All right. This is an experiment. I've never done this before. I have recently received my shiny new ZX Spectrum. This was made in 1982 and it suffered slightly from the decades since it was made. Before I can use it to play games like Chuck Egon, which is really what I wanted it for, and he's a bit of repair. The main thing that needs happening is these ancient capacitors have all dried up and won't work properly anymore. Due to the unique way in which the ZX Spectrum's power supply circuitry was designed, if one of the capacitors in the power supply area fails, which it's likely to do due to being so old, this can cause irretrievable damage to the memory due to the voltages not being generated properly. So I'm going to have to replace them. I've already, as you can see, taken the lid off this thing and I've gone through and I've found replacement capacitors which should fit. So I am going to try replacing them live on video, recorded on video, so that when I inevitably get everything wrong, the internet can watch and laugh. You can see here this is the RF modulator that takes the composite video signal produced by the board itself and produces a radio signal that televisions can pick up. I've already taken the lid off and modified it. The reason for this is that modern televisions don't actually cope well with the ancient RF signals that these computers made. So a minor tweak will change the socket to produce composite video instead. This works much better on modern monitors. The modification wasn't a particular success. The video signal is very bad, so there's also a change I want to make which involves replacing this wire with a capacitor which should hopefully improve it. I'm also hoping that the reason for the poor video signal is dodgy capacitors everywhere. I've already taken the heat sink off. This goes this way round and would have fitted under here. I won't bother putting that back on now. This ancient linear regulator converts the 9 volts produced by the power supply which I also have and is completely short. I'm just ignoring it completely. It converts it to the 5 volts used by the main board and the power circuitry here. The reason for the heat sink is that linear regulators get appallingly hot. I actually have a replacement modern switch mode regulator on order to replace that. I won't be firing it up today because that hasn't arrived yet. I'll record that as well so that you can see whether my modification has actually worked. I've already taken this apart. The keyboard's duff as well. There's another membrane on as well. The ZX Spectrum membranes are notoriously brittle when old and tend to fail. Some of the keys and mine don't work, including the all-important J key which you have to use to load games. I am going to start with C46 here. C46 is special. The reason it's special is that you probably won't be able to make it out on the video but the negative pole of the capacitor is actually connected here where it says plus on the motherboard. I'll just double check focus. This is due to the PCB manufacturers, PC designers making a mistake with the printing of the board. So you've got to be aware that this capacitor is actually connected backwards. If you connect it the right way around it won't work and will probably cause major damage to the board. So let's remove that first. First thing to do is to snip off the SNP capacitor off the board. That was the irrecoverable moment where my spectrum will now no longer work. Let's double check the size. This is a one microfarad capacitor. I have previously selected some capacitors which one of these is one microfarad 22. I did actually put them in order. I seem to have knocked them all over the place. There you go, one microfarad. Now the original capacitors are axial. So the wires come out each end of the capacitor. I don't have any axial capacitors so instead I'm using these radial ones where the wires come out of the same end. So we need to bend the wire back. That was actually the wrong wire. I want the long one and I can solder it in this way. The first thing I need to do is to take the old wires off the board. I now remember that I forgot to solder a great piece of kit. Now I've been warned that ZX Spectrum motherboards are not particularly great with heat. So I have my soldering iron set down low to 250 degrees centigrade which again is supposed to be the recommended temperature for doing it. So let's just see if that will melt the wire and melt the solder. Yeah, no trouble. I'm not the world's best solderer. I don't think anyone is. The great thing about these spectrums is the PCB is so huge that even my dodgy soldering skills, come on, work on it. No idea of that bit of wire went ricocheted off probably into my drink. I'm recording this using a props up cell phone. I hope the angle of view is about right and that you don't get a look at my head. Nothing ruins a good tech video and seeing somebody's hair in the way. It's an ancient Nexus 5, the only. I really hope the rest of them aren't going to be this much of a hassle. Nothing ruins a tech video more than having somebody else's hair in the way. I may have slightly buggered that. I should really have arranged for some pins and things ahead of time. Very useful for poking. Of wire through the board. Is the solder melt? Easier not to cut the plastic completely. Try that next. There we go. OK, the hole is clear. Other side, I think I made lots of these in various different kinds and they're all a bit dubious, every single one of them. My board has actually been modified twice in the factory to work around various bugs in the design. The C46 polarity one is trivial in comparison. As you can see here, this transistor has been added. There's a stray piece of wire here. It's known as the spider mod. It's to work around a bug in this custom ULA. The other modification is there's a capacitor, a monkey patch on top of the board there. I actually forget exactly what that one is. It's in the DC control circuitry. It'll be something to do with power generation. These old computers use lots of different voltages bent on this side of the board, which is why it's not coming out clearly. Old computers are much simpler by comparison. You just give them roughly five volts and they just work. Wrong wire. Don't do that. That's C27. I am going to want to remove that at some point, but not right now. I've been trying to remove this diode by mistake, so let's just push that back onto the board.  That was a faff. Now, what do I do with that capacitor? Microfarad cunningly bent. Here we go. Now, this is the backwards one. Positive terminal here should have the negative side. That one's negative. That wire goes in here. It's not exactly trivial with these radial capacitors. A lot of wire coming out from the one end of the radial capacitor. I need to be careful of that. Most of the capacitor lead has been used up bending over the back. So, soldered on. Is that a clean joint? That's a clean joint. There goes another one into my drink. Not the greatest. All focus, but it does seem to work. Oh, good. The video is still working. That was the dodgy one. Pick one at random, this one. Cut one side this time and see if that helps. Important safety tip. Never eat or drink while soldering. Let me just double check the polarity. Negative is pointing to this side, which is correctly labelled on the board. In order to get this wire off, if I can do a better job of it than I did last time, it needs to pull through the board, I think, but apply a little bit of tension to the back. It would just pop straight out when I apply the soldering iron. I'll do this. I'm still not clear. Heat it up when I push the capacitor through. This one should be easier because I've got a lala cap to hold it on with. This is another one microfaric capacitor. Lift it over and down. It's in that side. It's checking the size. Weird spider construction. This one is C27. I have no idea what any of these actually do. Did I mention that my soldering skills aren't great? Can you tell? Plus, this is all standing on the map, so the chances of it showing up on the camera are going to be nil. That's not working at all. OK, let's see if we can clear this joint. Some solder. Let this be a lesson to you. Always make sure the hole is clear before you put something in it. Nobody likes a blocked hole. Of course, the ones I'm not very good at. That is really incompetently bad. Joints are the ones I'm going to do first. Negative to that side. Positive to that side. A quick look to make sure there aren't any shorts. Good. Let's just double check with the multimeter. Two done. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. I want to put one in there ten to go. What's next? Let's try C50, this one. This one is a 22 microfarad capacitor. If I can learn the lessons from the last time I soldered, put that straight, get some tension. There we go. No trouble. The hole is blocked. I'll double check the polarity. Positive is pointing at the correct pin on the board. I need to unblock these to get more iron in. Good. That one was a 22 microfarad. I hope it was a 22 microfarad. Yes, it was. I've got some 22s here. 22. The legs are about as long as each other, so let's use the negative one over so that we can have the legend on the top. That's a bit of a problem. It might not be big enough. It will go in just not quite long enough. I can make it pop through. It's not brilliant. These radial capacitors are not really the right choice for this, but they are what I have. I'm a little bit forced to hold the capacitor in place. Don't do that. That works because there's a little bit of solder left on the tip of the soldering iron. You're not really supposed to do that. You're supposed to always use fresh. The soldering iron should not carry solder. It's not even in straight, but whether it works electrically, that's the important bit. That's a decent joint. Pretty terrible joint. But the electrons like it, so I'll just keep it. C47. I have actually had this spectrum running briefly until people shouted at me and made me stop because of the problem with running with elderly capacitors. So I know it works. I couldn't actually play anything because the aforesaid keyboard problem, but I could type stuff on it and things happened and that sort of thing. Whether it will continue to work after my modifications is a completely different matter. We can always hope you can get spare parts for these. There are people making new rubber map membranes for the keyboard, cases, some really nice looking aluminium faceplates for the keyboard. You can do homebrew, build your own replacement motherboards using modern components, but still the same old spectrum inside. So if I do manage to fry the motherboard, I could always just replace it, build myself a new one and use the old case. I suppose if I managed to break enough of it, I'd end up with a completely new spectrum restored from scratch. But still, of course, the original one on the keyboard is just a little bit repaired, like every single component. I have the right joints. I do. When in doubt, add more solder.  So it's very hard to get the joint hot enough. I want to replace a capacitor on a modern PCI graphics card. The PCB had turned out multiple layers of copper inside the PCB to make things like grounding planes. And these formed really good heat sinks. And I ended up having to use three different soldering irons on the same joint to get enough heat into it to actually get the thing off. Right. The negative was the bottom, which is correct to causing PCB. And I did learn my lesson from last time. So let's get the holes clear. It's a very important thing which I forgot to do, which I'm going to have to do in a second. I hope there's a hole in there. There must be a hole. Oh, here's the problem. See these silver pads on the top? They are sucking up heat as a heat sink. That's why it's being so problematic. Also my soldering iron is set quite low. We'll see if that will do. OK, the problem I mentioned before is I have removed some capacitors off the board. I've got four here. I think this is the one I just removed. This is a 22 microfarad. If I replace this with a 22 microfarad capacitor, have I in fact replaced it the right one? That's another 22. We should have two ones here. One and one. Let's get rid of those. So I've got two 22s, which means this must be a 22. The last thing I want is to put the wrong one on the board. These are 22 microfarad 16 volt capacitors. This is a 22 microfarad 25 volt capacitor. That will work just fine, even though it's a fraction of the size. So that one will go. It's a well-known fact that all electronics are actually powered by magic smoke. If the magic smoke gets out of the component, then of course the component stops working. Did you know the reason why you can build stuff with the soldering iron is because solder contains extra supplies of magic smoke. You can see little bits of waste smoke coming off whenever I solder a component onto the board. Yeah, that'll do. It's not pretty. It should be working. C28 is this one up here. Dispose of old capacitor. I'm going to try something different from taking this off the board. I need a small screwdriver. Like so. Apply a little bit of tension to the board. So, apply heat and out it comes. Yeah, that's so much easier. Having something to apply leverage to rather than just a straight bit of wire makes life easier. Clarity check. Oh, that's interesting. No, right, sorry. I was misreading the labelling. I thought the negative pole was connected to the positive thing on the board, but I don't know if you can tell. The axial capacitor's negative is an arrow rather than a stripe, which it is on the radial ones. Good, this is another 22. 22. If I'd be better off doing it, I probably would, but I'm not particularly happy with having long bits of metal and these pads on the board. So, the bottom's a negative. We'll go through this hole. It really wants to go in upright. Or upside down. Everything's fine. I'm sure it's still working. If you have any real inspection or stories of seeing this, they are at the moment jumping up and down and screaming in horror. It should work. Positive that side, negative that side. I'm sure this is going to end up being a thoroughly thrilling video. Looking at where things are showing. Most of the stuff I've been doing is over here, so it's not really going to show up much. I need to be able to look down at the board. Hang on. If I ever do this again, I will try and adjust the position of things. I don't really think I want to do it now. So, which is next? Let's try this one. C25. This is almost certainly something to do with the video circuitry. It's another 22 microfarad. That's all 22s. I think there's something 722s on the board. So let's try this trick. A little bit of leverage. Place in heat. Moving. Parity check. Negative is pointing at the negative terminal. Which is what we like to see. 22. 22 is a 22. Good. That's interesting. Possibly very convenient. So if you look carefully. So there's actually a track running along the board there. Which means that this hole for the positive terminal is connected to this hole for the positive terminal. If you look right next, the negative hole. That means, I just need to double check that with the multimeter. Where did I put the multimeter? That means that we may actually be able to put. Yes, you did. Good. This means that we can put this in vertically. The way they were supposed to go. It also means that the positive hole here. Which we're going to use is in fact already clear. So I just need to clear that one, the negative hole. A solder. That visible. Not really. Down again. Some solder. Actually, do I have some solder? It is the sort of thing I would have bought. I don't see any in my drawers. Positive goes to this hole. It's not quite a match, but it will do just fine. It's a bit warm.   Yes, interesting fact about these boards. This ripple effect. Again, you see ripple effect over here. That's not a fault in the board. Because after the board was made, they reflowed the whole thing with a fairly thick layer of tin. For reasons. And it just leaves a layer about half a mill thick or so. It's a bit uneven hence the rippling. Actually getting there, you know. This one is going to be a pain. These ones are going to be interesting because of this one that's spider-patched. It's actually floating. It's connecting the positive end of this capacitor here to this resistor over here. And that's going to be moderately exciting to do. These are actually the opposite. Next to each other, but the opposite way round. So this one, the negative term is here. And this one is here. Both off and do them at the same time. These are 100 microvaric capacitors just for a change. It's looking at the layout of the tracks. I think we can use the same trick we did last time actually. At least for that one. We'll do the other one. Again, I have no idea what these are for. But they are probably related. Otherwise they wouldn't be so obviously related. This is the second one. And this is another 100 microvaric capacitor. Fantastic. So this one, we're very happily dropping through these two vacant holes here. Like so. Perfect. The one above is a little bit trickier. The closest two holes we have are there and there. But there is no PCB in between. So this will actually be a perfect choice. We can just drop this in. 100. If that side, negative that side. There's no stress. We like to do it. These holes are actually very useful. They're actually through holes. They are drilled through the board and then plated on the inside to make a conductive channel. They allow you to connect. They allow the board designers to connect a track on one side of the board and a track on the other. Actually looking at some of the other very dubious capacitors I've put in, we could have used the same trick. This one here. There are actually some holes in the right place to make that work. No matter. It'll probably work. Still recording. Still running out of disk. We've got three more to go. That's actually going quite well. This one. I don't want to do that one. Balanced weirdly on two legs. You can tell the designers didn't want to do it there either. There's absolutely no space to work. It's got to go. I think this one I will snip off. I'm not actually using the modulator here at all. So it could go. But it's fastened on with the monster stakes. And it also provides a rather useful phono plugs in just the right place. If I could take that off it would actually improve things quite a lot.  Is it fastened down? Yeah. It doesn't want to go. I'm not moving it. This is certainly your video circuitry. It's all very dense and full of transistor something. Is it this one? Is it this one? And this is a 22 microfarad. Negative is pointing at. It wasn't labelled. That means I do not know which way around it went. Fantastic. Okay. So I did actually take a picture of the board before I started doing anything. So I'm just going to go and take a look at it now. And back. Yes. The positive end was the right-hand side.  Oh God, yes. Right. So here we have another 22 microfarad capacitor. And it's just going to have to spider in over the top and have to clear those holes. Yeah. It's just going to balance in standing on its legs. It will keep it reasonably out of the way of the other components. It shouldn't actually be too bad. But yeah, I've got to clear those two holes. I solder, remove solder. Where I work, I have a team of... I work with a team of engineers. And a little while ago I bought a IBM PC convertible. So I'm trying to clean the tip for my soldering out. There we go. And this was made in 1986. And it turned out that at least one of my team members is younger than that. And this was 1982, this ZX Spectrum. And I have a feeling that it might be older than anybody. Is it a 22? Is it a 22? Is it a 22? It is a 22. And the... It's positive on the right. I said it was cleared. I thought it was going to be clearer than that. Very much not clear. And again, I am seen to be moving off the camera. Can I actually adjust this without anything terrible happening? Let's try that. Yeah, okay. Talking to somebody in the team the other day, it turns out that this computer was a PC. How wrong is that? What should end up being thinking PC's or ordinary computers? That was me pulling my poking wires all the way through the board in the hope that it would actually clear off things a bit. Okay, let's see if this goes in now. Positive on the right-hand side. On the left. Ah, it goes in. Yeah, that was the loudspeaker. I don't actually know what happens if you connect some electrolytic capacitors right backwards. Nothing good, I'm sure. I don't know whether it's like permanent damage or it just doesn't work. All right, well. So, now I have to take this ghastly thing off. This should be easy at least. I can avoid toasting one of the other components. Now this is very, very careful to remember this. Negative right. And it's a 4.7 microfarad. You haven't had one of them before. I cheated. I looked all these up ahead of time. 4.7 microfarad. But we can't replace it until I take this other, the original capacitor off. That's another 22. So I'm just looking at the board in the various holes. Every mouse knows that two holes are better than one. And that applies to PCBs as well. A bit of tension and easy polarity check. That's the right way round. And it's labelled on the board. And that's a 22. So you can remember this. The 22 goes in here. And the 4.7 goes across there. So that's the 4.7. 22. Why don't I have some spare 100? That's quite a big 22. So that wants to go in here. But we've got all these tracks in the way. The positive goes at the top. So it looks like we may have to do our bending over thing again. There's really no space. The wires are too small. So I could easily spider it above the board slightly. There's probably room. And the wires are stiff enough to keep it clear of all these other components below. So, I mean, it's not brilliant. But that's what we're going to have to do. But the age old problem, there's stuff in my holes. It's going to be pretty heavy handed with the heat. Because you have to heat the joint all the way through. That didn't work.  There's no point just heating the surface solder and pulling that off. Positive top 22. Negative bottom. So that goes down like so. Hold the wire in. I just dropped a blob of solder onto the PCB. That's going to come off. That was easy. And this one. Now what did I say it was? Negative right. I hope it was negative right. I need to trim the leads. This is a bit terrifying because you can't trim things longer. And so that looks like it'll fit. Get all my hair. Should be done. It's going to work, of course. So the one bit left to do is I want to fix the composite mod here. And replace that with a capacitor. To do that, I need to go look up how big the capacitor should be. So be right back. All right. It is in fact a 100 microfarad capacitor. Ffripping all over my work surface. And the positive lead of the capacitor needs to go to the composite pin. And the negative one needs to go over here to where the video signal comes in. There's another modification you can do using a transistor which could improve the video signal some more. But I'm not going to do that because I don't have any transistors. So we need a 100 microfarad capacitor. 100 microfarad capacitor. Let's undo this. So this is my old modification. Lasting a little bit of wire. And let's actually remove this wire from the board completely. This was the original lead that used to connect the... It used to go through one of the little plastic holes in the sides of the modulator. So that comes off. That's left us with a non-clear hole. Of course it has. That's a thin track. The capacitor needs to go in here. The short wire needs to go through the hole in the board for the negative terminal. The positive wire needs to come through one of these plastic holes and meet the centre pin of the photoblog. There's plenty of space. It's just a little bit awkward. I'd rather like to remove the modulator completely. Go perfect. So let's solder this one on here. On here. OK. That was moderately anticlimactic. I was expecting that to be tougher. This bit was a mess. I knew that was going to be a mess. I wonder whether I can improve some of these. This one could come off the board and be replaced with a vertically up and down one. The connectors are all in place for it. Yes, let's do that. So this actually wants to come off the board. Unlike the other capacitors, we're going to want to reuse this one. So you've got these two big silver pads here and I believe they're connected up underneath. Yes, they are. So we need to connect that hole there and that hole there. So you've got one hole to clear. Very clear, but I'd love another hand. This would make this so much easier. Imagine what kind of amazing electronics humans could have produced if they'd had another arm. It's going in with one of the legs that the capacitor has bent. I really want to put this on YouTube for myself. I suppose I did promise at the beginning that I would let the internet watch and laugh. A decent joint for this leg. A decent joint for this leg. Nice and jointy, that's a dry joint. That is a great little multimeter. Well made. I don't know if it's accurate or not. Easy to use. It costs nothing. Mail order from China. Big clear display, auto scaling, everything. I normally prefer analog meters, but that is a very nice digital meter. Now this was the first one I did. That was the second one I did. C46 here was the first one I did. Now this one's a mess too, but I don't actually see any useful looking holes. So I'm just going to leave that. OK, well, I think that's done. I want to see if it works now. I can put the heatsink back on and try it with this ancient regulator. I don't have a working keyboard. I am actually going to wait until the rest of the stuff appears, but I won't post this until then. I'll just edit it all together. In a moment you will magically see in my hands here a new regulator. And as if by magic, a regulator appears. So it's now two days later, it's Wednesday and I filmed the first bit on Sunday. The regulator has arrived.  This is a modern switch mode device that cheats. It's so efficient that they haven't even put anywhere to put a heatsink. So once that's on the board, the whole thing will run generally cooler, generally less stress, more reliable, and it produces better power as an indication of just how much heat this thing produced. With the heatsink installed, these capacitors next to the heatsink actually had to be rated at 150 degrees centigrade. Otherwise, you know, bad things would happen. So since the first part of the video I've actually looked at some of the footage and I've noticed a couple of things. One is that it's all horribly out of focus because I don't think there's enough light and my little cell phone which I'm using to video this with isn't capable of maintaining the focus. Let me just double check that now. It looks not too bad. A little bit better. I think I just need more light. I'm going to see if I can source another couple of lights. The other thing is that I'm practically inaudible for a lot of it. So I've moved the microphone. I seem to spend a lot of time mumbling into the board down like this. Yes, I can see some dreaded hair. So maybe this will be better. Let's see how it goes. Another thing I've noticed is I seem to have made a bit of a cockup which I'll come to later. But I'm going to have to redo some of this. We'll have to see. I know that I'm going to have to replace at least some of the capacitors but I don't know yet how many. But I'll deal with that when the time comes. So, we want to install this where this goes. 36-year-old linear regulators are not exactly sought after. I've got a drawer over here full of new ones that haven't been overloaded for four decades. So I don't really think I want to keep this. I think I'm just going to snip it off. Having three pins makes it rather awkward to remove. Noting that pin 1 is on the left that means the new regulator is going to go this way round. It looks bin. Okay. Three pins to remove. I took the entire pin out. That was good. I left the hole clear. I don't know how long this video is going to be. I'm going to spend the entire time in it talking about taking stuff out of holes. It wasn't expected. That's left a neat little solder plug. Is that visible on me? Can you see that? Let's try that here.  Anyway, that's not what we want. So, remove. If any position of the light actually means I am working in the shade. I have to adjust slightly. It looks okay for me. It's awfully glaring for you. Let's try over here. Working at all on that one. I should invest in some solder wick. It's a kind of braided copper fabric that you push onto the joints and you apply some heat.  It's not quite as clean as it tends to smear solder about the place. I don't think this is working terribly well.  Soldery goop. I'm going to have to do it in a mechanical way involving pulling, preferably without putting my finger through the loudspeaker. Slightly more hairy than I really wanted. Anyway, that's all that now. I've been left with reasonably clear holes. New regulator. Search new regulator. Beautifully. Big enough to fit. That has not actually gone flush at all with the board. I should have checked that before I soldered all three joints. It's never coming off. At least not without wrecking it. I really don't want to do that. That is going to have to do. Okay, that wasn't brilliant. The issue I mentioned earlier with the capacitors is quite simple. Let me produce a visual aid. This is the top of the case. It goes on the board. In fact, here is the bottom of the case. This goes under the board, like so. And the top of the case goes on the board. It's properly. It neatly drops down like this. And the top fits on like this. It doesn't fit on because these capacitors stick up too far. Because I mounted them vertically, because that was easier without remembering to check the board clearance first. I thought I was so clever. There's actually nine millimetres of clearance with these little standoffs, and those capacitors are ten millimetres high. This one is nine millimetres high. So it just about fits, but I'm going to take that one off as well because I want a little bit more clearance than that. I actually want a gap between the top of the capacitor and the board. The regulator. Let me grab this. That's eleven. But that is further back. This slopes up, so there's going to be slightly more space. I think I do need to get that flush. Well, I have to replace the capacitors anyway, so we'll see. Excuse me. Now, because I trimmed the wires when fastening them in, because you have to, the wires are now too short to mount in any other position, so these are now junk. I'm going to have to get rid of them completely. I'm going to do this one as well. So let's start with twenty-two. Luckily I have some spare. So this has to come off the board. First, double check the polarity and where the pins are. Positive goes up there. Yes, I'll remember this. More holes to clear. There's my shiny new capacitor. Never even got a chance to be used. Replacement. Focus check. Looking good. New position for light seems to help. No one's ever going to watch this, so who cares? This is all practice. So this wants to go through here. In fact, those are actually sort of connected together, I remember. This is a slightly different form factor, which is why it's smaller. This will actually, this will stand upright, you know. It's smaller enough. Double check that. Yeah, but let's put it flat anyway, so I need to fill some holes. Sorry, clear some holes. Spray to solder all over the board. It's a hot. I'm going to have to learn how to do this better. Again, I am drifting slowly out of camera shot. The stick of poking is officially not working. You know, it'll be awesome. This thing actually worked after I finished fafhing about with it. All that's doing is getting my fingers hot, so I'm actually going to. That was a shortcut. I'm going to actually heat the wire up and poke it through the hole at the same time. I'm going to have to actually do this properly. Heat lots and lots of heat. I want the solder liquid. That was too delayed and the solder congealed while I was waiting. I just managed to bridge two tracks with the solder. Got to be a better way to do this. Actually getting the solder out of the old holes has been by far the most difficult part of this entire proceedings. Actually, the rest of the soldering has been easy. I mean, not far from the obvious mistakes, but I need to check that continuity. I think there's still a drop of solder between the two tracks. I remember this joint from last time. It's got a whopping great copper track on both sides. That's completely off camera, isn't it? Which is why it's not actually, why it's so hard to heat up. And these plate through holes have got, of course they've got copper through the hole. So it's transmitting heat from one side of the board to the other. Maybe I would have better luck with. So I've got one spare hole there, so I don't actually need to clear the one in the big track. But I do need to clear this one next to it. I wonder if I can use the push through trick for that. So what I do is I apply a bit of force to one side of the hole against the solder plug in the hole. Melt it from the other side, and in it goes. So I want this to go through quite a long way. I think that'll do. That's standing well proud of the board. So all we do is just bend it over. But I'd like to go in a bit further. That just comes down. So now I can solder the joints in this side, and it's finished. So that's actually come through back through the board a bit, so I need to push that back in. That side's not so hot either. The rule of thumb I was taught by the electronics is they can cope with as much heat as you can. So if you hold the component in your hand while you're doing the soldering, and you stop before you actually scream in pain, you should be okay. You won't have overheated the component. A grotty joint, but it's actually connected. And I'm not going to snip that just now. I'm going to do the other ones and make sure that the lid goes on.  But it's really important to always cut off the spare leads before your power is on. All these bend, they're far too close to the polarity check, is labelled correctly. Two polarity check is in a non-standard place, so the polarity doesn't actually apply. I'm just going to have to figure it out first, principles.  Interestingly, two dead capacitors, when I was preparing for this, I actually got out too many 100 microfaric capacitors. No wait, there's a one microfaric capacitor. Good job I looked. Do I have any more 100 microfaric capacitors? This is my big box of capacitors. There's a one, 22s, and I think that's another 22. 100 microfaric capacitors. I need two of these. I'll use a spare. 10, 22, come on. I'm going to use this one. This is going to be a thoroughly exciting video watching me flail with capacitors. I take them out, and I put them back in again. I take them out, and I put them back in again. This thing will either work or not work, or I will run out of capacitors. One of the three options. Right. You have two capacitors, one of which has rather bent dodgy-looking leads. Just double-check it is a 100 microfarad. 10 volts, 25 volts. 10 volts, quite small. This was one of the reasons I didn't want to use the ones on the strip. Am I sure I don't have any more 100? 100 microfarad.  I can go back in. All I need to do is get all these flipping holes cleared out, and put the capacitors back in, but this time, on their side, it's perfect. That doesn't happen often. Soak it straight out. Cleanly. By lots of heat, the board's not that fragile. I go through. And that's clean as well. It's not necessarily the right one, but it's in roughly the right place. The other capacitor is going to be a little bit more exciting because the previous two holes I used were right next to each other, so it would make sense if I was putting them in standing on end. But I'm not quite going to do that. Anyway, let's try and put this one in first. Positive on that direction. Negative on that direction. So it's here and here. Bend it over to there. Bend to your clearance. It's a little bit more bend to hold it in place. I said to hold it in place. I don't mind what I'll do. Again, this is one of those situations where I need multiple hands. So I can prop it up on that. I want a capacitor at a jointy angle. Don't push out the polarity. Positive that way, negative that way. Now I have two more holes to clear. It's right next to the edge of the board where the clearance is minimal. And I can use this hole and this hole, which are the right distance apart for the radial capacitor. That's what I did last time. So I think this is going to have to go here on its side with the leads bent like that. So it goes in that way around. And I'm going to have to cut these leads off now because they're going to get in the way. Wow, there's a solder blob and a half. That does not actually connect to three in a row. That's amazing. Positive. It needs to go through three round. I bent these the wrong way. Positive in here. Sitting on top of her. Is she going to work? Am I going to have to a different hole? Yes, I'm going to have to a different hole. I cleared the wrong one. Well, it'll technically work. It's electrically great, but I can get a much better fit by putting it through this hole instead. I bet this one will take ten minutes to get clear. Yep, that did not work. That is working. It's just being annoying because it's... Hardware is always annoying. There's always something going wrong. My miserable soldering skills are not helping. Back out a bit. Go for that. There you go. That was the last capacitor. Double check the polarity. That one's positive. That one's negative. It's a big close to the edge of the boards. Let's tweak it around a bit. The leads off. Now I want to look for solder splashes. Let's try that in the case. Let's see what happens. The case goes here. It's in. It needs to go back into my capacitor box. Does the lid go on? The regulator is sticking up too far.  It's just a couple of millimetres. I have to heat up all three joints simultaneously. My arm is about to go off into casing. That was the heatsink. It wasn't important. Wow, that actually worked. I can't believe it. That was a pretty dumb thing to do, but it actually worked. That's flush. It won't go in any further. The regulator was bought from a spectrum supplier as the recommended regulator for the board. So I assume that it will actually fit in the case. It would be pretty annoying if it didn't. Let's put this on. Oh yes, perfect. Excellent. It's electrically complete, assuming it works. I need to fit the keyboard. I actually have some visual aids over here. The way the keyboard works is there's this grotty thing. This is the keyboard membrane. These tails go through slots. This is the original one, which is 36 years old. It fits on like this. The rubber mat, which is rubber and mat-like, goes over the top. You gently massage it into place. When you press the buttons, it pushes down against the membrane which closes the circuit. It's incredibly crude and amazingly cheap. The plastic the membrane is made out of, are we still in focus? Yes! The membrane the keyboard is made out of perishes with time. To be fair, I don't think Sinclair was really intending these to work last for 36 years. So I have bought a new membrane. There are people still making them. This one feels so much better quality than the Spectrum one, than Sinclair's one. So that neatly drops in over here. The keyboard mat, which is... I washed this. Why is it covered in stuff? The keyboard mat fits over like so. The aluminium faceplate, which is this, goes on here. It's fastened down with double-sided sticky tape. I haven't put the tape on, so there's just a little bit of remnant glue, because I'm going to want to wash that mat again. But there's just enough glue to make it more or less fit. And this, these tails plug into these very, very cheap and nasty ribbon connectors. They don't actually push in at all. You just push them down and nothing moves, but then they don't come out again. They feel really dubious. And the lid goes on. And if the computer guards are generous, I now have a working ZX Spectrum. I'm going to have to give this a try. Okay. I need to do laundry. Okay, well, that was a little bit embarrassing. I did actually fire it all up live, for the first time ever on video, except I got the on and the off buttons mixed up in an open camera. And as a result, no video. Anyway, as you can see, my little Chinese reversing camera is showing sod all. So something somewhere is wrong. This is connected to composite. I had this old spiel about how great they were, which is connected to this. So something's not right. So let us do a bit of sensing and find out what. The first thing to check. Oh, yes. I mentioned earlier is my new keyboard. Not sure if you can hear the clicks. So I know that's the right noise when you press keys on the spectrum, the speaker clicks. So I know that most things work. It's just the video doesn't. And there's a variety of possible causes. One is that these pots here, which calibrate the video circuitry are incorrectly set. And my digital composite monitor doesn't realise there's a signal there because things aren't right and is refusing to turn on. It's a bit... have I put it... punctilious about its signal. So I see about 3 volts. Think that's about right. It's the right way around at any rate. OK. So I've got some instructions on how to calibrate the video using an oscilloscope. You can't see it on camera, but I have this amazing Tetronic 7603 oscilloscope weighing 13 kilos over here on the left. So it's a shame you can't see it. It's really nice. It cost me 100 francs from somebody in Zurich. I had to go to his house twice because the first time I didn't bring anything strong enough to carry it with. But there we go. It warms up. It occupies like half my workbench. So we want to connect composite out. 3 volts go there. And that to go there. That's ground to signal. And you can see it's 3 volts. So... Twiddle this one until we see that. Twiddle this one until video signal syncs. It's not happy, actually. DC AC? So I can see a signal and it's about the right size. Let me set that to ground. You know, I really need to set up the camera so you can see this. There's no actual point to me doing this on video unless you can see the oscilloscope. So give me a sec and I'll give that a try. I really hope that I've got on and off the right way around this time. All right, here is my fabulous oscilloscope. You can only see about half the buttons because seriously there are a lot of buttons. That's actually the cable for the microphone. So... Set this to AC and you can see we are seeing some signal out of the video port. That's why it's not triggering. Actually, that's right. It's set to trigger on channel 1. Here is the trigger level. You see something happens and it thinks it's triggering. Oh!  Right. Here we go. What you can see here is the video signal. This is a frame. These lines should be flat. Not fuzzy. Let's crank this up. Ow! That's horrible. That's horrible. Okay. Yes. This means that all the adjustments are all anyhow. We need a small screwdriver. That's a small screwdriver. Very carefully. Let's try a bigger screwdriver. I need to adjust some of these pots and see what happens. This one too. That's worse. This one too is worse. Better. This one too. Just as little as possible. A slight difference but not much. This one. Apparently the top one does very little. Yeah, nothing at all. Let's keep twiddling these. You were amazing hysteresis in these things. That's me touching the pot with this tip of the screwdriver. I think that's about as good as I'm going to get. However, I do notice that the monitor has not actually lit up. It obviously thinks something's wrong. Let me power cycle the monitor. The other thing is I need to try both of the monitor ports. It's supposed to auto switch. That's interesting. If you were good enough at video you'd be able to identify all the various features of the signal. This will be the actual frame data. These will be at the top of the frame and will be, I think they call it the front porch. It's something to do with telling the monitor that there's actually a signal. If I zoom in quite a long way unless I've got this all backwards am I actually seeing individual scan lines 20 microseconds? I think I am, you know in which case the if I zoom out, it's very flickery but you can just about see there are can I make it sync? Not quite. You can see there's periodic notches that might be the top of the frame. I wonder if there's a there's a whole bunch of buttons down here to do the triggering and I think I remember seeing something about video. There may be a video mode try some of these buttons and see what happens. That one coupling AC apparently not. Internal somebody has you can just see that there. Somebody has nicely marked the enormous number of control buttons with black blobs for the sensible simple option. So before I'm looking at here as a frame I can use I can't use that. I can use this. That doesn't really want to do what I want. I'm sure I want delay triggering. Yes my wonderful oscilloscope is also quite new and it's got a lot of features I've never used before. Anyway let's have another fiddle with the pots see if I can make that a little less flatter a little more flatter. That one does nothing at all. Later versions of the spectrum didn't have these controls and they had a self-regulating system instead that was better. Right. So I think that's about as good as I'm going to get given my skill level and what I'm seeing on your oscilloscope. So one thing I've noticed is if I zoom in quite a long way you can see there's actually multiple lines. This will be because that's like 500 nanoseconds a segment. So I'm probably seeing individual pixels if there were any pixels. I noticed the default image and as I expected is a white screen with copyright messages at the bottom. Given how much I've been typing it's probably quite a lot of text there as well. Let's try power cycling the spectrum. Off. On. Yes. And you can see stuff happen as it cleared the screen.  The other potential option is that this monitor is just not happy with the spectrum signal. Apparently it happens. Now I know that my big TV in the living room can does cope with the spectrum signal or at least it did before I started fiddling with the pots. So I think I might give it a go on that. The trouble is I'm not going to be able to video it. So wish me luck and if these actually work I'll give you a photo. But I'm afraid that's all you're getting. Good news everyone it works. So I found I had a really nasty cheap composite to HDMI up converter and it doesn't really like the signal so it's grainy and it's watery and you can see it's flickering. It doesn't want to sync on to the spectrum's archaic composite signal. But it does work and it's showing me an actual black and white image. That'll be the reason why it's white is because I adjusted all the pots using the that was interesting. Adjusted all the pots using the oscilloscope. This will produce a much better picture on my big TV but of course you can't see that. If I can focus. Yeah I'm afraid it's just fuzzy. But like it works. I can type on it and everything. It's amazing. So let's see if I can get some colour on this if I can remember how it works. Paper. No. Paper. Symbol shift. You can't actually type keywords on this you know. Continues not the one I was looking for. Yeah that's not spectrum noise you're seeing when the screen goes glitchy like that. It's the upscaler failing to sync on to the signal. And in fact you see that white bar that's appearing. This explains what I was seeing in the oscilloscope. On the oscilloscope I was seeing sequences of strong signal with a band on one side. And I was wondering whether that was frames or scanlines. Well that band we were seeing is that white stripe so I was obviously seeing scanlines. I think I actually need to press both buttons. Yes. See the cursor has turned into an E. That means that I am in the right mode to press this button. And get L print. Typing on the spectrum. Wow I'd forgotten how grim it was. Continue. No. Do I get that? Sim shift. I tried that. So it's giving you a question mark. Both buttons to E mode followed by caps shift paper. Paper. Yes. What colour do you want? Red. Enter. Okay it did something. CLS. Enter. There you go. How's that? Actual red. On a 36 year old ZX spectrum which I repaired myself and it still works except that picture didn't be green. That'll be sync problems from this up converter. Fantastic. I'm going to sign off now because if I keep going for any longer something's going to go wrong and it's going to be embarrassing. So there you go. Fixing a ZX spectrum.


Welcome to our live broadcast and Twitter chat from Canberra, Australia. My name is Stephanie Kimber from the Innovation Exchange of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. We're here today talking to innovators who've joined us from around the world with their great ideas on how we can make humanitarian response better in the Pacific. I'm here with my colleague Nissan Maserath from the Open Innovation Agency, Second News. That's right Stephanie. We're here as part of the Pacific humanitarian challenge. The program was designed as a challenge to really look for global solutions that may be applicable to the Pacific region to solve issues connected to disaster response. So we're trying to improve how we do responses to natural disasters. Through the program we obtained 130 applications of solutions and basically the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade selected top 10 projects to come to Canberra, Australia and really explore how to do their implementations in the Pacific. Yeah and you can join us on Twitter and join the conversation using hashtag rethinking response. So first up we're going to talk to one of our innovators, Jack Hurley from Fyre Tail. We're going to invite him to come over. Hi Jack. Good day everyone. And Jack if you can tell us a little bit more about your low cost unmanned aerial system. Yep so this is Fyre Tail. Firstly Jack, her name is my name. I'm part of a team with Tim Sigmund and Samuel Cullen from Albany, New South Wales. So this is the Fyre Tail. Low cost unmanned aerial system. It is a easily deployed system as well. Low cost because it's foam. It's nearly indestructible. And we also create the autopilot. So we're able to produce a lot smaller autopilot now as of 10 days ago. And it's easily deployed because of these buttons. We're able to easily deploy this into a into a disaster scenario and anyone can fly. Meaning that little training, press the buttons 1, 2, 3 and this will fly away after you press the red button, shake it, then throw it. It'll fly away. It'll capture direct down imagery on images and then be able to stitch them in real time. And then when it comes back to the first responder or whoever's on the ground, then they're able to look at the maps and action on that. Wow. Can you use any mobile phone device to plug into it? Yeah so currently we have an Android app that's downloaded for free. And then we're working on the iOS, the Apple Find as we speak. Wow. That's awesome. Thank you, Jeff. And good luck with your idea. Just a quick reminder, you can join us on Twitter using the hashtag rethinkingresponse. Nisan, who do we have next? Yeah, we have Carol Angier from the project Nevaro Atu Disaster Response Platform. Basically they're trying to approach disaster response to a low cost low tech really approach. And it's a women led project and also about engaging women in the region. So Carol, you may want to explain us a bit more about the project. Yes. As we know during disasters, women are the fast responders. When a disaster strikes or is about to happen, they're the ones who are out there organizing their own families, ensuring the entire community is safe, and getting everybody prepared. But when it comes to deciding what is to happen in the disaster response or defining the protection issues women are never consulted, instead people decide on their behalf. And as a result, people miss out the critical issues that affect women in the community. And so this project, which actually Australia is doing in collaboration with SimLab, is going to enable women to share their information fast hand through a data dashboard that filters through the National Disaster Management Committee, articulating what their needs are, their own analysis, and the type of response that would resonate to their situation. So it's a great opportunity to promote women's leadership and agency in disaster response. And you've been trialling versions of this already? Yes, we have already established women's forums called Women Talk Talk Together forums that has membership of about 4,000 women. These forums are safe spaces for women to organize, strategize, and have critical actions towards humanitarian response. It creates, they create a great opportunity for providing an alternative analysis, but also building women's capacity to do it for themselves. And I think that this there's no better time to do this program than now. Fantastic. Great. Thank you so much, Carol. So Carol is joining us here at the Innovation Exchange in Canberra, Australia. Innovation Exchange is part of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Australian Government. And you can learn more about the program in Pacific Humanitarian Challenge.org. So thank you, Carol. Thank you very much. Thanks. So we're continuing our live broadcast from the Innovation Exchange. Next up, we're going to go straight to Patrick Haynes. Patrick joins us. He's a DFAT staff member who works in Vanuatu at the High Commission. And he's going to tell us about some of the challenges that people face in the Pacific when a disaster strikes. In the Pacific during disasters, one of the, some of the main things that affect the people and the governments at that time are communications, of course, and other logistics. And also just the spirit at which humanitarian assistance is given to the general public. Yeah. And you lived through a cyclone pan. And maybe you can tell us what your personal experiences were and what it was like being in the High Commission involved in that response. Yeah. So it was quite a terrifying experience. One that I've lived through in the past. In 1987 was the last cyclone that hit Vanuatu. But it was really good to see how the Australian response came about. It was a cyclone with the first ones in to help the government of Vanuatu respond to the disaster. And it's very, it's very enlightening to be here and to see all the proposals that have been put forward despite this Pacific humanitarian challenge because they're all tackling the issues that are common around Pacific islands. And we hope that with this innovation, we can address some of those issues. And so that in the future, we build on the resilience of the people, but also helping governments respond to it. So I don't know, maybe there's people out there watching this who don't even know where Vanuatu is or what it looks like. Can you tell us about the geography of Vanuatu and why that's a challenge in responding?  It's kind of, yeah, archival ago. And like it's never been visited other nations. The challenge of logistically, to get assistance out of the communities is quite difficult. And it's quite a challenge for us as respondents to address that. And yeah, that's why it's really good to be here, seeing some of the innovation and some of the reviews that are coming forward. It's really promising for the city. Great. So I know in CyclonePam, it was not that difficult to get a lot of supplies into Fort Vila, into the capital, but then getting them out? Yes, the challenge of course presented to us and our humanitarian partners on the ground was that we were receiving a lot of assistance coming through deeper channels through the Prince forces, bringing it all to the main centres, but it was actually the challenge of getting them out to the remote areas of Vanuatu that presented a lot of challenge and quite a big challenge for us. And how long do you think people in those remote islands had to wait? Sometimes. Well, it varied between two weeks to a month. And you know, times that place a lot of pressure on all us respondents and things that we'd like to do better in future. Yeah, that's amazing. And telecommunications, obviously a big issue when nobody can communicate. That's something you experienced as well. Yes, we had a few, especially for Southern Islands, were in Blackouts for about three or four days, where there was nothing coming back and that was quite worrying. It was a big risk. We did not know how many people were injured and how many people, maybe it's emergency interventions. And so it was a big challenge. And it was something that really honed on home that, you know, and if you can disaster the moment of communication is really vital. And without that, it presented a huge challenge. Yeah, we all rely on our mobile phones to communicate none more in a disaster. So yeah, that's really a critical issue. It's been great to hear from you first hand, someone from the Pacific who's dealt with the response makes our challenge seem more real. Thank you very much for joining us. Thank you, Patrick. So up next, we have someone from the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. His name is Michael Hazard. Michael, how are you? Good. Thank you for joining us. Thanks for having me. So Michael is part of the team leading humanitarian response at the department. And we'd just like to know from you, Michael, what was kind of the motivation behind this program? Yeah, look, I mean, the ultimate motivation for us is a safer, more resilient specific. And essentially, you know, we know that the Pacific is a very vast area. I think the statistic we heard yesterday was 30% of the world's land or surface area, and less than half a percent of the world's population. So that really highlights to us significant challenges in disaster response and preparedness. And certainly, from our perspective, the challenge is an opportunity to rethink how we work, to continually assess whether our approach with the Pacific is fit for purpose. And to establish new partnerships and forge new relationships to make sure that Australia and the region can respond better to crisis. Yeah, that's great. Yeah, thanks for that. I think it's very much this idea that there may be many concepts and maybe ideas out there, right, that could very much apply to the region. Yeah, look, I mean, what we've seen through this challenge of 130 applications and submissions is that there's lots of ideas, right? The whole idea for this challenge is to have resources set aside to test those ideas, to see if they work. And if they work, to encourage partnerships to take them to scale. What we want to see through this process is a stronger, more resilient Pacific. We want to build the capability of governments and communities in the Pacific to prepare for and to respond to crises. And it's only early days in the challenge, but so far, we've already seen new collaborations, new partnerships, and we really have high expectations that the challenge will really help us to reshape how we work in this region. The other thing that's really important is the particular role in the global humanitarian system. What we want to see through this challenge is an impact, the ability to influence the world humanitarian summit that's just coming up in May. And we're already seeing opportunities to reshape policies, to sort of rethink how the global humanitarian system works. And I really have high ambitions that this challenge will really be the start of a new way of working in our region. Are there kind of one or two specific issue areas that you think are kind of primed to be really addressed? Yeah, as we've identified in the challenges, there's a couple of recurring themes from previous disasters, most recently with Cyclone Winston and Fuji, and Cyclone Pam is going to watch it. One of the things we really struggle is reaching those remote communities. So how do we get, how do we understand the needs and then get the right support quickly to the remote communities? And certainly the challenge focus areas really seeks to address that. The other thing that we need to do is invest in preparedness. So how do we build the resilience of communities to withstand shocks so that the response effort can be minimized after a crisis? So the three focus areas have been an ongoing discussion in the Pacific. And I think that the ideas that we're seeing really help us to break into those, how we respond to those crises when they occur. Great. Yeah, thank you so much for joining us. Excellent, thank you Michael. And obviously if anyone online has any comments or questions, please feel free to join the conversation on Twitter. Our hashtag, we think in response. Yeah, and we're adding our next innovator, Paul Gardner-Steven from Flinders University which is in South Australia. Hi Paul, thank you for being with us and we'd love to hear about your tech. Sure, so it's just interesting hearing the previous presenters talking about the need for being able to reach remote communities and building resilience with communications. It's so keen in all of these things that we do, we take away communications from any society and it becomes much more vulnerable. And of course when you're trying to deal with all these things that are very vulnerable to disaster, if you can't communicate, then this really makes it much harder. So we'll be looking at ways to make mobile phones communicate directly without needing any cellular infrastructure so that when everything is wiped out, people can still communicate. So we can do that over short range with phones directly or we can add into blocks like this one, as you call a message standard, and this allows the phones to communicate potentially over kilometres between them. So there's no mobile, you can't make a phone call, there's no data, there's no internet, there's no Wi-Fi, that's when you're... Yeah, so we can stand up a local temporary short-term and secure network so we can crimp it into n. Again, things like marketing, there's no turning of the time. And so the idea of someone sort of reading out your medical records over a two-day radio, this is, while it's possible and you're appreciative that it can happen, you'd still rather, actually, that you maintain your privacy and get the whole colour elements that come into this. Wow, and there's an app that sits on... That's right, so on the phone's installed app, some of this yellow box will actually offer the app to download to your phone. So we're perhaps reliquing that we can actually roll out a communications network in the acute phase of the disaster so that we can start making this difference without waiting for the phone network to come back up or for any of these other sort of infrastructure. Right, so if somebody's in the disaster and they go, they're with their friend and their friend has the app, and they go, oh, how can I get the app? They can actually still download it even if there's no connectivity. Absolutely, so there's one phone from Sheriff for the next, or you can download it from one of these boxes if there's one around, versus even without these boxes, the phones have to be nearby each other when they're communicating, but you can send a message to someone at some distance away, and that message will encrypted onto the other phones that encounter them. Eventually, one of those phones will encounter the phones that it's addressed to, then it will be encrypted for people to read it. So people moving around in the disaster zone are actually transporting data, so they've been unwitting data rules in a very positive sense. Wow, and you're working in partnership with New Zealand Red Cross and the other ones in the Sanctuary in South Australia. That is fantastic. Thank you so much, Paul. We look forward to seeing a lot more of your ideas. So, up next, we have Cristiano Giolando from the Humanitarian Open Street Map team. Hi, Cristiano. Hello. Thanks for joining us. So, can you tell us a little bit about your solution and what you're working on? Yeah, our solution is about drones and drone mapping, and we all know how drones can help and collect an imagery after a disaster, or even before disasters, for mapping. So with Humanitarian Open Street Map, we use imagery to start and create a map where a map doesn't exist. So, or if a disaster strikes like recently with the Apollo earthquake in 2015, a large community of mappers can come together and start tracing buildings, roads, and then are used for doing this kind of disaster. But all this is not possible unless you have imagery in which you can use to start tracing that map. And so, imagery is very important, but it's hard to find. So we have different teams that go in the field and collect imagery with UAVs, with drones, but then it's hard to put it all together into one place for visualizing it and using it. And so, our proposal is called Specific Drone Imagery Dashboard, and it's basically an online platform for collecting all this imagery into one place and make it accessible for disaster response. And have you used this in other countries already? Well, we have a project called Open Area Map, which puts together salad imagery, together with drone imagery and aircraft imagery. And so, we wanted to expand that project to apply to the specific context of the Pacific region. And we have seen, like in Vanuatu last year, the incredible imagery collected by drones after the impact of Cyclone Pam. And unfortunately, it was all scattered around and not collected into one easy place to analyze. And so, we thought that we could apply the idea of Open Area Map to the specific context of the region and the drone map. So the challenge actually inspired you to adapt what you were already working on to the Pacific region? Yeah, we saw the right opportunity to extend that idea to the Pacific region. Great. Awesome. Well, thank you so much. Thank you guys. Thanks, Chris Janos. So, next we're joined by one of our 15 expert advisors who spent the morning giving feedback to the innovators. I want to welcome Dr. Catherine Ball. She is one of Australia's leading experts in UAVs and imagery and data crunching and has once recently been named Dame of Drones. That's one of my favorite shows, I have to say. I think I'm writing a book with that title as well, so I'm going to claim that right now. Awesome. So, can you just tell us about what you've been hearing and learning from the innovators and any feelings you've got about the design to bring? Well, when I first heard about this challenge when it was announced back when in July in Auckland by Julie Bishop, I was just like, yes! I was like, this is again Australia is leading the rest of the world by actually putting some money where its mouth is and encouraging this kind of innovation. And I can't say how happy I am that it's happening here in Australia. My accent might give me away. I'm a POM by origin, but I've been here for six years and I've been working in innovation and applications of innovation for the last five years. I'm a real believer that the culture of innovation is a culture of conversation. And we've even witnessed today that there's been like a micro incubator kind of thing set up here. There's people in this room that have already started bouncing new ideas off each other. They've already started coming up with collaborations. And so I'd suggest even before any minutes have been announced, I think everybody taking part in this process has already gained something. That's fantastic, that's great. And do you have any thoughts about the fact that drones or drone imagery seems to be, you know, we had a lot of proposals about that. Is that it's the new thing? It is what we're doing. One of the issues with using it. Yeah, well I guess when people say to me, so how did you get into drones? My point is I'm not actually a drone person. I was always a data person, but I wanted to collect data without having to put people at risk at the right price point. And luckily here in Australia, we've actually been about five years ahead of the rest of the world in terms of the applications of drone technology. But as a data manager, you always know with big data comes big responsibility. And with drones, we're now able to capture the kinds of data that we could have only dreamed about sort of 10 or 15 years ago. And it's interesting to note the mirror that's kind of happening between industry and the way we're looking at using drones for oil spill response, for example, or for post site flow response in Northern Territory or Northern Queensland, where we have Australian communities that are isolated from traditional support networks. And the parallels between some of the innovation we're seeing here, specifically in the Pacific region from a development point of view, I actually see quite translatable to some of the issues that we have working in remote and inaccessible parts of Australia itself. So I think there's a lot more to be gained. But Australia is certainly leading the charge in terms of applications and new methods of remote sensing. Drones or RPAs, remotely piloted aircraft is kind of the acronym that I use now. So drone of RPA, Dame of RPA doesn't quite happen. But it's interesting to see that people get very attached to the idea of the technology and it's very sexy and very new. And that's where I sort of sit back and go, well, that's all well and good. But if it can't give me the data I want in the safe manner that I want with the right price point involved, then it's really not going to fly. It's a one to the better term. Nice pun. Okay, we might wrap it up there. Thank you so much to all for joining us. So yeah, next we have Nadine Haddad from Save the Children. Nadine, thanks for joining. Thank you for having me. So can you tell us a bit more about your project? Yes. So what we're proposing today is financial or insurance products for the pacific community. So we're looking at financially resilient communities across the Pacific. What we're looking at is this is a combined effort of Save the Children, QBE and the Bank of South Pacific. We're looking at developing two products. One that is at a micro level product that targets household, so well-being of livelihoods. And the other one more at a macro level, so targets infrastructure like communities, schools and hospitals and medical centres. Great. And have you already implemented in any countries? What's the level kind of development of the project? So this is the like the research and development phase. The stages that we're going to go through is there will be up to seven months of market assessments as well as social needs and impact across the Solomon Islands. And the reason why we want to invest in that is to have the products tailored to the needs of the community. So this is a chance for the community to tell us how they would like the product to be tailored, how they would like to get involved in these insurance products. Historically insurance has not been a big thing across the Pacific and this is kind of a new concept that we're coming with to the Pacific. So it would be really exciting to see the change in behavior and the acceptance of such a model. And are you thinking about local partners? How are you going to do the engagement? Yes, absolutely. So as I said, this is a joint initiative that would save the children in QBE and the Bank of South Pacific. The way we're going to go about it is by forming steering committees and it's really to get representatives from the communities to commit different provinces. We will have groups of women as well as groups of children. And at the same table, we will have representatives from the NDMOs, local governments, local NGOs. It's really critical to get the different levels of the different parties on the same table to have this ownership. Great. Well, thank you so much for joining us. Very interesting to hear what you're putting in. So next up, we've got so many interesting people today. I just have to say. Next up, I'd like to invite Simon Schwoll from the Beamer leapfrog project. And he's going to tell us what his amazing idea is. So how do you just talk about insurance? Yes. And you can speak about insurance as well. All right. So we're coming from a different angle. It's about assets reconstruction. It's about life and hospital insurance. What we've seen is that most people in the Pacific, actually 95% of people in the Pacific are not insured. They'll have access to formal kind of insurance. And when disasters hit, that's obviously a big problem. So we've designed insurance products that are affordable for the low income people and that they pay and subscribe to using their mobile phone. So you don't have to have to make a account. You don't have to be in the city and just use your phone to look to be insured. And you've tried this already? Yes. Somewhere else in the Pacific? I was in Papua New Guinea for a year and a half where I developed this project. We became pretty the first, the most popular product, insurance product in the Pacific. We sold 500,000 policies. And this is a model that exists in other parts of the world. We actually devised, actually operating in 15 countries now. Wow. And so this doesn't rely on money from aid programs or government assistance once that's been running? Exactly. Sustainable? Yes. So we're not an NGO. We're a for-profit company. And we plan to be profitable within one or two years to recommend and then improve yourself sustainable and be there. And there's something particular about your product that you're targeting not individuals, but their employers. So individuals, we already do that. We already provide this service to people in Papua New Guinea in Fiji and in the coming days, we're not in Fiji. But the enterprise targets and customers are forgetful customers that we cannot access yet. And they're almost definitely more difficult to access because we need to talk to the companies and the employers being more on behalf of the employees. Also, these markets that we're targeting, now we are somewhere in Fiji, our small markets, where we have a lot of challenges, a lot of difficult challenges. So that's why we're here to ask for a grant and for help. It's because we like to extend our reach to more people. But it's difficult to make it in this case. We've got it. Wonderful. Thank you so much Simon. Thanks for telling us and good luck with your idea. Thank you. And next we have Stefan Kraus from the Benoit to Disaster Response platform. Hey guys. Hi. How are you? Good. Where are you coming from? Where are you? Well, it's a really long bit of travel for me. I'm from Canberra. So I went about maybe a kilometer from my house. It's tough. Can you tell us about your project? Yeah, sure. So what we're proposing is kind of a number of different components that make up a platform to improve the capture, understand and share of data when it comes to disaster response. So what we know is that quality data is really critical to making decisions around allocation of resources and support and all of those things when it comes to disaster response. And working in Vanuatu already, after cycling PAM, we kind of identified a number of bottlenecks that exist in that process and we're trying to respond to some of those. Great. Would you want to tell us a little bit about the chemical aspect of it? Yeah. How are you approaching the solution? Yeah, sure. So I mean there are a few different components that we can expand on. One of them is when data collection happens, making sure that you have high quality surveys to ask the right questions at the right time is really important. So we want to kind of work with government and with partners to get that happen. And then the other real critical bottleneck is around the data analysis that comes back, that has to happen after data comes back. And we think that there's space to simplify and to use digital systems and the innovations to kind of simplify that analysis process. So that's a kind of space that we are working. Okay. Awesome. Great. Thank you so much. Yeah, thank you. Stefan and for making such a huge trip to get here. Yeah. Awesome. Thank you. Thank you for joining us on YouTube and on Twitter. It's been great engaging with you and you can learn more about the Pacific Humanitarian Challenge by going to our website PacificHumanitarianChallenge.org and keep using the hashtag rethinking response. Yeah, definitely keep the conversation going and we hope to hear from more new innovative ideas for disaster response in the Pacific and beyond. Thank you. Thank you.