I hope so. My name is Jeffrey. Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Jeffrey Harris. I'm better known in the preservation world by my nickname of Free. As just a quick introduction of myself, I'm an independent historian and historic preservation consultant based in Hampton, Virginia. And for the Old School National Trust for Historic Preservation folks, I was the first director for diversity years ago for the organization. And it is a pleasure to be with you all today and back at a preservation at a national preservation conference the past forward to talk specifically about LGBTQ historic preservation related issues. So with that said, let me begin to move on and introduce the rest of the panel and we can begin with Dr. Megan springing. Oh, I'm sorry. Oh, there you go. I'm Megan springing. I worked at the National Park Service. I was the editor of the LGBTQ theme study for the National Park Service and the National Park Foundation. I am currently director of engagement for the America 250 foundation. We are working towards 2026, which is of course, the 250th since the signing of the Declaration of Independence. And we are working to make it the largest and most inclusive commemoration in our nation's history and making sure that everybody is meaningfully included. So I'm really glad to be here. Thanks for the invitation free. My pleasure. Shane. Hi. Hi, free. Hi, everyone. Hi. Hi, Frankie. Hi, Megan. I'm Shane Watson. I'm an architectural historian based in the San Francisco Bay Area. I was the co author, co director of San Francisco's historic context statement for LGBTQ history with Donna Graves and Donna and I also co authored the San Francisco chapter for the National Park Services LGBTQ America theme study. I am the founding chair of the GLBT historical society's historic places working group and I'm super happy to be here. So thanks for inviting me free. My pleasure, Frankie. Hello, everyone. It's so nice to see all these great other queer people on the screen that we're going to be talking about all this stuff. My name is Frank Fenyone. I am founder and principal of twisted preservation cultural consulting. We do a lot of work internationally looking at marginalized narratives expanding history sites, understandings of what the stories are. Before this, I ran the historic house trust for the city of New York, all of their historic sites and before that, the Philadelphia Society for the Preservation of Landmarks and also right now I'm CEO of Old Salem Museums and Gardens and the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts in Winston Salem, North Carolina and free as always. I'm happy to be here and happy to have this great conversation today. So thank you all. So I'm really glad that you all have joined us for this conversation. It's always a fun, key, talking about LGBTQ preservation issues. Anyone who has been to past national preservation conferences or past forwards know that we can cut up a good little rug, having a good time talking about serious topics, but laughing and joking at the same time because that's what we do. And it's important to do that because it's good to have that sense of balance when dealing with challenging issues, when dealing with difficult topics, and when dealing with the general vicissitudes of historic preservation. I should add that I also contributed a chapter to the National Park Service Theme Study and I wrote specifically about African American LGBTQ historic places and why they matter. So with that in mind, I wanted to begin by noting that this is the five-year anniversary of the publication of that monumental piece of work, a first for the federal government focusing on the preservation of LGBTQIA plus historic places and really giving the opportunity for the federal government to, you know, place a marker in our field, in our subject area to say, okay, here's some basic information. It's going out in the world. What, you know, here's, do with it what you will. So with each of you and anyone can start, how do you feel five years on about doing, you know, about what we did, then what happened then and what you've seen in the interim period between then and now? Anyone can start? Guess I'll start. I am so proud of that work and I am so proud of the efforts of so many people who went into that work. And, you know, there were some there were some challenging conversations and possibly with some folks who are here in the audience today and I appreciate every single one of them because it made it better, being it more inclusive, made it better, and a lot of folks showed a lot of grace when I stepped into things. Yeah, I can't believe it's been five years already. I do also, I want to just say that the theme study with some revisions and a little bit of new content has also been published in a three volume series with Bergen Books and my co editor, I see her in the audience. Katie Crawford Lackey is is stalking us here in this meeting today. So that that work continues to live on and and do things. So, I'm really, I'm really excited. I mean, I know it hasn't done all the things for everybody, but I'm very, very proud of the work that came out of all of that work. Okay. Yeah, so I was going to like kind of my main point today was going to be we haven't seen so much direct response to the theme study in San Francisco because we do have the context statement in place. But one thing that I have seen at the grassroots level, which it just really, really moved me is when the folks were creating the what used to be the Comptons Transgender Cultural District in San Francisco, it's now just the transgender cultural district. But that group of organizers, community activists really look to the mention of Comptons and that transgender history in the San Francisco chapter of the theme study as a like a rallying cry, thinking or you know, saying things like the federal government believes that this place is important. Everyone here in San Francisco needs to understand the importance. But I just loved that they not only that they read it, that they knew about it, because it's pretty obscure, but that they used it and they were empowered by it and I can't think of a better example than that. And you know, at the time when when the launch of the initiative occurred, I was director of the historic house trust in the city of New York and one of the sites was the Alice Austin house and at that time the Alice Austin house was not telling any narrative of Alice and Gertrude's 50 year relationship. And in fact, even Alice Austin's photographs were interpreted as Victorian kind of fun, not really same sex, same gender issues in the photographs. And as soon as I knew about the unveiling of the initiative, we had just hired Janice Monger, who's just an excellent executive director. She was the new executive director at the Alice Austin house. She knew that I really wanted to kind of push in this direction. I got us a ticket on the train. We went down to DC. We sat in the audience while they unveiled the initiative. And since then Alice, Janice has told me that that was the thing that gave her the kind of validation. She already had it herself, but it gave her the validation to move in a very strong direction for the Alice Austin house. And I'm happy to say that since I've left, the Alice Austin house now walks in the pride parade in New York City. And that's just an amazing thing. If you had any understanding of what that house, you know, back in the early nineties with the lesbian Avengers storming their fundraising because they weren't talking about Gertrude and Gertrude, a picture of Gertrude is on the family wall now in the Alice Austin house. So I mean, that's just my little kind of that happened. And it was real. And it was an effect that maybe you all didn't even weren't even aware of. What happened at Vizcaya? I'm not sure. I'm sorry if I'm going off track. Yeah, I saw that as well. And I have to admit, I am not sure. It's so am I because it's popped up a few times. Is there any way to get in touch with them? Well, well, that could it could be we were, you know, we're kind of having a free form conversation. But toward the end, we could just do a Q&A. And perhaps, you know, someone who knows about the Vizcaya story could share that with the rest of us, please. So it's I have to admit from my vantage point in Virginia, the Commonwealth had really begun efforts to examine LGBTQ history in the state and trying to begin the process of identifying places that already may be may have been on the National Register, but also identifying new places. And one of the places that ultimately gets talked about now is the is as your rest south, which is located in Ettrick, Virginia on the campus of Virginia State University and historically Black College University here in the state. And it was the home of a Mausoleum Meredith, a self self taught architect in who did a lot of work in the international style for herself and her partner Edna Mead Coulson, who was another professor there at Virginia State University. And that seems to be a nice, wonderful touchstone for, you know, a real marker for LGBTQ history in the Commonwealth of Virginia. And it's a point of pride I have to admit for me that it's an African American story that it is an African American, you know, same gender loving story that, you know, that that is sort of the when you think of Virginia and LGBT history, that is a site that pops up for the most part first. And and how cool is that that we have that so having written about that particular site for my chapter, which I will admit for everybody out there hearing, that was a daunting task. I remember when I got that email from Megan, and I thought to myself, Lord Jesus, and happen African American LGBTQ historic places really, how am I going to do? How am I going to do this and not just set a fire? You know, and on a super tight deadline on a very tight on a ridiculously tight deadline, you know, so it became it was a genuine labor of love for me, because it was an opportunity for a growing an opportunity for me to put both my academic history training and my historic preservation experience together in a nice academic work. It was it was amazing. Oh, I see Susan, Valentino is here now. And yeah, someone is working on an NHL nomination for Azure S South. So that's that's amazing. But you know, here we have Frank. Yes. No, I just I don't want to interrupt. I just I'm raising my hand. Yeah, no, go right ahead. Okay, now you got me back where I was teaching. I'm sorry. It's been years since I was in a classroom. So I really would love I really would love to throw this out for all of us to talk about and because of where my work and my public history practices, it's really big questions. And that is that there are established history sites that we all know have queer narratives that we keep bashing our heads against the wall, trying to get those sites to tell the stories. Right. And then there are entirely new unlandmarked on 501c3 sites, right, that that are kind of a fresh start. In my I'm an old man. I'm 56 in my time in public history. The the attempt to make established history sites tell the queer story is so daunting and so difficult that it does veer it pushes me into trying to just tell the story where somebody already hasn't laid their flag, right. And I'd love to hear what you all think about that because that's my that's kind of where I live with my public practice. I'd love to hear what you all think about that. Sure, anyone jump in, please. Anybody? I'm sorry, just to quickly clarify what you're saying. So you you're talking about a site that has been recognized as significant for another reason, a site? Yeah.  This is not the narrative that we tell. It's architecturally significant.  And it's just kind of update and we refuse to update that narrative to include that information with that we know. Yeah.  So when you're bumping up against this issue with people, who are you talking about like the municipality or National Park Service, I have not experienced that. So I would love to know. I would probably say municipalities, certainly private organizations run by boards of directors. And I would say there are more history sites not owned by the federal government than owned by the federal government. So the truth is the power of this LGBTQ narrative has to come from the grassroots private area. At least that's my thought. Megan, what do you think about that? Yeah. I mean, there are some significant places where they've come around. I'm thinking of Hall House in Chicago. I'm thinking of Val Kil, the NPS site, Eleanor Roosevelt, the Glass House. There are places that the conversation has, and Alice Austin's house. They've come around and the world has not ended because they're convinced that the world is going to end. And that their funding will drop. That's their big bloodshed. And maybe it has at least initially. I don't know what all the numbers are, but I think a strong argument there because people also will go but the children and we don't want to offend people. And it's like, no, actually, you are choosing who to offend by keeping these stories out. It is not an apolitical decision. Silence serves the oppressor, et cetera, et cetera. So I think there's queer folks, and I'm 50, so I've got a bit of a long look at where this all is coming from. But I think we have always learned to keep our heads down when the space is not a safe space. And so we have tended, we, me, whatever, to just be sad or mad about it quietly and just go away instead of contacting the board of directors and saying, excuse me, hello, what is this? This is crazy. And I think that that kind of pressure can move things. I mean, it certainly can move things in the federal government. You contact your Congress critter and raise a stink and all of those things. But I think that we've sort of just learned to keep our heads down. And that's a really interesting concept that as the queer community were used to being pushed into those in-between spaces. And it's very, at least for me, I'll speak as you were doing, I'll speak for myself personally. As a public historian, there's always that voice in your head which is, well, maybe they're right. Maybe this isn't true. Maybe DuPont wasn't queer and winter tour looks like that because it was a straight man. I mean, you do try to convince yourself that the dominant culture actually has it fully correct. And it does take a little bit of kind of rethinking and constantly rethinking and maneuvering. But you do, somebody used the term gaslet. It's absolutely true. I can't tell you how many times working on a project if the historic documentation is not there, which by traditional dominant culture methodology, it's a written document signed by the person that says, I am a gay or lesbian, which of course they're not going to have done. They won't tell the story. And so it is, it's just a, we don't have to dwell on it, but it is a place where, for instance, this work by the National Park Service finds a difficult wall, if that makes sense. I think bringing, oh, I'm sorry, go ahead, Shane, and then I'll jump in. I was going to kind of bring it to the, I was going to bring up something related to the theme study again, but go ahead. Yeah, no, please do. Please do because I was going to move, I'm going in a slightly different direction to bring it back to an earlier point that was made. Also building off of what Frankie just talked about, but so now that I've had a half of a cup of coffee and I'm waking up. It is earlier there where you are. That's true. 1pm. Like if we take a couple steps back and sort of realize what we created with this theme study and in the window that we created it, I mean, there was so much desperation and anxiety about getting it done before Obama left office, which I think was real. Had it extended into Trump's administration, it wouldn't have happened. I think we all agree. So that alone for me is the fact that it even exists is still sort of incomprehensible. It's amazing given what we've come as queer preservationists. It's, if we just look back to 2009, I say 2009, that's when I was working on my master's thesis when I sort of started looking at what was going on nationally. And I found or I was given a response from the National Park Service to the first Stonewall National Register nomination. And it was Jay Shockley from the New York City landmarks sent it to me, faxed it to me. Actually, that says a lot of how long it was. But it was terribly homophobic in response. And straight up, no, no, there was no sugar coating in that. None. It was like, okay, great. This is gay, but you know, proves that it's worth it to me. So if you kind of look at it, come in such a short period of time, it does give me hope. But at the same time, Frankie, I am exhausted as, as a lesbian preservationist because I feel like that there aren't many, I don't know many of us, I haven't found many, but and I'm sure you feel the same way free. And you Megan, but and then some of who was it who wrote the, the, the post for the National Trust recently who talked about burnout and historic preservation, it was yes, Reina Reagan. And she specifically mentioned burnout by underrepresented minority groups. And I feel that way. And I just wanted to anyone else wanted to if anyone therapy about that. So, so two things. One, there was a point made about talk, you know, as a request made to talk about LGBTQIA bus queer professionals in the field and I remember when I entered into preservation, you know, from the academic world back in 2002.  And then I just kept wondering, well, do we do do we are there is are there a lot of people who do our own historic places? You know, do we do we turn and we turn our, our skill set on to our own history on to our own community. And of course, there were people who were doing that. But it felt as though that sort of early odds to mid odds period, there seem to be almost a bit of a shift where a lot of us started looking at our own historic places and beginning to really, you know, go with a little more force to go, hey, we, you know, our history is obviously relevant. We've had places that were listed earlier than that. But, you know, we really could use what we, you know, what we bring to the table to our history as other communities were beginning to do. And we were in even better placements by virtue of being embedded already within the very, you know, from the top to the, from the highest run to the lowest rung of the preservation, you know, field, we were all there, you know, bring and could bring to bear what we could, and still meeting that resistance that Frank has talked about, you know, even with that being the case with having that that availability there. So it is it has been, I think extremely important that we exist within the field to move the ball as the sport, you know, the move the needle, move the ball as forward as we have, recognizing still bringing up, you know, the that wonderful article about burnout that burnout is real.   And sure, you're not archaeologists. Yeah. Try be try look try being in a story in this right now. So, you know, it's and you do we come up with our we come up with our own versions of coping. And it was really nice to see somebody just put into words, that general sense of like, Oh, yeah, absolutely. And I, I, I responded immediately when I saw it in the historic preservation professionals group on Facebook, like, thank you for this. It needed to be acknowledged, you know, thank you very much. And recognizing that that the communities that the communities of color, you know, and, you know, the non traditional communities, sort of outsider groups have a particular sense of that. It's, it's so true. But even with that in mind, I think that, you know, moving to another point that we had that had come up earlier was just sort of talking about the idea of working with looking at new places, as opposed to dealing with, you know, existing, you know, landmarks listed spots. I think that that is actually a wonderful opportunity. You know, as we're doing these different context studies, as we're finding new places that deserve recognition. That is an opportunity for us, I think, to really, you know, sort of put the weight of what we do into those spaces to become, you know, templates in the end for these places that are a bit resistant. And as we see more municipalities, you know, I'm working on a historic context study of LGBTQ historic places for the city of Raleigh, North Carolina, something I'm sure that people who live in Raleigh would be like, wait, what? And there were people who were genuinely surprised when we launched that, you know, and saying, wow, this is amazing that, you know, the city is doing that. Atlanta is doing something similar. Other cities are doing something similar, and they're not the traditional, you know, just down the eastern seaboard or down on the west coast. We're starting to see, you know, the south, we're starting to see, you know, the interior of the countries get there. And I think that by beginning to turn our focus on, you know, these other communities, these newer places that aren't designated, we have an opportunity to really get a good smattering of LGBTQ historic places around the country. And I've even suggested, let's look at famous people, you know, who move to cities. How about we go back to where they're from? Blammark those places that are associated with the famous LGBTQ folks, but where they're from and do that. And I will be quiet so that Frank can go. No, that's all right. I just, I want to, I just want to jump onto that and say that in doing the research on queer sacred spaces that my husband and I are doing, one of the things that just keeps popping up in the study Megan also kept, it kept popping back up and that is the unusually intersectional and oddly configured places, not even architecture or spaces, just even the rambles or a street corner or an alleyway, the kind of absence of a place is in itself. When we talk about queer importance, like, like we're only able to go in places that they're not paying attention to, which means that they're in between spaces. And I want you to try to landmark an in between space. And I'm sure it's happened. I mean, you know, I'm generalizing, but it's really difficult to not have a massive theater in the art deco style that you can landmark and say that blah, blah, blah was queer. You know, so I'd love to talk about how to truly and accurately depict importance in the queer community. Johnny and I are really leaning into the idea of behaviors and activities as worthy of landmarking rather than structures and spaces. But I don't know what that would mean in terms of a landmarking process. But in many cases, when that behavior ceases, that space ceases to be a queer space, unlike dominant culture. And so I'd love to hear what you guys think of that. I think that relates also to when you think of places we've lost. As you were talking, I kept thinking of the Red Light District in DC, along South Capitol Street that I certainly enjoyed when I first moved back to DC as an adult. And all of those in between spaces that existed for so many people in that. And now there's the baseball stadium that's there.  You know, yeah, it'd be nice to be able to plant something smack dab in the middle of, you know, home plate and go, yeah, by the way, you know, these things were here and these activities didn't happen. But yeah, I, it's, but I often, as you were saying that, I thought about all of the places that are missing, that are gone, or even places that have changed.   It's different, you know, which is interesting. But how do you tell that again?  Two years ago. Oh, did they really? Yeah. Try to keep it going. Okay, yeah. Yeah. I just, you know, it goes back to the, I go, and I think the idea of these fleeting moments, the shifting landscapes is yes, but also dominant culture also, right? Like, that's why we have periods of significance. Because it says in this, in this moment, so if we're looking at something like the ramble, you know, in Central Park, or, you know, whatever cruising neighborhoods, like, that history is still there of a particular time. And I know integrity, right? Like, I will, I'll bring up, I'll bring up the, right, the bugaboo in the room is the, is integrity.  So like the meatpacking district in New York City is now full of, you know, fancy pants, places that I can't afford to even look at, never mind live in, which was not the case, you know, in the 70s and 80s.  And that is used to sort of poo poo the work, right? It's like, well, you've got an agenda, and so whatever.    So you have to just sort of do the thing and, and hopefully something like the theme study gives some legitimacy and cover to folks who want to do that work, right? It was never conceived of it. I see Stephanie Tuthman is on the on the call and this a lot of the theme study doing is Stephanie. So thank you. But it was never meant to be a beginning in it. It was never meant to be the end of like the release of the theme study was never the end of the project. It was just the beginning. Right. Yeah. But yeah, it's a very, very large jumping off point. Yeah. But I've struggled, right? I struggled my whole life with this, like, well, you just have a self interest. Yeah. And it wasn't until I was well in my 40s that I was like, well, screw that. I don't care. I'm going to do what I'm going to do. It's interesting. Yep. That's an activity until I was my 40s.   And the notion of whatever that gay agenda is with landmarking or historic narrative seems to be synonymous with a lot of people. And I'm not even sure what that means to me as a queer person, you know, but I do feel like people are really vigilantly aware that as an openly gay married man that I'm going to try to bring that agenda to history sites or in this case landmarking or telling the narratives through interpretation. Because of people who will, who will tell the story. Like we are all here. We're telling our histories here.  You know, like we, we have to write our own history because no one else seems to be interested in it. And that's what we're doing. We are pushing the queer agenda in preservation, because no one else is going to push it. Well, and as was pointed in the chat, every, every person who does any kind of any work like this is pushing some sort of a self-interested agenda. They'll have a particular perspective. They come with their own biases to a site. If, you know, I'm interested in music-related historic places, guess what?  It is relevant and it deserves this landmarking.  Well, so did you, so did somebody when they were, you know, when the first sets of sites were listed. That was an agenda. Yeah, but that white, right, that, that white middle class kind of urban I should have probably said upper middle class. Experience, right, is, is, is, is the, is the American norm. It's the, it's the unspoken, it's, it's never spoken. It's the, it's the thing that we judge everything else against without saying we are comparing everything against this. It is like this weird unspoken mirror void thing. What's the phrase? It's omniscient and omnipresent. That's way better than weird mirror ball sphere thing. Hey, free. So what, where do you were asking us this question before we actually got on? So this, this discussion has been about like where we are, where, where this great study took us. We're sharing some stories, war battles or whatever about where we are. Let's talk a little bit maybe about what we see from our experience. You really started to slow your role to keep achieving that. Wait, you're going to have to repeat that because you kind of went into a, a slo-mo sorry something or other. I'm interested. You mentioned this to us to think about, and I think it's a good point. What in the future? Yeah. What, what do we need to think about to keep pushing? For instance, everything that was in that theme study and all the work that we've all been doing and people who might be more emerging professionals behind us. What's our suggestion about how to keep this momentum moving? I genuinely think that one of the, a central issue that, that we really need to tackle are these, are the, the parameters that, that we keep running into, the rules, if you will, of what is deemed relevant? What is, you know, what is integrity? Well, we can, we should be able to play with that.  We should be able to consider, you know, expanding, you know, what it is, how it is we come to a conclusion that something is worth designating because everything is just not going to fall. We, we long have needed, I feel like I'm rambling, we've long needed to go, go up to, through, around and down all the existing rules that we have in place for getting something designated listed, you know, deemed historically relevant. We need to go back through all of that stuff and just say, look, this is, we, we, this is stale. Is stale, is tired, it's played. We need to come up with some new things. We need to come up with new standards. We need to re-examine that which got us here because we're losing out on identifying and, and recognizing places that are relatively significant to a wide variety of populations that exist out here. You know, not just LGBTQIA class. It's, it's every, it's, it's every, it's every other group, even down to white folks need to start breaking things down by a category. This is my historian's mind going in, you know, labor history. Well, what do we do with, what do we do with a mine, a mining site?  You know, that can be historically relevant. What do you do with that? You know, how do we talk about integrity in that space? How do we talk about integrity when it comes to immigrant communities?  You know, how do we deal with those sorts of things? Because those places often were transient.  So if we begin the process of, I believe, almost doing coalition building with all of our peers who are running into similar walls, I think that's the beginning point. You know, say, look, here are commonalities. Let's go to the powers that be and say, you need to change this. You know, and, you know, we can look through our friends at the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Let's do a queer presentation conference. Just a, just a queer preservation conference. Oh, you say that like nobody else has work. Or has to pay bills. Right. Exactly. Not doing that. No. You know, I did not, I haven't won the lottery yet. I'm sorry. It hasn't happened quite.  Yes. But women's history is American history and black history is American history. All of it. Look, we have to, on one hand, you need the, the, the lane, right, where people are focusing and we're doing queer history, but you also need the lane where people are doing American history and including it. It's always the idea of integrate, of bringing, you know, you have your specialties and your fields of specialization, you know, but it's, it's always been important, at least from an academic perspective, academic history perspective, to bring all of that information back into the general narrative to really tell that story going forward. And it looks like we lose Frank. Temporarily, maybe. But it always has been, I think, relevant to want to marry that narrative because the narratives that we know are insufficient. They don't tell as full a story as they could. So it's always important to, you know, yeah, we have people, you know, I'm African-American, African-American, that's what I do. However, I know that the information that I learned as an African-Americanist needs to go back into a general narrative because it gives us a better understanding of what was going on in the historical era that I'm dealing with, generally speaking. We can do the same with regard to LGBTQIA plus or queer, you know, whichever one comes quicker, you know, in terms of saying it. So I say that as a challenge to all of us who are here in the room, that as we, you know, sort of go, as we go forth doing our work, really try to challenge ourselves to tell those different stories that represent our community, but always having an eye and reasserting those individuals in those places into the broader American historical narrative because that's where it belongs.  And, you know, it's, and it's not easy. Lord knows it is, it is not easy. And even with regard to something like funding, you know, we can push those boundaries, we've tried to push those boundaries as well, you know, convince people to do that. But some of it we may have to do for free. And I'm free. Someone said, do you have any advice as a young queer person looking to enter the preservation field? That's a really good question, right? Because this work has to continue and hear somebody asking what advice we might have. Go, someone. Well, I talked a lot. No, someone else go. No, you started. Go. No, you started. Go, Shane. Well, I was going to say, you know, we do want to convince everyone else, all other Americans, that LGBTQ history is American history. Not all Americans are going to be interested in this history, but who will be our younger queer people who, who need to know about this history. It's vital. It's crucial to their survival. I kind of felt like I was clueless about LGBTQ history before I started doing this work. And I kind of found myself like even coming out more as I learned more about this history and kind of realized like what we've been through, what people have been through before us, how lucky we are to even be having this conversation right now. So most importantly, it is kind of important for young queer people to keep identifying these places, keep uncovering this history that's been hidden for so long. But yeah, that's not exactly an answer to the question of how do I get into queer preservation? Someone wants to take that. Just do it. My recommendation is, you know, in San Francisco, there were no lesbian landmarks. And I was like, we got to get a lesbian landmark. Let's do this. We need a context statement. Let's do this. So my advice is, if you're interested and you can get some funding, which is number one, do it, you know, go to your local planning department and work with them.  So reach out. Don't assume that someone else is doing it because in our case, no one else is doing it.   I know that I have a unique perspective on what I'm doing.  And that will have an effect on preservation as a whole. If we can find that link, it'd be great to put it up. It's Margaret Middleton about queer sensibility. Might be in the public historian, but it's a really good piece. And I put a link earlier to an article. So for those who don't know, I'm a historical archaeologist by training. And I posted a link to an article called Why Standpoint Matters by Alison Wiley, who is a philosopher of science and slash archaeology. And it is the sort of short version is we all see the world through our own lenses. And when you come from a place that is not the dominant culture, then you or from whatever your background is, right, you see the world through your own lens, and you're able to ask different questions like as a queer person, it's like, well, okay, you're talking about like, in an archaeology example, you're talking about these like pre-human hominids, right, living in these family units that oddly mimic the sort of, you know, man, woman, 2.4 kids and a dog, like, that's crazy. So tell me why you have the right, you were able to call out these assumptions that color everything we do is the sort of short version. And yeah, sorry, historical archaeologists for the folks asking, I do our archaeology of the post contact period. Unfortunately, if I'm looking at my plot correctly, it is roughly 420, which I believe was the allotted time that we had. And I want to make sure that I'm getting that right. If not, then it's on a 430. But I did want to at least get in really quickly, sort of practical things to a young to young queer person who's going into preservation, please definitely look at internships. Those are always important. You want to, you know, I started off as an intern at the National Trust for Historic Preservation when I was in my PhD history program. And, you know, unfortunately, I just got a note that we did in fact reach time. Internships, internships, internships, reach out to the professionals that you know of or that you see in fora like this, and move forward with that. Just reach out to us. We'll all be happy to speak to you. Thank you so much. I knew we were going to lose track of time and have a wonderful conversation.  I hope that it was helpful to each of you. I hope you continue to have a wonderful conference. Stay safe out there. COVID is still going on and take care of yourselves. Thank you very much. Thank you all. Thank you all. We didn't get your questions answered.  Yeah, we all have that money for that. Please come to our conference. Bye. And David, do we just do and today to the tech, do we just all sign off?


This video covers the second part of introduction to cytology for human anatomy. As we go, we will cover the following study objective, describe the structure of the plasma membrane and its overall functions. Plasma membrane is the semipermeable barrier surrounding and containing the cell, separates the extracellular fluid from intracellular fluid, and it's selectively permeable, enabling the cell to control what enters and exits. There are also cell markers and receptors on the surface on the plasma membrane that function for cell recognition in order for the leukocytes of the immune system to recognize what cells in our body are normal cells and what cells are foreign, pathogenic bacteria or what cells are healthy and what cells are cancerous or infected with viruses. The receptors bind hormones or other chemical messages like neurotransmitters that are important for cell communication and there are also proteins on the surface that bind to the extracellular materials or other cells in order to stabilize the position of the cell and its environment. The structure of the plasma membrane is mostly a bilayer of phospholipids, a phospholipid has a hydrophilic head made of phosphate and glycerol, and this hydrophilic head, hydrophilic means water loving, so the hydrophilic head will orient towards the water in the extracellular and intracellular fluid. This is a bilayer, so both the inner and the outer surface of the plasma membrane has the hydrophilic heads facing the cytosol and extracellular fluid. And then the hydrophobic tails are fatty acids that are attached to the glycerol of the hydrophilic head. The hydrophobic tails orient inward. This is a bilayer, so there's the tails of the outer layer facing the tails of the inner layer forming a lipid interior to the phospholipid bilayer. Here we see an illustration of the plasma membrane, which is mostly a phospholipid bilayer, but also contains many proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Integral membrane proteins are proteins that are embedded in the membrane and span the entire bilayer. There are also peripheral proteins that are embedded in the membrane facing the extracellular or intracellular fluid, the cytosol or the extracellular fluid, and some of the integral membrane proteins function as receptors in order to detect hormones or neurotransmitters or other chemical messages and then relay signals into the cytosol in order to regulate the function of the cell. The phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane creates a semipermeable barrier that prevents water soluble chemicals from being able to freely diffuse in and out of the cell. However, there are channel proteins embedded in the plasma membrane that enable water soluble chemicals to pass through. However, these channel proteins allow the cell to regulate what chemicals are able to cross the plasma membrane. You can also see here there are glycoproteins, which are proteins with carbohydrates attached, and glycolipids, which are lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Together, these form the glyco-calyx, which is an important marker on the surface of the cell recognized by leukocytes of the immune system to recognize our own cells and to distinguish foreign cells that are potentially pathogens that could make us sick. Another chemical found in the plasma membrane is cholesterol. Cholesterol is a lipid that binds to the hydrophobic tails, will associate with the hydrophobic tails and stabilize the plasma membrane. The transport of chemicals across the plasma membrane can involve passive diffusion. A small non-polar molecule will diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane because the interior hydrophobic tails are not a barrier to non-polar chemicals. Oxygen is an example of a small non-polar molecule that would just diffuse from high concentration to low concentration across the plasma membrane. This is passive transport because the cell does not have to spend energy in the form of ATP in order to move oxygen into the cell. It just diffuses down its concentration gradient. Water soluble chemicals that are not able to diffuse through the plasma membrane can diffuse across the plasma membrane through a channel protein. This is called facilitated diffusion where a protein that's embedded in the plasma membrane creates a pore or a channel through that allows a water soluble chemical to diffuse an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane down its concentration gradient. We can see here an example of a semipermeable membrane on the left where there's a higher concentration of solute on one side than the other. There's a high concentration of solute on the right and a low concentration of solute on the left. Then what would happen in this situation is that water would move from the low concentration of solute to where the solute concentration is high. Water would move by osmosis to the right. Now we have an equal concentration of solute on both sides of the semipermeable membrane as a result of osmosis. We can see the example of osmosis through the cell membrane. See what happens if we take a red blood cell, an erythrocyte, and place it into solutions with different concentrations. An isotonic solution is a solution that has a solute concentration that is equal to the inside of the cell. The cytosol and the surrounding solution have an equal concentration of water to dissolve solutes. The movement of water in and out of the cell is balanced. In this situation, the cell doesn't increase in volume or decrease in volume because the amount of water moving in and out is balanced. However, if we were to place a cell in a hypertonic solution, a hypertonic solution is a solution that has a concentration of solutes that's higher than the cytosol, if we place the erythrocyte in a hypertonic solution, water will move out of the cell from the cytosol into the extracellular fluid, and this will cause the cell to shrink. The opposite situation is if we place the erythrocyte in a hypotonic solution, a hypotonic solution has a solute concentration that's lower than the cytosol, and so water will move into the cytosol by osmosis, causing the erythrocyte to grow, to expand, and if too much water enters the cell more than the volume of the cell can handle, it will rupture or cause the cell to lace or rupture open. Active transport requires ATP to move solutes across the membrane. There are transport pumps, solute pumps that are proteins embedded in the plasma membrane that use ATP in order to pump solutes across the plasma membrane. One example is the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. The sodium-potassium pump is found in the plasma membrane of many cells and is important for creating a high concentration of potassium in the cytosol and a low concentration of sodium. So this sodium-potassium pump will move sodium out of the cytosol and potassium into the cytosol, and every time that it moves three sodium ions out of the cytosol and two potassium ions into the cytosol, one molecule of ATP is broken down into ADP and a phosphate group. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. ATP is an energy currency used by proteins inside cells. In order to release the energy from ATP, one of the three phosphate groups is removed, producing adenosine diphosphate and a free phosphate. And the energy released from breaking ATP down into ADP and a phosphate is used to pump three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell. And this concentration gradient that's created by the sodium-potassium pump is then often used by other membrane transporters in order to facilitate the movement of ions across the membrane. For example, the movement of glucose can be facilitated by the movement of sodium as sodium moves down its concentration gradient. It can bring glucose in through a glucose transport protein. Endocytosis is the process that moves extracellular material into the cell, forming a small package of membrane, where the plasma membrane buds inward and wraps around some of the extracellular fluid and particles in the extracellular fluid, and then buds inward, forming a small chamber. Here we can see three different forms of endocytosis. There is phagocytosis, literally translated as cell eating, where the plasma membrane is wrapped around a large particle, such as a bacterial cell, and that particle is brought into the cell to form, we can see here what's called a vacuole. Another example is called pinocytosis. In pinocytosis, the cell takes in a sample of the extracellular fluid with small particles, and the in-budding formed from the pinocytosis we see here is called a vesicle.  The membrane surrounding the vesicle is very similar to the structure of the plasma membrane and forms from the plasma membrane of the cell when it pinched inward in pinocytosis. Another example of endocytosis is called receptor-mediated endocytosis, where a cell takes in a particle with a specific structure that binds to receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane. When those chemicals with a very specific shape, which are called ligands, bind to the receptor, the plasma membrane buds inward and forms a vesicle. This vesicle is called a coated vesicle because there's a protein coat of the proteins that are important for recognizing the particle binding to the receptor and then forming the inward-budding structure. Exocytosis is essentially the opposite of endocytosis and is another active transport process in exocytosis. A vesicle merges with the plasma membrane, spilling its contents into the extracellular fluid. Exocytosis is a common mechanism for cells to release hormones or neurotransmitters. Here we can see an example of pancreatic cells that have secretory vesicles. Those secretory vesicles inside of the pancreas secrete hormones and also enzymes. This example is showing secretory vesicles that are filled with enzymes that are secreted from the pancreas out through ducts that connect into the small intestine. Those enzymes are important for digesting food to break down the chemicals in our food, releasing nutrients that we can absorb. Exocytosis is used in order to release secretory vesicles full of digestive enzymes from the pancreas into ducts that carry those enzymes out into the intestines.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com coming at you with 2020 Panini score football 4 box pick your team number 3 from jaspyscasebrakes.com a very big thank you to all of these folks for getting into the action right here brand-new draft class Matt Hedges big thanks to him grabbing the last two teams for that double last-bought mojo Thanks everyone else for getting in now. There is a special promo here aside from those three quarterbacks Right Joe burrow Justin Herbert and Tua all the other base rookie cards will be randomized as one lot to one person in the break So even if you bought the cheapest team you can get a stack of base rookie cards Now if they're an insert rookie that'll go to their respective teams if it's a rookie card That's numbered it'll go to their respective teams only the non numbered non insert rookie cards will go to one person That's a randomizer at the very end. Of course Joe burrow still goes to the bangles all Justin Herbert still go to the chargers and all Tua's will go to Miami and four autographs per box on average everything else goes to their respective teams and vet commons will not ship Mike tower saying Joe Lombardi current quarterbacks coach for the Saints and former Lions offensive coordinator is the grandson of Vince Lombardi There you go And if you're wondering Mike Lombardi not related to Vince Lombardi All right now I'm pretty sure there's a nice little pattern to this score football Where there's a lot of see all the vet cards are right here But then once you get to that first parallel 47 out of 50 gold zone for the Cowboys which will go to Joe Clinton will randomize those as well Then it gets into rookie cards These are all rookies right here That goes into the rookie pile and then more vets right here Right so these don't ship. These are veteran commons Then once we hit that first parallel right there KJ Hamler I will put in this stack right here These are all rookies Insert insert insert Right I didn't miss any of the There you go that's the pattern There's cam acres to 100 And there's our first Joe burrow for the bangles Jonathan Spears Chris Conley Parallel And Chase Claypool is our first autograph And these will go to the teams that they're currently on Chase Claypool You sure guaranteed that's or is it just because Vince Lombardi is on TV right now I think you're right actually All right so here's the checklist that we're going to be going by for everybody right there Checklist is in the chat Nick's going to help us out on the top cam right there to make that a little bit larger And Claypool is a stealer Wow that goes to Scott and Pittsburgh That's what you meant the original Right right right Very close You had one of the right colors in mind There's Leonard Williams at 35 Inserts Rookies Let's Claypool the creator of the South Park intro Dude could you really do the theme park or south park Theme song for south park Yeah Oh okay Antonio Candy Golden Right Javon Kinlaw Javon Kinlaw goes to the San Francisco 49ers He goes to Michael Armstrong with that Yeah it does So like I said these base rookies will be given to one person as in one big lot right there The tuas of course will go to the burrows and the herberts will go to their respective teams This tua will go to Leonard The burrow house Oh yeah I just go by the name Not the picture Rookie pile South Park yeah not a family friendly show I would play that in the background but Alright we've got Darius Slayton for the Giants 12 out of 20 That's a catch or that's a Interception I guess Or a catch? Is he a wide receiver? That's a catch I don't know he's got two sewer bowls All the quarterbacks so two sewer bowls are in the Hall of Famer Hall of Famer Hall of Famer Casey 16 out of 50 Breakthrough Joe Mixon Rookie Rookie Rookie He's okay folks Henry Ruggs is okay He'll be on time for training camp That's what I saw on the ESPN ticker Lynn Bowden Junior also orator And we've got a Thaddeus Moss autograph Nice that's Randy's kid right? Randy Moss's kid on LSU? Or is it Zachary Moss? No father Randy Moss There he is Who picked up Thaddeus? The Redskins did That'll go to Jim Moran and the Redskins Two different show burrows anyway It goes to the Bengals Nice Thaddeus Moss Alright so there's another box right there Fancy stars Yeah I have it right here Ready to be random You wrote that left on one I know They'll figure it out No but we're trying to figure it out I drew the pictures just like this You didn't go by the front Well one of them I did So it's a top anyway Whatever top is yeah So for break one that's Jason I think I did it on the back And then pick your team two I did mine on the top Whatever that was They'll figure it out Nate Stanley We Gucci Nate Stanley Where's Nate Stanley go? Sure I don't know You weren't even looking Minnesota Viking you're right Vikings Nick Anderson Why did they put Joe Burrow in Ohio State and in LSU? We pulled both of his cards It's cool that he was At Ohio State for two seconds Fair enough Fair enough But can they even claim him though? Tua goes to Miami Leonard Has Thaddeus off him on Tua yet?  Yeah Maybe only Patreon subscribers Get the Jaspie podcast For a dollar a month Yeah, or a YouTube Plus subscriber YouTube Plus subscribers They're going to be a sponsor Of our YouTube channel Right Sorry Earl Thomas Ooh nice 9 out of 50 Gold Zone Joe Burrow Bangles Jonathan Spears 9 out of 50 That's his jersey number right? Yeah, his LSU jersey number Yeah I never heard the jersey number There you go Jonathan Nick do you collect anything In particular? Yeah, I like the puddle Marks is asking Eagles Besides Eagles Mike Trout And then I just I don't have a basketball team So I like Tyler Hiro A lot John Collins There you go I think the heat Are going to make some noise In the Eastern Conference I've got a little money On the heat And a little I kind of like James Harden too I think the Rockets Could shock some people this year I've got James Harden Or I've got Rockets Money on the Rockets I sure do Yeah, interesting theory Like they're saying that Why James Harden Is never good in the playoffs Is because he's such a Ball-centric point guard He like Spends a lot of energy During the regular season But now we have this Michael Wong II We have this long hiatus Oh, that's an interesting handicap We have this long hiatus So he's going to be well rested During the three Who's this guy? Michael Warren II The Cincinnati Bearcat Eagles You're Eagles Oh, okay I don't know what round he was But maybe a late round We drafted a Boise State receiver I think we drafted a few Fun fact Michael earned the nickname The Truck in college I don't know Maybe because he trucks people over Perhaps He's a running bag He's a running bag Yeah, Nick's big on the Greg Popovich silvers as well Yeah, I like that You guys will laugh Yeah, when a PSA 10 Goes for like $100 $150 And you'll be like Alright, that wasn't bad For a dollar card, yeah You could have bought a Roth Hunter Bryant Greg Popovich You think I'm talking about The Spurs Betty Barman? She might be the next New York Knicks She might be the next Knicks coach yet I thought she was going to Take over the Spurs job Lions for Hunter Bryant That'll be for David Baker Kenny G To $100 More Joe Burroughs Ohio State Edition Bangles, Jonathan Spears Someone look up What those gold zone Joe Burroughs go for I'd be interested in Seeing what they go for These are the vets There's a Justin Herbert Scorecard, parallel Going to Matthew Scheer and the Chargers Chris Harris Junior Gold zone autograph 34 out of 50 For Matthew Scheer and the Broncos Not sure if that's going to be a He's definitely breaking up That pass, right? Other Justin Herbert For the Chargers That'll be Another one for Matthew Scheer Roquan Smith Bears There's some more rookies Right there Remember, everyone gets Those base rookies One person has a shot At all of those Aside from those three Main quarterbacks These are just inserts Put right there Their box right here Next box, good luck TJ, what's going on? If NT stuff sells out Will Nick start early tomorrow? No Nick's planning on going on Leagues tomorrow It was Cory Davis Yeah, I think the I think our time's going to be Better spent going to Leagues Tomorrow because I think As it gets later People have enjoyed Their Friday nights You know, maybe they've Had an adult beverage or two Maybe they've been Maybe they've been seeing Look at all the crazy stuff Been pulled all day From NT And then maybe they think Alright, eff it It's my turn now Can't let everybody else Have all the big hits I don't know During the daylight hours If Nick is on too early I feel like people will Just play it a little too safe They're like, well, I don't Want to be the first Through the wall You know, I'm hesitant To pull the trigger It'll be But fortune can't favor the bold Someone's going to have to Run through that wall first That's what we want But we need everybody We need starters We need middle relievers We need closers You know, we need high rollers Medium rollers, low rollers We need everybody The root requires everybody To make a successful day Of great things happen If we all work together We can definitely do our part To pull as much magic as possible It's Gino Atkins to 35 That's iron already up to 56 I'm looking at it right now To refresh the page 78 bids, $56,600 For national treasures Ion, RPA to 99 Two days left in the auction So if you're wondering, gosh Why is that so expensive? Why is NT so expensive? Why are the pelicans so expensive? That's the reason why Alright, there's Gabriel Davis From UCF Buffalo Bills Buffalo! Jeffrey Punt with the bills These are all the vets Veteran Commons And Gerald Everett to 100 Sean Corbett, thank you He's saying the Burl Gold Zone of 50 Non-auto offer accepted At 80 bucks, that's not bad And another one listed for 125 Just as is, folks Not even graded That's crazy Good news for Burl collectors Next year Looks to be the future Erf Smith Jr., Vikings Autograph Is Jr., his auto says Going to Nick Anderson He's LSU Joe Burl For the Cowboys Blake Jarwin 9 out of 10 Have to keep those rookie piles Separated from the vet common pile A lot of concentration here And we've got Jeff Okuda There you go, Mark Slide by into those DMs Joker, what's going on? Josh, is that last mini break Not full yet? Not a single spot taken No, it must be full No, it's not We have to do break 23 Which is not full yet, okay Lions for Jeff Okuda These are all the The second year of vet commons Dolphins, that's going to go to Leonard Joker, yeah If you visit our website jaspyscasebreaks.com We do all sorts of things All sorts of things All sports I guess we have done all sports before They're not always available It always depends on New release schedule Football, baseball, basketball Sometimes we'll have soccer Sometimes we'll have some hockey Sometimes some tennis Yeah, you can even get XFL On our personal breaks channel If you wanted to At jaspysbreaks On Instagram only Anthony Gordon is a Seahawk Seattle, Donald Brasier With Seattle There you go Alright, one more box to go Alright, good luck Last box Whoa Joe Burrell, Goldzone autograph 34 out of 50 For Jonathan Spears and the Bengals Wow, Jay, what's up? Joey B Nice break for the Bengals That is nice And you get this Joe Burrell NFL Draft card here too Darius Slay, it's a 50 All the veteran commons That's the vet commons group Cole Beasley, so on and so forth O.J. Howard under the radar Justin Herbert, Bryce Love for Jim Moran And the Redskins Wow, the Joe Burrell autograph Sean saying 430 raw That's kind of secondary market value That's hashtag good for the hobby folks Although Bengals fans The Bengals are going to be expensive And pick your teams this year So save up Save up this summer More Joe Burrell, all these add up Justin Herbert Matthew Sheer and the Chargers Nice, let's keep going We're almost done here Harrison Budger to 100 Will be Parkinson to a Of course goes to Miami That'll be for Leonard Thankfully he was top loaded already And we got Rico Dowdle Is a cowboy, Dallas with that one That will be for Joe Clinton Done there, almost there Vets And Brian Lewerke One out of six Just one spot short One number short of a train whistle Michigan State's Brian Lewerke Went to the Pat riots And another Tua card Going to Miami for Leonard Alright there you have it This is the rookie card bundle That'll go to somebody These are all vet commons That'll go to some charity at some point Alright, so let's fire up some Ram.org And we'll do a recap in just a second too Alright so one of those fantasy sports cards Were actually numbered to 100 So we're going to do that separately That is Ravens, Kansas City, Carolina And the next one will be Left, middle, right That's for all the non numbered ones Left, middle and right teams And remember everybody has a shot At those non numbered Non insert rookie cards All the base rookie cards basically Let's roll it, let's randomize it Two out of three, five times for each list One, two Three, four And five Baltimore So the Raven Two out of three, five times Two, three Four, and five Middle cards So all the middle teams on these cards And everyone has a shot At those once again Two out of three, five times, good luck Five times So name on top, we'll get all those base rookie cards Except for obviously Joe Burrow To Justin Herbert, those aren't going to you They're going to their respective teams But everything else, all those other rookies All the wide receivers, all those The rest of the quarter bags Are going to go to Jim Moran Congrats to Jim, thanks for getting in We really appreciate it Alright, recap time R-r-r-recap Recap time It's recap It's recap time Joey Boe That was a nice one right there Got some other nice stuff in here, Joey Boe Is that what we're going to call them? There's some good stuff in here ladies and gentlemen Thanks everyone for getting in It's Randy's kid And there you have it, Joe for Jaspy's CaseGrakes.com That was pick your team three Of 2020 Panini's score of football It was marinating a little bit And then I'm getting that Joe Burrow autograph Which was really nice I'm Joe, once again, and I'll see you next time Bye bye


Did physical therapy work with you this morning? Yes, they did. They did. How's your arm and your leg? It's getting better. It is. Yes. Good. Are you having any pain right now, Jane? No. Good. Do you feel like your pain is pretty well managed here? Yeah. Pretty much. I was just going to check your vital signs. Is that okay? Before you go to bed? Can you take a deep breath for me? One more? Great. Still ticking, huh? Still ticking. Just the most fulfilling thing is to know that at the end of the day you've helped somebody. They just love having the nurses come right to their home. They become like family members to you. You get to see the impact that you have in people's lives. Then more than I could have imagined it would be from my past experience in the nursing world. This is the greatest generation. I like taking care of the greatest generation. It's important to me that they know that they're in secure hands. They're here knowing I'm going to be taking care of everything's going to be okay. That's good. So another day of physical therapy. One more day closer to home. That's right. How are you today? Are you okay? Did you get a chance to go outside today? Here at the hospital in our rural setting we're responsible for all kinds of nursing. We do a lot of geriatric nursing because that's our clientele in this community. We have a large percentage of elderly in our community. A lot of things in your smaller community nursing home that might be diverged out in a larger community we take care of everything here. So yes you're going to need a lot of different skills to take care of everyone at once. The skills that you need to do home care it's like you have to be a jack of all trades because you might have a patient that needs wound care so there might be some wound back, some different equipment that you have to work with. You might be doing IV therapy teaching. A lot of teaching is we do in home care. We can take care of pediatric patients. We take care of people. We have some that are 100 years old. There's just a whole realm of a lot of different things you have to know. Life here is very interesting. It's very challenging. It changes from day to day. You use everything, every aspect of nursing that I learned about in college way back when is implemented here. We do have a lot of emergency situations where we get to actually use our skills and use our knowledge to do what's appropriate and best for the residents. They are outstanding. I've admired the nurses how friendly they are and how they get along with each other in relation to different little tasks that they do. I think it's just a very ideal place to be. There are always very conscientious of any health change we had. When I first came in they spotted the beginning of pneumonia and they jumped right on that and I got medication and I feel very safe here. We need these homes. We need the care we're getting. It's always important to be made no matter where you live or who you are. You need that extra care. I've seen some of my friends and classmates. Their parents come in here and they're near the end stages of life and their whole family is going through that together. I feel very honored and privileged to be a part of that, to be there when they're feeling most of honorable in their lives to help them prepare for what life is going to be like after this stage. Through the hugs and thank yous I think that we're doing a wonderful job here in our community making people feel that I can count on my local medical facility. They're there for me. Glad to help you out Ivan. Thank you very much. I think we have probably the most wonderful doctors to work with of any place I've ever worked where we have such a collegial working atmosphere and they respect what I as a nurse bring to the table and they learn, you know, it's a two-way street. We learn to trust each other. That's one of the really fun things about it is as an INR nurse in a clinic managed and nurse managed setting I have a lot of independence but yet I still have the providers here so that if I feel there's something that needs to be addressed it can be addressed. This gives me a good excuse to hold hands to it. When I was in college the buzz word was biopsychosocial and spiritual and long-term nursing encompasses all of that. You get to use all of those aspects of your nursing because people are here, they're here for longer periods of time, you get to know them, you get to know their families and I just think it's the best of the nursing world because of the population we're working with because of what we deal with with them and every aspect of nursing is covered here so for someone to think it might not be challenging or interesting here that's just not true it's a great place to work, a great environment. I'm so satisfied with what I'm doing. The reason is I think the elderly people they are valuable part of our society and in their past life they have worked so hard they have sacrificed their lives for us to get what we are getting today whatever we are enjoying today that is because of all the hard work they have put in. Another great thing about nursing homes is we get residents here that come in for therapy and we have a wonderful therapy program and we get to actually send them home. We can make a warm welcome inviting home that our residents want to share with their families. We can smile, we can laugh, it doesn't have to be like a hospital. Fun to come to work and see them smiling and happy knowing that you're there. I love the stories, I love the patients, I love the richness that they bring to my life that I wouldn't necessarily have thought they become your friends and they'll say to me I always feel so much better after I come here and talk to you or they'll give me a hug and they'll cry and they'll say thank you for listening to me and so I feel that's something that I'm able to do in my job here that some of the nurses that work with the providers don't have the time to do because they're on to the next one you know in order to keep everything flowing smoothly. I think the thing that helps me keep going the most is the satisfaction you get from the interaction with the people, getting to know the residents as compared to a short-term hospital stay. You get to actually know them and know their families and the interesting things that make them who they are. We have some pretty lively conversations and I have found nicknames for quite a few of the people after I ask a few questions I know a few things about them and I can pick out a nickname. They're very nice to me, they really care about us and not here we miss them. I know people care, I know they treat me well, they help me with anything I ask them to. I think they're good. You know it is very rewarding when you're going you know you've talked to somebody or you have a family member call you and say wow you know I'm so glad you were there to help take care of mom or you're sometimes it's even out of funeral service or you know a family service and they're saying you know gee I want to thank Doreen for you know helping us out so much and it's like wow we really did make a difference in that person's life and it really is rewarding to hear that. You'll often times get thank you cards after a resident has passed from their families just letting you know that they really appreciated everything that you did for their loved one. You do become friends, you do fall in love with these people and they're just amazing and they do bring joy to our lives and they do have very much have a purpose. They teach me dignity, they teach me humility, they teach me gratitude. You know a lot of times they say you know I wonder why I'm still here I'm not good for anything I don't do any good and I just tell them you know maybe your purpose is for me to get to know you. While interacting with the residents I get to know them their personalities what kind of lives they have they would have led what kind of families they would have raised how much hardship they would have gone through the ups and downs in their life all the depression period here in America you know which I can only read in books and these residents to me are open live books that can bring all those experiences to me and I think that makes me grow that's my bonus. They're just a joy they have taught us so many things they're they're the ones that have shaped the lives and how we live today. I know many of them I'd say over 95 percent of the clientele that comes through the hospital I know I'm related to I'm the best friend of their their children so it's important to me that they know that they're in secure hands. Especially in the end times of life you need to have your self-esteem built up and to know that your life is important and it was important and that there's always going to be someone who will remember you and so you know that's an important gift to be able to give to them and it's important gift that they when they allow to share that with you. They teach me something every day I've been doing this like I said for 37 years and every day I still learn something new from them. When you work with people that's the great thing is that it can change day to day hour to hour. When I worked with students I always said you know the patient doesn't need to necessarily know that you're assessing them but from the moment you see them you know are they smiling today are they saying they're having a good day what is their skin color you know are they breathing faster than normal there's just so many things that you just are absorbing and that's one of the things in this job that I love is because I see them so often that I kind of know and it's even things that I'm not always conscious of but when I'm walking them back from the waiting room and if I notice that one seems to be more having more labor breathing you know and I'll say you sound a little short of breath today is it worse than usual? I think when you when you work with the elderly and you get to know them so well it's like knowing a family member you you can anticipate their needs more as opposed to an acute setting so being able to read your patients in that way from that relationship you develop is an important skill set in and of itself. They come in with a complex usual list of diagnoses they have not just one or two they have multiple diagnoses that they've obtained throughout their whole lives some that provide a very difficult way of life for them breathing mobility they may be on lots of medications and the timing of those medications is very difficult for them to manage on their own so here we try to help them how can we make it so that you're still independent in your home yet you're following what your doctor has ordered. Can you take a deep breath for me? It offers a very wide experience anything can come through that door and we have to be prepared to handle any crisis that comes in and that can be heart attacks accidents someone with a common cold persistent cough but we're there to handle all of those as a team here at the hospital. We're here today as quiet, quiet today. I feel they'll always be a need for home care you know continuing on and on and on and growing because people don't want to be in the hospital they don't want to keep them there but they do need help and being taught how to do take care of themselves at home so I just see it being a very good field to be in and to help patients. For me I always felt that I was called to be a nurse and one of the things that I've learned is there's room in nursing for everybody. Don't just tie yourself into one area in the beginning you know get some experience to see which area it is you really really do have a passion for. Everybody is not cut out to be a geriatric nurse either but it is really a wonderful field to help people. Yeah it's vital that young people are getting into this profession and coming in with the newest information and the newest skills because you're going to be utilizing those and that's what people are going to need. I would tell them just to examine their relationship with their grandparents you know that when I think of my grandparents or family I just get that warm feeling and I think most people do with your grandparents it's a warm feeling you like to be around them why not work somewhere where you're going to have that warm feeling and you're gonna like it I just think everybody should come try it or even volunteer in the nursing home see if they like it there's been so many people that come and say I cannot believe how happy I am here and that's what we want it's accommodating for my family because I can go out and see patients well my children at school and I can just be out and about doing my job and you know I have the flexible hours not where you don't have to work a shift but when I got into home care I've taken care of so many different kinds of patients like little babies all the way up to my oldest patient was a hundred and six yeah my oldest patient was a hundred and six over 60 very good I enjoy working in a small town or a rural area because of getting to know your clients or your patients really well and it just seems like you know you can see them in church a month later and they're like oh that was my nurse she took care of me and they can come up and tell you I'm doing so much better now and you know seeing those people all in the community after you've taken care of miss a really good thing a reason that I really like working in a small community I like dealing with the people that I know I've grown up with all these people I was born and raised here in this community and my husband and I live just in a smaller community just 15 miles away and it's just wonderful knowing all these people and that I'm here to help take care of them I don't want people to feel scared when they come here I'm dealing with them sometimes when it's a life altering or changing time in their lives and I want to be able to make it as painless as I possibly can I love small towns you you know who lives here and everyone cares about each other here you know it's just like a family a small town is like a family I plan on raising a family here I actually have a five-year-old she'll be six in November and I love sending her to school in a small town where I know all the teachers and I know all of her classmates and it's wonderful I came back to meville so we could live in a smaller community we want our children to go to a smaller school and you have the added benefit of being able to be an integral part of the community getting to work with several generations of people you get to work with someone's parents and grandparents and you get to know all of the different generations of the family together so it's kind of fun it's like a being part of the community working in a small area like this I'm a gerontological nurse in North Dakota I make a difference in people's lives I'm a geriatric nurse in the state of North Dakota and these patients make a difference in my life I'm a gerontological nursing North Dakota and I make a difference in people's lives I am a nurse in North Dakota working in a long-term care facility and I know that I can make a difference in my residents lives I'm a gerontological nurse in North Dakota I make a difference in people's lives I am a home care nurse in North Dakota and I love doing my job I love being a home care nurse I work in long-term care and I make a difference in people's lives I'm a long-term care nurse in North Dakota and I make a difference in people's lives I'm a nurse who works in long-term care in North Dakota and I make a difference in people's lives I'm a nurse in North Dakota that takes care of older patients and it's been one of the best parts of my nursing career.


It's the Donna. Welcome back to my channel. So I was having this conversation with my husband and I was like, yo, I need to make a video about this because this is so true and it's so relevant. Okay. And so it's about money. And I know that you guys like when I talk about like how much a PA makes because PAs can make over $200,000. There are several PAs, lots of PAs making well into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. Okay. But the average PA makes like over a hundred thousand dollars. And so you can have that, right? But where do you start off? You know, what is the base that we start at? And I think that that is a serious conversation that you need to have with yourself as a future PA in terms of what are you willing to start at and what are you willing to take with respect to your salary. So let's get into the video right now. All right, y'all. So again, we've got to talk about some money. Okay. We're talking about money. And I feel like it's, it's essential. It's an essential part of the conversation that you should be having about the career that you're trying to get into because, you know, like we need money to survive, right? So let's talk about the market. Okay. And so we were having this conversation with my husband and I and I was like, yo, you know, I feel like being a PA but more so a new grad PA is like inflation in reverse. And so what I mean by that is inflation is all about supply and demand. Okay. You know, what is the supply? Is the supply high or is the supply low in terms of demand. Okay. And so for the PA profession and really the APP profession in general, because we are NPs and PAs are going after essentially the same jobs. There are way too many of these APP, these advanced practice providers going after the same jobs, but not enough jobs. And so what does that mean for, for the market? What it means is, is that there are going to be things that you're going to be offered. There's going to be money that you're going to be offered. There's going to be various incentives and benefits that you're going to be offered that you're going to have to really contemplate like, is this worth it? And it's just like if you were buying a house, you know, in the housing market, people were willing to give up their inspection or like $70, $80, $100,000 over asking price. They were willing to buy houses, never seeing it. They were willing to pay all cash. And this is the same thing that you're going to have to consider doing when you're becoming a new grad PA. And so at the end of the day, I wanted to give you guys some pros and cons into taking that $80,000 job or not taking that $80,000 job. With respect to you coming out of school with maybe $100,000 or more worth of debt, what can, what are you willing to do? What can you do? Okay. A lot of these jobs as PAs, what they require of you is time, is experience. Okay. And so when we're looking at experience, the more experience you have as a PA, the more experience you have in that particular, particular specialty, the more marketable you are. I saw a model where it showed that if you were a new bad PA versus like a seven year veteran PA, what you started off at in terms of what they were willing to offer you was significantly different. So as a new grad PA, you are offered significantly less than that veteran seven year PA. And then depending on how long you were with the company, your increase was significantly less as a new grad PA. So if you take that $80,000 job, you have the opportunity to now get the experience so that you can come in and say, all right, well, you know, I've been a PA for two years in this particular field. And because of that, you're able to get more money. So it might turn out in your favorite at the end of the road, if you take the $80,000 job now, because you might be able to be significantly higher than $100,000 in two years. And this is something that you have to think about. What does that mean? Does that mean that I need to take that $80,000 job so that I can get the experience so that I can now go to this job that I really want. And this is the dilemma that a lot of APPs are going through. What is it that I'm worth, right? What is my work? But at the same time, what am I willing to give up? And so you really have to look at all of these pros and cons. So a pro to taking that $80,000 job is that, hey, you're making $80,000.  You're able to get that experience that you want and build up your resume so that you can go ahead and go to that job that you really want to do. Okay. But if you're now on the con side, you're making $80,000. You have over $100,000 worth of debt. Once you hit that market of that bracket of like 80 up, you're getting taxed 24%. That's a quarter of your salary gone already to taxes. So in terms of that, now you have to think about, okay, on top of that quarter that's already gone out of my salary, I now have to pay back my loans, right?  How much can you actually afford? Another con is that you maybe ask to be to do even more or your benefits may be really bad because you know, at the end of the day, it's like, all right, like you're just taking this because you're desperate. Okay, because you don't want to lose that job. And that is kind of how things work. So if I say, okay, no, I'm not taking that $80,000. The pro to that is, you're not getting paid $80,000. You're going to hold out for that job that's going to pay you more than $80,000. You're going to be able to live the life that you want to live. You're going to be able to dictate some of the things that you want to do. And you're really in the driving seat.  Okay, you're able to pay it off quicker or faster depending on how your life is set up. Are you able to live with your parents or not? Are you able to put more money towards this because you again are making significantly higher than $80,000? That's a pro. And that's a big pro, especially when you're coming out of preschool with over $100,000 in debt. All of these things are things that you really have to think about. So when you're looking at the pros and cons, you really, really have to sit down. Not if you're single, it's different.  So you guys, I really want you to think about this because it is something that I think a lot of people really kind of we were just thinking about like, oh, well, no, I'm not taking $80,000, but then you might sit out for months and months and maybe even a year and not be able to get a job because you weren't willing to take that $80,000 because at the end of the day, the person who's offering this job is going to be like, okay, well, we're offering $80,000. You know, that's what we're offering.  Like I'm worth more than $80,000. And they're like, all right, fine, fine, because they can find somebody that is willing to take that $80,000. On the flip side, you might say, no, I'm not taking that $80,000. And then you're able to get that job that you really want to get. And it's over $100,000 when you're able to do all the things that you want to do. But this is just some food for thought. You really got to look at it, the pros and cons. I'll list them out on the end of this video. Are you going to take that $80,000 to get the experience? Or are you going to hold out to get the money that you really want? It's up to you. Tell me what you would do. All right. If you guys haven't already done so, like this video, go ahead and subscribe and drop me a comment on what exactly you would decide to do. Are you taking that $80,000 or are you going with $100,000? What are you doing? Okay. And if you have any other comments or questions, leave them in the comment section below. Please follow me on Instagram and on the PA and on Instagram and get that to the university. Thank you guys so much for watching. I will talk to you guys next time.


throughout the outing. Yeah, it felt pretty good. It's a little tough to move around with the wrap on there. But overall, the leg responded really well. How much of a grind did that first inning feel like for you? 29 pitches, got yourself into some trouble, and then worked yourself out. Yeah, it all started with a really well-executed pitch that said put a better swing on. You know, that's why he's having a great year. Hitting pitches like that with authority. So got us on our heels a little bit. Kept trying to make a couple pitches. Just missed a corner a few times. Felt like that was happening all night. And it was a grind from there for sure. Trying to get them to expand. Not very successful in regards to that. But I guess was able to hold a line as best we could. And get through five, at least, would have liked to pitch a little deeper. But fortunately, Mike King picked me up pretty well. So he had a great night, and that was big for us. You mentioned King, just how impressive was his outing, the three innings he was able to give you guys. Yeah, I mean, he had a similar situation in the first inning that he came into. You know, put a traffic there. It was nice. He was able to get the boys up in middle of another chance at it. And so he picked them up there and was able to give us some length, which was much needed. And I thought he hadn't pitched really at this level in quite a while. And so it was tough to get a little bit of feel out there. And I think that he made strides as the night went on. And obviously, it was big for us to get some length. So really, really nice job by him. Go next to Bruce Beck. Gary, what did this win mean tonight to start this crucial stretch for the Yankees? I mean, good way to start a series. I don't know if we're thinking about the stretch. We're just thinking about we just got to get focused on one series at a time, one game at a time. Got this one out of the way.  So that was nice, especially after being able to carry the momentum of coming back from such a large deficit yesterday. So we got work to do tomorrow. And that's what we're focused on. And what kind of pride do you take of being consistent and being right back out there now and performing the way you did before the last game where you had to leave with the injury? You were right back at it. Yeah, I mean, part of the job is starting pitchers to be able to grind and be durable. And things like this occasionally pop up along the way. And so you just try to manage the challenges the best you can. And I take a lot of pride in taking a ball every time Erin asked me. And so again, it's not without being picked up by your teammates, obviously Mike tonight, obviously Luis and Clark being able to give me an extra 36 to 48 hours to be able to take the ball again tonight. So it's not without spreading the love around the teams. I owe those guys quite a bit to be able to give me this opportunity. And David, I'll give you the next question. Jared, do you have to stay needing the wrap for a while here during starts? I mean, based on tonight, I'm not exactly sure. I guess I could lean one way or the other. But I'd just be probably modifying it sooner rather than later and hopefully getting back to just same old sliders and pain at some point here soon. Is it most hindering, like, covering first base? Yeah, it's just tough to manage the gate there. So I felt strong getting over there. It's always kind of tough in those situations when the first baseman's back. And you've got to book it at least because you're not quite sure, left-handed hitter, how well they're getting down the line there. So I'm trying to manage the throttle a bit. And there's a lot of stuff going on between the legs in that situation. So it's not the smoothest gate, for sure, when you're trying to run with one of those things.