Good evening, friends. And today we apologize. It's one of the rare occasion wherein there was some technical glitch. And amongst us, we have Mr. Hasid Sate, who is an independent council and a known name in respect of the arbitration proceeding as such. And we head international dispute resolution and investigation practice. Since we are already running late, as per the schedule, I will straight away ask Mr. Hasid as well as Viapak to take the things forward. Hi, thank you, Vikas. Welcome, Viapak and everybody. So I'll just start off with the format that we have thought about is that will be, it's kind of a discussion between me and Viapak and then we'll see how to involve the audience. But so let me start off asking, so today's topic is how to claim damages successfully. So all of us as lawyers have put in prayers to claim damages, whether in arbitration or litigation, but ultimately, how much of what we have claimed has been recovered or is recoverable, that's something that we all need to put our ideas to. So that's what I thought we'll have as a topic. And to start off, let me start with the very basics by asking Viapak something very basic that under Indian law, can you claim damages and for contractual disputes or otherwise, and what's sort of the basic legal definition and contours of claiming damages. Over to you, Viapak. Sure, thanks a lot, Vikas. First of all, for bringing this program together. I think you have done a fantastic job in conducting this session for several years now, even during the COVID and thereafter. And Hassid, thanks again for joining this session and asking me this question. So let me first put a little more controversial answer in that sense. I think a lot of people talk about damages and the moment the word damages come in anybody's mind, everyone starts thinking what you can claim, whether everything can be claimed, what is my damage, it all goes into the calculations and people throw numbers in lakhs and crores and millions and billions. I think the basic understanding of which one should be aware of that in Indian law particularly, and we'll talk about the comparative law outside India as well, subject to time permitting, what you can actually claim, right? And when you read section 73 and 74 of the Law of Contract Act, what you can actually claim is only a form of compensation. So the moment you use the word compensation, that's where I think everything falls in place. So damages in very simply put is a form of compensation which you claim due to any breach, loss or injury. So if you just dissect this simple one sentence, first it is only that you can claim compensation and compensation has its own meaning. Two, it has to be in context of a breach, so there has to be a breach in the first place. Two, loss, which means you have to show that there is a loss occurred and three, there has to be an injury in case if it's not a contract or otherwise, right? So that's broadly the contours under the Indian law and there are very three simple principles on which compensation is granted and this compensation is basically protecting three kinds of interests which the claimant or the person who is claiming who has not breached the contract or who is basically an innocent party as we call it. Three kinds of compensations are prescribed and depending upon the contract you can calculate the damage or damages. First is the expectation interest which basically means that you put the claimant in a position which the claimant would have if the contract was performed but for the defendant not performing its part of the promise. So that is one way of calculating the compensation. Second is the reliance interest which basically means you put back the claimant in a position what it was had he not taken any steps in performance of his or her promise but for the defendant not performing their part of promise. So basically bring back the position as it was prior to the actions under the contract and third is the restitution expectation which means that if the non-innocent party has gained anything out of the contract then all those gains can also be restituted and provided as part of the compensation. So these are the three main principles under which the calculations fall and we'll discuss this little more in detail but that's what has it broadly it is in terms of the basic principle. I don't know if you have anything further to add but I do have one question for you unless you have something to add.  You are still on mute. So thank you Vyapak for a very core introduction to what is the concept of damages in India and particularly under the contract timing. So the only thing I wanted to not add but had a thought is that this is not a mechanism to make a profit. I mean the contract law as you rightly said is based around the concept of compensation. So if that's kept in mind I think it leads to better outcomes. Sure. So that's a very very important aspect that when you are getting into any advice or any calculation of damages and let's look at it from the contours of a compensation. You have to look at it from a perspective that it is in form of a compensation for a breach loss or injury and nothing more. And I think you will land in a situation which is more relevant and more plausible in a court of law. So let me take this discussion forward Hasith and get your perspectives on damages a little bit more. So we have already discussed in general what damages are but then when you get into the discussion and particularly when you want to claim it there are several types of damages that comes to your mind. In terms of what kind of damages you can claim, whether you can claim actual loss, direct or indirect loss, anything further than that. And also before going into those aspects the primary issue first to discuss is about the liquidated damages and general damages as provided under section 73 and 74. So can you give us a little perspective on section 73 and 74 first and then maybe we can go little detailed into what kind of damages we can claim. Correct. Thank you. So the scheme of the contract act is that section 73 provides for what are known as regular damages. In that the quantum can vary from nominal damages in terms of how much you can claim to actual damages like whatever has the loss been caused to you. And as we have said based on reliance or expectation interest, it could be something that you have spent on a cost basis or something that you should have got had the contract been performed. So both the theories are sort of applicable in scenarios where it depends on the kind of breach and the stage and the performance on either side, what has happened and what was expected and what the party is expected. So the broad that's the broad scheme of like how the damages system is coming to section 73 which is the core section for damages or compensation if somebody wants to call it. It has two aspects one is for contractual damages and other is for quasi contracts, which is the word you phrase used by English law, but in Indian law calls it certain relations those resembling the contracts but the measure is the same 73 covers both of them. 74 is liquidated damages. So that's where the parties have specified what the damages should be. In terms of a particular kind of a breach, I mean so they have already pre decided that if such a breach occurs, let's say a building is delayed in construction or certain goods don't reach by this time, then certain penalty would be imposed. Liquid damages are more common where you have continuing contracts or repeatable contracts under an umbrella of a single contract and repeatedly it has to be performed as such. But also common in construction where there are the whole contract is divided into multiple phases and you have liquid damages when certain milestone is not reached or certain conditions occur. The mechanism differs in 73, 74 is that in 74 parties have decided what the damages should be. In 73 it's the court that decides what the damages should be. And courts have within those types, I mean if we want to classify one is like what are the natural consequences of the breach. And the second category that goes beyond it is the consequential damages that if this breach occurred, what would be consequential? And it depends upon what the parties had contemplated. And the whole section 73 if we see it comes from the last paragraph of Adelaide versus Baxendale case, it's literally a reproduction of that case. Two cases last paragraph and that's where the then that's cases actually about consequential damages. So those two types of damages are like contemplated. But the third category which is there and which is spread out over a number of sections are certain kinds of compensation in certain situations. So just to give you two examples of that third category is compensation in case of frustration related issues in under section 56. And also section 65, where if there is a contract is wide, you can still get some compensation if something has occurred as performance under those contract. So that is a less understood and less used category, but 73-74 is where our focus usually is that where parties are specified like what should be the damages in case of this and this could be termed as penalty. The section itself says that it could be termed as penalty. And then it will be like given but it's the section says whether or not actual losses are proved or not. But our case law essentially has tended to that you will have to prove the loss or prove that you cannot prove the actual loss. Okay. No, I think you are right. And only little nuanced distinction if I may make between 73 and 74 is that why people even want to put the penalty or the liquidated damages right at a front, right? What is the advantage? I think today what we are trying to understand is how to successfully claim damages. And therefore it doesn't start when the dispute occurs. Actually it starts when you are drafting the contract itself. And I think what courts have said that look, and I think Hasith also mentioned that whether that kind of a loss was in contemplation is the first precondition to even grant the compensation. Both parties should be added whether it is 73 or 74 that any breach of a nature that occurs, then the non-innocent party should have contemplated that this kind of loss will be given to the innocent party. But why then liquidated damages in the first place? I think the biggest difference if I may put it is yes, you have to prove the breach, right? You cannot claim damages without doing the breach. There has to be a causation. There has to be a formal or an informal or at least some connection built between the breach and the loss. But what comes handy if you put a liquidated damages and how you can successfully claim those damages is if you had identified and calculated the reasonable compensation right at the start of the contract, then you don't have to actually prove the loss and calculate the loss. What you have to prove is the breach and that you have suffered loss in connection to that breach. I think this is where even 74 can be actually interpreted in the manner that liquidated damages in a general sense is always a good idea. Of course, not in situations where it's a large contract and you may want to wait till the breach occurs because you don't know what would be the actual loss would be. But at least in general sense, you may want to consider putting a liquidated damage clause because court is more inclined and possible to get the liquidated damage as contemplated and as agreed between the parties at the start of the contract. So long as it is not termed as, you know, unconscionable or some penalty, which is, you know, be on the contract. You can't say one lakh rupee contract and 10 lakh rupee loss, right? That kind of things can't happen. But if you put a reasonable number, court is more likely to grant it without you proving the actual loss, particularly in complex situations. So I think this is in my view the first step to consider while drafting the contract. If you really want to successfully, you know, claim damages going forward. But when you file the claim, make sure you do two things. One, you show the breach and connect the breach with the loss. You need not show the actual loss in that sense, but actually, but at least you need to connect it. And two, you should show the reasonability that such an amount was in contemplation between both the parties, including the non-innocent party. And therefore, it's a reasonable compensation and not in the nature of penalty. So long as you make those two agreements and, you know, you know, supported by either evidence or the way contract is written or otherwise, I think you are, you know, you have a very good chance of claiming those losses. Very, very interesting. And I agree with all that you have said, I mean, and liquid damages have been difficult to claim in practice in India. So that's what, but people who draft contracts, I mean, love them, love these liquid damages clauses. They sometimes tend to work as interim clauses that people want to avoid liquid damages and hence perform the contract as per its written or some extra effort is put in, particularly in construction world. But what I'm seeing is that invocation of bank guarantees has replaced, you know, like that interim tool to get performance or put as a penalty if the performance is not up to the certain mark, I mean, so, but that's a practice issue, not a doctrinal issue, I mean, as such. So next thing we have a guy wanted to ask you is there is a certain, you know, school of thought, which believes that, you know, let's put indemnity clauses into the contract that, you know, like, let's put a named indemnity quantified indemnity that if certain event occurs and make it a conditional contract that if certain event occurs, then, you know, you'll give us some indemnity. And we are seeing a lot of discussions online regarding arbitration disputes in MNA. And MNA is an area where MNA lawyers love putting indemnity clauses, I mean, so in your side of the world, in your experience, what is a good practice to whether to think that indemnity can replace damages or are they better than damages, I mean, in practice. Sure.   And so I am very much part of those negotiations which run into days and nights. But I think it's not a straightforward answer as to whether indemnity is good or not or bad, right? I think, obviously, as every lawyer would say, it would depend upon which side you are representing and what are the facts of the case. So there is no answer whether indemnity is good or damages are good. It all depends whether you are representing a seller in an MNA transaction or a buyer, whether you are representing a company giving certain reps and warranties, whether you are representing the promoters or in other sale contracts, it depends who you are and what kind of situation and what are your negotiating powers.  So I think first we have already discussed damages by its own principle is only for a breach loss or injury. And two, it requires causation, which means you need to show the breach and also show the connection of the loss connected to the breach. I think this is the fundamental difference if I may say where indemnity differs from damages. Let me put it little simply so that, you know, one can possibly remember while making this decision. So I would put, let's say, four aspects, there are many differences between indemnity and damages, but let me put it in the category of priority and let's say there are four different aspects where indemnity differs from damages. I think the first and the foremost is damages can be claimed only on account of a breach of the parties involved in the contract. So not only that it has to be limited to the parties involved, but it is also limited to the breach committed by that party. While indemnity, you can claim even merely on an action or an inaction of a third party, which is not connected to the contract itself. And you don't have to prove a breach, which means only thing you have to show is that a particular event has happened, which may be a result of an act or inaction of a third party. And that you have suffered a loss, that's about it. So this is in my view, first and the most fundamental difference for between an indemnity and damages. Second, it flows from the first that it can be for a non-breach event means in a damage you have to show the breach of the contract. In indemnity, you don't have to show the breach of the contract. Contract is still intact, but still you are claiming loss because of certain outside event, which contract is still continued. So we can give you examples, but I'm just giving you the first principles at the moment. The third is you don't have to show the actual loss. You can actually claim it before you incur the loss. While in damage, you have to first incur the loss and then claim as a compensation. While in indemnity, you can say that, look, I have to pay because of this. So you can have a direct payment made. It means you are not out of pocket in certain situation subject to, of course, how you draft the indemnity because indemnity is all about how you draft your contract. And there is a wide canvas available under the contract act as to how you draft the indemnity in terms of what it would entail and what it would not entail. And the fourth and the another important category is duty to mitigate. I think we didn't discuss it earlier, but damages come with this very basic duty to mitigate in sense. The innocent party has a duty to take all the steps to mitigate the loss in sense. Even if the non innocent party makes a breach, innocent party has a duty to see that innocent party takes all the steps to avoid that loss. In indemnity, no such duty is prescribed under law. Of course, you can prescribe it under the contract or some other form. But if you whichever side you represent, depending upon how you negotiate it, you can actually exclude the duty to mitigate or remain silent. And therefore, by nature, it is excluded so far as indemnity is concerned. So I think there are many other nuance differences, but I would take a decision to have an indemnity or not have an indemnity based on, of course, which side I am. And to whether these four elements are going to help me to claim that rather than wait for the breach or otherwise under the contract. And bear in mind, indemnity is not a substitution or in lieu of damage clause. It is sometimes in addition so long as you are negotiating in that form. So you can still have damages as a general remedy, but indemnity for your specific remedies or specific loss that you can recover. So that's broadly the contours under which that decision can be made. Very interesting, very interesting. I think this indemnities could be very effectively deployed in parallel contracts where you are not sure whether events would occur first under A and B contract which are running parallelly. Or which are dependent upon some external contracts of when you have a privity problem that a contracts with B and B contracts with C. So in the contract between B and C you really can't control what's happening in the contract of A and B. So indemnities could solve some of that. Also in cases of certain regulatory failures or certain non-compliances or even representation and warranties related to title or IP or otherwise where third party claims are very common. And that may not be direct breach on performance of the contract but still loss has occurred. Or defence has to be made by the innocent party and spend some money on that. So those are the situations particularly where indemnities are very important.  There is always this discussion that I want to claim 100 crores because this happened and that happened and I would have made this profit. This would have done and I would have invested in stock markets if the money had come and I would have made a lot of money. So what kind of damages you can claim? Can you claim loss of profits? Can you claim loss of future profits? Direct loss? Indirect loss? What are these elements? Otherwise we have seen in planes in courts where claims go beyond 100,000-200,000 crores. Where ultimately either the suit is not even progressed or even if it is granted it's bare minimum loss or damages which is granted and you just can't prove anything beyond few crores. So what all you can grant? How can you be reasonable and at least foresee what will be granted in terms of successfully claiming those damages in any dispute situation? Very interesting aspect that you have asked about. The loss of profits as an aspect of damages are available under Indian law coming from English law. And the loss of profits essentially depend upon how the contract has progressed. I mean if one of the parties has performed their part of the contract and the other party has breached the contract at a little late stage I would say that's when really the loss of profits claim kind of apply fair and square. Because a lot of loss of profits claim are speculative in the sense that if the contract had been performed I would have got this piece of land in 2020. I would have built a building by 2022 sold so many flats and made like say 1000 crores as you say. But because I could not get the piece of land and hence I could not finish the building and hence I could not make the expected profits. But all this is hit by a very big barrier called remoteness. Or the section 73 itself as a barrier that whatever claims are being made for damages I mean and particularly loss of profit damages don't have to be removed. So what does remoteness mean essentially? So the section says that these should be the damages should be the natural consequences of the breach. And as you have rightly emphasized so many times that breach is a sine qua non it's a necessity to get damages. And then you need causation that this particular breach led to my losses in this one hence I should get this much. Now problem in it's the causation aspect that is the problem with remoteness. That did this breach cause this loss to you? Did you not getting like that piece of land in 2020 has actually caused this loss to you? Or even if you had got that land but you didn't get you were not going to get the investors and that's why you actually lost out on the project. Because some business idea to fail under a contract there could be multiple reasons inside the contract or even outside. So whether your loss is directly related and how remote it is from the cause the reason for the breach I mean the causation that's what controls remoteness of damages. But there have been very successful claims for remoteness of damages recently particularly a preview council decision coming from I think British Virgin Islands if I'm not wrong. Where they were back to back contracts one to create a water filtration system and then to operate and maintain it. So because the site was not given the contractor could not build the water filtration plant. And hence automatically they could not operate and maintain it. But I mean it was declared that they are eligible for loss of profits I mean although there was nothing built I mean. So it's really the course view of what's reasonable and what's not remote. Because both the contracts were signed on the same date they were with the same parties and they were so interlinked and the same party was going to operate and maintain it. That it was foreseeable and that's where this this magic word comes in that whether it was foreseeable that they would lose out on profits if the site is not given. And the courts felt yes it was foreseeable and the reasonable person would foresee that if the site is not given they cannot build the plant and then they won't be able to claim like loss of they won't be able to make profits out of it. So the reasonableness and that's really the course determination nobody can write into the contract and expect that this would be the loss of profits if this is not performed I mean because it's the course measure of what loss of profits would be. But from a planning point of view or litigation strategy point of view, I would say that when the contract is being performed and how much is the quantification of what loss or profits can be. Like expected to be made if this is conveyed and built into communication and in the contract itself. I think it makes a very strong case for loss of profits. Yeah, no I agree with you I think it's a little complicated subject and you know possibly this is the time where you when you are strategizing your claim. I think this is the biggest discussion while, of course as lawyers we advise our clients as to what can be claimed and what cannot be claimed, but it may be a good idea if the claim is large to even involve experts who are you know good on quantifications. One is the law and what law is applicable to your contract, what are the contractual clauses and how those would interplay in terms of what can be claimed and not claim, particularly looking into the facts of the case whether it's a late claim, claim or an early stage claim, what actions have been taken by either parties and what kind of losses were contemplated at the time of entering into the contract and things like that. But it might be a good idea to strategize with this with you know quantum experts who are you know good at actually calculating some of this, you know but for situations or otherwise. Before you, what is the expected, you know losses or compensation that you can ultimately claim. So, this is the time you should bring in, you know different teams together before filing the claim rather than you know, worry about it when you have already claimed on some different basis and then to prove those bases becomes the biggest challenge so don't jump into it while drafting the plane particularly when it comes to damages, but you know try and strategize it before drafting is very easy people, people feel drafting is difficult. I think drafting is not difficult. You know, what is what is important is the case theory, as we call it in legal parlance is to draw out your case theory, based on the proofs that are likely to be, you know, provided at the time of proof as damages, and then draft it. If you do the other way, take it from us that you are going to get it wrong, you will never be able to claim what you think you want to claim it's not about what you think it is about what you are likely to get and that is where you know strategy comes handy. So we are taking upon that. I was wondering if you could throw some light based on your experience and insights about limitation of liability, a lot of contracts have this that your liability is limited to, you know, like certain amount, maybe the money paid particularly the software development contracts as we know I mean that you only can recover what's the money paid or in construction contracts there is sometimes you know like different limitations of liability. So what's been your like experience and thought process around this limitation of liability. You know, snow that's a very, very important point because this comes very often particularly in a construction infrastructure contracts, when you are a contractor from a private entity perspective and the employer is typically a public sector, and then you have the ability to negotiate a contract when you are signing off a tender, where it simply says that look in case of delays or in case of other situations, there will be no compensation only extension will be granted, or you know, as you rightly said, they said they will not pay you more than one leg irrespective of what loss you suffer and things like that. I think the question which comes in, see at the end of the day, the simple answer can be look you contracted it for now you live with it. Law is not that simple law protects certain kind of parties in certain situations, particularly if those situations take away the basic right of compensation from a party in a non, you know, parallel or rather when parties are you know, they are not at same level when they are contracting or if there is an actual loss and the facts are different so if I may use the factual pattern of a delay claim where one is the extension of time and second is the loss suffered because of delay and in that context if I give you the answer possibly then you can apply in different situations. And the law again as in every case is not clear. There has been many contradictory judgments from different high courts and even Supreme Court to some extent, and it's not very clear as to whether these are contracts which are, you know, void or voidable or whether they get hit by section 23 or section 55 where time is a sense of a contract or otherwise. But let me very quickly in, you know, a couple of minutes run through three or four judgments. I think the first judgment and if you know the the participants here need some citations or otherwise will be happy to share those post the session maybe you can coordinate with because but the first one that you need to take into account is the always judgment which in a way said that look if there is a delay on delay claim by the contractor and the extension is granted by the employer where it was made very clear that there will be a compensation claim and the employer accepts that delay and grants the extension. Then, you know, you are definitely, you know, entitled to an additional compensation in addition to the, you know, the extension that you have been granted. While there is another judgment in case of Ramnath International which was again a Supreme Court judgment where typical clause was there that no claim in respect of compensation or otherwise house over arising as a result of extensions, you know, granted, you know, will be provided the typical clause that we see in construction, and it says that no compensation if there is a delay attribute attributable either to the contractor or the employer. Now this was also considered this clause was again considered in another judgment in Asian tax, limited versus Union of India. And then the facts were a little different the contractor had made it clear that it would continue work only on the assurance that the increased rates would be decided and quote did help that such a clause, restricting the liability would not stand in the way, you know, of the contractors claim, but I think the most commonly used judgment is the simplex concrete piles, you know, limited judgment by Delhi High Court, where it basically held that the contractual clauses where limitation of liabilities are prescribed in the nature that we are discussing, particularly if this entitles the agreed party to the benefits of section 55 and 73 would be violative of section 23 of contract act. Now this of course is subject to the facts and circumstances of the cases that it dealt with, including it, it considered both Ramnath International and Asian tech, but it still goes ahead and says, you know, that such clauses, you know, can be considered as void being violative of section 23. And then of course there is a public works department judgment of 2014, which again differentiates simplex by saying that it only applies in those situations where contract absolutely takes away the right to claim and not in other situation. But it also says it applies the position as under section 55, particularly if the, you know, time is the essence of contract. So there are three or four pointers, if I would say, to take into account for limitation of liability clause, at least in the context of, you know, extension or delay claims is one you have to first look at section 55 of the Indian contract act and see by nature whether section 55 applies or not. Evaluate if time is the essence of the contract, you know, practically rather than what is stated in the contract. And most importantly, whether contractor had given a notice for that additional compensation at the time of extension. And so long as those aspects are, you know, available as part of your factual summary, then you can still claim liability in spite of limitation of liability clause under the contract. Otherwise it would be difficult in situations where you have not given those notices or other factual scenario does not apply. So again, while there has been a lot of jurisprudence around this but it's still not as clear as one would want, and therefore at the time of performance of the contract, particularly when extensions are granted. And more importantly, when you are making those claims, you need to ensure that those, you know, notice, notices are there, then you make sure that you include it as part of your submissions or everments in the plaint or the claim as the case may be. Maybe this also answers a couple of questions on the chat box from Harminder and Gaurav, but we will take those separately as things progress. Yes, this is a very interesting area with no hard line answers. I mean, you can't draw a line in the stone. And one judgment which recently in November, which came out is Wellesman versus ONGC, where Wellesman's specialty, where the contract actually says that the time is of essence, but the court found and supported the arbitrator's view that mere presence of liquidated damages, mere presence of clauses which would allow you to grant extension of damages with LD or without LD indicates that time was not essence of the contract. And further, they said that once you waived the liquidated damages in grant of EOT, then automatically next time, so there was a situation that there was waiver of EOTs were granted without liquidated damages and then they were imposed later on for further EOTs. So this court says that once you waived them, essentially you give up your right unless there was specific language in the contract, which would allow you to reimpose EOTs with liquidated damages. And they said this is in line with the second paragraph of section 55. So the jury is wide out there, I mean, based on the contract and this was an arbitration review. So whether the courts were only trying to support or find a plausible way to support the arbitrator's view or they think that this is the law, we'll have to wait a bit I mean for that. So, very interesting and I had some things where both of us, I thought, could share quickly some views on these topics. And Vyappak, you want to initiate some three, four points we had in mind where we could jointly. No, I think we are already strong. Yeah, we are already at 30. So I know we started a little late. But I'm sure people would have made some plans and them and their dinner. But maybe five minutes we can extend subject to what Vikas says. Yeah, so I think, you know, one thing would be that there are two questions if we can take those questions. Yes, you want to take the questions first or because that would take up all the time, I mean, so whichever. Maybe what we can do is we can separately answer those questions to the individuals. And maybe just conclude with a couple of points because I think what we wanted to also discuss is the timing of how what and what and how you do so far as your, you know, damage claims are concerned as part of, you know, successfully claiming them. So, you know, what would be the stage of calculating the damages, whether you need an expert, what are the, you know, situations when you face an international arbitration. And, you know, how do you include them in pleadings or otherwise so maybe you can give a very quick overview of the strategy behind claiming damages first, and then maybe we can also answer one or two questions. Yes, that seems interesting. So the first thing I didn't mind to discuss is what would be the stage when you would actually think about calculating damages, when would you start thinking about calculating or quantifying damages. Sorry, I didn't get the last point. So what would be the stage in the whole like litigation or arbitration process or even before that maybe what would be the stage when you think is the ideal time to like start about quantifying and you know like I think at least you should do it much before you file your claim. Because I think what the biggest problem in the hurry to file claims is that, you know, the, as I said it is important to show the causation, and it is also important to show the proof of loss. And therefore your everments and submissions that what is the basis of claiming that loss is very, very relevant when you ultimately lead evidence to prove the loss. So my, my, you know, you know, suggestion would be that it should be, you know, much ahead of times, even that can be the basis whether you really want to file a case or not. I think I would, I would look at it from that perspective because at the end of the day, we are talking about commercial contracts. I understand if it is injury due to a tort or you know something like that and you, you know, go by different reasons, but in a commercial contract situation unless you have a strong case of any compensation, you know, you are basically spending, you know, good money after bad money and, and it's not worth it. Because ultimately, you don't get anything except paying the lawyers, which we are fine with. But I think that's not the ideal situation from a business perspective. Yeah, so that's what I would agree with also that what really, and I think we had hinted it earlier, that you really work backwards from what you want to argue as your theory of your case, and then work up what evidence is available, and then work up what your pleadings should be. Because towards the end, the arbitrators or the judges who ask that you start that have you, are there pleadings to support your claim? And is there evidence to support your claim? And then, you know, like, essentially, what's your argument about it, whether it's reasonable and reasonable, consequential, liquidated, what's the proof, enough proof or not, I mean, as such. So, in your experience, in international arbitrations, and the damages that are granted, is there like a remarkable difference between say the domestic ones and the international ones? I think the biggest difference is the time factor. I think when it comes to domestic litigation or arbitration, what one feels that this is a question after three years, five years or 10 years. I think what happens in an international scene is that you hit with that question in less than 12 or 18 months and you don't have time at that point, you know, to really calibrate the whole aspect of damages. And I think that's the biggest difference you hit the situation much earlier. And two, I think it's not just that, you know, the tribunals are very, you know, soft on granting damages or otherwise. It's also very, very strict on grant of damages. But yes, if there is a situation where there is a direct loss or situation where you are able to show that it has, you know, connection with the breach itself, then they are also not afraid of granting huge damages. And we have seen in the past, whether it was Ren Backsee versus Daichi, which was a classic damage claim, where, you know, for a breach of, you know, disclosure, I may say, or representation with regard to certain, you know, approvals, damages, you know, running into, you know, more than 2-3,000 crores, including interest was granted and approved by Indian ports. Same thing happened with the Tata Doko Mo Pes, which again is a very, you know, remarkable case where it was not the enforcement of a put option, but it was a damage loss or compensation granted for not fulfilling the performance of the sale either by itself or through a third party. And the damage was equal to the amount invested, which was, you know, reasonable compensation, you know, granted and approved by the Indian courts in many ways. So I think that there has been, you know, quite a few jurisprudence, particularly because of the fast proceedings that happen in an arbitration scenario. And, you know, these are very good examples of how international arbitrators look at damage or compensation claims. We may not have any more time, essentially, for further like points. I mean, we would have like I think there is one very basic question from Gaurav, if EOC is granted with the classic clause with LD maybe levied, then what is the jurisprudence available with respect to whether LD levied is legal? I think I did cover this part as discussion of my Asian tech and simplex judgments. Possibly you would get an answer to that that, you know, those are enforceable in certain situations. So maybe Gaurav, you can look at those jurisprudence and see if that solves your issue. And I think there is a comment from Mohat Dubey, I don't think it's a question. It's on Welleson, I mean. It's a fun to digest, I mean. Then Bhavika had one question. I'm sure we won't be able to cover everything, but it was on take or pay clauses. It's essentially, I think you're probably in mind that what we call as full and final settlement that either you take what we are paying or consider all the settlement is done. Those full and final settlement clauses have, in most cases, the courts have found out mechanisms to work around it and using some interpretational aspects that just because you have accepted a payment doesn't mean that you cannot dispute it. And lots of times, people sometimes accept them under protest. Sometimes they make post payment protest or even just in litigation, but courts have also sometimes said if the amounts are smaller and seems that the litigation is only prolonged to enhance it. They'll say, yes, you agreed to what was given to you. So it's very fact specific, I would say. But in general, courts try to find out ways to say that full and final settlement should not bar further claims. And sometimes the claims are not related to what is termed as full and final settlement. There are other heads to claim beyond the full and final settlement heads, I mean. Yeah, because you're right and sometimes same principles as penalty versus liquidated damages apply in these cases as well as to whether those are enforceable or not. But I think with that we might have to end this session and thanks everyone for such a great participation and also hanging out for the first 10-15 minutes when there was a technical glitch. We really are sorry about it. And hopefully, you know, that has not taken away a lot of time from your evening and we appreciate you all joining at this time. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you, Vikas, who runs this wonderful channel Beyond Law CLC. And it's really the quality of speakers that also made me and Vyapak, the earlier speakers, me and Vyapak agree that, you know, we would come on and give this thing and it's a great collection of videos to watch at your free time and some very good insights on very practical aspects of law. So thank you very much, Vikas, and thank you Vyapak also for sparing time to do this session. And on my behalf also, I apologize for the initial, you know, like bit of delay, but that's technology and stuff happens. So I'll respectfully ask for an extension of time for 10 minutes with or without LD. Thank you, Vyapak and thank you, Hasith. It's always a pleasure connecting, especially on the LinkedIn with the insights given by both of you and a lot of insights also on the YouTube. That was one of the things what the team Beyond Law CLC thought that these are the two persons who can actually come on the same page of Beyond Law CLC to give and share the knowledge. And how successfully they have told to claim the damages and how successfully they have also told us what are the deeper insights, the deeper plunges into it, and we would share the judgment shared by both of them. Thank you everyone.  Namaskar again. Thank you, thank you.


Hi everyone and welcome back, it's Vicky here and today I'm going to share how I made these gatefold window cards Now I'm going to show them at first to you so you can see what I am going for So this is a gatefold card that when you open the front flaps you can see a whole heart on it and every one of them and These second two cards are more simple designs So this one has a circle as a window and the last one features a lovely window Where you can see the sentiment So I'm going to show you two different ways on how you can create Gatefold window cards, so let's start with the most complicated one for that I find that the easiest way is to use two side folded cards So these are standard cards for in a quarter by five and a half and For each one of those cards. I'm going to fold only one flap and two and one eighth So I'm going to leave this aside and then on this one again I'm going to score it two and one eighth only on one of the flaps Now I'm using my bone folder to reinforce those scoring lines on both my cards And I'm going to stick those cards one inside the other for that you can go with liquid glue with tape runner Whatever you prefer. I went with double-sided tape, but anything works really and Then all you have to do is to just make sure that you align those two cards perfectly together So at this stage I have a gatefold card with those wonderful accordion gates at the front Now I'm going to show you how I will create a window where I cannot my focal point so for this I'm going with the heart it has to be a shape that is symmetrical and I will tell you in a bit why so I'm going to make sure that the pointy Edges of the heart are at the center I'm going to secure it with some purple tape on one side and then I'm going to run it through my Big shot machine making sure that I cut out only the folded gate I'm running it a couple of times through my big shot since I'm trying to cut out two layers and this is heavy Cutstock now I'm going to fold the card again and without moving the die at all I'm going to peel off the masking tape and stick another one on the other side This way I know that I will end up having the perfect shape with everything perfectly aligning Again make sure that you are going to cut out only the other folded gate I'm going to run this again through my big shot and again. I'm trying to cut out Two layers of cardstock here. So I'm running it a couple of times just to make sure that my die went all the way through And I end up having this beautiful gatefold card and just because I used a Symmetrical shape at the center whenever you open up the gates you can see two full hearts on each side As well as the one at the middle Now you can repeat the same design by using other symmetrical shapes such as a circle a square You can use rectangles. You can use a balloon Just look through the day you have and anything symmetrical would work And now you have the perfect spot to stamp something color it and you have a beautiful card ready to go For my cards today, I'm going to use stamps from the latest Gina K designs release This is a super adorable stamp set It's called the all you need is love and it features her little birds a heart as well as sentiments I think it is really cute and inexpensive to get and it's a great add-on to your collection So I have a panel here that is going to end up on the inside of my card I made sure that I marked where where the window heart is going to fall I stamped my image and a sentiment and colored everything with my alcohol markers So this panel is ready to go I'm going to add some tape adhesive at the back and stick it on the inside Just stick it down and you have a beautiful card However, I'm going to take it a step further and show you how you can embellish the gatefuls I have this big rubber stamp that has scattered hearts all over and I'm Inking it up with Versa marking. I'm going to place the card on top as it is folded and I don't care if I end up having a little bit of stamping on the inside of the heart After all, this is going to be covered later on Now I'm going to apply perfect pearls. It's going to stick where Versa mark ink is This way I end up with a result that is very subtle, but there is still something going on at the front So it's not so boring Here I'm using some super cloth just to remove the excess and now all I have to do is to stick down the inside And you do have a blank area underneath the sentiment where you can write your personal message So you can leave it like that It fits perfectly inside the standard envelope and it is going to lay completely flat there But if you want since it does have a tendency to pop up You can use a ribbon and tie a bow to keep it all together or like I am going to do for today's cards You can create your own bands for that. I'm using border dies These are the spring border dies by Stampentus, but you can pretty much use any border die that you have I can use this specific border die as a continuous pattern It will end up having a little seam at the middle, but it's not noticeable at all So I end up having a very long band that I can wrap around my card and stick it at the back I have some double-sided tape at the end of my band and as I'm going to stick it down I will make sure that I don't make it too tight Otherwise it is going to be difficult for the recipient to slide it out and on again So my card is ready and here are some close-up photos Now for this example, I'm going to show you the easy way. It doesn't eat up as much cardstock So this is an eight and a half by five and a half and I'm scoring both ends at two and one eighth So this way I have the simple gatefold card Where those two flaps meet at the center This design is quicker and simpler to make But remember you can use the same shapes that I'm going to use here to create the first design Which is more amazing to look at. Now at the center this time I'm going to go with a circle Again, I'm tapping it down on one of the gates with some purple tape I'm going to run it through my big shot and just like I did with the previous card I will not remove the tape before I secure the tie on the other side This way I know that everything is going to be aligned perfectly So here as I open the gates, I don't end up having two circles on each side But rather a half circle while on the first card. I have those two hearts as well Which make the card look so pretty Also make sure beforehand that the window that you are going to create is going to allow for the whole image that you are going to stamp to show So here again, I'm using the same stamp set as the first card I stamped the other birdie that holds a little heart and I'm also going to stamp another sentiment I am going to use my alcohol markers to color in the bird and Before I stick it down on the inside of my card I want to show you another way on how you can Decorate the gate folds without making them look too busy So here I used a stencil secured it at the back and as my card is folded I'm going to go over it with a slightly darker ink than the the orange of my cardstock This is going to add a lovely design, but very subtle at the same time So I end up with this tone-on-tone look It's really hard to catch on camera, but trust me, it's there and you will take a closer look on the photos at the end Now I'm going to stick the inside and I still have enough space at the bottom where I can write my message Now you can leave it as it is place it inside an envelope and it's going to lay flat Again, you can tie a ribbon or like me since I had those border dies on my table I'm going to create a band for every one of my designs. So here I used another border die Again, any border die that you have at home would work, but I think those are really pretty I have some double-sided tape at the back on one side of my band and I'm going to wrap it around Again making sure that it's not very tight Here are some close-up photos on the second card For the third card, I'm going to use this stamp set. It's from the new release by Gina K Designs This is called watercolor flowers stamp set. It has lovely flowers and lovely sentiments So these window gatefold cards don't have to feature any match You can also feature a lovely sentiment and in this case I used one of my dies here Making sure that the sentiment is going to fit inside So here I'm using the exact same way Taping the die without moving it on the other gate Then open up the card and run it through So again, I end up with a lovely gatefold card with a little window at the front Again, I used white cardstock on the inside I'm using a pencil to mark where the window is going to fall so that I can stamp exactly inside. I went with a beautiful sentiment that says you make my heart smile Which I'm going to stamp at the center And I'm going to decorate around the sentiment with the lovely flowers that come in the stamp set So here just with my finger, I'm adding a yellow ink at the center of the flowers Then I'm going to use a darker ink to ink up the whole flower But then with my finger, I'm going to remove a little bit from the center So this way I will leave room for the yellow that I already stamped And you can see my finger here is my best tool for multicoloring those watercolor looking flowers And I continue stamping with green this time leaves all around my card I am going to make sure that I don't stamp all over the place I always like to have enough blank space inside the card to write my personal message I'm using tape adhesive at the back and I'm going to stick that inside my card And now this time instead of stamping something on top of the flaps I'm going to show you another idea on how you can turn this window looking more finished So I'm going to use those nested dies one inside the other and I will end up creating a little frame To help the frame pop against the background. I used a darker shade of green I used glue at the back made sure that it is stuck on one side Then I'm going to chop off the excess and then again add glue at the back and stick it on the other gate And that provides another idea on how you can embellish the front of your gates To keep my card together again, I created a paper band by using one of the dies from the stampen to dice set that you show earlier However, this wasn't one of the dies that you can create a continuous pattern But I was determined to make it work since this design is so pretty So just have a little strip of white paper, which I'm going to glue at the back I will add some very thin double-sided tape on each side And this is going to provide the extension that I need now again I'm making sure that this is not going to end up too tight so that you can slide it out and on again And my last card is ready And here are some close-up photos Now just like always you will find the full list of all the supplies that I'm using down below in the description area as well as on my blog I hope that you had fun and you got inspired to create some window gatefold cards Thank you all so much for joining me today, and I'll see you all next time You


If you run large meetings and you've got a big enough monitor, you may want to see more than the default 25 maximum people in gallery view. Well, you can actually add more. So all you need to do is head over to your settings once again in zoom. And then from the settings panel, you're going to come down to video. Click on the video tab here. And then if we scroll down at the bottom, you've got the option of either 25 participants, the regular, or you can go up to 49 participants maximum. So as I say, great if you are running large meetings and have the big enough monitor to see them all for more tips and become a Zoom master. Head over to zoommasterclass.com.


Hi guys, my name is Andrew and Andrew OCA in chat I'm just thought I'd make a quick video here for anyone that's still struggling that needs motivation and or for people contemplating joining MIC for the first time So I'm living in Singapore currently. So obviously I trade part-time. I have a have a job as well full-time right now So I started trading back in 2016 but two years ago And it's been a wild adventure since then So for my for my job for my full-time day job. I'm in recruitment for the banking and asset management industry So I used to deal a lot of traders on a daily basis and things like that. So that sparked my interest in the markets And I wanted to find out more wanted to learn how to trade. So I ended up googling trading The typical clue cliche road, you know Obviously followed some Some questionable people ended up in some chat services Lost money for an extended period of time And then I used to follow I still follow modern rock and Alex on Twitter and I've realized that they were setting up a service called MIC So I'm in MIC About three months now before I joined MIC. I was Not consistent not profitable Losing quite a bit of money So since I've joined MIC, I just want to say that it's an absolutely amazing community It's a community of People with the same vision that are there to help with their traders help people learn From all walks of life from all experience levels and I can't I'm not I suppose I'm I Can't even describe in words how grateful I am For some of the members there who have helped me specifically Shout out to James who's helped me a lot Shout out obviously to Tosh who does trader calls Every day with newer traders looking to learn as well And it's just been an amazing journey so far. I'm on the road to consistency right now.  So Still still at the early stages of my journey, but I'm looking forward to what's gonna come in the next couple of months so That's it guys Hope this helps motivate you and I just think it's so disappointing as well When you look at Twitter you look at some of the other services and you see people losing so much money And the only thing I would say is Please you need to give NYC a chance Trust me. You won't be disappointed. It's amazing community. Thanks guys. Take care


Welcome to Toffy TV, it is the Everton News Daily and for you subscribers on YouTube we're letting you see what we do every day on Patreon. If you want to join us make sure to click the little i in the corner there or wait till the video is over where there will be a link to Patreon where we do these every single day so we just thought we'd let you have a little look. Obviously the big news today is Ronald Cooman has said Ross Barkley will be leaving the football club. He was asked about about Ross Barkley in his press conference before the Europa League game and he said that he 100% expects to lose Barkley. He said yes, yeah he said his personal situation is not so difficult we made a really good offer to sign a new contract he declined that contract and told me he's looking for a new challenge. It's his decision I need to respect that and we'll see what happens because I heard from the board that there's not really an offer on the table for Ross Barkley. He also said that if Ross doesn't leave he will treat him in a professional manner so we'll wait and see on that. He also said in the press conference that he's looking for a centre forward and he is looking for a centre back before the window closes so that's obviously exciting. He said we lost food and money with a knee injury and we're looking to replace him. We know that we lost Romelu Lukaku we bought Sandra Ramirez and we will try and get another strike in and maybe one more. Obviously Guilfee Sigurdsson might be that one more as well. So big news from the press conference today Ross Barkley what do you thought on Ross. I don't think it's late I think most fans were expecting this and I think it's better that it's out there now that fans know the situation and that Ross is looking for a new challenge and possibly that new challenge is spares but it's the price tag a problem is that what putting them off should everything if the reporter 50 million is to believe should everything lower that and maybe get an unhappy player off the books because he's certainly not signing the contract and with only a year left everything would be better to get some money than no money last next year especially when he also doesn't seem to figure in Ronald Coomans plans Ronald Coomans seems to have moved on now and bought you know obviously bought in Wayne Rooney he's looking to bring in Sigurdsson he's brought in class and it looks like he's filled that position as well so I mean I'd happily take 20 25 million if that money was to go to towards bringing in Guilfee Sigurdsson you know if you lose James McCarthy for another 25 as well then there's the Guilfee Sigurdsson money in one go so let me know your thoughts on that some people disappointed obviously with Ross being a local lad and being an Evertonian the understandably a little bit of frustration towards Ronald Coomans but for me there's some Ronald Coomans just wanted to make the evident team better and feels you know as felt in the past and he needed more from Ross Barclay and maybe Ross Barclay hasn't given me and this is the situation we're facing now so so be it if he leaves the club it's not major new news to us but at least it's out there now and in some other news Everton's chief executive Robert Elston did a podcast today did it with the Everton fans forum chairman Nick Maynoch they talked about the new stadium really interesting 20 26 minute podcast really interesting stuff on it about Bramley Moore docked the first time they've really spoken about it in length and what they want from it let me just give you some of the key points Robert Elston said a desire to stay true to Everton's people's club philosophy with an area with an arena which does not focus on corporate customers and shows the world a different way to build a stadium a bold and ambitious capacity a clearly defined home end and a willingness to constantly canvas fans for their ideas some of the things some of the points they're made he talks about you know this making the stadium as big as possible and and knowing that they have to keep pace with the teams above them and basically saying there'd be no point building a stadium that would be smaller than the teams above us at the moment he does mention you know the footprint of the stadium and that has issues but he also clarifies that and says they will if there are safety guidelines they will try and push them as far as they can he also talks about you know how close the pitch would be to the to the to the pitch he'd want it as close as possible and also you know talks about the the Commonwealth Games and this and the running track only being a temporary things but he goes into more detail about that as well and discuss you know discusses the idea of that would just be an event like having a concert would be an event and you see other stadiums where you know concerts happen in the summer and they have to bring in you know boards for the pitch and and they build stages and things like that that would be no difference to have on the running track which would be really interesting it made a really good point about the home end and his Robert Elston made the point that you go to a lot of grounds like the Emirates and you the Etihad and there's no defined the way a home end that sort of put that puts a pressure on you know the opposition team he wants a home end as clear probably bigger than anywhere else and and also that would make it sound like there be four sides to the ground as well so you'd have a sort of glad the street end which would have I don't know 15 16 17 thousand fans in it making a noise you know you look at someone like Dortmund with the wall something like that that's what he's looking for also mentioned the fact that he'd like it to be you know barely used all year round he also mentioned that he doesn't want the place to be to feel corporate and saturated with that and and somewhere that you want to try and get fans into the ground early and give them as he said it club beer and club pies he'd like to see an air outside with there's a big fan zone where you have local local caterers and and things like that coming in and creating a fan zone where fans can mix in a natural style in a in a in a very laid-back style I really like the sound right really that to me is but it's perfect if you're gonna have a ground and it might be a little bit away from you know traditional neighborhoods and stuff that sounds perfect to me that sounds to me like you know fans would be would be happy in that kind of environment and you know obviously you see foreign you know your foreign grounds and and you see how they they they set things up you know if anyone's ever been to you know in in Europe or and they have like that fan zone but it's a proper fan zone it doesn't feel too corporate moving on anyway so my goodness in Park the current grounds being confirmed the carling will be taken over making the beer this season from Chang but it won't be in for the Europa League game it will be in for the game against Seville because of Europa League alcohol regulations they can't save alcohol within the ground and there you have it so there's a little piece of news from today as well listen thank you very much for joining me on the Everton News Daily we do this every single day every single weekday on Patreon if you want to join us there's a little link in the corner to be a little link when the video finishes make sure if you fancy it there's loads of exclusive videos on there for £3 a month just give it a try if you like it stay with us if you don't you've wasted £3 but you'll get some boss videos I assure you thanks for watching ToffeeTV it has been the Everton News Daily I'll see you later


hi everyone, probably most of you know this song called Despacita that is played non-stop at radios but i guess you didn't know anything about the Puerto Rican singer Lewis Fonzzi before that song in one year this song Despacita has made over 5.6 million euros of copyrighted royalties from YouTube and Spotify only With fanvestory you could have invested in this song before the event viral, and earn money now together with the others. My name is Birgit Karus, and I am CEO of FanVestory. Every time you hear a song played on a radio, at a concert, TV, YouTube, Spotify, this song makes money. With FanVestory, you can receive part of that money. It's a stock market for music copyrights. You can invest in songs and earn long-term copyright realities, while artists receive money upfront and increase their promotional power. We have made five projects in Estonia, and yesterday we opened Scandinavian and Baltic markets with two international projects, and they are almost sold out in 24 hours, but you can still go and buy some. We are targeting two types of artists. First, big local artists who want to go abroad, engage their international fan bases, and distribute their music overseas. Second day, we target new emerging artists, who have great talent, but they need that financial support to get their career going. The global market for music copyright is 9.6 billion euros, and CISAC has reported that the market is growing approximately 4% in a year. We have a commission-based revenue model, really simple, 10% from the raised capital and 1 euro from its transaction. We have a strong and ambitious team, who is willing to disrupt the industry. We have strong knowledge in the music industry, IT and law. In addition, we have two really famous Finnish music advisors, Yukka Immanen and Samu Haber, on board with us. In next year, we plan to go in depth to Scandinavian markets and make first pilot projects in the UK. We start from the Nordic, because many good excellent songwriters come from here. In addition to our expansion plans, we will work on a product development. We want to build a fan community system, and implement blockchain to our core functionalities. I know that probably today most of the 20,000 people say blockchain, but we don't just say it, we actually mean it, because our business model is dealing with numerous amounts of micro-aggressions. All right, Brigitte. Thanks a lot. And now, Juri, what's your verdict? Can you quickly just explain to me how it works? So if I love Despacito a year ago, does he say he want to raise a certain amount? Do I get a guaranteed percentage of the return? How does it actually work? Thank you, it's really good question. How copyrights works, it's registered somewhere, it's like 100% of a company, and now with Fanvestory you can buy it, for example, 1% of it. So whatever this 1% will make, you will get it, and we will evaluate the future song earnings based on the history of the artist. Wow, so excellent, I think this is going to do excellent, so the artist shares the profits with the fans, that's awesome. And of course, how do you see this implemented in this bigger, like Spotify and those? Is that opportunity or what's the next steps? As we are dealing with, we are connecting directly the fans and the artist, which is the future of music. Now Spotify does the same, but we can say like, if you put financial thinking to this fan, it can stream even more. So it's combined those things together, it's really strong. So from Kriandum, we've invested in a company that is called Epidemic Sound, and they provide royalty-free music for broadcasters, MCN, YouTubers, and so on. How do you view the competition around buying rights of songs from different companies? This is a good question, but this is a little bit different scene, because we are looking mostly for pop artists, EDM, all these sectors, which is a lot of streaming, a lot of radio plays, these channels that make money, because we want to share that money that is trackable. So the music industry is one of the few industries that makes venture capital look more reliable at delivering returns. For every 5,000 artists that release a song, barely one might actually make some money out of it. Do you worry you're not going to build a cycle of despondency, people who feel bitter from having invested in these rights? Thank you. This is a good worry, because what I told you is despacito has made a lot, but the fact is that actually local names who make in local language the music, they also make really good money. We have made projects with Estonian top artists, for example, Daniel Badar, Tommy Cash, they make really good money, and we have seen the track records. It's not millions, but it's thousands. Yeah, just take a look, I saw the Exigirisangu, but how much you need for the next step of growth, financial? It's my last slide, it doesn't work. We are looking for 500K, and we opened this round right now after the slush, and we are looking mostly with investors with two types of background, with music industry or the financial industry, and also the blockchain know-how, and people also not investing, but into the blockchain, and we are looking for contacts. Quick question. You are allowing people to buy and sell and trade in and out of different rights and applying ownership stake as well. Is there any sort of regulation that covers this? We are not dealing with investments, in that turn we are selling licenses and licensing fees that is regulated by the author societies. So it's a little bit, it's a niche subject that is regulated already over 100 years, but how it has been, it has been like only three parties, maximum 10, we enable there to be like 10,000 investors in one pot, so this is our innovation. Brilliant, and with that we have to end. Thank you so much Birgit.


Welcome to Alabama Smart Yards. We're creating beautiful landscapes that protect natural environments. Today, Mallory Kelly will talk about seed starting. She has a few tips to help your garden grow. Growing from seed can be very rewarding. Not only is it economically beneficial, but it can provide much more variety for your garden. Purchased seed packets are ready to germinate, but oftentimes, soaking seeds overnight will increase your germination success. Sow seeds indoors in late winter to get a jump start come spring. Heat mats and grow lights are needed for indoors, which can be expensive. Make sure you calculate the germination time and days to maturity before sowing. Otherwise, your transplants may grow too big before the temperatures are right to plant outdoors. Summer and fall seeds can be sown directly in the soil of your garden. Prepare the soil and fertilize before planting. Your biggest challenge will be even and consistent irrigation to keep the soil and seeds from drying out. Plant seeds to a depth of two times the diameter of the seed. This can be tricky with really tiny seeds. You can purchase seeds that are pelletized for easier handling and better plant spacing. For more even seed spacing and less thinning after germination, mix tiny seeds in corn meal and sprinkle the mixture in the prepared bed. Another method to increase seed germination and even plant spacing is to create a seed gel. Heat water, not quite to a bull. For every cup of water, mix in two tablespoons of corn starch. Continue to stir until it forms a gel, about three minutes. Once the gel is room temp, mix the seeds into the gel and pour into a zip top bag. Then pipe the seed gel into the prepared bed and lightly cover with soil. I hope these tips increase your seed starting success for next season.


Right about it. And so when the Holy Spirit's light shines in the mind, which reminds you are not unique, special, important, you're the Holy Son of God, you are magnitude beyond, you know, beyond any of this, the mind kind of like the whole world, all the, all the letters and the whole, you know, it starts to shake and collapse a little. And so the mind projects the guilt out onto the body to call forth the witness to prove that it's right, you know, because it projects it out on the body and it says, see God, I'm weak, I'm frail, I'm little and I've got the flu now. I can't be the Holy Son of God. Yeah, it's not my fault, but John can't do it. I even have my flu shot, you know. But you see, you see what's going on there, you can see the dynamics that goes on here, why the mind is insane, admittedly, you know, people will say to me, who in their right mind would choose sickness, you know, who in their right mind? We're back to the levels again. If you're in your right mind, if you're staying up in the abstractness and staying with the Holy Spirit, you're above the world and the body, you don't see the body as positive.  Yeah. I mean, forward thoughts kind of, I would say, it's just kind of like the Holy Spirit teaches that the mind is causative and so that you can extend forgiveness. You can share the ideas as a course, literally, and that's a forward kind of thing, an extension that I see as moving forward, so that it's kind of like you make it together with somebody and Jesus calls it like false empathy and true empathy.  Those are backward thoughts, but there is a way where we line with the Holy Spirit where we can just hold with that, we can remind the patient in our minds that they're whole and complete, even if there's nothing we can say that we're to say with our mouth, or there may be something that we can share an experience or share an idea that the Spirit will speak through us instead of a different way of looking at it, you know. So that's kind of how I look at backwards and forwards, is it's kind of an extension or a sharing of our real thoughts, without some course of miracles. I've got an example, a friend of mine, she said, I really have been sick and I'm going to go to the doctor and I think I have chronic fatigue syndrome, and without even thinking, it's because she's a science of mind woman. I said, it's absolutely impossible that you have chronic fatigue syndrome, do not go to the doctor, you know it's impossible, it's all right not to go to work, it's all right to stay home. It's okay to be lazy, don't get sick as an excuse, it's impossible to have this. I wasn't even thinking, I wasn't even thinking it just came out, I wish people would do that, I would project people doing that to me.  And I get sicker and sicker. Of course as it takes, well, two people to agree that you're separate before you get sick, it only takes one to see you as whole, just take care of the healing. And the mind watching, and we're the one, we're not really coming down to that. The proceeding calls for help and we can't really teach salvation, we can't extend the ideas of the Course until we believe in ourselves. You know, that's why it takes a real convincing. But the more you really follow Jesus' logic and reasoning, you know, you really stay with him in the Course, it's by golly, it's sound. I mean, it's just every, when he comes out the very same thing, it's really something. Okay, here's the little one. This just happened, it's funny you said what you said, because you know about saying, oh, it's too good.  He takes pain all well. And I said, what happened? Because I bit my tongue.  But then I went over to him and I asked the Holy Spirit to heal him, make him feel better. Now, what really happened? Did he cause himself to bite his tongue? I mean, this is a venous, but this is an accident if you want to know. What's he doing? So I'm back with thinking that made it happen and then did I verify that by sympathizing with him? Well, as soon as we asked the question about what he did, I mean, that's when we get back to that, it's all of my lesson kind of thing. It always comes back to our own perception. And really, so it's always my lesson, it's always my perception and it even gets simpler than that, is that there's only, the Holy Spirit perceives only two orders of thought. Everything, whether it's love or call for love, you know. So it's kind of like just staying back in your mind that you know when there's a call for love, it sounds like you were quick to recognize that and quick to... Yeah, definitely. Call for love every day.  And he says, and wouldn't you answer a call for love with love? I mean, wouldn't you share it if you could perceive it that way? See, the main thing once again, it gets back into our perception. If there's only love and a call for love, then we'd be in good shape. But the ego says, wait a minute, we've got another alternative over here. Attack. You know, whether I'm being attacked or somebody else is attacking me, or I'm attacking somebody else. And ultimately, the Course is teaching us that this is not a real option. That attack is not real. That these attack thoughts in our mind are not from the Holy Spirit, they are from God and they are real. So you can see as we give up attack thoughts, then we'll cease to start to judge things as attacks. We'll just see everything as love and a call for love. Another way, too, is this form content thing. It can seem like with form, it can seem so confusing at times, because there's so many different forms, there's this myriad of images. But behind all the images is only the love and the call for love. And I think that's why the more you study the Course and the more you really get anchored in its thought system, that you don't get fooled by them when it talks about healing. He asked the question, you know, the question is asked, Jesus, should healing be repeated? You know? And he's saying, you know, we just said that healing is certain. So, healing should not be repeated. If you have continued concern for the patient based on symptoms that still may seem to be there and everything, you need healing. You're the patient now. Because you see, it gets back to our question about continuing symptoms. If we ask the Holy Spirit and we give it over and we see them as whole, and then we keep looking back and checking on how they're doing or if they're recovering or whatever, you know, didn't we really give it over to the Holy Spirit? Or are we still concerned? And you can see we're the patient then. It's probably part of our thought, but we should continue to think that death is not wholeness, isn't it? That death is not wholeness? Yeah, the thing about death is that we, once again, we get tied up on the screen. And we believe that death is death of bodies, right? Animals die, you know, people die, bodies die, and we define death at the form level. I mean, that's what death is. Or we call it transition. Somebody's made a transition in this and that. Where'd they go?  Where a place is a concept in the mind, you know? It's real different when you really get into the deeper realms of the Course instead of thinking of souls that come into bodies and go away and come in and go away.  And as long as you believe in idols, you're going to continue to see the movie screen. And when you completely give up all the idols, the channels, I mean, this sets off as the Kingdom of Heaven. I mean, that's a different kind of a perspective than thinking this discusses reincarnation and the manual and so on and so forth. It's kind of like, if you think about the perspective of souls coming into a little baby and then leaving when you die, it's kind of funny. A soul is supposed to be immortal, right? An infinite from God. And how does a soul fit into a little teeny slab of flesh, you know? Doesn't it strike you as a little bit funny that something that's changeless, it's supposed to be immortal and infinite, comes into something that's finite and tiny? I mean, you know, it's after a while you start to say, well, that's been a belief that's been very helpful to me. I mean, I believe in reincarnation in my path and it helped me have a sense that God didn't turn anyone away and that everybody makes it back. But when you start to get into the course, when you do some of those concepts, you start to have these experiences and those start to fall away a little bit. Because you start to say, no, that's kind of silly to think of that way. And what Jesus does is he takes something like death, which we've already talked about is defined in the body. And if you read like lessons 163 and 167, they're great. Jesus defines death in literally psychological terms. He says if you have a minor twinge of annoyance, if you're a little miffed off, if you have any kind of pain, hatred, anger, jealousy, envy, God, he just rattles off all these different things and he says death. They're all death. They're all just praise from fear. And that's, I don't know about you, but that's a little bit different definition than what I grew up with. My definition of death was somebody going six feet under. So once again, we're back to the mind watching. If I've got all these backward thoughts and those are thoughts of death and all of my upsetting emotions, depression, anxiety, fear, a thumbnail, a hangnail that's spotting me, whatever it is, pain, all those spring from the ego thought system, then it simplifies that death is simply the ego. And all we have to do is let go and see how silly the ego is. And that's how we transcend death. You know, be a good cheater, bribe, overcome the world is just another translation for it.   Well, okay, so here you are in the kitchen and you're ready to go for a glass of whatever or a cigarette. What do you do at that moment? And you perceive that as like you're an alcoholic or you're hooked on cigarettes or whatever. What do you do at that moment? Well, it's kind of like all you can do is ask. What I found in my life, when I first started having changes and shifts, it's kind of like just like an alcoholic synonymous, they quit drinking. That can help for quit smoking or quit eating or this and that. Whereas obviously a shift at the symptom level is not a permanent shift and everything, but it can be very, I think conducive and helpful. If you're a candy hauler, don't keep walking by the candy store. Just ask for a prayer or ask for some strength maybe. But ultimately, it's kind of like, I would say that's why AA works so well is the sense that there's such a fellowship and such a kind of getting out of yourself. Call someone up. If you want to get into forgiveness and the purpose of forgiveness, then you want to be used by the Holy Spirit to be of comfort and healing to someone. What is that short circuit of the ego?  If we turn it within ourselves and we identify with this body identity, that just kind of keeps it going that way and then we feel like we need whatever. We feel like we're bound to something physically. That's why I think AA and a lot of these things work.  And that's probably the, if I had to say one thing, it would be probably the most helpful thing to do. And as you go along, you get better at watching your mind and helping. Because of course, if you're enjoying that, it creates the feeling. Join with your brother. It really is an intention. I mean, it's, even the joining the ego tries to get in, because remember the ego uses special relationships. So it's like, join with my brother and then you get into the physical stuff. It can, it can go real quick into the physical stuff and then you've got to get something, you know.  You should be around more than that. It happens with course groups even. I mean, you know, the ego will try to get in on anything. The ego will try to make a special relationship with the course group. When you become addicted, I can't go without my course group. I can't miss a meeting. You know, you can, you can actually, you can see where the specialist comes in. The course group in itself is nothing but it's like it becomes part of the self concept. I'm better now because I'm with these special group of people. It happens with the course of miracles conferences.  I'll go there and have this big healing event and everything. And the more conferences I can go to or my friends on the conference, only I had enough money that I could go to conferences and I didn't.  The ego is going to try to use anything in the world to form, to latch on to, to say that you're not doing it right or this and that. And once you get wise to its game, you know, I mean, this is our national conference. We're having it right here. This is very interesting. I mean, you start to see that holding the purpose of forgiveness is where it's all at. And then all of a sudden you're not codependent about, I'm not in the right place.


This video will show you how to use the BC Economic Layer menu. The BC Economic Layer menu is the primary way to add or remove map layers from the BC Economic Atlas. The Economic Layer menu contains map layers related to the BC economy from a pre-configured list of layer groups. To access the BC Economic Layer menu, there are three ways. The first way is to click the Add Economic Related Information link in the Home panel. The second way is to click the Add Economic Related Information link in the I Want to drop-down menu. And the third way is to access the Maps and Data tab under the toolbar and click the BC Economic Layer menu. The BC Economic Layer menu is organized with layer groups in the left column, organized by themes related to economic development. To use the BC Economic Layer menu, select the layer groups in the left to show the available layers in the center column. Click Add to add layers individually, or click Add All to add all the map layers from the active layer group. Toggle between map layers to build your map. For more information about your layer groups, click Show Group Descriptions. For more information about the map layers within the active layer group, click Show Information Descriptions. When you're ready to view your map, click Finish. To remove map layers from the map, open the BC Economic Layer menu again and click Remove or Remove All. Clicking Finish will commit those changes to the map.


What's up everybody? Jason for jazby's case breaks dot com 2019 peening prison retail three box break Pigeons number nine is on the website here to just sold out Just remember or we're giving away the pelicans. You heard that right? We're giving away the pelicans all you have to do is buy spots in this break You buy one team you get one entry by two teams you get two entries etc etc the more spots you buy the more entries you get and Better chance to win the pelicans again This is a three box break of prison retail no veteran common ship But Lucas yon is the wrong veterans will ship So here you go. So then again guys, here's a customer name that bought into the teams So we just copied and pasted your names and again customer number one after Six and one seven times will be getting the pelicans. Good luck seven times one two oh Sorry, let's redo that Has a space that wasn't taken out Don't want the space to be at number one and then it doesn't count Alright, so let's redo that again seven times one two three four five six and seven the final time Diane I know but oh no congratulations. You just won the pelicans after seven times And I believe you had the Hawks a little mojo there and here you go three boxes here of prison retail T-wolves you're correct George Sorry about that. I don't know what happened there Let me actually put you in here then sorry Good thing is that Matthew did not win Or this person that was in here Matthew Hedges did not win the pelicans if he would have I wouldn't give you the pelican so Sorry about that. I don't know what happened there, but let's update this list really quick So I'm gonna discard this one. I don't know how Matthew got in there, but You're good Sorry about that. So you have anything ever happens like that guys obviously either mine or whoever was Putting in the names into the list that happens every once in a while But if you were that person would have won like a spot or won something then it would actually go to the customer Of course if we can't prove it because that customer was also in the break then Obviously we try to make it up to you refund you Give you something else with extra the good thing is I would have picked your team. You can't really Can't really go wrong with that Which if for some reason if George didn't tell me this right now the shipping team would have sorted it out When they were shipping it they would have been like whoa This person never even got this team. So What I went into the final stages, but it would have been corrective, but thank you George Good thing to a pick your team if you can't really go wrong with that The invoice will literally say the team that you purchased Rabbit teams it gets a little tricky though, of course, because we don't know All righty. Good luck first retail box Kelly Aubrey Callable Pope Justin Jackson Paul George dominance Peter Washington, Jr. In a jail in a well T-wolves There you go, George Garry's of a silver jail in a well and a Dwayne Bacon bacon For the Hornets Charlotte Hornets George as well. Is that one correct?  Thank you. All right. There's the first box Next one TJ what up, man? How's it going? Gorn-Dragic red wave Yeah, well Nikola joke at green All right, so the jaw Moran instant impact silver Grizzly is going to Adam Kelly Kyrie dominance Nikiya is on a walk over the pelican silver Ferguson Bruey Devin Booker silver World be free for the Sixers Penmanship Jalen Mcdonald's red wave rookie Kobe NBA finalists P.J. Washington, Jr. Vince Carter Dunboya Yeah, so what you're not looking more for the autos And I don't think actually to be honest, I don't know if anybody really looks for autos in prism Of course, you're looking for the rookie autos, but I think you're more investing into the colors You know the colors and the silvers really, you know, so Obviously in retail, you're not gonna look for so much color because all they'll have is by the retail green and chance at like you know, pink pulsars or green pulsars whichever one retail has but Anything just more for silvers. That's all Michael it's probably not gonna be towards later in the night after flawless and the helmets So I'm thinking maybe 10 o'clock maybe around there So not for the next like two hours at least So you want to check back in a little bit? Everything shipped to a veteran base carts Chris. So rookies will ship entered ship and for veteran base only LeBron's Lucas and Yanis will ship. I think we also throw in Kobe Really TJ very interesting. What is 250 or $300 out of Kelly 50 300 PSA times Pretty soft. I mean, I think zonis are so what 500 greater PSA times Brasdaikis Park Larry Johnson Levine RJ Barrett. Oh nice Kobe white silver very very nice Bulls going to Adam Kelly. I got a Zion base and silver that I need to grade two man. I think they're gonna grade 10s Maybe not a pristine 10, but at least a PSA 10 Okay, Alexander Walker Excuse me. I think they do because you know 9-5 is almost equivalent to a PSA 10 But once you get to pristine 10 that blows away a PSA 10, you know what I mean? so to me If you can get a pristine 10 That's better than a PSA 10. That's for sure And then they got another level if you go like black label even better Lewis King Chris Paul Silver Walker Kevin a black label means that the card is perfect. That means everything is 10s So you can still get a pristine 10 without having a black label to them Meaning, you know, you have maybe three 10s that are nine five or something But yeah, it's basically a perfect card. All right, there you go guys. That was the three box picker team number nine Number 10 is in the store and we'll get the next one rolling. I Believe that also sold out. So in our break schedule in our chat guys, you guys will notice that It's already on there. I won't be bringing for the next hour or so There you go. A lot of color a lot of nice stuff will be shipping out And again, everything ships but veteran base. Appreciate you guys


Marjorie Green just can't understand why people in DC treat her as if she's some kind of a crazy person Right.  I just have to show you this This was shared by Farron Cousins. This is Marjorie Green's High school picture. She's 100% called cops on house parties in high school because she wasn't invited Absolutely. Look at this. Look at this This is not scream Karen energy She's got the turtleneck with the necklace over the turtleneck. Oh, you know, she she's a Karen so She was on Alex Jones talking about How she doesn't really like that people in DC treat her as if she's crazy and she sang all of this mind you on Info wars the show where they unironically claim that there is a pedophile ring on Mars and also that there are human hybrids human animal hybrids being kept in in Prisons in the United States and also there's fish people According to Alex Jones. So she's on this show, which is a crazy show. She's like, hey, I'm tired of people saying that I'm crazy So let's go ahead and watch and I'm just a regular person I've never been in politics before and going to Washington the most disturbing thing that I have found is that the people in Washington it's like a little bubble and it's this tiny little world and it's if you really look at it It's a small percentage of people But they truly look down on the rest of America and they think that everything they think in their little bubble And what they want for our country is the most important thing But they look down on the common American man and woman and they just don't care They're so disconnected. So what she's saying is absolutely correct here, but it also applies to her It's funny that she thinks that this analysis isn't also attributed to her as an outsider Who's not a member of Congress the same can be said about you. You're not fighting for anything that we need She talks about some of these issues once in a while She'll say the words working class together, but she has no fucking good policies. Look at this. This is from her website I'm a conservative wife mother and business woman who 100% stands with President Trump and against the left-wing Socialists who want to wreck our country now when she had I don't know if this is current or whatnot But when she had her platform, it was basically stop socialism Stop socialism is not a policy what specific policy prescriptions Are you going to institute to stop socialism because we live in a neoliberal hellhole?  They don't care about our border with fentanyl pouring across I don't care about kids wearing masks.  Yeah I actually do care about a drug overdoses So Marjorie will you join me in calling for the decriminalization of all drugs? Will you do that? No, you're not gonna do that you like to complain, but you don't have any policy prescriptions no far right wingers do because Right wingers are inherently neoliberal. So they think that Private solutions are the perfect response to public problems.  I don't know what to do about it 19 and it just bothers me so much. They treat me As if I'm some kind of crazy person or like I have three horns coming out of my head.  How many people have had to change offices I know Corey Bush. I think I could be wrong But another member of Congress had to change offices because you were harassing them That's why they look at you like you're crazy and most people in DC. I don't think that they're Normal per se, right, but they're certainly more normal than you. I don't know how to explain your behavior It almost feels ableist to criticize you.   Opulism in the people not even about conservative or liberal and and deep down. They know that they're trying to gaslight us At least the controllers at the top are but I think the average leftist I agree with you actually does think you've got five heads or I've got six heads and that they actually believe their own BS You believe in fish people Alex Jones You believe in fish people. Let me let me show you all what I'm talking about here because as they discuss How they're the the normal ones? Let me let me find this here. Give me one second I've got I've got to show you all this if you haven't seen it yet. I Was told by a genetic engineer About a project. They were on in England once and I never told the story on there because it's so fantastical They had in tanks people with gills their little babies They were in there just gulping clawing at the sides. You see a turtle at the zoo and it once out you feel for it They got humanoids crossed with fish and stuff. I mean Screwed people. I mean do you understand that and I know I keep obsessing because it's in the news what they're doing now They don't show it to you. They go. Yeah, just stating on farms or embryos and humans growing in animals No, it's beyond that they take them out. They keep them alive And notice they go the only law is you don't put it in a real human woman And don't worry these creatures don't have any rights because they're not human and they're not animal.  I hate it.   Just doing God knows what super weapons Any matter bombs black holes huge cyclotrons Splicing every plant animal on the known face of the earth and it's the most satanic rituals.