I bet at one time or another you had something like this where you have multiple classes inside of a parent and you want to select the first one of those classes and none of the other ones. So you jump on over to your CSS and you try enth of type and it doesn't work like you expected it to in that it just doesn't work at all. Now the reason that this isn't working is because the enth of type here is looking to see if color accent is the first of its type meaning the first paragraph inside of the article here. The first paragraph that it comes across is not a color accent so it does not match. And to show this if we move this to be the first paragraph in the article it is now the this color accent is the first of its type so the first paragraph inside the article and now it is getting the color right on it and this is incredibly frustrating that there is not an easy way to do it except this is coming to CSS and not only is it coming it is one of the features that was added to Chrome 111 along with a whole bunch of other really amazing CSS things and it's already supported by Safari. Now browser support for it is not perfect yet so please don't start using this in production we're going to talk more about browser support in a second though but let's see how we can do this even if my paragraph is not the first thing there but I still want to select the first paragraph of a specific class. So while this one is not working what we can do is come in and say we want to choose our article and then I'm going to use instead of an nth of type we're going to use an nth child so we use our nth child and in here where it's really cool is we can say one of and then color accent and I bet you that you can see here uh VS code is very mad at me for trying this but let's select this paste it in here and oh my goodness it has worked and I just realized the font size wasn't actually getting bigger but there we go we can make a larger font size as well. The syntax highlighting here has not made it to VS code yet but we're saying one of color accent so the first of that class that is within our article and it is working so I could change this to a two and it's going to be the second one you could also do two n just like before it will choose every second one and we definitely do need to be careful with browser support with all of these amazing new features that are coming to CSS which there are many many many of and my new rule for making videos on these things is once two browsers support it then I can make a video on it so we have support for this in two browsers now so I feel like it's good to start getting the word out and letting people know that these exist and they are coming and I already know there's probably comments down below saying I can't use this for six years because of internet explorers but the reality of it is with today's browsers things are moving incredibly quickly if we just look at has and container queries they're both beyond 80% support already even though they're relatively new and things just really can move quickly and we can also use these as progressive enhancements where we're adding a little bit of extra for people who have the support and so even if somebody is on an older device that can't update the browser like an old phone or something like that it's not the end of the world they still have a working experience even if it's not a perfect one and if you want to know more about that I actually talked about this years ago in this video right here so if you're curious about that sort of mindset you can check that video right now and with that I would like to thank my neighbors of awesome Johnny Michael Ralph Simon and Tim as well as all my other patrons on Patreon and of course until next time don't forget to make your corner the internet just a little bit more awesome


Hey guys real estate gaming here today, we're gonna be playing spud bombs day of terror Oh, God I don't know what to expect from this game except for to be scary right because it says turn the title so let's start Okay, play game. Oh God Okay, so it appears like we're inside a oh look spud bombs up there with Patrick they oh they're like hippies You guys see their face Okay Can we run I don't know the controls for this game Is there any control layout? safe zone, okay, so the safe zone is The restrooms that looks like okay the restrooms and this place when So what exactly are we hiding from? Okay, I Think we're supposed to go grab some snow. Okay. I saw that guy What is that thing?  Okay, so he was over there. Let's run this way. Oh, no How do you know when he's behind you? Okay No, I think the guy's coming after me Oh God Okay, well, oh, that's a hamburger left click. I got one dollar and fifty cents. Oh No, oh no, I hear him No, get away from me. Oh God, I have three dollars Where is he at? Oh? Jesus Oh, no No, he's right behind us. Let's try to get to the house before he catches us run faster spud mom. Come on. I Don't want to get caught by this witty guy holding a balloon. It's not even a real balloon. It's like a glove. Oh God, okay, we made it back into the house safe and sound. I don't know you guys. Uh, I Think we're supposed to collect more stuff Okay, uh, okay. I think I got everything on the right side of the map I'm just as scared to go out there. I need to eat it with me or at least Gary. Oh We have to buy this ticket to get the bus And we only have half not even half the cost Which is nine dollars Okay, uh Hopefully this witty guy doesn't pop up and get me. Oh, yeah, we can hide in the restrooms. I forgot Oh God We were safe in here, right? Oh No He's right there. I think we're safe in here. Please don't get me. I don't want to start over bad He's right outside. Why does it make it like a farting noise at any time? Okay, I see like a pair of signs glasses outside across from us We're supposed to get to those Okay, hopefully doesn't pop up. Come on We have six dollars you guys and we need a total of nine dollars to get that bus ticket We're so close but yet so far away. Oh, no, he's camping over there by the shades Okay, he seems to be walking down that way Okay, no No, hopefully doesn't pop up in front of me. Oh God Where is he at? I don't hear him anywhere. This is going to restroom Okay, we have seven point five. We have seven dollars and fifty cents out Where the other stuff? Oh I see something over there. Okay. Wait the music's getting louder. That doesn't sound very good Okay, I don't see him anywhere. What does that sign say rock bottom? Oh God, no, I think he's gonna get me on this one you guys if he does I'm gonna be angry I'm gonna rage Oh Okay, I don't see him anywhere Do you guys see him anywhere? Man, I hope this guy. Oh, no, he's all the way down there. Okay. Let's go back in here so he could be safe Why does it keep farting? Okay, he seems to be going that way Yeah, that way. Oh God wait. Oh, we have nine dollars to be exact Okay, I don't want to rush to the house because I saw him running that direction So what if I run over there and he just gets me right in front of the door? Where is he at? Come out and play mr. Weenie hut. Oh God I think he's like right outside No, he is look away look away Spongebob No Okay, this is our chance to run run for your life Okay It seems like we're clear. I don't think he's anywhere. Oh god the door scared me It was just the doors opening Nice. We made it back Yes, we have nine dollars left click buy ticket here. Oh look the ticket. I mean the bus is coming The way did we get on it? Do we manage to escape that guy? Wait, what happened? Oh, no You better not be camping out here. I swear.  Are you kidding me? That was it That wasn't so hard it was pretty easy actually Okay, let's just try it one more time Let's just try to get the stuff right off the bat without hiding If you catch us then we'll just stop the game since I really didn't beat it Okay, let's just go. Let's go for it. Let's go for it. Let's see how fast we can beat this Low it's just that you can't run if you were able to run it would be way better. Oh Oh No, he's all the way down there. Okay. He's pretty far. We have time Okay, so we grab the pair of shades Now let's get this Calpsey Give me my Calpsey. No get away Dude, he's definitely coming towards us candy. Why would there be a candy machine right out in the open of rock bottom? That's very creepy Okay, I don't see this guy anywhere. Oh god Where is he? I don't see him any. Oh god. He's right behind us. No, no, no Oh that guy. I'm just gonna go in fast and never run back out. Oh No, he's still coming after us. Oh, okay. Let's see what happens if he grabs us. Let's let him grab us Come over here. Mr. Fartman. Where'd it go? Just when I was about to surrender to him. Come on. Are you kidding me guy? Okay What is that seaweed or something? Oh, we found some kelp Yama I want a kelp bar Okay, we have four dollars. We have half of the amount of what we need for that ticket. Oh Yeah, let's see grab me. Oh Okay, so nothing scary actually really happens when he captures you I Actually want to see what he is. I didn't really pay attention Okay, uh Let's go back out. Let's have a look around actually Okay, so what is this place? This is the bus station No, stay away from me. I'm trying to look around man. Oh, no Restrooms Let's see how he looks.  It looks funny with those glasses Okay, I'm gonna see if I find any like secret or like Something weird about the game This so we find anything interesting besides his nasty hamburger that has like antennas and eyeballs coming out of it Oh, it has a dirty sock in it. That's so nasty Why can't we what we can't grab it? I'm pressing left click and it's not grabbing it. Oh Like think the game is broken Okay, we grab that one We can't grab this one over here No The game doesn't want me to win anymore Whatever man Just grab my spatula Can we just climb up there without the bus come on. I know you have superpowers SpongeBob Okay, so you can't even do anything. Well, where's mr. Winnie guy at? Man, I think she's I don't even see him anywhere anymore. Just like disappeared. Oh God, whatever. Oh There you go. Where is he at? You can hear his farts Doesn't sound so pleasant Where'd he go?  Oh god, what? That was weird, okay, you guys so thank you guys for watching the game was it was fun I'd recommend you guys to try it out. I mean if you guys like Spongebob, you know if you don't then just stick to Roblox All right. I'll see you guys next time


everyone and welcome to another edition of Pitch Brand Talk. Our guest today has been in the news in the recent past when Google delisted the company's app from Google Play Store. He has been one of the leading proponents in voicing concerns of the Indian startup ecosystem when it comes to GPPS, that is the Google Play Billion system. I'm pleased to welcome Mr. Murgavel Janki Raman, founder and CEO of matrimony.com. Sir, thank you so much for taking time out. Thank you for the opportunity. So I just want to start off with the recent delisting of over 100 apps from matrimony of matrimonies from Google Play Store. This has been an ongoing issue and the delisting happened despite ongoing legal proceedings at the competition's commission of India and also at the Supreme Court. Now post the government's intervention, the apps are back on Google Play Store. How do you look back at the past week and what transpired? So first of all, I want to share my deep appreciation to our Honorable Ministers, Sri Aspini Vaishnoji and Sri Rajiv Sandrasekarji because when the apps were deleted on Friday afternoon, because Google sent an email or a note somewhere in the morning around 10 or 11 and another couple of hours, they started deleting a lot of apps. It's not really for matrimony.com. They deleted apps of various companies. Matrimon alone over 150 apps got deleted. We also know that, you know, Naqrish, Shari, there are so many other companies, apps were also deleted. So that came with a big shock considering that it's in Supreme Court and CCA also revving the matter because our contention was that, while there is a clear verdict, Google has been not adhering to the CCA vetting. He went to the contravention petition to CCI, CCA revving the matter, for whatever reason, for one year they did not pick up the matter. Now they had the matter, the judgment is awaited. And what was the urgency for Google to, you know, send an email on Friday, that one Friday and deleting apps the end of the day, you know, by night all the apps are gone.  Then, you know, thankfully the government got involved, the ministers got involved in spite of the busy schedule. They called both the parties understood the issue. One of the immediate as from our side was not one of the immediate as from our side was get our apps back as it was pre to the delisting. So Google has agreed, now all our apps are back on Play Store after four days for us matrimony. While others are immediately confined very next year, they complete the Google billing payments system because they want to get our apps back. Our case, majority of apps, almost more than 90% apps, we decided not to accept it till we got some clarity. And finally, all our apps got reinstated as of yesterday and we want that. After Google believes that it has the right to implement the business model, its own business model, while the homegrown app developers remain committed to non-GPPS systems. So while the stalemate continues, what is the way ahead? What do you see? How do you see the way ahead? So this is the thing about the issue about not about the GPPs. GPPs, the way it is implemented. What Google is telling that? Let me talk about the multiple things about Google sort of in a way communicating its appears that what is wrong in asking people to implement GPPs. The companies, app developers, you know, use various third party payment gateways, spend between 1 to 2% for all the payment process, processing services. So someone paying money on Bharat matrimony, use various payment gateway like reserve pay, pay you various payment gateway. They charge us a GPP and all, very less. It is a close to zero percentage. So it varies from zero percentage to close to zero percentage to maybe 1.5 percentage. What Google is telling that? Bharat matrimony should use only Google building payment system. A 50 percentage compared to 1.5 percentage. What do you pay for? Other payment gateways. So why? Because the market charges 1 percentage or 1.5 percentage. Google says you are forced to use, if you don't use my only building payment system, which is 10 times more, 20 times more, which is some other company that wants to have 30 percentage.  Okay, suddenly one come, you know, because of Google, you're able to do all those things because Google controls the app ecosystem, 95% markets in India. They're able to do all those things. Okay, if you don't do that, I'll remove the app from the Play Store. They're forcing companies. Look guys, either accept or you're out. It's more like putting gun on your head. Okay, if you want to sign this paper, imagine the movie, the villain comes.  Okay, that's what they've been doing it now. They've sent that, okay, either accept or I'll put it deleted. So that has happened even in Akri and Shari.com. The very next day, they accept the concept model because they say, look, the app will be out of the Play Store. Imagine what the app developer, smart app developer do that, you know, when someone is threatening that look, your app will be deleted. And the thing is not about GPPs. They say, look, you have to use only my payment system or app will be deleted. Google will be three options. One is GPPs, which is 15 to 30 percent. The other one is they say called user choice of billing. What user choice are billing? You are allowed to use that party payment gateways, but still you have to share 11 to 26 percent with Google. Even if you're allowed to use that party, still I have to pay 11 percent by revenue to Google or 26 percent by revenue to Google. Okay, there is a user choice of billing, second option. Google allows you to use that party billing, but still forces you to share the financial data and you have to pay 11 to 25 percent revenue to Google. That's a second choice of user choice of billing. The third option Google calls is conception model. What is a conception model? Is that you are not allowed to collect payment at all? The basically thing is about, it's not about Google billing issue. It's being bundled. It's being forced, not selective. What's selective is that Google telling only the company's operating picture services, jobs, education, matrimony, media, entertainment, only this company to pay. Doesn't applicable for e-commerce companies, food delivery companies, travel companies. There are hundreds of companies. Probably they may consume more. What are the place to own? This company exempted. That's a separate thing. It's not that it's a uniform thing on the way. That's also wrong. You can't enforce bundle it all because you are restricted practices. As a monopoly, you are doing restricted practices compared to market which charge you 11.5. You want to charge 10 times. I think that is the wrong thing. Assume that you are the only cement manufacturer in India. Suddenly telling me my price is going to go up by 100%. Are they not going to sell it at all? See, when you are a competitor, when a multiple player, the market determines the prices. No one company has the opportunity to increase the water price. Since Google is being 90% they are able to do all the things because they say I want to delete your apps. You mentioned the word monopoly and about Google's dominance. Do you believe or is there any chance that this can happen again? That's a challenge. That's a fear because Google control 90% have reached India. They are such a dominant player. Whether they do it again, I'm not sure but they can because being such a thing. Until otherwise, the government takes necessary steps to prevent that happening again. Government intervened now because the ministry made it very clear. Look, this is not acceptable. If it become a law, there is a digital competition act is coming. If they are able to make it as a part of law, then Google cannot do it. Currently, it's sort of is nothing prevents from them doing it because they look, you are not following my policy, they can delete it. Who decides the policy? Google decides the policy. Tomorrow, Google can change the policies. As soon as Google takes tomorrow, I don't want to operate Play Store for matrimony services. I'm just telling you for discussion purpose. Tomorrow, Google says, sorry, our Play Store is not for matrimony services. It's a private company. Say, the internet is supposed to be free. 20 years ago, when we set a website, we set a website, we promote our business. Only we are abide by the laws of the land. Today is a Google. You have to also abide by the laws of the Google. So, internet access happened through apps. Apps is controlled by Google. It's important that we understand the implications of this one. Is Google to conduct a responsive manner? Good and a lot of great things. Immense respect for Google for what they are doing. The concern has been that they are abusing the dominant issue. Moving on, how would you assess the performance of matrimony.com in this year? And what is the growth that you've seen? And how are you looking to close the financial year? See, we've been growing of CAJRA around 71% in the likes of consumer growth showing in India. But definitely we're taking steps to accelerate our growth. We are looking at launching new initiatives. We are going to launch LOW.com, ELUB.com is a matchmaking app for people to want to find a meaningful LOW. We announced the launch of Mera LOW, excluding dating platform Indian Americans. So we have some new initiatives which are planned and launched. We hope that combination of the new initiatives, plus there are plans to accelerate a growth in existing services that we are operating. And for elite matrimony, we also started setting up KIAs in the airport. And some of the airport is at elite matrimony KIAs. So we are looking at some new initiatives, new expansion strategies. We hope that combination of both new initiatives, plus the strategy working on driving the growth in existing initiatives will offer better growth in the coming years. You just highlighted some of your new business models that was your weddingbasad.com, mandel.com and community matrimony.com. Can you elaborate a little bit more, how did this help your company and what would it add to the bottom line? What has been the additional Red Room Bazaar, mandel.com. I've been there for a while. And so this year the plan is to, I've been working on to get to the breaking level. We hope coming quarters we'll have to touch the breaking on these business. Mandel.com is a venue discovery platform. There are people looking at booking a wedding venue. We have close to over 50,000 venues listed on mandel.com. So the weddingbasad is a marketplace for wedding services. One wants to find a photographer, makeup artist, planners and the main the artist. They can find those people in our platform. It's a marketplace for wedding services. Sir, last year I just want to also get one input from you on your marketing. You had fabulous campaigns last year. Be it the controversial but really thought-provoking holy campaign. Then when you introduce Arvind Ayer AI and now also your recent campaign with Vidya Balan which focused on cyber security, which focused on the importance of being safe online. So how has your marketing and advertising also evolved this year? My credit goes to my marketing team. They did a great job. And even our TV campaign on matchmaking is finding life based on obvious and interest. So because a lot of youngsters, they look for match, matching their obvious and interest. So that was the current TV campaign we do for BharatMateemi.com. So we continue to look at the core insights. Because for BharatMateemi always being there, helping people to find the right life partner and help them with their happy married life. So we look for the core insight. One of the commercial is rated as the top 10 commercial top by Aknami 10 years ago or I don't know exactly which year. The Suda, we call it Suda commercial internally is basically how the husband is supporting the wife she wants to work. Because the thing is about, so get married to someone who cares for what you love as an insight. If you are really passionate about work, get married to someone who's working with that. If you don't get married to that person, obviously that person you don't work. Or if you want to be a dancer, get married to someone who support your passion. So if you are passionate about something, get married to someone who support your passion. That was because majority of women wants to work. They want to get married to the husband who are working with the woman working in the under. So that was the equality committed to Dhoni. Because they actually equaled in the relationship. So like we already look for the, it's not about for a campaign campaign, further about the core insight or the transmission we want to bring to the society. It's important that there's equality in the relationship, that Dhoni comes to launch equality. Like that you look for core insight for the marketing not being okay, communicating the brand. They're communicating either core insights or transforming the changes which you want to bring to the society. So would you be looking at upping your advertising addicts or advertising revenue next year? Are you looking to increase it? We spend around 170 crore on marketing every year. Yeah, every year the marketing spend is continuing to rise. Yeah, it may further go. So you know, privacy is very important for all individuals because particularly when it comes to women, you know, who put out their details on the website, on the app, on the website. So and this is also related to cybersecurity measures. So can you just tell us, you know, what are the cybersecurity measures that you have undertaken to curb cyber frauds? Yeah, one thing what you're seeing is that, I think thanks to the growth of social media, today, actually, people are putting a lot more information everywhere. Today, people are, I don't think anymore of this kind of inhibition of putting information. In fact, today people are putting much more photos on social media, much more thing on everywhere. So when you started, it was not the case. In the matrimony, one of us said, we have put the photos.  So that we can actually, you know, people, people are sharing information that it's not an issue. And also we even all the control to the users, really the user choice, what they want to show, what they want to limit okay. If they want to photo, I might want my photos to be seen only by the people who might contact or accept that option is there. So like the lot of control, my phone number, whether I want to keep it, you know, only to the paid members or I don't want anyone to see the phone number. I think for our thing about, yes, it is about your profile, you have the complete control over what information you want to show, what information you don't want to show. If there are certain, if you have the photo open, you'll get a better response. If you don't have the photo open, yeah, the response goes down. It is choice, you have the exercise and all the things. But as a platform, you can all the choices to use. Sir, you also recently launched Mira Love, an exclusive dating app for Americans. What prompted this move to this dating app space from the matrimony space? See, when I was in the US, I went to the US in the year 1986. So a lot of my friends, you know, because rather that I was 24, 25 years old, a lot of my friends, you know, a lot of Indians moved to the US in the late 90s. Today, I have a lot of friends in the US and today they are son of daughter. Either the children born in India now all become US citizens or the children born in the US are US citizens. Today, they are around 23, 24, that's age group. And they are pretty much American, whether Indian, but again, it is a combination Indian plus American, they want to date. At the same time, there is a preference of a wanted date Indian person to large extent. Okay, I think that's the population had grown over a fair time because late 90s where the first wave of migration happened to the US that continue and post 2000 also. So I think we see there's opportunity for Indian Americans because they want to date dating and they want to, the preference about do a dating among Indians. We thought why not try it out as to see dating of Indian Americans and see how it goes. So it's one of the, well, you see matrimonial known for all various segmentation. We run 300 plus matrimonial site, religion, community, special sites. We thought, okay, let's have one more this offering and see how it goes. The service becomes successful here, probably may expand to other countries also. So you know, Tinder and all have also become quite popular in India, particularly with the Gen Z generation. So would you look at also extending Mira Love to India and other markets? India is love.com, luv.com. We are going to launch love.com in the next couple of months. It's not a dating site. It's a relationship site. It's helped people to find a meaningful relationship. It's basically a, you know, there are people, okay, I want to fall in love and I want to interact or, you know, spend time, I mean, talk to each other, understand better. There are people have different approach towards how they want to get married. We can come to matrimonial site, you know, they search contact, they also have the feeling of, okay, I'm in a control of my thing. They have the feeling of, okay, falling in love through matrimonial site. Now this is another choice of falling in love through our luv.com. So it's a choice given to users. Matrimonial site come, see, prosper, talk to them, understand, get married. You know, the immediate goal is in love.com doesn't immediate goal of getting married. That way people want to take immediate goal out, but mostly to fall in love, then you decide when you want to get married. And finally, sir, looking ahead, what else can we expect from matrimony.com in terms of new initiative? You've just mentioned when you launch expansion growth. What can you tell us? Yeah, we'll continue to look at what are the opportunities in the matchmaking space. Mara love on love.com is an outcome of that strategy. Can you look for opportunity to expand and try to get in on some adjacent area as possible? Yeah, we continue to evaluate this option. Thank you so much for taking time out from your busy schedule. Thank you so much again for taking time out to speak to us. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you for the opportunity.


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All right, so it's 10-0-3. Let's go ahead and get started. We'll probably be a smaller group today, which is great. Hopefully we'll have plenty of time to answer all of your questions before we wrap up today. So welcome to the workshop on incorporating FAO library resources into your online courses. We're scheduled to run until 11 today, so we'll make sure that we wrap up by then to respect everyone's time. My name is Gina Schleselman-Tranco. If I haven't met you already, I am the coordinator of library instruction at the FAO library. Before I cover what we're going to review today, I just want to really quickly let you know about some of our upcoming workshops in case you didn't see this. So next Tuesday, my colleague Barbara is going to be offering a workshop on streaming video. She'll cover that a little bit today. Today is sort of a quick snapshot of some of these other workshops where we'll have more time to go into more detail. Next Wednesday, my colleague Eric and I are going to be covering digital resources to support student research. So I'm going to discuss more in detail about instruction options as well as digital collections that we have and that are available elsewhere for student research. My colleague Stacy on August 5th will be going into more detail about online course readings. So if you have lots of questions that come up today, this might be a good one to attend focusing on books and articles. Finally, my colleague Kim is going to be offering a session on August 12th about copyright and your course specifically looking at fair use in the online teaching environment. So let me navigate back to where I was. My colleagues today include Stacy Magadance, who is the coordinator of electronic resources and serials. Hi, Stacy. Barbara Corten, who is the coordinator of library media services. Hi, Barbara. Kim Wabek, who is our head of access services. And then myself again, I am the coordinator of our library instruction program. So before we get started, I'm going to run a quick poll here in zoom just to see where everyone's at as far as their experience with using library resources and online teaching environment. So you should all see this poll and that asks, have you incorporated file library resources into your online courses. The options are yes, a lot. Yes, but spring was the first time because we were all forced to write, or you have never done so. So there are responses coming in. Do you all see those results. Okay, great. So it looks like the majority of us have not so this will hopefully be really useful information for you. For those of you who have incorporated library resources this spring. If anything comes up and you have tips or tricks that worked. Don't hesitate to share those with us. I'm going to go ahead and turn it over to Stacy. And like I said, we'll have time for questions and answers at the end for q amp a so go ahead and hold any questions you have. We might, you might find that as we you know progress through the workshop today we answer some of those questions that come up. All right so Stacy it's all yours. You're muted Stacy. Thank you. I'm going to set myself a timer, so that I do not yak on and on. Okay, so hello everyone my name is Stacy Magnance I am the coordinator for electronic resources here at file library. I'm going to talk about some basics about linking to library subscription based resources in your blackboard courses. So, as you are hopefully aware we have many many useful resources online. The vast majority of which are behind paywalls, meaning the library subscribes on behalf of the university so that all of our students and employees can use them. You might recall earlier this spring when the closers first came down I sent out a lot of messages about publishers having made their resources temporarily free. They were able to stay removing them from behind their paywalls, which was quite unusual and now most of that material is gone, but that might have prompted you to ask. How is it that people know when you are paying for something or not paying for something if they are keeping their content secured in that way. The way that publishers and information providers do this is by accommodation of a couple of things, either by requiring a login from your home institution and they will know that your home institution is a subscriber, or by, for example, navigating through the network. But in all cases they do require some sort of login. So, in order to make these things available to your students seamlessly, you need to be a little bit conscious of how you link to them. So I'm going to show you a couple of basic things about that. And in an effort to preserve bandwidth, I will stop my video and I will share my screen. There we go. Okay, so I did put into the chat a link to our library guide on linking to library resources. There is a page with all sorts of detailed instructions on it. And normally there's a couple of ways you can get to that. We do have a whole section here on the library's homepage of our library guides. But the simplest way to pull it up is here in one search if you just type the word linking. I've set one search so that if you type that word it will point you to this linking to library resources guide. So this is intended for any instructor who wants to use our resources in their web pages. So the basics, you do need to have a stable or a durable URL, something that isn't going to go away. There are some databases that provide what are called dynamic URLs and they don't stay. EBSCO host is one of the big examples of that. So you want to watch for things that say stable or durable. This is a proxy server and that's this information here. That's one of those things I mentioned that will route users through the right login, no matter where they are, so that they will get seamless access. And so there's a couple of ways you can approach this. If you want to link directly to say a article in one of our databases and out on the web such as Wiley online library for instance you can link directly to it, but you might need to add this little bit of proxy information. The other way you can get around this is to link to something of the libraries, for instance, one of our library guides or one of our lists of databases or even things from one search. Let me give you just a very quick taste of what some of that is like. And you will notice too before I leave this, there are tabs on this guide for different types of things that you might want to link to in one of your courses. So I'm going to show you a real simple one with an ebook from, this is one search, the library's big broad search that covers both books, articles, videos, all kinds of things, but I'm here looking at only ebooks. And so here's a book that is available online. And when I click the title, if I look up at the top, it has a thing called a permalink that is also a stable link or a durable link. There's different terminology for those. And we have a couple of different copies of this we have it in a couple of different places. So I could if I wanted to find out on that. I could if I wanted to link directly to one of these. But it's just easier to take the permalink that's here. And I click permalink, it gives me this, I say copy permalink to clipboard, which I have done. And now if I wanted to go over to my blackboard course, I am here in my content section I want to add some content. I typically just throw these in as web links. So I would just get my web link here I would paste that stable durable URL. This is a pandemic ebook right you can call it whatever you want. You can give it a description if you want to. And then when you're done, you can just say submit. And then you will have a link to that item here is my pandemic ebook. And this is where it would take your students. So then hop on to whatever link they wanted. And so that's, that's the easiest way is to just copy if it's in one search just copy the permalink in one search. Another way to go about this. Some of the libraries individual databases. Here I have EBSCA host academic search premier. Some of our individual databases also have permalinks. So here say is an article, a full text article and I want to go ahead and link my students to it so that they can read it. Here is the full text and there's this long URL up here, and you might be tempted to copy that but but that one has two problems. First of all, it's not stable. And it's a little bit iffy how it's including the proxy information. So here again you have a permalink down at the side here in this permalink. EBSCA host has gone ahead and put hopefully you can see it there, the proxy information for me so I don't have to do anything to it I could again just copy and paste that into my blackboard course. There will be other situations where you know if you want to as I said link directly to something in a big database like Wiley or Springer, where you might need to do that manual work of first pasting the prefix on to the URL that you copy. But all of that is covered in great detail on our library guide here about linking. And if it is a subject that interests you I will be, as Gina mentioned, doing a full session on just this will actually also quickly how to find these things and then also how to link to them. I'll be doing that in its own session later on. So I am kind of at the edge of my time so I will stop. All right, I'm good. Thanks Stacy, this is Barbara. Hello everybody. I'm going to share my screen. Everybody see that. So hello everybody. I'm Barbara Corten. I'm the coordinator of media services right now in this in the file library. And I am very happy to see your, your thumbnails, and I wish we could get together in person I hope you're all really doing well during this very unfortunate and somewhat challenging time, but I'm going to turn off my video. So all you see is my thumbnail, and I thought we could talk about how to locate streaming video for your online courses. So the library has several streaming video databases. And today I'll introduce you to just a few of them. If you're interested in a more in depth look I'm offering another zoom workshop next Tuesday, July 28 at 10am. So we start at the library homepage, and we'll use one search, which for us it, it searches at all of the library's collection, but for today and for my area here, it searches all of our video databases at once. So if you have a topic, and you want to see what videos we have on that topic, just type it here. And my topic today is racism. And you need to always choose books and media. Now you'll see that there are many results, but we are getting some books. So we should go immediately to the left hand side and click on video. These will be all of the videos that have to do with racism that are available. So that's a long list. Sometimes you can change this sort to date newest if you'd like to see the one that's the newest. And so let's look at it. It's called cooked survival by zip code. We can just click on the title. We just get more information about this video. But the most important part here is to take a look where it says online, excuse me, available online at this one is available on doc you seek to this is one of our databases, and I'll just give you a quick peak. So this is doc you seek and this is where we would click on the arrow to begin the video, but please notice that there are many other things going on here. You can see a full description of the video. You can see reviews and this is really important and your students will be very happy about it. You can choose a citation style and then just copy and paste it into the your bibliography or your reference works, your reference page. And I would love to begin this video but we could go off on on a tangent so I won't do that today. But again, we'll be doing a lot of this next week too. So we'll go back to one search and we'll take a look at if you have a specific title in mind. Let's say that one of your fat your colleagues suggested a particular video and you want to find out if we have it. So you just type in the title. And again, we do books and media, and then video. If you have it, it will be the first or second hit and make sure that you choose the one that says video, not the one that says DVD because in in COVID times this may not work for you. So you would just click on that to get more information about the video. And you can find out where it is online and in this case, it's in one of our databases academic video online which we call Avon. Let's peek at that. So you can see that it jumps you right into the film itself, and you, you get all of these various pieces of information up here, and there's that beloved citing tool that your students will be thrilled about. And then of course, browse each database on its own. So you would just completely bypass one search and choose a database here, and then go down. This is an alphabetical list. Go to video. And these are all our video databases. I'll do a quick intro of some of them. We were just in Avon academic video online. And it's our biggest video database with around 700 excuse me 7000 videos. There are documentaries, lectures, interviews, counseling sessions and newsreels and so on. It's massive. And because it's so big, it covers most disciplines. We have media education foundation, and it really has some beautifully produced and thought provoking documentaries on gender and culture and race and mass media. And it produces MEF produces and distributes its own documentaries, but they don't have a streaming service. So they use canopies platform. See it says canopy here, but the collection is actually the media education foundation. And we were just in doc you seek to. And this is documentaries by independent filmmakers. It's a small collection and it has about 800 films on social and environmental issues. And you may have heard of canopy. It offers movies and foreign films and classic cinema and it has an awesome interface and it is much beloved across the country. However, for us, only faculty may request new titles from canopy because it's a little bit more expensive and and so on from our annual databases because we have to sort of rent them all individually. And so there will be much more about that piece next week. The thing that students love about all these databases is that they all have that citation tool and that gives them the freedom to to choose a film that they really want for their topic. While knowing that they have help in citing it. So now, as Stacy mentioned earlier, you can link directly to videos in your blackboard course and Stacy created a library guide here. Streaming video tips for instructors. And that will give you everything you need to know about how to link to a video. Basically, I won't go over it, but basically when you're at the main page of a video like we were before. You copy the URL and make sure that the URL has the library's proxy prefix in it, which is this. You paste it into a content item, usually a web link in your blackboard course. But remember, if it doesn't have that proxy prefix, it's not going to play. So there are other library guides here that will help you, for example, if you need more information about canopy. If you feel like you might want to use streaming video in your course, this library guide will give you some suggested web pages that you can go to for suggested assignments and so on. There's a lot of information out there. Many faculty are beginning to incorporate video into their classrooms. And it's very engaging for the students and faculty to find it to be a very good addition to their class. Now there's some times that you may or your students may run into technical issues when you are playing videos and in anticipation of that, we've created this page that gives you some of the more common problems and some possible solutions to that. So it looks like I am out of time. And I will thank you. And I will pass it along to my colleague Kim Wilbock, who is the head of access services for the library. Thank you Barbara. And good morning everybody. As head of access services, you as you're passing through the library, you may have seen me at the checkout desk, and I also oversee interlibrary loan, which we'll be talking about in a moment. So what I wanted to make sure everybody knew about today is a little bit more information about what we offer through course reserves, as well as interlibrary loan, and perhaps a little bit of info about copyright interest burst in there as well. So the first thing that and the most important as we end our summer term and get into full gear for our new fall semester is the course reserves, which traditionally have been the majority of the materials are on print. Now how does that course reserves collection develop. So really what happens is the library is in contact with the bookstore, working backwards here and the bookstore gets their information from you the faculty member who teaches the class and is letting them know the required books that you will be using in your class. So the library takes that list. We figure out what we own already what we can purchase. And I say can because unfortunately we're not able to purchase everything as part of the affordable learning solutions initiative here on campus we do dedicate a certain percentage of our funds to textbooks required books because not already on that all textbooks are not all required books or textbooks. As we'll see in a moment. But we are not able to purchase everything. So and in this world of COVID now what our efforts have really been directed to is purchasing ebooks when available from our various vendors and from the various publishers and that has seen some success, but really need to let you know that we are not able to purchase all of the required textbooks as ebooks. And that's for a couple different reasons probably the most major one is some of the larger companies such as Pearson. Pearson's the biggest one that I can think of off top my head actually do not allow libraries to purchase institutional copies of ebook textbooks. Because as you can imagine they would like to have the students purchase them or rent them. So we try to help as much as we can and we'll talk about what our options are in just a moment. So first is how do you get to course reserves to see what's there. So I'm on the library homepage I scroll down a little bit and you'll see that course reserves has its own tile. It is a separate section of our library catalog. This is the most direct way to get there and this is how your students do it and you can see that we already have a number of courses listed. So you can search by the course number or instructors name, and that will appear and I'll just click on one here to show you what that looks like. So the anything that has been required that the library has for biology 431 will show up here as a link and this is a link to the catalog as well. But what you'll see here is who wrote the book, how long it can be checked out for so a student can come and check out this book for two hours. And you'll notice that it has a different call number. So what this basically is is a personal copy that the professor bar lent to the library so that students could use them. And if I click on this. Another piece of information that is important as well, especially if the student is at the library in person is if it's available or not so turns it looks like we have one copy and that copy happens to be available on the shelf. But first to back up a half step a little bit about a little bit more about how those books get on reserve so I talked about previously that the library will put the titles on reserve that we already own. And that we are able to purchase and so you'll see them with a traditional library call number which is letters and numbers. So those are the fact that we cannot purchase all of the books, or we may not have enough copies of the required title to support the number of students in the class. Historically, a lot of faculty members have had their own copies that they have contributed to the course reserve collection, perhaps for the term that they're teaching a particular class in, or just as a permanent addition. So those copies as you see here are assigned a different type of call number to make it easy for staff to locate to borrow to students. So in this case actually a little information about that because for the fall semester as all courses will be online. We are waiting on information from the bookstore to find out a more complete list of required books that are being that will be used for fall semester. And we may, we will be working probably the first through the first couple weeks of fall semester to actually let me get back to course reserves to develop a more complete course reserves list that will be visible through here. And if you search it right away for your course number now that you're teaching the fall we have not started that work yet so you will not find it. What we're doing is actually cleaning up as would say our old course reserves because all the course numbers and the names are changing. So we are anticipating putting in all new information. So once we get the information from the bookstore and about the books we will go through our process. However, if you have not, if you as the faculty member have not communicated either with your department or with the bookstore as to what book you're using you may not find that on here. And you are welcome to contact the circulation desk or myself personally to let us know about your book on reserve and we will try to add it so either we will own it or we will try to purchase it. And again, the more notice we have the better because there is no guarantee that we can purchase your book. So, with that said so I'm talking a lot about the physical collections, but knowing that all of our courses online or will be online how does that help if we have the physical book. So there's a couple things that we can do for you, we will not be checking out physical copies of course reserves to students in the fall because of difficulties with quarantining that material to make sure that it is germ free for the next user. But what I can do for you. Let's go back to the home screen. If the book is not, oh dear, if the book is not available as an ebook. If I go home. And what I'm going to do is click on our online library information that we've developed specifically for coven. And we're going to go here to textbook info faculty information. And I believe I'm in the wrong place. And that's more information about how we purchase ebooks and such. I apologize because I know, oh here we go. Unfortunately, I had the our thumbnails in place in over the piece I needed. So under textbooks faculty information. There is a box called course reserves during closure. So what we can do is scan a few chapters of your required textbook. What will happen is I will we will scan it, I will mail it to you or email it to you and you can put it in blackboard for access by your entire class. We do not make scan requests for students, but just for faculty be the goal is to make a scan of the chapters you request accessible to as many people as possible. And that would be through the class you're teaching through the blackboard class. We're pretty quick about these scans. So there's just some basic information that we need and then you submit it and it gets sent to me and then we will be in contact about that. The other service I wanted to make sure that you're aware of fully is our interlibrary loan service, which is free to the entire campus community staff students and faculty. And you may have already used it in the past, but it's never a bad thing to be reminded about free services. So to make a request, there's a number of different ways you can make requests so we won't go through all of them now. You do need to be signed on. And this is taking me directly to the interlibrary loan request site. So you interlibrary loan is currently processing requests for journal articles and for book chapters. And you can hear my timer going off. Sorry. And so you can make requests for journal articles and book chapters. And for the fall we are currently developing a plan to allow books or request for full books again and how to deliver those to you. And part of that plan is also initiating having you as a user initiate requests for books that are in our library that we can deliver to you either through a curbside delivery service or a locker, as the library will not be open for browsing physically, but you can definitely browse through the library catalog. And so you do have a few different ways to get the information that you need for your research additional information for your class. And at any time, there are library almost 24 seven their librarians that can help you answer your questions through the ask a librarian. And this would include asking questions about how to who to contact about course reserve, how to make an interlibrary loan request, that sort of thing. And briefly about copyright because you may have a number of articles already saved from previous classes that you want to use in your blackboard course or you have a copy of the book you're using you're wondering can I scan the whole thing by myself and put it up. There are specific guidelines that are that do guide how you can use electronic information scanned information in your courses, generally journal articles actually across the board, linking is best. So we cannot stress more using our one search search box to see what the library has access to we have access to quite a bit, both in ebooks, electronic journal articles that make it really easy as Stacy pointed out to put a link into your blackboard class so that your students just click the link and it takes them to the article. And that is the most straightforward way you can do it. I'm not going to go into too much detail here's Gina mentioned there, there will be a workshop in mid August, we'll go into a copyright a little bit more and talk about fair use. Because you can put use information for your classes, but you just have to be aware of the guidelines so we'll talk about that later said I'll turn it over to Gina now. Right. Um, so I should have my screen up. Can you all see that. I think anyone has their video on to confirm. Yes. Okay, I see a thumbs up. Thank you. Okay, so I'm going to talk a little bit about our library instruction options we have many, but I'm going to start with one that I know some of you in the session have taken advantage of. And some of you might not have. So we're going to go to services on the homepage here. And if you scroll all the way down to the right. We have a box here that is titled services services for faculty. What I'm going to pop down to is the fourth link here request request and instruction session. What it allows you to do is essentially put in a request that a librarian work with you to develop a workshop or a class session some some people call this a lecture. But basically something for your students right that speaks to the research assignment at hand. You can look a lot of different ways so this could depending on your needs. This could be sort of an active learning session where you explore different citation styles with the students. It could be something where the librarian comes in and explains the difference differences and utilities between popular and scholarly sources and demonstrate some databases. You can detail these sessions based on your needs and your students needs so if you're interested in something like that, and you would fill out this form. I won't go into detail here, you know it's pretty self explanatory we ask for your course information, the number of students you have when the class begins and ends preferred date. We ask that you provide a first and second choice. And then here this is pretty important, especially in this era of online instruction preferred mode, and typically when campus is open. We meet with your students either in the library you'll come to one of our teaching spaces or we will go to your classroom, however, with COVID we're doing this all online. And you have the option to select a synchronous session that we will work with you to do through zoom like we're doing today. And we do ask that if you make if you select that that you, you do attend we sometimes have faculty who have a conference or some sort of competing thing but oftentimes at the faculty members and there we're not able to answer all of the students questions about the assignment or class. Instruction is no location. We are offering prerecorded videos of our instruction sessions for asynchronous learners I know there are pros and cons to, you know, synchronous and asynchronous learning. And so that is an option to just like with the course reserves request or scan request. The earlier you get your instruction request in the better we do ask for at least one week advance. Warning so that I as instruction coordinator can find the librarian who is available and best suited to working with you. And the librarian has time to prepare the materials. We also ask that you attach an assignment or three things that you want your students to learn again this just allows the librarian to best prepare. If you are listing three things you want your students to learn please be as specific as possible if you just write I want my students to learn how to research. That's not particularly helpful. Something a little more specific is going to be better there. And so, after that you would go ahead and submit this form that actually comes to me as the coordinator. And again I will identify a librarian could be me could be one of my colleagues who will work with you for that. So that is the first piece I wanted to cover. I'm going to go back here to services back down to services for faculty, and I'm going to open up our CIL lab toolkit for teaching and learning. CIL stands for critical information literacy. I'll go ahead and share this link in the chat here.  Because we know that what we do as librarians is really meant to supplement and reinforce what you're doing with students in the classroom. And so there's a lot going on here. I want to point out just two pieces. First is this instructor's corner. And here we have a few different links, but you'll notice we have SLO 1, SLO 2, SLO 3. That stands for student learning outcome. And these are the library's critical information literacy learning outcomes. And so based on your needs, your student needs, your assignment design, you can navigate to one that you're interested in. So let's say you're looking at this fifth one attribution, you know, you really want to get your students to understand why we, why we cite. We'll click on that. And we have for you various resources to help you do that. The critical piece of critical information literacy is that we want students to not only know how to do things like know how to correctly cite or know how to find a resource, but we also want them to think about the information that they're engaging with and specifically think critically. And so these prompts like discussion prompts, class activities, other resources like videos, handouts, guides, infographics, etc. These all provide space for you to do just that. The nice thing about a lot of these resources is that they are you can tailor them based on the class level and they'll really allow you allow you to scaffold that learning in your course. So check that out if you're interested in incorporating CIL into your class and just looking for some ideas or some really good stuff there. Also in the instructor's corner, we have CIL assignment ideas from CSUSB faculty. We've worked with faculty in various capacities over the years, workshops, grants, professional development opportunities, and we have received permission from some of those faculty to share their CIL assignment. So again, if you're looking for ideas, feel free to browse this list. These top two were created just this winter in preparation for the for general education courses in the new GE program in the semester system, but we have some here dating back to 2016 from different disciplines. Okay, so I'm going to pop over to video tutorials. And if you weren't aware, we have created many online online learning tools for you but these are these are pretty popular so we have you'll notice we have three tutorials, one for beginning researchers one for intermediate researchers and one for advanced researchers. And each tutorial consists of a series of videos and each video is three to four minutes long, followed by an online quiz that students can take. Faculty find that find it useful to assign these before a research project because it introduces students to some really essential ideas concepts and skills related to research. And some also will have students view these in class and then complete the quiz independently so it's really is up to you as far as how you incorporate this into into your learning environment. But I'll just show you quickly what this looks like so if we're interested in tutorial to for intermediate researchers. You would go ahead and click on the first link here which will take you to the first video in this series. And this one covers the peer review process, the learning outcomes that the video addresses are listed at the top. This here's the video itself. And then you'll notice below each video we have vocabulary terms that the video addresses so here we have peer review scholarly journal and scholarly journal article. And these vocabulary terms are based on what we as librarians experienced as points of confusion for students and so we really wanted to draw these out and clearly define them. And these vocabulary terms again do show up on the quiz, as well as in these videos. So after students do this they can navigate to the next page here. And that will take them to the next video this one is about the literature and literature reviews and why we engage in attribution. The final video in this tutorial is intermediate database searching so it covers phrase searching and truncation. And then if we navigate to the final page here. This takes them to the quiz and it's all online. When students complete the quiz they get a digital certificate of completion that has their score. They can upload that quiz to blackboard after downloading or they can email it to you it's really your preference. And they can take it as many times as they would like. So what we recommend is as as professors as faculty, you sort of set the bar for what you want students to achieve on the quiz. So when I've taught courses before I have required that students get like at least an 80 85% and then they upload that score. And again students can take this as many times as they want you know until they get 100%. And again there's a quiz for each tutorial so for beginners which is geared towards new students maybe transfer students this intermediate tutorial is geared towards upper division students, and then the advanced one is more for sort of the graduate level or maybe upper division honors courses and things like that but as instructors you can of course sort of mix and match these select certain videos you want students to view depending on your needs. Alright so I'm going to quickly show you a few other things on the homepage here I know I'm probably taking up a little too much time here we want to make sure you have time for questions and answers. Just want to point out here this tile workshops you're all here so you know you know how to get to workshops but during the academic year we offer a variety of workshops for students that you can if you choose provide them extra credit for attending. We just sort of refined that process in this online environment so if your students attend at the end of the workshop they'll have an opportunity to basically submit your information and the library and teaching the workshop will email you confirming that the student attended. And as you know a zoom it's pretty fancy so we can see on the back end you know if they actually attended for the whole thing or just the last two minutes, and we'll let you know that if they weren't there for the whole thing. We also have recorded workshops here this is how you would access those. So this takes you to the workshop calendar and on the bottom left. If you click recorded online workshops this takes you to our YouTube channel so if your students weren't able to make the workshop on, you know the citation style or Google scholar whatever they can access it here. Our YouTube channel by the way is a really good resource we have lots of other videos there. Some how to videos for different databases and search skills so you can check that out as well and as Stacy showed you any of our videos you can link to in YouTube as well as just those tutorials I showed you. Those are all open access so you don't have to worry about proxy linking with anything in the CIL lab. You go back home here. And last thing I want to show you is how to get to library guides I know some of my colleagues have shown you guides for linking and for video, but these are useful for students too. So if I scroll here to the middle and click on library guides. We have so many on so many topics, but let's say you're interested in have helping your students learn how to how to cite an APA style you could navigate to citing and writing here on the left. And then click on APA citation guide and this is a really good resource for students. And so again you can link to any of these in your blackboard course, and you don't need to create a proxy link for these. We can also work with you to create a specific guide for your course to where we can collect, you know, useful information and search tips for your students. And then last but not least I know Kim showed you this but if you or your students ever need help. We have the ask a librarian option where you can contact a librarian live. And then we also offer research appointments directly below so if you or your students would like a one on one zoom consultation, they can make an appointment with us. They would select the librarian here or if they have no preference they could leave that at the default. And then they would select a date and time that works for them. And we can meet again meet with them one on one and help them navigate through that research process. So I'm going to go into some more detail on the workshop on the 29th with my colleague Eric about tools we have available instructional resources and digital archival collections that you might be able to use in your courses if you're interested in that but I will stop for now and we'll go ahead and take questions and it's a small group so feel free to use your mic if you would like or you can


This talk is little odd but for two reasons actually, first is the domain which is machine design not machine learning at least initially then we will come to machine learning and deep learning later. And second is I am being a teacher also rather than you asking me questions I will be asking you questions. Is that ok? Later you can ask me questions but initially I will ask you questions. In a mechanical engineer in the audience, oh boy, I thought there would be none, still I will give you some background. So the domain is machine design and use of neural network in some help to that. So what is machine design? Say designing products, I will explain that, I will take the questions last. So if you are designing a chair like the one that you are sitting, basically what are you doing? You are deciding the shape. This is the shape, you are deciding the material, that is what your aluminium, iron, whatever and then deciding the dimensions, how thick the base would be. This thick, this thick, this thick or this thick, traditionally how do you decide the minimum thickness that sustains your weight 80 kg, 90 kg, 100 kg, how do you do that? You basically make 10 chairs, different thickness, half people sit on it, whichever the minimum one breaks, that is the design, right, traditionally. But of course once the computers came, you do not do that, at least initially, you design those shapes on computer, this is what is called as CAD computer array design, you design those shapes on computer and then you analyse also them on computer. Strength analysis, putting some load, will it sustain or not? So because I mean, you can make 10 chairs but you cannot make 10 aeroplanes, right, so you have to design and do strength analysis on computer, this is a special case in this analysis. If the shape is little thin, like sheet metal shape, have you got sheet metal, something like this, sheet metal, where the thickness is constant but the other dimensions are far more than the thickness, so this is what is thin wall or sheet metal shape, like car bodies or aeroplane bodies or sheet metal, there is a trick, as the thickness is constant we assume that the stresses or the deflections are same, so at least one dimension goes off for us to worry for the strength analysis, that is the idea. These things may look a little alien but I will come to the shape problems slowly and quickly actually. So what is CAD, designing shapes on computer, CAE doing strength analysis, you cannot take shape just like that and then put it to CAE, if the shape is thin, what you do, you create a surface within the thickness and what is the advantage, instead of doing very complicated 3D analysis, it changes to a surface analysis, so from solid you can convert to surface and then the computations are reduced a lot but the results are equivalent of deflection and all. So if you had a product like this, what you do, can you see there is some thickness, it is a sheet metal like or plastic sheet, you make a surface first and analyze that. So if you put some load here, it is equivalent of putting load here and doing same analysis but as you can see this being a surface, number of nodes points to calculate deflections or states are far less. So this is what is called as made surface, the surface that is in the middle of the thickness, I will come to the domains quickly, don't worry. So the idea is given this shape, can you calculate this shape by some means, it helps because if you are doing solid analysis, the results and if you are doing a surface analysis, results are almost similar but the timing is reduced because the calculations are less, that is the idea. This has been in use for 30, 40 years, if it is a thin ball component, you have to create a surface in the middle, that much everybody is okay, we need to create a surface in the middle. Let us take simpler example just for us to assimilate, if this is the solid shape, this is the surface shape, the only condition is it has to be morphological, it should look similar, if you have shape like this, it cannot be L, it should look similar so that the analysis will be similar. Are we okay with this so far? Given the shape, can you calculate this surface, what is called as made surface? So this is a function, this is a transformation from solid to surface, this is a dimension reduction okay, but dimension is less. Is it easy to calculate this made surface, just look at the solid, what is the solid made up of, this phase, this phase, this phase, you have list of phases coming to us as an algorithm, can you compute this? So this is the dimension reduction research or the algorithm that we want to develop. Getting made surface is not easy, it is not a trivial problem, it is going on for 50, 60 years, still the problem is not solved, because of the complication, I will show you the latest results, are we all okay so far? Many CADs CA packages, those who are mechanical engineers may know AutoCAD, parametric, geometric others, they do that and we will see how they do that or what is the result, can you see some issues, this is the input shape that has gone in and this is the calculated made surface almost latest result, given surfaces of this shape like this, it is not possible to calculate made surface, so this is the original problem, the one that I am going to talk about is far diluted one for the easier understanding, okay, this is the original problem, so forget the mechanical engineering part, now you are in the shapes domain, given this shape, can you calculate a good made surface, is it okay? Because we cannot tolerate gaps, if your chair had a gap, what the analysis would be, it will just break there and there itself, so we cannot tolerate gaps, let us take this simple example, letters model as a solid, what its made surface would look like, we can at least intuitively understand, it should look like Yogesh only, the current output that we get is this, can you see issues, this is one of the latest output from a highly commercial, highly expensive package today, so there are issues, I will just zoom in to one of the things, if you have a output shape like this, the made surface that automatically comes is like this, it does not get connected properly, so this transformation from solid to surface, this function, we always call it as a function, input to output is still to be learned well or at least heuristically or even algorithmically, so this is the current quality, what people do, do they abandon this method, no, made surfaces so computationally nice or less compute intensive that they still do it, let there be gaps then people are put on the job to patch up the whole thing and the patch up goes for 2 weeks, still the whole aeroplane or the car body is made surface first, patched up really nice and then the analysis is done, so made surfaces are important, the computation is far faster because actually it is just not one computation, you can do iterative computation, change the thickness, again run, change the thickness, once we are made surface we are done, then we can do experimentation on thicknesses, so even if the quality is bad, even if the manual patchwork is needed, we still do it and uncorrect it manually, so this is the problem, original problem, let us look at a very simple shape, a shape like this, a plate, how a shape is designed in a CAD package, you take a profile rectangle, you extrude it or sweep it, so that the solid is formed, is that okay, I will repeat, how a plate is formed, you take a rectangle and sweep it, so this plate is formed, what would be the mid surface, instead of the rectangle getting swept, you can put a middle line and sweep it, are you all getting, so instead of rectangle being swept, a line if it is swept, it is a mid surface of the same solid, now the problem is reduced to it, so initially we wanted to do mid surface of a complicated shape, now we are coming to the plate, for a rectangle, can you calculate the middle line, now my second question, the first one was, any mechanical engineers here, the second question is, given four lines, a long one, short one, long one and again short one, can you calculate the middle long one, I will give you 30 seconds, by the way this research is going on for 30 years, you have 30 seconds, can you think in mind what would be your algorithm, just think, I am not going to ask you, and whoever cracks it just raise the hand, do not spell it out, okay, what is the input, four lines, one, two, three, four, and the output is middle line, think, whoever is cracked it, I will give you my solution which is dumb solution, and then we will develop on that, okay, who has got it so far, the problem is at least input output wise very clear, right, forget the computation, my solution would be, find the biggest one, find the shortest one, because we just get four lines, right, nothing else, find the biggest one, find the shortest one, shortest half, the biggest one, offset it or translated, you are so same, same wonderful, one of the, I should not say dumbest solution, that is possible, now you have this solution in mind, apply it to T now, apply it to T, how T looks, this, this, this, this, this, this, are you able to imagine how T looks like, get the biggest one, get the smallest one, is it a T problem, no, so we are developing an algorithm for any profile, thin profile, can you calculate a mid curve now, we had initial algorithm, longest one, offset it by the thickness half, is not working, can you develop this little further, now we can split, so there are various ways people have tried and I will show, this is the first paper came I think in 1967 of doing this and the algorithm is called as grass fire algorithm, if you have any shape, assume that it is grass, it is a lawn and you have started a fire from outside, as the fire comes in, wherever it meets that is the mid curve, this one of the conceptual under, I will show you few more examples, so for us the problem is given a shape like this black, can you calculate the red shape, say for y, say for l, for any shape like this, thin shape, is the problem clear, forget mechanical engineering now, even solid to surface, now we are in 2D, complete 2D and we are going to solve this problem, given outer profile can you calculate the middle one, is it okay, think about it, there have been quite a few approaches, I have put them very simplistically here, but this is of course, 50-60 years of work of people, other people, what they do, I will just quickly explain this is called as medial axis transform, they assume that the ball is rolling, whichever is touching the profile and you take the loci or the collection of the centers, that is the mid curve, now we will see it is not exact mid curve like the middle line, it has some branches, but still this is commercially used, people will remove the branches and still use it, because this method works, another method that you may not have got, mesh it, get all the midpoints connected and this will work for any shape, not just the rectangle that we saw or T or any shape, third one is thinning that I just mentioned, offset from every side, whatever is left, that is the thing, the last one is pairs, you find opposing pairs and get the mid curve, there are far many approaches I have just listed to you, is speed okay, mechanically okay, I will come back to the original problem, if the part is thin, we get mid surface, because the computation is less, but we get equivalent results, that is the original problem, so solid to surface was for that, number of nodes to calculate stresses are less, instead of doing 3D, too many degrees of freedom, if you have surface, far less number of freedom and we have reduced that problem to now profile only, 2D profile, 1967 till now, everybody is adding something to this, how to do dimension reduction of a shape, with as much less error as possible and it should be applicable to any shape per se, this is my PhD work, I am subtopic, actually my PhD is on mid surface and one of the subtopic is of course profiles, given a shape like this, my implementation would calculate like this, so you can say at least for simple shapes it is more or less okay, but things are not all rosy, it was fully rule based and algorithms running into pages and the one that I use was called cellular decomposition, you cut the shapes, make standard shapes as standard mid curves and connect them together somehow, okay that is the idea, if any new shape comes, they are stuck, new logic, not scalable, T was two rectangles, L was again two rectangles with a slanted line, I think it is fairly easy to understand, fully rule based, now this transformation from 2D profile to a 1D curve, can neural networks learn that, so that is the topic today, so people have been trying for 50-60 years, can we put a dent in this research, can we do it completely different way, forget rules, that is what machine learning is all about it, forget the hand coded rules, heuristic rules, we will just provide what, inputs and outputs and let somebody figure out, we need neural network figure out, so that is the idea we have been trying, how supply lots of examples, we know actually intuitively we know given a shape how its mid curves should look like, supply them as much as possible, can it learn the dimension reduction, okay, but things are not that easy also, so what is the idea, supply lots of training data, input output, let it learn, what is the use, given any unseen profile, it will calculate the inferencing, this is training, this is inferencing, right, that is the idea, what would be the input to the problem, anybody, I am going back to the basics, what is the input to this problem, dimension reduction, 2D profile to 1D curves, what is the input, what are the inputs, for a profile what is how profile is defined, point set of points, so for a polygon 1, 2, 3, 4, assume that they are connected, so they are lines, what is the output, one line, so four lines to one line, first pair, what would be for L, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 lines and two lines, are we all okay with this, input and output, supply as many profiles that you know, let it learn, so supply set of points or connected lines, non-intersecting, so these are some caveats, some mathematical things, assume that this is a closed polygon, we are aware of these terms, right, and the output is polyline, okay, simplistically, so it is a dimension reduction problem, like PCA, PCA people have done, PCA is used here as well, but little differently, so given a shape like this, black shape, can you calculate red shape, only condition it should represent the original shape, why should be why, why should not be L, the whole purpose will be lost, is it like a translation, can you see what is the input, number of lines on the left hand side, like English, number of lines on the output side like French, we have seen a lot of machine translation talks in this workshop, input some sequence output, so is it a sequence to sequence problem, in a sense yes, at least initially, I will give you counter examples, so is it a sequence to sequence problem, can we tackle it in machine learning way, anybody, LSTN, bidirectional LSTNs with attention, all those things, it is not really a sequence to sequence problem, I will give you some counter examples, consider O, what is O, two concentric circles, what is the output, one circle, is it a sequence on the input side, you started with having four or five points representing a outer circle, how do you jump to the inner one, if you have the next point of the inner one, the line gets connected, so it is not really possible to represent even input shapes, are you getting the difficulty challenge, if you have loops, you just cannot represent the data itself, got the challenge, output challenge is why, what is why, is it a polyline sequence, one, two, should I go here, as a next point or should I go here, so there are branches, so input is not a sequence, output is also not a sequence, ideally it is a graph to graph translation, graph disconnected graphs this is very difficult problem to solve, to my knowledge I did not find any solution on GitHub, so I said it is not solvable, that is what my limited understanding of deep learning, if it is not there on GitHub, it is not done, is it an autoencoder problem, what is autoencoder, input and output same, here is not case, input and output are different, but it is an encoder, decoder problem, we will see, some graph structure here, graph meaning network, some network here, we want to do transformation, translation, so there are variable size encoders, decoders, what do they do, if you have in machine translation, you have five words English, say seven words French, what do you do, anybody, you are machine learning people, you do padding, you add extra minus ones just to make the lengths similar, can you do padding here in case of geometric points, so you decide minus one is to be padded with, that minus one becomes a valid input, because minus one is a valid point rate, so you cannot pad with anything, again a different problem, so I mean too many problems, input cannot be represented, output cannot be represented, padding cannot be done, sequence to sequence, graph to the graph network is not available, variable size issue is there, what to do, and any solution, any spark, can we use images, forget geometry now, forget mechanical engineering, forget solid to surface transformation, now we are boiled on to the profile to curve, both things are not representable, so easy way out for which GitHub solutions are available is image to image translation, are you getting it, what has been solved by image to image, fixed size, 28 by 28, 100 by 100 input, even 100 by 100 output, inside figure can be anything, some pixels are black, rest everything is white grayscale, so we have converted the original geometry problem to image to image translation problem, 2-day image, images are 2-D to my knowledge, the 3-D things are called walk cells, so if we supply forget the geometry problem now, forget mechanical engineering, given this shape and this shape as an image, 28 by 28, 100 by 100 whatever you decide, can we learn the transformation, now this is in a solvable domain, right, we are in our land now, that we are familiar, no sequence to sequence nothing, so what are inputs, given an input like this, image, output image like this, input image like this, output image like this, is this a mid-curve, if you supply hundreds thousands of such images, input and output, can neural networks learn at least this, image to image, so what would be the idea, once you give unseen shape whatever, thin shape, can it give me mid-curve, in image, forget from image to geometry that part we have forgot, are we all okay, now I will just mention few solutions that we have tried, the biggest problem is, so input what are the inputs, shapes like this and outputs are also known but in the image format, it solves as I mentioned all those problems, we will try encoder decoder network, given a shape like this, it will have some network here, simplistically few nodes, maybe CNN, convolutional nodes, layers, something else which is far fancier, it gives you to circumference state or hidden state and then you expand back, how does it learn, this pair this pair, whole thing goes forward propagation, some error, back propagation, over some epochs, weights are adjusted, weights are stabilized, once the model is ready, meaning weights, values are ready, any new shape, same weights, that's it, simple, problem has been reduced dramatically to a very achievable state, in neural network we need lots of data, this work was actually only personal in some sense, so how many profiles can I make, 10, 20, 25, not like million, right, so if I have five profiles, just like this, how can I populate at least hundreds of thousands, any ideas, I want very simple, I'm a mechanical engineer, GAN is, so we'll have, I'll probably talk to you later how to generate, I would need such solution but just simply given few profiles, input profiles and output, how can you have variations, not actually it's a 2D profile and a 1D profile, curve, it's a profile and a curve, as he rightly said, can we transform both of them similarly and you can have many variations as much as possible, so both are there, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, so can I populate at least 36 types for each, 10 degree rotation, 5 degree rotation, more, 2 degree rotation, translation, both translated, so geometrically points would be different but shape-wise both are same, so this way I populate it, so there's, so original data is like this, picture comes like this, this has been taken as an image now, so the original problem, image, original output, image, what can you do for data augmentation, making many variations, original data was in vector format, if you are aware of image technologies, vector is actually a curve equation, then you do rasterization, you put pixels from the image and then you can do translation, reflection, these are actually different operations, mirroring, rotation and scaling, all these operations can be leveraged to populate different variations of same L, thin L and the profile L, you do variations and then you can generate lots of data, which is supervised, actually correct, a simple python program with given transformation matrix, those who are, those who have done 12th probably know transformation matrices, you can generate lots of samples, now these can be fed to neural network, is that clear, so far, mechanical doing solid to surface, forget the solid part, profile to 1D, geometry is not suitable, gone to images, in images to create variations, we have transformations, now this is a routine work, like scikit-lan you have three lines of actual modeling code, rest is all data preprocessing, this is all what we have done so far, data is ready, many options are available, simple encoder, decoder network, if you have less data simpler would be better, if you have more data then you can add layers, so what is simple encoder, decoder, whatever input size, if it is 100 by 100, what would be the input size, 100 into 100, 10,000, output is again 10,000, but with different pixels colored, is that it, so simple one layer, encoder, decoder network, that's what I'm showing today, some results, but you still can have dense encoder, decoder, multiple layers in the input, multiple layers in the output, you can have CNN nodes, layers and then there is something called as Pix2Pix, probably which is more popular in this moment, Pix2Pix have some theoretical issues with that, but these are basically input to output image translation networks, this is what, these are what we can leverage, so I've used this, this has been, of course this has been stolen picture, this is called as image segmentation, original photo and a segment, the portions photo, if you feed such pairs it learns the segmentation, why it is used if you want to block, say trees only or the background, this can be taken, taken into different color and then you can superimpose, so it's used for blanking, generally, so very popular in image domain, so this is what I've used, did not want to show code, but still if you don't show code, go into conference, so simple Keras network, one layer and these are the results, I'll wait here for a moment, there is input on the top and these are inference results, not training results, inference, given a shape it gives me shape like this, given a shape it gives shape, obviously they are not crisp and clear, there is noise, there are few dots here and there which are misclassified pixels, but the good part is that simple one layer encoder decoder, you can at least positionally correct, if this was the line, if the line did not come here, at least the spatial position, it understood well, the learning has happened, simple encoder decoder, you can see the learning has happened, this source code is available free on GitHub, if you type this mid-curve NN and Yogesh Kulkarni, you will get the GitHub thing, I did try a couple of others, the other solutions could be, you have this output and have a denoiser on top of it, which removes the noise and that could be better and picks to picks, so this is what I got for the last few slides, not very perfect but encouraging, to my knowledge this is the only work that I have seen, as I have done doctoral work, I have done enough literature survey that anybody else is doing it or not, because that is the point of the work, to my knowledge nobody has done it, so this is at least start with a simple encoder decoder, people can come up with, those who are familiar with this or more expert, can come up with different architectures, data is available free, you can populate more data, start doing that work and contribute to that GitHub, if you have fantastic results we can co-author the paper, co-author meaning your name will also come, so that's it, so ok results but this is just a start, so that's what I wanted to talk in this conference, a new domain altogether, machine design to so-called machine learning is what we have done, of course deep learning and what can be done, more profiles, more data and different architectures and I'll take the questions now, many I mean you can tweak the error functions and all also, that's it, just some summary, not just for machine design, I thought I should apply few more examples, it is used in animation also, if you have 2D profile of a man, a skeleton is actually given moments and the further the muscle part is actually rendered on the, so you don't have to transform everything in animation, only this skeleton has to be transformed, so this is skeletonization also, given the skeleton you can add a mass, you can do that, this is a reverse medial axis transform, you can do shape matching, if you want to retrieve shapes instead of going for matching every surface you match the skeleton, right, so it's easier to get, are you getting that, so many applications but the one that I showed was strength analysis, many approaches going on for 50-60 years and this is the beginning, doing the same transformation by deep learning, am I okay on the time, I think perfect, 435, I do, just one note, I do have a paper on it, a brief paper on it, on Vixera, that's opposite of archive, it's public paper, if you want to study little more, you can just take a look at some theory part is mentioned there, anyway yeah please, okay, accuracy is actually very simple here, if you have a L-shaped pixels, you have to have L here at that location only, it cannot even deviate, so the error function, if the pixel was there or not, simple, very strict error function, in case of GANs or whatever, picks to picks, it actually, the second network is actually a cost function adjuster, so it allows what is good output, I don't want good output, I want perfect output, so a simple error function is actually better than going far little sophisticated, but good sort of output, so and something else is completely inaccurate, so it has to be there at that position and those pixels only, because by definition, if you deviate a bit, that's not L anymore, and it's not in the middle, so it's a little strict in that sense, yeah. So this is definitely increasing because you have come up with something in the mix of mechanical and world networks, but do you think that this sort of approach will lead to better results than what you conversely do, do a measurement and then come to the mix of phase? One cannot predict, it's a new technology, at this moment no, the rule-based ones, though they figure very miserably as you saw some examples, they still work better, even my doctoral work was far better than this, I could solve many shapes, even the non-later shape also, horse and other animals also, so that's a 60-year-old work, a three-month, four-month work won't compete with that still, but some progress will come, the potential is you don't have to worry about rules anymore, just good examples or good too many examples and a decent matching network, that's the way it will take it further, don't know whether it will be good or bad, that's the start, yes, it doesn't matter now, can you see, it's an image, you can have three, four O's whatever, doesn't matter, it's an image to image, all that sequence problem is completely gone, only problem is if you get output like this, I want, I do not want image, I want surface, so somehow I have to vectorize it back and extrude it, removing the noise and as I said removing all the errors, it has to be a perfect connected dots, then I'll be able to extrude it well, so the post-processing is heavy as of now because the output is not good, stitch, that domain is completely because that algorithm itself is different, so they have not catered to some cases, no, they are rule-based, this is what I also did in my work, so given 10 surfaces what do you do, take the top two surfaces, make a pair, another top two surface make a pair, put an offset patch and extend and trim, this is the normal approach, this is called as mid-surface by pairs, I've worked as an internal software developer for that algorithm as well, 20 years back also and and recently also for a different company, that's the approach, completely rule-based, no training data as such, I did not, it's a short brief of my work but once an extended proper journal paper will come, I will have to put benchmarking, I will have to pitch the current state of the art, no this was highly rule-based heuristic rules, wonderful, for all these you need data, you need to have a gap surface and a filled surface, if you have millions of such data, give me a call because somebody has to prepare the pairs right, as you rightly said for a shape of a gap shape and a fill set, if you have many such examples then we can get that training data somehow and start learning similar way, so that's possible, the problem there is it's a 3D shape, we have to sample all the points, so 3D is a very difficult problem that's why I showed you a 2D thing first, if 2D works fine then we'll go to 3D, thank you all, thank you for coming, any other question catch me offline, thank you.