My name is Patrick MP. I work in the policy division. I head up the Human Development, Health Education, Water Sanitation, HIV and AIDS in Iowa Shade. And as you've mentioned, we're here today to hear from the UN Special Rapporteur, Mr. Leo, Dr. Leo Heller. I think as many of us noticed, the water scarcity affects more than 40%. 1.7 billion people, I think, live in water areas where the water usage is greater than the rechargeable capacity. And I think as it were, 2.4 billion are affected by lack of access to basic water and sanitation. Now, for an agency of a department such as ours, this has huge impact not only on the public health matters, but there's also the gender-related issues. Women and girls are particularly affected by this given their work in terms of collecting water and cooking, but also the sanitation matters that affect school-going girls. So it is a major, from a development corporation perspective, it is obviously a central theme. Despite the challenges, I think it's probably fair to recognize that the MDGs did bring attention to it and did identify some success in terms of, I think it was 2.6 billion people gaining access to water, maybe not the best water, but at least coverage or access did increase. And I think in 2010, the UN General Assembly recognized the access to water as a human right, and that certainly has led to the impetus to have it as a central SDG, SDG number six, with a number of very important targets identified. Within Adish Aid, we do fund water and sanitation. There's sort of three broad areas that we support. The Bangladesh CLTS, the Community-led and Leadership Sanitation System, headed by Dr. Kamau Kar that works on a regional basis and provides technical assistance and policy advice in our country program, in our engagement, is in a number of countries, but primarily in relation to Liberia, where we're funding water and sanitation consortium, which involves concern worldwide amongst a number of other NGOs. And then from our own civil society program, we fund a number of Irish NGOs in about seven or eight different countries working in water and sanitation and their expenditure is about 4.5 million a year on directly relation to water and sanitation. So it is an important, it is a part, it's not as major significant budget as we would like, but within the resources that we have, it certainly receives attention in our, both our bilateral and our work with NGOs. Today, I just, I've been asked to introduce you. Welcome to Ireland. I think I forgot to ask you, is this your first time? Of the second? The second time, very good. As we know, Dr. Heller is the UN special repertoire on the human right to safe and drinking water. This is a non-reposition and his role is as a, to the human rights council, is to report on country situation, our specific human rights themes. And I think you'll be speaking about that quite shortly. You come from a distinguished academic background and I think you've led a major one point, or 150 billion program, the design of a water sanitation program in Brazil, a 20 year program estimated 1.5, 150 billion euro, which you've also studied, I think, in Oxford and led your department in the University of Minas Gerais. So I think without anything more, I understand you're also currently a searcher at the University. But anyway, thank you very much for coming and look forward to be able to come in. So, there is a lot of backgrounds about the way the human rights water and sanitation raises through the international law. We can identify in the more modern period, the Universal Declaration of the Human Rights, that this, probably all of you know, this declaration was very key to implement the human rights framework recently. And obviously the declaration doesn't talk about water, the right to water. But there is an article in the Declaration of the Fifth that talks about a minimum standard of life as a right. And the minimum standard of life is a way to develop a framework on the economic and social and cultural rights. That is a branch of the rights together with the political and civil rights and through the economic and social and cultural rights, several other instruments were approved and adopted by the UN, especially the International Covenant on the Economic and Social and Cultural Rights, that again talks about the standard of life that includes the right to housing, food and others, not water. And we have several conventions that in certain way approaches the right to water, the conventions on the rights of the child, on the elimination of all of forms of discrimination against women, rights to persons with disabilities. In 2002, the Committee on Economic and Social and Cultural Rights issued a comment, the general comment 15, that is specifically for the right to water. In this occasion, the right to water, not right to water and sanitation. And this comment was the basis for different discussions under the General Assembly. And in 2010, as mentioned, the General Assembly and also the Human Rights Council adopted this resolution on the human rights water and sanitation. In this moment, sanitation was integrated in the definition of the rights. And from 2010 to now, there are different resolutions that has been approved by the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council. It's interesting to mention in last year, the General Assembly adopted a resolution that differently from the previous, tried to approach in a distinct way the right to water and the right to sanitation. In this resolution, we have a distinction between the two rights. The idea is that these two rights are at the same time integrated, but distinct, in such a way that a person can claim for the violation of the right to sanitation without attaching this violation to the right to water. So this is a new way to look at the right to water and sanitation. So there is a lot of documents, elements to study the region of the right to water and sanitation, how it, along the time, was framed and has the current structure, the current form. Very briefly, we can say that there are some, what we call normative contents of the rights. So the contents of the human right to water ensures everyone, without discrimination, to have access to these five elements of the access to water. So a water delivered through the human rights framework needs to have sufficient quantity, needs to be safe regarding the health protection of who uses the water, needs to be acceptable from the point of view of the cultural values of the population, needs to be physically accessible, that it's distinct, then sufficient. You can have, for instance, a pipeline in the streets without water. So the water is available, but it's not accessible in this situation. And this is very, very important, needs to be affordable, affordable for especially people that live in poverty. We are talking about water for personal and domestic uses, not for industrial uses, agricultural uses, but particularly personal and domestic uses. And the human rights sanitation has similar definition, but of course adapted to the particularities of sanitation. So the human rights sanitation titles everyone without discrimination to have physical and affordable access to sanitation in all spheres of life, safe from the point of view of health protection, again, hygienic. So hygiene is very integrated with the definition of the right sanitation, secure, socially and culturally acceptable. That is very, very important in sanitation because there are some experiences, some cases where there are interventions for poor people of solutions of sanitation that is not attached with their cultural values. And that provides privacy and ensures dignity. This is very specific for sanitation. It's very, very important from the gender perspective, from looking at the women needs, privacy and dignity are very important. I'm just a parenthesis. Tomorrow I'm presenting my report to the Human Rights Council. That's about exactly gender and privacy and dignity are very key when we look at the gender dimension to the access to sanitation. These are principles of the human rights that are not specific for the right to water and the right to sanitation. They are common principles of all the human rights but are very important when we assess a situation of access to water and sanitation. So what I used to say is when we associate these contents with these principles, we have a good framework to assess different situations, country or a situation of violation. So equality and non-discrimination is very key. For water and sanitation particularly is very key because most of the countries, I can say, the progress of the access to water and sanitation looks particularly to the more well-off population, not the worst-off population. When we look at the progress of the access, it is aggregating the population between the richest and the poorest. We can see in almost all the countries that the richest gain access first and progress differently than the poorest population. And in these situations, both of the times reveals a pattern of discrimination. Discrimination not only against the poorest but also against ethnic minorities, women, religions that are minority in countries, rural areas if compared to urban areas and so on and so forth. Participation and inclusion is very key. Also, accountability is a very important issue in the human rights. And it leads to different ways of thinking of accountable mechanisms and progressive realization. That is an important principle also because the idea, this wasn't a curious discussion in 2010 because some of the countries were not happy to support the resolution because they thought at that time that if I accept the resolution of the human rights, tomorrow I'm a violator of the rights because not all my population have a good access to water and sanitation but this is not the idea of the human rights. The idea is that the states should make an increasing effort to progressively ensure access to the population using the maximum available resource. So the opposite is true when a country is not doing what they should do to ensure the access to all the population, we can think on a situation of violation. Maybe I should talk about Cork now. Yeah, this is, I'm not sure if you followed what the special recorders issued about Cork because in Cork the homeless people have no access to water, that there were no public initiative or policy in order to ensure the access to water. Two people that are living in street and the number of these people were increasing and yes, we received the claim from the civil society of Ireland and we thought that this is a case to request to the states explanations about why not, why the maximum available resources are not used to ensure that these people that before used to have access to water was not having access to water. So this is an example, I'm not sure if it's the best example for not using the maximum available resource but at least it's an Irish example. So you can feel exactly what I'm talking about. There are of course other more relevant cases in US for instance, there are several cases of disconnection people because people are not able to afford the tariffs and so on, so what is a very strong situation and of course in developing countries there are a lot of situations where we can say that probably there is no progressive realization. MDGs, as mentioned before, the official statistics says that in 2010 the target on water was reached, the target was not debt on issues, the target was to halve the proportion of the population without access to water from the 1990 to 2015. So no universal access to half and we know what the half without access means. Unfortunately, we are talking about the poorest part of the population but we need to celebrate but we need also to look at the empty half of the glass. There are still 663 million people without access to drinking water, improved drinking water source, 9% of the world population and improved was the definition of access adopted by the monitoring mechanisms for the MDGs and they will talk about that later. And there are some shortcomings, one is exactly the definition of improved. Certainly, this definition is not attached to the principles of the human rights to water because under improved there are different solutions that not necessarily guarantee affordable access, quality, accessibility and so on. The idea was only to identify improved sources of water, defining some categories of sources of water. There are a lot of gaps between rich and poor, urban and rural, the advantage versus general public, the advantage we can define in different ways, looking at ethnic aspects, slums and so on and so forth. But on sanitation, the target was not met and sanitation is considered one of the most off track targets of the MDGs. These are some numbers that were previously presented, 2.4 billion people without improved sanitation access, 70% of which in the rural areas, 1 billion people practicing open defecation, which is a very concerned number. Again, there is a definition that is very questionable under the human rights framework, improved access and there is no monitoring, no aspect mentioned about the access to water and sanitation outside the household and schools and health centers and workplaces, et cetera, et cetera, that are very important because most of the people spend more time in these places than in the household. This is only to, as simplified, this is a figure from the report of GMP, the Trans-Monitoring Program, I'm trying to, yeah, for an arbitrary country, Kazakhstan. And it shows how when we desegregate data, we are looking at very strong disparities between groups of populations. And here it's a statistics about a pipe of water on premises. You can say that worldwide, we have around 5 to 6% of the population with water on premises. When we desegregate by regions, we have this very broad spectrum. When we take Calcos and Central Asia and desegregate, we have this figure. When we take Kazakhstan and desegregate between urban and rural, we have in urban area an access that it's equivalent of the best region and the rural area very low compared to the regions. And when we desegregate with, based on quintiles of wealth, we have this figure. The richest urban population has a better performance than the Latin American Caribbean and the rural population, rural, poorest population, worse than Sub-Saharan Africa. So this would be very important under the SDG's agenda. We need not only to look at national averages, but we need to look at parts of the population traditionally discriminated against the access to water and sanitation. Again, from the GMP report, we have here two interesting cases and different cases where we have different ways of progress from the beginning to the end of the period. So we have here, it's a little bit complicated because a lot of colors and numbers and graphs, but it's easy to understand. We have here the five quintiles of wealth and in each quintile, 1992, 2010, and the colors represent the different solutions. So improvement is this green here. And we can see in this situation, rural Pakistan, in these 20 years, the richest part of the population gained best access than the poorest part. And here we have a different trend, an opposite trend. We can see the slope of these lines here are better than these two best quintiles here. So this is a very interesting way to look at how we need to progress from 2016 to 2030 because there are different ways to include the population. We can do business as usual, but it's that increasing faster the percentage of access of the richest part of the population or we can have strong policies in order to include faster the poorest. So this is important because these means different policies, different intentions, different ways to progress the access of the population. About the SDGs, I'm happy to say that the human rights to water and sanitation is explicitly mentioned on the document. This is the only one economic, social and cultural rights mainly, explicitly mentioned, apart from the right to gender equality. So it's very suggestive that we don't have options, we need to look at the SDGs through the human rights lens. We have a dedicated goal for water and sanitation to go six and the first two targets are related to the target 6.1 water, 6.2 sanitation and there are several aspects that are attached to the human rights framework and 6.1 talks about universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all and 6.2 equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and open defecation so that when we will disappear under these statistics special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations. So we have a very progressive agenda now very attached to the human rights. The challenge now is how to implement, how to monitor the progress under this agenda. Here this is taken from a publication of UNWater. It's a publication about interlinkages. UNWater tried to identify in which stands goal six is linked to other goals and it's very interesting if you are interested that suggests to read. I only put here the target 6.1 and 6.2 but the publication also tried to understand the other targets. There are six targets in goal six and we can see it's not difficult to understand that there are important synergies between water sanitation and, for instance, anti-poverty that are under the goal one. Health, maternal mortality, children mortality, water and healthcare services. Waterborne disease that are target 3.3. Four, that's about education, facilities in schools, etc. Five, that's about discrimination against women and girls. Then eight, that's about economic growth, economic productivity. Nine, infrastructure. Ten, that's about ending inequality. It's obvious the relationship between 6.1 and 6.2. Eleven, that's very key. Eleven is about inclusive and resilient cities. So 11.1 is very close to the 6.2 and 6.2 access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services. 11.1 is about slums and other kinds of settlements like that. 13, about climate change. 14.1 about pollution, sea pollution. And 16, about institutions, corruption, etc. So this is a very important exercise to look at the goals in a cross-cutting way and the goals 6 has a very strong relation with other goals. So it's very important to think on the goals 6 not only looking at the goals 6, especially targets 6.1 and 2, but also in which the implementation of these two targets can contribute strongly and faster to the other goals, especially ending poverty, ending inequalities, women and girls' rotations, etc. These are some new developments on the monitoring. The idea, I'm very involved on that to pass the report there because I'm trying to dialogue with G&B and not participating in some boards of G&B. And the idea is to raise, to include another hunk on the ladder of the different levels of services for water sanitation. And this is the traditional ladder for drinking water, this for sanitation. Now the idea is to monitor what has been called safely managed water, safely managed sanitation. And that would be another level up to the improvement definition. And also there are some discussions around hygiene. In this case, hand washing can be the main indicator for hygiene. And briefly, safely managed drinking water would mean a basic drinking water source which is located on premises that is new under the monitoring process, available and needed, and free of fecal and priority chemical contamination. So water quality is now included in this definition. In sanitation we are talking about not shared facilities that could be considered adequate under the MDGs and whereas quita are safely disposed in situ or treated offsite. So wastewater management is also included here and hand washing. And these are some ways to look off the target. The target was converted into an indicator. Each target now has a proper indicator. And this is a way of breaking down the target into the different elements and defining what each element should mean. So universal would mean water not only in household but also in schools, health facilities or places. For all, not only men, women, girls, boys but also considering different aspects of the life, disabilities, age, etc., etc. And here we have equitable access to what access should mean, what safe should mean, affordable, drinking, etc. So the idea now is to have a deeper approach on the definition of access. Access is not only to have an improved source but needs to meet all these elements. I need to say that it's not easy to monitor. It's not easy to collect data sufficient to have a very good global monitoring process but I think this is a process. We will start with some kind of data and the data would be improved in these next kind of years. And the same for sanitation. We need to define here what hygiene means, what open defecation means, etc., etc. There are some exercises here that defines these elements. Here for institutions, the idea is not to have too much categories but some people. And this is another challenge, how to monitor not looking only to national averages but also to try to disaggregate data and to compare different populations. So the idea is to... This is relatively well-developed, geographic, wealth quintile. And the difference between urban and rural are well monitored by the SDGs. But interurban is a challenge. How to compare Brazil, the favelas, the dams with the general urban populations. It's not so easy but we need to do that. And also group-related inequalities based on race, ethnicity, migratory status. I don't need to tell you in Europe that migration would be an increasingly important challenge. And this is a very strong challenge how to monitor inter-household inequality but I think it's also important sex, age and disability. Because when we look at a household considering that it's a uniform population in the household it's not true because you can have a toilet appropriate for women and men but it's not appropriate for old persons with disabilities and so on and so forth. Yeah, I think this is the last slide. The idea here is a provocation trying to convince you that this is an inertial trend. If we start 2015 with this difference between we can define advantage and disadvantages in different ways but this is the gravity for most of the country. Urban and rural, urban and favelas, men and women, et cetera, et cetera. And if we reach 2030 with an universal access the trend will be that but the idea is to to put the most disadvantages first in the priority of the state members and to have specific policies focused on these groups. This is not easy but is a a way of look differently of the traditional policies of including people to the access to water and sanitation and I'm convinced that this is the best way to make a good contribution to the other goals of the SDGs. So let's think on this movement of changing the traditional way of delivering the policies. Thank you.


As the programming material says, I am one of the midwives of cyborg anthropology. So you may well know that Donna Haraway, the biologist turned techno cyborg, birthed the notion of cyborg as we think about it with her cyborg manifesto that was published in 1985. Donna and I encountered one another at a six week seminar called Science as Culture and Practice. And then again came together at a small seminar of anthropologists and allies including Donna to talk about the relationship between science, technology and anthropology. It produced this book Cyborg, Cyborgs and Citadels, which was published in 1997. Donna has gone on to think beyond cyborgs. The original idea that the image of the cyborg is about moving beyond the individual to think about connections that are more than individual. She's moved in the direction now of the more than human. So building beyond the last message in Amber's talk, do we want to stop at the limits of our own humanity? Or would we like to embrace our connections to the more than human? So in 2003, she published this thin little track called The Companion Species Manifesto. And this has woven into conversations that she and others have been involved in about how our connections to our future are going to depend on how well we ally ourselves with our more than human allies. One of Donna's colleagues at University of California Santa Cruz anthropologist Anna Singh has published this fabulous book about the Mazatake Mushroom and its many connections around the world. The subtitle is key here on the possibility of life in capitalist ruins. So mushrooms and their allies like Lycan love areas that have been disrupted or destroyed. That's where they thrive. So how are you feeling about the future? So kind of like kind of rosy, kind of maybe not so much, right? So the notion of how to survive this mess that humans have created partly through technological arrogance is one of the things that Donna and Anna and others are paying attention to. So what about more than human technologies? How is a Mazatake Mushroom or a cow a technology? If we think about the connections between each entity and its environments, we can think of them as technology. So the specific physiology of the cow allows it to digest grass in ways that we can't and to produce manure that will nourish the soil as long as we let that happen. We've managed to screw up the soil around the world by using chemical inputs that require the use of more chemical inputs. So multi-species allies can save the day. Anna has talked about what she calls feral technologies, which I think is a fabulous turn of phrase. So imagine again these disrupted environments that we increasingly live in. What's growing through the cracks in the sidewalk? What's digesting the things that have been dismissed as waste? What kind of survival strategies can we imagine by focusing on the wild amongst us or the feral that sits in between stable and unstable? Isabelle Stingers is another friend and ally of Donna Hareways. She's a chemist by training a philosopher of science. And last year produced this wonderful book called Another Science is Possible. Again, the subtitles key, A Manifesto for Slow Science. So along with calm technologies, how about slowing down what counts as science? Looking back to the future. And this is where my little talk intersects with the work that I'm doing these days on anthropology of food, wine, and agriculture, especially looking at what's been called biodynamic agriculture, crafted by a brilliant eccentric Rudolph Steiner who crafted this in the 1920s when German farmers came to him and said, we can't figure it out. Our plants and animals are no longer thriving.  He said, stop using chemical inputs and consider the effects of these extractive practices that we've been involved in. So he proposed that we take advantage of the technology of the cow and the homeopathic preparations that he and his followers designed include what's called horn manure or prep 500 that involves taking a cow's horn. And it must be a cow's horn because it contains hormones that are part of this transformative process. Packing it with cow's manure, burying it for a season. And at the end of that time, the cow manure is transformed into humus, sweet-smelling, fabulous stuff, through the multi-species alliance with bacteria and fungi. This is then diluted and turned into a homeopathic fluid that's sprayed on vines and on the soil and that revives the microbial activity that the chemical inputs have destroyed.  Biodynamic wine is delicious and will give you a less severe hangover, so try some. That's all.


of light, a cloud of dust and a high high of silver, the lull ranger. Indian companion Toto, the daring and resourceful mask rider of the planes, led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver. The lull ranger rides again. Oh, Silver, let's go before the Silver, oh! And fights hard and fair, so in the ring you kids beware. He's dynamite because he knows he's got gold. No other cereal looks like Cheerios. It's shaped like little letter O's. No other cereal tastes like Cheerios. It's the only ready-to-eat cereal with this fresh toasted oat flavor. No other cereal is like Cheerios. You see Cheerios is made from oats, and every delicious spoonful of Cheerios and milk is real muscle-building food. Each spoonful contains vitamins, minerals and proteins your body needs. Yes, the good things in a Cheerios breakfast do good things for your body. Help you have healthy nerves, good red blood, strong bones and muscles. Have Cheerios every morning. And you'll hear people say, He's feeling his Cheerios. A troop of United States cavalry rode leisurely along a trail in the hills near the town of Mill Rock. They were heading for Fort Leaton, and Major Adams, the commanding officer, allowed the Colonel's daughter Sally to accompany them on a surprise visit to her father. The Major rode with an Army scout who had just arrived. The scout was saying, I can't say where the Colonel would have his daughter come before this time. He doesn't know she's on the way. Her aunt talked me into bringing them. But they're with us, so that's that. Tell me, is there fear of an uprising? Yes, sure. Driver Command Chiefs under Big E. Hill has been shown signs of restlessness. They've been holding councils of war. I've learned that someone is supplying them with ribose enamination. Then the Colonel actually expects an attack on the fort. He thinks he's very posh. Lieutenant, come over here a moment. Yes, sir. The Major quickly discussed the situation with his aide, Lieutenant Barton. Then the Major said, Just before we left to come here, we received a dispatch from Colonel Harvey. He suggests we pitch camp in the vicinity of Mill Rock until we can locate a certain man who can guide us safely from there to the fort. Otherwise, we might run the risk of ambush. I remember such a dispatch. I believe he also explained how we were to reach the guide, he mentioned, didn't he? Yes, he said to send a message to a mission located about five miles south of Mill Rock. The Padre there will see that the message reaches the guide. I recall a description he gave of the man who'd come to guide us.  That's right, sir. He's known as the Lone Ranger. Yes, also he carries a letter of identification from the Colonel. Yes, most likely he'd bring back a note we send, too. Oh, oh, and... Oh! Lieutenant, notify the Sergeant Major Will's camp for the night. Yes, sir. The scout left with a note for the Lone Ranger and rode toward the mission. Later in a shack hidden in the hills, Sandy Kenton rested on a cot while he waited for his partners to return. Sandy was tall and well-built, and his well-tanned regular features gave him a rugged outdoor look. A short time at West Point where he was expelled as undesirable gave him a certain smoothness of speech, as well as a strong feeling of hatred for the Army. Sandy looked up as the door opened. Hi, Sandy. We've got something that looks important. Yeah? What do you have? A silver spatula we took from an Army messenger who had set the sail from Mill Rock. You mean he wasn't going toward the fort? That's right. You mean the spatula? Yeah, it is. The enforcement, I see. Oh, this is important. Yeah? What's it say? Says to inform the Lone Ranger that a group of reinforcements are camp near Mill Rock, waiting for him to come leave them to Fort Leaton. It's signed by the commanding officer of the troop. Who is the Lone Ranger? Well, you dopey, but I've heard of him. A mass comrade right in the White Star. Oh, yeah, yeah. I remember hearing about him. He helps the law. That's right. He does, Red. He's very clever. He could spoil our plans to have the Indians ambush the troopers. We'll get plenty of gold from Big Eagle if it succeeds. Well, the Army, Father, we took the dispatch from his dead. So the mass comrade won't know he's wanted and won't show up. Somebody might find that trooper's body. Then another dispatch will be sent. Both of you go back, make certain the trooper's body isn't found. All right, see you. No, no, wait a minute, wait a minute. I just thought of something. What? This mule. I think that masked man should show up at the trooper's camp. Don't say that. What do you listen?  But the important thing I noticed is that I'm just about his size and bill. Yeah, whatever. Well, during their raids on the ranches in the valley, Big Eagle's braves brought in a white stallion. Well, now with that, a black mask and a white step. I'll go to the troopers camp tomorrow afternoon and pass for the Lone Ranger. If I carry this dispatch with me, they'll have no reason to doubt my identity. Now go get rid of that scout's body. The following afternoon, Sally Harvey, the colonel's daughter, was talking to the major in his headquarters tent when Sandy Kenton, posing as the Lone Ranger, was ushered in. Here he is, Major. Mighty glad to see you, sir. I'm Major Adams. This is Miss Harvey, the colonel's daughter. How do you do? How do you do, Miss? I rode here, Major, as soon as I received your dispatch from the mission. I took it upon myself to suggest that your scout, the man who brought the message, stayed in the hills to watch for further development. Fine, fine. I've already passed out word that the man that to take any orders you see fit to give, sir. Thank you. You think you can get us through to the fort safely? Of course, Major. Just put yourselves in my hands and I'll get you through all right. Fort Leighton's only about 40 miles from here? Yes, I know, but the army's scouts have warned us to watch for an ambush by the Indians in the range of hills west of here. Don't worry. Leave everything to me. As a narrow valley through those hills, we'll be safe taking that route, I'm sure. Have the troop ready to leave at dawn, Major. I'll come back then to guide you to that valley. I was given to understand we could trust you completely. We'll do exactly as you suggest, sir. Good. Good. I'll do some scouting for a while. Be back in time to guide you to the fort. Good day, Miss Harvey, Major. Good night, Major. That evening, the lone ranger and toggle arrived at the outskirts of Milrock. Kata went to town for supplies. Soon he returned with news of the troopers' encampment. The lone ranger decided to go to offer his help at dawn. Later that night, the two crooks, Muley and Red, entered the shack where Sandy was waiting. They told the men and counter near the Apache village with two army scouts. One they had killed, the other escaped. Sandy thought a moment, then spoke. Oh, that means trouble. He'll report that he's seen Big Eagle's braves waiting in ambush. Now I'm not there. Go back to camp. The Major won't use the valley route. He'll realize I lied to him about it being safe. What are you going to do? There's only one other route the troop can take. We'll get in touch with Big Eagle. Have him move his braves from the valley to ambush the troopers on the other trail. In the headquarters camp at the camp, the Major's eyes flashed with anger as he talked to his aide. By the time the lieutenant, after what that wounded scout told us, it would be absolute suicide for us to go through the valley. I agree with you, sir. I said today I couldn't understand why that masked man... Ah, that masked man, he's a traitor to the country. How he gained the trust of so many is beyond me. But this time he's been found out. My orders are that the lone ranger to be arrested the minute he returns to this camp. He'll continue our lone ranger adventure in just a moment. Jenny is ten and is she good? She's skip rope camp of the neighborhood. She's so quick because she knows. She's got gold power from Cheerios. Yes, she's got gold power. She's feeling her Cheerios. Cheerios. Cheerios. That makes sense. Try Cheerios, the wonderful oat cereal that shapes like a little apple, and you'll agree. You like that delicious toasted oat flavor and Cheerios is ready to eat. Just pour out a big bowl full. Add good fresh milk, dig in, and start getting your gold power because the Cheerios breakfast is full of vitamins, potions, and minerals. And those are the good things you need to help build red blood, healthy bodies, and strong muscles. So enjoy your breakfast every day with delicious Cheerios and milk and get that good gold power. Then folks will say... She's feeling her Cheerios. Now, gone the following morning, the lone ranger left Tahoe to wait in the nearby grove. Then rode openly along the trail leading to the camp. He drew rain as the guard challenged him. Ah! Oh, no, no! What's leading? Your commanding officer understands about the mask. I come to see him. Oh, no! Hold on. But what? Keep him covered. I'll take his gun. I don't understand, Mr. Genet. If you take me to your commanding officer... He won't see you. You set him up yesterday when you persuaded to listen to your plan to lead the troops into an ambush. Oh, there's some mistake I haven't been here before. Dying is a waste of time. Take those guns. The lone ranger stood with hands raised. The lieutenant unthinkingly stepped between the masked man and the guard, just long enough for the lone ranger to act. Moving fast, he dropped his hand to grab the gun, and at the same time, ripped the lieutenant's wrist. Swing him on. Sorry, Lieutenant, what? I have a gun to show back. Tell that guard to throw away his rifle. Hurry! No! Shoot if you want to. The shot will bring others. I give that guard the shot of three. Either he throws his rifle in the bushes or I... I'll do it. Oh, it's too lieutenant. He has the upper hand right now. Yes, sir. Perhaps you need to get a lift. Ready to join the lone ranger in his fast getaway from the camp. As they rolled the masked man told what had happened. When they had covered their trail enough for safety, they stopped on a hillside near the entrance to the narrow valley.  Look there. Move long slope. I'm Andy Fresh, Kimakami. In some reason they left here before dawn. Traveled by another route. That's right. The Indians near decided the same thing. Move to ambush them somewhere else. We'll do some scouting and find out where those Indians went. Move, hilly up! The ranger and the rifle rolled to the upper trail, the only other route to the fort. After riding the full length of the ridge, they reached the point where the upper trail curved down. They joined the one along the valley. Then the single route left form, led to a shallow river, which had to be crossed to reach the fort. They stopped on a bluff overlooking the river. Oh, it's a blow count. From among the trees on the bluff, the lone ranger scammed the territory beyond the river. Oh, the big girl of trees just beyond the other river bank. The cavalry would give that a wide berth. I don't think it... Oh, wait a minute. I see something on the edge of the grove. Two horsemen. While they're moving out on this, one wears the headdress of the Comanche Chief. The other...  He must be the one who didn't chief raise hand. Make Indian sign. Do you know what the signs mean?  Tell us that's their plan. The river is wide at that point and stair deep. While the troopers are falling the river, the Comanches intend to rush out of hiding or massacre them. Ah.  I know. Hello, ride down the stream. Lost river beyond the bend and get to Fort Leaton. There, take the silver boat to Crow Highway. You remember you, I'm sure. Tell him the situation. You know what to do, now hurry. Um, what you do? I'll ride back along the trail to meet the troopers. And shoot him, maybe. I don't think so. I'm sure I can convince the commanding officer I didn't come to the camp yesterday. Anyway, I must take the rest to hold him back. Leave now for the fort. Uh-huh. Any old radios? Come on, come on. Woo-hoo! Meantime, Major Adams, Sally Harvey, and the Lieutenant rolled up the head of the cavalry troops. They had funneled the upper trails on the camp. Suddenly, the Major pointed the head, exclaiming, Look, a rider coming towards his gallop. Major, take a good look. They sure that's the man. What are these lights there? Oh! You, Major. Oh, wait. Keep your guns straight on him, but take him alive. A man certainly had courage to open the boat the entire trip. Listen to me for a moment. Yesterday, I tried to do.  The man you saw yesterday was an imposter. Major, I'm put under guard. This is another trick of the day. This is no trick. I came to war and helped you. After what happened this morning, why should I risk my life if I were not telling the truth? Major, wait a minute. There is something different about this man. His voice is rich and deep. And as a girl, I can't help but notice these more hands than even knowing where that man is. Why, even his gun don't revolve so different. Well, thank you, Miss. Major, I carry a letter of identification signed by Carl Harvey. You know my father. Carl Harvey's a friend of mine. Here's the sign, letter, Major. Let me look at that. This does identify you as a low ranger. Miss Harvey has missed your father's handwriting. Yes, yes, it is, Major. Let's prove the other man wasn't an imposter. Mr. I'm sorry we misunderstood. You say you came to warn us and to help? Yes. The Comanches are in a thick grove just beyond the river. They plan to catch your troops in midstream. Oh, how terrible. They would have massacred all of us. I thought of a plan to tell the tables on the Indians, Major. If you're willing to listen, of course. We'll do whatever you suggest, sir. What's your plan? We'll leave this trail here, right north beyond the bend in the river. Then we'll... Later, Sandy Canton is still dressed as the low ranger's good military near the edge of a grove across the river talking to his partner, Red. The white horse was grazing nearby. Red, those troops should have reached the river long before this. Yeah, something much to delay them. Big Eagle promised us plenty of gold for helping plan this. They'll give the rivals the horses, of course. I sure know Big Eagle did get... Oh, that was a bugle. But it didn't sound like it came from the south of the river. They should have fallen for it. Super's are coming down the riverbank on this side. This side.  But there are enough Comanches to take care of them. Yeah, not a bugle, man. That sound came from the west toward the fort. A group coming over the hill from the west. Cavalry before leaving. Super's are moving in on the road from up to the side. Yeah! The troopers from the fort combined with the cavalry reinforcements. The Indians were upnumbered almost two to one. Moreover, many of the Indians blacked rivals. Because the army forces were moving in from two sides, the savages had little chance of escape and fought back desperately. Sandman can't even realize the Comanches were fighting a losing fight. He decided to make a break for the river. Getting back. Yeah, yeah! Sandeep forgot his moon ranger disguise and didn't realize the white horse and black mask made him conspicuous as he raced to reach the river. The moon ranger helping to fight back the furious onslaught of the frenzy Comanches heard the manger shout to him, That goes in faster! The other man's plan is getting away! I'll get him!  But these two were readily responded to his master's urgent fire and Gallop's pursuit of the fleeing cook. The troopers stared in confusion as the two masked fighters raced by it. Sandeep went back and seen the moon ranger behind him. And he just gone in a panic attempt to stop his pursuers. Galloping horse spoiled his aim and the bullets went wild. That's a big blow! Most certainly! Without lessening his speed, Sandeep forced his horse to punch into the water. He moved alongside. The moon ranger reached out and blanked Sandeep on the saddle. You're doomed now! Place a blow to the moon ranger's chin.  It has to quiet you! Oh! Sandeep went underwater a moment from the force of the blow. The moon ranger grasped him firmly, then held him under. He seemed to walk here. For a few moments, Sandeep's captain was held under the water, then brought up momentarily for air. And lowered again until he was gasping for breath. He's a traitor! I'll take him to the fort and have the turtle handle his case. Hey, Maccabi? Now, people know truth. Troopers captured two other cooks who helped him. He'll ever try to bring this grace to the moon ranger again. I promise you that, son. Oh, thank you! Maccabi! I thought you were safe in the wagon with your hands a mile north of here. Sorry, major. But I just had to see the fight. I watched them to hear about their... Mr. H-I'm sure Dad will want to recommend you for a medal for what you've done. If you'll come with us to the fort... Oh, please, dear my regards, your father, Ms. Harvey, as to medals I have no use for one. I'm glad we were able to help. We'll see you off the fort sometime, I... I'll turn this trader over to you, major. Wonderful, handsome man. Nothing seems to scare him. Except a certain look that comes into a woman's eyes, Ms. Harvey. He noticed the way you were looking at him and decided to leave in a hurry. But you'll find that many of the officers at the fort are handsome and... susceptible. Major, I don't think any man will ever make me forget the moon ranger. Oh, dear! We turn in just a moment for a word about our next exciting moon ranger adventure, stolen money. God, champions are made not born! Yes, sir!  So it gives a guy a lift knowing that champions are made, not born. For instance, let's trace the inspiring story of Al Rosen, famed Cleveland Indian slugger. Let's go back when Al was small, an average boy, no chance at all. He practiced hitting, third base play, and ate his Wheaties every day. Just as champs get on their way, the day Al smacks that ball a mile, the leading Wheaties all this while. By Al Rosen's been eating Wheaties since he was a little guy 22 years ago. Plenty of power all right in Wheaties. There's a whole kernel of wheat in every Wheatie's plate.  An uncle vowed to capture a killer named Ozark Lyle, of the outlaw plan to cheat both justice and the moon ranger. You'll enjoy this next exciting adventure and its thrilling climax. Be sure to listen. The chapter of the Moon Ranger Incorporated is created by George W. Trenble, produced by Trenble Campbell Mure Incorporated, directed by Charles D. Livingston, and edited by Flan Stryker. The part of the Moon Ranger is played by Grace Beamer, your announcer, Fred Foy. Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at this same time, be sure to listen. Someone has come to you from Detroit. This is ABC Radio Network.