And then it says submitting the job and it says it using, well actually not process but 20 cores. And that's probably too much for this example but you will see that the next example will be harder than, it's better to use those 20 cores. Okay, we check 30 seconds execution time. So it's running because there's R under the status and it has been running 30 seconds. Now it looks like the output is hanging but just press enter. It's because the job when the SQ job went on the background.  So it seems that everything is fine. It's running, it's one minute. It's still running, still running. At this point, maybe you can report if you have any problems executing this. I mean, the other commands, so this was this manual way and I think, well, maybe it's better to wait until this has finished when we launched the other job. So it's one and a half minutes now. But then there's this other job. We'll be launching in a while. If you have finished this first step and if you have a look at the output, you can already go and you can try out. So again, I almost forgot. So the other way was this relaxation with the variable self. So this is now executing directly with MPI run. The executable pw.x and the input file is this zinc with VC relax. This you can submit. I prefer that you submit it the only one. I just put this so that I remember. So let's take the Q, it's still running. It's taking more time than I remember. But in the meantime, has everyone managed to launch either the MPI run job or this pw.tk job remotely? So please raise your hands in Zoom. Please write on the slack. I mean, I see also I'm following the stream, but I think, yeah, the interesting questions about the Vandevaas for this and then I think I will come to Vandevaas functionals. And this will come later during the school. So now we are just in the GGA to keep things simple, but it's certainly a big issue in this, in particular when with this rise of the 2D materials or between the layers, adsorbates and so on often or adsorbates on surfaces and so on. And you have often the Vandevaas courses. So anyone has trouble? Okay. I need to quickly check on Argo. So, and then one important note. So I start to see a few jobs on the HPC cluster. So that's cool. Yeah. Good. It means the configuration should be fine. So if you have problems, you can either write on the cluster HPC, ICTP or even here. We can join some breakout room if you have any comments. But I think quite soon I will continue with the example. So if you're in the breakout room, then you might miss the following explanations, but while your tutor can help you further than, or you just follow the PDF file. And so I just want to note, I tell it to everyone because it was a problem I saw it this morning or someone had asked already this morning and now they're doing the exercises. So these remote commands, you run on the virtual machine, not on the HPC cluster. So the idea here was to simplify your life. You don't have it logged on the cluster. This is of course not the real life of a computation scientist. You probably have to fight how do I log in and so on. But we tried to make everything as smooth and simple so that we don't lose time and connecting the cluster and so on. So the idea is that you run all these commands from your virtual machine or if you copy it all the data on your laptop or some other machine, but you don't log in to these three clusters to execute these commands. No one reports any other problem now. So I suppose I hope everyone has done the calculation. So this was for the 2D sampling. The manual way and now I copy all the data. So I use this rsync from underscore HPC and period. That copies all the files if it should. Indeed we get the lots of output files. So we get for each combination of the A and C, we get the input and output file. So there are many, many output files and you see already the energies, actually they have been collected in one of the files. So that's also done on the cluster at the end of this job automatically. That submission script, there's the output from the queuing system but we are not going to look at those. So now this was all copied. I see it copies a little bit too much. I see that it has all written the references. If I'm not wrong, that was not the idea but let's see. So here, as you have seen already in the previous days, you will have some ready-prepared files. So this is a Knublok file and this file directly plots. It uses the values which were gained on the cluster and it plots them here with the Knublok. So you can just take Knublok. There are lots of these options. We are not going to go through them but this will show you these two-dimensional potentials. So you see, you have this A value of the lattice constant. This was the lateral at this constant in a hexagonal cell and on the other axis, you had the C. Now in this contour and the contour with the lines and the colors, you see the representation and you see that the lowest energy, I mean, that has been normalized to zero. So that's the minimum, so that's the most blue point. So it's somewhere here, 2.61 for A and 5.27 maybe for the C. So this would be very roughly with the eye looking at this output and concluding the optimal lattice constants A and C on this calculation. So this is what you get. This you can have a look then with the Knublok in the meantime, we can execute, actually I wrote it already. I mean, this is all in the files, the readme files also. If you want to, then well, now it's very crowded. This, but you have the readme, well, now it's somewhere in between, there's a readme MD so you can have the exit commands there. So we can launch the remote MPI run or this other job also. So it was remote MPI run, then the executable dash in and the input file and you don't redirect the output. Otherwise it's like you will be running indirectly on a cluster. So the remote is just this complicated script which launches the job and does all these steps for you. So we tried to launch that and let's see if I'm lucky. So again, it says the job was launched on the remote cluster using 20 cores. 20 has been chosen actually because I think this is the number of cores per note on that, well, let's say on all the clusters, it's kind of optimal value. And we can check the stages of the job. So now it's running since 24 seconds. And now while it's running, you can, for example, look at the potential surface and so on. Does anyone have a problem so far? Everyone is able to run MPI run remotely, PW, TKE remotely, everyone is happy, everyone gave up. The only thing I think that we should, we could now close the streaming session if you agree. So I would, I mean, I would think, I don't know, look if there are any left questions otherwise, I mean, we'd thank the participation on streaming. I think we can close the streaming and the registrations well and we can stay available for the ones that need help in here. Yeah, so then the rest of the exercise is, you will see. Hello? Yeah, Ivan, you don't need half an hour more for the streams, but we stay here and we close the registrations and the streaming. I mean, we don't need to register ourselves that we chat one another. Okay, there are still examples. We leave the Zoom open, but I don't know, I mean, what do you think? But I think that Ari has still something or some... There are still some exercises to explain, so... Ah, okay, okay, okay, perfect. No, no, sorry, sorry. I thought we were just left to the exercises. No, no, no, I thought we'd take some time because... Excuse me, excuse me, please go ahead. No problem. No problem, no, I mean, we are going a bit slower than initially we had planned, but I think it's good, like you said, that we try to slow down. So we hope that everyone has managed to run remotely. So... Someone has a problem with remote access. Maybe you want to check. Is that on... Zoom. Zoom. I'm all out there. I'll do that. Yeah, I told the two of them to join the breakout room. If you can join the Mondal breakout room, I will be able to help you. Okay, yeah. Help you. Yeah, you can also invite this person. Yes. Is it Amal who has from... If anyone has from, please report now. I mean, you can also write quickly on the Zoom or Slack chat. And then we can use these checkout rooms. So someone will invite you or you are getting an invitation that you can join there if you have any trouble. So in the meantime, well, I mean, later if you are now in the breakout room, but you don't hear me anymore if you're in the breakout room, but if you go to the breakout room, you of course have these slides and you can ask us later how it continues, but I think it's all clear. You continue and if you have any questions afterwards, then we will have to Slack you out. Also later during this week, if you have questions related to this day, we are there to help you. Okay, so in the meantime, the job had finished. I think it took something like two minutes. So this is a bit easier to relax. So I will quickly explain the aspect. So now there's a much less output because there was only one job, there was no loops. Ah, sorry, now I make a mistake. Now I make a mistake using the wrong keyboard shortcuts. I hope we are back to mine. Well, now I see the resolution is much higher. I try to go to lower resolution, so it's weaker fonts and so on. Sorry, this is my mistake. Oh, sorry, it's still too high. You can leave default, but then you set up the resolution in the virtual box. Yeah, because I managed to do it this morning. Just now, for some reason, it always wants to go back to the high resolution. Oh, but you are trying now to set up the resolution within the virtual machine. Yeah, I did it this morning and I think it worked fine, but sorry, I tried once again. Just then I saw that it was okay for my screen. Okay, yeah, sorry, I took the wrong one. No, it again adapts to high resolution, sorry. Just, I don't know why it goes back to this, because then I do the resizing of the screen and it goes back, it keeps on, so I try not to do it, well, I try to do it now. Sorry for that, yeah, I try to stay at this size. Ari, you are now trying to set the resolution within the virtual machine. Yeah, I know. If you do it from the virtual box. Yeah, I don't know, it is a good time now, but this way, actually, I think I tried to survive. So we'll do it later when the people might be waiting for some, some, some, so I hope now, I see the width is not okay, but I hope you can still read my font at this moment. So I did the copy and I think I, no, now it's gone. I just check, well, so now we visualize this output that we got from the remote cluster. So this was the VC relaxed calculation and this is the output. So now we don't reduce dimensionality because this is actually a really deep treatment system. I only show the final geometry. It's not very interesting because the taxi only changes the lattice constant. So this is the HCP crystal. Not much, not very interesting as such. And as I mentioned, the symmetry is so high that there are no internal decrease of freedom. So let's have a look on the, just reading a little bit the output file. And again, how many steps you need? That depends on the, oh, no, no, the initial geometry, how far it's from the final, well, the final lattice constant and the geometry. So I just mentioned here at the beginning of the output, they are the crystal axis in a Cartesian coordinates in units of a lattice. Because this is what is interesting later in the output. So otherwise the output is the same, it just repeats those. Then it does the first self-consistent loop. It shows the eigenvalues at the different k points. So now we are not only at the gamma points, we have quite many, sorry. Then we had the forces and no surprise, the geometry is so high that all the forces are zero. So there's no internal decrease of freedom in the coordinates to optimize. But the lattice constants stay, they need to be optimized. And now we see the value of this stress sensor. So you can print, let it print also if you don't do these, you relax. There's a value input variable in the control section. You can check it up in the documentation. As again in the browser, you can click on the input variable. So the description of the inputs for BW, the peaks, but here it's automatically printed because we are doing the easy, relaxed calculation. And it shows the value of the stress sensor. Actually it shows, here it already shows the isotropic one, but that's the trace. And that already gives you an idea. If it's a very large one, like here, it's in this value is in a kilo bar. So here the stress sensor on the left, sorry, I can't go back these values by symmetry most of them, the non-diagonal ones, they are zero, but the diagonal ones they are in Rydberg by Bohr to the cube. So this is, you can imagine, this is the energy or changing energy when you change the volume. So that's why it's Bohr-cube or the other unit for the length, cube. On the right, you have the same values in kilo bars. If you want to think in another unit suppressor, you can do the conversion. But here is the value, like I said, this is the average value, the trace divided by three of the diagonal. And this gives an idea, if this is a large one, you probably have a large stress still and the calculation will continue. Now again, we do BFGS on the coordinate, there's nothing to optimize. And we do, it's also BFGS by default on the lattice. So it looks almost the same, there's just a presidencer. But what does change then, the code does not only show the new coordinates, it also shows the cell parameters. And I mentioned initially it shows the initial values in the units of ALET, now that's the same in units of ALET, which is this one. And the first one, I think in all cases, it starts from one, it's 1.00000, no matter which system, because these are in units of ALET and ALET is always this first. So you had to multiply all these values by the ALET to get the actual lattice constants. And again, ALET here, it's in atomic bore units. It's not in Ongström, no matter what you gave in the input. Now we see that the value here, it just changed a little bit from one. So it's about 3% larger. So the lattice, that already has expanded about 3.4%. I don't remember the value in the third direction, but it also has changed. Okay, so this was after the first step. And we saw the pressure is about 185 or 186 kilobar. And now I search for this. So after the second step, now we had 60 kilobar. So that's again, the average of the diagonal. So it has reused. And again, we have a new values for the lattice vectors here and the new atomic positions. The new atomic positions, they are very boring because they are optimized in the crystal lattice. Coordinates, which was given in the input. So they are relatively with the lattice constant. This is what we want here because the coordinates will be always this. Again, the forces were always zero because of the symmetry. So this won't change. If you would want to have the coordinates in Ongström for example, in Ongström, you would have multiple IDs with the lattice vectors. And the lattice vectors have been changed to in the relaxation. Okay, we go to the next steps. Again, the value reuses. Now it goes negative. So you might have gone a bit to the other side, but eventually we hope now it's the next steps. It's reducing again. Now it's small, small. And this is now the final calculation, the last step. So this is now what it gives as the final, oh, sorry, I went one, two, five. This is already this extra relaxation that Pietro mentioned this morning. So we had to go to the second last one. Okay, here we are. Sorry for that. So this is the last iteration during the relaxation. And now you see that the value is, well, it's like negative, it doesn't matter, but it's very close to zero. And this is considered converged. So now we have converged both the coordinates, or the forces on the atoms and the lattice vectors. Well, on the forces in this example, it was very boring because it was only, they were always zero because of the symmetry. But otherwise the calculation has converged also with respect to the stress tensor. And now we have again, this final section, the output. So here you see the lattice vector in the hexagon case, laterally it has expanded by 3.35%. This is probably due to the TGA, well, could be also if the cutoff number of K-points is not converged, but those you can always increase. But at the end, you will see that you have some difference with respect to experimental values and well, main part of that is due to the exchange correlation. It could be that the experiments stay also at final temperature. If you are lucky, you find the values which have been extrapolated to zero K. They are the quantum effects, zero point effects and so on. But I would say normally you will have one, two persons, two large lattice vectors at this constants if you use the TGA in normal materials, not the one about spaces and so on. So these are the final values. And this is the final result from the calculation. And now this one we could use, so the ALAT was 4.80. And the lateral, I only take the lateral value. So now use the calculator.  So this is the final lattice constants from the calculation. And then if you want to get to Ongström, this would be a more or less 2.62. So this would be the lateral lattice constant. The final value in Ongström. And if you remember the manual way, I roughly said from the screen 2.61. So if one would do it more carefully with more time, you would see that these should be pretty close to each other. And the better you are converged with the cutoff and the K points, the closer you are with by these two ways. So normally one is, I must admit, usually one is lazy, one used one method to the other. There are so other ways to do it. And you should at the end get the same result. So if you do it the manual way to two-dimensional, here we have two-dimensional scanning of the total energy, or if you do the VC relax, then if you will have more complicated examples where you have more than two lattice vectors, then usually you have even different angles. Now we had this 120 degrees in the hexagonal cell, but then 90 degrees, so the direct angle between the lateral and vertical. So there were only the A and C, but if you have a more complicated ones, I must admit that most people be included would use the VC relax way. But please be careful, there's this issue with the convergence with the cutoff energy. And this finite basis that was explained by Pietro, so they are tricks and tricks or ways how to try to minimize the error duties. But we don't have time to go into this today. If you have any problems, any questions, so those of you, if you want, at this point, you can go to the next example. This is just a small modification of the previous one. So this again, and you would probably want to launch this remotely. So you see this is a direct input file for the PW.x. So you would use remote MPI run if you want to execute this. This will take again some minutes to launch. And the difference here is that now all the forces with respect to the coordinates, they are not zero by symmetry. In this case, so this is a crystal of urea. So it's actually a molecular crystal. So urea is a small molecule and it has its bonds length and so on. So these all depend on also the interaction between the molecules. So now we would, in this example, you will see that you will not only relax the lattice vectors and the atomic coordinates, the forces are zero and the atomic coordinates, is not the case here. So you will be relaxing both at the same time in this example. But I suggest that we carry on further. We are running soon out of time. And I will now quickly explain the last exercises and then you will independently continue those. Independently, we will have the tutors and me, Tonya will be around, not only until, well, it should end in 15 minutes anyway, but we'll be available sometime. Later, if you have any questions, of course we are available on Slack. So now I will use the rest of my time, I think 15 minutes trying to explain what is left in the exercises. But if you want, if you don't want to listen to me, if you are confident, you can do it without some explanations. You can carry those.  That's a way to say that you don't try to execute all the commands at the same time and trying to listen. But if you try to listen, I will try to quickly explain the rest of the exercises. And then again, we have the chats and we had the breakout rooms. If you have any problems or any questions. So this is the example two. Example three is an example on the natural elastic band. This was what Tony explained this morning. And this is a very, the first one is very simple example. I will not go into details. It's very funny that even if you have only a few hygiene in terms of this could be very difficult for the DFT to be converged, that's because of some issues. We don't have time to go. It sounds very like a very simple system, but also if you trust this will be horrible to treat with any of the if-change correlation functionals. But now we just believe that everything works. So we use DFT to get the forces. Everything is fine. In the first case, example 1A of the neighbor, we start the calculation using no intermediate image. I mean, Tony explained you can use this intermediate images. And here we just start and I will show you already some slides later. You will see. So we have the initial states. The first image, which is that the two hydrants are close to each other. And then there's the third action a bit further away. The last one is first, we have exchanged the central hydrogen. So it's a very easy to imagine. They are all on a line in this case. Actually it's a one, well, there's a one could say only one time. It's a one dimensional system. Or if you think it's two distances, but if you consider the difference of the two distances, then you will have only one dimension of potential surface. But anyway, this is the first image is the final one. The difference is that you have shifted the central hydrogen from one side to the other one. Now we want to calculate the energy barrier for this reaction. And the default method, if you don't use these intermediate images, just one doesn't linear interpolation. So this would be the central image. Depends on how many images you will be using. You will have some intermediate images between the first image and the central one. And then the last image of the central one. So basically you just interpolate between the firsts and the last one and this image in the middle is just the consequence of this linear interpolation. So the more points you have, of course little by little the hydrogen is shifted because again, linear interpolation is done numerically. There's no DFT, nothing. It just takes the initial coordinates, the last coordinates and this is a linear interpolation. And Tonya mentioned, please don't swap yet on so anything. Otherwise you will get horrible, well, I won't call it any on chemistry, but some very difficult geometries or so. So here, because the first image, finally, or last image, you have the same coordinates for the first and the last actions, they will remain the same in this linear interpolation. Tonya, the central hydrogen is shifted. So this is the first example, example 1A. Again, the examples, the inputs and so on, they are given. And here we use, yeah, seven images. And what you will get is then once you run the examples and crew plot, you will get the plot like this where you get the reactant barrier. So you go from the initial state, zero to the final state. It's just the reaction coordinate is given in arbitrary units, actually it's a scaled units. So you see it goes from zero to one and it's symmetric and that's, we saw it already. This, if you have H2 first on the left and the right, it's the same. So that's also why the potential surface will look symmetric. The second one is a kind of numerical exercise. This is now using the intermediate image. To use this chemical into addition, we can imagine, okay, and the real reactions, the first, the last hydrants, they don't want to stay where they are all the time. And this is the initial configuration that you will get using just this linear depilation. That's probably in the intermediate one, you will have something like, well, the symmetric molecule when the three hydrants are close to each other. So again, the initial or the first hydrogen, it has gone a bit further with the central hydrogen and the action initial on the right has come a bit closer to form this kind of image. And so this, you can insert using this intermediate image and then you get, you give the system or the computer code kind of more information than just the linear interpolation. And sometimes the linear interpolation doesn't even work. You might have a reaction. For example, you want to, you have an atom which goes from my one hand to the other one, but there's an atom in the middle and you want to see the diffusion above it. Now, if you take the linear interpolation, you will kind of shoot. You have a direct line in the linear interpolation and the two atoms would come very, very close. So in this case, the linear interpolation would not work and you have to go to something like intermediate image. So it depends again on your system, you might be forced to use this. In this case, you can calculate also using this linear interpolation. And the idea here is to look at the difference. Well, you should get the same potential in the surface at the end, sorry, here independently, but it says that the computation, it's more efficient to you to give this intermediate image. So you will check how many steps you needed to get to the converged potential in the surface. This is the idea of the first exercise. Then the second one is again on net calculation and again, here we will use the intermediate image. The physical system is H2D association on the metallic surface, the so-called 1-0-0 direction of the aluminum surface. Aluminium, you have seen the example here. Before in the earlier days, it's a FCC metal and then we cut the surface along the 1-0-0 direction. And now we want to see what is the energy barrier for the H2D association? Is there a barrier and how high is it? And what is the initial state? Well, that's H2 in the vacuum. And then it would slowly approach and what would happen chemically, but you will see also in the movie or in the visualization when you visualize the structure in the intermediates. And the final states, the association is that there are two actions which are on the surface. Depending on the reaction they might, this is it and remain quite close. It could be that initially they already dissociate and go further away. What usually happens is that they will stay quite close, but then also due to the diffusion, then the other atom will diffuse further away from the initial one. This is now quite simple. You would say it's only two layers. Also laterally the cell is too small. This was just to keep the calculation originally fast. So again, this would not be sufficient for a real scientific project, but you will see the idea. You will get the idea from this example. And then there's the scripts, PWDK, and then the commands, how to run this example also remotely. And then you will plot this potential surface again and you can visualize this, also this intermediate ones. So you will see what happens chemically. And then later, if you want to continue, we can discuss also how it looked like. And if you have questions, yeah, what happens? Why does it look like this? We can do this later. But idea is now I just will give you a quick glimpse what you are going to do. And then you execute them. And then if you have questions later, you will have us probably explain it. Then there's actually now we have a short tutorial on PWDK. Thanks a lot to Tony for contributing his wonderful software. And we will use it further, also do more complicated quantities. You have done already this conversion test and so on, using this very nice way of creating loops in tight PWDK scripts. We will use that also for other kind of analysis, which will be again more complicated without the PWDK. And the first example is just, well, equation of states. We will be looking how to calculate the equation of state of a material. The second one will be the adsorption of oxygen on the aluminum 111. So this is very similar to the previous one. So this was the 100 direction of the surface, the 111 would be a different orientation of the surface. And we will be looking the potential energy surface of oxygen at different places of this oxygen laterally on the aluminum 111 surface. And then the third one, this is more elaborate and we have already written in the slides. This is left as a homework. If you want, you can continue. I think the reservation will continue. So you can continue during this session. Also if you have questions, there will be actually a very nice chemistry going on. This CO adsorption on metal surface is chemically very interesting. It has been discussed a lot and there are lots of works on this. So it's very intuitive also chemically. And for those of you who want to look it up, so it's the so-called Blyho the model which was initially proposed to explain the chemistry of the CO adsorption on surfaces. If you want to read something more boring, you can read my thesis. This was one of the topics I was studying during my PhD thesis adsorption of CO on I think it was a ruthenium, ruthenium 001 surface. So that's why also I know this, but actually the example doesn't come from me. The previous edition of school. So these are the three examples here in the final section. So there's some explanation of PWDK, but then there will be the explanation how you would run this calculation of the bulk lattice constant of rhodium in this case, because you saw the third example is rhodium surface, rhodium 100. And this is, now you will be fitting the lattice constant and you will get, while using different analytical forms of the potential energy as a function of the volume. But this is what you will get in the outputs. Then the second example was this oxygen aluminum. Again, here we are going to do a loop using PWDK where this oxygen goes along the surface. And here, maybe I mentioned here, it came already during the previous example. If it was not mentioned already, how you can fix atomic coordinates during the relaxation. And also, I think if it was not mentioned, you can fix during the optimization of the lattice vectors, you can focus on fix one of the lattice vectors, two of the lattice vectors, they are different ways. And you can imagine if you want to optimize for example, the lattice vector of a graphene. So you know it's only a one sheet. So not graphite, but graphene, it's one sheet. And then we had this vacuum between the layers. And even if you would take a large amount of vacuum in the vertical direction to separate the sheets, there is always some residual pressure calculating by PWDKs. And then it would start to modify the amount of vacuum. I don't remember if it would finally, it would try to bring the layers together. So there it's actually preferable to keep the layers apart. And the options in the relaxation, it's so-called the cell do-free option, you can look it that up, that's in the cell section in the input for PWDKs. I just mentioned it here because I think it didn't come before. And the same here, I just show here we, sorry, here we insert the oxygen atom. And I show this. So this is then what you will get actually as a output. So you will get the potential energy of the oxygen when it's laterally at different positions along this aluminum one-on-one surface. This is what you will get as an output. But we want to have the height of the oxygen relaxed during this calculation. And how we can achieve this is that we fix laterally the coordinates. And these are, it's not the inputs for PWX, this is PWDK, but it's the same thing. So you give the three coordinates, no matter in which units. And then you can put three values which are either zero or one. And zero means you fix this coordinate. One means you relax this coordinate. So these are three integers. You can leave them out. This means relax all those. If you specify, I think if you specify one of them, you have to specify all three of them. And they can be only one or zero one. Again, zero means it's fixed. And one means that this coordinate is relaxed. Here we wanted to keep the oxygen laterally fixed for each of these position in the 2D scan of the potential surface, but we want to relax its height. I think the substrate it gets fixed just to keep the calculations fast. And this way, well, we come to this. So at each lateral position, we have vertically relaxed. So we have optimized the height and that's why we have only two independent variables. So that's two lateral coordinates of the oxygen. Again, these are the commands that you can execute. It's better to run remotely because this takes quite a while because you have this double loop again and now you do some relaxation and it's a metallic system and so on. So this was the second. And then the third one was this CO at Soaps and on Rodeon 1-0-0. And this, again, it's left as a home exercise. If you have time, if you are interested, you can do it at the end of this session. We are there to help you if you want. And you will see that you will get some other properties. We can get the density differences, so-called. So this is to analyze how the energy, sorry, how the density, electron density changes when you at Soap, in this case, the CO on the surface. This is then a different quantity. This is kind of energy result changing the electron density. So from one end, sorry, this is not the difference, but you can also see the difference this way. So we take energy range and we calculate all the orbitals that contribute to the density in that energy range, because we have all the eigenvalues and all the k-points. So this is another example that you will be calculating and then you will have the projected density of states, which was calculated already before. And then we have some additional, more complicated way of doing the projection. More complicated way of doing the projection. Here we project the wave functions in our system, so in this case, the adsorbed CO on the metal to the orbitals of the free molecule. And this again can be used to analyze how the chemistry changes upon this adsorption. So this is another quantity, which is nowadays implemented. And it's, well, I would say a relatively easy view. So you will see in the inputs, if you come that far, if you don't manage to do it today, no worries, you can do that later. I mean, either later during this week or then later in your home computing cluster or other machine. But this again for the analysis. And then this is, yeah, the molecule orbitals of the carbon monoxide, so this is the adsorbate. And so the projection here, these are the different orbitals. So for each orbital, you would get its own graph and they all depend on the energy. So for each orbital V, you have this curve as a function of energy. If you have any questions on these quantities, again, this is meant as kind of advanced properties. And this also shows the advanced methods that you can use with the WDK. So now it's, I'm gone through all the exercises. Now it's time for you to start playing. If you haven't done it yet, you can start playing. Again, we will be there to guide you, to help you. If you have any questions, comments, I don't know what it would take now. Soon we will stop the streaming. So this is your last chance. If you have any questions at this point, those who are registered, we will remain there on the Zoom and Slack, but if anyone is there. Okay, so, so, Harry, thank you very much for this wonderful presentation with all these things for practical exercise. So I think we can close the session now and we can all meet in slacks to follow the exercise or for any problem or questions and so on. All the tutors will be there and also, I guess, Harry. For those who are streaming, maybe they can ask some questions. They will be also tutored there. So thank you very much and see you on Slack. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. Goodbye. Goodbye, Harry, again. Bye-bye. Thank you, Tom. Thank you again. Thank you very much. Mari, to you. So we will lose the Zoom, right? I don't know. I mean... Ivan. No, no, no, no, we leave the Zoom on. Yeah, yeah, that's what I thought, yeah.


Rhaid fawr iawn, a fawr iawn o'r FCCJ. Rhaid fawr iawn o'r club a rhaid fawr iawn o'r online. Rhaid fawr iawn, Andy Sharpe. Rhaid fawr iawn o'r review asian. Rhaid fawr iawn o'r fawr iawn, Audrey Tang. Rhaid fawr iawn o'r Minister Digital Taiwan, a 39-year-old former hacker with a reported very high IQ, who at the age of 14 co-founded a computer book publisher and developed a search engine. She went on to become a Silicon Valley consultant for the likes of Apple. Audrey Tang was invited into President Tsaiing Wen's cabinet in 2016 to help boost Taiwan's digital prowess. She's gone on to help lead the country's much-applauded fight against the coronavirus by helping develop apps to spread the distribution of masks and economic stimulus coupons. There's much to discuss. Clearly, China tech is a big issue here. In a recent interview with my colleagues at the Nikkei in Taipei, she said that allowing Chinese equipment into a country's core telecom infrastructure is like inviting a Trojan horse into the network. But anyway, without further ado, I believe Ms Tang is going to make a short speech and we have a bunch of questions already received online and we'll also take questions from the room. So, I'm just to introduce myself, by the way, I'm the moderator. Teddy Jimbo, he's the FCCJ PAC co-chair. OK, over to you. Hello, so my extremely short speech about 30 seconds long is just to introduce the Slido system that we're going to use for this live Q&A. I see there's already seven questions being asked. So, very quickly, I think they will project the Slido link on the screen, but if the tech is still being worked on, you can also manually go to slido.com. That's S-L-I-D-O.com and enter this code. The code is 00727. So, 00727. And so, whether it's by scanning the QR code, hopefully to be projected soon, or by going to slido.com and enter 00727, you can like each other's questions. And the question with the most number of likes will flow to the top and I will answer that first. And if we get all the questions, that's great. And at any given time, of course, you can ask me questions which will appear on the bottom right of the projection screen. And if I cannot get to all the questions by the end of the hour, sorry about that, but if people have anything to ask from the podium, actually I don't see the camera of the person on site. So, the moderator will have to interrupt me during my answer to the online questions so that we can get a good online offline mix. That's my opening presentation. Thank you very much. Okay. So, I guess you want to start by answering some of the questions that's been sent so far on Slido. That's right. So, the top one currently from, sorry if my pronunciation is not perfect, from Ilgin Euromutz from BBC World Turkish. The question was, well, would I advise other governments in how to deal with social media companies when it comes to balancing, set as privacy while maintaining free speech? We believe in Taiwan that free speech is a core value. It's not an instrumental value. Indeed, according to the Civicus Monitor, we're the only jurisdiction in Asia which allows the completely open freedom of speech assembly, the press, and so on. And if you count New Zealand, that's one of the only two in Asia Pacific. And so, in our norm, it's not about takedown. We don't believe in takedown. We believe that a journalist where it should always work the same as a minister's work actually more. And so, the point is not allowing the administration to kind of collaborate with social media companies to take down anything, but to rather work out a way for people who see this information as defined as intentional untruths to do public harm the entities of journalism. People can flag it very easily. And so, for example, I'll use a metaphor. Maybe you've noticed that in your email inbox, if you receive an email saying that, I don't know, they're a royalty. They have like 10,000 big coins and they want to wire you if you just pay this small deposit and so on is a scam, by the way. And so, you would probably flag it as fun. And that is the norm in the internet governance. Basically, email is supposed to be private. But if you flag something as fun, you donate the signature, the signature print of that email so that people who receive similar email in the future, they still receive the email but it goes to the spam mail, the junk mail folder, rather than the inbox that is to say it doesn't pay to send spam after a sufficient number flagged it because it stops wasting people's time. And so, similarly, when people flag things on the, for example, line, which is an end-to-end encryption channel as a scam or a spam, it gets sent to the international fact-checking network members in Taiwan Dears 2, the MicroPen and the Taiwan Fact-checking Centre. And they make sure that they flag things as a scam or as disinformation as soon as possible. And the role of the government is just to make sure that we, once we detect that there is such a trending disinformation, not only do we with journalists so that they can do a public attribution so that people understand it is actually not true when they see it online or on the Facebook media and so on, but we also roll out counter-missages that are true up to what we understand and then packaged in a very funny way. And this is what we call humor over rumour because a lot of conspiracy theory travel on outrage and if we publish something that is very funny, literally a person cannot simultaneously feel joy and outrage about the same thing. And so because of that, people who have seen, for example, our Premier wiggling his butt saying that there's no need to panic by teaching papers because we only have one pair of butt each and by the way, teacher papers are of different material than medical masks so ramping on medical masks doesn't hurt teacher paper production. That's very funny and has a higher R value than the original conspiracy theory and so that is the idea of humor over rumour and partnering with journalists and fact-checking organisations and social media companies basically conform to this norm by doing notice and public notice. Okay, thank you. Maybe we can go on to the next question on your list from Pio. Okay, Pio from Italy. Yes. And the question is, do I think the world can survive without Chinese technology and I think Pio doesn't mean paper but rather Huawei. And so I think in Taiwan as actually the moderator have already mentioned during the sunflower movement in 2014 there's half a million people on the screen online deliberating each and every aspect of the cross-strait service and trade agreement or CSSDA and one of the aspects was this very issue and it's not about any particular company though. The issue was about whether we want to allow PRC components in our then new 4G infrastructure and the consensus on the street later ratified by the National Communication Commission and National Security Council is now and the reason is not that they're inferior or that they necessarily come with malice or whatever but rather with the realization that there is no private sector organization in the PRC when the need comes the state can always make a de facto state owned by searching and replacing leadership and so basically that says each time we upgrade even though the previous version that we installed have passed cybersecurity scrutiny we will have to do that over again because there's no telling whether there are state owned or de facto state owned actors trying to be at this upgrade to install new backdoors into the system and so the total cost of ownership of maintenance is deemed too high compared to other vendors and so because of that starting from 4G that's 2014 we did not use any PRC components in the core infrastructure and what little there were I think were all replaced by 2016 and so obviously we survived not only the pandemic and infodemic but we have pretty good 5G connection I'm holding a 5G phone using this is LG technology I think as we speak and so obviously we're doing fine not only surviving but thriving Okay thank you I'm going to open this to the room as well for any questions so please raise your hands if you have anything but let me ask one question first it's a question sent by email from Peter Elstrom at Bloomberg News he asks do you think there is a justification for governments around the world to tighten controls or ban social media apps such as TikTok and WeChat and are there specific security risks that those apps pose to users? Yeah in Taiwan I think there is a big distinction between the social sanction which is a very strong power for example Facebook during our election in 2018 the mayoral election because our control branch as a separate branch of the government published for the first time the raw data of campaign donation and expense people independently discovered by people I mean investigative journalists independently discovered that there is a large swath campaign donation expense that's not filed to the control branch and these are social media advertisements precision targeted advertisements and of course Facebook at that time there was no disclosure of the kind of the control branch the radical transparency that we did and so there's a social backlash people were saying that the Facebook by not disclosing it to the control and standards and the democracy by allowing extra judicial donations to the campaign sponsorships to the campaigns and that has a detrimental effect on the democracy and because of that the control norms which is too right first only domestic citizens get to donate and second each and every raw expense item is published we basically had a public conversation around it, the transcript of which is online with all the social media companies and we agreed on a norm on a counter disinformation self-regulation principle and the implicit outside game is always of course that if Facebook doesn't publish its advertisements library, its ads library to the same degree or more as compared to the control union even though that we may not have the legal instruments to shut down Facebook or to dispel Facebook people would feel that Facebook is actively working against our democracy and so we boycott Facebook and that's what I call social sanction and so by the presidential election this year they basically implemented the same control union norms and published in the ads library in real time for people to fact check working with investigative journalists and so that is the kind of norm conversations that we've had and of course Google and Twitter simply refrain from running advertisements for questions like this instead of saying like we should outright ban it or that we should allow it getting a social norm a social outrage if you will about the kind of threat that we could have on democracy and negotiating a safe norm and so making sure that international companies conform to that norm in an auditable, countable fashion that is preferred and only if they refuse to negotiate only if they refuse to conform to a norm do we go to the social sanction route and eventually the state action route Okay thank you Questions from the room? Yes Nakano san? My name is Nakano, I'm freelance Thank you Minister, thank I have two questions just let me hear what's going on in Taiwan these days is there any digital gap between generations in Taiwan and my second question is do many people have difficulty accepting the digitisation of the society in Taiwan? Sorry, sorry I didn't get the second question Okay, do old people elderly people have difficulty accepting the digitisation of society in Taiwan? Okay, thank you Yeah, there's just a I think NPR in New York Times piece about how a Taiwanese couple in their 80s becomes Instagram's newest fashion influencers they own a laundry shop in Central Taiwan and became Instagram stars by kind of posing as models the laundry that their customers never picked up and so they run a very successful Instagram campaign and so the point I'm trying to make is that this is a lifelong learning process this is not necessarily that the elderly people are not digitally competent it's just that if we shape the conversations so that we encourage everybody to learn and the technologies in Taiwan basically says that we need to adapt to the societal needs it's not asking a certain population to come to technology rather it is us the technology is conforming to what a societal expectation the societal norms of technologies are so I just mentioned 5G when we're deploying 5G there's an option on the spectrum there's a lot of extra money that we can allocate and we allocate it to the places where the 4G connections are least utilized specifically around in more rural areas in the places with a higher average age of population and to focus on education that's lifelong learning and health and these are the two things that all age groups feel passionate about and so yes of course there is some digital gap but it is actually not as severe as most other places because we have broadband as a human right we have digital opportunity centers and most importantly we emphasize lifelong learning around especially education and health areas and so that's the main idea and the other thing I want to bring upon is that like my own grandma 87 years old I consult her all the time when we're designing new digital services like the mask rationing you can pre-order masks using your national health insurance card on any local chaos by any local convenience store of which there's more than 20,000 in Taiwan and so my grandma suggested that I consult her younger friend who is 77 years old and grandma Yang her friend told me a lot of things for example that we should pay over the counter rather than to the ATM because a lot of the elderly people associate ATM with scan and so that we really need to allow cash based payment when you're pre-ordering the mask on the convenience stores and many other small things like that and so I think the wisdom of the elders are also very important when we're designing digital services OK, thank you Take another question here online It's from Anthony Rowley at the SCMP As I mentioned in my opening remarks you said in the NICA interview that allowing Chinese equipment into a country's infrastructure is like inviting a Trojan horse in Why do you think this and how exactly does this work? Yeah and I was simply relaying the rough consensus of the 2014 occupiers so it's not my view it's what the occupiers feel at the time and then ratified by the National Security Council and National Communication Commission and how does that work? Well if you install certain components no matter whether it's software or hardware of course you do a security audit but then necessarily in an emergency situation for example when it's out of service or whether there's just a security vulnerability that's discovered and disclosed you will probably have to update that piece of software and firmware and even hardware from the vendor and the main idea around the occupying 2014 was that we never know at which point would the CCP through its party branches installed in all the large local privately owned enterprises did do a swap of the leadership and take de facto control of the private enterprise so that they become de facto state owned so every time you upgrade you have to do another systemic risk assessment which could be done but the feeling at a time is that the risk is too high and the total cost of ownership too high we would be better to work with other vendors from liberal democratic countries ok, thank you now I'm just going to put up this take a picture of this for the audience please it's for questions to Ms Tang on Slido HTTPS nifon slash slash sli dot do slash 00727 and I'm using it here now and it's very clear and easy to use so people at home if you want to send a question please use this this link ok, thank you ok, another question to come in by on Slido it's from Patrick Velter at FAZ at German Media with the economic quarrel between the US and the People's Republic of China do you expect that companies will leave China and move to Taiwan or elsewhere ok the first time I've seen PRC spelled PR space China interesting spelling so I think there's two things the first is that we're already seeing companies that thrive only on free speech for example, media companies the journalism workers they are already setting up their headquarters in Taiwan and either moving from Hong Kong or moving from PRC to Taiwan and the people who hold for example the Oslo Freedom Forum choose Taiwan as their base indeed the reporter without borders reporter Sanfotir choose Taiwan as their original headquarter and all of this of course is recognizing the fact that in Taiwan a journalist's word is worth at least the same or if not more compared to a minister's word and you will not get quote harmonize unquote or quote disappear unquote if you say something that hurts the image of a minister that's just good journalism and so I think anything that thrives on free speech anything that thrives on what we call a permissionless innovation including many more interesting FinTech including DEFI distributed finance companies and so on I think that Taiwan is a better place even though that their innovations may not be restrained to Taiwan only Taiwan offers a really good sandbox for people to experiment there and that includes also what we call digital nomad who can hold Taiwan Goat Card you can check it out at TaiwanGoatCard.com and there's I think by this time almost a thousand now people holding these three year resident and work permits and they don't have to find an employer they can work for themselves or an international company and so on but just enjoy Taiwan as a safe and free space and so many people visit just by visitors this tourism and so on and they decide they like it and they're a foreign talent and they just apply for the Goat Card and just convert their six months trip into a three year state and we're seeing a lot of that going from the direction of PRC as well Okay, thank you Another question from Slido here, it's from Cantaro Suzuki, a freelance reporter He's asking, were there any cyber attacks from China during the recent Taiwanese presidential election and if so can you tell us how you blocked these attacks? What is cyber attacks literally every hour and so the question is yes, no matter which day you ask and fortunately most of those attacks were sorted automatically by the defense in depth system that we deployed and so it did not really interfere the presidential election although there's a lot of disinformation campaigns which are not strictly speaking cyber attacks in the traditional cybersecurity sense but there were specifically around anti-elab protests in Hong Kong we have seen concerted disinformation campaigns in the Taiwanese social media for example there was one last November that tries to portray the young people who go to the street in Hong Kong as quote, sucks that gets paid to $100,000 to murder police unquote and they even use a Reuters photo but the Reuters photo said the caption initially said nothing of that sort so they just swapped a different caption saying that this 13 years old bought new iPhones because they went down the street getting paid like mercenaries and things like that of course it's completely untrue and it's really making the round on the Taiwanese social media and again we did a public attribution notice and public attribution notice thanks to the help by the international fact checking network in particular Taiwan fact check center and who traced the original post to the weibo of the Zhongyang Zhengfa way of the central political and law unit of the CCP and that's very interesting because it's not covert, it's not like traditional cyber security attack it's right there on their weibo maybe they did not pay for the license from the Reuters photographer and simply just use a new caption to sow discord and spread this information so there's a lot of that and you can check Taiwan fact check center and my go pen and so on for a list of things there's one about invisible ink provided by the CIA and quote if you vote for Han your ink will disappear and replace by the invisible ink that appears for Dr Tsaiing when I quote and of course the way to bunk those is very simply encourage youtubers to record and livestream even the counting process because we are using paper ballot we use the counting process inviting journalists to film from all the different slides and so if there is invisible ink I'm sure that it will get discovered and so on and so forth so there's a lot of overt work on this information but I think it's proved to be much less impactful in the presidential election compared to the mayor election partly because the social media agreed on the counter disinformation norms okay thank you my next question is from Martin Cawling he's a correspondent for Handel's Blatt a German financial paper he's saying that in Germany and Japan the voluntary apps for tracking have been a failure so far and the approaches by Taiwan and South Korea have been rejected because of privacy concerns what is your answer to that there's a saying anything that's in place when I'm born is human nature and anything that's introduced after I'm born is called technology and so in Taiwan democracy is the technology and paraphrasing that we could say that any measures that's already taken by the state before the pandemic is considered norm and any measure that's introduced only after the pandemic would be considered novel and so in Taiwan for example the digital fans relied on a system that's already in place and that's advanced earthquake and flood warnings so that people in certain regions will receive an automated cell broadcast or a SMS like seconds before a major earthquake happening or that if they're in a vulnerable place a flood when there's typhoon or a heavy rain indeed last night I just received one because of the earthquake giving me plenty of time by plenty I mean maybe a few seconds to find some place solid and so because that's already in place this geofence SMS delivery is already in place so when we repurpose that so that people who return to Taiwan can choose either to go to a quarantine hotel or if you decide to stay home if they have a bathroom of their own and they don't live with people in the vulnerable groups they can choose to place their phone instead under quarantine that is the digital fans and whenever the phone escapes the roughly 50 meter radius it's not GPS it's the cell phone tower broadcasting triangulation just like receiving a SMS of earthquake warning their phone and nearby household managers as well police receive such a SMS and they will check their whereabouts and so because of that the system is already quite well understood before the pandemic when we repurpose that people feel that it is a narrow, deep intrusion to privacy but it's clearly time limited and it goes away after 14 days and we do not collect new data and so that is filled as okay so I think every jurisdiction need to look at 12 kits that's already in place before the pandemic and see if you can use a different configuration in an appropriate technology manner so that people understand already how it works the greenfield code that is to say code that's produced after the pandemic of course will always face a stronger scrutiny because there was no previous audits okay thank you another question here and it's also partly something that I want to ask myself where do you see the East Asian countries such as Taiwan, Japan China, South Korea on the digitisation ladder I mean how do these countries compare to each other and how do they compare to places such as the EU and the EUS because there's a lot of concern here in Japan about how Japan has been in some ways slow to digitise especially and this has come up with the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan we see the digitalisation project not as one ladder but as four ladders and it's very easy to remember the four ladders are called digitisation, innovation governance and inclusion and the acronym is of course DG easy to remember and they talk about different aspects digitisation talks about often as human right talks about the 5G infrastructure talks about the fact that most services provided by the government has a digital equivalent the innovation calls about presidential hackathon about sandboxes about the kind of freedom to innovate even in a more or less disruptive way and that's the innovation part and the governance part talks about regulatory technology the RECTAC the government's own way of getting a rough consensus from the people, from the stakeholders that's affected by the innovations so that we can come up with new norms that can then guide the technology so that it works with people or even after the people rather than just four people and finally the inclusion part talks about the digital opportunity centre talks about intergenerational solidarity talks about how we're working to right the wrongs of the social injustice and so on using technologies that empower people closest to the suffering rather than in a way that excludes them from conversation so that includes for example participation by people who are not of the voting age or even ways like the civil IoT infrastructure that makes air or water or mountains oceans previously represented in the democratic conversation to represent them in the democratic conversation and so these are four very different pillars and it's hard to make a linear projection, linear conversation because it's all about the societal priorities and I don't think there's right or wrong about these and in Taiwan we try to make sure that all those four pillars support each other rather than detract from each other and cause polarised heated debates between the different pillars that is to say the way to connect those pillars is what I'm focusing on not making one pillar particularly high to the detriment of the other cultures, this is called transculturalism. Just to follow up quickly there and then I'll come to you in one second please would you have any advice for lawmakers and policy makers in Japan on how to improve the digitalisation process here? Well I think that one, we're conscious of not making this about kind of paperless or CO less or things like that, it's not about removing the previous ways of doing things, there's always more than one way to do it so just the triple stimulus voucher have no less than four different variants depending on the payment method and more than three methods of collecting even just the paper part. And so the point here that I'm making is that if you work with the stakeholders across different generations you will find ways that doesn't take away from anyone like in the National Palace Museum Twgong in Taiwan, we work on to improve the ticketing process to reduce queuing. Previously they found that the elderly people insist on queuing with paper ticket rather than using QR code for the ticketing process like the high speed rails. It's not that elderly people doesn't like QR codes, it's that after interviews we discovered they really like this paper ticket because they can take it home to put in their diaries to share with their families on dinner tables that the token, this paper token really met us and after we did this interview we discovered they'll be perfectly happy if after using QR codes to very quickly into the museum, they can collect the receipt and nobody says the receipt has to be dull and uninteresting. It could be gold-plated, it could have their name on it, it could have any number of beautiful design including QR code that you can scan and bring to your grandchildren's island on a popular Nintendo Switch game and things like that and which by the way the National Palace Museum actually do. And so this kind of intergenerational co-creation workshop is the key in producing digitalisation project that doesn't make anyone feel that they have been left behind and that is the key here. Okay, thank you. Question overhead please. Hello, my name is Kondo from Gendai Business Japan. My question is that the Chinese government seems that the internet is a tool for controlling 1.4 billion Chinese people and what do you think of this policy and it will succeed? Thank you. Thank you. We have seen that previous attempts at totalitarian government is at most sub-totalitarian because there was no sufficient technologies to ensure a total tracking of people. Now in places like Xinjiang of course we are seeing that the prototypes of a truly total not just sub-total totalitarian surveillance regime is being worked on and so my main point here is that in Taiwan because we are a liberal democracy we see things through a human right and democracy lens and so these attempts for example in Xinjiang that I just alluded to is basically prompting all the sectors in Taiwan social sector people the hacktivists but also people in a private sector and so on to look at these applications and technologies and serves as a really strong reminder that we should not go there and this is also why we have such a strong societal norm for example against takedowns and lockdowns by the way and that is because we just look at the takedowns the surveillance censorship regime the great firewall and into a great canon and say that we should totally not go there so in a interesting sense it actually made consensus easier to reach in a Taiwan political discussion when it's about emerging technology because people can just bring out a argument saying what you're doing censorship of the internet are we going to the root of the PRC and that proposal became a non-sata okay thank you a couple of geopolitical questions have come in online here too so I'll probably ask you them both together now unfortunately we don't have this person's name for this one but this person asks about hearing about Huawei spying for the Chinese Communist Party especially Mr Trump sorry making these claims but we've not seen any proof presented what would you say about this first my first question there as I said in the very beginning I'm not making any comments about any specific companies indeed when we talk about the 4G and the sunflower rough consensus the conversation on the street is not about specifically Huawei or ZTE or any companies it's about a systemic risk assessment of the defect of control of the state from the PRC government to their so-called private sector companies and so that is our main argument and my main message to people around the world I do not as a rule comment on specific companies okay thank you and following up there with a question from someone called Tom very simple question when do you think China will invade Taiwan well I think that is a question to PRC leadership that is certainly not a question from us I have no idea I cannot over answer that question okay understandable as well okay George got a question from the room now hello Mr Ong I'm working for Swiss Radio and Television can you talk a little bit about your own career and about your priorities today as Minister of Digitisation to promote the development of the software industry in Taiwan and to make it as competitive or even more competitive as in China or in the US thank you my own upbringing is as a moderator I have introduced an entrepreneur and later on work as an open source movement consultant to large companies including Apple so that they can work more in the open and the idea here is very simply that open innovation works better than closed room innovation when it comes to software because one of the key of software is that making new software is very easy maintaining software in the face of changing society is very costly and if we can empower all the citizens of software to become co-creators rather than just users who often connote a very I don't know addictive way of relationship to technology there are some other industry that also use the term users we need to rethink the relationship of software making and people who use the software and so because of that my job description I think very clearly explains the priorities that I have in mind and so I'll just simply read my job description which is very short and it goes like this when we see the internet of things let's make it an internet of beings when we see virtual reality let's make it a shared reality when we see machine learning let's make it collaborative learning when we see user experience let's make it about human experience and when we hear that a singularity is near that is always remember the plurality is here okay thank you okay we've got a question here following up on the internet of things again from Anthony Roly at the SCMP has 5G made it easier to access the internet of things from outside granting others access to vital control systems not necessarily because the information flow can be configured in various different ways for example in Taiwan there's a lot of people voluntarily putting air boxes that is very cheap less than 100 US dollars PM 2.5 and other air quality detectors on the balconies on the primary schools to teach kids the digital competence so that they become data producers, data stewards rather than just consumers of data and so that is of course a great educational tool but it also enabled us to have a very complete structure of moving this to other for example water pollution sensing and mask availability level as a one it enables the entire community the entire society to collaboratively do sense making about things but it relies on the ideas of a distributed ledger that everybody can just write to append to without taking control of anybody else's numbers that is to say it is just a way for data to grow into a ledger structure without relinquishing any source code algorithmic and control or things like that is a commons in a data collaborative for all to use and if you configure it this way then there's no risk of people interfering with the control systems of the larger for example environmental sensors or the industrial processes and so on because people just write to this this should the ledger and the use of that ledger is governed by its own logic according to each and every collaborator in the data collaborative and so there are ways to design the data flow such that it is minimized by its very importance to look at into the 5G specification and see where do we want to place the computing is it at the edge is it at the data centers it is something between is the federated learning is it about protection of private data using differential privacy or for the homomorphic encryption or open algorithms or things like that and in Taiwan we're looking to establish just as Japan recently did a dedicated data protection authority that is independent from any ministries that can look at those mathematical cryptographic building materials and suggest the best way to configure those okay thank you another question here from Nishimoto from the Asahi Shimbun a Japanese newspaper you're communicating obviously now through the world online how would how to you does you know online communication compare with face-to-face communication what is the advantage of online and what is the advantage of face-to-face well the advantage of online is two fold right first that we can see each other more clearly without wearing a medical mask and nowadays and the second thing is that it reduces carbon footprint also very important and speaking personally because I adjust jet lag very slowly it also is much better than long distance flight because on average it takes me one day or more to adjust for one hour of jet lag difference but that's just selfish reason the other two are public benefit in any case the point I'm making is that mostly we can replace the knowledge sharing part of face-to-face gatherings using online conference as we're having now or even in virtual reality where we can share knowledge about three-dimensional spatial objects and buildings and simulations and things like that I even had a conversation with people in the primary and secondary schools by shrinking my own avatar in virtual reality to the same height as the kids and that really made them much more eager to interact with me because I don't look a meter and 80 centimeters high anymore and so these are the great thing about online is that you can transcend physical and acoustic rules but of course there's parts of face-to-face that are not replaceable for example the face-to-face conversations that is around understanding what people feels like is very important and in face-to-face conversations we often make for example food and drinks and music and things like that and making sure that we can feel that we are not only in the same place talking about same things but feeling the same and that is harder to replicate in an online way although I guess we can order the same pizza delivery beforehand and have the same beer or something it could of course be a range and approximated but it's not as natural as people are gathering in the same face-to-face place because we never had a locked down what we have seen is that people avoid large gatherings during the pandemic so we see educational facilities encourage some kind of satellite structure where people gather in preferably outdoor place keeping one meter distance so we don't have a wear a mask having food enjoying drink together and using large projectors or virtual reality to connect to many more such places so you can have the best of both worlds indeed I'm working in the park in the social innovation lab so if you look out of the door you can see people just holding such outdoor gatherings at any given time they can just go through this place and look into out there look into my office and see very transparently how I'm working why I'm working but at the same time we can amplify these face-to-face conversations to various different municipalities using 5G technology even to the most rural and highest mountains so that people can also feel that they are in this co-creation workshop no matter how remote they are so I think it's eminently possible to make the best of both worlds happen if you design the interaction space appropriately okay thank you another question here from Ilgin at BBC World Turkish she says where did your heart lie and do you miss your earlier life as a conservative anarchist okay my heart does not lie well I'm a slushie so I am at once digital minister that's my day job but I'm also moonlighting as a civic hacker not only for mass availability but also for example with a public buttering creator of the Ethereum blockchain and Glenn Weil Danielle Allen and so on and we have a start-up really MPO a such innovation organization called Radical Exchange in New York and I'm a board member I'm also a board member of Digital Future Society in Barcelona of Council of Democracy Foundation in Amsterdam and that's the original Madrid decision-making after the 15M so very much civic hacker organizations and as long as I don't take a salary from those organizations as long as they are not for profit and as long as the Premier, the Prime Minister, feels that it furthers our digital diplomacy they are okay with me moonlighting as a civic hacker while being a digital minister so I see myself as a channel as a bridge as a Lagrange point between civic movements on one side and governments on the other and as the Lagrange point between the earth and the moon there are three such points and two more behind the earth and behind the moon I'm in a place where I can more effortlessly balance between the movements and the governments and find a common purpose common value despite your initially very different positions okay thank you we have a question here about the your mask app it's from Riho Izawa at NTV Japan what was the most difficult thing regarding creating and using the application such as the mask app or the mask map sorry when you were trying to deal with Covid-19 initially in Taiwan what was the biggest challenge in creating such apps given that obviously Covid-19 came very quickly well as I said because the civic hackers already had experiences working with the air pollution map working with the water boxes and so on the code is already there we just need to repurpose it with a new real time news feed an API an application programming interface for the mask availability which the national health insurance agency provided very quickly and it's updated every time every 30 seconds so that's not a hard part the most challenging part actually is in the negative externalities that it caused the pharmacists because as soon as we rolled out the mask availability mask map we see that the pharmacists who swipe the NHI card and then hand out the mask praising that it's working very well but there are also pharmacists that choose a different strategy they say that you can get a numbered batch a numbered card from the pharmacy in exchange of your NHI card and they just hand out those numbered plates very quickly and then start to swipe the NHI card in bulk and so it will create a couple of hours in which they are just slowly doing this NHI card swiping and telling the people who have those numbers to collect in the afternoon for example so that the mask will show that they still have in store but actually they have already rationed out all the mask of the day using a number of plates and so those pharmacists are actually quite upset of the map because map is inaccurate and actually increased their work because people would just call them saying that why are their discrepancies are keeping the mask for yourself and even though they are volunteer they were not getting paid and so this conflict is solved quite quickly because that we have a weekly iteration cycle so when the pharmacist says okay we will announce the availability hours, the schedules and you need to make an additional field in an open API for that we just adjust very quickly and eventually we also develop a back end button so that each pharmacist can just click that button and disappear from the map which they will do if they handed out all the numbered plates and so on and so this is truly a co-creation process and there is a crack in everything that the light gets in Okay, good. Do you have any more questions from the room? Okay, I will go to the next online question It's from Rick Weisburd from ELSS How can democracies effectively deal with threats that unfold over long periods despite relatively short cycles of elections and of course corporate strategy? Well, I would argue that cycles of elections are too long for real-time feedback In Taiwan during the pandemic we have the central epidemic command center doing daily life broadcasted press conferences such as this one where the journalists ask anything they want and the minister always respond to each and every single one of them and if you do this daily iteration cycle plus a toll free number 1922 where everybody can call and not only get their question answered but also correct the parts that we did wrong, for example there's a young boy whose family called saying that my boy doesn't want to go to school because you only ration pink medical mask to our district and we don't have other color of mask and our boy said that he will be bullied and so the very next day in the daily press conference all the medical officers start wearing pink and the minister of health and welfare was his childhood hero in a way of gender mainstreaming I'm sure and suddenly the boy is the most hip person because only he has the color that the heroes are wearing and so the point of this daily rather than every four years iteration is that the social sector can bond together and instead of just criticizing they can offer constructive ways alternative visions forking the government and merge on a daily cycle just as in open source development and so if you have a short enough iteration then the threats that unfold over long periods will get the collective intelligence sensing it long before it actually become a large problem for example when Dr Lee Wenliang, the whistleblower from Wuhan posted that there are quote seven new SARS cases in a local seafood market within 24 hours it gets to the PTT the local equivalent of red here and it gets up voted so our medical officers take that into action imagine what would happen if it would take us a year or so to notice that post that would be have been impossible so the way Dr Lee Wenliang became literally a savior of Taiwanese population is having a collective intelligence mechanism and have a really short iteration cycle noticing it into sensemaking into triaging into starting health inspections for all flights coming from the very next day, the first day of January of this year so short iterations, quick merging of alternative visions from the civil society, a strong and robust social sector I think these are the ways that democracies can effectively deal with threats that are advanced and persistent okay thank you we have another question here from what is your message to Japan given that it seems now to be in the midst of a second wave of the COVID-19 virus with increasing numbers of infections every day well don't panic that's always the most important right and in Taiwan we have a really a very calm Minister Minister Chen Shi Zhong that appears every day so even though there were panic like panic buying of tissue papers which was solved with a meme panic buying of instant noodles which was solved with another brilliant meme that says there is endless instant noodles by as much as you want and add some vegetables to it so you have a balanced diet this whole point of making sure that people can remix those messages into a way that's calm collected and even humorous is very important to make sure that people don't panic and once they don't panic they have some mental capacity to understand some epidemiology and working with people who are closest to the suffering I will use one example in Taiwan there was a day when there was a confirmed case and the confirmed case said that she stayed at home with no contact to people a very simple family and so on there's no way that she would get infected by the COVID but the medical offices keep on interviewing and the next day with this government works in a kind of intimate bar as a professional service provider in that intimate bar and she initially provided a different account because she didn't want to review the people that she had intimate encounters with in that intimate bar as a professional and so at that point many people were saying that we should just shut down any like night clubs intimate bars and so on but minister Chen Shizong insist on saying no we're not putting them any criminal threats they're not criminals they're professionals and we're not threatening them even with the closure fines we're challenging them to discover ways that they can continue their business while observing physical distancing and real contact that is to say people have to file the way to contact them if there is really a virus outbreak and at the time it was met with some ridicule because people saw the entire point of intimate bars is to break the physical and there really is no way that people would consent of leaving their real contact details to the intimate bars but this is like the pygmalone effect if you expect a civil society to come up with innovations eventually they do so there are some intimate bars that then discover that if you wear a cap with a plastic shielding then you can still have a clear view of the people who drink with you and even have drinks while observing the physical distancing rules and if you keep only on paper your contact phone number but under a pseudonym and if you physically shred that paper after four weeks of no local outbreak then people actually trust them enough to actually leave their contact details and you can do SMS or line to check that it's actually their number before they enter so they eventually rose up to the challenge and become part of our conversation about counter coronavirus pandemic and so instead of casting any group as outside us, I think it's important to work with each and every group even though they're currently not capable of coming up with physical distancing rules and so on the belief is that they eventually would and once they do the municipalities eventually require them to say which rules they're implementing and then based on that accountability then they're allowed to reopen and that's just a one of the very a lot of bignets into the Taiwanese counter coronavirus but I hope this conveys the idea of co-creation OK, I think that brings us to the end of the hour so thank you very much for your time Audrey, much appreciated we're going to send you by email a one year honorary membership to the FCCJ so when you are allowed to come to Japan wherever that may be we do hope you come and have a drink with us in the bar and tell some more of your stories OK, arigata gozaim washa and live long and prosper OK, thank you very much indeed Thank you


Sssss… Let's drunk. Even as late as 1999, people were still churning out beat'em ups. Here we've got Gaia Crusaders, a very solid, yet paint-by-numbers beat'em up made by Noise Factory in 1999. Right at first glance, I thought this was an SNK game that fell through the cracks, and as it turns out, Noise Factory collaborated with SNK quite a bit in the early 2000s, working on titles like Rage of the Dragons and Sengoku 3. odd is that by 99, demand for beat'em ups was way, way down. Yet here we are with a solidly well made beat'em up, hey I'll take it. You get one button to jump, one to punch, one to kick, and one to use a special orb that enemies drop. You can also dash by hitting forward twice toward an enemy, and it's real easy to juggle enemies as well once you get them in the air, just keep flipping between punches and kicks. Or you can just press punch kick and jump all at the same time to do a huge special attack. One token gives you three lives to get through seven levels, you continue right where you died, with the option of switching to another character. So in other words, this game is extremely forgiving for an arcade game. The power-ups you can collect even hang around for something like 10 or 15 seconds just to make sure you get a chance to pick them up. That's not to say there isn't some classic arcade cheapness here though. Like when you get to these three skeletons in level two, you can't even get close to these things without taking damage, so you have to use up all your special ability orb things. There's also blind traps you can unwittingly wander into before the screen even has a chance to scroll. There's five playable characters to start with. Here we've got Cody from Final F- I mean Terry Boga, I mean Jimmy. And then there's Cohen, a priestess who's fast, strong, and packs a wallop but takes a ton of damage. What's she got there? A burrito? There's the wizard Kofu. He's pretty slow, but his magic and defense are both his strengths. There's Fred who's really fast and is capable of landing some fun combos.  It has the best defense but barely does any damage with its attacks. The really cool twist in Gaia Crusaders is that the further you progress, you can unlock two more playable characters you come across. Two bosses you fought earlier, one has a ton of strength, and the other has powerful magic. So that's really cool. Although, uh, the sword seems to be a bit redundant there. Dude, your arms are already swords. If I could describe this game in one word, it would be crisp. The hit detection is exactly as it should be. The controls are optimized and simple, the graphics are extremely clean looking, especially some of the enemy sprites you come across that really look awesome, and all the settings throughout the game look fantastic. Like the second level here where you're inside whatever this is. The special moves also look really cool.   Damn, that just looks cool as hell.  To be fair, you have to be right on top of your partner to do damage, so it's definitely not a deal breaker or anything. There's also a story here with some real quality English. Well, not so much English as it is a bunch of words just thrown in a blender. 20XX Peaceful Earth Conquered by Evil Satan, Air of Lost Kingdom, All Nature, Evilized by Dark Power, what as opposed to Good Satan? I love the word Evilized, it sounds like a song title I would have come up with for my crappy metal band at junior high. The point is, the world is ending, you gotta save it by collecting the Seven Tears of Gaia. Let's fight for your destiny. Okay, let's. So yeah, Gaia Crusaders is a good time, especially for a two player beat-em-up. The game cuts a really quick pace and never wears out its welcome. It's not gonna measure up to stuff like Final Fight or the Streets of Rage series, or other arcade classics like Alien vs. Predator or X-Men, but this is still a well-made game that's got plenty of beat-em-up ridiculousness. We've all gotten accustomed to over the years, like these ash trays that hold brains or the incredible Hulk inexplicably showing up.  That's the best. Gaia Crusaders never got an official home port anywhere, so this is another game you gotta play anyway you can. Alright, I want to thank you for watching, and I hope you have a great rest of your day.