Having a plan for the holidays now is what's going to let businesses move the needle on in this important time. One thing that I suggest for small businesses that are considering using online fundraising is really thinking about it as a discrete project. We find that asks made to communities to support them do really well when they're pretty tangible. I need this piece of equipment because it's going to be able to allow me to increase my production by 50%. It really shows you have a direction and the use for the money. You have a plan. Crowdfunding comes in a couple of different forms. It can be just a gift. It can also be perks based. There's also crowd lending. This is the idea where many people can back alone so that it's not all one person giving the funding. It's just 100-150 people contributing to a person's loan. Unlike where you make a request, it's with an institution, they will approve or deny your request. Crowdfunding is an inherently much more social process. I think it takes a level of bravery and vulnerability to be able to put oneself out there, convey what's really important to them in their business and ask for that support. But I think what is effective about doing that, we see that once people have gone through the steps of doing some initial crowdfunding and bringing their friends and family on to support their campaign, people from all over the world will then start contributing to their campaign as well. I think at the end of the day the theme is a connectedness. I think the entrepreneur doing the asking is receiving, you know, not just the resource they need but also the connection.


What was your company's mission? I don't know what you an uncommissioned officer.  Tell me really Do you ever expect to see your family again? Someday then just remember some prisoners are shot trying to escape United States Army the big picture An official report produced for the armed forces and the American people Now to show you part of the big picture here is Sergeant Stewart Queen The Korean War brought forth for the first time in the history of our country the need for a written code of conduct Delineating for the members of the armed forces a set of standards by which to govern themselves when in combat or when captured by the enemy Today the big picture shows you the kind of training which the army is giving its soldiers to prepare them for every eventuality on the field of battle The code of conduct was signed into law by President Eisenhower as commander-in-chief of the armed forces on August 17th 1955 The standards it embodies represent the official guide Which will give America's fighting men the security of knowing exactly what is expected of them in every situation There's a major enemy offensive that penetrated our lines and core withdrew to prepared positions in the rear But all units were not able to withdraw company a First battle group 64th infantry is captain Russell the company commander. He's in a tough spot Will he hold his position and fight or break out and return to friendly areas? As far as I can tell we've been bypassed and cut off. I Want each and every man to understand what's going on? I've decided to stay here and fight So he's going to stay and fight It's a risk, but in this case justifiable So warn your men not to waste any food water or ammunition Okay, move up I'll be around to check with each of you later. How you guys doing? Okay, Mike. How much ammo you got left that they are I'm down to three magazines Here's a couple of full bandal is better stop reloading those empty magazines now. Yeah, thanks I just know we're never going to get out of this alive.  Well, we're still a lot of ammo What are we gonna do if they attack again?  Yes, sir Got a cigarette. I wish I did I spoke my last one a couple hours ago Bearcat six I'll be right up Well looks like we're gonna get hit again go ahead with the plans. I outlined. I'll be up at the OP. Yes, sir Does every man understand he's to hold his fire until I give the signal? Yes, sir Here they come. That's just about close enough American soldiers duty to use every means within his power to escape if he is captured The best time to escape is during the first minutes or hours of capture for with each step the prisoner takes He is moving farther and farther away from his own forces I sure hope so now here's the scoop The captain's dead, but we don't stand a chance here So we'll break up into three and four man teams and work our way back to our own lines Here's how we'll do it Evasion by infiltration the very same plan captain Russell was considering before he was killed Weapon squad at 2115 Now remember we'll all be traveling the same routes be careful. So tell me how many men did you I don't know sir The enemy tries to gain information almost immediately after capture even as far forward as a company command post Here the commander is primarily interested in tactical information of immediate importance to his own unit But there was only one kind of information to give the enemy name Rank service number and date of birth nothing else this man goes to headquarters Next prisoner your mortar fire stopped. What happened? I? Have no idea sir Did they run out of ammunition? I'm sorry, sir. I really don't know My name is George Edwards private first class serial number one four six two three one seven five One January 31st 1933 et cetera et cetera et cetera. I know I know you will not talk that is all right It is not my job to make you talk. We have people at headquarters who will do that God take this one to Next what have we here a non-commissioned officer? Tell me how did you get captured? Did you run out of ammunition or did you well? Surrender or maybe you were disgusted with the whole business, huh? Look You can save your breath All you're getting from me is my name right serial number and date of birth period Oh a tough guy Well, my friend we have ways of handling tough guys You'll talk God this one also goes to headquarters You are private first-class Edward Hatterson Yes, sir, I Won't keep you long Listen to me Harrison the sooner you talk the sooner we'll take care of you sir I'm getting very dizzy How many men were in your company Harrison? I Can't answer that sir. What was the name of your company commander? I'm sorry, sir. I Can't answer that question you cannot answer or you will not answer which is it both Why? What difference could it possibly make now your company has been wiped out? sir According to the Geneva Convention, I am required to give only my name Rank serial number and date of birth We also want you to know that we did not start this war and that we only want peace and freedom Now we know that you are not fighting for a cause But that under your system of government you are forced to fight That is why we have no quarrel with the soldiers, but you must cooperate Is there any reason why you shouldn't yeah, there is I'm a soldier in the United States Army and Under the Geneva Convention all I have to give you is my name rank serial number and date of birth very noble sergeant But that attitude will get you nowhere. You must remember you are in our hands our prisoner That's right And as a prisoner of war I have certain rights under the Geneva Convention Let me give you a little piece of advice my friend Forget the Geneva Convention What we do here is our business We can do anything we want with you Even have you shot Who will find out We haven't informed anyone yet that you are a prisoner as we're supposed to under that convention At this level of interrogation the threat of death is sometimes used But this will not be carried out because the interrogator knows that he must send sergeant Riley to higher headquarters For more formal questioning So you see sergeant Actually, you are all alone In fact right now you are about the loneliest man in the world So let us be sensible about this whole thing Now what was your unit? I can't answer that question All right Riley You continue this and you will be hungry for a long time. I have tried to reason with you I have tried to make you understand and now I'm going to send you to some people who are not as understanding as I am Before I continue Edwards, would you mind stepping forward so I can see better? You seem to know quite a bit about the Geneva Convention at once Not too much sir, but I can give you the paragraph to which I'm referring Really in which paragraph is that section one article 17? How long have you been in the army? My name is George Edwards private first-class serial number one four six two three one seven five All right, which I have no more questions. I'm sending you along for further interrogation Where they will not be as lenient with you as I have God. Is that all you have to say? Yeah, I know my rights rights what rights as far as I am concerned you have no rights Can't you understand Riley that you are a prisoner of war and is such a must abide by the rules and regulations of the detaining power? As far as you are concerned the war is over and there is nothing you can do to affect its outcome So be smart cooperate You'll be much better off in the end. Believe me Now once again, what was your unit? My name is Michael Riley Sergeant serial number one two one two two six one three on February 15th 1928 You know Riley? We can make life for you as a prisoner very easy on the other hand we could make it very very difficult.  No? On the floor once again What was your company's mission to close with and destroy or capture the enemy and how wide of front did your company occupy? I'm sorry, sir. I don't know. I'm only a pfc. They don't tell us those things We are now at enemy higher headquarters at this level the interrogators are more highly trained and have more tricks up Their sleeves than their counterparts at lower levels Take this two-way mirror for instance Behind it another interrogator studies the prisoner and monitors the interrogation If it appears that a different approach is required to break down the prisoner He will take over a tape recorder can be extremely useful to review a prisoner's answers and to determine whether he is lying or It can be used to splice together Unrelated words and sentences to manufacture statements and confessions which in fact the prisoner did not make The doctored tape is then broadcast for propaganda purposes I'm sorry, sir. I can only give you my name rank serial number and date of birth Very well. I have no further questions You'll fill out that form will be finished What's it for the regular Red Cross form you fill it out and we will forward it to a neutral power They will send it to your people at home and your army advised them to show our prisoner of war and safe Sometimes the enemy's efforts to obtain information appear innocent and legitimate But they are usually fakes like this Red Cross form which asks for more information than the prisoner's name rank service number and date of birth Use that pencil if Edwards falls for this trick He will not be the first prisoner of war to do so I was under the impression that all your men had arrived safely and we're all present and accounted for That's right, sir. Every man is present and accounted for Lieutenant Winters, do you know a sergeant first-class Mitchell Levine? Yes, sir. He was a squad leader in the first platoon. I believe he was among those taken prisoner Well, Sergeant Levine's not a prisoner anymore. He made contact with the second battle group a half hour ago They're bringing him over here now. I Knew they couldn't hold him. What a guy Now once again sergeant, what battle group are you from? I can't answer that question You wouldn't expect your own soldiers to give out that information. Would you ever remind our soldiers? There's no comparison Our soldiers are fighting for glorious cause Yours are being reduced to fighting for a rotten system. That's a matter of opinion Edward Harrison George Edwards Michael Riley Wherever they go, we can be sure they will continue to resist Paul who's there? Paul who's there? Those guys they told us to watch out for Keep him covered. I am an American fighting man. I serve in the forces which guard my country in our way of life. I Am prepared to give my life in their defense. I will never surrender of my own free will If in command, I will never surrender my men while they still have the means to resist If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept any of the parole No special favors from the enemy. If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners I will give no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades If I am senior, I will take command if not I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them up in every way When questioned should I become a prisoner of war? I am bound to give only my name rank service number and date of birth I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their courts I'll never forget that I am an American fighting man, responsible for my actions and dedicated to the principles which made my country free I'll trust in my God and in the United States of America A big picture is an official report for the armed forces and the American people Produced by the Army Pictorial Center Presented by the Department of the Army in cooperation with this station


Sinswag bomb down on the field post game with Mustangs head coach Ed Hoddle Stevenson falls today to Alvern, Alfred 29 to 6 coach you guys got off the bus with a great start you get that three and out early get the drive yeah there was the penalty it just seemed like where do you think this game turned the other way against you guys well I think there was you know the the exchange there late in the second second quarter you know it's one of those things where we kept having to adjust and adjust and adjust and adjust and adjust and you know the young football team particularly on defense you know that's that's a tough thing to do you know Corey seen it and just about seeing everything at this point but having to continually adjust and look they did a nice job being very physical to point of attack did a nice job getting an extra blocker to point of attack and you know we worked and worked and worked and you know we'd solve it and they'd adjust so you know it was one of those things where you know we just have to be better and part of that process is getting older would and it seemed like you guys did a really good job handling the fakes on defense it was actually when they threw was the biggest area you know they don't throw a lot but when they do is very efficient today yeah you know I think they continued three or four drives and I think on two or three of those drives they end up scoring touchdowns so you know we've got to be better in the in the back end you know in the emphasis all week was was the running game but you know we try to we try to tell them hey look they can still throw the football and I think you know they probably caught us sleeping a little bit back there and you know again young kids eyes what trying to find the football and got us on some play action stuff what was it like down the field I mentioned how windy it was before the game obviously I'm not down in the wind what was it like for you guys trying to throw so much with the wind I it was breezy you know but but again you know both teams got to play in the wind so you know they picked their spots and came up big and you know I think was something we were aware of trying to limit the big shots you know into the wind and you know so it's just one of those things we've got to be able to overcome that coach you guys finished six and five you're six and three in conference play this year how do you sum up the season well you know any chance you get a chance to play in the postseason you look at it as a success and and I think it's successful in the sense that we got better from a maturity perspective and you know we don't graduate a ton of guys most of this football teams back next year so any chance you have to get better particularly this week and you know a chance to get an extra week of practice and we talked about that last week it's it's a it's huge for us it's big and recruiting and you know it's a successful season is it where we want to be no but I think we've done a pretty good job identifying the areas we need to get better at to make a run out of next year we talked about last week is you know it was senior day but can you just talk a little about some of the guys you know that statistically that that you know might have records that last while Corey and Preston and and Devin and how much you're gonna miss those guys their production sure I mean those guys are I mean first of all they're phenomenal human beings they're all gonna graduate you know they're all really really good guys and and just it could be more proud of them you guys like I think Nick to share with the start today you know has started more games than anybody else I think he started you know 43 I think 42 was that was the record or was 41 or 42 whatever was you know and and for a guy to come in and start that many games in a row is phenomenal get guys like Kyle Plead out there you know battlin is tail off every Saturday and you know guy got a chance to play this year and and really made the most of it worked hard so you know as a group they're just a really really fun group and we're certainly gonna miss them all right coach well thanks a lot didn't end the way you guys wanted to but there's next season that's it all right that was my sayings head coach title Stevenson falls in the finale 29 to 16


Daily Tech News show is made possible by its listeners, thanks to all of you, including Johnny Hernandez, Hi-Tech Oki, and Martin James. Coming up on DTNS, where will the metaverse thrive? And where I'd get some big accessibility updates, and how do we collectively save our power grids? This is Daily Tech News for Thursday, September 8th, 2022, from Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. From Austin, Texas, I'm Justin Robert Young. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chen. We've got a lot of stuff to talk about today, and some of it is on the, you know, the heels of Apple's big announcements yesterday, but we've got a lot of other stuff to talk about. So, let's start with a few tech things you should know. Samsung announced that the new One UI and Watch 4.5 updates for older devices, software updates will start with the Galaxy Z Fold 3 and the Galaxy Z Flip 3, starting September 5th, rolling out gradually worldwide. Later, the One UI 4.1.1 update will roll out to much older foldables, including the original Z Flip and Fold devices. When the screen is unfolded, the One UI 4.1.1 includes a taskbar allowing shifting between apps easily and dragging and dropping apps onto the home screen. Verizon announced a unified subscription plan for iPhone users. This was interesting to me because I am a Verizon user and I'm on a limited plan. The new One Unlimited for iPhone includes subscriptions to Apple Music, Apple TV+, Apple Arcade, iCloud+, and Verizon's Unlimited Calling Plan. One Unlimited for iPhone costs $90 for one line and between $75 and $45 per line for multiple lines and will include Unlimited 5G Ultra Wideband, 5G Nationwide, and 4G LTE data. The One Unlimited for iPhone plan is available now to all new and existing Verizon wireless subscribers. Verizon and Apple are also holding a stream on Friday, September 9th to reveal first look releases coming to Apple TV+, among other joint announcements. Speaking of announcements, Nvidia will stream an event on September 20th at 11am eastern time called GeForce Beyond, a special broadcast. It's expected to announce its 40 series GPUs built on the Lovelace architecture. That's the successor to Ampere. You can watch the event on Twitch and YouTube. The Financial Times reports PlayStation CEO Jim Ryan says that Microsoft's offer to keep the Call of Duty franchise on PlayStation for three years after the current agreement was inadequate on many levels and failed to take account of the impact on our gamers. Sony has concerns about the impact if the proposed $67.68, rather a $.7 billion acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft is indeed approved as the proposed three years extension of the existing agreement could only continue Call of Duty's annual PlayStation releases through to 2027. As part of the Chips and Science Act passed into U.S. law in early August, the Biden administration has released more strategy details. Secretary of Commerce Gina Riamondo said companies who receive chips funds can't build leading-edged or advanced technology facilities in China for a period of 10 years. And companies who receive the money can only expand their mature node factories in China to serve the Chinese market exclusively. Alright Justin, let's talk a little bit more about the metaverse and who the heck it's for. It feels like a song that would have a call and response. KPMG said approximately 78% of U.S. adults do see value in the metaverse with 76% supporting on the job training in the metaverse, 59% expecting the metaverse to have a quote-unquote significant impact on their lives in the next 12 months and 40 and 8% seeing significant impacts in the next five years. U.S. leaders of enterprise innovation at KPMG Cliff Justice said, quote, with each interaction, people are becoming more accustomed to engaging in everyday activities in the metaverse. KPMG surveyed 1,000 Americans between the ages of 18 and 65. So it's not a huge sample size, but at least giving you some idea that some folks say, yeah, this is probably the way that it's going. Speaking of the metaverse and other options than being in person, for many people, everyday activities as KPMG calls it kind of means working. If you're keeping normal hours, you're probably working 9 to 5-ish Monday through Friday during the week. In contrast to recent moves to bring employees back into offices from companies like Twitter and Google and Apple who have had remote workers for some time but are at least trying to get everybody back in the same place. Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said on stage at the Code 2022 conference in Los Angeles yesterday that Amazon has no plan to push workers back into the office. Now, of course, some of the workers are workers in warehouses and so it doesn't totally apply to them. This is more of like a corporate working thing, but that is what Jassy said. Also, when asked about unionization efforts within Amazon, Jassy noted that the company's objections to the process are ongoing through the legal process and said, I think that's going to take a long time to play out. So let's start there. There's limited amounts to what Andy Jassy can say. I can understand from their perspective, they, like many large companies, find unionization efforts to oftentimes be predatory. So they're entitled to their opinion. There's only so much that they can say legally without falling under the category of being union busters, which is illegal. So let's get to the metaverse stuff, Sarah, because I've got some questions about that survey and I would like to point that KPMG, which is a company that can stand on its own record when it comes to the accounting services that they provide, are actively benefited by continued expansion by businesses into new areas for which might require specific accounting processes. Yeah, a lot of consulting going on. Exactly. The metaverse. I would wonder exactly how they worded what the metaverse is because those numbers seem very high for what my expectation is from a personal bubble that is very tech literate. I 100% agree with you and I know that I try not to be too much of a naysayer on something that I haven't really seen in practice working yet. The metaverse as a concept is a very large concept, you know, the metaverse as it would apply to, let's say you and me and Roger and Joe and Amos and Tom doing something collaboratively before each show, which we already do. Yes. Yeah, I know that remotely, but let's say that that somehow helped us kind of feel more connected or read the room a little bit better. I'm all for it. I'm all for it. I just don't know how many opportunities a lot of these companies have. And I wonder how much, you know, I know Andy Jassy saying, ah, we won't make people come back to the office just yet. You know, if they work for Amazon, that that may stay the same. Who knows, Amazon might just be lagging behind certain other companies who are like, hey, we have these headquarters, let's get people back.  I just, I would love to see in practice how this is going to work super well. And the idea of a digital representation of yourself, you know, I know the metaverse is more than just like, oh, Sarah made an avatar that kind of looks like Sarah type thing. How this can free us up to be better workers. I mean, look, I buy these numbers if by metaverse, you mean internet. I would see that 78% of adults see value in the internet or support on the job, on the job training and the internet and expecting that it'll have a significant impact in their lives. But if we're looking at the metaverse the way we understand it, which is a virtual reality based world for which you can interact with fellow people, then the best case scenario, if I'm going to steal man, this argument is boy, did we take to zoom really fast during the lockdown. Yeah, sure. Zoom has become an indelible part of the business community. And if you are going to look at zoom as a rotary telephone, then the future version of it the iPhone version of that could look something like the metaverse. But boy, do I not think that I don't buy that a representative sample of American workers believe that that is in their future within the next 12 months. I think that's a really good point. I think they're probably a few people who go metaverse. Yeah, it's, you know, Facebook, right? Sure, I'm on Facebook metaverse that, you know, that's definitely in my future type thing. Not everybody has the same idea of what that is. If I if I really and again, I hate to boo boo something that could work for me in the future. But I think, okay, what if I were an executive and on some level, I had to present something to a team and that gave me a lot of anxiety and somehow the metaverse could help me in that way to kind of give give myself like a tiny bit of, you know, the man behind the curtain type thing. Okay, I can see there being specific examples where this would help certain folks. I just don't know when we're all jumping into this. I agree. I also think this iOS who Android is in. Yeah, huh? Android is introducing a host of new features to improve accessibility personalization and productivity across various devices, one of which nearby share Google's version of Apple's AirDrop is getting an update that lets users easily send files between their own devices, as long as both devices are on Android. If you opt into the new feature on your Android phone or tablet, it transfers between the two devices, and they will be automatically accepted, even if your display is switched off. Google says the feature is coming quote in the next few weeks. Few other updates, which will be I think welcome to a lot of Android fans Google Drive and Google keep are also getting newly designed widgets for larger screen devices with easier access to things like docs and slides and sheets files within the Google Drive widgets. The keep widget helps note taking for people with reduced vision with increases in overall size and font size.  You'll get a notification when it hears them. And users can now create customer alerts. This one's pretty cool by recording specific noises. For example, if your washing machine is one of those that plays a little sound when it's done, then you can get a notification that your load of laundry is ready for the dryer. Google Meet users will also have access to multi pinning during calls and meet also introduce live shared experiences like games and co-watching on Android mobile and tablet devices with YouTube content available for up to 100 people at a time. And if you have a smartwatch running where OS a new keep tile can now be added to your watch for note taking and your Bitmoji can be added to your watch face. Oh, Bitmojis. You know, I'd make fun of them metaverse and all, but I've got one. She actually kind of looks like me. But all these new Android features aside, while speaking at the code 2022 conference, a lot of executives were there. It was pretty star studded in the tech world. Apple CEO Tim Cook dismissed that idea of adopting RCS messaging, something that many Android and iOS users alike have wanted for some time. Tim Cook says he'd like to put to rest the idea of the green bubble issue being a problem when an iPhone user messages an Android user or vice versa. He said, quote, I don't hear our users asking that we put a lot of energy on this at this point. I would love to convert you to an iPhone. Oh, he surely would because an iPhone sells for more money than most androids do and he happens to be the guy who runs the iPhone company. Oh, a lot of folks were a little salty about this whole thing. First of all, I think, especially since we went through not just iOS stuff, but a lot of hardware stuff on our show yesterday with the Snobo S folks, Terence Keynes and Nika Montford. But the updates to Android sound pretty great. Roger, I know you're an Android user. I am not. So I look at the stuff and I go, sounds pretty great if I used Android in any capacity, which I don't. I think that the CEO of Apple saying, yeah, green bubble isn't really that big a deal. Because if it is, you could just get two iPhones and then we don't have that. One thing on this, Roger, and I'll let you go. iPhone this week surpassed Android for the market share of all smartphones. It went over 50%. So there is not even a mandate for them to fit into the larger smartphone community.  Well, I was going to say that there's no reason for him to say we'll be working on. I mean, like, Apple is fine where it is with what Justin just touched on. There's such a huge market share of iPhone users that it really is more of a burden for Google to get something like this done than it is for Apple to kind of help facilitate that. Because, I mean, how is Apple losing by not fixing the issue, right? I mean, it's like saying like... If Apple sales fell dramatically, then they would probably... Well, yeah. I mean, here's the market pain on that. When you're in a group chat with somebody, everybody else has an iPhone and one person has an Android, and then all of a sudden you don't get the tap backs. It's somebody laughed at a message, blah, blah, blah, blah. And ultimately, people will work around it this way. They'll use a third-party app. They'll use WhatsApp. They'll use Signal or anything else. That's how they get around it. It's not by, you know, brow-beating Tim Cook. Like, why does it work with Android? So it's like seamless. It's like one ecosystem. It's like, no, I make a lot of money on my device. People like it the way it is. And I haven't seen any market repercussions from not changing the way things are right now. So, no. Yeah. I don't know. I have plenty of friends who are on Android devices, and the green bubble does not bother me. It's not the end of the world. It's not a broken product without any kind of update. Yeah. I don't know. I think at one point it maybe meant something, and now it's like... It is purely the domain of OCD completionists. Well, if you would like to complete some of the thoughts that we've talked about on the show thus far, you can do so by submitting stories into our subreddit. It's a great way for us to know what you care about and what's on your mind. Submit stories and vote on others at dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. Well, I am pretty warm in Studio Redwood today because a California heatwave has been dragging on for over a week now. Cell phones have helped keep the power on, you might say, in what way could they have done that? Well, temperatures in large parts of the state have been above 100 degrees Fahrenheit.  For eight straight days, it's been hot. And on Tuesday, at September 6th, the majority of the state, and it's a big state, one above 100, and a large part above 110 Fahrenheit, which is 43 Celsius, also very hot. As air conditioners strained to cool buildings, so did the state's power grid. To combat this, the state has issued flex alerts every day from October 31st to September 8th. A flex alert sends messages, including by email and SMS, asking customers to reduce power usage between 4 and 9 p.m. such as avoiding running dishwashers and laundry machines and to raise their thermostat above 78 degrees or higher. Some smart thermostats are registered in a voluntary system, automatically adjusting to save power. For example, Nes rush hour protocol pre-cools buildings for a certain time before the flex alert, and then raises the thermostat's temperature to conserve energy in the afternoon. Alright, so on Tuesday, September 6th, demand for energy reached 52,061 megawatts. That's an all-time high. So the California Independent System Operator, which oversees the different power companies like Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, PG&E, ConEd, all companies that have taken my money over the years, issued a level three energy emergency alert warning of possible rotating power outages in order to ease pressure on the grid and keep power flowing everywhere else. Now that alert was issued at 2.17 p.m. Pacific time. Less than a half hour later, at 2.45 Pacific, California's Office of Emergency Services pushed a cell phone alert statewide in both English and Espanol that read, conserve energy now to protect public health and safety. Extreme heat is straining the state energy grid. Power interruptions may occur unless you take action. Turn off or reduce non-essential power if health allows now until 9 p.m. This was not a text message, but an emergency alert similar to an amber alert for missing children. It's one that just pops up on your phone with the yellow triangle and an exclamation point in it. In this case, it was part of the U.S. system of wireless emergency alerts used to warn emergencies for natural disasters and amber alerts. So you might say, alright, well, who paid attention? It worked. Demand fell by 1200 megawatts between 2.50 and 2.55 p.m. So basically, that means people saw the alert, people took it seriously and people turned stuff off that were, you know, putting strain on the power grid. By 5 p.m., the level three emergency was called off and rolling power outages were not needed after all. Now you might say, hmm, hasn't this happened before? Indeed it has. New York City experienced a similar thing back in June of last year when a cell phone alert was pushed during a heat wave that the city was having and power demand dropped in response to that as well. So it just goes to show you whether or not you're thinking of your fellow neighbors or not if you're like, rolling power outage, don't want that, which would be certainly the case for me right now. I'll turn off whatever I can. I will say the fact that it came in as an emergency alert. Now if you've never had one before, it's not just the fact that you can message. It's disconcerting. It also sends out a very unique audible bleep on your phone, like a very shrill tone to get your attention. And so there is a level of seriousness to it that you feel rather than just getting a normal text. For example, my local utility texts me on the odd occasion when they have to shut down power, but it's done over normal SMS. So it's all right, I got this from the power company. I'll look at it and think about it. But this really had like, you know, you don't do something. You know, the power may go out, so you save a little now. You'll save a lot later. I think also, and Justin, I don't know how things are happening in your neck of the woods obviously, Texas has its share of heat waves as well. But, you know, there are certain things that I wouldn't do. It's going to be a high of what? 104 here today, probably is outside at this point. I'm not going to water my rose bushes in this heat. That's crazy. It's a waste of water. But I might not really think about certain other things that I'm doing chore-wise. Like, oh yeah, I shouldn't run the laundry machine. I could do that later. There's certain, I think it's, there's a certain aspect of just reminding folks like, hey, could you shift it a little bit and people don't want to be jerks about it unless they really have to be. All right, not to be a critic here on this particular issue, but I do think that the powers that be that issue these kinds of warnings do need to be judicious about it as noble of an effort as amber alerts are or silver alerts are, which is being on the lookout for a lost senior citizen. How many of those details do you remember seconds after you get those alerts? Because I know for me it is in one ear and out the other because they happen too often. Yeah, but those are a little different, right? It's like, when I get an amber alert and it's like child missing, last seen here, here's the license plate or, you know, the description of the car that might have this kid. If I'm at home and I haven't been out in a while, I can't help. My point isn't that it is any less noble, although I do take your point that this is something that you would have a less immediate actionable position with. That being said, the more that this happens, the less people will pay attention to it. That's just the law of how people deal with things. And so while this is a good story, this is a tech done good story, regardless of what you think about the power grids and how they're maintained and the companies that run them for which I will say full disclosure, I have very negative feelings to PG and he specifically, that is good. It is good that they were able to reduce consumption at a time when the load was really, really high. I would also say they should not take this as a sign that this is a button that can hit at the same frequency with the same result forever because I don't think that's the case. I totally agree. I mean, there is very much a boy that cried wolf analogy to this. I think what it does, because it was the initial, at least the first time they've rolled it out, is that there's an urgency to it and if they're very, very judicious and use it incredibly sparingly, people will treat it as such in the same way that I used to treat, you know, sirens, like emergency sirens either from a fire truck or EMT, although now I live in an area where that is literally a daily occurrence instead of before where it was maybe once a week or once a two or three times a month. So what you were saying, I kind of filtered that out of my mental processing. But I think there is definitely ways I think technology can help, especially with power usage, directly by providing consumers with technology like LED light bulbs, smart thermostats, smart technologies to allow only power to be used when it's actually needed instead of just, you know, sometimes I leave a fan on or ceiling fan or light on absentmindedly and as I do something else and I totally space on it for it to turn it off and I've wasted, you know, an hour and a half worth of electricity turning a fan in a room that no one's sitting in. But I think moving forward with this, I think it's part of a spectrum of things that people can do. I think if all you had was this and that's all you did, this would be a terrible way to use it. But if it is one, I would, I would, I would push back on that a little bit, Roger, in that I think that right now, aside from curmudgeons like me who have very, very specific access to grind about companies like PG&E, in general, citizens and customers of these services that are protected by the state have fairly good feelings about them. Yes, heat waves come and go. Yes, brownouts have happened throughout California, not only in the recent history, but also even back through the 90s and early 2000s. That being said, the power shows up. Everybody is able to depend on it. It is odd when it is gone. And so if you move into the realm of things like smart thermostats, look, if it is something that you opt into and maybe with you opting into it, you get some kind of rebate on your bill, then at least you are making that deal with your customer. The more that you look at technology as a necessary lever or a everyday lever to reduce load, the more I think you're going to erode your relationship with your customers. I mean, I'll disagree with you on this point. Before technology, we had another lever and that was pricing, right? You use electricity during peak demand hours. They used to jack the rates at least double or if not three times more. That was to penalize people who use too much during a peak hour. And so if you can shift away from purely an economic stick to a technology that allows people to still experience... Nobody wants to have a warm house when they want a cold house. They might be upset that they have a higher bill. But the way that you feel if you cannot change your thermostat, not to say that that is happening now, it is not happening now. I'm just saying that this is a realm in which these companies should tread lightly. Because if you do it sparingly, I do think it is effective. The more you believe that you can do it more often, for which I do not put it past any of these companies, the worse they're going to sound. And the thing with smart thermostats where the power utility can't control, and they have both here and in your state of Texas back in 2021 in September, that was all voluntary. People signed up for it when they signed the agreement. And if that's the case, then that's a different story. I'm more warning on a slippery slope argument. I see that there's an edge to it and you don't want to go off of it. But at the same time, you don't want to necessarily just kind of push it off as saying, well, that's too much of a leap. You're getting too close to the edge. You're going to fall over and saying like, hey, why don't we just have this and maybe put up a guardrail that allows us to manage people's power usage without adversely affecting them as long as they agree to it. And I think that that kind of delicate nature is something that public utilities have always been known for. Listen, things will change hopefully or not. We'll see. I mean, well, it's time will tell. Indeed. Well, we talked a lot about new Apple announcements on the show yesterday. One of them being the new Apple Watch Ultra. Justin, I don't know how excited you are about it, but Justin wrote in, because we had asked the folks out there, okay, well, this seems to be designed for, you know, serious athletes and folks doing scuba diving and, you know, a lot of kind of, you know, pretty intense outdoorsy stuff. Dustin wrote in and said, iron man triathlete and ultra runner here, which is nice, Justin, because it's not a bus arm. He says, it was nice to see Apple try and tackle the crowd that I frequent. And while it is a step forward, it still falls flat on many levels. Take the Garmin Enduro, for example. This device has an over 100 hours of GPS time without GPS lasts over 30 days. Comes in handy for those extreme ultra races, much like the Tahoe 200 mile run I participated in a few years back. When it comes to triathlons, it also falls flat. No accessory integration, which so many of us use, you know, out of the pros. Power meters, one example, which are calculating your power production through pedals or cranks. Apple made a statement that the battery would last the average person a full distance triathlon. But what about the back of the pack folks who need all 16 hours? Sounds like this may not last that long. I did love the alarm mode. It's nice to see crash detection, which appears to be a little over the Garmin devices have offered for a while. But all in all, a great start to fill this community need. As let's be honest, Apple does run past Garmin in smartphone specific features, but it still feels years away from many of these niche communities. And it will feel years away probably forever because Garmin is a brand that has very much locked in on these niche communities. And I don't think that Apple is ever going to go as far as Garmin will unless things become so commoditized that it is easy for them to expand into it. So yeah, I will. I will say that I've always had a feeling, at least with Apple's branding and advertising, a lot of it's inspirational, right? It's like you could if you have one of these, you could scuba dive. It could be an ultra, but it's not. I mean, again, we're talking about merely marathon runners, not Iron Man triathlete ultra marathon runners running 200 miles, right? And God bless Dustin and anybody else who does that. That is a tremendous commitment in mind, body and spirit. But like that is that is an edge case of an edge case of an edge case that if Apple moves more toward that, then good for them because their bread and butter is what Dustin murdered at the very end, smart watch features. Yeah, and I mean, it's like hiking boots, right? Before hiking boots were a thing just in casual, where they were meant for a very specific group of people. All you need to do is grab enough of the market share of the people who want to look like they do it, not necessarily actually do it. And I think at least your financials will look good, right? Because the whole point about a lot of these products is again, inspirational. I'm not going to just because I buy Nike. I don't even necessarily think it's inspirational. The key that Apple wants to do is make sure that in the moments that you have your watch on your wrist, it is doing things that you like. That's it, right? That's what makes it a successful product. And if you're into fitness, does it calculate your fitness stuff while you are doing it? And I've used it for that a lot. I have a much older I watch or an Apple watch. And it does fine with this new version. Sounds like it does better. So that'll be good. Well, Justin, Robert Young, we love your thoughts, as always, whether they're political or they're about smart watches. Let folks know where you've been the last week or so. You know, when I'm not delving into the real minefield of Android versus Apple or Garmin versus Apple Watch, I like to relax in a calming field of political discussion. And that's what I do on politics, politics. Oh, super chill. Go ahead and check out the shows from Wednesday and the episode that will come out tomorrow for looks into the Pennsylvania and Nevada Senate races, Nevada Senate race. I'm sorry to everybody in Las Vegas. We take a look into those and it's a fun time. Politics, politics, politics, wherever you find your podcast. Well, we always love to have you on the show here. We also love brand new bosses. And guess what? We got one today. Brandon is a brand new boss. Just started backing us on Patreon. Thank you, Brandon. You're the best. Speaking of patrons, stick around for our extended show, Good Day Internet. What will we talk about? I don't know. Possibilities are endless. Smart watches, maybe food or even the U.S. Open. You can catch the show live Monday through Friday at 4 p.m. Eastern, 200 UTC. Find out more at DailyTechNewShow.com. Join us live if you can. We'd love to have you. We'll be back doing it all again tomorrow with Rob Dunn with Joynes and Len Peralta as well. Talk to you soon. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at FrogPants.com. I hope you have enjoyed this program.


Hello, great. Yep. Excellent. Yep. Welcome everyone to this panel Two houses both like I like in dignity Gateway API and MCS API. I'm Stephen Kitt. I work for Red Hat on the summerina project I'm Rob Scott. I work for Google on Kubernetes networking and I'm a Gateway API maintainer and I'm Mike Morris And I work for hash you core on console and I am one of the colludes of the gammo initiative and You may notice that unfortunately Laura could not be here in person But she was able to pre-record what I think is a very creative intro Oh, this is Laura coming at you from the past as I was not able to travel to KubeCon EU this year Instead I have the privilege of sending my digital form to you to give a quick intro to our panel topics for two houses Both alike in dignity Gateway API and MCS API So what we want to talk about today is these three general projects MCS API Gateway API and service meshes and where they overlap and how they are coming together We've been thinking a lot about these little overlapping joints in here in the Venn diagram So all of these projects in the center here all of them bundle some back ends together So some higher level of abstraction like a service to bundle some endpoints together MCS and service meshes are both very concerned with providing ways to discover a service especially across cluster boundaries the Gateway API and service meshes both do traffic shaping it with different levels of expressibility and sophistication and Meanwhile, all the service meshes usually have a whole other suite of things that they are able to independently do like securing traffic for example So since all of these projects are still a little bit in flux It's informative to know at least a little bit about their history But the most important part is that these efforts have been evolving all along the same time in the face of shared problems That were really clarified in 2019 that users needed more sophisticated traffic solutions than were available in Kubernetes at the time But that the solution space which was pioneered by all these different projects collectively known as service meshes was too fragmented So a few of those Projects connected on their own attempt to converge called the service mesh interface or SMI spec and at the same time SIG multi-cluster and SIG network Respectively approached individual pieces of the problem in the form of the MCS and Gateway APIs So the MCS and Gateway APIs went through a very exploratory period in 2020 But have standardized a lot especially in 2021 both in terms of the API maturity level and the breadth of implementations that we're using the API and Then in 2022 the successor kind of to the SMI spec the gamma initiative Picked up the mantle to try and bridge the gap between at the converging service meshes and these maturing Kubernetes native API standards So we were really attached to the title of our talk So we're going to quickly demonstrate how these APIs all come together with a little bit of Shakespeare I don't know how much of you watch the 1993 version of Romeo and Juliet We have Leonardo DiCaprio cast as Romeo Montague over here on the left and Claire Danes as Julia Capulet over here on the right And if you're familiar with the story, you know that Romeo and Juliet fell in love Despite being in desperately feuding families that didn't want them to be together or in this case today We're going to pretend that they're in desperately feuding clusters instead So let's say Juliet says her classic line except in a Kubernetes kind of way So instead of Romeo Romeo where for our thou Romeo? It's Romeo dot Montague dot svc dot cluster dot local where for our thou Romeo dot Montague dot svc dot cluster dot local, right? So in the story Romeo meets her at a party at the Capulet house. He later visits at her window So we need to get Romeo a way to respond to this request at her window at her cluster instead of being isolated in his cluster So we can represent this with the MCS API in API form if we have Romeo over here as a deployment Local to the Montague cluster with a service in front of it local to the Montague cluster We can create a service export from the MCS API to export it to the Capulet cluster and a service import Representing that Romeo service will now appear in the Capulet cluster so that the Juliet deployment there can interact with it part of this is that Services from other clusters exported this way can be queried by a familiar DNS so we can change Juliet's line now she can ask where for our though Romeo dot Montague dot svc dot cluster set dot local and Romeo will be able to respond But in the story apparently it's not enough just to meet up on occasional evenings at a windowsill Instead in the story Romeo and Juliet get a third party Fryer Lawrence to marry them ASAP and To marry them Fryer Lawrence will have to address each of them individually to say that ceremonial question Like do you Romeo take this woman Juliet, right? So let's make him an API resource as well We introduce a gateway API here because we can imagine Fryer Lawrence as a client using an HTTP route from the Gateway API That splits traffic based on your iPads so slash Romeo is backed by the service import matching the Romeo service over here and Slash Juliet is backed by the service import matching the Juliet service over here So when he instead asks do you slash Romeo take this pod slash Juliet as your lawfully wedded wife Each service can respond even though they're in totally different clusters. I Do have to give up the analogy for the sake of slidespace now But I want to introduce one less current event concept to give an example about gamma So service meshes that conform to the gamma specification now have a way to interact with multi-cluster services from the MCS API and the traffic routing rules on the Gateway API by respecting routes that have a service import as their parent ref So by binding this service import in the parent ref This indicates that the service mesh Should intercept traffic destined for this service import and apply these Gateway API expressable rules So here we have a rule to match this path and add this header so if you're following along with the API spec here if only the Romeo service had been configured to add potion and to do it header when attempting to slash wake up the Juliet service import upstream perhaps the tragedy of this age-old story could have been averted So here we are four years along and a convoluted analogy afterwards But we're really excited now that the gamma initiative is helping tie all of this together in this overlap area Bringing all of these projects together and crystallizing it into a unified ecosystem that addresses users needs and is all together A way that you can use all these projects So now we'll hand it off to the real live in-person folks to take your questions and elaborate a bit more on these themes That I just talked about a little bit from our abstract. So Rob Steven Mike take it away Yes, I love that intro. She did an amazing job We're going to spend the next few minutes going through these questions and then we'll have lots of time at the end To take any questions from the audience. So if you have any we'll definitely have time for them But we'll start by going through these. Yeah, so I guess to start all Rob and Steven like How do these API's work together? Well, we've been spending a lot of time talking about just that as you can imagine now I These API's have a history of a few years at this point. I've been working on Gateway API for Three and a half years since Kubcon San Diego As Laura mentioned MCS API also has a similar timeline. I And some of the maintainers have been working on both for example Jeremy one of the maintainers in sig multicluster contributed, I think TCP route to Gateway API and I've been you know helping review some of the MCS API Work so so there has been some crossover But as strange as it sounds multicluster services are not a sig network thing. They're a sig multicluster thing So this is kind of a cross sig effort So it has taken some proactive efforts to make sure that we're working together across sigs to make these make sense More recently, you know, we've had these discussions We've had these high-level ideas, but those ideas were largely stuck in maintainers heads and not written down anywhere So we've tried to take that step in Gateway API We have a concept called Gateway enhancement proposal and that's like a cap a Kubernetes enhancement proposal But we've that defined in great detail every little nuance of how Gateway API and MCS API work I forget the exact gap number, but it's easy to find on Gateway API's website And of course we made sure we worked closely with sig multicluster Gamma and Gateway API to make sure we're all collaborating and all have the same ideas for how these APIs interact But maybe Steven you can provide a bit more context. Yeah So one of the things I find interesting is as Laura said All these initiatives have been going on for approximately the same number of years, but there's been very different dynamics So, you know, as Rob just explained the Gateway API is such a big initiative in practice that they have their own enhancement proposal system whereas Sig multicluster is much smaller So we just use caps another Difference to is that the Gateway API came out of a lot of frustration with earlier APIs You know, it's rising from the ashes of ingress v1. And so there's there was a lot of Knowledge already before the Gateway API started also a lot of actual real-world users Who knew what they wanted? And so that was perhaps Well, it's easier because you get lots of people involved that can also create More complexity, I guess but it also means that there's a better idea of what's going to be a good API Whereas in the multicluster space Especially in 2019 the sig was really inventing things that probably still is to a large extent because this is still a very Research-heavy space, but one of the things I find Fascinating about what Laura explained is that there's the the whole Gateway API and MCS API interaction revolves around an object the service import Which from the MCS perspective is an implementation detail because when you interact with multicluster as a user all you say is that you create a service export and at some point in the near future that will Result in you being able to access a service through DNS From your other clusters you don't care about the service import You don't care about the endpoint sizes and so on and so in theory We could have written the spec without that but then Gateway API would have had a harder time and it turns out the service Import was a really useful object just in terms of being able to consume it Yeah, absolutely So one of the other things that's been going on during this time is service meshes have largely been evolving Kind of on a parallel track outside of the cap or get process So it's had given them a bit more freedom to innovate But now we're kind of at a point where we're realizing that a lot of our meshes are doing Fundamentally similar things at least at the core. We all of course have specializations and different features but there's an interesting Benefit here where we could have a common configuration language For at least like the base set of stuff and looking at what was happening in Gateway Gateway API It started to make a lot of sense seeing we're doing traffic shifting and HTTP route and get away if I is basically doing the same thing So how can we start applying some of these concepts to this east-west use case? And I think even I on what's been happening to say multi cluster for a couple years now It's been really interesting to follow I think one of the challenges is that it started a bit earlier than we saw a lot of end users having that Multi-cluster use case and really that need as a pain point So I guess just like as a show of hands here like how many folks are using MCS API currently and How many folks are managing multiple clusters in production currently a lot more so yeah, what we're hoping to do is Make it easier for everyone to manage multiple clusters in production as part of integrating all three of these APIs Together. Yeah, and how many people use server smashes? Yeah, all right quite a bit more than use MCS All right, we'll move on to the next question How have they evolved separately and as part of a larger upstream initiative to make the multi cluster experience feel more native? I think Stephen maybe do you want to start that? And yeah, I'm sorry. We didn't we did prepare this Yeah, right so this yeah, so this ties back to some extent to what Mike was just saying about where the MCS API came from really because As you might imagine multi cluster and as we saw from the show of hands Lots of people have multiple clusters a smaller subset Use service meshes and a smaller subset still are aware of the MCS API and use that then it it started out from One view of multi cluster, I guess which came from Google which is where you can have all these clusters that are considered to be the same from an initiative perspective and from how you want to use them Which isn't necessarily the case For in many other contexts and that's where service meshes Come in and then there was work going on in the API without actual concrete implementations, which I think is a challenging situation to be in and Certainly when we started working on some arena and integrating it into the MCS API or at least trying to implement the MCS API with it We were able to go back to the SIG and say these things don't quite work as well as you thought or maybe we're not quite understanding What you wanted to do with this and that helps improve the the SIG and make it more More real world and I guess another big difference too is where The outcome of the SIGs fit in to how you use clusters gateway PI Has a direct representation and how you get your traffic to Where you wanted to go and how you make that available to users service meshes also Apply there with policy between services making services discoverable whereas the MCS API is a Somewhat lower level API against more infrastructure oriented So it's more a concern for infrastructure providers, perhaps than actual end users. Yeah, so I can follow up on that a little bit so MCS API offers two really valuable building blocks. It's kind of like how we see it from the perspective of service mesh so MCS API is in Isolation can be used purely for a service discovery case by creating service in service exports and Using the cluster set DNS to be able to route traffic across clusters Service export service import are actually really useful objects. So we had a use case that didn't quite fit in console, but we definitely took inspiration from the design of these and Hopefully at some point we can get upstream we can converge with upstream in the future but exporting services Allows you to do something Across cluster or administrative boundaries to so That was to have like two different multi cluster use cases that we've seen the service mesh world one is where you have multiple clusters or data centers that are logically identical and Are basically serving the same services and you want them geo redundant or highly available around the world and You just want to be able to like fail over to them as necessary or shift traffic between them as necessary, but they're all the same in Larger organizations you often have that as a single teams boundary But then thanks to some of the cloud vendors that have made cube clusters very easy to create and manage We've seen a challenge of cluster proliferation So in some large organizations instead of sharing one or a few cube clusters You end up with each team managing several of their own clusters And then the organization as a whole needs to figure out. How do we do service networking? Across these different administrative boundaries of teams that are all managing their own clusters So that's kind of where I am hoping to see MCS API evolve in the future is to support both the like seamless use case But also like across that cluster set boundary. So yeah, I think there's a lot of interesting work that could happen here Yeah, great answer You know, I just for the sake of time, I think I'll keep moving here But just real briefly I'll say that as you've mentioned Service import has been just a tremendous building block that we can build incredible things on top of with Gateway API It just kind of slots in Interchangeably with the service API So in Gateway API you can either use a service as a target or a service import And they both generally work the same except one is targeting a multi-cluster set of endpoints. So Really neat that the way multi-cluster services were designed They just kind of fit in naturally without any extra thought they just it just feels like it works I'll move to the next one because it's a bit of a mouthful here, but you know, we're gonna talk about CRDs You know these APIs are official Kubernetes APIs, but they're CRD based and CRDs and this whole process is different and new to Kubernetes So before I go much further here, how many of you have installed a CRD in your cluster Okay, how many of you have had an issue installing a CRD or working with CRDs? Yeah, yeah that they can be challenging and They definitely I've had a talk before where I've complained about CRDs So I have my frustrations with CRDs. They are not a perfect thing by any means You know, there are things that we miss I've worked on both upstream API's so endpoint slice ingress But I've also of course worked on Gateway API, which is CRD based Despite our best efforts with upstream API's it's been very hard to really collaborate on API design the The way enhancement process works. It's pretty rigid. There's a very clear timeline. Everything has to go through caps There's it, you know, we've tried and at best we've had maybe five people able to collaborate on an API Gateway API has a hundred and forty plus people that have contributed to it so far and that number keeps on growing So CRDs have enabled us to collaborate more than we've ever been able to before with With any Kubernetes API that I'm aware of Also, as you might expect because these are CRDs when we release a new version of Gateway API It's immediately available and we say we support the trailing Five Kubernetes my versions so wherever you are whatever cluster you have You're probably within the latest five Kubernetes versions. Hopefully And in that case you can go ahead and install the latest version of Gateway API The latest controller the latest implementation and you're good to go So again one of the problems that we had with upstream API's is there's this huge delay between I'm gonna try something and then wait a year get some feedback Oh, let me change that one thing wait another year get some feedback it. This is a much faster feedback cycle and that's been really helpful to us to iterate and You know also we've got lots of implementations We have around 20 more than 20 implementations now And that's helped provide a very helpful feedback and ensure that the API we're building Is really truly portable across lots of different vendors Maybe one of you want to chime in I'm not sure yeah, so one of the keys to this portability is Conformance tests, so this is something that lets us know that all of these different implementations are actually behaving in a standard expected way So this has really been enormously beneficial in enabling implementations And I'm also really excited that MCS is starting work to add conformance. Yes, so yeah Yeah, so this is this is it's a really big deal and because it enables implementations, so as an example when I started working on consoles API Gateway implementation of Gateway API One of the things that was happening was the conformance tests for Gateway API were still being written at that time largely so while we had Looking at the spec we can read stuff and figure out. Okay. This mostly makes sense. This is how these resources map to each other sometimes there were unclear behaviors and in that case One of the things that was really really helpful was Opening PRs upstream to add or propose new conformance tests And then that drives the conversation upstream across multiple implementations on What is the actual expected behavior and what should it be and do some implementations do different things today and some of us office like okay, we can Have a little bit of flexibility here and we'll end up making some compromises so that everybody Agrees that the behavior makes sense Yeah, so this has been an enormous boon for Driving consensus across implementations as well as being a tool for understanding Am I building a thing that actually implements the spec the way it is designed? So yeah, that's Been really helpful and I am so excited that MCS is starting work on adding conformance tests the project I think it'll be really beneficial for enabling additional additional implementations. Definitely. Yeah, and it's also interesting to Measure the spec itself because as we implement conformance tests We realize that there are some features that none of the implementations Implement the way we thought the spec meant they should So sometimes that means that we need to go and revisit the spec or perhaps go and educate all the implementers but you know it's one of the first implementations of as you might expect of the MCS API since it came from Google was in GKE and for a Long time the GKE implementation was actually quite far from being spec compliant So when you see that happen, obviously it means that there are you know, it things take a while to settle It's also a bit easier to almost like TDD a project When instead of trying to read through the caps with the fine-tooth comb and figure out what's this actually mean? Yeah, so yeah, yeah, the MCS spec is quite short Yeah, we don't have hundreds of gaps to All right, we'll move on to our last question. We'll keep this short So we have time for your questions as well But finally, where do these all fit in the ecosystem of service discovery solutions service meshes and vendor-specific tooling? Maybe Mike you can start us off Whoo, um, I guess I I feel like I touched on us a little bit in the beginning where we're starting to see this kind of convergence between these different APIs and finding them as a way to have a like Common set of tools to solve problems that most users of any of these individual projects are facing And I think one of the real boons here is that we've seen that for as much Excitement as there is around Kubernetes as many people as there are this conference today It's still on like the leading edge of the adoption curve We know that there are a lot of folks that are not doing this yet and one of the biggest challenges there is Education it's the building that skill set to be able to work on these projects and Having this portable configuration language Helps enable that if instead of learning one of 20 different ingress is you have to learn one gateway API then If you move to a new job or if you have to train somebody new who's joining your plate your workplace There's one thing that you can get started with that will get you a significant part of the way there of understanding how to do this work so Yeah, and there's also ecosystem benefits to that too of We know that there's folks that are developing learning courses and things like that So yeah, hopefully this work kind of the convergence helps benefit growing the community as a whole It's one of the things I'm most excited about Yeah, yeah, I don't have much to add Really great. Yeah, I'll just say real briefly, you know, obviously I coming from the GK perspective We've loved the features that this unlocks for us Earlier this coupon. I think on Wednesday I had a talk with Lee Wynn from AWS and we talked about how cloud providers them on EKS and us on GKE are using these two APIs together to enable some really powerful routing across clusters because of course gateway PI enables lots of advanced routing functionality that hasn't been in Kubernetes yet and then multi cluster services allows us to bridge that Multi cluster service gap. So combined. They're a really cool set of APIs to work with But with that, I want to make sure we have time for questions So if anyone has questions if you can line up at either of these mics and we'll be happy to continue the discussion there Thanks, everyone So I had a talk with a few friends yesterday about all of these new CRD's that are coming in How do you manage dependencies across the CRD's because that's been an issue with a lot of other Systems in the past so I can see that it might be an issue with versioning. How do the controllers fit together and such Yeah, that's been a huge challenge In gateway PI we've been really focused on backwards compatibility So similar to what you'd expect in upstream. We want to ensure that you can Upgrade to the latest version of C of a CRD and even if the controller or controllers you have in your cluster are Expecting an older version of a CRD that'll still work and similarly if your controllers are expecting a newer version of a CRD That should also still work. So we're really really focused on ensuring that Whatever version of API you have installed it should be compatible Of course, we're encouraging everyone to keep on the latest version Of course, you know on GK for example, we'll just manage that for you and install the latest CRD's across all versions That's what we recommend most people do because again, this is backwards compatible You're not going to lose anything by upgrading to the latest set of CRD's They're just purely additive changes Great question. I don't know if anyone Yeah, well MCS avoids that by only having a single version so far I Related to to his question. I Have you given any feedback to API machinery? come up with ideas for How we should be advancing CRD's themselves because it's another example of Using CRD's which are very generic concept for something very specific I'm thinking that through both of these API's we might be looking at okay for Kubernetes What comes after CRD's? Yeah, absolutely. We have a wish list That we've shared with API machinery. There's a doc and I think an issue tracking that and yeah, you know, I want to say that Although CRD's have their issues they've enabled So much here that I you know as much as I can complain about them the things that they have done for us are Amazing so and they are only getting better You know that there have been some talks at KubeCon that have mentioned the updates to CEL That enable a lot of really advanced functionality right into CRD's So it will take some time and especially because we're supporting the trailing five releases of Kubernetes It will take longer for us But there is a lot of good work going on and we are trying to collaborate with API machinery to ensure that CRD's only Get better over time. Yeah, the the CEL stuff in particular For folks who haven't heard about it allows like synchronous validation of CRD's so right now Getaway API is dependent on installing a admission webhook and that's the thing that you have to Assume a user does and then if it's not there or doesn't catch it You have to if you're building a gateway API controller figure out what to do in the event that something sneaks by it So yeah, CEL we can't use it today because of the version policy But it was really exciting to kind of like see how we'll be able to make CRD's more robust in the near future. Yeah Yeah, that makes me sort of think of you know, well the usual Appeal that you'll get from and talks about there about SIGs, which is that really if you have frustrations with CRD's do voice them Join the SIG calls From the outside it might seem like there's big intimidating Set of cabals that run Kubernetes in practice is just a few people and we would like more More people and for example in SIG MCS. What we see is that there are maybe four or five people who Involved over the long term and we see people pop up every now and again Someone will come along and give us a demo of an implementation and we'll never hear about that implementation ever again And then we'll hear from other people that there's this Implementation that we've never heard about that's actually quite good or is gaining traction or this cloud provider has made available Has added the MCS API to their offering without telling us about it So there's this big disconnect between what the SIGs perceive and what happens in the real world So yeah more input from end users and it doesn't have to be getting involved just coming along and saying Hi, we're using your stuff and one of the benefits of whether you're an end user or an implementer of either of these specs is Participating in the discussion in this meeting is a way to help influence the shape of it Both of these are still rapidly evolving so if there's something that your implementation needs to do or wants to advance upstream or wants to figure out How to make this back support a specific use case that your users care about Now's the time to do that like come join the SIGs join the discussions Gateway API meets Monday evenings in a US time Gamma meets Tuesdays By weekly or yeah swapping between an EU friendly time and a US friendly time on alternating weeks and Cluster yeah most the clusters Tuesday That's a European friendly time. So you mornings for the West Coast and Late afternoon for Europe. Yeah by weekly and yeah Don't be afraid to just pop into a call or if you see something doesn't make sense Open an issue like that was how I first got engaged with Gateway API Was lurking on the calls with my camera off kind of just paying attention and seeing what's happening And then when we started implementing it filing issues for things that I saw in the spec that didn't make sense So there it's definitely an accessible project both of them. Oh all three of them if you count gamma Oh, yeah that where we want all new users to join and help Determine where these are going. Yep and to avoid having all Indian tragedy All right, I think we've hit time. Thank you so much everyone


Have you ever wondered why some rivers flow smoothly and calmly while others are rough and turbulent? A calm river is good for lazily floating downstream, while choppy waters make for great whitewater rafting. Even though it's not aerospace related, I was curious and did a bit of research. At first I suspected that the speed of a river would be a major influencer of turbulent behavior. But then I learned that the are a tributary of the Rhine and Switzerland flows very quickly but isn't choppy at all. Instead, I learned that the water flowing over any kind of disturbance, such as sharp rocks, can cause large speed variations. This water then mixes with the surrounding unaffected water causing turbulence. By contrast, a calm river probably has a smoother riverbed, thus fewer local velocity changes. Knowing what we know about rivers and rocks, I'm now wondering if this idea is applicable to solid materials as well. We already learned that stress can flow in a material by way of load paths, and that it's not unlike the flow of a liquid in a channel. Even though a solid material doesn't ripple or foam in the same way a liquid would, there is a possible analogy here. Maybe we could think of turbulence in a river as water failing to hold itself together, which is similar to a solid material failing under an applied load. I don't know about you, but I think there's a possible hypothesis to be found in this. Let's see what we can come up with. Two pieces of knowledge will inform our hypothesis. First, that water flowing over sharp rocks is more likely to cause turbulence than smooth rocks. And second, turbulence in water could possibly be analogous to a solid material failing under load. Therefore, I will make the following hypothesis. A sharp edge in a material will cause a part to fail more quickly than a smooth one. By now you know that before we jump into testing, we'll need to find an experimental design that will prove or disprove our hypothesis. Though we can't really see stress flowing in a material, we can use something that will easily deform and allow us to more easily observe how loads affect it. Paper is a good option. To test our hypothesis, we'll cut out squares and circles from the paper, giving us sharp corners and rounded edges. Now if we just pull the paper apart by hand, we have two issues. One, the paper isn't strong enough on its own to take much load, and two, there's no quantitative measurement. To address these issues, we have some basic wooden frames that can be loaded with weights using a hanging weight stand, and the paper can be attached to the frame using double-sided tape. The frame provides rigidity, but the paper will still be the weakest element of the setup, which is perfect. And now we can also have quantitative results. Seems easy enough, so let's get to experimenting. We'll start with the square cutouts. As we add the weights, you can start to see some diagonal lines form in the paper, which try to flow around the cutout. You might also see some of the wrinkles pop in or out. Both effects are the result of the paper trying to deform in the most efficient way under the load. Now look really closely at the upper right corner of the left-most square. Some of the diagonal lines seem to be moving upwards, and a small tear is forming at that corner. On the opposite corner, there's also another tear forming. Even though we've now stopped adding weight, the tears continue to grow until they reach the frame edges, the final failure point, with a load of 5.5 kilograms. Now let's try the circular cutouts. Like we saw with the squares, there appear to be diagonal lines forming in the paper as we increase the load. Let's pause for a second and observe what's happening when we get to a load of 5.5 kilograms. What do we see? Is there any evidence that tears are starting to form? Let's keep going. Now the diagonal lines are starting to deform more dramatically, and the holes start to look less circular. Finally, just as a weight is being put onto the stack, the paper fails catastrophically, and we were able to put on 7.5 kilograms. So what can we learn from this? We hypothesized that the shape of a cutout affects its load carrying capability, and we observed that the circular cutouts were able to withstand a higher load than the square cutouts, 2 kilograms more to be exact. Thus, our hypothesis was proving correct. What we saw in the experiment was that in the square cutouts, the sharp corners produce a concentration of stress, a stress concentration, if you will. Like the sharp rocks in a riverbed, stresses in the paper flowed to a point where disturbances could converge. At a certain critical load, the paper failed completely, similar to the loss of smooth flow in a river. The circular cutouts were able to withstand more load, even though they don't have sharp corners, there are still stress concentrations present. The key difference is that the load can redistribute more evenly and efficiently in the circle, where a sharp corner doesn't allow for that. And the fact that the circular cutout has a stress concentration still makes sense in our rock analogy. Even a smooth rock will produce turbulence if the water flowing over it has a high enough velocity. It just takes a bit more load to produce the same result. In aerospace engineering, stress concentrations are an important aspect of design for safety. Aircraft windows, for example, are rounded to prevent high stress concentrations from forming under the high pressurization loads. Stress concentrations are also important to consider when machining or joining parts, since sharp corners of junctions could lead to early failure compared to rounded edges. Maybe one day you'll use your knowledge on stress concentrations to design a new and safer structure.


Despite efforts to improve the diversity of the state employees, a new audit shows that there's a lot of work to be done. An audit found that the state historically has strong policies to promote equal opportunities for minorities and other targeted groups, but the efforts are underfunded and inadequately staffed. In 2015, about 3% of roughly $2 billion in contracts awarded by the state went to businesses owned by someone from a targeted group. The majority of that 3% went to businesses owned by women, leaving the rest to business owners of color. The audit was proposed by state and local chapters of the NAACP. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


So this video is to help you understand what you can do to measure these lines if you don't have a printer and Just to understand why this is important is on a computer Depending on how zoomed in you are this isn't going to match actual centimeters But what you can do is when you've got it on your screen Go ahead and put a piece of paper up on your screen and very carefully without Pressing on your screen too hard without writing on your screen You mark down the the starting and ending points of the line and then you scroll up And you can put it up next to your ruler Lining one side up with the zero and then the other side With your measurements so that you can find out exactly where you are I've got kind of thick paper, so I'm actually going to turn it around here So that when I use my measurements, I can have it here and again I just line one side up with the zero and then I can see where the other side falls on The ruler so I can make the measurements even though I don't have a printer to be able to print those things out


Thanks, pal. You guys, this is Matt Beck from freesaloneducation.com, and I'm going to help you understand the head shape in step number five of our 14 steps to becoming better at haircutting. Step number five is really all about understanding that the head is curved, so we've got to know where we're pulling the hair and what's happening to that hair as we pull it. Understand that we did the sectioning based on the head shape. So we sectioned at the parietal, we sectioned at the division line, we sectioned in the back here, straight down the center. So all of this is on the curve. Well, why would we want to do that? The reason we want to do that is so that we can focus on where I'm pulling the hair out, how I'm elevating the hair, and how it's going to push weight. So if I didn't section out like this and I just grabbed all this hair, so let's just say we'll leave this side the way it is, and let me show you what I see in salons all the time. We grab hair, we comb it out, we get it ready. We don't section a lot because, honestly, what is sectioning going to do besides take up time? Well, it's going to keep you more organized, but let me just show you what happens. So we grab this hair, we pull it out like this, we lift it up and we cut into it. We probably point cut into it because that's going to be a safety net for us because we're bunching all this hair up and lifting it out. So we're going to go in point cut because that's going to diffuse the whole thing. Well, we're not creating shape or creating a haircut with a purpose. So a section or section haircut, this is creating a storyline of what we want the haircut to do. If I want to push more weight forward, then I'm going to focus in this section on making sure the weight goes forward. So I'm going to over direct it back. I know exactly what I want to do with this section and this part of the hair. So that's really what you want to do. If you're just pulling all this hair up to cut it all at the same time, then you're not pushing it anywhere with a purpose. So does it look good when the guest leaves? Yes. But is it going to work for them when they get home? No. So that's really the goal is creating a great haircut that your guest can use and style and it looks good all the time and it looks great as a walking billboard for you. So I hope that this tip helps you. Hope the sectioning helps you. Make sure that you try it out and keep following us. We'll keep working on our 14 steps to becoming better at haircutting. Follow us on Facebook at Free Salon Education and also check us out at FreeSalonEducation.com. Thank you guys so much and see you at the next tip.


Hello, everyone. Bob Wasquitz from ST Microelectronics, staff engineer, here with part 7 of our 9-part video series on the STM32L5 trust zone. This part was not originally included in the webinar on the STM32L5 virtual hands-on back in May. As I've gone through questions coming back from the webinar, we started with hex files and used a Q-programmer to download these hex files. We never really got into debugging the actual secure and non-secure applications. So the next couple of slides, some of them are redundant. We've already done this in the slides leading up to the non-secure and secure applications. But I'm going to show you what you need to do in order to include the non-secure image with the secure image for debugging so that you can put breakpoints as you're going back and forth from secure to non-secure, non-secure to secure through the non-secure callable library as well. Setup slide one of five pertains to the secure project. The first two steps I've showed you on previous hands-on, basically hands-on number two when we were doing the secure application setup. What I didn't show you was the optimization change. When optimizations are used, the buggers have combined instructions on the same line, so not all breakpoints are shown or are available. So for the simplicity of debugging and as a practice I do all the time, I always turn optimizations off. So when configuring the secure project, you want to go in, you know, under the CC++ compiler and change optimizations from typically high, which is what are in our HAL examples, or which come out of the QMX configuration to none. We're still configuring the secure project and these first two steps were previously shown to you in the non-secure hands-on. I have a note there that sometimes the file names change, which I did for this particular slide set. What's very important is the next step, which is basically including the debug information from the non-secure side. And then what I'll also show you, which is important later on, is the sequence in which you debug. Basically, you load the non-secure first and then you're going to load this secure image with the link to the debug information from the non-secure side. This will then allow you to see and operate breakpoints and stop, you know, through one workspace under IAR. When configuring the non-secure application, again, the first step was shown through the IDE. I'm just going to mention again, when configuring optimizations, make sure you go from high optimization to none to be sure that the IDE, where the compiler gets all the information into the debug file. Again, the first step here is redundant. This is the step which allows the library from the generated, from the secure application for the non-secure callables to be done. When it comes time to build the project, and I mentioned this briefly before, but you need to build the secure side first, so that the output library for the non-secure callable is generated, and then build the non-secure project second in order to link in the output. Okay, we're almost ready to debug, so you're going to go and you're going to download the non-secure image first, then you're going to download the secure image, which has the additional information for the symbol data. In the editor under IAR, you're going to split the editor into two, so that as you open files from the secure project, you're going to see them in one editor, and you're going to see the non-secure files in the other side of the editor. So this makes it easy to follow while you're debugging. Note that there are some similar files between the two projects, in which case they're going to be either in one or the other, but not both when you're debugging. Okay, so if you don't include the image for the secure side, what's going to happen is if you try to actually put breakpoints on the non-secure side, of course it doesn't have them, so you're not going to be able to do it. So this here first result shows you what happens when you configure things wrong. When you have the configuration right with that additional image on the debug side of the secure project, you can break as you're coming through the startup code on the secure application. You can then jump to the non-secure side, and then you will see the to break, and you can look at the disassembly and the disassembly window as well. Now this result three I'm putting in here just to show you that you can also trace from going from the non-secure side to the secure side. In the hands-on I alluded to actually adding a secure call from the non-secure side, which can happen. It will then go through the non-secure callable, but without that additional image it's not going to hit the breakpoints. So although the example you have does not have this capability, just be aware that you can do this as well. This is just to show you a continuation of the previous slide in which case on the non-secure side you're making the call to a secure toggle and on the other secure side you're going to call it to the non-secure toggle. But regardless, you can see the breakpoints work when you have to configure properly, and then at the bottom I show you the non-secure callable library, which is output from the secure side. You will also be able to break into that code as well. Thank you once again for spending time with Part 7. Not really a hands-on, more of a showing how to, because we never really use the source code when creating the hands-ons for the secure and the non-secure. This will give you an idea of what needs to be done. It came out of as many questions that I would ask from the previous release of this video series. So I encourage you to continue with the last two parts, number eight and nine, in which case we'll get into the flash enhancement and the deactivation of the trust zone.