Kwan Koso sets to unveil presidential blueprints on November 1 and tonight on Civic Education we assess good governance and accountability at the grassroots. This is PROSPOLITIC, I'm Mary Anacol. The presidential candidate of the New Nigeria People's Party, Senator Rabiu Kwan Koso on November 1 will unveil his presidential blueprint. A statement by the NNPP on Tuesday said the unveiling of the presidential blueprint and the third RMK colloquium will postpone following requests from members across the country after due consultations with stakeholders. We're joining us to discuss this and more is Ladikba Johnson, he's spokesperson for the Kwan Koso campaign council. It's so good to have you join us with Ladikba. You see, it's interesting, the last time you were here you were just Ladikba Johnson. And then the next time you got here you were a placeholder. Placeholder. And now you're here. I'm a spokesperson. How things have progressed, I like that trajectory. No problem, we thank God. Thanks for having me, good evening. Always a pleasure. Let's start by, I spoke with your presidential candidate I think two weeks ago, if I'm not mistaken, when he was here in Ligos to open some offices here, yes. But then things have changed in those weeks, we've seen lots of things happen in the country. But first I want to start by looking at his position and his place between some of the front runners in this election. Most people would say it's a three-history, some others will say it's a four-history. Others have called him a spoiler that he's just there to divide votes. What would you say about Rabi Kwan Koso in this regard? Well I'll say that he is in this race to win. He is not a spoiler if his existence or the existence of the NMPP or the growth of the NMPP spoils anyone's votes, so be it. He has a message for the people of the country. As you said, by the 1st of November he will unveil his blueprint which will involve his commitments to the people of the country, his plans and then the projections. It's going to be a very detailed paper and I know that once Nigerians see this document and they will know that this is a man who means business, who's ready to hit the ground running if he's given the opportunity. But back to your question, I see him as one who has an advantage. He has an advantage when it comes to experience. He's known to have been or known to be a performer in all that he has done. Now I understand why people would wrongly say this is a three-horse race and that is because I think quite intentionally, I don't know why, or he's a strategist, quite intentionally We've spent the last two or three months energizing our base. By energizing our base, what I mean is that he's been going around opening offices, as you said, he came into Lagos and he's done that around the country. In the northern part, I think there are only about two or three states he hasn't visited and he's visited most in the southern part as well. So we've been going around opening our offices, commissioning our offices, talking to the stakeholders there. This is key because you know that we came into the NMPP just in March. And to see what we have achieved in the few months shows you his grassroots appeal to the masses of the country. He is better placed, I dare say, than the other three that we talk about all the time. And I'm sure as we discuss maybe I'll get the opportunity to tell you some of the things he's done and why we believe that he is the person to lead us in the next four years vis-a-vis where we are at at the present moment as a country with the economic difficulties, the insecurity, and despondency basically amongst Nigerians. You should go to the airport, you see how many people are living every day out of the country. So it's a sad situation, but it's a situation that we can correct as a people, but to do that you need a good shepherd and you need someone to lead. And I believe Konkozo has the attributes to lead us in the right direction. Many talk about base, many talk about structure, and this has been what the supposedly big political parties are using against parties like yours or even the Labour Party saying that having a movement somewhere in the north there's not enough base for you to win an election because this is a game of numbers. And in terms of your presidential candidate, of course he does have the Konkozo movement but that is mostly in the north. Yes, you just told me that you have opened offices across the country, but what is the structure of the NMP? Remember you just said you also started, you joined the NMP. Yes, let me explain it to you. The Konkozo movement is the biggest political movement outside the two major parties. By what standards? By standards of membership and the structures. I tell you. Now. But it's domicile in canoe. No, no, no. You have, look, it's like talking about Bola Chinumbu, but you don't do that. What does he have outside Lagos? He doesn't, as a person, he doesn't have what Konkozo has, but they are relying on the fact that the APC is ruling party. But look at it from that point of view. What does he have? The membership. The membership. The party members would make that case that he's the godfather of politics in the southwest of the country, being that he somewhat had a hand in most of the governors who he met. If he were such a successful godfather, he really, really only had ocean states, who is out going now, and Lagos, of course, although he was an independent man, a kitty, not really his, or yours, they didn't win at all. So, you know, but we're not here to talk about Ashwa Jutinumbu, we're here to talk about the NMPP and Konkozo. And you see, the structure was there. The NMPP is a 21-year-old party. So I don't know who, but if they hadn't won an election, they would have been deregistered. They were there, and there was a meeting of minds. We came into the NMPP in March, and we've been growing the party. You will know, if you recall, there was a TNM, the National Movement, that Konkozo first came together with some individuals when he left the PDP. And then they joined with the Konkoziya Movement, and then we all moved into the NMPP. And I always say that Konkozo's base and the NMPP base are what I call organic, organic supporters. Most people, I'm either moving from APC to this, to that, to that, to that. But most, when you see someone putting on a red cap, or white and red, or what have you, and the females as well, they're usually people who are long-suffering. They've been with him. I've been with Konkozo since 2013, and I'm in the south here, and I'm LEGO State Coordinator of the Konkoziya Movement, and we have a movement in Ogun or your ocean. We have it going in the south west. So the facts that we haven't been in government here would not let us propel, would not have allowed us to propel our work maybe into the streets. But as I keep saying to people, I mean, look, two Wednesdays ago, when we had opened the office on a corridor road, I know that some people, some of my friends called to complain because of the traffic we caused and what have you. And most people were like, wow, we didn't know you had people in LEGOs.  You know I'm here, or many others here as well. But you see, it isn't just, some will say, oh, it's just maybe the Arawa community in LEGOs. It's not just the Arawa community, but the Arawa community in LEGOs is a good base to sit atop of. So you have all these things, and it is when the campaigns or campaigning begins properly. It has started, you understand, some have started rallies and what have you, Atiku has done some and what have you. But when he starts to move around, and this time, moving around with the press, getting the message into the houses of Nigerians, then people will know that yes, maybe there's even just a two-horse race, and he will be one of the horses. Interesting. Interesting. What about the national appeal of the NNPP? Because again, the APC, the PDP, they've all held power at some point. Yes. Yes. And then, of course, now that we have the OB phenomenon and the movement, now we have the Kwan-Kosso or the Kwan-Kosya movement, what's the national appeal? I ask this because I always ask politicians at this point, Nigeria seems to need a unifier, somebody who would bring us together, because we have seriously been divided along ethnic and religious lines, and these lines have not necessarily been brought under this administration. What's the national appeal of the NNPP and how do they hope to blur these lines? Because again, I asked your presidential candidate a question. He didn't give me the answer, as I hoped for. I said it seems more like this election is more of an original election, because most of these people seem to be representing regional interests as opposed to the Nigerian interests. The unfortunate situation is that it seems to be as if they're representing regional interests because, unfortunately, in Nigerians, after the seven, eight years that we have had of this government feel that one ethnic group has dominated the others. And so everyone's looking at, to use his phrase, his word, our lokom, emilokom, you understand. But we need a unifier.  And this market is usually a market of demand and supply.  So the people, we, the Nigerians, have to be ready. But that said and done, I can assure you that the NMPP is very Nigerian in outlook. To name itself, New Nigeria People's Party. The founder of the party is an Igbo man from Eastern extraction. He's the chairman of the Board of Trustees. The national chairman is from the Northeast, the candidate Northwest, the vice president from the South. So the NMPP is a party with a nationalistic outlook. What we've realized, as our name depicts, that we all crave for a new Nigeria. If we continue in the direction we're going, there will be no Nigeria anymore. What do you bring to the table when you say we all crave for a new Nigeria? What would you do as the ordinary that would make the average Nigerian voter look in your direction? You see, Nigerians have heard the whole story of we're going to bring hope or change. These mantras seem to be very tiring now and Nigerians are over it. So what is the NMPP bringing? The first thing is we cannot stop hoping. That's the first thing. We're all despondent, we're all unhappy about the situation that we find ourselves in. Yet we all have a part to play because I keep saying if we do not get the small or little things right, the bigger picture will not, the bigger thing will not fall into place. Now what are we bringing, especially talking about the presidential election now, what are we bringing to the table? We're bringing someone who has the political will to act. He's someone who has a track record from 17 years' meritorious service in the civil service as an engineer to being a member of the Constituent Assembly, to being the deputy speaker of the National Assembly in the House of Reps. Then governor for four years, he lost his re-election. Then he became minister for defense in a time when we're talking about insecurity. He has that experience. Then he also has international experience. He was the special envoy to Darfur and Somalia at a time. Then he was a board member of the NDDC representing the Northwest and he resigned from that board because of the sharp practices that were happening at that time. Then came back to be governor for the second term and then senator for four years. Now within that time you can have someone in government to always say what sort of experience. The fact that they have experience doesn't mean anything. How did they do well? His track record is there. We make bold to say no one is perfect, but we make bold to say that none of those who are there against him have what he has. But there is a key to it. I want to tell you two things that will make you know that Rabu Konkoto is for Nigeria. One, when he became deputy speaker, during that election then, that is M.K. Abiola's election, he defeated Bashir Tofa of the NRC in his same polling units, same polling booth, not local government or what. He did that. So he was a houseman and he supported a Yoruba man as M.K. Abiola. That is key to see his outlook. What is even more important is that when he wanted to run for re-election the first time and lost out to Shekhar Al, it was because he was supporting a southern Christian, Abbas Andor, against President Buhari, who at that time had the overwhelming support of the Muslims in Kano. And they kept saying, are you voting for the church or are you voting for the mosque? And he lost his re-election. But when he knew things were going down, he didn't leave Abbas Andor. He supported him to the end. And of course he did his youth service here in Abel Uqta. So he is a Nigerian in outlook. A lot of people do not know enough about him. And that lies on us who say we are supporting him. We have to let Nigerians know. We have four months to let them know that this man is Nigerian in outlook and he will be fair to all and work for all. Let's talk about some of the recent happenings in the country. Let's start with the fact that the seat of power is being threatened as we speak. And that information did not necessarily come from our security agencies. It did come from the United States, the embassy or consular here in Nigeria. And now we hear that schools are shut down, certain offices are not working as they should. What would the NMPP do in terms of insecurity? Because this government came on to power and the wings of, you know, they wrote on the wings of we're going to put an end to insecurity. They would say to us that they have pushed Boko Haram to the fringes. But then we have other issues like banditry, like, you know, killer herdsmen, unknown gunmen. The list is endless. Also we realize that there are now more pockets of violence and insecurity terrorism in local communities as opposed to in the main cities where we have a more concentration of security agents. Well, the first thing I'll say is that the blueprint coming out, as I said, the blueprint is I think is broken into three, basically. For each thing, he talks about his commitments to Nigerians. Then he goes on to talk about his plan on each one. And then we talk about projections. That's a sneak preview. It's a detailed document. Now that handles the issue of insecurity, defense, the police, everything in detail. And I shouldn't talk before, I mean, by next week it will be out there. But basically he was minister for defense at a time where, yes, they spent a lot on defense, but where the country stood tall and was still sending people to help other countries in Africa. He's gained experience from that. He, as I said, even as governor in Kano, he was able to help the defense forces and even the local vigilante. And that is why to date you still see that Kano. The commercial nerve center of the Northwest hasn't suffered from all the things the others have suffered. It hasn't suffered as much from all the things the others have suffered. It was the infrastructure they put down at that time. But what will he do differently? As I said, you will see that in a few days' time. But this is the best kept secret until November 1. I don't want to be fired before I'm hired. Okay. Okay. Let's talk about the issue of flooding. This is one of the most troubling issues that we faced other than insecurity.  I was watching a report by CNN correspondent who's a very tall guy from Kenya. And the water was literally at his waist. Now, for those who are experts who are looking into the matter, we are going to be facing food and security. Yes. We're also going to be seeing all kinds of diseases born from, you know, the water. People are losing businesses, you know, et cetera, et cetera. Do you think the government has handled this issue well? I ask because yesterday is from yesterday as a result of yesterday's neck meeting, all the ministers spoke, the minister of transport, the minister of work spoke, Rajiv Ashala, also the minister of water resources, they all spoke about the fact that it seemed more like the blame was on Nigerians that they were told to move and they didn't move. But then of course, we also know about the dam story that has taken forever to be built. And they're saying it will take 30 years to be able to deal with this situation. What are your thoughts? Well, firstly, I think that successive governments have failed Nigerians. And if it were in the different jurisdiction, I'm sure you would have seen a class action against the federal government of Nigeria. My Nigerians who have suffered particularly from the overflow from Cameroon, I think, if you are meant to have built a dam there, which, by the way, would have helped irrigation and helped our farmers. So we need a government that is responsive, but most importantly, that looks ahead, plans ahead for the people of this country, not just in relation to what has happened now. When you look at areas like Lagos, this is that under... Well, we've also been given an issue to report that we might have to face some water situation here on the island.  Well, I do apologize. Those in leaky would not like the fact that I'm joking about that. But it's a shame. One, yes, government has a point. We are not clean people.  That's on one part. On the other part, you don't tell us as government that, oh, we told them to move, they didn't move. But what are the people moving to? Because I'm also... Exactly! I'm asking, is there a place for these people? Because 612 people have died so far, thousands of people have lost their home. So is there a resettlement plan? Is there something? Exactly. That's what I'm saying. Talk is cheap. Government hasn't grabbed the bull by the horns. They're not planning. They're not saying... I was just going to say, when you say we told them to move, when they want to come and take your land that has sea or foe, I know the government in Lagos, they'll act immediately. They will say, oh, we told them to move two years ago, they didn't move. Look at the joke that we have with Eco Bridge, Anapobo. That place was burnt, when was it? Under the bridge. And you said people will no longer be under the bridges. They're still there, we can drive around tonight. Under Carter Bridge, under what? You have people there. So this government also, not just this government, successive governments have played just lip service to all these things, you understand? So it's a shame, and I believe that we should look for leaders, especially... We have an advantage here now, there are four people. There's 16 people. No, hang on. There are four that you keep talking about, at times you say three. Out of those, they have all been in government, right? So it's easy to say, what has this man done? One was vice president, two terms. One was senator for a short time, and twice governor. The other one, twice governor.  Okay, what did they do? What did they do then? And what was the effect? And where have you moved? The people. We're talking about Concozo, but if someone else says that, oh, I developed, I made somewhere a mega city, you didn't. You met it as a mega city, a mega city has nothing to do with, except with population. Lagos was a mega city. We knew Lagos when it was good, when we could walk the streets, but now the touts are in control. They're controlling the transportation system, making it more expensive for Lagosians. And that's what you want to go and do in Nigeria. But as I said, we start talking from next week. Because if I talk now, people will say, where is the old manifesto? Let it come out, by God's grace on the 1st of November, and the manifesto will be there. That will be online. And then the blueprint that, as I said, is broken into three parts on each topic, will be there. And then we can discuss it, have discussions with Nigerians. And they will know that we have decided that it's going to be a campaign based on issues. We're not going to be throwing or hurling insults at other candidates. It's going to be based on issues. And as far as I'm concerned, you come to Nigerians and say, look, this is it. This is where we can get you in the next four years and lay foundations for the next eight to how many years. If you choose to vote that way, fantastic. If you choose to vote based on inducements or whatever, doesn't matter. The fact remains that it's a democracy, a majority who have the way, but we urge everyone to get involved. All right. Well, always a pleasure to have you in the studio. Ladi Pat Johnson is a spokesperson for the Kwan Kwan Stool Campaign Council. We're hoping that after Monday we can have you back here to talk more. We'll send you an electronic copy. Okay, great. Well, that's the show for now. We'll take a quick break. After we return, we will be talking about good governance and accountability at the grassroots level. Stay with us.


This is your FBI This is your FBI the official broadcast from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation The subject of our FBI file extortion its title The Hollywood shakedown Since the passage by Congress of the federal extortion statute in 1932 The number of such crimes has been drastically reduced However, it is probably safe to say that some form of extortion is practiced almost daily in some parts of the country This evening's program is brought to you not to acquaint you with the modus operandi of the typical felon who commits this type of crime For there is no average extortion case The circumstances in each instance are different However, this case history is dramatized in the hope of reaching people who are being victimized by extortioners And who through fear Are now keeping it a secret If this description fits you Protect yourself Protect everyone except the criminal By instantly notifying the nearest field office of your FBI Their telephone number is on page one Of your local directory tonight's FBI file opens in the fan mail department of a motion picture studio Oh letter from my hometown Somebody was left after you moved Hey smell the screen No, I Went school together What you want Picture Lionel Butler Well, let's dig a good one. Okay And maybe I ought to put a little note to Alice I should get a kick out of it. I wonder what she's doing. Nancy listen Dear Ruth Elmore. I have received certain information from bertha kingman You know that information I mean and you also know what would happen if it was made public I am willing to sell all my material for ten thousand dollars If you agree to pay put an ad in the papers Do not go to the police with this if you do I will kill you Where'd you get that off the pile? Here's the envelope Oh, you think it's a crank. I don't know Who are you taking to the super? This is one fan letter Ruth Elmore better answer From the FBI is here. Oh, let him come in. Have a chair Thank you Mr. Noble. I'm agent taylor. Oh, we we spoke on the phone. That's right, sir You have the note here. Yes Who's handled it? Quite a few people Girl in the fan mail room Her supervisor my secretary miss elmore herself. May I see it, please? Of course Studio will give you every cooperation Oh, um, is miss elmore making a picture now? Yes, she's playing roslyn in as you like it Mr. Taylor, did you ask that because you think this is a publicity stunt? No, sir. Good. I assure you it isn't Miss elmore doesn't want or need that kind of publicity. Well, as long as we're on that subject mr. Noble I have a request we'd like to avoid any publicity on this until the investigation is completed I can promise that fine Or and uh, would it be possible for me to see miss elmore? Of course, I'll have a boy take you over now All right. Thank you, sir. Her trailer is right inside state seven Call if there's anything else you want the entire studios at your disposal Oh Yes, that's right Mr. Noble called and said you were coming. Please sit down. Thanks very much You've come to talk about the note. That's right miss elmore I can't tell you how glad I am. It's come out into the open This extortion business has been bothering me for five years You mean you've been paying someone for five years? No, but I did pay the first installment that long ago To home bertha kingman the woman mentioned in the note Who is she a woman who used to be my secretary? I know I should have gone to the police five years ago, but for once in my life I let somebody change my mind and who was that the man I was married to at the time He convinced me the publicity would ruin my career Where is he now in europe? Signing himself on the Riviera with his fifth bride That eliminates him now. Who else knew about it? No one How much did you pay mrs. Kingman $500 and believe this or not mr. Taylor Everything she threatened to expose was a complete and utter lie When did you last hear from mrs. Kingman five years ago by letter? Yes Would you know where she lives? I have no idea. I see. Would you have a picture of her publicity department has a few? Oh, that's fine. Is there anything else I can do? Yes, mrs. Elmore. We'd like you to insert that ad All right You see we may get a lead when you receive instructions for pay I'll have my secretary call the papers this afternoon. Good and we'll start an immediate search for mrs. Kingman The intricate process by which the federal bureau of investigation looks for a person was put into action A copy of bertha kingman's marriage license was obtained The two witnesses were questioned But they had lost track of the subject many years ago Finally a lead was secured Her address five years ago was a modest hotel Arriving there agent Taylor learned mrs. Kingman had checked out three years ago From the hotel she was traced to a small apartment building And finally to a cheap theatrical boarding house on a hollywood side street Good morning. Are you the landlady? You can save your breath. We got no vacancies I don't need another vacuum cleaner and I never subscribe to magazines ma'am I'm a special agent of the fbi. Oh, here are my credentials. Oh, come in come in. Thank you Sorry, but it's only 9 30 and I've been swinging this door so much I feel like a hinge and that only sounds like an earthquake That's the hungarian hussar rehearsing his wrestling match for tomorrow night Quiet little spot we got here Yes, yes it is Uh, tell me ma'am. Do you have a tenant named bertha kingman? What kind of an act does she do? Well, she's not in the theatrical profession But I understand that she once lived here. Well, then I ought to know her Well, do you keep a register? Oh, I used to till a guy checked in with a talking goat Well, uh, I have a picture of her that I'd like you to take a look at if you will. Okay Do you recognize her? Uh, wait a minute now. She looks familiar Oh bertha kingman. Oh, yeah now I remember she lived here about a month Would you know where I can find her? I'd like to ask her some questions. That'll be pretty tough. She's dead Leo I checked at that boarding house. Mrs. Kingman's dead. Uh, yeah, I saw the death certificate at the Hall of Records myself. She died two years ago another note came today Oh, where it is delivered to the studio by messenger In the description of the boy's uniform. It sounds like the central messenger service They're checking their delivery slips. What'd the notes say get the money ready. No, uh pay off instruction Oh, not yet, but the threat was repeated. Well, excuse me sure Agent Sumner, that's right You did uh Just a minute pencil. Yeah, thanks All right, go ahead. Uh, what what street was that? Yeah, I got it Well, fine. Thanks very much Yes, I'll wait here for him Jim central messenger did deliver that note the boy picked it up from the bartender at this salon When around three this afternoon the messenger's on his way up here now I'll try to get a description from it. All right. I'll see what I can pick up at this bar I'm a special agent of the FBI. You're my credentials. Okay Tell me were you on duty? Uh, about three this afternoon Ha, I worked 12 to eight this week Well, did you give an envelope to a messenger an envelope addressed to a ruth elmore? Always in it. I don't know Customer give it to me with a couple of bucks told me to pay the kid who picked it up What's customer's name? You've got me Does he come in often? As far as I know today was the first ever seen him What's he looked like?  Well, do you know the people he was talking to? Yeah, but I don't want to get them into a jackpot. They they come in all the time I look I I just want to ask him a few questions. Maybe they can remember what this person looked like that, so I guess that's okay He was talking to a couple of seamen named Joe Logan and arty jackson And a girl named sally pow We're gonna reach them Joe Logan lives in that apartment house across the street Arty jackson shacks up in the next block Uh 737 I think And the girl I don't know. She hit town a couple of weeks ago and started hanging around here Uh, I don't know where she's staying. Well, could you have her call me? Call you myself the next time she comes in Leo, did you get anything from the messenger? No, Jim. He didn't talk to anybody about the bartender How'd you make out? Well, the subject stayed at the bar a while Struggled with conversation with the these three people I went to see the two seamen They've already shipped out. No for where? Well, the destination is classified But they're shipless an hour ago and no address on the girl Oh, the bartender will call if she comes in there again Jim you think there's any possibility mrs. Kingman passed her information on to a relative before she died Miss Elmore doesn't remember the old woman ever mentioning any family wife I think I'll check and see who paid for her if you know Without the ever no no Orlando Men are april when they woo December when they wed Maids are maids. I'm sorry. I can't remember the speech May we please have a few minutes 10 minutes everybody Take as much time as you want. I'll be all right. Of course you will you should have seen the rushes this morning Those boom shots through the trees were wonderful. Oh, mr. Noble. Oh, hello, mr. Taylor Could I speak with both of you? Can it wait, please? Miss Elmore isn't feeling very well. Have you seen the papers? I haven't even stopped today for a sandwich Well, the extortion story is all over the front page in the papers That can't be I haven't told anybody about this. Have you miss Elmore? No Ruth, do you mind if mr. Taylor sees you back to the trailer? Not at all I'm going over to publicity and find out about this Let's go this way. Oh, I saw your trailer over there. I know I have something to tell you I don't want my mate or anyone else to hear it. I'm afraid to trust anyone now Oh, what happened? I got a call from the extortioner When a little while ago he doesn't want the money anymore Why not because I went to the police He said he's going to kill me I file the hollywood shakedown Sons of extortioners show as wide a variety as those of their victims One is a youth with criminal ambitions Another is a hardened criminal The third is a psychopathic killer No two are alike That is why your FBI never takes chances in an extortion case It treats each one as if the threat is real As if the extortioner will carry out his menacing promise It advises you to adopt the same attitude You may be fortunate enough never to receive an extortion letter But if you do Protect yourself by remembering one thing It may be from a harmless crank It may be from a criminal intent on money or murder Don't take any chances Call your FBI Tonight's file continues at the local FBI field office the following day Jim, how's Ms. Elmore? Well, she seems to have recovered completely from last night's phone call I wonder if it's safe for her to be working Oh, the studio's arranged for three shifts of armed guards to protect her around the clock Maybe it'd be a good idea to ask Mr. Noble not to allow visitors on her set, huh? That's a pretty tough stage to keep closed, Leo. I've got a couple hundred extras on I think Oh, excuse me Agent Taylor Oh, yes You have them Fine Y'all right away Thanks very much Leo, that was the bartender at that salon. You get the girls to drink. She's in there now. I'll see you later Ms. Powell That's right. I'm agent Taylor of the FBI. Hi Come on sit down. Thanks very much I hear you want to ask me some questions. That's right Oh, man, you spoke to day before yesterday. I don't know his name, but he talked to you here in the bar Oh, that's like ask me about which salted peanut I ate. I get to talk to lots of guys Well, you were over there in that corner with this man and two seamen Oh, that still don't tell me which one you mean. Well, the seamen's names are arty jackson and joe logan Oh Yeah, I remember them Well, do you recall the other man? Uh-huh. He stayed after the sailors left Can you describe him? Uh-uh Do you remember his name? Well, he told me but I forgot if I don't like somebody their name don't register Well, if you didn't like this man, why'd you sit with him? Oh, it's better than drinking alone paying for your drinks What didn't you like about him?  They don't have to How do you try to impress you? Oh, he's the kind of guy who knocks winners. He just can't stand anybody else doing good Well, do you recall specifically what it was he complained about? Everything the way the studios are run who should have gotten the askers what's wrong with color pictures You name it. He knocked it. Is he in show business? According to him Say what he did No, but he talked like he wrote directed produced and acted in every picture and then stood in the lobby and took tickets He probably hustles hamburgers. Is it a drive in? Hi, I Can you remember anything else he said? Anything else he said about pictures? Oh Let's see Yeah, he even put the blast on the way Lionel Butler fenced in his last picture Hell the sword wrong knees were bent too much didn't have his feet spread wide enough His elbows were stuck out everything with this guy was a federal case Did he actually say all those things about fencing sure right with you, honey Uh miss Powell, you mentioned before this man complained about the oscar winners Yeah, that's right. Well, did he indicate that any of the candidates was a friend of his? No, I can see why he saw about the Oscars though. He must figure he should have gotten one Oh for what the biggest romance of the year the one he has with himself Oh, I just interviewed that girl get anything no description, but she told me a few things that might come in handy Oh, like what? Well from her report of his conversation. It sounds like he's an emotion picture business That's what man could be anything from assistant messenger boy on up. Oh, that includes a lot of people. Yeah, I'll get it Agent Taylor Oh, yes, mr. Noble When I did Yeah, I think oh who touched it fine Yeah, right away Leo another note was just delivered to miss elmore. This one was left in her trailer while a maid was out anybody see who left it No, but miss elmore saw it to it that no one except herself touched it. Maybe we can get some prints Where's the note now? No, they're holding it at the studio. We'll pick it up and send it onto the lab So we just got a report from the lab What does it say they found some clear latent prints on the envelope of the last note We sent him. Well, how about the note itself? No prints, but miss elmores and a typewriting done on the same machine Not much to work on jim Leo, you know extortioners don't like to carry around a note any longer than they have to Yeah, so so this last one was delivered right to miss elmores trailer yet. No one remembers a stranger coming by Plus which we have a fair suspicion that the criminals connected in some way with the motion picture business Do you think it's someone at her own studio? Could be we can check the typewriters out there Let's do that. We'll also try to get as many fingerprints as we can Fingerprinting a group of people takes time. So does rounding up sheets of paper all bearing the same message Fingerprint cards and typewriting samples were gathered and sent to the laboratory Where train technicians examined each one and then reexamined them before making a report Come in mr. Taylor. Thank you, mr. Nobu. Have you found the extortioner? Not yet sir, but we're making progress. We've located the typewriter Where here at the studio sir on stage nine. Wait, uh, I'll look at the production schedule Stage nine Oh, here it is That's the newspaper office set Who would have access to that typewriter, sir A lot of people i'm afraid Everyone working on the picture and actually any one at the studio could buy the set when it wasn't being used Or would there be any chance Are you looking for me leo? Yeah, jim We matched those fingerprints on the extortion envelope. They belong to a studio messenger I just spoke to him. He says he got that note to deliver from home A man wearing a leather vest black tights appointed suede robin hoods hat and a heavy beard But that's the way the extras on miss elmore's picture addressed Well, the messenger also said the man drew this diagram for him on the inside of this book of matches What was that for the messenger just went to work here and didn't know where miss elmore's trailer was Hmm Well, they aren't these matches Belong to the messenger no to the extra Mr. Noble, can you come over to the stage with us? Of course You think you can pick the extortioner out of 500 extras now, sir, but there's a good chance you'll pick himself out for us A woman I would kiss as many of you as had beards that pleased me Complexions that liked me and breath that I defied not And I am sure as as many have good beards and good faces or sweet breath Will for my kind offer when I make curtsy bid me farewell All right, print that one Uh, mr. Taylor, we can try that now. Why mr. Noble Mr. Taylor, have you found him yet? No miss elmore, but we may in a minute attention attention all extras These gather on the other side of the moat It's mr. Noble doing that. We have evidence the extortioner is an extra on this picture. That's right Which one? Well, that's the part we don't know yet I'll See the man crossing the bridge over the mark the one in the blue suit Yes Well, that's agent somner of our office. Now, mr. Taylor, shall I go ahead? Yes, mr. Noble if you will Extras please face this way Additional scene to shoot and we need a man who knows how to fence Well, all those who do please raise your hands Mr. Taylor, what's this all about? See the extra that agent somner is heading toward A one with his left hand raised Yes Well, I'm pretty sure that's the man we want A few minutes after agents Taylor and somner began questioning the extra He made a full confession and explained that he had known miss elmore's former secretary And had heard about the original extortion from the old lady before she died Agents Taylor and somner asked mr. Noble to make the announcements because of two things The girl at the saloon had mentioned the extortioners criticism of the fencing form exhibited by an actor whose picture was on the saloon wall Because the criticism was technical It seemed probable that the extortioner knew how to fence Then agent Taylor noticed that in the book of matches given to the messenger by the extra All matches had been torn from the left side Indicating that the user was left-handed When only one extra raised his left hand in answer to mr. Noble's announcement He did what agent Taylor predicted He picked himself out of the crowd and led to his own arrest He was subsequently brought to trial convicted and sentenced to a term in federal prison Used in tonight's broadcast are adapted from the files of the federal bureau of investigation However, all names used are fictitious And any similarity thereof to the names of places or persons living or dead is accidental This is your fbi is a gerry divine production


Today we have a very young passionate data science enthusiast who is a leader community member and what more so she has hosted many meetups participated in many of the meetups community events and She has a lot more to tell you. So maybe I'll invite her for the day. So without any further ado, I'll just hand it over to our next wonderful speaker. Rajneeth Kaur. So over to you, Rajneeth. Much. Hello everyone. We're going to have lots of fun together on inside generation today. And let me tell you a little bit about myself first. So I'm Rajneeth and I've been in the space of data science for over almost a decade now. I'm currently working as a senior technical project manager with persistent systems. Just an hour back, interestingly, I became part of the top 10 women in tech award for her rising and I've also been shortlisted for the women in IT Asia women leaders series. So, in terms of my 40 insights generation time series forecasting promotional analytics NLP and ML in general is what I would say. I am passionate as well as good at right and at any point I'm handling about 25 to 30 data professionals. Right. That's about me. Now, let's get to you. The reason that you are here.  Or finally you may be an existing analytics leader. I promise we have lots of interesting findings and takeaways for each one of you. Now, one thing that I keep telling the hundred plus people who've ever reported into me, I'm going to be sharing that very soon. But what we're going to start with is what is an insight, the process of it, and then we're going to apply that through case studies. Right. So this is what I've told everyone who's ever reported into me that data science is as much an art as a science. Right. And what I want to do hopefully today is break some of that art to scientific chunks that you can take away with yourself and implement right from tomorrow. Now, what you're going to really ask me first is what really is an insight. It's a buzzword that we speak all the time and really leaders, clients, stakeholders today want us to give them hard hitting insights. And lack of insight will lead to lack of engagement and possibly loss of business as well. So what is really it? Let's start with what it is not.  So the first thing I want to tell you is insights are not data, they're not technology, nothing to just do with business and any jargon surrounding the same. Insights are not even observation. Right. The way I like to remember what an insight is through this stakeholder telling me that I'm trying to make a decision, stop confusing me with facts. And if there is just one thing that you take away from this session today, I would like to tell you is remember an insight is something that enables better decision. It may be a composite of many different findings. It may be a hidden pattern, but end of the day, this has to be sticking around in your mind. We are going to delve a lot more deeper into the generation process, but generally what you would get is a big problem statement like how am I performing, right? And you have to break that business objective or primary objective into secondary objectives or analytical objectives that can be answered through data. For example, how am I performing can be broken down into is my market share consistent or rising? What's my year over year change? Hopefully that's a positive number. What's my attainment percentage? Which means that if my target was 100 units, how many did I actually sell? Let's say if I did 90, my attainment would be 90%. If I did 120, my attainment would be 120%. So if all of these positive numbers are there, then you've definitely performed well, but we're going to get into much more depth here. Next, I would like to say one tip that I would like to give from a storytelling perspective is that cater to different types of learning styles. You'll see in your environment that there are people who learn better, who look at a graph and they understand in a Jiffy what's going on. Another person may be a numbers person and a third person may like you to give a crisp English line, right? So used mix of tables and graphs and commentaries to do your storytelling of an insight. Now, this is what I would like to ask you, would you like to have a checklist? I think very few things in life are comparable to the pleasure of knocking off things off your list, right? And very often we get confused between what a finding or observation is and what an insight is. So my guess is that you do want to see, so let me take you through. An insight is something that is big, useful and surprising. So we are really talking first of all about a large number, a large impact. Second thing is something should be doable about it. It has to be actionable. Finally, it has to be something that's new knowledge and not very obvious, right? Let's take a couple of examples. Apex region wise share increased by 1.3%. Now is 1.3% a big number? In this context, probably not. Can you do anything about it, my dear friends? Can you action anything at a region level? Or if this was at maybe at a city level or a store level, you can change things. But at that high level of granularity, not really. When it comes to it being non-obvious, trust me, there are a ton of BI reports that your stakeholders as well as clients would have seen long before you get to these facts, right? So this is not an insight. Let's look at another example. The sale of crackers increases during Diwali by 1.58%. Now it's a huge number, 1.58%. But is it actionable? Can you change the date of Diwali from November to October, for example? Is it surprising even? Did you already not know the correlation between sale of crackers and Diwali? So no, again not an insight. Let's take a third scenario. In this case, let's say in a recent month, your sale has piped by 120%, which means that if you were selling 100 units, now you're selling 220 units. And you want to find the root cause of it because you can repeat this success story, right? So you find that you recently started investing in LinkedIn and because of that, the spike happened. LinkedIn is giving very good ROI of 2.3. So all big numbers, first of all, large impact. It's very useful because now you can start investing more into LinkedIn. And it's surprising because it's a new event, right? So a very simple and elegant framework by S Anand, the CEO of Grammler. But I would like to call out one thing here. It's not as easy to implement. Especially that surprising bit that you'll see is very tricky. And very often I've seen that something that's surprising to me is not surprising to my stakeholders. So what I would suggest is over a due course of few months, try to understand the daily lives, the challenges, KRA goals of your stakeholders and clients better, and you'll be able to understand what's surprising to them. And on the other hand, you can also make them accountable for telling you what's surprising. So that is about the checklist. Now what you're probably going to ask me next is how do I even come to observations like this? Because trust me, if there are 10 observations you come up with, maybe one of them will be an insight, right? So how do you get to this observation part as well? What is the process and what's the approach to this problem? And one thing that I would like to again share that's worked beautifully for my career have been business frameworks. So there are a plethora of them that exist and they can help structure your problems, analytical problems much better, right? I still remember during my MBA at one point, my marketing professor said start with a framework, right? And everything else will start falling in better. Let me share a few examples, right? So product price plays in promotion, 4P. Anything descriptive that you want to do in terms of marketing problems, this framework comes very handy. The second one Pareto, the AT20 rule. Does that ring a bell, at least for a few or few? So this is the law of vital few and it's very good when you want to prioritize and you want to pick few things because of which there can be a major change. And some examples are 80% of the work is done by 20% of the people or 80% of riches are held by 20% of the people. So that's how it works. Now it doesn't have to be AT20. It can be 1 and 99. It doesn't even have to add to 100%. It can be 2 and 57% for example. But the law is for prioritization.  And stakeholders, trust me, love it because you have 4 boxes which is enough decisions to take but not too many. So you can target each of those quadrants differently. There are a lot of analytical frameworks as well like hypothesis testing, 5 by where you keep deep diving into something till you find the root cause. Cause benefit works very well when you're trying to evaluate goodness of a decision. MECE and then RFC, Recency Frequency Monitor is very famous in the marketing world, details especially. Now this slide has become very heavy. So I'm going to, we'll be sharing a link with you about an article that I've written about using business frameworks for better analytical solving. And I would recommend research and read upon them because they really aid the process well. Because I would like to use the rest of the time to take you through some case studies. How do we actually apply them and help our stakeholders make better decisions? So we'll be sharing that link in a jiffy. Now one thing that keeps happening across client calls, right? So we have, let me introduce to you Mahesh and Karli, the heroes of this show. Mahesh is presenting to his client and he states that, okay, the reasons could be that EMEA has fallen 20% year over year. Product Pandorab that's our new launch has not been meeting our expectation. And then he goes on to say something about offline channel but Karli cuts him short. She says that don't tell me all of these facts. My attainment is low at 90%. I could only meet 90% of my target. Tell me what can I do about it? Can I explain why the target was unreasonable? Can I ensure in some way that the next time I'm not in the same place. So what better decisions can I take? So what Karli is really expecting is an insightful discussion, right? So if I were in the place of Mahesh, what I would start with is some descriptive framework like the 4p and have very much detailed questions around it. And everything that I'm going to show you henceforth guys, I have implemented at some point so they're totally doable, right? So for example if it is product. The kind of questions we could ask is has the product mix changed? Let's say I was selling A and B as products. Maybe I was selling them equally earlier but now A has started selling more. Or maybe there are some new launches whether my own or a competitor launch. Another thing that could happen could be changes in pricing. So the first thing we could try is take the trend of price and plot it in a simple chart and see how the average is trending. There could be discounts as well. Maybe earlier we were having discounts. Now we are not or vice versa that could be leading to no attainment. When it comes to the place aspect, there could be something interesting at geography level, whether at region, country, city or school level. Maybe my online versus offline channel mix has changed. Maybe I'm investing more in one of the channels than I should, right? When it comes to the online channels, one thing that could be happening is that between email and search and social media like Facebook and LinkedIn some changes might be happening, right? Or maybe I'm investing lesser in some of them. Talking about investment, the fourth B would be promotion. So first thing we should check is whatever promotional budget I had last year do I have at least the same budget this year? Because if I'm having lesser budget then I may not be able to easily meet my targets, right? And maybe the return on investment from some of the media like for example, let's say Facebook has not performed as far with expectation. So in the advertisement world that's called ROAS or return on advertisement expense. So one thing I would like to call out is we are studying all of this keeping in mind that the attainment is 90%. The exact same exercise would be done if it is 120% but the decisions taken will be different, right? Because if it's 120%, you want to see what is the success maybe a certain product or a certain place is doing something very nice that you would like to share with other products and places as well, right? When, trust me, when you do all of these descriptive points, data points you collect into tables like this, my dear friends it becomes a very powerful exercise. Let's say that when we did this exercise we found out that offline channel, even though both channels we are investing as much as we did last year offline channel now has 15% lower returns, right?  Collectively the decision we take is let's optimize it. Nothing can be optimized at a channel level or a region level is one theme that we've been seeing throughout, right? So we decide let's go to the most granular level. So there are 25 cities in which we've been investing so far and what I'm going to show you next is an exercise we could do where the x-axis is your expense and the y-axis is your revenue lift or the increase in revenue that you would expect from each of these cities. This is what you really get. So on the x-axis the expense, revenue lift on the y-axis and we do a scatter plot for all of these 25 cities. If you watch carefully there will be an invisible linear line that you can pass through most of the topics, right? So let's do that. Let's do a simple linear regression, right? What you will be able to see that while most of the points do fall within the upper and lower bound, there are five points that don't. The ones at the bottom marked in red are really underperforming. Why so? Because the amount of spends that we are spending in them we are not getting the same ratio-wise revenue lift and quite the reverse is happening with the ones marked in the green oval. They're getting an excellent return on investment from them. So what we decide is without investing a single extra dollar and using the simple 2x2 matrix, using simple quadrant analysis, what we can do is reallocate some of the funds from the bottom right bucket to the top left bucket and that hopefully will make both Karli and Mahesh all the stakeholders happy. Now let me call out that it may not always be a simple pen paper exercise like this. Sometimes you will have business decisions why you cannot reallocate those kinds of funds or why you are okay with lower return on investment from certain sites and that's okay but everything has to be either backed by data or by a business reason, right? That's the whole purpose of it. So hopefully with this case study and when you implement all of these things you will be able to make your clients shine in their client size because that's the ultimate victory, isn't it? Now that's from a learning perspective. Next what I would like to do is define our next steps together. So the first thing I would suggest is if you haven't already go through the various business frameworks because they help the analytics process, ML process, anything that involves projects that involves data very well and the second thing is use this big useful surprising checklist to filter out different insights. If you are a student what I would like to suggest is practice all of this in whatever next projects you do. Whether that's on Kaggle or your academy practice them and discuss a lot of different problems with different data professionals, right? You need to have exposure to different domains, different types of scenarios so that you are more ready when you enter the corporate world. The second thing that I would like to suggest is for existing data analytics professionals, right? So you are a master of data as well as technology already, right?  And what are their pain points? What is it really that's troubling? And that becomes your big business problem statement to start with. After that you have everything that you've learned today to actually apply frameworks and help them with solutions. If you're an existing business professional like a marketing manager or a finance manager, you already know what you're going through and what your goals are, right? So sharpen your decisions through these kind of frameworks and checklists. And if you're having a larger team, I would definitely recommend have a good mix of people who are strong in domain, in technology and in data and then help apply all of this. Finally, if you're an analytics leader, of course, share all of this with your team but also pick your change agents, your early adopters carefully. Give them as a pet project so that they can create the revolution that you want in terms of problem solving. That is all from my end in terms of the session. And thanks for being a wonderful audience. I'm happy to take question answers.


What I wanted to talk about today is the concept of a killer app and how we're going to find the killer app in this space. It's a topic that comes up with Bitcoin also. One of the most common questions I get asked is, what is the killer app? Do you have some thoughts about what is the killer app in Ethereum? Replacing Bitcoin isn't the correct answer, by the way. This is an interesting question. When people look out at the landscape of all the possible applications that might exist, whether it's in Bitcoin or Ethereum, they map out what you think might be a space. That's not always the first thing that will happen. Some applications require prerequisites, infrastructure, or a large concentration of users in a specific geography. Or they require an industry that has a lot of users working together to adopt a technology. You don't get the same applications in the beginning of technology as you do after it's matured for a while. Think about the internet for a while. I was around in the early days of the internet. I remember in 1992, everybody knew that video-in-demand was going to be an app. At least no brainer. You don't really need a lot to figure out that video-in-demand will be a killer app. I remember the first video conferencing demonstration I participated in. It involved two rooms, about £2 million worth of equipment, and a connection over fiber between the University of London and the United States. It was the culmination of a two-year project, and it was pretty much what you would do today on a Skype call. Video-in-demand is obvious, but not yet. Not going to happen any time soon. Netflix or something like that, the ability to do that, certainly not going to happen any time soon. When you're thinking about the killer app, it's not simply the set of applications that might possibly be implemented. It's also, what can be implemented with what you have today? What requires the least infrastructure investment? What requires the least density of users? Yet, it provides a viable solution to a real problem. That's the question I spend a lot of time thinking about. In Bitcoin, we kind of see where that is going. There is an intersection of high-value cross-border payments that are particularly difficult. There are currency controls difficult because your government is not printing $100 trillion bills. Difficult because you have very high fees or low opportunities for banking. That's a sweet spot. The reason it's a sweet spot is because it doesn't take much to be better. You can be slow, and all you have to do is not be as slow as the banks. You can be expensive, and all you have to do is not be as expensive as the banks. You have a viable solution to a real problem, and all it takes to adopt that solution, is to send her in the recipient's participate. You don't need massive infrastructure to do that. What is, in fact, the killer app for Ethereum? In Bitcoin, we have gone off the rails. Everybody has gone blockchain crazy. Let them call it blockchain, says the t-shirt, making fun of this idea that everything is a blockchain. I think there used to be a database, but it is now a blockchain. Suddenly, magically, it acquires these capabilities and utility-sensorship-resistance-neutrality-borderless operations, which are not really the characteristics of a blockchain. There are characteristics of specific types of blockchains, but if you just take a database and shove some hashes in it, that does not the mutable blockchain make, but it makes some good money for consultants. Everything is a blockchain. What is happening in Ethereum? Everything is a DAP. App plus D. DAP. Let's DAP this, DAP that, DAP the next thing. Let's DAP everything. Everything DAP. DAP the world. Which is kind of the same thing, and also it attracts all the wrong kind of attitudes, the wrong kind of people. The sharks start circling. They are like, there is money in the water. There are VCs throwing money at stuff they don't understand. We have a hype tournament. It is the new web 2.0. Let's run for it. Let's take what we were doing before, slap blockchain in front, and now what we are doing is cool, and most importantly, fundable. Let's take what we were doing, slap DAP in front, and what we are doing is now fundable. There is a danger there. You are seeing it already. I want to be too harsh on the Enterprise-Ethereum alliance. These are not your friends. The idea that all of these enterprises are going to bring their magnanimous attention down to your technology, and make it suddenly shine in their enterprise applications, for the most part, what they are interested in, is forking the code and creating closed, boring versions of it that they can sell to management. As long as you are not doing anything disruptive, they are going to ride the Ethereum pony for a while. But eventually, mark my words, there is going to be a time when what you do is disruptive and interesting enough, that they are going to say the magic words. We are interested in the technology behind Ethereum. DAPS, not Ethereum itself. Sound familiar? Mark my words. That is going to happen, unless you don't really do anything interesting. But if you do, that is what is going to happen. So again, what is the killer app? Because it is not a DAP. What I think it is, is the DAO. The DAO is dead? Long live the DAO! What is the essence of Ethereum? To me, it is smart contracts. Where do people usually use contracts? Most contracts I have ever signed, or written, are for business-to-business interactions. I sign some contracts as a consumer, but I do far more contracts through my businesses. Contracts of what makes businesses wrong. There is a particularly interesting aspect to that, which is that private-commercial contracts between two businesses are not subject to anybody's regulation. I can choose what jurisdiction I want to operate in. I can choose my choice of law. As long as it is an affair between my corporation and another corporation, nobody's business will be right in that contract. That is a wide-open space. It doesn't defend regulators. It doesn't get into the side of business and government. It is just kind of neutral. It is nice. There is a particular type of contract that is the most interesting, which is the very basic contract. The first contract you should do in any business. What is the first contract you should do in any business? Articles of organization.  It is how you make sure that the people you are forming, this association, this venture, this vehicle, are going to behave the way you expect them to behave. That is the first contract. The corporation itself is a contract. That contract is the most critical contract, because that is the opportunity where Ethereum can reinvent what it means to be a corporation in the modern world. The very essence of a corporation, the decentralized autonomous organization. That is the killer app. It is the space that regulators don't care about, for the most part. It is the space where you have the greatest freedom to invent completely new systems for humans to organize on a massive scale. It is Ethereum's moonshot. It is the possibility of taking this to a whole new level, taking it into a moon orbit, if you like. There is a problem with that. That is, the going into moon orbit requires rocket science. Writing smart contracts to organize corporations is rocket science. What is the essential understanding of rocket science? It is that fundamentally there is very little difference between a rocket and a bomb. In terms of fundamental chemistry, a rocket is a very large exothermic reaction. The difference between a rocket and a bomb is that a rocket is a controlled exothermic reaction, where all of the output is directed in a very specific direction. Think of that as governance. It is a bomb with governance. That is the difference. A rocket is what happens when you do governance on explosives. The problem is that when people see the awesome power of a rocket most of the time, they are really excited by the big boom possibility, the explosive side of things. This also applies to smart contracts. In smart contracts, money is the fuel. The smart contract is governance. The rocket science of a smart contract is ensuring that the fuel of money that is managed by the smart contract doesn't blow up in your face. When you are doing rocket science, it is very disappointing when Stevie, your neighbor, decides to strap a lawn chair to 150,000 kilograms of highly explosive fuel and says, I shall conquer human spaceflight. They know that governance is so important. And what happens when you build that form of human spaceflight? The problem is it will forever mar the idea of human spaceflight. From that moment on, anybody who is searching for the term human spaceflight will go online, and the first result will be a YouTube video of Stevie Boy creating a ginormous crater in their backyard and turning themselves into Stevie Mist. Because while they had the kinetic energy captured in 150,000 kilograms of highly explosive fuel, they forgot about the governance. And the governance is the killer app. It is how you take funds and manage them, how you take the energy of the community and manage it, how you reinvent the corporation. Every time you think about writing it down, there is this little siren call that says, we could raise a lot of money with this thing. Resist that call. Because the way you achieve the awesomeness of a modern orbit with Ethereum is by very careful, very conservative governance that iterates and matures over a long period of time. That is a killer app. That can change how we do corporations. But in order to do that, you must make sure not to put too much fuel. If you try to build an Atlas V on day one, you will make a big crater. And you will keep doing that for as long as you decide what the first step is, moon orbit. Let's not do moon orbit. How about low-earth orbit? How about getting off the launch pad? How about a horizontal, harnessed engine test? That is really the challenge with Ethereum right now, but also the tremendous opportunity. The killer app is smart contracts that redefine the modern corporation, the DAO, the decentralized autonomous organization. But if you go search for the DAO, what do you find? Stevie Boy blowing himself up into a giant crater. So it is actually really the opportunity to do the killer app, because the opportunity to put a lot of fuel into that engine overlooks the maturity of the governance. What we need is a lot more work on the maturity of the governance. But those who do that work, it's going to take 20 years to get the overnight success. But one day, that vehicle is going to go into a moon orbit. Thank you.