A very good evening aspirants. Welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankar IAS Academy. Today's date is 1st of December 2023, displayed here on the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today. So with that much delay, let us get into the first news article discussion. Take a look at this news article. According to this article, the National Green Tribunal, NGT has noted that petrochemical firms in Manali industrial area have not yet studied the feasibility of introducing zero liquid discharge system to prevent marine pollution. Here Manali industrial area is an industrial area in Chennai. So the NGT slapped fines on these industries. This is the crux of the news article given here. So in this news article discussion today, let us focus on the zero liquid discharge ZLD system. See, zero liquid discharge or ZLD is an advanced water treatment process. The process involves recovering and treating all wastewater for reuse. And as the name indicates, the process ensures zero liquid discharge at the end of the treatment cycle. So to put it in simple words, this process ensures that no liquid effluent is released into the environment. This system can be used to reduce liquid effluent discharge from various industries. For example, the system can be easily integrated into power plants, textile industry, chemical and petrochemical industries and meteorological industries. If you notice here, all these industries are highly water polluting. So use of the ZLD system with these industries will bring down water pollution. Also note that the ZLD system can also be used by the municipalities for wastewater treatment. So with this basic understanding, let us see how this functions. See, first there is the pretreatment process. It includes screening, coagulation, biological coagulation and settling or clarification. The pretreatment is done to remove the majority of the solid waste. Then there is the filtration process. This process includes reverse osmosis, RO, ultrafiltration, UF and nano filtration enough. This is done to remove even the tiniest of the solid waste from the water. Even the salts dissolved in the water are removed through RO and NF. After the filtration process, the clean water without any solid waste or dissolved salts are taken out. This water is then reused. The by-product of the filtration process is a sludge or brayan which is liquid with a high amount of dissolved salts. This concentrated brayan or solution produced from the filtration process is further treated through evaporation and crystallization. By evaporating the water content, solids and salts are separated, forming crystals that can be collected and disposed of properly. This water that is evaporated is then condensed and can be reused. So these are the steps involved in the IZLT system. So all the water is removed and treated and it is reused. The dry solid waste and the crystallized salts are removed, compacted and disposed of appropriately. Now this process ensures safe disposal. In some cases the IZLT system also has a system of the recovery of valuable resources like salts, minerals and chemicals from the dry waste. So this is how the IZLT system itself functions. So the main advantages of the systems include firstly zero effluent pollution. This leads to environmental protection. Secondly water conservation due to the reuse of the water. Thirdly ecologically beneficial in the long run due to reusing water and recovering resources. Fourthly public health will be ensured due to proper treatment of wastewater. So these are all the advantages associated with this system. So these learned points. Now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. According to the news article India is said to launch an X-ray polar repeater satellite from the Satin Dhawan space station. So in this news article discussion we are going to see some of the important points about the X-ray polarimeter satellite. But to understand its functioning you have to understand what is polarization. See we all know that light waves like all waves in the electromagnetic spectrum or transverse waves. So basically the light waves oscillate perpendicular to their direction of propagation. Here polarization refers to the orientation of these oscillations relative to the direction of the waves motion. Now look at this image as you can see when the unpolarized light passes through the polarization filter it becomes polarized. That is its oscillations become aligned to a single direction. Now this basic phenomenon is called polarization. Now let us see what a polarimetry mean. See polarimetry involves the study and measurement of the polarization state of light or other electromagnetic waves. Now you may have a question why do we have to study polarization of electromagnetic waves. Now look at this image this is your simple polarimetry setup. See each material interacts with the polarized light in a very specific way. By passing a polarized light through a sample and studying the change in polarization caused by the sample we can have an understanding of the physical and chemical properties of the sample. In this technique if we study the polarization of x-rays instead of light waves it is called x-ray polarimetry. X-ray polarimetry is mainly used in astrophysics and astronomy. It is used in the study of various celestial objects. It helps astronomers analyze the polarization of x-rays emitted from distant celestial bodies. So analyzing the polarization provides insights into the nature composition and magnetic fields of various astronomical objects like neutron stars and black holes. Now I hope you have a basic understanding about what is the x-ray polarimetry. Now moving on let us see about x-ray polarimeter satellite that is to be launched by India. It is in short called as X-PoSat. See the X-PoSat will be placed in a low earth non-sun synchronous orbit. It will be placed in the 650 kilometer orbit by ISRO's workhouse PSLV. X-PoSat will be India's first dedicated polarimetry mission. The mission has a lifetime of five years. The satellite will carry two scientific payloads. The payloads includes x-ray polarimeter in short called as POLIX and x-ray spectroscopy and timing in short called as X-Spec. In the primary payload, POLIX will measure the polarimetry parameters in medium x-ray of astronomical origin. This payload is being developed by Raman Research Institute in short called as RRI of Bangalore in collaboration with the UR Rao satellite center URSE. POLIX is expected to observe about 40 bright astronomical sources of different categories during the planned timeline of five years. The X-Spec payload will give spectroscopic information. This payload would observe several types of sources like X-ray pulses, black hole binaries, low magnetic field neutron stars, active galactic nuclei and magnetas. So this is about the payloads in the X-PoSat mission. Now let's conclude this discussion by saying the significance of the mission. See the X-ray polarization measurements like the degree of polarization and the angle of polarization mainly from celestial objects like black holes, neutron stars and active galactic nuclei will help us in understanding their physics better. Also the mission will help in developing X-ray polarimetry skills in India. It will lay the groundwork for future progress. These are all some of the very important points that you have to remember about X-ray polarimetry and the X-PoSat satellite. So with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this science page article. This article talks about stopping the spread of AIDS with science backed protocols. So in this newspaper analysis we are going to see about the basics of HIV and AIDS from the problem's perspective. So what is HIV and AIDS? See HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is a lentivirus which is a sub-classification of the retrovirus. Remember these retroviruses are a type of virus that use a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase to translate its genetic information into DNA. That DNA can then integrate into the host cells DNA thereby changing the entire genome of the cell. So if this HIV is left untreated then it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. Remember HIV attacks and destroys the CD4 cells of the immune system. This loss of CD4 cells makes it difficult for the body to fight of infections, illnesses and certain cancers. So without treatment HIV can gradually destroy the immune system causing health decline and the onset of AIDS. Now look at this picture to have a better understanding. Hope now you could get a better idea. Now let us see how it is transmitted. See firstly HIV is transmitted from one person who is a carrier to another when certain bodily fluids are shared between them. It includes blood, semen, pre-semmel fluid, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid and breast milk. Moreover it can also be transmitted during unprotective sex through sharing needles from injecting drugs or tattooing by getting stuck with a needle that has the blood of someone with HIV on it then through pregnancy and through breast feeding. The transmission of HIV from a birthing parent with HIV to their child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding is also possible. It is called prenatal transmission of HIV. Talking about the symptoms of HIV and AIDS. See HIV and AIDS progresses through various stages. In the stage one it is called acute HIV infection stage. In the stage the symptoms can be similar to the flu or other viral illnesses. They are fever, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, night sweats and diarrhea. Moreover know that many people have no symptoms when they are first infected with HIV. Then gradually stage one progresses over a few weeks, two months to become chronic or asymptomatic HIV infection that is stage two with no symptoms. This stage can last 10 years or longer if they are not treated almost all people infected with HIV will develop AIDS that is stage three. Know that people with AIDS are also at high risk for certain cancers especially lymphomas and a skin cancer called Kaposi sarcoma. In this stage the symptoms depend on the particular infection and which part of the body is infected. Overall the general symptoms in people with HIV infection and AIDS are weight loss, fever, sweats, rashes and swollen limb glands. Talking about the prevention and treatment. See even though curing of AIDS is in nascent stage there is no effective cure for AIDS but they can be prevented from protective sex, proper checking of blood for HIV before transfusion and etc. Moreover a widely used diagnostic test for AIDS is ELISA or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test. Know that effective anti-retroviral medications are now available to keep the viral load low and prevent multiplication of HIV. So when people with HIV takes drugs they can lead a normal life without developing opportunistic infections. That's all regarding this news article. So in this news article discussion we saw in detail about the HIV and AIDS with these learned points. Now let us move on to the next news article discussion. This news article talks about India's fiscal deficit according to the recent data published by the comptroller general of audits. The government's fiscal deficit at the end of October stood at 8.03 lakh crore rupees or 45 percentage of the full year budget estimate. In the same period the government's total expenditure was 23.94 lakh crore rupees and total receipts was 15.9 lakh crore rupees. So this is the crux of the news article given here. So today we shall focus only on the fiscal deficit. What is fiscal deficit? See a fiscal deficit is a shortfall in the income of a government as compared to its expenditure. It is the difference between the total income of the government and the total expenditure incurred by it. Normally the fiscal deficit of a country is expressed as a percentage of its GDP. In the introduction itself we saw right government's total expenditure was 23.94 lakh crore rupees compared to its receipts which was just 15.9 lakh crore rupees. Now this is a very apt example for fiscal deficit. Here the expenditure is very higher than the receipts. So what do we do when we spend more than we earn? We borrow money from our friends and relatives, right? Likewise when fiscal deficit occurs the government borrows money from the market, that is people, by increasing GSECs and treasury bills. So in any given year the fiscal deficit of the government will be equal to its market borrowing. So with this basic understanding, let us see the steps that can be taken to reduce the fiscal deficit. See in order to bring down the fiscal deficit our government has three options. First step that can be taken is reducing government expenditure or spending. See government can cut down expenditure by reducing unnecessary expenses, enhancing efficiency in public service delivery and ensuring that government's programs or subsidies and projects are cost effective. The second option is increasing the revenue generated by the government. Government can increase its revenue by implementing tax reforms, broadening the tax base, improving tax collection efficiency, closing loopholes in the tax system and introducing new revenue sources. Government can also generate funds through disinvestment of non-static public assets. The last option is increasing the country's GDP. Fiscal deficit is normally expressed as a percentage of GDP. So when the GDP increases and if government spending stays the same, the fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP can decrease. This is because the denominator GDP in the calculation becomes larger, making the fiscal deficit seem smaller in comparison. Let me explain this using an example. Imagine a country with the GDP of 100 crore rupees and the country's fiscal deficit is 20 crore. The fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP would be fiscal deficit is equal to 20 crore divided by 100 crore which is equal to 0.20 or 20 percentage. Now suppose the GDP increases to 120 crore rupees due to economic growth but the fiscal deficit remains the same at rupees 20 crore. Now let's calculate the fiscal deficit as a percentage of the increased GDP. Here fiscal deficit is equal to 20 crore the whole divided by 120 crore rupees which is equal to 0.1667 or approximately 16.67 percentage. Here even though the fiscal deficit remained constant, the fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP expressed from 20 percentage to 16.67 percentage because the GDP increased. So to reduce the fiscal deficit, the government can take steps to increase the country's GDP. So these are all some of the steps that the government can take to reduce fiscal deficit. Here note that all these steps are taken by government to reduce fiscal deficit is collectively called fiscal consolidation. So these are all some of the important points that I have to remember about fiscal deficit. With these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Take a look at this friend page article. This article reports about the state assembly poll that happened yesterday in Telangana. The article says that the polling was carried out peacefully and the voters turnout stood at nearly 64 percentage. The news article points out that this is low voter turnout when compared with the previous election in Telangana. This is the crux of the news article given here. So using this as an opportunity, let us understand about some of the provisions related to election in the constitution and in the representation of People's Act 1951. So we are going to understand it using an main's question. Let me read out the question for you. Compare the provisions under representation of People's Act 1951 with that of the provisions related to the election in the constitution of India. See this question can be asked in GS paper too under the syllabus Indian constitution features and significant provisions and in the salient features of the representation of People's Act. Now coming back to the question, it is a very straightforward question. So let us move on to the introduction part. In the introduction part you can write like this. India is a constitutional democracy and follows a parliamentary system of government. So holding regular free and fair election is essential to uphold the democratic principles. Article 324 of the Indian constitution provides for an independent election commission to conduct free and fair elections in the country. The commission conducts election to the parliament, the state legislature, the office of the president and the office of the vice president. There is also a state election commission. It conducts election to the local bodies. So in this way you can give a very generalistic introduction about the elections in India. Now coming to the main part of the body, here it is enough to write a certain points that compares the provisions related to the election in the Indian constitution with that of the provisions in the RPA Act 1951. Firstly as I said earlier the constitution provides for election commission to conduct free and fair elections under article 324. The constitution deals with the powers and functions of the chief election commissioner and election commissioner. On the other hand the RPA 1951 provides the details about the structure of administrative machinery for conducting elections that speaks about the duty of chief electoral officer, district electoral officers, returning officers and election observers. Secondly the constitution under article 235 mandates to maintain a single general election role for every territorial constituency. The constitution mentions that the same electoral role will be used for election to parliament and the state legislature whereas the RPA 1951 mandates to provide free copies of electoral roles to all the contesting candidates. The act also outlines the process for preparing electoral roles. Thirdly the constitution under article 326 says that the elections should be conducted on the basis of adult suffrage. This means that every person who is a citizen of India and who is not less than 18 years of age they can vote in elections. On the other hand the RPA 1951 mentions about the eligibility and ineligibility for voting. The act says that a person shall not vote in more than one constituency and the act also says that a person is not allowed to vote at any election if he is confined in a prison. Fourthly the constitution under article 327 empowers the parliament to make provisions with respect to elections. As per this article the parliament can make provisions related to preparation of electoral roles, qualification of members, delimitation of constituencies and any other matters. Based on this provision only the parliament enacted RPA 1951. This act outlines various provisions regarding qualification of members of parliament and legislative assemblies. It also outlines provisions for the disqualification of membership of parliament and state legislature. Fifthly the constitution under article 324 simply mentions to conduct free and fair elections. It interested this role with the election commission whereas detailed provisions regarding election notification, election scheduling, nomination process, registration of political parties and counting of votes or dealt by RPA act 1951. The act also ensures fair election by mandating the contesting candidates to furnish information about assets and liabilities and election expenses. And finally the constitution empowers the election commission to deal with disputes regarding election symbol and political parties whereas RPA 1951 empowers the high court and supreme court to deal with election related disputes. This means that the act outlines the procedure to deal with disputes that arise during the election process. The act even deals with corrupt practices involved in elections and electoral offenses. So this is about the body of the answer. You can split the points and present it using a tabular form as well. It will be very attractive. Now moving on to the conclusion part here you have to provide a way forward regarding election in India. You can write like this India is performing well and good when it comes to conducting elections. The introduction of electronic voting machine and VVPAT machines had eased the progress of conducting elections in India. They also provide in transparency and accountability in conducting elections but some issues like cash for vote and criminalization of politics should be addressed to further strengthen the democratic principle of conducting free and fair election in India. So this way you can end the answer for the question. So with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. Yesterday the central bureau of investigation CBI conducted searches in the residence of a Trinamul Congress MLA in Kolkata. The search was conducted over his involvement in the school recruitment scam. During searches the CBI recovered cash from the MLA's residence. However the MLA said that the particular cash was obtained from the sale of land. This is about the news article given here. So in this news article discussion we shall revise about CBI. See the central bureau of investigation or CBI is one of the national investigative agencies in India. It was set up in 1963 based on the recommendation of the Santanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption. The CBI was created by a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Initially the CBI functioned under the same Home Ministry. However the CBI was later transferred to the Ministry of Personal, Pension and Public Grievances. So the CBI is now an attached office under the Union Ministry of Personal, Pension and Public Grievances. Here note that the CBI derives its power from the Delhi Special Police establishment at 1946 and it is not a body created under such an act. So the CBI is not a statutory body. Talking about the composition of CBI, CBI is headed by a director. He is assisted by a special director or an additional director. The director of CBI is responsible for the administration of the organization. Note that the director of CBI has been provided with the security of tenure for two years. Now talking about the appointment of CBI director, the CBI director is appointed by the central government based on the recommendation of a selection committee. The selection committee is headed by the prime minister. The other members of the committee includes leader of a position in Lokshaba, Chief Justice of India or Supreme Court judge nominated by him. Note that in 2014 the government made amendments in the Delhi Special Police establishment act. This amendment brought changes in the composition of the selection committee. The amendment states that when there is no recognized leader of opposition in the Lokshaba then the leader of the single largest opposition party in the Lokshaba would form part of the selection committee. Talking about its functions, the CBI plays an important role in the prevention of corruption and maintaining integrity in government administration. It also provides assistance to the Central Vigilance Commission and Lokpal. Some of other functions of CBI are displayed here. You can go through it. So these learned points, now let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice question discussion. Now look at this first question. It asks you to find which of the following are a part of capital receipts. Now look at this first statement, amount borrowed from Japan for construction of metro. This statement is actually correct. It comes under capital receipts. Now look at the second statement, government building new schools and hospitals. This does not come under capital receipts. So this statement is incorrect. Statement 3 says amount received by the private association of LIC. This statement is correct. It comes under capital receipts as it involves reduction in government assets. Now the fourth statement says Sri Lanka paying interest for the amount borrowed from India. This is not a capital receipt. Interest payments will be coming under revenue receipt. So the correct answer here is option B1 and 3 only. Moving on, here certain pollutants are listed and you have to find how many of them are in the drinking water in some parts of India. Here the correct answer is option C1, 3 and 5 only. India's drinking water faces the problem of fluoride, uranium, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium and heavy metals. Sorbitol is an artificial sweetener and formaldehyde is used in coating and etc. They are considered as a water pollutant in India. So here the correct answer for the question is option C1, 3 and 5 only. Moving on, here you have to arrange the electromagnetic wave in the increasing order of wavelength. Here the correct answer is option B. First comes gamma rays, then x-ray, then ultraviolet ray, then infrared ray and then micro waves. Moving on, look at this question about CBI. Three statements are given and you have to find how many statements given here are correct. Here the correct answer is option A only 1 because currently CBI is functioning under Ministry of Personal Pension and Public grievances and CBI derives its power from DSPEA but it is not created under the act. So it is not a statutory body. So here the correct answer is option A only 1. So with this we came to the end of the news article discussion. If you like the video, hit like, do comment and don't forget to subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel. Now thank you so much for listening.


The best double majors for liberal arts degrees, that's what we're going to be talking about today, but before we get into that, make sure to gently tap the like button in order to defeat the evil YouTube algorithm. On this channel we talk about personal finance, college degrees, careers, and opportunities that are going to lead you to success, and we also go over how you can avoid some of the common traps that so many people fall for. If that sounds like something that interests you and you haven't done it already, go ahead and hit that subscribe button and ring the notification bell so that you never miss out. Now with that being said, this is a very highly requested topic. Everybody wants me to go over the double majors that are good and instead of answering each individual one, I decided I'm just going to go ahead and make a series about it. So let's jump right into it. The first one on the list is going to be a liberal arts degree and a math degree. So I think one combination that might be good here would be philosophy and statistics. With a philosophy degree, you would expect to make $48,000 a year starting out and $89,000 in mid-career pay. And with statistics, you'd make $63,000 starting out and $114,000 mid-career. Now there's a ton of different career paths that you could go down with this combination.  There you would be making $107,000 a year. There's 1.4 million jobs available and it's growing at a ridiculous 22%. Your background in mathematics would help you quite a bit when it comes to the computer science side of things. And then the fact that you studied philosophy and you understand logic really well would also help you. Now liberal arts degrees do have quite a few downsides, but one of the things that's really good about it is it's not likely to be automated. Same goes for math-related degrees as well. So something like software engineering, for instance, only has about a 4% chance of being automated according to WillRobotsTakeMyJob.com. Another one you might consider looking into would be a liberal arts degree plus a business degree. Something like economics mixed with general business. With an economics degree, you would expect to make $58,000 a year starting out at $109,000 in mid-career pay. And with a general business degree, you'd make $47,000 a year starting out in $83,000 mid-career. One career path you might go down is becoming a financial manager. They would make around $129,000 a year. There's 697,000 jobs available and it's growing at 15%, which is really good. Now there's a lot of really good things about business related degrees. First of all, they're extremely flexible and so they go really well when it comes to double majoring with other types of degrees. Think about it, pretty much every company in every industry and a ton of different career types out there are going to be hiring people that have business degrees. So pretty much doesn't matter what type of degree you pair it with, you're probably going to make yourself look a little better when it comes to double majoring. Now another thing that's really great about business degrees is when I did the video on the degrees that create the most millionaires, business degrees were all over the list. I believe they made 6 out of the top 10. Now don't get me wrong, business degrees do tend to lead to careers where you do have a pretty good salary, but I don't think that's the main reason. I think the two main reasons here are for one, when you do business related degrees, you're probably going to learn some of the basics of personal finance at a very young age. Things like budgeting, saving and investing are going to be things you're going to learn pretty young and I've talked about this before, but if you start investing about $15 a day when you're 18 years old, you will easily retire as a multi-millionaire. And then on top of that, I can't prove this. I think that people who get business degrees tend to go on to start businesses more often than others. And if you start a successful business, you're likely going to make quite a bit more money than someone who has a normal 9 to 5 job. Next on the list is going to be liberal arts degrees plus engineering degrees. So an example of this one might be urban planning plus civil engineering. With urban planning, you'd start off making around $48,000 a year and $88,000 in mid-career pay. With civil engineering, you'd start off making $61,000 a year and $103,000 mid-career. If you became an urban and regional planner, you'd make $74,000 a year. There's 39,000 jobs available and it's growing at 11%, which is faster than average. Now I'm going to be honest with you here. Generally speaking, this isn't going to be true for everyone. I know everyone's a little bit different, but generally speaking, engineering degrees are some of the hardest out there and liberal arts degrees are probably not going to be nearly as hard. So usually when it comes to engineering degrees, it's going to be very hard for you to double major in anything else. In fact, a lot of people are going to have trouble doing an engineering degree in four years. So when it comes to double majoring, liberal arts would be one of the few other types of degrees where it would be realistic for normal people. With that being said, it's still going to be extremely difficult. I don't think that I would have been ready to do an engineering degree at 18. I pretty much wanted to just have fun in college, especially earlier on. So you pretty much just have to be honest with yourself and realize what your limits are. Now that being said, engineering degrees in general tend to earn more throughout an entire lifetime than any other type of degree. The average degree earns around $2.4 million in a lifetime, whereas an engineering degree will earn $3.5 million. And this is pretty much across the board and it doesn't really matter what career path you go down. For instance, if you go into arts and media, you're still going to be earning on average about $3 million over a lifetime. And if you go into community service and legal, you're going to be earning $3.2 million. So engineering degrees tend to do extremely well pretty much no matter what career path you decide to go down. And mixing the extremely practical hard skills that you learn with an engineering degree with some of the softer skills that you might learn with a liberal arts degree might be an incredible combination. With that being said, you really do have to do your research. You don't want to waste your time taking a bunch of extra classes if you don't actually need to. Next on the list, we're going to be talking about liberal arts degrees and technology degrees. Now technology degrees and just technology skills in general are extremely hot right now. I talk about this quite a bit on the channel. So for instance, you might mix a criminal justice degree with an information systems degree. With criminal justice, you'd make $40,000 a year starting out and 66,000 in mid career pay. And with information systems, you'd make 59,000 starting out and 101,000 mid career. I think technology is affecting every single industry out there, whether it's totally disrupting the industry or whether it's just streamlining things. So learning technology related skills can help you pretty much no matter what direction you decide to go.  They make around $90,000 a year, there's 632,000 jobs available and it's growing at 7%, which is faster than average. Then you could end up being one of those awesome nerds on CSI or criminal minds that starts looking stuff up when they're trying to find the bad guy. Another thing that's great about technology related careers is that it's not very likely that they're going to be automated. So for instance, computer system analyst has only a 0.7% chance of being automated. Next on the list, we're going to be talking about a liberal arts degree plus another liberal arts degree. So one example here, of course, would be political science plus economics. With a polyside degree, you would expect to make $47,000 a year starting out and 89,000 in mid career pay. And with an economics degree, you'd make 58,000 starting out and 109,000 mid career. Now one career path you might go down is becoming a political scientist and they make around 122,000 a year, there's 7,000 jobs available, and it's growing at 6%, which is faster than average. However, you're probably going to have to get a master's degree. And this is a common problem that you see over and over again when it comes to a lot of the liberal arts degrees. It's very difficult to get a job, especially if you're actually trying to get a job in the subject that you studied in college with just a bachelor's degree.  I was looking at philosophy degrees and I believe 57% of philosophy graduates end up going back to school in order to get a master's or a doctorate. Now a lot of these types of degrees aren't going to be as hard as something like engineering or mathematics, so it's kind of what you make of it. If you want to kind of just coast by and just do the bare minimum, you can probably do that and still graduate, but it's probably not the best idea to do that.  Like I said, there's a lot of downsides to getting a liberal arts degree. I talk about that quite a bit on my channel. Again, I'm not biased here or anything like that. I'm just trying to give you guys the honest facts and you can do what you want with that information. However, there are some upsides to getting one of these types of degrees and I think one of the biggest ones is that it's going to teach you quite a bit of soft skills. Soft skills is going to involve things like critical thinking, formulating an argument, writing essays, communication, giving speeches, thinking on your feet, things like that. Now soft skills might not directly lead to you making money. You know, companies probably aren't going to pay you if you have a lot of these types of degrees. However, they might indirectly lead you to making more money because of the fact that you're going to have great communication skills. And on top of that, they're probably just going to enrich your life in general. And the next one on the list that we're going to talk about is a liberal arts degree plus any other type of degree that's a little more practical. So for instance, you might get a history degree. History is one of my favorite subjects and you might combine that with a computer science degree. With history, you'd expect to make $45,000 a year starting out and $80,000 in mid-career pay. And with a CS degree, you'd make $70,000 starting out and $116,000 in mid-career pay. Now, when it comes to the most and least regretted degrees, according to Zipp recruiter, computer science is the least regretted. Only about 12% of the people who got this degree regretted it. And the main reason for regret was that it's pretty stressful. On the other hand, social sciences were the fourth most regretted type of degree at about 29% of people regretting it. And the main reasons are that they're a little bit too general and practical and it's hard to find a job without further studies. So when it comes to these types of degrees, these liberal arts degrees, I agree with a lot of people that I think they're very interesting. And I also think that they have a lot of value. I'm not saying that they don't have value. But in this modern age where the average person is going almost $40,000 in debt in order to get a college degree, you want to make sure that you're able to secure a job after graduating. And unfortunately, there's a huge supply and demand issue when it comes to liberal arts degrees. There's quite a few people who are graduating with them and there's not that much demand on the market. And that brings me to my next point, which is maybe you should consider not majoring in liberal arts. Instead, you could either minor in it, take extra classes in it, or just study it on the side. And the truth is, if you're just in it for the knowledge, there are free classes online. For instance, Harvard and a bunch of the other Ivy League schools offer completely free classes online and you can even buy the same textbooks that they used. So for instance, film is something that I really enjoy. And because of that, I took a couple extra classes. History is another subject I really enjoy. And because of that, I listened to podcasts, I read books, and I also read blogs online. I remember that when I took a history class, they were making me go over subjects that I wasn't really all that interested in. And they were also making me memorize dates and do all kinds of stuff and write essays about stuff that I didn't really want to do. And that kind of ruined the subject for me a little bit. And so I kind of decided that I wanted to keep it as a hobby.  But I do think that you should be a little more practical about it. You'll likely have to either start a YouTube channel, maybe a blog or a podcast, something along those lines, if you want to do it professionally and get paid for it. Because the truth is, there's not going to be that many jobs out there for someone who just has a bachelor's in history. Now, I've been working on this really exciting project where I've taken all of the knowledge that I've learned and I put together all of the best sources that I found on the internet into one college degree ranker. And right now it's in version 1.1. And I'm only going to allow it to be out there for just a few months. It's going to be down in the description below in my Patreon if you want to access it. Again, it's probably not going to be out there for long. And if you haven't done it already, go ahead and gently tap the like button, ring the notification bell, comment down below any thoughts, comments, criticisms, etc. that you have on the video. Share the video with all of your friends. And before you leave, go ahead and check out my other videos right here. I made them just for you.


Election denial, it's dangerous. It's a threat to democracy. Well, it lets Democrats do it because that's totally different. Thanks to our friend, Defiant Ls, who is a mastered exposing Democrat hypocrisy, we now have one of the more hilarious examples of a Democrat who denies election results when Democrats lose, then suddenly joins her party in the media in fear mongering about dangerous election deniers just days before the midterm elections. Which I'll get right into, but first give me 30 seconds to tell you about this free coin offer from Noble Gold. Did you know Noble Gold's team of precious metals experts have helped thousands of worried investors like you to build and preserve wealth through times like these? Find out why gold, silver, and IRAs are the answer to inflation and financial contagion. Talk to a personal precious metals expert today. Oh, and this month they're gifting a free three ounce silver American virtue coin with every qualified IRA above $20,000. You can't go wrong with Noble Gold. Call the team now at<PHONE_NUMBER> to find out more or visit noblegoldinvestments.com. And as always, there's a link in the description or pinned comment. Just remember, there is always a risk of loss and past performance is not indicative of future results. This is what Democrat Rep Eskimani said about the 2016 election in 2018. Rigged witch hunt, the only thing rigged in this was the 2016 presidential election. I don't know, sounds like both a conspiracy theory and election denial. This is what she had to say a couple months ago. More than one in two Americans will have an election denier on the ballot this fall. This isn't funny, it's dangerous. Democrat conspiracy theories about the 2016 election being rigged, totally normal. Have questions about the 2020 elections? Well, that's dangerous and not funny. Except it's hilarious, but it doesn't stop there. Because after this tweet went viral, she actually responded to it. I must be doing something right when conservative accounts start trolling with disinformation memes.  If you actually go to the tweet, you'll see this where readers added context. I didn't even know this was an option. Is this something that Elon added? But it says right there what we already know that both tweets contained in the image were in fact tweeted by Rep Eskimani with actual links to the original tweets. Oh, easy. So far, this has been so entertaining, but it doesn't stop there. Even as another Florida state representative tells her to just take the L and stop digging, she continues digging.  I have never denied the results of the 2016 election and have always referred to President Trump as president.  Nobody did not understand, nobody cares.   As I stated just a few moments ago, we have the receipts. And I'd like to add that she called the 2016 election rigged in 2018, which was well into Trump's administration. And it gets even better. The other Florida state representative responds with a gift showing a man digging a hole. Seriously? I expected better from legislative colleagues.  I'm gonna take a wild guess here and say the citizens of Florida expect better from a representative who's so blatantly lying. But Eskimani isn't the only Democrat election denier getting called out for their hypocrisy. Okay. Thank you, Korean. Following up on your comment that there's an alarming number of Republicans who are saying they're not gonna accept election results. Does that mean President Biden thinks it is a threat to democracy if somebody votes Republican? No, that's a ridiculous question. No.  If the Democrats fail, it might be the end of American democracy. I think we're one election away from the end of American democracy. If they take over in 2022, that is the end of democracy and we're gonna have authoritarianism. I hope that we can flip this and save democracy if we can't. I gotta, you know, I gotta believe that fascism will take over in America and that will be the death of democracy. The potential death of democracy. The death of democracy. The death of democracy. The death of democracy. I think that could be the end of our democracy, not to be too, you know, pointed about it. Hillary Clinton said a couple of weeks ago that if he runs and wins, that could be the end of our democracy. Do you share that fear? I do. It's the end of democracy as we know it. That'll be the end of democracy as we know it. It's the end of democracy. That is a recipe for the end of democracy. The country is at risk as long as one of our two major parties is so committed to destroying our democracy. I know there's a lot of stake in these midterm elections, but there's something else at stake. Democracy itself. No, that's a ridiculous question. No. It's ridiculous or you're just stalling because you weren't counting on anybody asking you this question. In fact, Biden's chief of staff, Ron Klein, described Biden's speech last night as quote, one final warning. The president decided a few days ago that it was important to issue one final warning on this issue to make very clear to leave no doubt that we have people out there still peddling the big lie. People are now raising the issue of election denial in this election. Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait. Is he talking about Joe Biden who suggested that the midterm elections might not be legitimate? I wanna go, you were asked whether or not you believed that we would have free and fair elections in 2022 if some of these state legislatures reforms their voting protocols. You said that it depends. Do you think that they would in any way be illegitimate? Oh yeah, I think it easy to be illegitimate. What's the warning? Is he making some kind of a threat? Or is he saying that if Democrats lose, then democracy is over. Either way, it's not good. No, that's a ridiculous question. No. Why is that a ridiculous question? Because American people should have their right to vote for whomever they want. The voting is a sacred right. It is something that the president wants to protect at every turn. And he has done that. He's taken actions to protect the right to vote. And you see Democrats in Congress also doing the work to protect the right to vote. Exactly. Thank you for finally admitting the narrative that democracy is over if Democrats lose. It's insanely hypocritical. Especially when your main argument for electing Democrats is that your opponents are dangerous election deniers. Don't forget who also doesn't accept election results, Karen Jean Freakin Pierre, who tweeted out multiple conspiratorial election denying claims. Again, why are none of these people calling themselves reporters ever calling her out on this? Or at least questioning what makes her a credible authority? If this were a Republican administration making these claims, we all know that these people would be falling over themselves to push back against claims that democracy is over and that Republicans don't win. And if the press secretary themselves were election deniers, it would be a constant feeding frenzy. All we can do right now is vote. Ignore all these stories about red waves. There will not be a red wave unless you go vote. So get it done. That's all for now. Please leave a comment to continue the discussion and keep checking back for new content. Thanks a lot.


Cutlass Express 2013 began a week-long exercise November 11th in the waters off of East Africa. The exercise is in its third year and is part of a partnership strategy in the Africa area. Thirteen nations and several international organizations are participating with the aim of improving safety and security in the region. In the states, tax season is almost here, and a new NAV admin kicks off the 2014 Volunteer Income Tax Assistance and Electronic Tax Filing Program. This program is available for you, your family, and retirees to file your tax return. Last year volunteers helped save more than a million dollars in tax preparation fees. Go to your installation's Tax Assistance Center to set up an appointment or check out military onesource.mil for more information. Read more about these stories at NAV.mil. From all hands update, thanks for watching.