So, hello everyone, I'm Otelam, I'm actually working for HP, I'm working in the Immersive Computing Group and we deal basically with everything that is beyond a mouse and keyboard office PC. So whether it's new types of interaction, whether it's something that is related to gestures, touch, 3D scanning, 3D printing or anything of the sorts, that's going to be pretty much our table. And I think that it's hard to speak about 3D scanning or modeling or work, spatial work not come across Blender, so I think it's a good moment to explore how we can introduce one to the other, so how we can get more of the Sprout functionality into Blender and how we can make, well, Sprout a richer ecosystem altogether by having Blender, well, just be a good citizen and a good member of the Sprout family. So let's get started without further ado. How did this Sprout thing happen to be what it is, what is it in the first place? So just a quick check, how many of you have heard about Sprout by HP? All right, not today or yesterday by me. There is still somebody, right, great, great, great. But then I guess for many of you this will be maybe an interesting story that how we started this whole Immersive Workspace story. So there were different scenarios, different setups that we were experimenting with in terms of the overhead projection. So basically there is a projector hidden somewhere in this back of the device here and there is a mirror system that puts the image down and that creates you this display, secondary display as a workplace. And there were different form factors and of course the challenges that go with it and that is the difference between having a prototype solution and something that is something just being in development and something that is ready to go mainstream. So this is actually a commercial device, something that is available for sale. It's not a prototype and that's why the session is titled in as a 3D scanning for the masses because we are really going beyond this, well, it's somebody for somebody who is very, very professional and it's not for everybody, this is getting beyond that. So from very humble starts, which were very, very shoestring, we went through several iterations and we had a projector, we had a mirror and we had now a touch mat. So this was all nice, but this is really just giving us an extra screen. So is it worth doing this just to get an extra screen? I can always put a monitor next to it. I can maybe have a very, very tablet-like device in front of it. So that would be something also that is providing something similar, but actually we wanted to go beyond that. So what we created is a new type of PC. So as a core, it's still a Windows 10 device, regular core i7 Intel CPU in there and well, it runs pretty much any Windows application, blender included, of course, and has this extra screen set up with the touch mat and the projector, which gives you a workspace and that's when I say workspace, it's really something that is not just an extra screen but tries to understand what you have placed on it, what you are doing with it. And whether it's a 2D object or a 3D object tries to make most of it imported into your workspace or project or anything that you might be doing with it. And the way it does this is there is a camera array up top here. So this is not just a mirror anymore. There is a set of cameras here. So there is an Intel RealSense camera which does the 3D scanning. And there is also a high resolution camera which does the texture capture and we also use it for document scanning, probably less interesting for blender. I think that for blender, the primary interest is probably textures. And there's also a number of webcams if you want to just document what you are doing on the mat or have it as a live feed for something. And well, there's always the LED function at the lamp because we can do it. But it's 2015, it's not just about hardware. We have gotten used to this species getting an extra core, maybe a few megahertzes, a little terabyte there and here and there. But that's a very incremental sort of quantitative change. We really want or think that that PC can do or that the whole platform can do a lot better than that so we can evolve it. And there was a lot of development in the, for example, the mobile space where we see that people experiment with new ways of interaction or new use cases and everything, even though there is not necessarily something mobile specific about it. At the same time, on the PCs, we have all the source power, all the good silicon there and it's kind of getting wasted for, well, office use and every now and then a bit of render cycle. So we went actually beyond this and this is where the Sprout software kicks in. So just add a bit on the semantic side of things. So we do assisted image segmentation, we do the object detection and extraction. And also we have an API for it. So we're hoping that this builds as a platform and then you can integrate it into other applications, Hint Blender, so that we get most of this stuff integrated there. But this is all just words and words and words. So obviously the reason why I bothered to put this together because there is going to be a bit of a demo. So now let's see if we can get this thingy here. That's the, but it's not up on the, just a second. So I'm trying to find the screen, which is to the left, there you are. It's a bit makeshift and I'm gonna break my neck, but I'm gonna make it look. It's a bit crude, but I think that you will see far better. This is far as it gets, so I guess I will just kind of. Maybe I can help with the mic. I will need an extra hand though, so great, thank you. Well, how many engineers does it take, I guess? So obviously this is the touch mat.  It's a projective thing, so it's not coming from underneath it. The touch is actually detected by the by the capacitive touch screen there. So it actually sees the touches. It's not the optical thing, but rather the mat itself that sees the touch. So let's try and see what we can do here with the capture. I will place a couple of items on this, that, let's make these two. And remember I said that it tries to understand what's happening on the mat. So immediately when I put something on it, there is gonna be a capture. And it's going to see what's happening on the mat. And these are objects that I can then import. I'm guessing that we have a bit of an issue with the light because this should be actually segmented. So let me try and retake it. So we have, it's a bit sensitive to lighting condition. But the idea is still that you can very easily enter your whatever textures or information that you had there. So normally what you can end up with and that this is what I've been doing upstairs if you have seen is that I digitize these objects and what you see here is why I'm not an artist. So that's what ends up when you draw, let me draw. But anyway, so you can see that this acts as a touch screen, whatever objects you have inserted. So it's a multi-touch surface there and it's pretty solid. You can bang it, scratch it. So don't cut it, but otherwise or bend it at sharp angles. But otherwise it's pretty sturdy. Obviously you can do some drawing and some interaction there as well. So you can trace, outline, do whatever you want. Now note that this is, I said, a projective surface. So if I put a paper in it, the image will still be underneath. I see a lot of people in Blender doing tracing. So that would be also very useful. So there is no step of taking a picture, a JPEG, putting it in the background, and then trace it. You can literally put on the map whatever you want, a photo or something, and then use it as a working surface. And when I say that it tries to understand what it sees on the surface, let's try this one. I wonder how it will react to the lighting in the hole. Let's see. All right. So notice that I didn't press any buttons. So it's aware of what's happening on the map. There was no explicit interaction. This is what we call immersive. So normally when you move things, you don't expect to press a button. So there is no button on the spoon or the fork. I interact with it. I don't activate it. So same thing here.  You can use anything you want. If I want to make my little glove, I will have measures on it, so it's a vertical screen. You can see the detailed measures that I got. And if I move it, then obviously it's going to rescan it. Again, no buttons press or anything. It's just an interactive way of doing this. And this is something that I would like to see also in Blender, so that the interface is not just a pile of controls that I can click, but there is a more context awareness of what I'm doing so that I can do it in less clicks and less moving around. And if I put something on the mat, then let's say it can become automatically a texture or show it or render it in some shape or form. OK, so that's the first demo. All right. But that is, I need to put away my little help wrap. There you go. So that was the first demo. But then the other part of the whole story that I was getting at was the 3D story. So something completely 3D. One of the cameras there is actually an Intel RealSense camera. What is unusual about it is that it's not forward mounted or face mounting. So it's not looking at you as a face. Most of the Intel RealSense software has been developed to track skeletal motion, face, et cetera. Whereas we use it to scan objects. So it's a different use case scenario because it sets a downward facing thing. But also if you're thinking about models, it's probably more useful to be able to scan this way. And there are very specific solutions for 3D scanning. Some of them are more expensive than others. Some are good for certain types of objects. And the bad news is there is no silver bullet. So there is no single 3D scanning technology that will work with every type of material, every type of object, and all that. So unfortunately, we will have to compromise there. What we can do is that we can make this efficient. So HP, unfortunately, has the benefit of scale. So we can put a number of cameras there and do some sense of synthesis so that the texture camera, the 3D scanning camera, and all these play together. So we get a very good result of the scan itself, even though it's not a several-thousand-euro scanner, but rather a complete system for a lot less than that. So the key players for the whole scanning experience are the real-sense scam. We use that for the depth. The 14 megapixel high-res camera for the textures. And of course, there is a little webcam that helps you just to see what the camera angle is so that the object is easier to position and view. And finally, there is the illuminator. So we also use the projector in the scanning process itself. So this is a projected light scan. So you will see the lines being projected on the object so that we get extra information about the depth and shape of the object that is there. And there is a little accessory there. So the thing that you can see, this little guy. And the role of that is to basically move around the object and expose different sides of the object to the camera. Because it's a top-mounted one, this gives you a bit of an extra angle so that it goes around and sees it. It's also smart enough that if you do multiple scans, or as it turns around, it can combine these scans. So normally, you would work in cycles so that you rotate the object around and get scans from all the angles and sides. So sometimes with several cycles, so you scan from the scan from the top, from the left, from the right, back, front, underneath, et cetera. It really depends on the object that you are scanning of just how deep you want to go or how many scans you want to go. There is always a trade-out between the resolution and the speed of the scan. So we can get near real-time readings, but then with the real-time scanner, that's going to be a very, very low resolution pixel-wise scan of the object itself. At the same time, if we want very high resolution, it's going to take a lot more time just to do all the cycles and all the scans. For really detailed ones, expect powers, basically. But then you are well underneath a millimeter resolution of the scan, which makes this interesting because it's a fairly precise scanner in that sense. And that's also the reason why it's a very stable setup or sturdy setup, because when you are a sub-millimeter, then even dirt and small dents or material on the desk can cause detectable changes. So that's something that is getting in the way very quickly. So that's why I want to have it as sturdy as possible. People were asking me about handheld scanners. That's fine. So for face scans, et cetera, we can get away with a reasonably precise scan. But then the moment you detach it, the moment there is extra motion from your hand, from your body, et cetera, and it's not on a tripod or something very stable like here, then your resolution is going to suffer. Or you just basically have to average out, which is going to help your results. And of course, where there is 3D scanning, there is 3D printing. So when we talk about printing, HP is not necessarily a strange name. So we are also very interested in the use of this in terms of rapid prototyping. So whether it's engineering use. So if different industries, of course, have different uses for it, when it's engineering, they will say that they want to have a model very quickly and they want to have quick cycles, have it printed in solid materials, and then test it out, whether it fits, whether it serves the purpose or not.  OK, that's almost what we wanted, but not quite. We change it a bit, then we do this whole iteration again. And this usually takes several days plus post and then all the delays that that includes. And this way, we basically have a turnaround which can be depending on the complexity of the object within hours. So you can start from something very simple. Let's say you take modeling clay. So you don't even need to have a designer for the initial iterations. You just take modeling clay and scan. You make an object from clay and you scan it and you print it. So you get a plastic solid representation of whatever your shape is. We had a project where we made a quadcopter that way. So literally downloaded an image from the internet, just made the shape out of the wings and everything from clay, scanned it, and then printed in plastics. And you literally just drill the holes in there at the engines and the control board and off it goes. So in terms of prototyping use, it's very, very, very nifty. Of course, Blunder itself is being used in very, very different scenarios. So I'm always keen on hearing on what people use it for in terms of the modeling when it comes to 3D printing and prototyping use, not just animation. And I am going to do some demos because seeing is believing, I guess, especially in 3D scanning. Let's see how much of the response lights here, which is probably not going to help much. But let's try nonetheless, just the amount we need. All right, so I'm actually just, because we are short on time, I'm going to do a snapshot scan. Sorry, the world upside down. All right, so I'll try to move as little as I can and do the fastest possible scan here, just to have been in time. So you can see the structured light scan going on, but it actually uses all the cameras that are on the device. I'll probably move a little bit, but what can I do? All right, so now it has taken several snapshots with the different cameras and now it will fuse these readings together and create basically a small model. Normally I would actually use the stage and put the object on it and then have a scan from all the sides, but this is a single scan, which will be hopefully good enough to see the demo or what we are actually getting in the scan. So this is my hand. Sorry about the hairiness, but that's how it looks like. So anyway, this is, as you can see, it's a fairly complete scan. So the sides are missing and of course, the underneath, the camera didn't see. This is what the extra passes would give me if I wanted to do the extra scan. I can show you what actually the real-sense camera sees. So this is the real-sense picture and we of course captured the texture on top of it. So you can see plenty of detail. This is well underneath the millimeter.  So overall, that's the little demo for the 3D scan here that I can do in this amount of time. And what maybe I can still show you is what you would end up. So this is an actual object that I scanned. Let's try to lose these little elephant that I can open. So this is what you get when you scan an object from multiple sides and attach it. So merge or fuse these all these renders. So then you get something that is a fairly high resolution scan with texture. So in this case, we went all the way through. So underneath, belly scan, et cetera. So the other tricky areas, of course, between the legs, behind the trunk, et cetera, behind the ears, which are hard to reach. So that's why you probably need extra scan cycles, but that's the magic of 3D scanning that that's why what makes it a bit maybe tricky, but something that is still worth doing, at least the starting point for processing. All right, all right. And so I just have enough time to have the question of interoperability. So the scans that we do, we actually export in OBJ. So you can import the stuff from Blender. We, of course, capture the textures and the objects in JPEGs, PNGs, et cetera, with alpha channels. So you can import it from there. But what I wanna see is direct Blender integration so that all these features would be available directly from Blender. And the pace, of course, the touch mat would be very nice and functional. I can start Blender already. I can put it on the touch mat, but because the controls are really meant for a keyboard and mouse setup, it doesn't get me too far. So I already talked with Julian and he had some ideas there, but it's definitely something that needs to be explored. And different areas can be used here. So what is the mat? There's obviously a 3D camera and there's also the texture or Harris camera. And are there any ideas maybe of how else you would like to see this kind of hardware being used in Blender or what would you use it for? There was first and... Would it be possible to use it for performance capture or virtual puppetry? Yes, absolutely. We actually have a stop motion application there. So which can merge real world objects and also captured objects. And you can integrate that into Blender so that you get something there. And it's a lot easier or a lot more natural to do than on a vertical screen when you have things that you can move along. And I'm happy to show you the stop motion stuff after the session. Thank you. All right, all right.  So make some poses, record them, record them. And it could be something like an animation doll. Absolutely. So it's already capable enough so that it can recognize objects. So if you have markers, it already can track those. So and that's on an API level. So we have an SDK for it. So it can be integrated. So all the functionality that you have seen here is integratable into other applications. And with markers sort of, they work like basically like QR codes but they are real world markers. So you would make a capture, an image, and then mark the area. This is a part of the, my sort of like point. So you don't need to have explicit markers. Parts of the object can work for that as well. And then as long as it's visible, it can track and record the position and that would basically act as a puppet. And also the position in depth, I mean. So that the object tracking doesn't give you depth but if you are willing to go deep enough so that you combine that with the real sense data, then you could get that. Okay, thank you. And you've got some three-dimensional space between the cameras and the table. Right. Is there a possibility to actually kind of minority report kind of interact with objects with your hands up off the table? Right, so the real sense camera actually does tracking of the sort. In our experience, the question is, so it's very good for actions. So if you want to start something open, say close for that type of things, it's detectable. So if you have a limited number of gestures that you want to recognize, it's good. It's not nearly as good when it comes to setting values. So if I have sliders, if I have something that requires a precise input of number of sorts, then of course that input method falls short. So keep in mind what are the advantages of using gestures. It looked like there would be a beautiful system for sculpting, for example, where you could just stretch and pull and shape stuff. That's the other thing that we also had when it was exhibited upstairs. There's a short discussion on this that currently when you extrude, when you change a morph object, et cetera, then it's really just meant for one finger interaction, basically the mouse. You poke and then maybe you have a modifier active at the time, but it's always a one-moment thing. Whereas we have 10 fingers, our brains are very good at moving all 10 fingers in parallel and thinking in space. So there is no reason why we couldn't use it. So if I use one finger, it's one strength. If I use multiple fingers or I stretch it or do something like this, I'm actually conveying far more information than a single poke with a modifier. Thank you. There was somebody here. All right. Somebody in front. Just this is a scanner that competes with many other scanners that are now coming on the market. How do you differentiate yourself towards these other scanners and second question linked to that, how much does this system cost? Right. So we are not positioning it solely as a scanner. So we try to create an immersive workspace from it. So just bridging the real-world objects and the digital content that you're working on so that this is a lot smoother. A lot of the 3D scanners are one trick ponies that this is what I do. I do a scan and that's it. We go beyond that. So whether it's interaction, whether it's digitizing, whether it's interaction with real-world objects, blended reality applications. So as an environment, it just gives you more than this one trick of being to do a 3D scan. It can do that as well, but we can do far more. As for the second part of the question, for the price. So normally it's $1,900. I think that November, Black Friday, everything coming, it's currently 1,600. And that's actually for the whole system. So the scanner projector part, the Core i7 Windows 10 machine and the touch mat. So all that together is that. And that's why it's really, I refer to it as a 3D for the masses because you get a reasonably powerful computer with discrete graphics in there, Core i7, and you get all the sensors and cameras in there and also the mat. And it's not a stellar price, especially for professional use or purposes. Okay. All right. Well, thank you I guess. And if you have any further questions, then feel free to contact me after the session. Thank you. Take it down now or? I can, if you have like three minutes, then I will do it down here. Yeah, but you can leave it, no problem.


Welcome to Free Thoughts from Libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute. I'm Aaron Powell. And I'm Trevor Burrus. Joining us today is Cass Sunstein. He's the Robert Wellmsley University professor at Harvard where he's founder and director of the program on behavioral economics and public policy. He has served as administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs and is a member of the president's review group on intelligence and communications technologies. He's the author of many books and his newest is The World According to Star Wars. Welcome to Free Thoughts. Pleasure to be here. This is in light of your academic and scholarly career and the books you've written, this one stands out a bit. So I guess why Star Wars? Well, it's not as if I thought that writing a book on Star Wars was a logical progression of my work on constitutional law and regulation. It wasn't like culminating in this. I have a now seven-year-old son who got obsessed at the age of five with Star Wars. A healthy obsession, I should say, that lasted only a few months. But during that period I got keenly interested in two questions. First, how did George Lucas come up with this?  And the first question actually got to me more than the second initially about how creativity works. And I found, what isn't a mystery if you dig a little bit, that a lot of the plot points of Star Wars were seed of the pants improvisations by a guy who was constructing a series of narratives. And it occurred to me that's a lot like a lot of things, including political life for better or for worse, constitutional law has that feature, our own lives have that feature. Freedom itself pulls in that direction of episode creation. And that got to me. And I thought that's an interesting tale to tell. And then the question, how did this thing end up taking over our culture? Now your own personal experience with Star Wars, do you remember seeing the first movie or when it really hit you that this was the coolest thing ever? I remember it as if it was five minutes ago. I confess I was mostly a Star Trek fan until relatively recently. But I liked Star Wars plenty. And seeing that original ship in what's now called The New Hope and it getting bigger and bigger on the screen and continuing and continuing. I must have seen it within a couple months of initial release. And it was like a joke to see that ship just keep going. And all of the mysteries of who was Obi-Wan really? Who was the father? What is the force? How do these visuals come into one's face? So that's a keen memory. And for everyone who saw the initial release of A New Hope, I think it's seared on the brain. One of the interesting parts of the book, there's many interesting parts of the book, but we'll go, we'll step through them and the order they're presented, I suppose. From the perspective of the kinds of things that Trevor and I have talked about a lot on this podcast in the past, is the way that markets work and the way that markets find things to be successful or reward merit or how things take off. Because there's this kind of crude story that markets simply, if it's good, it'll sell. And if it doesn't sell, then that's an indicator that it was bad or it was a shoddy product. But you have an extended discussion of how it's more complicated than that by way of trying to explain whether Star Wars was inevitable. Well, there's also even another side of a crude market analysis sort of Galbraithian that advertisements and corporations can make you want things that you don't actually want. So somewhere in the between those, when you analyze why Star Wars is popular to begin with. Right. These are great questions. So Star Wars success is a challenge for Galbraith in the sense that it seemed to be a spontaneous bubbling up of enthusiasm. The studio didn't advertise it much. They just had two ads in holiday seasons and the studio didn't expect it to do very well. And so it didn't create Star Wars taste. I think if you'd asked them before the movie was released, create a Star Wars taste so that your movie will be a success. They would have thought that's crazy and it's doomed. So in a way the success of the tale is a tribute to the bottom up processes that often markets reflect. On the intrinsic merit point versus the kind of social network point, it's very hard to tell because history is only run once. So let's give both examples that intrinsic merit argument is that at least some goods take off in markets because they're just too phenomenal. And you can take your favorite picks. It might be Apple computers or the iPhone or it might be some general electric products at certain points in time which just took over. They just work so well. And you could say Star Wars is the equivalent of that. And while it was not anticipated, Steven Spielberg, who's pretty smart, said after he saw the first one, George, this is the best movie ever made. And the audiences, we've talked about that a little bit, they went berserk. The studio couldn't foresee that just like governments often can't foresee stuff. So a point for Hayek maybe. The things are great and it's hard to know until people get going. That might be, and I think the book does say in the end that is the right account. Star Wars was too amazing not to do really well. Easy to say that in hindsight though. So the alternative view, which I think often is correct, whether it's correct in the context of Star Wars, I'm just not sure, is that once you pass a certain threshold of awesomeness, you can either tank or be a spectacular success depending on the social dynamics that markets reflect. So Profiles Encouraged by John F. Kennedy is a famous book. It did spectacularly well. If his dad hadn't bought 40,000 copies and put them in Hyannis in some sort of place, who knows whether it would have done well. It became a bestseller and then was kind of a famous book and kept going. Now the idea for Star Wars would be that as for many products that markets reward, it got the benefit of early enthusiasm that created a kind of echo chamber. And as the echo chamber got louder, more people heard it. And once they heard it, they started joining it. Now if it had been terrible, it would have tanked. But it needed the echo chamber and the kind of cascade effect that echo chambers often create. Without that, maybe we'd be talking about some other movie or the TV show Awake, which was from 2011, I think. Fantastic. It never created an echo chamber or if it did, I was the only one in it. And since I didn't come out as a fan of Awake until this very moment, it's kind of buried in the book, there was if no one liked that phenomenal TV show. So I think Mark at sometimes amazingness is sufficient, but often amazingness is necessary but not sufficient and you need the network. Maybe the best demonstration that anything Star Wars wouldn't have produced a cascade effect is the Star Wars Holiday Special, which did not become very big or very popular despite writing the cascade of Star Wars theme because it is just horrible. Absolutely horrendous. How widespread was the Star Wars phenomenon when it hit? Because it seems like we sometimes, especially now, can misread how culturally pervasive things are. So I'm thinking of there was a recent article in current affairs on the musical Hamilton that basically pointed out that if you're someone who reads The New York Times and The New Yorker and other bastions of cultural good taste, you get the sense that Hamilton is the biggest thing in the world right now, but almost nobody has seen it. And as they point out, basically everyone who's seen it are the people who are writing about it. And then similarly we get these stories every now and then about how you think like these other TV shows Breaking Bad is the biggest thing in the world, but its ratings are actually very small. It's just a certain class of people talking about it whereas I think like the biggest TV show is that NCIS because it's watched by like retired people in flyover country basically. And so Star Wars, did it look like that? Could it have been bigger? Was it focused in areas? Okay, so it's a great question that Star Wars we could think in early days, that is the days of a new hope, was spectacularly successful in the sense that there were all these crowds around the block but that it was very narrow compared to something that was genuinely everybody heard of or 85% of people knew about it. I think Star Wars was not relatively narrow, though it took a few months to get there. So it was originally released on just dozens of screens. It couldn't get in the movie theaters. Amazing, right? That these people whose economic self-interest was at stake made such a mistake in not seeing this would take off. I have some explanation for why that might be so but let's bracket that. After the big crowds started coming around and they're going around the block, you don't see that anymore, it started getting on the evening news. So Walter Cronkite who was watched by not a small segment of people but by lots and lots of Americans. I don't have the number but much higher than evening news now. Or Bill O'Reilly, yes. Or Bill O'Reilly. He was even more popular than Bill O'Reilly. Hard as it is to imagine. He had a segment on Star Wars and the general interest news magazines like Time and Newsweek, they covered Star Wars and they had much more salience then. So the kind of number that gives you a clue is that Star Wars became the second most in inflation-adjusted terms, the second most successful movie of all time after Gone with the Wind and that happened in relatively short order. And Gone with the Wind was probably in theaters for a year or two back in the day, back when there was no VHS or TV, it was probably in theaters forever. Completely. So if you adjust not only for inflation but for entertainment options, Star Wars undoubtedly the all-time winner. So we'd have to break it down demographically. There must be some demographic groups that would have had no idea what Star Wars was. But compared to almost anything in the last, what, 75 years, Star Wars had pervasiveness, not like Mad Men, which the example like Breaking Bad where the elites love it, they thought everyone's talking about Mad Men and the percentage of people are talking about Mad Men, very small. So the 20th Century Fox executives who didn't realize what this was going to be. So we have a theory of why this might be the case. Now, it seems to me that we could also talk about the way businesses try to find opportunities as we mentioned at the beginning. But 20th Century Fox was a big studio and this was a really weird movie. So maybe they were just risk averse because large businesses tend to be risk averse to something that's pretty different from, I don't know, what the biggest movie in 1976 was but it probably wasn't anything like Star Wars. They probably had Bert Reynolds. They probably had Bert Reynolds. Smoking the band I think came out at the same time, Bert Reynolds. So they were risk, I mean, this was pretty weird. The only closest analog would have been like a Flash Gordon kind of cheesy B movie thing. So is there, so that we can learn about the risk averseness of large companies with a lot on the line. That's great. And I think that's correct. So big companies often think what's successful is what's like things they have had success with. And what's doomed is like things that have failed in the past or that they've never had success with. And as you talk, it occurred to me, which it didn't occur to me of writing the book, that there's a behavioral science explanation, which is the availability heuristic, where you think something is more probable if an example comes to mind. So if you have an example of a Bert Reynolds movie and there are plenty at the time, you think this is like that, this will do well. There's just no example of a movie like Star Wars. Flash Gordon with very limited serial. So it's not irrational to use the availability heuristic if you have limited information and to see a movie that's like nothing anyone had seen before and think this is going to do spectacularly well. That would take a lot of boldness and independence of standard market outcomes. I was also told something after the book was published that I found very informative, which is someone in an audience that I spoke to about exactly this topic, went to USC film school and said that he'd seen the rough cut of Star Wars that the studio thought was bad. And he said they weren't dumb. It was bad. And I said, what made it bad? And he said there were three things. First, some of the key voices were done by actors for whom Lucas found substitutes, most notably Darth Vader. And if you hear some guy with a, you know, some sort of weak voice talking Darth Vader. He's kind of a cocky David Browsley. Was that a British guy? Yeah, British guy. Cocky British accent, yeah. It just doesn't cut it as Darth Vader. Instead of menacing, he seems kind of like your favorite. Like a Guy Ritchie film or something. Yeah, your favorite uncle or something. And that nice guy is trying to be tough. And so that was the first thing. The second thing is they didn't have the sound effects. And if you don't have the sound effects, the movie is much weaker. And the third thing he said, it didn't have John Williams. And that music is critical. Now as he talked, I thought, you know, still the music is great, but you don't need the music and the sound effects. His view was you need the music and the sound effects. So that probably added to the sense of doomed. Now if they'd seen the original thing, would they have thought awesome? I think for your reason not. They would have thought, you know, skilled and amazing, but your moviegoers aren't going to like it. The music was the thing that I noticed was conspicuously absent in your discussion of a success because I've always wondered how much of Star Wars' success was John Williams. I mean, you've got here arguably the greatest score, movie score of all time. And George Lucas said it was the only part of the movie that he was completely satisfied with. Yeah.  One of those Italian synth bands, yeah, like zombie. It's a great point. So if I were doing the book all over again, I would put more emphasis on John Williams. The character and the creativity of George Lucas is, I think, completely fascinating. And his combination of attraction to Flash Gordon and really shallow stuff and his deep reading and I think deep soul, that's irresistible. So that tale kind of took over my own narrative. But John Williams, you're right. Without him, who knows? What about reading the popularity of Star Wars in the other direction and what it says about how things succeed in markets? Because we've been talking about, so it's got, you need a certain degree of merit because if it's terrible, then network effects probably aren't going to make it successful anyway. But once you get over that, then there's all this, what often amounts to luck for it to become successful. But is it also possible that the quality of, that we're over-judging the quality of these films because it's so successful? Once a whole bunch of people started liking it, then you had to like it or there was something wrong with you, which is how I currently, people who say they don't like Star Wars, I think there's something wrong with them. And so there's like cultural pressures to like it and then over-assess its quality. I think you're completely right. So I think the clearest example is the Mona Lisa, which is the most famous painting in the world. It became famous because it was stolen and became a consulabra. In its time it was thought to be one of Da Vinci's good paintings, but not the best.  And it's probably, it's a very good painting, but it's not all that special. I've never met anyone who went to the Louvre who wasn't disappointed by it. It's also small. It's very small, it's always crowded, yeah. And it's the most famous painting. So Star Wars, I have, after working on it for so long, I have a sense that anything a human being could give as a rating to Star Wars is too low, that it's kind of infinitely good, but that might be immersion, which is an even stronger version of what you're describing. So the idea that it is not just tremendous and magnetic, but the first three are the greatest movies ever, I will stand by that view, but acknowledge that you have to drink a lot of water in a way to think something like that. So this is a, I mean, Aaron and me times would just want to run a Star Wars podcast, I think, which I would be okay with, but this is ostensibly a political show to some extent. So, but there are, there's political elements of Star Wars, and you talk about it a little bit in the book, you actually, and you even quote, because I wrote a piece a while back when the new movie came out about maybe what was wrong with the galactic governing structure. And you quote the opening crawl from Attack of the Clones, which you think is better than Fandamanus in your ranking. Yeah, I think so, the movie, yeah. Aaron's shaking his head, he thinks, but the opening crawl of Attack of the Clones gives you this interesting little thing. It says, there's unrest in the galactic senate, several thousand solar systems have declared their intentions to leave the republic, which is interesting because apparently there are several thousand solar systems represented in the galactic republic, which seems a little unwieldy. If we go back to American history and we talk about the discussions of whether or not we could govern a republic with 13 disparate colonies, several thousand solar systems seems maybe like this is, maybe this is why the empire came along. That's a great point. So, you know, in the American founding, there was a debate between the heirs of Montesquieu, who thought that a centralized republic would doom, especially if you had diversity, you just couldn't govern. And the anti-federalists actually spoke accurately for Montesquieu and saying this is a big mistake and Madison and Hamilton had all thought that size could be a virtue because you could have more checks and also more virtue, literal virtue. The representatives would be better in character. So, size would counteract faction. Madison and Hamilton won that debate in their time, but I don't think they would think that, you know, thousands and thousands of solar systems, you're going to have a large republic and it's going to turn out okay. So, for something like that to work, it's kind of an impossible thought experiment, but there'd have to be an accompanying technology that allowed people to deliberate in a representative way without missing a ton of information. And, you know, there's a lot of technology in Star Wars. Well, that's why I thought it was an interesting question because your work on politics deals with technology and good governance and things like this. And I'm just sitting here trying, they could cast, figure out how to make this work. I mean, I put you in charge of the Oibro. It'd be fine. Cost-benefit analysis. Exactly. If we can make this work, I just think it might, because I see an analogy too because it also, in Attack of the Clones, they talk about how the republic is ground to a halt. It's no longer getting work done and the emperor comes in to say, I'm going to get things done, which maybe also has some parallels to now. This is great. So, Montesquieu said the system of separation of powers had a natural state of repose or inaction, which is paralysis in its extreme case. And on one view, that's fine, that you burden a government with so many obstacles that you free up liberty. That's one view. But another view, which I think accounts for the emperor's success, is if you have a paralyzed government, then it can't do stuff that's indispensable. Now, let's suppose the view is that there are police and national defense functions that are necessary and the government can't agree on that because it's paralyzed. Then even if you think the central in the old republic has a quite libertarian set of responsibilities, maybe it can't do them because they can produce a budget. We're not sure exactly what they're fighting over, but if they can't do police and fire protection, then problems. This is made interesting in light of what we know in The Force Awakens, too, because we've had Palpatine rise to power and then we've had him overthrown and return of the Jedi ends with this triumphant, like the galaxy's going to be great now and then not so much 30 years later. And it's the same problems again. You've got a republic government that can't get anything done and this is explored a bit more in a few of the novels that have come out which are as canon as the movies are now. And you've got this external threat that the government can't figure out how to deal with and Solea has no choice but to just head off on her own and create freedom fighters again that it seems like they just can't learn from their mistakes and that maybe this is... One of the interesting things in one of the books is in Bloodline is they talk about there's thousands of planets and they're fighting with each other and the split seems to be between basically free traders and protectionists. And they can't figure it out and everyone's got an opinion, but then whenever they debate, there's like six people debating because they can't figure out how to get the thousands debating at once. So it seems like... It ultimately seems ambiguous. It's because bureaucracy, the freedom that then creates like everyone should have a voice. Democracy doesn't seem to work but they're clearly... I mean some people think it's propalpatine but it's probably not either. So out of this is there kind of a system that seems to be like what Star Wars slash George Lucas wants or is it just kind of a throwing up your arms and saying stuff's ungovernable. That's a great question. So I think Lucas and now Abrams and his colleagues, they're extremely alert to the risks of an authoritarian system. So they're clear in their heads about that. But more interestingly, they're clear in their heads about the risks of a self-government system where the risks are they can't reach decisions. They bicker all the time and maybe they just don't know what they're doing. So the latter seems to me more surprisingly interesting than the first two, though all of them are relevant today. So the idea that you have people fighting over free trade who really don't have a handle on how to think about that, that's interesting. And one thing that doesn't have kind of a halo around it in the Star Wars world is a technocratic conception of government. In fact, it doesn't even appear and I think Lucas's rebel heart would be very suspicious of that. But it is a view and you could think of like first-order technocrats who would be trying to figure out free trade just by crunching a lot of numbers. They'd be like the Council of Economic Advisors and they might bicker, but they'd be bickering on the numbers and that's a much narrow kind of bickering than what you're describing. Or you could have second-order technocrats who could say that there are areas which will fence off from the Republic's hands because they'll screw it up and will have decentralization to either local authorities or to markets. And it's interesting, neither first-order nor second-order technocratic stuff appears in the Star Wars movies or so far as I can recall in the books. It wouldn't make a great movie. It would be very challenging even for tremendous directors to give that human resonance. Well, there is the Trade Federation in the beginning of Phantom Menace, which is... Yes, that's true. They seem to be somewhat... I'm the quasi-governmental entity, but the whole thing begins with the trade dispute. And now I'm just thinking of Darth Trump and like him sending in his trade negotiate... This is how he's going to get a better deal by sending in his trade negotiators to China. Blockade China. That killed the Jedi on the way. A lot of things can begin as trade disputes, which is kind of interesting. Completely. Aren't the prequels and the terms we're discussing, they are emerging as much more interesting than... They have more politics in them. Yeah, and the politics... You're putting your finger on the fact that it starts with a trade dispute. That's pretty clever. I mean, it's not a movie that people greatly admire, but that resonates. And it resonates in 2016 much more clearly than it did in the 90s when it was released. There's something very, very agile about that. And with some of the things that Albert Hirschman talked about, about how powerful authoritarian governments expand their reach, it has a lot to do with trade. One of the things that struck me as I was writing up questions for our conversation now is this... Looking at the current election in light of Star Wars, and it's always a stretch when you're doing things like that. But one of the things that seems is that Palpatine was way too subtle.  And they'll go for it. Like, why hide it? That seems a more effective strategy. Great. Well, it's risky to draw general lessons from an end of one. But I take your point. So what is Trump saying? He's saying a lot of things. So one thing he's saying is that in part because of trade deals, American workers and companies have been harmed greatly. Now, that's not subtle. It's not something that Palpatine himself said. It's not something that is self-evidently evil or even wrong. You won't be surprised here. I don't expect to vote for Mr. Trump. But he's connecting with something that both fits with people's experience. They think. And also there's some data suggesting the idea that for some American workers of a non-trivial number, trade deals have had an adverse effect on their jobs. So there's something there. Now, the Palpatine thing has many different bits. You're right. It's very duplicitous. And subtle.  And that he accepted with apparent reluctance in the movies, though, of course, he relished it. That was what he was after. And this isn't the Trump phenomenon at all. But what is the Trump phenomenon is the idea that you'll have someone who can actually do stuff and also someone who is going to create barriers, whether they're physical walls or they're trade things, that will prevent the hollowing out, so to speak, of the nation. And that's a more particular thing than we observe in Star Wars. I'm thinking now whether the rise of powerful leaders, either of a OK sort or an objectionable sort, frequently has that feature. I'm not seeing it. So that suggests that the Trump thing really is, in its substance, a response to a very particular historical thing. But I'll say something else about Trump connected with our earlier discussion. You could think of Trump as kind of an inevitable product of our culture now. Or you could think of Trump as like a song that ends up taking off. And it's because of a lot of factors, which if a butterfly had flapped his wings at a different point, that song wouldn't have taken off. And keep in mind that Trump, of course, he's resonating. But he may be a little like, let's say, a less good movie than Star Wars, meaning something that has some merit in terms of likely popularity, but which needed a lot of stuff to become the most successful movie of the year. And, you know, competing with a whole lot of people, he was the only one who had instant name recognition. Because he was famous, he got a lot of publicity. In the early stages, at least, of a primary, any publicity is good publicity. The people dropped out basically in just the order that was useful for them to drop out. And then the idea would be that he's not connecting, you know, fantastically with some big strain in American culture. He's like the biggest hit of 2013. I don't know what that was, but... It may not be a timeless classic. Exactly. It could be sugar sugar by the Archies and that, you know, not a timeless classic. Well, it's interesting because that's the... It's related, going back to the beginning, we're talking about how, why this was big, cascade effects and things like that, which you do compare to political campaigns in the book. But it could be related to Israel Kursner's concept of entrepreneurship and political entrepreneurship. Is an entrepreneur finding a market that exists, or is he creating a market that didn't exist? And political entrepreneurship would be... We have one view where he said, Trump, there was a huge market out there and people and he found it. Or maybe he created it in some way. Right. The creating market is extremely interesting. I'd like to think more about that. So one idea is that there's a pre-existing thing. You know, people are very upset about immigration or about crime and the person that attacks that. Another idea is, the second idea is that there's a no publicly articulated concern about the thing, but it's gnawing at people. And the publicly articulated concerns would be, you know, we're very worried about unemployment or we're very worried about... Job loss, middle class. But what's gnawing at people that they don't articulate because they think it's politically incorrect or their view isn't shared is immigrants or something about national pride being diminished. And then when someone talks about that, it's not creating something that didn't exist before. It's just allowing people to give voice to something that they themselves had suppressed. And then there's a third thing, which is what you're pointing to, which is creating something that wasn't there before. That's extremely interesting in connection with current politics. So the immigration issue, it's unclear whether that is the second or the third, meaning something that people actually were concerned about, but they weren't voicing. I think it's plausible to say that this is something that's actually been created because in most people's experience of their lives, even I'm confident most Trump supporters, immigration from Mexico, et cetera, that isn't a problem for them. Yeah, they don't walk down the street and see it all the time. Yeah. And if they're having struggles in the workplace, meaning getting a job or getting good wages, it's not visibly and probably not in fact connected with the absence of a wall. It might be connected with trade deals, but in any individual case, certainly very speculative. I turn to rebellions. One of the points that you discuss at length in the book is that the rebel line seems unexpected. Like the empire, why didn't they see this coming and why didn't they react to it stronger when they had the chance? And so you go through the question of how, I mean at the beginning we've got Luke is basically grumbling about, I mean, he doesn't like the empire, but he's not going to do anything about it. He's got the academy to get to and he's got farming to do. Well, the academy would be to join the empire too, right? Yes.  And he's one person, what can he do? And so that tipping point of how you shift from, I'm one person to I've got to do something and then from I've got to do something to we've got to do something and where that comes from. Can you go into? Yes, it's fantastic and it connects with Arab Spring. I think it connects with the rise of political movements in the United States. It may have something to do with the apparently rising success of libertarianism in the United States these days. And there are a few things when the movie I think is fantastic on this. One is if you have some external shock to your life that just looks somewhere between bad and intolerable, that can activate you politically. Now, Luke loses his aunt and uncle. It can be less dramatic than that and you think, I'm going to go for it. It's just unacceptable. Or without an external shock, it can be that in your set of associates, there's a mounting sense that you've got to do something. So there are some people who think with respect to rebellion. I'm just in for that and Leia is one. Then there are others who seeing Leia will go. There are others who need to see Leia and the people who see Leia and the people who see people who see Leia. Those all have to go before they go. But then once there are so many people in, then it can be maybe the quiet 30% or so who are trying to live their lives but who don't want to be what creeps or left out or in a way collaborators with the regime even through inaction. Probably that was the American Revolution that a lot of people ended up joining because they didn't want to be collaborators with the regime. It's not like they left an aunt and uncle. Not to join the American Revolution was a form of collaboration. What's I think great about this in the sense of instructive is that I at least before thinking about this in connection with Star Wars and other things thought that rebellions and big social movements involved independent judgments by people who are just really fed up. It's more like a wave than a bursting of independent judgments, like a wave in a stadium where people are joining others. But it's more complicated in the wave because it depends on the volume of the wave which grows as people continue to join it. There is the interpretation which you talk about a little bit, the Jihadi-Luke interpretation which is relevant in the sense that he was radicalized by the act of a large central government, the blowback of him killing his family. He joins a small group of scrappy rebels and takes down a huge thing. Completely. The idea that Luke was involved in some sort of religious mission which is entangled with the rebellion, that's actually true. Now he's in favor of peace and justice and he's against an empire. But George Lucas, it hurts me to say this because I'm just a fan of his, but he thought in a new hope that the empire was kind of like the United States and the rebellion was like the Viet Cong. I say this, it makes me suffer to say this because I feel the United States is the Republic and the empires, the Soviet Union or authoritarian system. But he thought that which fits with the at least potential reading of many forms of rebellion including those that we rightly abhor as having the self-image of we're fighting the empire. There's no question that some of America's worst enemies are recruiting people through a religious slash political effort including on social media that has some of the features of what we can see in these movies. I don't know how much of that those features the rebellion would have. I mean one of the questions watching these things is why the rebellion is pretty small and why it seems to be as small as it is given how overwhelmingly awful we're told the empire is. And so you get, I wonder how much of it is that from the perspective of someone in the existing system looking out at this, you've got a group of people who seem motivated by weird mysticism because even though they're not all Jedi's they use, they mention the force all the time and may the force be with you is kind of their standard thing and be that they instituted this terrorist attack against a space station that killed hundreds of thousands. I don't know, I mean lots and lots and lots of imperials and has that neat little like, they've blown this thing up and so now two movies later we have to rebuild it or else they'll have one. So I wonder how much those features played into the longevity of the empire. That's a very good question. I mean my association is with Gordon Wood's book on the radicalism of the American Revolution where he talks about how at a certain time in the United States people would doff their caps when they saw the rich people walking by and there was a system of hierarchy with respect for authority that no one ever questioned. It was just part of their lives. And Wood's view was that the radicalism of the American Republic is that culture of deference was assaulted and that made the American Revolution possible and kind of defined its commitment to equal liberty, let's call it. And the reason I have that association is you could imagine people living under a terribly authoritarian regime which unless the foot is in your face all the time, in which case you say get the foot out of my face, you think this is just what life is like and probably under the iron curtain there were a number of people who thought this is what life was like and the state would have to get very aggressive in intruding on people's admittedly dismal lives. Otherwise we get pretty aggressive by arresting people and they did plenty of that in order to foment a sense, I'm going to put my life on the line or something. So when there's quiescence it might be, as you were saying about Lucas, there's just nothing you can do or it might be terror and the terror explanation is consistent with some of the scenes in Star Wars but I think the other is more interesting. Well, the interesting thing, so the revolution where Luke's rebellion begins on Tatooine which is a frontier planet. Now frontier planets are always interesting to me. It's always a part of like a lot of sci-fi in general. The frontier planet is where the government ends and as libertarian I'm interested that's what makes the frontier the frontier and they don't seem that interested in putting the boot. It seems like Luke maybe has never seen a stormtrooper before on Tatooine and they don't really keep on order in Maas Aisley or anything like this. So it's a pretty free place. He hasn't really seen much of it. So in that sense outside of government you can have these kind of rebellion things grow but it does seem like an ideological revolution as you like the American Revolution was as opposed to a, I don't know what's happening in Venezuela right now for just everyone is starving and oppressed and you just have to rebel against the government to survive. But to get people on board with this rebellion you need to preach the legitimacy or the illegitimacy of the governmental power in place and they remember the republics. So it's all very interesting. I think it is more like the ideological revolution as you were saying. So on the revolution though it's a good time to get into since the chapter in the book that deals with what I do here, constitutional law, you have a chapter on constitutional originalism and how it relates to Star Wars. And since we get the revolution and then the constitution comes out of the revolution and then you say why Star Wars is like, helps argue why you shouldn't be an originalist. And our last guest was actually Randy Barnett. So you can like follow this right up with going against Randy's view of this. Okay, so that's great. So I have a lot of admiration for Randy and I don't think anything in Star Wars should make him think, oh, I'm wrong. Yeah, that'd be weird but it's an analogy, yes. Let's sneak up on originalism. We'll consider treat originalism as the empire and we're going to do a sneak attack. And the sneak attack has the following form. If you look at how our constitutional tradition actually works, this may be something to be sad about and Randy is, but if you look at how it actually works, it's episode creation by the Supreme Court. So if the Supreme Court is dealing with, let's say, the question of sex equality in the 1970s, there's, I think it's very hard to argue that the Equal Protection Clause forbids sex discrimination. That's really hard.  That's the least in the 70s. That was a fully rational assumption. The Supreme Court's strike down the laws. I think what the court is doing in Equal Protection Cases and it's doing in the free speech area too, is it's saying, you know, we have a background of episodes. You may say that the founding is episode one and it has a kind of pride of place. So maybe you can fool around a little bit with Return of the Jedi, but a new hope, that's sacrosanct. But a new hope is followed by the Empire Strikes Back, which maybe doesn't have quite the status and maybe it's a decision like Marlboro against Madison or something or McCulloch against Maryland where you can construe both Marlboro and McCulloch and people do including Randy on McCulloch in particular in a way that is faithful to it. But in the case of the Nesser and Proper Clause, Randy would give that clause a narrower reading that is now conventional and he wants to write new episodes. Now he, I think, wants to return peace and justice to the galaxy. So he wants something that is more intrusive on existing precedents than most participants, at least in the development of constitutional law. So what I guess I'd say to him and Justice Scalia, and Scalia may be a bit more with me than appears, at least for much of his career he was, is that there are episodes being written which owe a duty of fidelity to those things that have come before, but which involve a creative feature. You're making best sense of them rather than following them. So Brown against Board of Education, I think, is an example of I Am Your Father moment. It also repudiated some precedents, but it's trying to make the unfolding constitutional narrative really awesome rather than bad. I think that's what Brown against Board of Education does. Now on one view, some originalists say that they're doing exactly that. They're trying to maintain faith with our tradition writ large. And they like to say they can preserve a lot of the stuff that they can preserve more episodes than the non-originalists think. The fact that that's an ongoing debate, I think that's intriguing where the non-originalists often say, I've said it myself, that a problem with originalism is that it forces jettisoning of so much of our tradition, and that's kind of a problem. Now, originalists have two possible responses to that. One is, well, we're jettisoning things that are illegitimate, so fine. A more interesting response in terms of what we're now talking about is the originalists say, oh, we don't have to jettison Brown against Board of Education or Freedom of Speech. Those by our, we might have to rewrite the opinion a bit. We just have to retcon the Constitution. Exactly. So all I want to say is that what George Lucas and now the Disney team is doing is unfolding the narrative in ways that makes it both coherent and as good as it can be. And that's what constitutional law is like. Originalists have to struggle a little bit more than non-originalists to acknowledge that, but many of them venture that struggle. So we're coming up to the end, and I wanted to ask one of the popular questions among people discussing Star Wars, in part because I think I disagree with you on this one. You have a higher opinion of the prequels than I do. So which of the seven movies we've got now, what do you think the best, say, three are, and then which one's the worst? Okay. So the very best is The Empire Strikes Back. And since I worked for President Obama, I've broken with him on nothing that that's not what a former government employee does is, certainly while the president is sitting, say, you know, you're wrong. But I'm going to break with him on this. He has said publicly, A New Hope is the best of a Star Wars movie. President Obama made a colossal blunder there. That's impeachment. I know. It may not be a high-criber misdemeanor, but The Empire Strikes Back is number one. A New Hope is number two. And Return of the Jedi is number three. Those are two world historically great movies and one excellent movie. There is no worse Star Wars movies because they're also amazing and fantastic. There might be a least good Star Wars movie. And I'd say The Phantom Menace is the least good Star Wars movie. Thank you for listening. If you enjoyed today's show, please take a moment to rate us on iTunes. Free Thoughts is produced by Evan Banks and Mark McDaniel. To learn more, find us on the web at www.libertarianism.org.


Hello and welcome to the CFC Markets shirt of the week video with myself Dave Madden Today's date is Wednesday the 16th of May 2018 and the time has just gone 12 40 for this summer time This week's chart of the week is the footsie 100 and as you can see over the past seven or eight weeks It's not a terrific run and this week. We've actually hit levels not seen since January of this year So we're not too far away of the all-time high on the footsie 100 And if this bullish run continues the next big level to watch out for to the upside will be a seven thousand eight hundred So the price action here a classic example of higher highs and higher lows a solid upward trend is clearly bullish But if you look at the MacD histograms back the indicator We can see the positive momentum has been a decline now This could be an early suggestion at the market is coming for a bit of a short-term correction or perhaps a pullback The MacD indicator measure if the rate of which Market is moving in a certain direction and momentum is clearly in decline So when the the bulls are running our esteem that could suggest we may see a pullback now It is worth noting price is the most important indicator prices king This story takes story takes preference over the back the indicator But this decline in the positive momentum could suggest we may see a bit of a pullback But if you do see a pullback it could actually up could allow for some potential buying opportunities, and if you do see a pullback We could see we could see the market pullback at the recent low of seven thousand six hundred and eighty five or perhaps even down to Seven thousand six hundred and thirty or maybe even down as low as seven thousand six hundred itself It's only if you drop below that the early may lows of seven thousand four hundred eighty one could then we Be get a bit concerned the market may drift lower and that could take us back down towards the tourney moving average Which comes into play just north of seven thousand four hundred and we go south of the tourney moving average That would actually be a sizable shaped in sentiment and that could point you for the losses down towards potentially Seven thousand three hundred. Well, that's that's all for me this week. Thank you very much


and started recording. Very good. Thank you very much. Who was it? Nice. So today at least we started at a very good time. At 3 we are starting at 8. By 8. By 5 I guess we will be very much in flow with this. Right? 2, 4, 0, 9, 1, 7 is the code. 2, 4, 0, 9, 1, 7 is the code. Very good. 43 people. Very good. 53, 52. Good, good, good, good, good, 57. 60 will touch. We will start. Whichever it will touch first. 805 or 60. We will start. 60. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Usually you have 70. Let's see. Let's see. But today is like the first day for the close down thingy for you, right? Your lectures and all that. Out of yours, vacation. This is the first day that there might be a reduction of 10 odd people. No problem. We can still wait for 8 to 5 and accordingly can start. Okay? Yes. Most of the question which will come, which will appear on screen will be based on power. So here it's 805 and here it's 61, 2 and go. What a good speed. What a good speed. What a good speed. Good, good, good, good, good. What is it in kilometer per hour? What is the question? Okay. Speed of answers per second. I guess we will have to count for answers. Everyone has voted very good, very good, very good. And here we go with the correct attempts. Okay guys. So we know that for very obvious reasons neutrons cannot be disturbed. Protons cannot be disturbed. Okay. So electron can be either removed or can be given. When you give the electron, it brings negative charge on the body which receives the electron. Clear or not? Sure. Okay. So giving excess of electron to it will make the body negatively charged. Clear? No problem. Here we go. First with the leaderboard shot. Let's see what's the difference between the top 5 people and the beauty. Wow. Wow, wow, wow. Very good, very good, very good. The beauty is like very minor difference. Okay. So no problem. Any random name, anyone who I know like Tushar. Aden is here. Vibhav is here. Aniket Gupta is here. Aniket Mongara is also here I guess. Good. Sneha is also here. Very good, very good, very good. And here we go. Next question. Look, read, solve, respond. Guys, you know this calculation. Okay. Clear? And I have also told everyone in general as well that this is the favorite question of NTSC. This is most favorite question of NTSC. This is most favorite question of NTSC. Simple calculation. Don't panic. Just, just, just know like very random or very rare conversion is also there. There's nothing like that. It's a very general conversion. You know all of them. Okay. Not even by calculation just by at your fingertips. You have to just put and multiply. Okay. For the very last few left, I'll just state everyone has voted very good, very good, very good. Let's see. Let's see. 100% correct. Boom. How come? I can see some people are saying sorry and all that. 1 kilowatt or 1 kilowatt 36 into 10 to the power 5. Rocket science kilo is 10 to the power 3. R to second is 3600. Anyone want to drop an X again? Okay. Good. Thank you very much. And here we go with the next question. And before that, giving a look to the leaderboard. The fastest responder was Aniket Gupta and Aiden Thomas like oh, and a slasher as well. Excellent. I've never seen it before. Very good. Very good. Very good. Very good. Very good. Like wow. Excellent. Excellent. Excellent. Very good. And here we go with the next one. Maintain the same pace. Yeah, this will take a bit while in order to read it. But no problem. Good. Good. Good. Pretty honest while responding is like beautiful. Looking at honest people when the answer is beautiful, beautiful, beautiful. Mongara left the audio session. I guess he might be just concentrating over the quiz. Preparing for it. Yeah. You just left the audio version. You are here with the chat. Good. Guys, you have to read it. Surely the reading will take some time. But yes, the concept is very simple. You know the formula associated with power. Okay. There are three versions of them. Apply them. Get the answer. You will have to think about what is constant and what is varying. That will help you out in order to get that answer. Yeah. So first of all, two electric bulb both are having same voltage. This voltage comma power is called as rated. Yes or no ratings. Power ratings. Okay. So both are working over 200, but one is having a power of 40 watt, whereas another one has a rated power of 100. Now when voltages are same, which formula of power will you use when you have been provided with exactly, exactly, exactly v square by R, which tells you that R will be higher for lesser power because R and P are inversely proportional. Correct. Correct. Correct. Correct. Correct. And hence the resistance of the filament of 40 watt bulb is more than the resistance of 100 watt bulb. Okay. So lesser power will have a will deliver a will provide a higher resistance. Guys, please, please, please, please, please look here. Let's see the shuffle in the leaderboard if there is any. Ah, here there is a difference built up a difference built up here. A bit linear, but good. Aiden jumped up to a good position. Gupta, I guess you made it wrong. Or you took time in order to solve it. Where is my dear friend, Ashleisha? Okay. She might be somewhere down and all that. Good. Good. Good. Good. But only one fastest. Okay. One, two and next known question, known question, known question, known question. If you have appeared yourself in the Camon, this is a known question. Camon, known Camon, known. You know it from Camon. If not, then yes from our discussions. So understand that the position they tell you is like your fourth and all that. That's the position of that particular question. Whereas what appears on the leaderboard is cumulative position. So you might see a variation. Got it. Chalo. Anyway, concentrating over here. Why is fuse, fuse wire use is pretty valid point to discuss over here because the responses in the answers are like the material of a fuse wire should have. Now why a fuse wire is used for what this fuse wire is connected in the circuit. For what this fuse wire is connected in the circuit. So your answer anyone to prevent overheating or to prevent excessive supply of current. What happens whenever an excess current comes because of I square R this heats up melts down in order to melt down early. It should have a low melting point. Low melting point, low melting. In order to allow a good passage of electric current should have a low resistance. So it should have no specific resistance because specific resistance and resistance are directly proportional to each other. Hence Bravo will be the right answer. Aditya what happened? Aditya G. Where is the doubt here? I just want to understand that part. You can unmute and speak up. Low resistance. It should have a low resistance. If see suppose simply understand that this wire is there. If it will have a high resistance how come current will come to this? Current passes maximum from the least resistance. We need this here to allow easy flow of current very well stated by shares. Good. Thank you very much. Also understand the fuse should not act as a load for the voltage supply. Here is our leader board. Good shuffle happened. Switch a swap. Gupta tending to lead the game again. Only one fastest. No problem. And here you go with the next question. Read it. Invest your time. It's confusing. You might think one is to two but the answer can be two is to one. All the calculation etc might be correct as well. Just see the right sequence. What is required? Two is to one or one is to two or the other way. One is to four or four is to one. 54 people responded in half of the time is pretty good. But this question actually should be done in odd 30 to 40 seconds. But in that case the possibility of you making a character is only 25% whereas the possibility of you making wrong is 75%. Don't go for guess. Boom. Again. Back. Look to the question. Read. Heater coil is cut into two. Hence the resistance will become. Old resistance is R. New resistance is R by two. It is being supplied with the same right or not. So the ratio of the heat produced by half coil to that by the original coil. So it is being operated at the same supply means voltages are same. So old performance was this. New performance is V square by R. The ratio of heat produced by this half to by old by one. Two is to one. Alpha being the correct answer. Everyone okay? By one end quickly. No one want to drop an X. I am waiting for X specially. Good. Good. Good. Good. Good. Good. There was some X. There was an X in between. Okay Aditya very good. Very good. Very good. Very good. Very good. Saw it. Yeah. Yeah. I read it. Very good. He didn't thank you very much for helping me. Aditya thank you very much for recenting. Now Aditya. There is an idea. All the time the power being delivered was V square by R. Better now. See in domestic utility you don't use series. You use parallel. So how can current be same and current will be same to what? Current will be same to what? You don't supply current to a device right? You supply voltage to a device depending on its resistance it absorbs current. So current is not a variable to be taken in there. Okay. What is the variable to be taken in there or voltage and resistances? Okay. So all time V square by R by application of a voltage V because of the presence of the resistance R. Okay. Okay. So if you want to go by I square RT I will go by that method also. I will go relax. I will go by that method as well. Don't worry. If you want that comprehensive answer I will go by that method as well. And I will show you that this wrong. Okay. I will tell you that relax. So heater coil is cut into two parts equal length. The ratio of the heat produced by this half coil to that by the original coil. So original coil was delivering V square by R. Case one. Okay. Especially those who have only those who have dropped in an X. Okay. Now case two the same voltage will not the domestic supply will not change its voltage. The voltage will remain the same. So V square by R is R by two this two jumps up taking the ratio two is two one method number one. Now method number two talking about our dear friend's answer as I square R. So anyway new by old. Okay. I new square R new square T square I old square R old square. Why I am taking T as T square. Boom. Boom. Okay. T. Now simple. Cancel. Right. So I new square by I old square is not known. But what is known is R new square R old by two square. So for R square R old square R square. Cancel. Okay. So clear. Oops oops oops oops I square R T. Sorry. Sorry sorry sorry sorry sorry. Okay. So R new R old one by two. Now what is the value of new current and new old current. So if old current was I new current will be V is equals to I R with the resistance of R. Old current was I with the resistance of half of R new current will be two I. So two square this will be four cancelling two is two one. Satisfied. Satisfied mega. Okay. Very good. Very good. Very good. Very good. Then really speaking doesn't more resistance mean more heat depending on which type of circuit you are there. Okay. So later board again have Surya from NPSYPR responding fastest. Very good. Good. Good. Good. Good kind of consisted in the second third position and all that. There are few known names disappear and here you go with the next question. Now now now guy this is a similar question plotted on the same concept. Slight variation please apply and get the answer. You have done so good so far are. Ah. 60 people have already responded in a time less than half the duration. good good good good good and 30 last seconds please reject we will be really happy to see that everyone has voted and yes everyone has really voted very good but someone again came in okay no problem no problem no problem just relax think about the cases think about the possibilities and here we go with the scores actually looking at who and how many have done it right and all that why 30 again you went with voltage now here it was clearly stated that the arrangement is of series so I square R will be applied series connection I square R will be applied okay and hence I square R I square R 1 is to 2 okay whereas we say beta in series circuit voltage doesn't remain same it gets distributed please please please don't it's painful okay next let's see the leaderboard first who has responded the fastest which is very high agenda and then we will see the top scorer Aniket Gupta not scoring anything Samrud is the fastest one to respond Surya and I indicate maintaining their top positions but having a good hustle in between themselves and here we go with the next question as of now we are running really fine we are really running fine because the upcoming questions will take a bit longer a bit comparatively a bit longer so we are at 8 30 another six odd questions are there so you guys will be happy to have this concluded on time today so again a similar thing but yes there is a variation in resistance and resistance variation can be easily calculated by arranging them in series or parallel as the question directs that variation will influence your power outcome hence the multiplication will give you the answer direct explanation I have given you now please please please quickly finish this equal word is very important over here equal word is very important over here and the beauty of these things are these are all NTSC's favorite questions these are all NTSC's favorite very very favorite questions it's okay Surya we should save time you can see on your screen out of how many questions which one you are seeing seeing right okay okay okay and sad look here three equal registers corrected in series 3R power outcome will be equal to V square by 3R right so power outcome is equals to 10 so V square by 3R is equal to 10 right if the same registers are connected in parallel R will become R by 3 so if it is V square by R it will give me 30 right or not so if it has to be stated 3 that's multiplied so it will be 3 multiplied it will deliver me 90 everyone everyone everyone quickly quickly drop in an X very good area you have a doubt I'm considering that very good area very good very good Sharon very good very good very good very good very good very good very good very good very good across the same emf didn't you read this please so old power is 10 which is equal to V square by three equal registers connected in series 3R new power required is V square by R by 3 why R by 3 why R by 3 because now they are same registers are collected in parallel so you know their equivalent resistance will become R by 3 right take the ratio 10 by P equal to V square by R V square by R cancelled 1 by 9 P equal to 90 okay okay okay especially those who were experiencing an X very good very good very good very good very good very good very good very good very good and here we go with the leaderboard first and then we look for the for the for the for the next question and Aniket scoring some good points might jump oh wow Surya you just got saved okay Aniket responded it fastest very good now going on to the next question read the questions you will have your answer within there a kid's question you should just know multiplication that's your answer yeah exactly eight and six point difference Surya got saved else he might have lost his position he is just a multiplication question Ray just multiply and you should know what is kilo yeah you got this one wrong upta happy be happy Surya will be like boo-hoo guy 61 is good score by like half that time it's good yes I have given a bit wider span of time to solve it because I wanted you guys to make it more as a correct vertical I did not I never want to compensate your accuracy with your speed at least at this age okay so so here we go at the end of the duration of discussion for three two and one everyone selects everything 15 only 15 hour look here how much energy energy is consumed kilowatt hour you have been provided with what okay you have been provided with our right or not so this is what are available per day for 30 days these many what ours so 1 2 3 makes it kilowatt hours 5 3s are 15 okay wire and wire and shame on me I'll oh damn I have to skip today's dinner so one second let me see which question is which option is right first oh sad sad about 19 people 10 such bulls are there so it will be oh why did not they write it as 1 0 yeah this 10 got hidden punishment no skipping dinner and all who got lucky let's see a Gupta got lucky he has it wrong Surya got lucky and but Surya got a bit unlucky with a difference of odd right or not 70 point and all no problem here is your next question don't worry don't worry don't worry don't worry and here we go similar question you have already done it please please please please please by asking which one will grow brighter they are indirectly asking higher power I'm just telling you about asking about this they are indirectly asking about power please please please huh it's okay not the time is also up right I should give answer I'm here to give answers only right or else you don't need me we'll make anyone sit over here and they will just click keep on clicking arrows everyone has voted very good very beautiful 67 and 543 to boom let's see let's see let's see oh oh ho ho ho let me see first whether I am right or not so 25 watt bulb okay 100 watt connected in series series series which electric bulb will glow brightly it will be 25 watt exactly higher r will deliver a higher power in series arrangement now higher r will be delivered by a lower p that means lower p will glow brighter in a series element got it anyone needs an explanation drop in an x very good very good very good very good very good very good very good very good very good now I'll tell you what see here you will have to first calculate their design the resistance their design resistance are v square by p and similarly from here for very obvious reason this is r25 and this is r100 you know r25 is way big than our hundred right all right four times right now power is directly proportional to or in this case because the case of series so our higher implies that power will be higher implies that glow will be brighter okay so 25 clear clear clear clear clear let's see let's see let's let's see let's see mega something happened Meghana once again ok here we go see we need the resistance of this device right so resistance is V square by P suppose this is V both are same I am just writing V square by 25 and V square by 100 so this is our lesser value of denominator means total in total higher value so now I square R I square R are the power outputs right I square and I square are not important reason being they are in series I remain same ok now R of 24 and R of 100 you can see very clearly R of 24 is four times R of 100 and this is bigger that means the power output will be bigger got it got it got it got it got it very good very good very good next question first of all are good shuffle shuffle shuffle shuffle shuffle good good good very good very good very good here we go with the next one, moves quickly relax there is a good possibility of making mistakes so please don't do that there is a good possibility of making mistakes so please don't do that read carefully whether it is series or parallel that will be helping you out hmm I shouldn't have given this long time for this question but not at all a problem not at all a problem good good good good good good quickly relax huh the best thing is you guys are solving it out that your response frequency and that the tsunami which comes as the response it's come is it's coming into installments good good good good good good good good good let's see 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 boom oh still still still still still two bulbs are connected in parallel and they together consume 48 water yes or no so no doubt no understand v square by R is the power in first and v square by R is the power in second yes or no no doubt fine okay in total they are consuming 48 here from a battery of 6 watt so total voltage upon total resistance is equal to simple simple simple simple simple simple 48 v square by R is equals to 48 so R is equals to 36 by 48 which is 3 by 4 now this R equivalent is R by 2 why because parallel combination the resistance of each bulb this line indicates that they are equal because in the options there are only one things available right or not R by 2 is equals to 3 by 4 implies that R is equals to 3 by 2 1.5 okay okay okay okay okay okay okay anyone want to drop an X very good very good very good very good very good very good very good very good very good quickly leaderboard might have got shuffled yes there is a possibility of Surya where are you now huge 1000 point difference yeah other downward shufflings are continuously here where is Aidan Thomas disappear okay relax look at it and solve if you know the formula you have the answer in front of you if you know the formula the answer is in front of you if you know the formula the answer is in front of you calorie are calories guys this is just looking at and giving the answer look at it and give the answer there is only one family a term others are all Ulu banana just making fool of you it's just a question of lesser than common sense thing if you know the formula you have the smile only by one gate that's already represented here right please guys five four three two one great good to see that but still please please please please please okay I square RT is the formula nothing else was there for the brain and here we go with the leaderboard so Gupta is leading there's a huge 1000 point gap now between the top two ranks rest others are there a good shuffling is possible in the last question I guess look at it and respond quickly quickly quickly quickly relax and respond relax and respond you have been through this thing several times throughout this testing size you have been through this several several times throughout the exercise so please read that and respond and solve finish this question before the time actually ends simple right simple very simple very simple you have been doing and dealing with this right good good good good good good good good very good very good very good very good very good very good yeah guys quickly same thing 25 40 and 60 are what what is the unit of power power have some relevance with resistance we have been discussing about it from almost question number two I guess quickly are 10 and 9 and 8 and 7 and 6 and 5 and 4 and 3 and 2 1 good but still there is a requirement so 11 was no brainer I square RT right now 12th one guys again the same thing power and resistances are inversely proportional to each other when as soon as the designing is considered right and hence 25 watt will have a lower resistance now suppose this question would have been asked to me okay sure not from the perspective of a 10th grader then I might have responded to okay information is insufficient why because r is equal to v square by P so their rated voltage can be different if they rated voltage would have been different they will deliver an equal right or not at the variant like non-symmetric patterns of R okay but anyway for this case R and PR inversely proportional the lowest P will give the highest R which of them has lowest resistance lowest resistance will be offered by 60 watt did I did I mark did I mark did I mark alpha beta Charlie or Delta are correct correct 60 watt on a lowest will be responded by 60 highest will be responded by 25 I was correct explanation I just was confused whether I gave you AS correct or BS CS correct and here you go with your leaderboard is there a shuffle is there a shuffle Shurya attempted but missed by some 200 points 100 points okay so clap for this chap and he gets Gupta has been attempting it for for God knows how many days and finally making it up at the leaderboard good good good good good good good good good very good very good very good very good very good very good okay guys okay okay okay okay okay okay relax relax relax relax so this was my attempt toward two things bringing into conceptual approach towards symptom are one let's making it a mix of numericals and concept one second yes trying to attempt or keep as many questions and that type of question that this can actually become an hour instead of becoming a one and a half hour show it should become a one hour show okay we are like short of two questions I guess if I would bring instead of 12 15 set then that might okay thank you very much for your time very good very good nice being here utilize these time which you have been provided for like out of the classes and all that your classes won't be there so take care good night bye bye