So thank you for joining this bird of a feather session. The idea is that I'll do a short intro presentation. He has to set the stage for hopefully, I will not take up more than five, ten minutes. And then I really hope that we together can share our experiences of how we as OSPOS can engage with the legal department, how we can form long and lasting relationships. That sort of stretches beyond just that I know someone in the legal department. They know me, sort of how can we formalize that and put that into a structure within companies. I really don't have all the answers. So I'm really grateful to see people here to discuss this and share experiences and share sort of what could be possible best practices. But I'll sort of start very briefly here. My name is Jim Oberg. I work for the Ericsson OSPO and a little bit of a confession. I'm a lawyer by training. But trust me, I tried to spend my entire career getting away from that profession. That's now with the OSPO instead. So being from Telco, I like standards. And having never hosted a birds of a feather session before, I figured I wonder if there's any standards or anything sort of best practices for this. So I went and found the IETF, the Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC for how you do a bird of a feather session. And a little bit of a funny story. My manager, he's an IETF guy. So I do joke with him that, well, IETF, you guys never do anything useful. So when I found this, I'm like, oh, this is actually useful. So I sent it to him and like, oh, look, IETF actually did something useful. I retract what I said previously. So then, of course, he said, well, obviously, you haven't done your research carefully enough. If you had done that, you would have found a much newer, much better RFC on how to host a bird of a feather session that I authored. So he sent me that. So I read this, and hopefully we're a little bit inspired in the process here. So also, in terms of open source awareness in the legal department, I think this is at least my experience of how it started. You're typically in the denial phase in the legal department. Either we don't know what the open source is. And if we do, we don't use open source in this company. We don't. Well, you pretty soon move on from that to realize, oh, we are using open source. This is the risk. Why have no one told me about this risk? Why have no one told me how I can manage this risk? So you move into the anger stage, or the legal department does. Then, sort of entering the bargaining stage, could we please stop using open source? I would make my life in the legal department so much simpler if I didn't have to manage this. Of course, as everyone here knows, we're not going to stop using open source. That's not viable. That's never going to happen. So you enter the depression stage of we are so screwed because we can't figure out this open source thing from the legal department. Hopefully, you advance from there and sort of into the acceptance stage. We're, okay, we just need to be smart about it and develop strategies and processes for managing open source. I think sort of, at least in my case, I constantly go back and forth between the acceptance stage and the depression stage because I learn new things and realize we don't have the processes for that. So we're screwed until we have developed the strategies and processes for it. And I'm gonna start now with sort of the interactive session here by asking all of you a question. What's your job? Is everyone here with an Ospo? Lucky guy. But I think sort of, even if outside or in an Ospo, I mean, there's a number of roles you will have. And sort of the way I viewed them is that for me, I'm a lawyer, but I also act as a guardian. I'm an enabler of us doing open innovation and doing open source. I'm a bit of a problem solver for the processes and stuff that we have. Sometimes psychologist, sometimes technologist, sometimes a gardener in the sense that I need to build an ecosystem and build a community internally and let that grow. Sometimes an interpreter between the legal department and the engineers. And sometimes a bit of a cultural anthropologist. I, you know, you study this weird tribe of open source developers. What's their culture? How do they engage? And the same sort of studying the tribe of lawyers in the legal department. What do they do? So with that, we could move into sort of the funds part of this. Sort of what are your experiences of how you engage with the legal department? How do you form that relationship? What should it look like? Perhaps your Ospo is hosted with the legal department. That makes things simpler. Perhaps you have someone from the legal department working part-time with you. If we could get the mic out in the audience if someone would like to start sharing experiences. In the meantime, I can sort of share my experiences of this is that it's been really challenging getting first of all the attention of the legal department and getting them sort of to fully engage with us in the Ospo. Because we need, even if they're not subject matter experts in open source, we still need their buy-in and sort of their blessing for the processes that we want to implement. And how we want to deal with certain licenses and how we roll out training in the company.  Open source is typically pretty far down. It's sort of, it's one of those risk things that you need to manage. And perhaps you're somewhere on that curve I showed where it's like you don't really understand it, you don't really want to touch it because it's a little bit uncomfortable. So for Eric's, and it's typically been sort of, the legal department has been very happy to point towards me and say, well, you're a lawyer, you figure it out, then we don't have to touch it. I guess that's one way of solving it. But I'm sure it's not the only way. So if anyone would like to share their own experiences. So anyone have any sort of, how does it look in your company if I ask the question to the room? Do you have any full-time legal support? We have Ospo, and we have compliance team consists of probably 10, nine, 10 people. And we handle the questions about the legal related questions from the engineer, you know, a cross-organization, but sometimes if it's too complicated like Linux kernel, how to modify this and how they can do it in details, then we can just forward that question to the legal team. Otherwise, we've built that questions within the Ospo compliance team, but any advanced or more complicated advanced questions, we just connect. But we have a very good relationship between legal team. So that's how we handle. So that's really interesting. Would you mind expanding on how did you develop that? Was that already established? Or did you have to sort of work to, A, get their understanding of your questions and sort of, B, to sort of dedicate the time to work with you? So our compliance team have got one or two lawyers. I mean, half lawyers, half program managers, and then they are actually, you know, common questions like licenses. You know, which license we need to do this and that. And then we have, you know, we can handle it. Any complicated question we just connect? I mean, we don't have a formal process really. Any questions we cannot handle? We have passed it to one or two persons who are expert on open source in the legal team, because we have a big legal team across the enterprise. And then I think we have one or two people who are, in that team there are more members, but we have one or two people we contact to in the legal. So it's not a proper process, but we have a quite simple process right now. Did I answer that? Yes, yes. Thank you. I'm sort of fascinated by the topic myself because I find it so hard internally to get that support. And when we get it, it's typically based on, I know someone in the legal department and sort of they're doing me a favor by sort of bumping my request up of the queue essentially. So I'm really looking for like, how do you structure that? And it sounds to you like you have those internal resources of people who are experts at that. And I guess that boils down to like a HR question on how do you get legal department to prioritize that they need to have that competency? Because if that doesn't even exist in the company, where do you start? So that's at least for our own journey. What we have tried to do is sort of paint these different risks that comes from our consumption of open source and our contribution to open source. And sort of point that these are really risks that sort of had these been introduced by anything else than open source. Legal would be all over them trying to manage these risks, right? But since this is open source, it's just software, legal don't really want to touch it. So I think that that sort of expertise you point to. I think that that seems like that would be a critical component in sort of having that Ospo legal department relationship. Another sort of layer to this is of course that whenever we do an M&A transaction, whenever an M&A transaction is done, you're not only dealing with Euro baggage, you're dealing with sort of the history of sort of bad practice of whatever company you're buying. In my previous life with my current employees, and I still, I did a few of these, and sort of it's never good. It's always a lot of work because you have a history of built up bad behaviors over years and sort of lack of compliance or lack of processes. It's a wonderful way to slow down the M&A activity within your own. Yeah, let's just put it like this. It was never the open source, the diligence track that slowed down our M&A's or as always, other issues and other timelines we had to work with. But sort of it's there, so it's there, do you guys feel that you, you have the legal support that you need internally or is there any here who sort of source that externally that you have external legal counsel you turn to? And that you then sort of have budgeted for like we're probably gonna spend this many hours on or spend this much money on buying legal support externally because we don't have this competence internally because that's sort of been one thing we've been pushing at sort of get our legal department sort of to take the responsibility or pick up the torch and have this relationship with us where they can support us. It's really by saying that these are risks that needs to be managed and questions that needs to be managed, but unless we have sort of your buying and your help will have to go externally for this and do you really want us to spend sort of good money externally that sort of you could have used for a headcount instead? So if we go back a little bit here to this graph, how do you, does anyone have any experiences of how you lift your legal departments from this depression stage and into the acceptance or even from sort of the denial stage? How do you help progress them? Because I guess that's also one thing that that's sort of key for a lasting partnership is how do we get from we don't use open source over to, okay, we use open source, but we need to be strategic and smart about that and we need to have sort of good processes that are in our contracts so that we manage that risk that could be introduced. Is there sort of anyone who've been on that journey? I see you nod, sir. So any experiences from that that you're willing to share? I just think it's a never-ending journey because if you're in any sort of a mid to larger size organization, it's going to be a big risk and it's going to be a situation where the pendulum is always swinging in one direction or another. Nothing is ever staying the same and I guess this really is true across any organization because we are all seemingly tasked with two and a half jobs these days. Everyone's very busy and so when you go to your legal department with a, hey, I need help in this space, it's yet another challenge that they may not prioritize and what you have to do is work hard as a open source leader within your organization to develop not just your legal organization but your compliance organization, your security organization and it can be easy to stay in the depression stage because there's quite a bit to do but the thing that can I think help is that you have to constantly help frame the situation is not a problem to be solved but an opportunity that needs to be taken advantage of because ultimately open source is still a big driver of innovation and by framing it in that argument and educating the different constituents you have to work with you have a better chance of getting them to lean in rather than to lean out. I think that that's some really wise words on that. Thank you for sharing that perspective. I think sort of to share where we at Ericsson is in this journey, I think we are sort of or the legal department is somewhere between denial and depression, sort of we haven't yet gotten someone to this stage and it's a matter of training and persistence, I hope we can get there but it's also the risk of, or the risk that I've seen of having an Ospo and having someone then presumably legally trained there is that sort of legal is very happy to pass that off and say, oh, but you can deal with that. It's no longer our problem because that should be the Ospo's problems. I think the division of sort of responsibilities seems to me to be very important here, especially like should we bother the legal department with every license review that we need if we encounter a new license in our consumption phase? Do they need to be involved every single time if it's just another BSD variety? Perhaps not, if it's something completely new like that we haven't seen before, then perhaps they should be. So how we have tried to solve that internally and I'm not saying we've been successful but it is to have these different steering bodies and license review committees where we sort of require legal to be there and to engage and sort of to sign off on, yes, the legal department agree that this is how this license should be interpreted and sort of staff that with the right competences from engineering, is this feasible? Is this sort of right interpretation and sort of help the legal department understand sort of what's this very strange legal text that is an open source license? Because from a legal perspective, open source licenses are far from perfect, as I think everyone knows, right? So another question to the audience from me is, do your companies have a license review board or a contribution review board? So before you're allowed to bring in open source, do you need to review the license ahead of time and then you maintain a list of that or how does it work in your organizations? So in my organization, we have an open source project map and basically you have to fill in specific terms like the license, potentially contributing partners you should name a strategic element so why you are actually contributing and also it's a long list also with an exit pass and an entry criteria and what the level of contribution is which you want to do and then it goes into a formal approval process. This is silence, this approval process so it's bound to a maximum of two weeks taking locations into account which typically come in and by this we have a map of about 200 projects to which you can see this and we're still growing this because different entities of the company were following different processes and now we're streamlining the whole thing but it soon also gets seen as a hurdle for developers because it's another form to fill and they simply just want to contribute, right? And they don't want to see all these compliance things to be handled so and this is then where the acceptance on developer get lower but it's actually a formal way of getting this sorted and an easier way to do it second contribution later on. So that's interesting, so that's for the contribution part do you have something similar than for when you consume open source, when you bring in new components? Actually the consumption is often quite easy as soon as you go into then not only consuming open source elements or more in the embedded part if you bring it into the product then it gets into a scanning tool, there's license scanning and there's a list of approved licenses, there's a list of approved elements and as soon as there's a new component identified with potential license element which you don't want to see or which is not really fitting then it goes into a formal approval of press from an open source partner, open source officer so they do a check on this but they want to make sure that everything is properly matching together so it's typically done by the project and there's formal process presided. And to share sort of one thing from my side that I found to be a very, very helpful tool when engaging with legal departments is it's not pointing to that all of these are risks, risks, risks and it will create a lot of work for you. It's pointing to the solution and the tools that are available such as Open Chain for example which is a very good sort of best practice standard essentially of how should we do open source compliance and then point to that there's sort of these and these requirements will naturally fall to legal or we need legal's involvement to be able to sort of in good conscience say that we are conforming to this standard so that's gives us sort of some external validation in saying this is not just our strange idea that legal should be involved and this is sort of best practices and it's well documented that it is well best practices. But it seems like one best practice is to have these review boards or bodies or sort of where you can have this cross culture interaction between sort of the legal department and the open source team and I guess also the IP team and other relevant stakeholders. That seems to be one way of doing it. If we look at sort of how some other auspice have done it we haven't done it that way but I think there's auspice that are made up of majority lawyers hosted within legal organization. Of course for them it's easy. They have a lasting relationship with legal department because that's where they are employed. At least they hope it's lasting. I would if it were my employment at least. Or you have sort of people employed that in the legal department that will sort of part time dedicate towards the open source matters. I think there are probably benefits and downsides to both. If sort of if your perspective is that I'm a lawyer and I now specialize in open source does that then mean that you only do open source? You become very, very narrow, right? Is that good or bad for your career? I think those are also things that needs to be taken into consideration. Like how do you create this as a viable career path or at least sort of not that's something that would hinder a lawyer's career. So for example, if we would take someone from legal department and say you're now gonna be in the OSPO organization that that's hosted somewhere else. Perhaps it's hosted within R&D or it's hosted with the sourcing organization. I mean, if we take that for instance, say you're now gonna be hosted here then that person is no longer with the legal department. And that's something we at least have seen that that could be sort of perceived as a hindrance or sort of something that would be bad for their career. It would be sort of hard to explain if they were looking for other employment or advancement later that, oh, you weren't with the legal department of this company. Why was that? So I think that's another challenge. And it's certainly not a challenge we've been able to solve. Perhaps it's a challenge we need to solve as a community by educating the broader legal community of the importance of this and sort of redefining perhaps a corporate lawyer's role a little bit that they shouldn't just sit in the IP or in the legal department. There's sort of other legally defined legal roles that could be filled in other parts of the company such as the OSPO. And perhaps that would be one way of creating this lasting bridge. So I don't have much more material and I think we said that we would leave 10 minutes for sort of questions from online if there were any and also if there's any questions in the room. Is there anyone else who sort of wants to ask the collective wisdom of this room for their experiences and no questions online? Well, I think we can then give people 10 minutes of their lives back.


Welcome back to the nest where we are discussing a very important matter of the day and that is the issue of miscarriage, which happens to a lot of mums, many who don't speak about it, many who deal with it privately because of stigma and a lot of issues surrounding that. What we forget is that not only does it affect that parent psychologically, physically and in every manner possible, meaning relationships that she has with the people around her, we have to discuss this because it is very important so that whoever is watching this, whether your mum to be, whether you are already a mum who has experienced this or whether you are a person surrounding this mum, we can have well-equipped manners on how to handle this and we are very honored to have our specialist of the day who will take us through the psychological beat of miscarriage and how we can conduct ourselves better as these three categories, the mother, the people around them, especially the spouses and how the mum can go on to the next step. Please introduce yourself. Okay, thank you so much. Oh, my name is Chabere Muriyuki. Yes. I am a counselling psychologist. I deal with the children and adolescents counselling. Yes. I am a marriage and family therapist. I also council in the areas of trauma and I consult in mental health issues. Yes. Yes, just to mention a few because our field is quite wonderful. I think what you do is very noble and you know we always think that mental health is about just being depressed and that's it but it's a wide scope of that and again we are very honored to have you today to talk about this particular issue of miscarriage. We know with our mum who also happens to be a counsellor and putting our minds together we are able to help that person who is watching at home and I think I'm going to just throw the question at you and ask you what is the aspect of miscarriage and what are these misconceptions that people have about miscarriage especially in our Kenyan or our that world setup. Thank you so much for that question. I will go straight to looking at it the misconception which are so much so sure. Yes. One there is a mythic belief that anytime any lady or a mother loses a child who is less than 20 weeks they think that is nothing there was nothing much that occurred and I want to put the records right that immediately conception takes place. Yes. There is attachment which first of all starts psychologically and then it is manifested in the physical. I hope you've seen women immediately they conceive like after three weeks after a month they keep rubbing their belly. It is an indicator of a relationship, a connection and a contact that has already occurred between the mother and the child they are carrying. Not carefully. This first connection and relationship starts their nature in the mind, in the psychological. Long before the child is born or is seen by us the men, the women, the society and everyone else there is a connection that has started being nurtured from conception. Okay. Now when this occurs no one looks at the woman or the lady or the mother as somebody who has started a journey that is so emotional, that is so real and that is so anticipatory. Absolutely.  Absolutely. As much as the mother is expecting and carrying the society also is expecting for a delivery. However this one now is held in ash tone so when you lose they just allow me to say carelessly out of ignorance brush it aside. Of course they do not look at the relationship that was there between the lady and the baby. Right. Having said that the journey of loss is one of the most difficult and especially when a mother loses a child. There is one thing we do not look at from the mother that the mother had high hopes of what they were carrying. I believe you've ever heard this statement they say I could be carrying the president. I could be carrying the next term Wangari Mada is and on and on that is such a huge anticipation. Absolutely. Now think of it if it's the first pregnancy or think of it if it's the second pregnancy and the first one also was lost. Yes. The anticipation. Right. The expectation. Right. Is so high. Yes. Now another thing we do not look at as a community and as a people is the pressure that is unspoken that is pulled to the lady by the husband. Absolutely. Because in Africa we become people. Yes. By fathering. Yes. That's why when you're not a father they'll put you to be a father. You cannot be able to talk to community. You can't stand and talk to people and be accepted as someone. I don't want to mention why I can't. And also that's why they always say you've got a girl waiting for a boy. So without me driving into that that psychological pain that a mother goes through is so huge. Yes. And to some great extent the mothers always blame themselves for mistakes that they never did. Precisely. For complication they didn't have an idea about. Yes. And for lack of knowledge that it occurs to people. Yes. And it's none of my doing. It's true. And therefore a lady goes into a journey of self-blame, self-condemnation, judgment and loss of self-worth and esteem whereby they feel I am not worth. Yes. Makiyu. Yes. As they go to the river to fetch water. Yes. As they meet to go to the market place. Yes. They are somewhere mocking the mother. True. There goes the one who cannot hold a pregnancy. A pregnancy. Yes. And it becomes a huge journey of pain, torment and trauma. Yes. So women go through serious traumatic pressure after losing a child. Yes. Yes. And again it's the same story we were talking about. Same thing that happened to her. She dealt with this privately and she was feeling all this overwhelming feelings of did I not do the right thing, will my husband blame me about it, who do I even tell because in reality in a common setup of normal death people come together, they comfort you and eventually you're able to heal. But in this manner you're going through this process all by yourself because you're the only one who knows what's happening in your body.  Again she was mentioning, she was having nightmares. Yes. Even carrying her children again was such a difficult journey because every time she would just wake up and she would think I'm going to lose this one as well and I think again as a counselling psychologist you can tell that mum who is at home perhaps they are going through that and I know there are very many who are watching us today. What would you tell them when if they come, let's say they've come to your office and they are saying I'm here, I lost one or two or three because you can never determine and it is it is real.  What steps would you ask them to take as an individual and as we go towards that what steps can the people around them take so that there can be this communal way of comforting this mother? Thank you. It is very wrong or difficult first of all to look at a lady alone because it takes two to conceive. Absolutely. Unfortunately, when this occurs, ladies are left alone and I forgive you for even asking what she should do because eventually a lady, a person must know how to take care of themselves but the first step that I always make sure because I have dealt with quite a number of those cases is to make sure that the husband or the man or the owner of the pregnancy if I can talk like an African accompanies her for therapy. Now this is where I find a lot of resistance and difficulty. The stoicism of men where they should be seen to be strong whereas they are dying from inside comes out. Unfortunately, to tell a lady and that's where I find a lot of trouble to walk with a lady to accept the journey alone whereas it was a business of two people becomes a very difficult journey. However, so that they can answer your question, I always enable them to appreciate themselves back and take a lot of pain to walk them through to understand it was nothing of their making. Number one. Number two, it is scientifically it's a difficult thing to be proven what happens or what is what's happening and in this case I'm avoiding to go to the science world. So that is my worst and most difficult assignment journey to make a lady look at it and accept themselves that I was not the making. Number two is to make the lady feel a human being, the self esteem, the wolf. Remember, children offer identity both to men and to women and that's African. So I came to restore their self worth so that esteem can be fair so that to know yes this happened. However, I am still okay and I can still have other children and then having done that we start the journey of self appreciation and acceptance because sometimes the patina might have neglected the other person emotional or use the situation to bring her down, you know, in waske scenarios scenarios and it becomes difficult where a lady or a mother has got like two girls and they were looking for a boy. It's very traumatic, very painful because if it was a boy they lost it's a very hard journey and then the last one and the most difficult is to convince them that the Lord still loves them and cares for them and it's not that the Lord has forgotten them neglected them, doesn't care about them and to make them appreciate that God has the power again to give them a boy as they decide. It's very difficult, very hard journey to walk but we record progress. Absolutely, I'm just happy that we're highlighting these items and I don't know so far what is going through your mind because combined with what we are saying today about appreciating the journey, thinking of again we are worthy of this again, thinking of what should the people around us do, is there anything that you feel was done right during your time which was when maybe things are not the same as they are today? People are not sitting down to talk about miscarriages so openly you know how would you have wanted this to be done differently or what after many years and of course becoming a mum again what would have prepared you better? I simply want to echo the sentiment of our psychologists and to say that whatever you said I really decogonise with it that our society has not embraced miscarriage and that is why many women don't talk about it they are those who get pregnant, okay he has talked of the couple but they are those ladies or those women who get pregnant out of wedrock and the father is not known and then here you're getting a miscarriage it's even stressful because one you're rebored number two you don't get support system as you said during the loss and grief when somebody has died yes within the family people will come and console you but when it's a miscarriage it turned like it was not it was it was not something you know and I think it even had more and makes the healing journey to be I mean to take more time yes as he has said a baby gives you an identity unfortunately because I'm talking from a mum's perspective yes there is no loss that can be covered with another one most people will come to you and tell you it's okay you'll get another one yes I want to say that no baby can depress the loss allow yourself to go through the process of loss and grief and people mourn differently mourn your miscarriage to the to the point whereby you feel that you have a closure why because if you don't mourn to the process to process your mourning I remember when I got pregnant my first born baby she's now in form one when I went to the hospital now to deliver again I developed complication in fact that time we were to lose myself I was to get I mean we develop complication both whereby it's either two of us to be saved yes all one because she had tugged herself rice yes and I went to the theater and I knew when I was confirmed that the baby is not moving I knew the baby is not there again I had not dealt with my loss you tortured yourself yes so when I saw the baby I saw I mean the world again I'm still not not processed yes so when I processed my loss that is when I realized that the baby had lost it was a baby it was not something yes as well as it's not something that can be replaced it had to go through the process of loss and grief to come into turns I want to encourage the moms at home sometimes the support system may not be there and you may develop postpartum depression sure again people may not understand you and because people don't understand you you you walk alone you feel so lonely right you feel negreted and you also feel like the world is coming to a net you know the way the world gets shattered yes because it's like the mess is the brain shifting like the way he has said it's it's you in case like not the way you see if somebody is drinking somebody is not carefully so and all those narratives but I want to say like and I want to still to strengthen the point that we say that you also need to know that life is given by one god yes nobody can give life because I have walked with people who have gone through ectopic pregnancy and sometimes you're asking yourself the doctor has confirmed that they're they're both faropian chimps are blocked I have walked with people who went through miscarriage and they were sick go mans and the world has been shattered because they tell me that will I get a man who will accept that I can hold a baby two times because yes they think I am the type of you know the way miscarriage is associated with a kacholo society especially the african something is wrong with you yes something is wrong with you that you have that especially when you miscarry something is wrong they start now tracing your kacha they start tracing your family lines they start tracing yeah and they associate you with this kind of a person yes that I do not want to associate with you yes because your family yes I will keep on losing my oh yes the way I said again if you keep on losing miscaling boys again another stigma is true because they wonder will you ever call it for me a baby yes for an african man yes it's a boy it's a boy but I I want to empower people in the society to say that embrace the gift of God in the family yes because you can get one girl equal to five sands true so I think you embrace the journey and he has as he has said as a couple please walk the journey together yes if it's pray pray together yes if it's walking encourage one another absolutely as he has said men more differently yes and sometimes we ignore yes like I want to say I ignored like I felt like my husband was not yes he couldn't understand yeah he was not in a pain yes you know that's a that's normal because there is nothing that you know that he is mourning true but I felt like I was in this alone yes and that is that happens yes and as he has said please let and college people to go through cancer absolutely and to go especially the mental health journey even case you developed a mental status yes whereby you have anxiety you have fear those things cannot be felt dealt with in normal circumstances you need to sit on a counseling room sit with a counselor yes let them walk you the journey and then in preparation to now getting another baby getting I was not prepared right I found myself unfolding stories after stories today I empower the couples to be I do a thorough primary to kansuri program okay and encourage somebody to go see a guy no yes two of them why because even the homonono imbalances in the body you don't know yourself yes some of them they even have the type A the negative whereby yes you don't know your blood group was not taken yes the man is negative or the woman is negative and then they start losing the baby true whereas yeah when it should be so it's a simple journey absolutely when they go to the hospital the doctor they inject and then they're able to save the baby unfortunately with a lot of ignorance in our country yes and in our society yes we need to pass this information to people absolutely well thank you so much I think in fact I was just going into talik and we have these are final remarks but you closed it so well as I give you know Mr. Moriuki a chance to give us your perspective as a counseling psychologist just as a parting shot whoever is watching us out there and I mean whoever friend husband the mum mum to be a person who could experience this what is the one thing you can have them carry with them every day from our topic today oh thank you very much or one this is not a one person's journey it requires all of us yes number two we are so mythical that knowledge is need to be sought after it is not just automatic for us to have a child and just deliver normally yes it takes a lot of other things and information sets at free and I mean liberates us yes last is that also to the man yes there is need for us to accept it is okay not to be okay yes and it is okay to seek help yes and it is not a woman's thing to say I am not okay you can say that yes yes I need I wish I could have I could have amplified my voice because men stoikism is killing us culture as daughters absolutely you know this that is such a maid that is killing us and killing us and that's why you notice men run to bus men run to wrong systems to try and cope which is a negative way of coping I as a man as a professional and as a psychologist I want to tell him it is okay to come to therapy yes and it is okay to say I am happy it is okay to seek for help yes and there are solutions about emotional and psychological pain and trauma yes and let us appreciate that post traumatic trauma is real and it can cause serious mental issues it can be stopped it can be dealt with it can taken care of all what they need is to take a bold step absolutely and seek help absolutely otherwise thank you so much thank you so much I cannot have I cannot put it any better thank you so much for sharing your wonderful journey and encouraging obviously we are not talking about mums today we are talking about everybody who belong who who's this child belongs to they say a child is read by the society the minute I find out I'll tell my friend and I'll tell my relatives and we all become parents to these children and again thank you so much for your time and thank you for your wisdom as a psychologist counselling psychologist thank you for your wisdom as a man who has survived this traumatic you know experience and also for sharing your journey and for doing what you're doing for the society right so what a wonderful show this has been I've learnt a lot and I think the takeaway home today will be a child doesn't just belong to the mother and a miscarriage is a real loss which should be faced like any other loss again it doesn't matter who you are whether it's the mother whether it's the father message to the man it's okay not to be okay hold your spouse's hand if you're a friend to a single mum to be who has had a miscarriage hold her hand seek counselling seek guidance because you cannot escape grief somehow it will catch up with you and it's good to just face it head on so that you can get a second chance in life and you can get a second chance in loving another human being god willing again god gives and god will give again that's the message for today and this doesn't stop here because next week we continue with this amazing amazing journey of miscarriage again i'm saying amazing because we do not have many platforms that talk about these issues which are real and we need to face them as we hear more stories from real parents who go through all the issues that parenthood brings and how to solve them thank you and have a good night


Over that time, Ross has become a dear friend and he's become a father, so be sure when you see him out and about to show him the pictures of Jack and Jen, his wife and his adorable baby. But right now, he's going to come out and continue this powerful conversation about why is it that we're here and what it is we're going to do next. Please welcome from Village Capital, Ross Baird. Morning everybody. I don't have any breakfast cereal for you and I can't match what Jed just did, so I'm not even going to try. What I do want to talk about, how can we do better is the theme of the morning and I wasn't at the first soak up, but I was at the second one, I've been at everyone since and I think if you talked to the group that was here in 2009 and you said what is Socap 2017 going to be talking about, devastating forest fires and entire islands that don't have electricity and inequality at an all time high is probably not what people were hoping was going to happen eight years later. So there is an amazing amount of energy and a lot is going right and a lot in this room is going right, but in the big picture I think, I don't think things are going in the right direction necessarily and I'd argue that we have everything we need. We have wonderful organizations, we have terrific people, but we do have blind spots and these blind spots are maybe the things that if we fix we can do and create what we want to create. I wrote a book called the innovation blind spot that tells the story of what I do and where the blind spots are, that's actually not what I'm going to talk about today though if you wanted to buy the book I wouldn't hate it, but that's actually, I'm going to talk about the biggest thing I've learned as I over the last year have tried to figure out what some of my and our own blind spots would be. So how many of you have been to a McDonald's in the last week? Alright, not a lot of McDonald's eaters here, let's see one in the back. We at Village Capital we invest in companies across the country and across the world that are building a more sustainable society whether it's agriculture, energy or water management or are helping people gain access to financial services or education or help, things that can mitigate income inequality give people social mobility and we don't do a lot of work in places like San Francisco and New York we do work in places like Paducah Kentucky which is in southern Kentucky where we've got an investment in a company called Fingormay and what Fingormay does is they catch Asian carp which is a horribly invasive species if you're an environmentalist they chop it up, they rebrand it Kentucky Blue Snapper, sell it to high-end restaurants, you can get Kentucky Blue Snapper here in San Francisco and they've created dozens of living wage jobs in one of the poorest counties in the country so great business, great impact, very creative. If you go to Paducah, what I do when I travel to places like Paducah is I'll typically have breakfast or off coffee at McDonald's and McDonald's for probably the bottom 50% of the income bracket markets themselves as the place where the community comes together so if you go to the Paducah McDonald's on a Monday morning from 7 to 9 and get a $1 unlimited refill a cup of coffee you'll probably meet 30 different people coming out and they're not going to be like who are you why are you here like like people just sit around and talk so basically I started recognizing that we are here in San Francisco and we're trying to save the world but there's a huge divide between the people in this room and the people that we are supposedly trying to innovate for in most cases and I don't want to over generalize and so I realized if we're trying to help people who don't have bank accounts I have a bank account that works just fine if we're trying to help people who don't have jobs I have a job that I love maybe there are blind spots that we can close so I set a goal about a year ago of saying every Monday no matter where I am whether it's San Francisco or Paducah Kentucky I'm going to go and have breakfast at McDonald's and it hasn't happened every Monday but it's happened most money is a game I've played with myself I called it McDonald's Mondays not for I don't know why but I gave it a name and I was in Orange Virginia one Monday and I was talking to McDonald's right down time you've probably been there Stephanie is in McDonald's right downtown these people are like what do you do and I was like invest in small businesses and they're like small businesses that's really all we've got this is a shot from Main Street Orange and they're like you know when these three businesses when the lows open 20 miles away it shut down these three when the target open 20 miles that way it shut down these three like we don't really have anything but small business and so we start talking about what's going on in orange and so I talked to this guy and like all right we invest $50,000 in companies what would you do if you had $50,000 he's like I would start a coffee shop because you know what we sit here in this crappy McDonald's and this chair has been broken for a year and the people in New York don't care that the chair is broken and I just like to sit in a comfortable chair and drink not crappy coffee and there's something really really very beautiful about that I think that a lot of the conversation and a lot of the blind spots we have are around scale as optimization Wall Street wants it Silicon Valley wants it a lot of the conversation is how do we get to scale but when we when we obsess over scale what it means is lows makes a ton of money and Target makes a ton of money and Main Street Orange is completely wiped out and like what are we left with we're left with people who want 50 grand to start coffee shops corporate consolidation mergers and acquisitions the exits that everyone at this conference really wants have on average cost the average family $14,000 a year that's more than automation that's more than offshoring that's more than all the things you see in the newspaper so maybe we're thinking differently or maybe one of our biggest blind spots is thinking about this mythical unicorn of scale maybe what we need to do to prevent forest fires and to address climate is actually much smaller and much more in our backyard so this is thank you this is my baby Jack I don't know he's three months old and I just like pictures of him so but I think what when Jack what Jack wants to be when he grows up I don't know what he'll want to be but when I was a kid I wanted to be an inventor Thomas Edison was a here of mine etc and working with entrepreneurs I get to do more or less that I'm sure that Jack doesn't want to when he's eight he's not gonna say hey I want to make a ton of money on Wall Street and completely hollow out towns across America that sounds really great but sometime between so think of like what you wanted to be when you were a kid and sometime between that and where we are now a lot of people had different things change and so that I think is the biggest blind spot of all we're obsessed with scale we're obsessed with goals we don't understand the collateral damage between here and then so if I want to say one thing I've learned from going to McDonald's every Monday every place I go there's somebody who wants to start a coffee shop it needs $50,000 or someone who's you know a stressed out teacher who you know I teach at University of Virginia and they say oh you teach at UVA like what do you do that I can learn from like everybody's looking to do what they can with what they have with where they are and so so much of the goals of the capital markets are completely inaccessible to where you are right now and I'd say don't go for that figure out what do you have in your power to do today the way you figure out what you can do and what you can do better is by asking other people one of the most transformative things about going to McDonald's every Monday is nobody at McDonald's Mondays yet has ever heard of the social capital markets or ever heard of entrepreneurship when I say the word start up I was in Austin Texas for South by Southwest no one at McDonald's had heard that South by Southwest was even happening 100,000 people coming to Austin McDonald's two miles away they're like why are all the traffic people there's a weird conference good for you asking people how am I doing what am I doing what could I doing better and asking people whether it's in McDonald's or the person sitting next to you that's how you eliminate your blind spots the amazing thing about blind spots is you can't see them yourself but the great thing about SoCAP is you are surrounded by people who unlike 51 weeks a year understand what you do how many of you can explain to your families what you do for a living certainly not me but people here get what you do people here are not competitive with you people here are rooting for you so if you say here's what I'm doing what am I missing if you're a funder or an investor pretty much every day there's a power dynamic where people who don't have money will tell you what you want to hear because they want your money and you probably feel that I working for an investment firm that's part of the deal if you say listen just let's take a step back here's what we're doing at our foundation or here's what we're doing with our investment firm what are we missing what feedback do we have you might be able to see blind spots things you don't understand and you can do this whether you run an investment firm or whether you're a volunteer at SoCAP one of the things I wrote this book the innovation blind spot that again you should buy it's really wonderful I've done about 20 conversations over the last month and it's been amazing but you can write a book but also been robo on my team spent hours editing the book and making it great Dustin on my team organizes events and make sure they run on time Rachel on my team got the sweater that I left at one event and brought it there raise your hand if you're a SoCAP volunteer big round of applause for the SoCAP volunteers you guys are making the change in the capital markets happen as much as me or Jed Emerson or whoever speaking speaking up on stage so I'm out of time but the main thing I would say is we've got blind spots and they're very easy to solve one what can I do with what I have to turn to the person next to you whether it's here at McDonald's say here's what I'm doing what am I missing what can I do better so you can't stop forest fires I wish you could but you can do better with what you have and that's what I've learned over the last year thanks very much


Space physics. Space physics is the study of plasmas as they occurred naturally in the Earth's upper atmosphere aeronomy and within the Solar System. As such, it encompasses a far-ranging number of topics, such as he live of physics which includes the Solar Physics of the Sun, the Solar Wind, planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres, or rauras, cosmic rays, and synchrotron radiation. Space physics is a fundamental part of the study of space whether and has important implications in not only to understanding the universe, but also for practical everyday life, including the operations of communications and weather satellites. Space physics is distinct from astrophysical plasma and the field of astrophysics, which studies similar plasma phenomena beyond the Solar System. Space physics utilizes in-situ measurements from high altitude rockets and spacecraft, in contrast to astrophysical plasma that relies deduction of theory and astronomical observation.


It's the Corbin. I'm rick. You can follow us on instagram Twitter for more juicy content. Thanks for the patreon followers truly counts. Do you have a conservative or liberal penis? Was it left leaning or right leaning? today Wow, you'll always think of that now. Thanks to me. No. Yeah today. We got a video. This is uh The best called the best we have america versus indian Just in what? In general, it's a it's a funny video. Okay. So this is not an actual comparison between the countries. Okay It's almost like somebody says somebody is it's almost like a try not to laugh challenge great So this is not actually this is america. Got it. This is the equivalent in india. Got it. This is america They insert like funny bollywood clip got it kind of kind of stuff So it's that kind of stuff because I know there's gonna be people in comments I'm like, this is not it. We know that So I would send this video and said this is a funny video. Good. Enjoy. Funny's good. That is what we are in for great Um, so this is like america versus india ultimate troll great. Uh, so let's just all right And I think these are tics actually like the things gonna be I like tic-tac. Here we go Yeah, is that salmon I like this it's actually just impressive That's way more impressive way more impressive. Oh, she is insanely talented Probably gonna be sing them or something like that, right? It's gotta be. Yeah, bring out someone con. No, it's a j Oh, it's gonna be a j. Yeah, yeah, yeah, you're right That's uh, that's a pretty iconic one right there. Are you so talented? It's arnold, right? Yes A limp noodle. Oh, yes Why does it look like Nawaz? I mean america never says that no Hell yeah, that's awesome. I wish it was different music. I know each time. Yeah, we have the best motorcycle lifting machines Oh What shows that was that hoi choy? It's amazing. These are really random No, I don't know. Yeah, I don't know. I can't wait. Yeah, there you go It's on top of the train We have we have the best cart pushers. Don't even debate me. That's awesome.  We've seen that was good that was uh We have the best wheat combines. We have the best cart pushers. Don't even argue We come We have the best cake cutters merica Also, I like how it like it said is america, but then there was like england and there was china and then Uh, although it's me. That was That was funny. That's uh, that was good some comedy right there. That was that was Comedy we've tried to cut a cake with your finger Maybe I did when I was a little kid That guy the the gymnast one that oh he flipped I didn't see the poll on his crotch I know because that's what was funny at first was I didn't see the poll I just saw him stop in midair and then saw after why he stopped in midair That's gotta not feel good It's gotta not have testicles. Yeah I mean how many times I can give myself a rupture getting out of the car let alone that way know you could do that Um You were drinking old monk.  Hey, y'all watch this So I'm drunkenness. I thought it was uh, trump said covid's fake You like sex on tv Why well guys just if you do is wondering how you stay on top This is funny. This was uh, give us more of these. This is great That was a lot funnier than I thought it would be me too. Um Helicopters, I think one of most is that singham? Is that the aj? Is that singham? Am I am I remembering that? Um, I don't know why when you said that it made me think of salman kahn No, salman's in the next one. No that's akshay Salman is in the bang which we saw right obviously, but I don't he hasn't done another one where he's a Well, I'm sure he's done beat him up cop Whose name is escaping me Yet is singham. Okay. There it is Yeah, you were right. Yeah, because the singham universe devgen singham universe is the one that has aj and And revere was the most recent one, right? But was that clip From that I thought that was from a different film. I thought it was a south film No, because that was aj Are you sure? No, that was a hundred percent aj. All right. It's I'm pretty sure it's this guy right here No, I thought it was a south film No, I'm because that's aj devgen. We've seen that seen many times in it.  Are you sure? I'm I'm I'd bet money I don't think it was. I think it was a south Oh, that that was true. The bicycle stud wasn't an actual one though that those guys when he tanks slips the Yeah, compared to the water bottle flippers We have the best. There it is. We have the best police It's a hundred percent aj Yeah, you might be right. Yeah, you might be right. I thought that was maybe I'm thinking of the scene where the car flips over I'm and aj pulls the guy out midair. Yes. He's maybe what I'm thinking of. Yes Um, maybe that's the thing. You guys let me know. I haven't seen any of them. Anyway, uh, but very funny If there's more, please let us know what it should be if you like this. If not other funny videos We like laughing. Let us know down below


Over the last few weeks there has been a ton of news around different people in Hollywood getting called out for sexual harassment, sexual assault, and all sorts of other allegations. And the question that we want to ask ourselves today is, can people change? And in this video, I am mainly going to be focusing on Kevin Spacey. And some of my opinions and outlooks on this might ruffle some feathers, but I think it's important that we talk about this. So stay tuned. What's up everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul, where we talk about the problem, but we focus on the solution. So I need to start this video out with a very, very clear disclaimer. Okay. In this video, I am going to be focusing mainly on Kevin Spacey and his current situation. All right. I am not linking Kevin Spacey into the same realm as people like Harvey Weinstein, Brett Ratner, and James Toback.  And I am going to focus on what we know about Kevin Spacey based on the facts that have come out. And just to let you know, this video is being recorded on November 1st. And this is limited information. More information may come out. We good? We good. Okay. Cool. So Kevin Spacey, for those of you who don't know, when he was 27 years old, he pushed himself onto a 14 year old. This was maybe 20 years ago. It was part of a Broadway cast. And yes, absolutely no excuse. No excuse for this type of behavior. Kevin Spacey has been getting a lot of flack because he used this new story to then come out of the closet, which is a whole another video in and of itself. But on top of that, first House of Cards said that they are making this the very last season. The very next day, House of Cards said that they were stopping production on it based on everything going on with Kevin Spacey. After that, we found out that Kevin Spacey is having an award taken away from him and all these other things. So this is why I think we need to talk about this question. What Kevin Spacey did? Is it excusable? Absolutely 1000% not. But the question I'm trying to ask you is, can people change? Now, based on the other video I did, the science of hopelessness, which I will link up in the info card above my head. I suggest you check it because I do discuss how people's brains can change. It's what we call neuroplasticity. But this this topic hits very close to home with me. And here's why. If you are watching this, most of my audience who watches my videos only knows this version of Chris.  And this is something I try to explain to my clients. Like you are meeting the best version of myself, but you need to realize there was a decade of my life where all I was doing was hurting people. I have done terrible, terrible things in my past. Although none of them had to do with sexual assault or any type of misconduct in that form. I am somebody who drove drunk all over the city of Las Vegas. I have lied and cheated and stolen from my best friends, from my family members. I have done very awful things. So when I look at this and what's going on, I have to look at Kevin Spacey's situation and see that with the facts we have right now, this is an isolated incident. And if people judged me for the rest of my life based on what I did at 27, especially if it was a one time deal, like where would I be in life right now? I would never be able to get the jobs that I wanted. I would never be able to regain the trust and friendships that I have for my family or my son if people held those things over my head. Now what I will say is I have done a lot of work to pay back these kind of debts that I can technically never pay back. I was such a terrible person for such a long time. I am constantly in the business of giving and helping people. I do this YouTube channel just to help people. And part of that is part of my healing process and trying to become a better person. And while I don't forget my past and I don't just ask for all to be forgiven, I move forward by being a better person. And I will end with this. I want to leave this in your mind. A few months back, I was kind of triggered if you will by a post I saw on Facebook. And it was a meme, one of those memes that goes around and it said something to the effect of isn't it funny how the people who used to bully you in high school are now the same people posting on Facebook about how we should all be nicer to each other. And the question I want to ask you, like, what's the alternative? Would you prefer that that person live the rest of their life hurting people? Or would you prefer that at some time in their life they made this switch? Everybody needs to realize and I'll do a better video on this at some point, but forgiveness is an act towards yourself more than it is the other person. So to say that somebody did something in the past and they should never be a better person, in my opinion, and I'm somebody who hates a hypocrite, that's not hypocritical. That's called growth. That's called becoming a better person. So think about that for a second. What's the alternative? Would you rather this person be the terrible person they were for the rest of their life rather than having this change? Like, let's think about that. So here's my question of the day for you. Do you think people can change or have you witnessed the change that somebody else has gone through? Please leave them down in the comments below because I really want to hear your thoughts on this. But anyways, if you liked this video, give it a thumbs up. And if you're new here, click the little round subscribe button right below. I'm always talking about mental health, addiction, and everything else that'll help you out up here. Also, click or tap to the left of me and check out some of the other amazing videos I make on this channel. Thanks for watching. I'll see you next time.


The Cavalcade of America. Starring George Sanders in the magnificent medley on the Cavalcade of America, sponsored by the DuPont Company. A maker of better things for better living through chemistry. But first here is Game of Whitman. We are all interested in anything that saves money and when it prevents accidents as well, that's really good news. DuPont's rug anchor, rug underlay, does just that. This synthetic sponge rubber, non-skid underlay, not only makes your rug safe foot, but it increases wearability too. It's well worth the low cost for protection and longer life for your rugs. You can wash it with warm water and soap in no time at all. Now that rug anchor is back on the market, follow the lead of smart home makers and use it under your rug. Rug anchor is one of DuPont's better things for better living through chemistry. DuPont Company presents the magnificent medley starring George Sanders as Dr. Benjamin Rush on the Cavalcade of America. Philadelphia in the year 1789, the largest, most comfortable, most cultured city in the newly born United States of America. Philadelphia at the close of a summer day, resting beneath the long, quiet twilight, enjoying its harvest of hard-won peace and tranquility. But in a darkened room at the Philadelphia hospital, a doctor looks down upon the figure of a man lying inert on a rude cot and finds there neither peace nor tranquility. Owen! Owen, come here! Yes, Dr. Rush. What is it, sir? Is there something wrong, Dr. Rush? What is this patient doing in this ward? This patient? Why? But this is the only place we had to put him. What's wrong with him? We don't know yet, Dr. Rush. He was only brought in yesterday. This ward's already overcrowded. And why is he pushed back into a corner? Why is he lying on that hard cot? Oh, don't let that bother you, doctor. He doesn't know the difference. What do you mean, he doesn't know the difference? That mad Joseph. Someone found him lying in the street. He's quite mad, doctor. And you've put a madman in this ward with all these other patients? Oh, there's nothing to worry about, sir. He's quite harmless. I'm not concerned about the harm he will do. What concerns me is the harm that will be done to him. He needs peace and quiet. He needs special care. Special care, Dr. Rush, for a madman? What do you know about him? I don't know anything about him. But don't you know where he lives? No, sir. Or where his family is? We've asked around town, sir, but no one knows. Have you ever thought of asking him? Oh, that's no good, doctor. He can't talk. He can't understand what you say to him. Oh, see about that. Joseph? Joseph, do you hear me? Joseph, I am a friend. I want to help you, Joseph. It's no good, sir. You can't do anything with him. What makes you think so? Well, I'm not a doctor, sir, but I've taken care of lots of madmen like him and you can never do anything with them. Oh, yes, sir. You listen to me and do just what I tell you. Get this man into a decent, clean bed where he'll get plenty of sunlight and air. But, doctor... Do as I tell you. You ought to see to it that no one bothers him or annoys him in any way. Now, do you understand that? Yes, yes. I'll be back first thing in the morning to take a good look at him. Julia? Benjamin Rush, where have you been? There is a menu to see you, dear. They've been waiting nearly an hour. That's the important, there. What's going on? Well, I don't know that, but I did overhear one of them complaining about your habit of meddling in things they say are none of your business. Now, that could almost mean anything, Julia. Yes, I know it, good dear. Julia, have you ever heard of a man called Mad Joseph? Mad Joseph? The name sounds familiar. Oh, yes! The other afternoon, some children were teasing a man in a street and I believe they called him Mad Joseph. Teasing a man? I wouldn't be surprised for those habitives. Julia, have you any idea where he came from or who his family is? Well, no, Benjamin, I haven't. And you suppose any of our friends might know? Well, it's not very likely, but I'll ask them, dear. Oh, please do, and the sooner the better. Now, where are those men who are so eager to see me? They're waiting in the parlour.  And Benjamin... Yes, Julia? Don't lose your temper, do you? Now, since you know perfectly well that I never lose my temper. Good evening, gentlemen. Good evening. Sorry to have kept you waiting. What can I do for you? Dr. Rush, my name is Watson. This is Mr. Allen and Mr. Dupois. Yes, I believe I've seen all of you at various times. Quite so. Now, Dr. Rush, we'd like to get right to the point. I'm at your service. You've been writing certain letters to the newspaper recently. I have. Dr. Rush, we'd just like to present the contents of those letters. Indeed. We don't agree with the viewpoint you express. Indeed. And we maintain there is not a word of truth in the accusations you met Furthermore, you must do something about those letters. No, gentlemen. It is the people of Philadelphia who must do something about the conditions which are described in those letters. In fact, that was my purpose in writing them to force public action. Look here, Rush, those letters are full of a lot of nonsense about the proper treatment for madmen and lunatics. In the first place, the treatment of these people is none of your business. I'm afraid I disagree.  Your concern is with people who are ill. Exactly. So those who are mentally ill are my business. Mentally ill?  I do. Rush, you know as well as we do that madness is no disease. Madness is a punishment for sins. And madmen are no more than lost souls. They'll be witched. That's what they are. Gentlemen, believe me, madness is no punishment for sins or anything else. Nor is it a spell cast by witches. Madness is a disease, a disease of the mind. And for every disease, there is somewhere a cure. But scientifically, doctor, what concrete proof have you for this theory of yours? Unfortunately, very little. That is why I need your help. Dr. Rush, this whole affair is simply more of your meddling. Very well. I'm meddling. But for years, I've been trying to secure the proper care for these unfortunates and my pleas have gone unheeded. And if your purpose in coming here today is to persuade me to withdraw my position and cease my efforts to eliminate this inhumane attitude, your time has been badly wasted. It is in our power to help those who are incapable of helping themselves. It is in our power to help in the fight against one of mankind's most dreaded enemies, an enemy against which none of us is immune. Gentlemen, I am a physician. It is my sworn and solemn duty to fight this fight and conquer this enemy. And I tell you now that nothing shall be permitted to stand in my way. Gentlemen, I bid you good day. Benjamin. I was wondering if you were still interested in that man you were asking about, doctor. What man? The one you called mad Joseph. Interesting. Yeah. I certainly am. Well, I don't know anything about the man himself, but his family lives on a farm not far from the city. How do you know? Tom told me. And who is Tom? Only the young man who delivers our milk and eggs. He said that Joseph's farm is quite near his. You women have the most amazing ways of getting things done. Did you also find out how to get there? Well, of course I did. You go out of the city by the north road and then... I said never mind telling you, my dear, just come along and show me. Now? It's very minute. But Benjamin, there's lemon pie for dessert. Your favorite pie. I'll take a piece along now. Fetch your hat, Julia. Let's get started. That must be the house over there behind those trees, Benjamin. Yeah, we'll try it. Oh, dear me. What's wrong? Just look at that poor place. Never mind about the house, Julia. It's the man who lives there that needs attention. Yes, I know. Here we are, dear. Now, down you come, Julia. You want me to go in with you? If you don't mind, I'd like this to look as much like a social call as possible. Of course. Mind your step, Julia.  Now, just come along. Watch these steps. Doctor, Mrs. Rush. What do you want? Does Joseph... Julia, I want his last name. Night. Does Joseph Knight live here? What do you want with Joseph Knight? We're looking for his family. Well, wait. Are you his... I'm his wife. Oh, I see. May we come in for just a little while, Mrs. Knight? I suppose so. Thank you. Come along, Julia. This is Mrs. Rush, Mrs. Knight. How do you do? You'll have to sit wherever you find room. There's not much fancy here. We'll be very comfortable here. Thank you, Mrs. Knight. This is his present, little guy. It was one. Mrs. Knight, I saw Joseph today. You did? Yes. He's in the city hospital. He is? Mrs. Knight, don't you care? Care? What sort of care about anymore? Mrs. Knight, how long have you known Joseph? All my life, I guess. And was he always? It is what he's always like he is now. I mean, was he always mad? You think I'd have married a madman? Then how long has he been like this? A couple of years. Just when was it, do you remember? Of course I remember, but what difference does it make? Mrs. Knight, I know this is hard on you, but it may make a great deal of difference. Please, won't you tell me about it? It was after. After Alice died. Alice? Our daughter. Oh. She was only a baby. She got sick. There was no one here, only me, and then it was winter. But Joseph was a good man, doctor. It wasn't his fault he couldn't get here to help. Where was he, Mrs. Knight? Why, was he Army, of course? He was the General Washington's Army. You mean Joseph was a soldier? He was one of the first to join up when the war started. I sent word about the baby and told him he could come home. He walked for days. He didn't sleep. I know he did his best, but when he got to you, she was gone. Then he went back. I didn't see him for nearly a year, and when I did see him, he was like that. Well, now you know, and what's the good of it? Why do you meddle in other people's misery? Why don't you just let me be? Mrs. Knight, what would you give to help Joseph well again? What would I give? Why do you say such things? Haven't you tortured me enough? It's impossible, but it may not be, if you'll help. Not what do I have to do? I'm not sure at this moment, Mrs. Knight, but if you only trust me, if you work together with me, there must be a way. Joseph fought our fight for freedom for us, so now it's our turn to do battle for him. We must restore him to you, to himself, and to the nation he fought to make free. There must be a way for us to serve him now. And somehow we've got to find that way. Mr. Owen, I've been looking for you. Where is Joseph? Joseph? Oh, you mean Mac Joseph? He's all right. All right, but where is he? He's been dismissed from the hospital. You see, he was only dismissed. Owen, I told you yesterday to see that no harm came to him. Oh, I did, sir, but you see, he really wasn't ill. He just hadn't healed.  What else was there to do? Go out and find him. Find him at once and bring him back here to me. Well, get started. Oh, yes, sir. I was just coming to tell you, doctor, that the hospital trustees are having a meeting. They're anxious to see you and want you to step in from them. With pleasure. Where are they? In the meeting room just down at the end of the hall. Thank you. And, Owen, you find Joseph before I get through in there. I'll see to it, Dr. Rush. Oh, quiet, please. Come in, Dr. Rush, we've been waiting for you.  If you please, Mr. Coates, there are a few matters which I should like to take up with you. One matter in particular. Very well, doctor. Proceed. Mad Joseph was found lying in the streets and brought here. I ordered that he be cared for and held until I could make an attempt to cure him. This morning, I find he's been dismissed and sent out to roam the streets again. Why? The hospital is overcrowded. Besides, you say the man is mad.  Who is there any different? There's a great difference. Just as many people have bodies that are ill, this poor fellow is ill in his mind. The mind is part of the body. Perhaps it can be treated and cured. Dr. Rush, I... One moment, please, Mr. Coates. There was a time when it was considered useless to attempt to cure even the simplest bodily sickness. We've come a long way from that time. Only in the realm of the mind and its ailments does this stubborn attitude remain. Less has been done to relieve the mentally ill than any other class of the afflicted. For centuries, they've been treated like criminals or shunned like unclean animals. Dr., what do you suggest we do? Give me the authority and the funds to work with this man, Joseph. We owe him a debt of gratitude. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary Army and it was the hardships he endured there that brought on his illness. Then when we are successful with him, build a hospital for the mentally ill, bring them all together in one spot and take them away from so-called normal men who cheer and sneer at them, give them a taste to rest, good food and proper care, treat them as human beings. Hmm? Well, it's possible your theory may have some worth. Very well. We'll wait to see the results you obtain with this mad Joseph. And now, Rush, if you please, can we get on with the business we called you in to discuss? Yes, we can. But Mr. Coates, don't think I shall forget your promise in this matter. Nor shall I allow you to do so. You are listening to George Sanders as Dr. Benjamin Rush in The Magnificent Mediner on the Cavalcade of America, sponsored by the DuPont Company. Maker of better things, more better living through chemistry. And Dr. Rush convinced the Regents to permit the continued treatment of mad Joseph. He said about inaugurating humane methods of treatment for the relief of the mentally infirm. He was determined to prove his doctrines by curing Joseph, the insane veteran of General Washington's army. Good morning, Owen. How's our man Joseph coming along? Fine, sir. Seems to be picking up a little every day. Took his food himself this morning. But he still won't talk. Well, maybe a change of scene would do him good. Owen, I think it's time for Joseph to leave this hospital. You're going to turn him loose, sir? Not quite.  And you are going with him. I am. Would you like to help, Cody? You know I would, Dr. Rush. And I want you to take him home to his own farm. I want you to stay there with him. See to it that he remains very quiet at first. See to it that he's well-fared and comfortable. But I can do that here. But there's more to this treatment. His wife tells me Joseph used to be a fine farmer and in his spare time used to carve wood.  It's possible, Owen. It's just possible. But if we divert him with simple things, keep him busy with the things he did and enjoyed doing, but his mind will rest and slowly heal itself. It's a strange idea, doctor. But it's worth trying, isn't it? Anything is worth trying. No harm can come of it. His wife is getting the house and farm fixed up as best she can. She'll cooperate with you and follow your instructions. I won't get out there for at least two weeks, but I'll keep in close touch with you. I just a minute have with some supply, Dr. Rush, but I thought I'd drop in and let you know how things are going with Joseph. Yes, Owen. How is he? Well, not much change in his mental condition, doctor. But he's in fine physical shape. Has he made an effort to speak yet? Not yet, doctor. Does he seem to recognize anything? Does he know the house or his wife? I can't be sure. Sometimes I think he died. Good. Good. Owen, I'll be out there next week. Meanwhile, keep me informed. Well, Owen, what's the news? Good news, Dr. Rush. He's even better than when you saw him last week. Is he working with the wood? Well, he sort of hacks at it. Nothing comes of it yet, but he sits there for hours and seems to enjoy it. That's what I want. Something that'll keep him interested. Make him forget himself and his troubles. I'm trying to get him to do work around the farm. Fine. But Owen's been most careful. Be sure he gets no shock of any kind. The physical conditions don't let any strangers scare him. This is the crucial time. If he comes through this, Owen, we've won. Oh, Benjamin? Yeah, I'm very busy. Well, I can't see anyone now. Please, Benjamin, they're so eager to see you. Oh, very well. Gentlemen. They're right here behind me, dear. Joseph. Mrs. Knight. Hello, Dr. Rush. I'm sorry to disturb you. Disturb me. Nothing. Come in and sit down. Joseph. Give it to the doctor now. No. Give it to him now. Doctor, for the first time, doctor, he spoke. Yes, Joseph. What is it? Doctor, do we have something for you here? I have something for you. You have, Joseph? What is it? A little water. A little water. What is it? A little wooden box. I made it myself. Joseph, this is very nice. He's been working on it for six weeks, doctor. And a lovely job he's done, too. You like it? Joseph, I can't tell you how much I like it. I can't tell you how much this little wooden box means to me. To us, too, doctor. Yes, my dear, I know you, too. I can now predict with confidence that I'm going to be able I can now predict with confidence that in a matter of a few months, Joseph will be perfectly normal. Please, gentlemen, Dr. Rush has the floor. Mr. Coats, you have seen this man, Joseph. Will you tell the committee his present state of health as opposed to what it was? Well, he seems to be perfectly normal. Gentlemen, I assure you he is normal and has been so for the past three months. There's been no relapse and no indication that there may be one. Now, I am not claiming that this can be done for all who are mentally ill, but it can be done for many. I beg you to grant funds for a mental hospital. Believe me, this request goes deeper than the well-being of individuals. This request affects the entire future welfare of this country for which all are with thought. It was my privilege to help create this nation with my signature on the Declaration of Independence. Yet I know that my work and Joseph's sacrifice will be wasted, utterly wasted, unless steps are taken to protect and maintain the well-being and health of all of our citizens. These means may seem strong words to you, yet you must realize that a nation is no stronger than the people who make up that nation. You gentlemen are in a position to serve our people. Serve them by creating this special hospital. Serve them by recognizing madness for the disease it is and by providing the means to conquer it, and you will have served them well. Oh, Mr. Codesign, sorry to have kept you waiting. Have you any news? Rush, you're wasting your time in the practice of medicine. Well, I couldn't understand. The hospital trustees had quite a discussion this afternoon after you left us. Yes. Oh, I have to draw pictures, man. You've got your hospital. I have the hospital. The necessary funds were approved almost as soon as you left the room. Well, when will the new building be started? Oh, never satisfied, eh, Rush? Well, it'll be started just as soon as you give the word. Immediately, started immediately. Right, immediately then.  But I guess you know what you're talking about. Thank you for your support, Mr. Codes. This is a great moment. A great moment for all of us. Are you really Dr. Reich? Oh, no, no. Come on in, Owen. I thought you might like to look over this report. The report? Yes. The first annual report of the Philadelphia Hospital for the Mentally Ill. Well, sounds like impressive, doesn't it? So, it's been a whole year since we started. Now, this seems possible. You won't say that after you see this report, Doctor. Good. Just look at this list of this child's patients. Yes. But only the simplest cases, I'm afraid, Owen. They weren't considered so simple before we started to work with them, Doctor. Nevertheless, I'm thinking of the failures we've had, the seemingly hopeless failures. Well, that's for the future to take care of, I suppose. Dr. Rush, do you really think that sometime all these people can be cured? Sometime, Owen, yes. Although I don't think you and I will see that time. But we have seen the end of cranking chains and the lash of whips in the manhouse. Our sufferers now taste the blessings of air and light.  Yet, even these things are not the true end of our battle. Indeed, this battle is not merely to feed and close their bodies, nor yet is it or their disease. Well, how shall I put it? It's to restore the disjointed mind of a fellow human being to its normal state, to revive in him the things for which a human being lives, and breathes, and fights, and to restore in him the knowledge of himself, his world, and his God. Sir, George Sanders will return to our base. Now, here is Gaines Whitman. One of the most bothersome problems in making steel is that of getting rid of scale. Scale is a thin film of impurities. The film covers the metal, and it must be removed in one way or another before the steel is used. But how? How do you get the scale off? Rub it off? Say somebody to take it off or what? These aren't foolish questions. Practically every square foot of steel made gives the manufacturer this problem how to make it clean and shining. Scale removal offers an example of the way chemistry solves many manufacturing problems quickly and cheaply. The scale that troubles the steel maker is largely an iron oxide. Depart has developed a process in which hot rolls, steel rods, wire, or sheet is dipped in a fused caustic bath containing sodium hydride. A chemical reaction takes place and the scale is changed to ordinary iron. The iron is in the form of a powder. It can be washed off easily with a hose. It sounds simple and it is simple once you know how. Finding out how was something else again. Dupont research groups worked on the process for three years. This chemical method, the Dupont sodium hydride descaling process, which requires very little equipment and very little work cleans all grades of alloy steels uniformly and thoroughly and it does it without making the steel brittle or eating any of it away. If by accident the metal is left in the bath too long, no harm is done. The time required is from 15 seconds to 20 minutes. The Dupont process also works on nickel, copper, monel, and a number of other metals. In one way or another you and I use a lot of steel. We have stainless steel implements in our kitchens. We patronize stainless steel soda mountains. We wear wrist watches with stainless steel backs. So everything that can help the steel manufacturer to reduce his cost is very much to our interest. And that is exactly what chemistry has done. Chemistry of Dupont. Maker of better things for better living through chemistry. Oh, here again is George Sullivan. Next Monday, that'll be Christmas Eve. Cavalcade has a special surprise for you. Frank Morgan will be on hand to star in an unusually delightful program. You'll be at home next Monday night, maybe with that son or husband who has been away for long.  Won't you join us on Christmas Eve for Names on the Land starring Frank Morgan on the Dupont Cavalcade of America. Music for tonight's Dupont Cavalcade was composed and conducted by Robert Ambruster. Our Cavalcade play was written by Lee Shane and was based on the book Benjamin Rush by Nathan Goodman. George Sanders may soon be seen in a scandal in Paris, the United Artists release. This is Tom Collins inviting you to listen next week to Frank Morgan in Names on the Land on the Cavalcade of America. Brought to you by the Dupont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. This is the National Broadcasting Company.


Surgical simulation has evolved significantly over the past few centuries, from using animal models and cadavers to more advanced robotic models. To ensure its effectiveness, four key components must be included in any simulation program, mandatory involvement, scale-based instruction, a standardized training plan, and overtraining. As technology advances, we expect to see a fusion of virtual reality and robotics with medical education and practice, depending on cost and economic feasibility. This article was authored by Mohamed Sohailisker, Balakshar Zaman, and I'm a zahid.