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Hi, my name is Courtney Foster. I am the program director for the Pediatric Critical Care Fellowship here at the University of Maryland. I have been at the University of Maryland for about 11 years. I actually did my residency and a chief resident year here at the University of Maryland and went to D.C. Children's for my fellowship in critical care, and I came back to Maryland 11 years ago to join the faculty for a variety of reasons. I love the people at Maryland. I find the relationships between the attendings and the trainees to be wonderful. I think everybody is very collegial and that's extremely important to me. I also love the size of the institution. We are big enough that you get all the acuity and variety that you need to see to remain competent and challenged. But we are small enough where we have a family feel within the unit, and I really love that. We are proud of our fellowship program here at University of Maryland. We have a total allotment of four fellows, so we take one to two fellows per year. We have a 19 bed intensive care unit that sees a variety of pathology and illness and a variety of acuity. We work with a multidisciplinary team to provide the best care that we can to the children in Baltimore and the greater Maryland area. If you're interested in our fellowship program, we would love to hear from you. Please check out the website and send an email to the addresses that you find. Thanks so much, and we hope to hear from you.


Aaron you've talked a lot about this lineup and the damage they can do that second inning just an example of how they wear down pitchers Yeah, no question you know, I think we we got some breaks in that inning and took advantage of them and You know to be able to run out on a big lead today on a hot day when you know, I think it was a challenge for everyone pitchers hitters It was important and Yeah, just just another lot of contributions up and down again with all the power you have in the lineup kind of remarkable that The runs were not scored via the home run Yeah, I I wasn't sure but I thought I was like I don't think we fit a homer today to have that many runs Yeah, I mean Again, I think it's just a tribute to to guys having quality at bats and up and down the lineup today to where we were You know, it will take advantage of a couple breaks and and really you know And had some opportunities even to score some more but just just good quality up and down today on a hot day Scary moment for Luke Voigt. They said the concussion protocol came back clear But are you still worried about him being a player tomorrow? Not really. You know, I actually felt pretty good about him even I mean we took him out just You know, obviously that's scary right there, but felt like he was even pretty good Before before we took him out and then going through the tests obviously was fine and and speaking to him right after Feel like he should be okay Right on the front row Where did it get him right on the cheekbone? Yeah, I think that the chin I haven't seen the replay yet But when I went out there, you know, I had a little bit of a cut lip from it But and in the first five meetings, what was Tanaka doing so well to get that many soft grounders? Yeah, to the right side. We had a really good split today I thought and you know as well as mixing obviously slider and fastball and then his split flattened out in that final inning Are not oh got him on the split that turned into more of a two-seam fastball up and out over the plate So I think he just kind of lost his split there the bite on that pitch But I thought up and to that point. I thought it was a really good pitch for him today Is is that odd that he lost it that quickly? I Mean, I don't know. I mean it's been one of those things for him this year that you know Whether it's been within a game or start to start Where he has searched for it? You know having it real consistent for him But I you know and also that the day could have contributed to it a little bit just a lot of long innings On the other side in the first half of the game Obviously, you know the heat and everything so Hard to say exactly left side Dan is judge. Okay. Yeah, Aaron's okay. Just chose to get him out of there you know playing the double header day game after the night game this heat With the lead of it just felt like it was it was a good thing to do And when they they rallied did you have any second thoughts about that when it started to look like more of a game? No, I mean no, I mean we need to protect the nine-nothing lead and you know We had good players sitting over there too that go into replay. So I Thought there was a lot of value and getting him out of there today Far right Eric Aaron. We've asked you a lot about LeMay who at the plate this year What about him in the field has impressed you most this season? While the versatility having not done it obviously in the big leagues I mean you saw some special plays at first today a really good play to start things off down at third You know and the and just the comfort and the flexibility of having you know, you know, obviously we remove Luke today and it's like all right Geo is our backup infielder today and he's in there It's like we got DJ that we can plug and play everywhere and wherever he goes You know, he plays it like a gold lover and some really really special plays today Left front row Roger just about the timing of of when Tanaka's Splitter started to flatten out. I mean, I can't imagine that given the number of pitches he thrown You were considering getting somebody up during that inning Did it happen pretty quickly and can you tell if he's gonna get it back when it does right? Sometimes he can certainly but I thought they started to see it. Well started take it You know, it just didn't look like it had the same bite on it You know, sometimes maybe you can find it within that because it wasn't a heavy workload to that point But then you know that inning really started to wear him down and I think that did play a factor You know, he's up over 30 pitches in that inning in that heat So, you know, I do think it got to be a little bit less crisp there Dave and when you were not to talk to Lloyd was he Was he dazed or shaken up or anything?   He know and And I'm not the doctors obviously so I don't want to but no right away. He seemed fine to me


In addition to participate and the possibility of giving this talk, I'm going to be telling you how to account for the certain part of contribution to the correlators of Wilson-Lupes in Ennicole IV, Super Young Emils. This is based on some recent work, mainly done with Pablo Pisani and Alan Rios Foukeman, both of them here in the audience, but moreover with some ongoing project, which is in collaboration also with them and Costia Saremba. So I guess at the starting point should be like try to motivate a little bit why to consider this problem. So while Wilson-Lupes are interesting gauge invariant observables in any gauge theory, because they come with very valuable physical information. For instance, you could use them to define the quark and the quark potential that describes the confinement properties of a gauge theory. You can also use it to define this Brestralum function that calibrates the power radiated by accelerated charges, or even in Ennicole IV Super Young Emils by considering certain life-like contours. You can relate expectation value of Wilson-Lupes with the gluen scattering amplitudes. So why to consider Wilson-Lupes in Ennicole IV Super Young Emils? Well, maybe the main reason to consider Ennicole IV Super Young Emils is that Ennicole IV Super Young Emils is a gauge theory in the prototypical example of ADSEFT. So if you want to learn about the correspondence, this is probably the case which is under good control to understand the structures underlying the correspondence. So and moreover, as I was telling us in the case of Ennicole IV Super Young Emils, you also have some Wilson-Lupes whose expectation values and even correlators between them can be computed exactly, exactly as a function of the coupling constant. And this is given that the ADSEFT correspondence is a weak and a strong coupling duality. Having exact results is crucial if you are interested in implementing some kind of precision test of it by comparing explicit computations in one side and the other of the duality. So maybe this is my main motivation, let me stress it. And then when you start to look for exact results concerning Wilson-Lupes in Ennicole IV Super Young Emils, as I was saying, there are many methods you could use. Maybe the most results were obtained using either integrability or localization methods. So what today I'm going to take a rather simpler and maybe bolder route, but very interesting anyway, which it has to do with just an explicit resumption of some kind of particular diagrams which we call ladder diagrams. Well, let me just sketch an outline of the talk, but I will start with just the definition of Wilson-Lupes and how are they defined in Ennicole IV Super Young Emils and then I will go into the details of deriving some integral Dyson equations for compute the contribution of ladder diagrams to the first, to the expectation value of a single Wilson-Lupes. Then I will extend just some ideas to write down Dyson equations for the contribution of ladder diagrams to the correlator of two Wilson-Lupes. Of course, you can go on and consider more correlators with more Wilson-Lupes and this is part of the ongoing project I was mentioning, but I will not discuss them today. One ingredient that is going to be crucial in what I'm going to be presenting today is that, as Nadab was saying, we will see when you define Wilson-Lupes in Ennicole IV Super Young Emils, you also specify, I mean, you also couple this external particle with some of the scalar fields of the theory, so you have to specify some orientation in the internal space. So when we consider the correlator of two Wilson-Lupes, we will take the two Wilson-Lupes with different internal space orientations, right? So we are going to introduce this internal space angle gamma and this is this gamma, it is this gamma that will allow us to go to specific critical cases or some parametric regime in which we can extract exact results. So to be more precise, you can find a critical angle in which the correlator becomes supersymmetric. So in that case, you can get exact results and moreover, you can show that the solution of your Dyson equation is going to coincide with the result obtained by supersymmetric localization. But then, oh, sorry, maybe another, maybe the most interesting part of our work is the existence of this other parametric limit, we will see it in detail, some limit in which of course ladder diagrams is not all you have to take into account, but in this parametric limit ladder diagrams are the leading order in some parametric limit, so they dominate. So if you, with some ladders, go to a strong coupling limit and then you compare with the string theory computation and then you can find an agreement between the two computations and this is our precision test. I was mentioning. Yes. No, we don't provide any physical interpretation, it's true, you need to, it amounts to some analytical continuation of this parameter, you need an imaginary gamma, I mean in the string theory it's weird because it's like an imaginary angle in the five-sphere, but from the perspective of the field theory it's just coupling the scalar field with an imaginary quantity or coefficient, but you might think of it if you want to, in the string theory side, you could think of changing the signature of one of the angular directions, but I mean it's like a trick to access a regime in which you can trust your ladder approximation, I'm not claiming more than that. So, well then I will just summarize and make some comments. So, okay, well what is the Wilson loop? The Wilson loop is just this path order exponential of the contour integral of the gauge potential. It measures some non-Avillian phase that acquires an external particle that is forced to move along some close contour and essentially it depends on two things, right? It depends on whether, on how do you take this trajectory and also it depends on what type of particle you make, you move along this close contour and this information is just encoded in the representation in which you take this trace. You can take this trace in different representations and this is what particle is moving around. So if everything I'm going to be telling you today has to do with the fundamental representation but you can consider other cases for those who were in the school last week, Diego was talking plenty of these other cases. So if you take the fundamental representation we were talking about quarks circulating in the loop. Okay, well, but then the physical interpretation of the expectation value of Wilson loop is typically depends on what contour do you take. So a few typical examples are if you take a very elongated rectangle you can, the expectation value you can use it to define the quark and the quark potential or you can take, sorry, this casp in the trajectory, this can allow you to define the casp anomalous dimension but if you consider like a wavy line I mean a trajectory which is slightly deviating for the straight line you can define the refraction function that was telling us about. There are many interesting contours but today I'm going to focus mainly on circular Wilson loops and the reason to focus in on this kind of circular Wilson loops is that for them you can get some exact results in order to implement some precision tests. So well, in an equal four super young means the kind is a little bit more than that because you have other fields in the action representation apart from the gauge potential. In particular you have six real scalar fields. So in principle you can define a Wilson loop in which the external particle also couples to the scalar fields and then if you do that you have to specify how do they couple so you have this additional if you want contouring internal space which is the coupling of the scalar fields is controlled by this R6 unit vector. Okay but then what would you like to do is to try to compute this expectation value of such Wilson loops in any equal four super young means well the reason to include in this I mean of course you can even in an equal four super young means you can consider the standard Wilson loops but this is just a matter of convenience if you include these scalars this coupling with the scalar fields you have a locally supersymmetric Wilson loops and this is the key I mean this is the reason why you can produce some exact results at the end of the day. So anyway you would like to compute expectation value of these objects in an equal four super young means and this is going to be in general a non-trivial function of the of the tuft coupling say and also the function of the of the rank of the gauge group but we will mainly work in the planar limit today. Okay what can you do? Well as usual if this coupling constant were small let's say much smaller than one you can just make a perturbative series expansion of it and you can compute it this is sketchily depicted by the contour with these Feynman diagrams accounting for different contribution of different orders you can do that but certainly this is only going to be valid in this in this machine but sometimes you could be in an opposite regime in which the tuft coupling or the coupling constant is very large and then you can this this perturbative approximation typically breaks down so but in those cases what you can do is to appeal to go and apply I use your ADSFT dictionary. So what is the dual picture of Wilson loop? Well we also heard about this last week typically in ADSFT it's a reformulation of your field theory in terms of some gravity theory in ADS in which the field theory input enters as a boundary condition for your gravity theory right. In the case of Wilson loops the precise prescription was given by Maldacena and Ray and G already in the early days in 1998 and they claim that expectation value of a Wilson loop in a fundamental representation is accounted by the partition function of a string whose open string whose end points and at the boundary of ADS on the contour that specifies the Wilson loop right. So if you want to compute now in the dual language expectation value of the Wilson loop you have to path integrate your string theory over all possible worship configuration subject to this boundary condition yes. Typically this is of course going to be very difficult but what you can do is as usual try to study this in some semi-classical approximation yes and then what is the semi-classic approximation is when this path integral is dominated by just the configuration that minimizes this action and this is like minimizing the area of the worksheet that ends on this contour but okay well this is in general not justified but it is so this semi-classical approximation is going to be a good approximation as long as you have a coefficient in front of the string action that becomes very large. So what coefficient do you have in front of the string action?  So the effective tension of the string is r squared over alpha prime and this is if you go to the ADS EFT dictionary the square root of your tuft coupling is defined as the Yang-Mills square times the rank of the gauge group. So then for this semi-classical approximation to be valid you need this effective tension to be very large and then this is the strongly capital regime from the field theory point of view. So of course you can go beyond this semi-classical approximation and this good amount to consider quant of fluctuations of the worksheet. I'm not gonna be discussing this but if you're interested in this kind of corrections there is a talk in the afternoon by Guillermo Silva talking about this. So but as I said my motivation was to implement some precision test but this is in general challenging because what I just said results typically are valid in opposite regimes. Then this one you can go to consider ladder diagrams. Ladder diagrams are their definition is they are five-man diagrams with no internal with no interaction that this is right. It's only propagator you consider. Of course this is a lot simpler than the most general case and in many cases this is a tractable problem and you can even resume it. The caveat is that in general this accounts only partially for expectation value of a Wilson loop. But as I said there are gonna be some specific cases in which the correlator for instance or the Wilson loop becomes supersymmetric and in those cases the ladder diagrams are the only contribution you get. All interaction diagrams cancel so the ladder diagrams are the exact answer for the expectation value of the Wilson loops. And also there is when we go to correlators and we play this parametric limit there are gonna be some regime in which although ladder diagrams are not the only things you get they are gonna be the leading order in some parametric expansion. So in these two cases you can resume it or compute the exact reservations of ladders go to a strong coupling limit and make a comparison with some string theory computation and you could observe that the two results actually agree. So yeah. So well this is I hope this is clear the idea of what I'm gonna be telling you now I'm gonna go to it's gonna be much more detailed so if there are questions about what I said so far or what is the motivation or the idea of the computation please. This is a good moment to ask. Okay so let us jump into the details. Let me let me define this non-Aurelian phase factor I called you is closely related to the to the Wilson loop but now it's an it's an in an open trajectory or an arc of some trajectory between two points is but it's still the path order exponential of this combination of the gauge field I'm gonna take I always take in this now the coupling with the scalar fields to be a constant along the along the trajectory and just take it to be in some particular direction. So generically this combination I'm gonna call it this operator O and we would like to compute the expectation value of the trace of this non-Aurelian phase. As I said this is gonna be directly giving you the expectation value of a Wilson loop if we now if you take T1 and T2 such that the two endpoints of the curve are the same so you are in a close curve this is gauging value and this is gonna be the the expectation value of the Wilson loop but in general is this other non-Aurelian phase U whose the expectation value of its trace is what we call W. So okay and then I would like to compute and I'm not gonna be computing exactly this but only the ladders diagonal contribution to this expectation value. So what you have to do is just to now you have this exponential you have to expand it the series of the Taylor expansion of the exponential and start to contract with propagators and never including any interaction diagrams. So well when you do that you of course now you have to take into account the propagators between scalar fields and gluons or gauge fields and as Nadab said you can combine them in an effective propagator so I think Nadab was calling it I am calling G but it's essentially the same the same object is so the propagator between two of these operators O between T and T prime and on the curve it's just an effective propagator G which typically depends on what what is the function X of T parameterizing this distrojectory. So I'm using this double line of tension to emphasize this the two indices of this of these operators O. Well let me just try to do a rederivation of the answer the result that Nadab presented that was the expectation value of a series of gluons was given by this special function. So this can be re-obtained with using these internal equations for the expectation value of this non-Avillian phase U. So the central thing is that this non-Avillian phase factor satisfies some recursion relation so the U between T1 and T2 is the identity plus this integral of U between T1 and some T that you're integrating between T1 and T2 of this insertion O. So what are you gonna do? Well you're gonna just take the trace compute expectation value and and start to do in start doing weak contractions so for instance if you take the trace of this recursion identity here you get just n here is the expectation value of the trace but since you would like to weak contract this O in T prime with some other O within U you have to split this U as a U between 0 and T second and an O in T second and then another U between T second and T prime and then you contract these two O's then you get this effective propagator and you get this and if you carefully follow the the contraction of color indices you get the expectation value of the trace of one U and the trace of the other. Now since you are interested in the large n limit you can argue that in the large n limit there is a factorization of this expectation value of two traces it's just the product of the expectation values of each of the traces independently. So but then this is again not this is what we already call W up to this normalization but this is a W of T second and this is a W of T prime minus T second so what we have obtained is that this W the expectation value of this non-Avillian phase has to satisfy this integral equation so still this is in general difficult to solve because of mainly because of this effective propagator here. So let me just because in the following examples I'm now going to go through the details but you can get an sketchy the diagrammatic interpretation of this and you could have a guess that this integral equation comes out. If you let me just schematically represent this expectation value of the non-Avillian phase W by this blue blob so which accounts all possible ways of contracting propagators planarly in this segment between zero and T. So this is what we would like to compute. So these diagrams are maybe a little bit confused this is an open arc and this dash line is just representing that the closure of the color index but it's not a it's an open arc if you want. But okay so you would like to compute this it could be that there is no propagator all along the line or if there is at least one you can call T prime the right most point in the segment that is contracted with the propagator. So if this is T prime so to the right of it there could be no propagators at all so you cannot insert nothing here and then you can call T second the other point that connects T prime with the propagator with another point it's gonna be to the left if T prime was the right most. And then you have this double line and then you can have propagators that start and end either in this segment or in this other segment but certainly you cannot connect them because if you have a propagator that starts here and ends here you will be crossing this blue line and that would be no planar. So this is a press this kind of diagrams would be a press in the planar limit so the only thing you can have is propagators within this interval and this is this W of t minus the second and you can also have propagators that start and then in the same in the segment between zero and t second and this is W of t second. And of course because of the of this the blue double line you have this this effective propagator. So you can if you see you can derive this kind of internal equation just yet by by looking pictures in this way. So but as I said this is in general very difficult but if when you go to the case of the circular Wilson loop there is some some magic and some simplifications due to that in the case of when you take this the paragraph to be a circle this effective propagator between O and T and T prime becomes just constant right and this is this constant. So when you go to this internal equation there's now the integral equations looks a lot simpler and then if you make just by simply making here in this case is the key or the the method to solve this this integral is the Laplace transform. If you do the Laplace transform of the integral equation what you get is just an algebraic equation which turns out to be a quadratic algebraic equation for the transformation of W of t. So it is what we are called W of z but it is very simple to solve this quadratic equation and then you you have an explicit expression for the Laplace transform of the function you would like to compute.  As I said if you would like to connect this with a circular Wilson loop now you have to take t such that the initial and the end point of this non-Aberian phase is the same and then you for the case of the circle this is when you evaluate the W and 2 pi now if you evaluate this W function in 2 pi you get precisely this Bessel function that Nadab showed to us earlier. So let me try to extend these ideas for the case what I said I was going to compute is the connected correlator of two circular Wilson loops. So the connected correlator is the correlator minus the product of the individual expectation values and I'm going to be considering two concentric circular Wilson loops like they here separated by a distance h in some transverse direction and you can even consider them to be of different radius they don't have to be the same but another thing that I'm going to introduce which is going to be crucial for our computation is that as I said the Wilson loops is is coupling with the scalar fields through this unit vector this R6 unit vector I'm going to take the coupling in the two loops to be in a different direction so let's say that we we we call that the first one is coupling in this direction the second one is coupling in a different point in the internal phase sphere forming an angle gamma with the the first one in the north pole.  So okay this this Dyson equations for the connected correlators in the case of a gamma zero has already been considered in the early days of ADSEFT by Sarambo but as I said with now we are going to turn on this internal space separation this is going to give you two things to to benefit from this it is possible to find a critical value of gamma such that this this correlator becomes supersymmetric and can be exactly computed for that particular critical case and we can also by taking this cos gamma very very large you can implement this this ladder limit in which you capture the full expectation value we just consider other diagrams. Okay but now still we are only considering ladder diagrams so we but now we have two different sort of effective propagators because say now we have these two loops we can have a propagator that connect two points on the same circle either the first one or the second but since they are circles these effective propagators which I called rainbows here and depicted with blue are gonna be just constant as before right those are gonna be the easy ones but then you also have the possibility of having a propagator that connect one point in the lower circle with one another point in the upper circle and these are the ones I'm gonna be calling ladders and of course for them in each now you have this non-trivial function of the difference between t and t prime and now we would like to compute this this the connected correlator of these two Wilson loops the quantity was closely related to that and this is the analog of what I defined w in the previous slide is this K of t with loosely you could call it a green function which is expectation value of two traces of two of any and two of any and phases one is the the complete contour so one is complete and that one is just an arc but then you take the trace and you close it then the connected correlator you want is going to be when you take this t parameter equal to 2 pi such that the two of are closed and this is going to be the connected correlator but then as you go you need that you will see that you also need to define this other green function which is looking similar but but the difference the main difference is that in this case the the two non-havillian phase factors are within the same single trace right and moreover then in this case no one of them is is is complete so it has an extension t this has an extension s and 5 is like a relative separation between the starting point of this one and the starting point of the other one okay let's see if we can derive some disson equation for these guys and eventually computed the the ladder contribution to the connected correlator to do that I'm not going to do in detail it just appeared to the schematic way of thinking so now I was graphically representing this green function k by a yellow blob and this other gamma green function by a purple blob so so this is what we would like to compute so at least since this is connected that there's going to be at least one point that is connected with some propagator going upstairs so there is going to be certainly at least one point in this segment zero and t with the propagator so let's call t prime the right most point in this segment that is contracted with one of those effective propagators so this is the prime so now that you have two possibilities this is contracted with a rainbow propagator that connects with another point in the same segment or a ladder propagator with that connects t prime with a with a point in the in the upper circle so when it is contracted with the t prime within the same segment you have also two different in principle ways of doing it because you can contract it like this or in this other way again since t prime is the right most you cannot have you have no propagators ending on this between t prime and t but you can have propagators in this segment and this other segment you cannot cross this other line the blue the other line otherwise it could be non-planner so for instance here the propagator that ends in points between t second and t prime they could only be this blue bubble the blue blue blob that keeps you a w u of t minus t prime and then what you have here it's just the same structure as here but now instead of being between zero and t it's just between zero and t prime and then you have like the traces for in each of them so this is like this the integral with of w of t minus t prime with with k of t second and of course you have to integrate for all possible values of t prime and t second such that t second is to the left of t prime this one looks a little bit different but if you change coordinate you can show that these two guys are exactly the same and that's why you have a factor of two here and this is if you want the first term is a the contribution of these two possibilities the third the second term is just the possibility of this right most point in the in the interval zero t connected with the ladder propagator we with a point bar five in the in the interval zero to pi but now if you see now you follow the lines you realize then you you can have all possible ways of throwing propagators here and there but now if you follow the line you see that they are in a single trace and that's why this is now a green function gamma this auxiliary gamma function and then whenever in the case is when we connected with the blue line we just get a factor of g here I don't have the definition of g g is this lambda missed it so I'm calling g this this combination is just this combination so whenever you have a blue a blue rainbow you have g and whenever you have a green ladder you have this effective propagator g large g so but then you see this is like a not it's not a closed integral equation because it relates k with an integral of k but then you have this integral that involves gamma so you need like to derive like an integral equation for gamma and you can do it in the same way so you start with the object you would like to compute and then think of all possible ways of contracting propagators within this single trace and it could be well maybe there is no propagator connecting the lower with the upper interval or arc and in that case if there is no propagators going from downstairs to upstairs the only thing you could have is a blob a blue blob downstairs and a blue blob upstairs so this is just this term w of t w of s but then if if if there are going to be ladders let's call t prime the right most so you're going to get a t prime that connects a ladder diagram that connects t prime with some five plus s prime point in the after in the upper segment but since this is the right most to the right you can have propagators but no one could be ladder so here you have a blue blob and you are gonna get another blue blob there and then what you get here is essentially the same structure but just we restricted restricted intervals and then you have to of course move t prime over all possible values between zero and t and s prime between all possible values between zero and s so this is the first time and here you get this these are the blue blobs w of t minus t prime w of s minus s prime you got the effective a propagator from this green line and then you got essentially the same guy but evaluated in t prime and s prime and this is a close integral equation because now these are known those are those special functions the only unknown is just gamma so if you manage to solve this that's the first step of your procedure you have to solve for gamma once you solve for gamma you could go to the integral equation of of k and then try to solve for k and finally evaluate it in 2 pi and you're gonna get the ladder contribution to the connected corrector of two loops as you can imagine doing this in the general case could be still very tricky and very difficult so let me discuss so not the general case but some specific cases the first specific case is this critical value I was mentioned so there is if you define this cost beta cost beta in terms of this geometrical parameters of the of the loops you see that effective propagators is written in this way and it is obvious that if you take cos gamma equal to minus cos of beta this become just constant and it's the same constant as before up to a sign so this is again a major simplification for your dyson equation for gamma for instance now you do the same you Laplace transform the integral equation for gamma you do Laplace transform for both variables s and t and then you get an algebraic equation for the Laplace transform the double Laplace transform of this auxiliary green function gamma that is those are the Laplace transforms of the vessel functions so those are known so you just have to anti transform this looks complicated but at the end of the day when you do this Laplace transformation anti transformation you get that this auxiliary gamma in this critical case is just the same vessel function but evaluated in t minus s so then as I said you have to go to the integral equation for k solvage and finally evaluated in 2 pi you do it and then you get some this quadratic expression in vessel functions right so this is the exact resumption or ladder of ladder diagrams in this critical case still you may be worried that this is not taking into account interaction diagrams but you can claim that interaction diagrams also for the connected corrector cancel and just to justify this you can show that this precise critical value of this internal space separation is the one that makes the corrector supersymmetric what I mean so when you have two Wilson loops silver Wilson loops with different orientations they are half VPS each one but they preserve different set of supersymmetries in general but if you take this critical angle that relates the internal space separation with the spatial separation space time separation it becomes supersymmetric so you can use the common supersymmetry to localize and this is what I'm already pointed out by pestum and it was working in detail in this other work by John B pestum and Richie for the connected correlator and essentially you localize to the same matrix model that we Diego Tranganelli was telling us last week in the school which is simply a Gaussian matrix model and then if you would like to compute the connected correlator you now you have to compute the expectation value of this matrix model of two insertions of two traces of this exponential of this this matrix of the matrix model and if you do that you get of course the exact expression that is quadratic on the vessel functions okay and of course this is indicating that interaction diagrams cancer so but as I said maybe the most interesting thing was to go into this ladder limit what is the ladder limit well it is it is the generalization of an idea that we implemented for the casp Wilson line but it's essentially the same so you could define a limit in which cost is cost of gamma goes to infinity and the coupling goes to zero such that lambda hard which is the product of the two is fixed so for instance consider the two loop contributions you have three possible kind of contribution you can you could have two ladders a ladder and a rainbow or some interaction so this one comes with two cost gammas so it's lambda hard square but this one cast comes with lambda square but only one cost of gamma so it's lambda hard over cost gamma so the same with the interaction there so if cost gamma is a very large number these two diagrams are suppressed in comparison with this one right so the conclusion is that if you're in this ladder limit you can dismiss not only diagrams with vertices but also any diagram and contain it some rainbow so it's not only that you consider propagators but you consider only propagators that connect the two loops so it means in our internal equation that whenever we we route W with that should be replaced by one because now rainbows are also sub leading so then the internal equation for instance for the auxiliary function gamma is very simple it's simpler so you don't have gamma here not in the interior not in the inside the integrals then you can just get translate the internal equation into a differential equation but taking partial derivative with respect of s and t and because now you have that this g function depends only on the difference you introduce this change of coordinates you make this ansatz and for this function gamma of x you get like a children equation where the potential is minus this g function that was given by the effective potential the effective propagator so of course solving this in the general case could be difficult this is a periodic potential but since we are interested in making a precision test we would like to study this not exactly as a function of lambda but it could be nice but we are at least interested in the strong coupling limit of this and when you take the strong coupling limit of this since you have a gamma in this in this g effective propagator is like a having a very deep well so this is just dominated by the semi classic by the classical approximation in which the particle is going to be localized at the minimum of the potential and and and the again but it's going to be just the the height of the potential so you have this gamma is just this exponential of the the height of the potential and then you have like a a periodic delta function and then when you have this approximate solution for this auxiliary gamma you go to the question for k solve it evaluate it in 2 pi and then you get that the connected correlator or at least the ladder the ladder contribution the strong coupling limit is this exponential of a square root of gamma and something you would have expected the square root of cos gamma and this is a square root of this combination of the geometrical parameters so I don't have time to go through the details but you of course you can try to analyze the same thing by doing the semi classical string theory computation now you have to compute it like a worksheet that connects to circles that are separated along this distance x but seems you do also have this this separation internal space you have to include this motion in this internal angle okay you make an answer you impose proper boundary conditions and then you realize that there are two constant of motion that essentially relate to the two geometrical parameters h and gamma and everything is related through some elliptic functions and I don't have time to discuss this but let me just go directly to the to the ladder limit you realize that now if you take one of these constant of motion is going to be very large then you this the relations simplified and then you got this cos gamma is 81 minus s s has to be taken this interval if you now look at the regularize action that was also an elliptic function becomes simply this so now if you use this relation to write the square root of t you get this and then if you look at what is the relation between s and the geometrical parameters in this large t limit you get this relation and then when you plug this inside this expression you get exactly exactly the same result that we we got for the strong coupling limit of the ladder resumption so let me just then go to the summary of what I said so the main the main thing is that the best moment for me there was a thing that I learned that the resumption of ladder diagrams can be always studied through some Dyson equations some internal Dyson equations which are in general difficult to solve but in our case there was this critical case in which the resumption of ladders could be computed can be computed exactly this case was you can show the it is super symmetric super symmetric and then moreover you see that the ladders resummations of course coincides with the with the it's the full answer and it coincides with the very study obtained with the matrix model and then maybe the most interesting thing is that it's the existence of this parametric limit in which although ladder the answer in this regime is not the the full answer is the leading order answer and then you you can go to a strong coupling limit and make an explicit successful explicit comparison with with the minimal area of the dual string so this is a precision test and let me emphasize that it is a precision testing in a supersymmetric case I made it for the circular Wilson loop but it's quite likely that these ideas can be extended for any arbitrary Wilson loop so that's in the sense is a very general kind of of precision test but okay that was all what I wanted to say thank you for your attention


On the 24th of October, the IEA will release its 2023 edition of the World Energy Outlook. The annual outlook provides insights into every aspect of the global energy system. This year's WIO explores how structural economic shifts are affecting the outlook for different fuels and technologies. Including peaks in demand for coal, oil and natural gas based on today's policy settings and the implications in areas such as investment. Electrification, energy access and efforts to achieve international climate goals. In particular, the 2023 World Energy Outlook will examine the evolving nature of energy security 50 years after the foundation of the IEA. And what needs to happen at COP28 later this year in Dubai to keep the door open to 1.5 degrees? We look forward to presenting the findings of the report to you.


So this is a follow-up video and a test. I just recorded that video where I talked about Android permissions And I actually recorded it three times because I kept getting distracted by other things and then I got inside and I uploaded I looked at the quality was horrible I just switched the camera apps on my phone and I'm using the default one on linear Joe s and Apparently if you click the face detect button in the camera app It sets your video quality to standard rather than HD So I apologize for the quality on that video and I'm hoping that this one is better now that I've turned off that face attention so thanks for watching and Again, I'm sorry. It is sunny right now, and I hope that you have a great day


In July, legislation took effect in Florida loosening firearm restrictions as gun violence across the state continues to surge. Gun rights advocates and constitutional attorney Eric Friday recently spoke to us about the importance of the Second Amendment, contending it's one of the most important rights granted to U.S. citizens. Today, Jacksonville residents and policy advocates join us to discuss the human impact of the Second Amendment and the consequences of lax gun restrictions that it has on our community. So joining us today are Katie Hathaway of Moms Demand Action. She's a volunteer. Hello, Katie. Good morning, Al. Thanks for having us. Of course. And Crystal Turner, local gun violence survivor and Moms Demand Action volunteer. Hello, Crystal. Hey, Al. Thanks for having us. And on the phone, we've got AJ Jordan, outreach coordinator for Mad Dads in Jacksonville. AJ, how are you? I'm doing good. Al, how are you? Good. Thank you so much for calling in. So before we dive into the nuts and bolts of this conversation, because it's a really big and meaty conversation, I want to ask all of you like how you got involved in this work, like what called you to it? And I'll start with Katie. People come to this movement all the time for various reasons. And I will share how I came to Moms Demand Action. It was back when my now seventh grader, he was seven years old at the time.  And I knew I could no longer sit on the sidelines and continue to watch the devastation play out on the news every single day and not do anything. So I scheduled a meeting with my state lawmaker at the time. He called himself the Florida gun lawyer, and I knew I was going to need some facts going into that meeting, not just my sheer raw emotions as a mother who was outraged. And so that's where I found Moms Demand Action. And I was able to bring those facts to that meeting with my state lawmaker. And I started a local group here and I since met far too many survivors of gun violence. And these are mothers and fathers who've lost their children using their pain and their voices, quite frankly, for change. And so once I met them, I knew I could not step away and I'm in this for the long haul. AJ, can you tell me how you ended up in this line of work? Well, actually, I come from my family has a nonprofit in Long Beach, California, my adopted father was in the Black Panther Party and started a nonprofit in California. But then I moved to Jacksonville, got married and my wife was used to be a journalist here in Jacksonville, Florida. And she met Donald Floyd, a mad dad, and she came home and was excited about this man that was making a difference in our community instead. It would be a good place for me to start my service in Jacksonville. So I joined Mad Dads in 2005. And last but definitely not least, Crystal, can you tell me how you got involved in this work? I became involved in this work. April 1st, 2015, when two of my adult children, my daughter, Jenae, at that time was 29 years old and my son, Donnell, was 23 years old at that time. We're both murdered together in a double homicide. And like Katie said, being personally impacted and outraged, I began to advocate in my community because I didn't want anyone else to share that experience, the heartache, the heartbreak. All of the emotions that a victim's family goes through after they've lost someone suddenly, tragically, and violently to gun violence. I found Mom's Demand Action around 2016, where I shared my story at a local event and became joined at the hip. They have been an amazing organization to me to help educate me not on just my personal story, but how I can use my personal story to impact good common sense gun laws that can change communities and save lives. Yeah. But first of all, I'm so sorry for your loss. Thank you. In the loss of a child, I can only imagine the devastation in every single part of your life. And to lose both of your children at that time is just, I am not sure how you move forward through the day. That's got to be extremely difficult. It is. Every day is a new day. And we often coined the phrase of now living a new normal without your children. It is not just the emotion of burying a child, but it is oftentimes having to be present and understanding a system that you, from a distance, only knew of or only seen on TV. And now you find yourself sitting in that seat as a plaintiff along with whatever state you're in. You find yourself now dealing and reeling with probate court. So many different things and just trying to figure out life. And in my situation, both of my children left children. So I am now a part of what's called grand families and parenting a second time around. They also left two other siblings that while I was grieving, I had to try and figure out as a mother, how do I support them? How do I support the nieces and nephews? And how do I support my community who was also impacted in the loss of my children? Because my daughter was a business owner in the community. So in doing childcare at the time, there were hundreds of children who were impacted and having to be uprooted from a place that they came every day from a consistency of staff and teachers to now be moved somewhere else. And we don't think about those impacts when we talk about the fact that gun violence does not just affect the victim or the victim's family, that it impacts the community. There were jobs that were removed. There was income that was taken away from people for a period of time that they now had to make adjustments. There were my grandchildren and myself who had to make adjustments in how we were going to live, where we were going to live. So there are so many different difficult conversations and adjustments that you have to make in a very short time period while also trying to still figure out and take in the fact that this experience has actually happened to you. So it's being present and being aware while dealing with your emotions. Yeah. We can have all sorts of conversations about gun violence in the community. But I think when you speak to somebody who has had to live through it, it really takes on a different tone. I mean, like it's all theory and numbers until we get down to the actual human cost of it. Yes. Recently, like a couple of weeks ago, it's always been my plan to I am a firm believer in this show being a place where we can have conversations and dive into deep topics. And a couple of weeks ago, I had a lawyer on who is a Second Amendment constitutional attorney, who's very much a gun advocate, Eric Friday. And my idea was to talk to him and then, you know, talk to you guys and really kind of give shape to this to this question that we're dealing with. And when I was talking to Eric, one of the things that he brought up was the first Second Amendment and the right to bear arms. Let me play some tape from that interview so you can hear exactly what he said. Number one, we made a decision a long time ago in this country that the right to bear arms is a right that all citizens have. We've not always lived up to that. But I believe that that is the ultimate right that we have. It is the right that protects every other right we have. So that's Eric's take on Eric Friday's take on gun rights in this country and the Second Amendment. Katie, how would you respond to that? We're the Second Amendment. We're not trying to take away anyone's rights, but rights come with responsibility. And we we also have the ultimate right to go out in public and feel safe from gun violence, go to the grocery store, go to church, go to concerts, go to school and not die. Yeah, I was recently talking to a friend of mine and she was telling me that her her daughter, who I believe is in first grade, had done an active shooter drill. And it just kind of broke her heart that she has to have this conversation. With her daughter, AJ, it seems like the the active shooter drills, they've proliferated in the last, I don't know, decade or so. What do you think that says about America? I think it says that we are in a state where our children don't feel safe at school. And we have to have these drills so they would know what to do. Just to say somebody come in with with guns shooting at them. So they have to have bulletproof backpacks and deaths and know how to hide under the desk and all these different things they have to do now. You know, and it takes away from their learning because they sitting in class wondering about a shooter and seller learning their math and the English. So it has really devastated our students and America in general. Yeah, listen, listeners out there, you can join the conversation. You can call us at 549-2937. You can tweet us at FCC on air. First Coast Connect at WJCT.org. You can find us on Facebook and Instagram. Just to push back a little bit when we're talking about guns, I would say that, like, I don't think it's confined to one demographic or to one community. I would just say that, like, where we are right now with the world. It feels like it's a little bit unraveling around us. Like, all the things that we thought that were norms are kind of going away. And it makes people fearful. It makes people think that, like, I need to worry about protecting myself. And so people want to go out and they they they want to protect their families. Recently, we've seen all throughout Jacksonville a lot of murders happening and then murders, like, you know, I mean, I think that when we talk about Jacksonville and we talk about gun violence, I could be going out on a limb here. But I think that they're because Jacksonville is so spread out that it'd be really easy for a lot of people to not worry and think about gun violence if they don't live in certain neighborhoods. But then things happen that, like, cross over and everybody gets upset and wants to talk about it. But if it's not happening in their neighborhood specifically, we don't really have these conversations about the way gun violence is affecting people in Jacksonville. So those are two different things that I brought up. One is that, like, fear people. And I think that fear is not, you know, is not crazy. I think that people have genuine fear about the way the world is going right now. And so with that fear, they want to find ways to protect themselves and their families. And then the second part of it is that gun violence in Jacksonville specifically tends to be concentrated in certain neighborhoods. And the rest of the city just really doesn't want to think about it a lot. You got to take either one. It's multiple choice to choose your your your adventure. So when you speak about. Gun violence happening in Jacksonville and different communities. That's an accurate statement and that unfortunately, until it actually knocks at your door, we don't necessarily get involved because we like to believe that it would never happen in our community. But we also know it to be very true that in certain zip codes, it is happening more frequently and more often than we would like it to have. Then we would like it to have and it's happening in two different forms that is also very challenging. We first have what we call community violence, which is just a gun violence that's happening in a community for a different array of reasons, which doesn't excuse the fact that it's happening. But it's something that we have to deal with. And when we deal with that, we have to also think about economics. We have to think about housing. We have to think about job security. We have to think about the systemic racism that our communities go through in some of the areas here in Jacksonville. Then we have the other set of violence that's happening that is more on the arise than we all like to think about. And that is when people of color are now being targeted simply because of the color of their skin. That's even more hard to acceptable to accept because I happen to be a black woman and there's nothing I can do about changing the color of my skin or asking someone to not like me or want to be my friend simply because of the way I was born. And I happen to be born with a little bit more melaton than someone else. When we think about that type of gun violence, that's a gun violence that we don't like having that uncomfortable conversation because to have that conversation, then we have to talk about and admit that racism still does exist in our communities. And as someone who's migrated from the north to the south, it has been a very big concern to me for my grandson. And now I have to say even for my granddaughter, there was a period when we thought that the black man simply by being born was a concern that we thought that as that black young man grew up and became a young man, that his life was going to be taken, that he may not make it to the age of 18, let alone 25 because of gun violence.  And when we think about the most recent shooting, which was the shooting at the Dollar General over by Edward Waters University, personally, I was impacted because it took me back to my own loss. But it made me even more fearful because I work in a local grocery store here and since that day, my emotions and my anxiety is probably on 200 percent because I keep thinking I could be the first victim because I'm near the door. Yeah. Katie, when I'm thinking about like what I was talking about earlier with the idea that like people are afraid and when people are afraid and and worried about taking care of their family, you know, a gun having a gun in the house feels like feels like an action that you can take to like protect your your children. Absolutely. And I will just I people have that right, obviously. But I also have to point out that the gun lobbies extreme interpretation of the Second Amendment has helped get us to the situation where we have more guns than people in this country. And we have lawmakers sitting on their hands, refusing to take action. And we can we have to stop voting for these people because we know action can be taken to address this crisis that we're in. Children are literally bearing the burden of inaction from our lawmakers. And it's unacceptable. Yeah, we're going to go to the phones. We've got Jeff in Arlington. Jeff, how are you this morning? I'm well. How are you? Good. Thank you. So and I'm sorry to ask that. I know it's radio and you shouldn't ask that. But so you can totally ask how I am. I think it's friendly. It's good. Well, yeah, but you're not supposed to do those things. So gun violence. So so I the only gun I have in my house is a 12 game shotgun that has I can put three shells in. And and if somebody comes into the house, that's a deterrent. But I don't believe that you need like what we have in. Well, the the. Culture that you need a handgun that holds. I don't know how many rounds. And you don't need it to go out with. And that's the problem with what's going on. And I don't think it's a a community thing, because it happened in Arlington. It happened at Deerwood. Kid was shot, you know, I don't know how long ago now. But for playing his music too loud at the at the gas, the gate in Deerwood. So these things happen all over. It's not. To me, it's not a particular neighborhood. It's everywhere. I you know, I think worldwide. Yeah, no, Jeff, it definitely is an epidemic throughout the United States. I think that when you look at like the statistics and numbers of where it happens in Jacksonville, it leans towards certain areas of town. But absolutely, like it definitely affects every part of Jacksonville. Yeah, just the idea that, like, you know, when you look at like the zip codes of where the majority of the violence happens, it tends to happen in certain neighborhoods. But yes, your point is well taken. Thanks so much for calling in, Jeff. Thanks, Al. And we've got another call. We're going to go to Stanley on the north side. Stanley, how are you doing this morning? Yes, I'm doing fantastic to everybody. We can talk about this crime situation, but I'm a little paw about the attorney when he made the comment. It's the utmost law that needs to take place in America. I thought freedom of speech, the right for people to be able to say what needs to be said. And the reason why I'm saying this for the simple thing that when it comes to guns, until we do something about the guns, we need to decrease guns in America because it's so easy for people to be killed. Thank you, Stanley. Thank you so much for calling in to Stanley's point. And Katie, something that you said earlier, that like we have more guns in this country than we have people. And so, you know, but I guess the bigger question that I have when it comes to that is because gun culture is so much a part of the fabric of American life, how do you take that out? And it feels to me like it has to be a national solution because when you look at like, let's say a city or a state like Illinois that has really gun laws on the books that they that they absolutely, you know, I don't want to say administer, but they absolutely enforce. And you see the violence happening in that state. And then when you look at like the gun violence, the guns that come in, they tend to come in from states that don't have as much gun restrictions and gun laws like literally like you've got Illinois right here that Indiana is right next to it. And Indiana does not have the same laws. So if we do it state by state, it doesn't feel like it's actually going to decrease the violence. You're absolutely right about that. And people love to point to Chicago when we're talking about the gun violence and those states surrounding Illinois, like you said, do have lack of gun laws. And so we absolutely need to tackle this at the federal level, implement stronger laws at that level. But we also know that our advocacy work, the way we do it is a top down bottom up approach. We need sustained investment in the communities most impacted. And we know that change happens first and foremost at the local level. And so I want to point out to you, too, like Florida has a preemption law. And so our local governments are completely their hands are tied. They can't do anything to regulate guns or ammunition. But I always say that action can be taken still to reduce violence. And that's sustained investment. And then also investing in community violence intervention programs. These are the boots on the ground organizations doing the heavy lifting in this movement every single day to reduce violence in Jacksonville. I want to understand a little bit about the the takes that your organizations have on guns in the community. So as moms demand action, are you guys asking like specifically? Let me not put any words in your mouth. Specifically, what are you asking legislators to do? Like what is the number one thing on your legislative agenda? I mean, like I said, we absolutely need change at that federal level. But we are most and foremost advocating for those community violence intervention programs, the funding. I want to point out that our governor vetoed five million dollars from the state budget that was earmarked for community violence intervention. It was passed bipartisan this past session. So that's shameful. And he's also one of few states that has not applied for up to 15 million dollars in federal grant funding to come down here to address gun violence. And those are our taxpayer dollars not coming back to our state to address this. So I just want to highlight that. But also, like you said, federal, we need to close background check. Blue polls are law was written well before there was an online marketplace. Federal red flag law. We need to reinstate the assault weapons ban, the bipartisan assault weapons ban that we had in place back in 1994. And Congress let sunset after 10 years and didn't renew it. But then we also, like we said, state level, we need to advocate for stronger laws. They rolled them back last session. They passed permitless carry and went against the will of the majority of Floridians in the state. We're going to go to the phones. We've got Dave. Dave, how are you today? I'm doing great. Thanks for taking the call. And before I say anything, I just want to offer my sincere condolences to the lady who lost her children. You have lived my worst fear. Recently, we had a scare at the school where we're located in Georgia. And my wife called. She was picking our children up and she said, the police have surrounded the building. There's about 40 cops here and they are clearing the buildings. And the horror that, you know, just as a parent, there's nothing you can do. And it, you know, one of the things that came forward, but there was a young man and he had made a threat.  And so he's fallen through the cracks. And so I and I'm a huge advocate for common sense gun laws.  Yeah, sure. Great. All for the second, then wonderful. Fantastic. There's no reason we can't have common sense gun laws. One of the things I always, and this is my question is, is, well, you know, what are we doing to really impact these young men's lives because violence tends to be perpetuated predominantly by young men. And just to just to thought, you know, the rampant fatherlessness and the lack of good role models in these in these children's lives is really contributing to the problem. And I'd love to hear, you know, if there's a program or any any type of organization that's really attempting to address those familial bonds. Thanks so much, Dave. Thanks so much for calling in. AJ, do you want to take this one? Yeah, I take this one. Madness, we have a program called Black Top and those coincide with our Santa Clause of Life Skills program. What we do, we take young young men from five to 18 years old. We get them on the basketball court just to get them in. We teach them fundamentals of basketball, you know, team playing from there. We take them into the classroom and we teach them the conflict, resolutions, we teach them how to self-evaluate themselves. We teach them how to apply for jobs. We take them on field trips. We have mentors that come in and talk to them from the sheriff's department to the fire department, to lawyers, to the TV radio personality. So we have we have programs. I guess what we are lacking is like most nonprofit organizations, it's funding. We have a good program to get the kids in. But without funding, it's hard to maintain that. Crystal, you nodded your head when he was talking about funding. Yeah, that's the biggest problem. We have amazing nonprofits that are boots on the ground, that are doing the work every day that unfortunately, we don't get. We don't hear a lot of conversation about those local organizations such as Mad Dad, such as Silent Women's Speaking, such as families, the slain children, all of these organizations. The problem that we have is that when it comes to funding, oftentimes we are blocked because of the application process. We're blocked because of restrictions that make it difficult for the funding. As Katie mentioned earlier, when our governor did not take advantage of the federal funding that was allotted for the state of Florida. That is a hindrance when we talk about programs like Mad Dads who are out there and they're doing the work 24 hours a day. We receive phone calls. Some of the other programs that are existing that are being created in terms of intervention intervention is we're working towards the mental health pieces by putting together more peer support groups for families who need the emotional support, whether that be the perpetrator, the perpetrator's family, as well as the victim and the victim's families, because we also understand that when violence happens, gun violence, especially in a community, it is not just the family that's impacted. It is the whole community. So we have to look at this as a whole piece and the funding has to be there in place to help these small, local boots on the ground, nonprofit organizations with millions of dollars, not just a couple of thousands of dollars to fund a program. So we are talking about gun violence today. And with me, I have Katie Hathaway from Moms Demand Action, a volunteer, Crystal Turner from a local gun violence survivor and Moms Demand Action volunteer and AJ Jordan, outreach coordinator for Mad Dads in Jacksonville. So a couple of weeks ago, I had Eric Friday, who is a gun advocate and a lawyer who talks a lot about the Second Amendment. And one of the things he said was really interesting to me. And I want to play this for my panel. This is Eric just talking about the numbers when it comes to gun violence. There's a saying, figures lie and liars figure to come up with 400 mass shootings. We have to include things like gang violence, which is a very disparate and definite, separate thing from active killer situations. The solutions that we need for active killers, like the dollar general situation versus what we need to address gang violence are two very different things. The same solutions do not work for both. Katie, I'm going to give that to you. What do you think? I just want to remind Mr. Friday that these are human lies we're talking about. These are not statistics. And I know Crystal can weigh in on that on personal standpoint. I would say to Mr. Friday, say that to the mother. Who is getting notification that her child's life has just been taken. Say that to the sibling. Who hears on social media that their sibling has just been murdered. Say that to the mom who's standing over a white sheet and wondering is that her child? Say that to me who drove up to the scene. And seeing my daughter's body laying in a pool of blood in the middle street and my son covered in a white sheet when I had only been away from them for 20 minutes. And the last thing I remember is them smiling and us laughing. We're not just numbers. Our loved ones are not just numbers. They are people who we not only loved. But now we're finding ways to live without them that will never, ever get them back and that people like Mr. Friday have turned into a number. But these are people who have names. These are people who were loved, still are loved and are very much missed. When it comes to gun violence and to the people who lose their lives over it, I think what happens and I'm just, you know, speaking about society and the whole like you just had the mass shooting here in Jacksonville and I think, you know, for a couple of weeks, we're all thinking about those families and we all, you know, we care and I think we continue to care. But our focus goes away from that because life is busy and everybody gets caught up in their own lives and their own, you know, things that are going on or something else in the news takes our attention and and as journalists, like we move on to the next story, like we don't stay on that story as long as the pain that the family has to feel like that doesn't end. Like it doesn't like like the moment we report on it and then we move on to the next thing that family is left with that tragedy with that black hole in the middle of their family that they have to figure out and reorganize their whole lives around. And then it gets turned into a number and then that number doesn't have names. It doesn't have heart. It doesn't have emotion to it. And we just keep going. And it seems that in this nation, even as the numbers go up, the action stays the exact same. We don't do anything with that. I'm going to go to the phones. We've got Susan on the east side. Susan, how are you this morning? I'm great. This is Suzanne. How are you, Al? I'm good. I knew this was you. How are you doing? I'm doing pretty good. Thank you so much for having this conversation, my condolences to those families who've lost loved ones and kudos to those who are being proactive in this mission. You guys are aware of the challenges that we have in the east side of gun violence, whether it's gang related, gun violence or community rated gun violence. I agree that gun violence is just that. And I echo the sentiment and I'd like to ask of the gentleman that has mad dad to come to the east side to assist us in this work. We have two apartment complexes that we purchase, lift jacks with a partner. And there are several issues of gun violence in those apartments, but there are also several youth not in those apartments, but also just in the neighborhood as a whole that can really use the mentorship and the assistance. Suzanne, thanks so much for calling in. I have a bigger, like harder question, right? So when I think about gun violence and and politics and all of these things, I tend to I tend to be pessimistic. I tend to think that like it's not going to change because we saw what happened in Newtown with, you know, all these kids who were killed, horrible, horrible tragedy that, you know, for me, like just thinking about it, just, you know, and we didn't do anything. Let me rephrase like our politicians didn't do anything. We talked about it. We had big debates, but nothing actually changed. And so my question to you, my panel is, how do you keep doing this work when examples like that tell you that like this country or at least the political class of this country really has no power or let me say rephrase that no will to change anything. I can echo that 100 percent and it's it can be extremely frustrating. This work is not easy. It's we organize through tears a lot of the time because we are humans as well. And we are seeing that our nation is traumatized. It's literally bleeding and and our lawmakers are not doing much on this. And I I know it's hard to say like not changes in happening, but there are little increments happening. We passed the bipartisan Safer Communities Act last year, Congress first time in decades. So that was significant, even though it was a baby step and we know there's more work to do. And unfortunately, change is set up to happen very slowly, especially at the federal level. And that can be extremely frustrating. But I refuse to let this be our norm over the only nation in the world that has this crisis. And has normalized children guns being the number one killer of kids. That's not OK.  We're going to go to the phones. We've got Jean and Jack speech. Jean, how are you this morning? I'm good. Thank you. I just wanted to do a little commentary about Mr. Friday's comment about one solution isn't doesn't address all gun violence. And I think the people that you have on today absolutely show that we're talking about violence, interruptors and supporting young men and young children or young people growing up that addresses some of the socioeconomic issues and the mentoring issues, the laws, gun laws, like background checks. Background checks help stop gun trafficking, which then stops some of the gun violence, the crime gun violence. So I think all of these groups are working at multiple ways. No one's saying there's one magic solution. There are multiple solutions, just like in every safety organization or every safety program, we have to plug all of the holes. And I think all of these organizations are doing just that. Jean, thanks so much for calling in.  And I just want to address issue with the gun issue here is we also have to deal with illegal guns that in our community, that's really when we talk about community crimes and stuff like that, a lot of those guns that's being used are stolen out of cars and houses and in nature. So we have to educate, we have to continue to educate our public to take their guns out their cars and lock them up in their house safely and and and keep them out of reach of children. We we haven't really talked about that. And that could help reduce some of the gun violence if we just do those simple things. Yeah, thank you, AJ. We're going to go to the phones. We've got Beko and Jacksonville. Beko. Oh, hey, how are you doing, man? Thanks for allowing me to come on here today.  Beko is a young man that I've mentored back when he was what? How old were you, 12? Yeah, 12. And now he's a grown man calling into my show. How you doing, man? Hey, man, I'm doing well, man. Good to hear your voice and you are doing well. And I'm glad that I called in, you know. So I've been working as a gun as an outreach for a gun violence prevention program here on the East side.  But we still what I have been struggling with is our city leader not able to have that urgent, that urgent response when some of these some of these youth lead that have been sparing for gun violence. Instead, you know, we we go through hurdle as an outreach. I have to call a million people have to go this have to go that when a lot of our issues that a lot of young young people, you know, go through, you need a urgent response. I mean, immediate.  Or today or tomorrow, they might end up dying. So, you know, just just being in that work and just kind of experiencing some of the participants that have lost their lives, participants that also have killed somebody. So, you know, this this work, it takes a lot of it takes a lot of mentally, you know, spiritually take a lot of hold on me. And sometimes I just wonder, like, how do I continue to be in this work? But at the same time, you remember when I got shot.  You've been right, right. So being that way, I got shot when I was 15 then turn around at 17 year old, got shot again. So, you know, one of the one of the comments came on here and then said about how assess it is for youth to get guns. You know, so we live in the culture of guns. We see them advertised everywhere we go. We have gun fair come out everywhere, every year here. So if those things are already in place, so we need to work on getting to the youth and educating them at the real tender age. So if I was knowing about gun violence and gun safety while I was young, it would probably most likely prevent me from either picking up a gun or, you know what I'm saying, just thinking about me having a gun to go retaliate is a means of ending my conflict. Bika, we have to wrap up this segment. Thank you so much for calling in. I'm gonna let my panel respond to you. I think when we talk about just what Bika said and what Al said, when we think about the determined and that road to getting intervention programs, it comes from our politicians who are not well connected within the communities that they serve. And what I mean by that is that if you've never been impacted by gun violence personally, you don't see the other side of it, of how it makes you feel, then of course you don't understand that it's a real existing thing. Thank you so much. Katie Hathaway, Crystal Turner and AJ Jordan. Thank you so much for coming in and talking to me about this big issue.


Bob, are you watching the baby? Of course! That's what you're paying me for! Mama? Dada? Why Bob need money? Because Bob never acquired marketable skills and money doesn't grow on trees. You majored in performing arts, Ron. Why not just quit more money? Then Bob can have some more. Actually! Printing more money can be a very bad idea. It results in the money that we already have losing its value. Yeah, but so what? Isn't the government printing more money all the time to benefit their interests? That's better than them taxing us, isn't it? You sure about that? In the short term, it may not seem like it costs you, but in the long run, it results in all of your money being worth less than it was before. So it's basically just a hidden tax. Oh, well, that stings. But we have to pay taxes either way. So what's the difference? The difference is huge. If we weren't constantly devaluing our own currency, we would be better able to save for the future. A person who starts saving for retirement at 19 could expect their savings to have just as much purchasing power at 65. And they wouldn't have to invest their money into 401ks and stimulate Wall Street just to have their hard earned savings retain their value. And with things like cost of living remaining stagnant or even decreasing as technology develops, we wouldn't have to keep artificially adjusting wages to keep up. Well, that does sound nice and all, but I'm sure there are ways inflation can be beneficial. And besides, what's the worst that can happen? Hyperinflation. When a government is unable or unwilling to manage the amount of money they print, eventually it begins to inflate so quickly that it becomes almost completely worthless. One of the most infamous historical examples would be 1920's Germany? Exactly. At one point, things got so bad that it would cost you 4.2 trillion German marks to get just one US dollar. And there are many more recent examples. In the 2000's, hyperinflation in Zimbabwe was so out of control that the central bank was forced to print 100 trillion dollar bills. And in present day Venezuela, the currency is so worthless that people are using it to make folded paper art and then selling it overseas because that's the only way they can get a decent conversion on their money. That makes sense. Maybe to a baby. Yeah. Economics nerd. I as well remain unconvinced that government should print as much money as it wants and you economic nerds can't force your beliefs on to me. Told you so. Get out of the car.