I mean, I guess again the kinds of projects that are coming forward, we're interested in the leverage that that can bring, so some of the solutions are very much public sector, they require public sector funding, the nature of what they produce will not have a private finance or private sector element to them, however, some of the projects do so very much part of the process was understanding that leverage and the outcomes and how that creates... Okay, but yes or no, not for the island's plan. In terms of the island programme, sorry, can you just repeat the question for me? Was there ever a consideration that private funding could have been leveraged for the island funding particularly in this situation? Yes, so the nature of the projects, there is a consideration of how they leverage private funding, another act of private activity. Can you write to the committee with if there was any private funding kind of besoost at all, please? Yeah, yeah, thank you. Thank you gentlemen, your average has been hugely useful certainly, I've got a far better grasp on exactly what the role that you have in the island's programme, so thank you very much, much appreciated. We will now move on to the next item, which is a consideration of a consent notification relating to a UK SI, the Pest of Plants Authorisation Amendment regulations 2022, and I refer members to paper 3 and page 17. Downing members have a comment on the notification. Are members content with the Scottish Government's decision to consent to the provision set out and notification being included in the UK rather than Scottish subordinate legislation? Yes, there was the point that I raised earlier on. Scottish, the SI overlaid it in the UK Parliament on the 3 October and will come into force on the 1 November, and the Scottish Government said it was not possible to provide Scottish Parliament with a required 28 days to consider the notification as policy details were not able to be finalised prior to some of the recess. Members will note that because the 28th period does not include recess over 14 days, 20 days, blah blah blah. The point that I am making is that we have on numerous occasions in this committee talked about the fact that SSIs are not laid in time, and I think that you should be noted that this one has not been laid in time again by the UK Government. I do not think that that is actually accurate, Jim. This instrument could not have been laid any earlier than it has been in this committee. We are talking about a couple of days, so any delay would not have made any difference to the time that we had to consider it, but we can certainly note that. Are members content with the Scottish Government's decision to consent to the provision set out in the revocations being included in the UK rather than Scottish subordinate legislation? I close the meeting.


Welcome to the show. I have notes with me, your host for this episode. I'm Issa Badiola. I mix that up. I mix that order up. It's fine. This is natural. Welcome to the show. I have notes where us in RT Innovation come together, hang out with a bunch of friends, and we talk about animation, creative industry, and megazords. I am Issa. I said this already. And joining me today, I have very special people. Thanks for laughing, Jordan. I'm not Carrie. Hi. Issa, you know that intro is probably the best one so far. Oh, thank you. Also, with us is Joshua Kazemi. Yeah. Hello. Welcome back. Thank you. Thanks for having me back. And Hannah McCarthy, making her debut. Hello. It's me. First time viewer, long time fan. Just happy to be here. Wow. First time attendee, not viewer. I just wrong word. I've watched episodes. Hannah faded into view, and I was like, wow. How unpleasant. That's what everybody wants to see. It's just Hannah fading into view. Literally, I just, when I was asked if I could be, I was like, I literally just want an hour to talk to Issa and Jordan. Yeah. Just let me have that time. Of course you're not. Yeah. Put me in, coach. I just want to talk to them. But they should just start. Yeah. We should just start booking time where there's a free hour when people can hang out. I mean, we have designated social time. Unlike, what is it? Like Wednesday or something? Wednesday and Friday? Wednesday and Friday. But that's with a big group. We should just do like smaller group ones. Yeah. We were in a meeting like an hour and a half ago. The meeting was an hour, but it ended at about 30 minutes. But then we were just talking for about 25 minutes. Went a little off the rails. There was piano playing. Oh, yeah. That's true. Oh, you guys should have been to one of the meetings before that, because Noelle started off very strong by talking about cheese. Really? Oh, yeah. Oh, Hannah, you don't know this. OK, I'd love to tell the story. No. I've known about his cheese thing for years, by the way. What do you have in the Wells cheese thing? So he, I think it was like Maggie went in and went, sorry. I feel like I was interrupting a conversation. And Austin Harper goes, no, we were just talking about dogs and cheese. And Noelle comes in as he does, unmutes himself, and says, yo, I got some opinions about cheese. Everyone is like, all right, Noelle, go ahead. And he goes, I think it is totally fine. It's totally acceptable if you eat cheese with something else.  What? Yeah. Doesn't eat cheese by itself. And so multiple people?  Like an apple? Yeah, just cheese on its own, period. Like a slice of cheese? Like on a charcuterie board, like little cheese slices. He's not down with, he's not down with string cheese, nothing like that. No cheese on its own. God, I wish Noelle would just pop in unannounced right now. I wish. She's to defend herself. And the center to defend herself, yeah. Cheese senses are tingling somewhere right now. We're going to have them on eventually. And I'm just going to bring it up again so we can be like, Noelle, please start the cheese debate. I need to hear him explain it.  Yeah. Yeah, he's projecting for sure. He's not projecting. And they were like, what if you add like two different cheeses together and eat those? Is that the same thing? And I don't feel like we got a straight answer. Oh, you know why? Because he's invasive. Yeah, because he made this up on the spot. Yeah, he doesn't really have a stance. It was the funniest thing because it was like a Google meets equivalent of several people are typing, like the moment he said that. And like every other thing he added on it. Yes, it really did. We talked about cheese for quite some time. Oh my gosh. Honestly, I get it. Several people are typing thing reminded me of our like fun conversation we had yesterday in our I Have Notes topic sheet. I was in there adding some stuff for today's show. And then ESA also popped in and was like watching me type. And she was like, oh, yeah, I was going to talk about this or something like typing that in. This is weird conversation where we're just typing things out as they happen. In like the body of the document? Yes. Yeah, that's awesome. I was like, get out of here, ESA. And then she was like, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey. In front of the type. Exactly. And then. Oh my god, that's so good. She was like typing something out. And like, I knew where it was going and I just typed no. Just real time, just absolute real time. Oh, gosh, brutal. It was a fun conversation. It was like better than texting. Honestly. Because you have to wait for people. In this case, you just see them typing out, I have an opinion.   Yes. Would you have actual conversations or would you like slack next to each other? Both the column A and B. Depends what we want to hear the conversation. There would be a point where I think things would happen and I'd look at Jordan and then I'd start typing. So he would know. Well, she would be in this position. Here's the keyboard. She would be like this. And then I would like. That's how it went. Wow. Real interaction. Well, hello, everyone. Good to see everyone here. Hannah, this is your first time on I have notes. I'm thrilled. I'm excited. I'm nervous. I'm nervous every time I have to talk. Well, I'm going to ask you to talk some more. Could you please tell everyone what you do as a job and what your day-to-day is like? Great question. Fun fact about me, it's a running joke at the company. My job changes every six months. It keeps it fresh and exciting. My job right now, my current title, is creative director. I don't have a specialty like a lot of people. I'm just kind of a gun for hire amongst the Rooster Teeth folks. I kind of help out wherever needed. So as a creative director, I'm just kind of a resource to a variety of our different teams in development, in production. And my day-to-day changes every single day because it really depends on I work on lots of different kinds of projects. And most of those projects are in varying states of development production, post-production. And it really varies. But it's a lot of meetings now that we are remote. So there's a lot of Google calls, a lot of reading through documents, pitch materials, scripts, and a lot of just talking to wonderful creative geniuses like you three. Oh, hand. That's my day-to-day. Yeah. Thanks for the compliment. Thank you. Yeah. I mean it. You guys are great. You're great. And you're also the voice of Faze. Oh, yes. That's also a thing that is a thing. Still don't understand it how it happens. But that's a thing. I'm Faze in RVV0, which I'm very excited, so excited for people to see. It was very simple for us. Your audition was the best one. So that's how it happened. That's how it's true. Oh, gosh. Just baffling. Have you ever done any voice acting before, or have you just taken a shot? None. I'd never done any before. And it was that Jeb messaged me out of the blue when I think they had. I think they'd already sent out their call for auditions. I did not submit. Because I was like, oh, me? This voice? No. Hey, guys. Hey, guys. I went all over the place. And I was like, this monstrosity of a voice? Absolutely not. And Jeb reached out. And I think he, I don't know if he was just saying this, but he said that Torian had asked, if I would be interested in auditioning. Because I think Torian really wanted to have people from lots of different parts of the company and really go back to those roots of let's get a bunch of people who are doing this for the first time, getting really excited about it. And I was like, if you want me to, I will. But I have no background in this whatsoever. And so I did, I recorded the characters they gave me to try and then sent those in. And then they asked me to come in to do an in-person read, which is where I met Josh. It was great. I was like, he's really getting to meet me in my anxious prime, where I was completely full throttle anxiety the entire time. And I also, I had met Torian before, but only very briefly. And we did that. And Torian basically was like, yeah, it's you. You're going to be phased. And I was like, you don't want to take the weekend. Think about that. You want to take time. Yeah, I was like, surely he's not going to do this right now. Like, surely he needs to go assess some choices. And he was very like, I don't understand what you don't understand. You're doing this now. And I was like, I didn't know this would happen this way. So I panicked. And then I think multiple times was like, Noelle, it's not too late. It's not too late to cancel me. But it was also because I went into those readings blind. I didn't know anything about the characters they had me reading for. And I thought for sure I wasn't going to be phased because she's so cool. And I was like, I'm a huge dork. I do not sound intimidating whatsoever. And when I, especially the more time that went on, and Torian shared some of the animatics and stuff he was doing with her, and I got to read more of the scripts, I was like, they've made a huge mistake. They're going to regret this. She's too cool for me. I conned them. So yeah, it's been very fun to, that's completely new to me. It's a completely new experience and part of my time here that I've never had before. And it's been really amazing getting to work with Torian and Noelle and Josh and see all the passion and love they're putting into that project. And we're all obsessed with it. Like everybody who works on it is fully obsessed with it. So I'm really excited for people to get to see it. Yay. Yeah. That's exciting. When did you start here? Was it like 2016? 2003, I was in a garage. You know, I'm kidding. No, Hannah. No, no, not me. I started, I believe, in 2016. I had my four-year mark in September. Oh, OK. Yeah. Hannah, you do other creative stuff, too, right? I remember. I'm going to put you on blast again. Oh, no. Oh, no. Finalist, quarter finalist for a screen rating script contest. Yes. I thought, how? You've done your research. Oh, god. It's like hot one. I didn't know this was an interrogation. No, yes, I did. I submitted for a screenwriting fellowship because I love writing. I love storytelling. That's honestly what I love about my job here and just, in general, is getting to work on stories with different people and different creatives. And so writing was something I've always loved doing. But didn't really, I didn't have any training or education in it. I didn't go to film school. I didn't study screenwriting. It was not something that my school had. I went to a small liberal arts college. And so I studied creative writing, but I didn't really have much education in that. And so it was something I just started self kind of teaching in the last couple of years. I mean, just from reading things other people have done. And obviously storytelling was something I always loved. But I wrote my first screenplay, my first feature a couple of years ago. And I just refined it and worked on it. And it was very, is very probably the worst thing to pick as your first feature because it's like deeply personal and based on my own experiences in college. But so it was very much too close to any negative critique of it.  So yeah, that was fun. But yeah, I finally worked up the kind of courage in the last year to start subinning to things. And it was really interesting to just start getting feedback from people who knew me because my friends, I'm always like, well, you have to be nice to me because you're my friend. You have to say it's nice. So yeah, I do love writing. I am constantly bombarding, again, not to make everything go back to RVB. But I'm like, Josh, Noel, I have all these questions. I have all these thoughts. I feel so deeply for all these characters. Let's talk about it constantly. And it was awesome. It was so awesome. At one point, we were like, Hannah's right. We need to punch some of this stuff up. No, no. It's because you guys did such a good job like building these characters. And it's something I love. Same thing with Arsall. I've been obsessively talking to Issa and Josh about that as well. I think the thing that I really love about storytelling is you become so just empathetically attached to, if it's a well-written story, if it's a story that resonates, you care about the characters. And that's really what matters. And so when you have these characters like Arsall and the characters in Red vs. Blue where you're really invested in them, I grew up in fandom. So I just go, let me live here. Let me think about this constantly. So that's what I love about writing and storytelling is you get to build these worlds, play in these sandboxes. And ideally, share them with other people, get to work on it with other people I think is super fun. I'm ranting. Amen. Man. You're ranting, but we're all green. Yeah, it's true. That's how Hannah ends all of her, like, I do. She just goes, I'm ranting. And it's like, it's OK, Hannah. I'm sorry, I'm talking. We're listening. Yeah. You talk too much. You have us in thrall. Well, storytelling, well, Hannah. A storyteller who talks too much. Oh. Gosh. So on our topic sheet, oh, I remember. This was one of the things that Jordan and I were talking about in real time. Disney canceled the theatrical release for Soul. So it's going to premiere in Disney Plus in December, December time. But it's not going to be $30, like Mulan. Mulan, yeah. So what do you think happened there? I briefly talked to Jordan about this because I was like, oh, I have so many, so many thoughts. And one of them is like, I feel bad for Soul. Because I think Disney gave itself its own bad strategy and said, oh, we can't do that anymore. That strategy didn't work. We clearly didn't make any returns on Mulan. And it's just like, I don't know. Maybe because Mulan might have been bad. So. Yeah, I don't think anybody was clamoring to spend $30 on Mulan. Like, that's the thing too. Because it's just like, why would you want to ask? Or why would you think that the audience would be willing to pay another expensive premium on a movie that they think they want to keep forever, even though they don't know if they like the movie enough to keep forever? I will spend $5 to rent Soul for a day on Disney Plus, on top of what we pay for Disney Plus subscriptions. But if this is how Disney's going to react to the whole subject subscription premium basis thing, I'm like, I don't know. I think you just did a bad strat. Yeah, it really doesn't. It doesn't make any sense to me to pay $30 to have access to it in a program that you're already paying a monthly subscription for. Just put it on Apple movies or whatever. Put it on the digital market space and pay for it that way, like, it really is confusing.  And probably would have worked. Is there a movie out there that you would have paid for? Like, people talked about Black Widow being one of those movies. I would have paid $30 for In the Heights. Oh, yeah. The Lin-Manuel, the musical. Musical, yeah. I would pay $30 for that. Yeah. But not move on. I would have done that for Hamilton, for sure. That's a good point. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. Well, sorry, go ahead, Jordan. No. You talk. No, no, no. Would you pay for cheese? No. Would you pay for what? Would you pay for cheese? I heard we were talking about cheese. Is that the no-show? Where is he? Get out of here. I heard we were talking cheese. What's the situation? Someone brought Noelle. Is Noelle in the V-Mix right now, too? I just can't believe it. Sam, you did this. I know how to explain yourself. Crafty Noelle. Oh, my god. Am I in? Oh, Sam, I'm in. I'm coming in. I feel like a wrestler. I feel like a wrestler. Come here. Oh, my god. It's John Cena. Oh, my god. So what is this I hear? Because I heard someone was talking about cheese, and I heard a little birdie tell me we were talking cheese. You're the one talking about cheese. We need to hear this cheese rationale. It's not from the top. So, OK, from the top. OK, from the top.  As long as you eat cheese with something else, it's good. It's OK in my book. But good how? Good as in it's morally and ethically correct. Now, if you eat cheese by itself, I think I swear I've read several pieces of literature on this matter, I think.  He wrote. Yes, that I personally wrote. I know Al. If you eat cheese by itself, I swear sociopathic tendencies you need to be looked after. Don't trust you. So that's my that's my stance on cheese. Don't eat it by itself. That's weird. Don't don't do that. What's your stance on like string cheese? Oh, terrible, terrible. OK, that's like string cheese with. That's intended to be or like those little are they baby bells? You know what they're talking about? Oh, baby bell. Even worse, even worse. Even more sketchy. Because why? I don't eat those, but I'm still curious. It's not a sociopath. It's in a weird wax thing. Can't trust that. Can't trust any of it. What? It tastes so gross. That's what cheese comes in, Noel. Tastes so gross. But then I can't trust it either. Again, as soon as you take it out of the wax and then you eat it with something else. But if you eat it by itself, can't trust you voting. What about wine and cheese? Wait, what about OK, so wine and cheese fine. As long as there's an and or an ampersand, you're choosing. You're choosing water. Cheese and coke. Yeah, any cheese and cheese. I think I think well, cheese and wine. I think that's cultural. I think that's like a sign of like your sophisticated, right? So I think that's OK. I think that I think that's fine. But just cheese and wine starts to. You start to get a little shaky. Yeah, now you're cop. They're coffee on the ratio. Like what if you have like like chips and into into queso? And it's mostly cheese that you know, see, that's fine. That's fine because the thing is you're still using that chip as like a as a tool or even as like a vessel to a vehicle. Yeah, exactly. OK, transport. It's for it's great. Except with wine. And so wine is good. Sam said it best, though. Sam said it best. He said that it's about balancing out of these flavors. So cheese by itself is just too much, just too much. But if you if you eat it with something or if you enjoy it with something else, balances out really rounds it out. It's ethically acceptable. Just turn that up. Just ethically acceptable. This is a TED talk. Cheese, cheese. Just eat it with some slide, please. What was there an incident that spurred this particular? Yeah, who hurt you? Which cheese hurt you? Are you lactose intolerant? I don't think so. I don't think so. I mean, like maybe if I eat like I don't know an entire pizza by myself, then that's too much for my own body.  I was going to say, it's like, is it the cheese that's the problem when you eat the pizza or is it everything else? That's fair, that's fair. But the thing is, the thing that I think is always funny is every time I go to an event with other people because I rarely go out, everyone always tries to get me to eat cheese by itself. And I just can't do it. To me, maybe it's just the fact that my taste buds just hate eating cheese. Like by itself, I can't name a cheese that I eat that I'm just like, oh, this is amazing. I'll just eat a lot of this. So that's my- Well, you know, that's fine, Noelle. It's just you don't have to like throw other people. It's just- You don't have to call them so serious. They're there where it is. They can be trusted. I can't- That's the thing. I can't trust them to care about other people. Empathy. It's just cheese. It's just cheese. This isn't- This is a bold leap because I'm like, here's the thing. I can't think of a lot of times where I've just eaten cheese by itself.  And that's why I trust you, Hannah. And that's how I knew. That's how I knew you were gonna be phased. That's how I knew. Because I was like, I knew it. Does phase eat cheese by itself? Oh, she can't- She doesn't like- Josh and Josh, she wrote some stuff. She doesn't like cheese. She doesn't like fruit. She doesn't like- It's true. There's some cannon stuff we get into. Oh my God. Oh, that's good. That was it. That was all I had. I don't know how to exit this. Do I just duck at it? Just do like a- We'll return your life. We'll kick you out. Yeah, just like- Oh, my God. Oh, my God. Oh, my God. Oh, man. Thanks, Noelle. Whisked away by the cheese gods. Bye, Mom. He's crazy. Oh, my God. In all his cheese fanaticism, I love it. He- Say what you will about his stance. He believes it at it. Yeah. It is like Hamilton. Where Hamilton voted for the person that he didn't agree with, but it was because he believed in something. Yeah, if it came down- Yeah, that's right. If it came down between Noelle and Aaron Burr. Noelle has beliefs. Well. And it doesn't have to be politically. Like, he just has cheese beliefs, and that's enough for Alexander Hamilton. He will take a stand, whether the stand is valid or justified. He has one. Yeah. Thank you. Thank you, Sam, Tyler, and Mike for coordinating that. Well, we're- Yeah, I see the slacks now. Yeah, me too. Oh, no. I had my notifications off. Yeah. I just kept getting pinged, and I was like, what is this? I don't know. I should just keep doing the show. Yeah, yeah. I think it can wait. Well, I don't remember what we were talking about, but I'm looking forward to watching Soul. Whoa. That's true, yeah. Yes. Hannah was in the middle of a thought, and then Noelle went, are we talking about cheese? I said, yeah. But that's okay, Noelle. It's totally fine. I think I was gonna say, I think we were talking about just the price. I was gonna say, I think that what I had heard when that decision came out about the cost for Mulan, was that someone was saying it was they were extrapolating, well, generally like breaking down the cost of like a family going to the movies. Yes. It would be, you know, $40 for a family, like more than $40, I guess, for a family. Not for me, I have draft house season pass, so I see that. Well, not everyone has that. That's paying off for you right now. That's, yeah. They were gracious enough to pause for everyone. Me too, I appreciate it. But I think that was the idea of like most of what they were anticipating was like people who would see that in theaters are, they're banking on like families with kids, and if they're giving you a rental for it, they're anticipating more than one person is going to watch it, so they want, but again, is that the right strategy? I don't think so. Yeah, it comes down to as well, how do you quantify like people watching everything else they put on there that was made specifically for that platform, like the Mandalorian? Like that whole family that was also watching the Mandalorian, does it really break down to $5 a month or whatever it is, you know? Like, I don't know. It seems like those scales are like totally off with putting it on there. I don't think there, I didn't hear any other explanation for why they would, they did it that way. I think they're just trying to, I think they're just throwing darts at the wall and seeing what happens. That's a valid, I think part of it too is just like Mulan cost so much money. Yes. You know, like they're trying to see if there's any way they can just like kind of make it even, or break even on that one. And it was $30. I mean, they're also losing money. They're also losing money. Everywhere else. Yeah. I think it was a big mistake for them to tell us when it was gonna be on Disney Plus for free. You know? Like that it was gonna come out in December for everybody if you didn't buy it early. I was like, oh, well then I'm gonna wait. I can wait a couple more months for Mulan. Yeah, yeah. We're in quarantine for like, we can wait. Yeah, it's nice to have something to look forward to. Yeah, yeah. Three months, that's like a week in quarantine time. In quarantine time. It just flies. Time in is an illusion, guys, remember? We talk about this a lot. A lot of people talk about it a lot recently. Do you wanna talk about your Haunting of Bly Manor show that you watched? Oh, have you guys watched Haunting of Bly Manor? No. I wanna start tonight actually. I thought Josh is like excited little like, yes. I want to, I loved it the first season. It was so good. Okay, I'm scared. And I'm really in the house. Hannah, did you watch? No, cause I'm scared. She's scared. She's scared. I saw like one clip of like the long take, I think in the first season. Oh yeah. And I did not watch the show. I think I read a summary of one of the spookies. I'm not gonna say it, cause I don't know what's considered to boil it even though there's like a second season out. Yeah. About a particular female spooky in the first season. Spooky. I don't know if there are that many cause I didn't watch it. But I had nightmares just from reading about the spooky. Oh my God. I literally had night, I couldn't sleep and I didn't watch the show. So that tells you what kind of baby I am. Uh-huh. Where did have you watched the haunting stuff? No, I am also not a horror spooky guy. I like spooky comedy, like my favorite horror movies, Cabin in the Woods, along that movie. Oh yes. It's a great movie. Hannah is saying the word spooky over and over in spookies. I'm sorry. It just reminded me of the show on HBO, Losus Spookies, which is a great show. Oh that looks hilarious. That show is very good. I highly recommend that. Are you spooky? Cause I didn't know if like even saying what things were in the first, I don't know what's considered spoilers. Ghost? Is that, who's to say? Who's to say? Just a sputting, that's what that means, right? Spooky. Could be a ghoul. Could be a goblin. The spooky is all encompassing as well. Ghoul hot? Okay. I don't know. Who's to say? Who's to say? So valid points all around. I am not into horror as well, but I think the biggest thing about The Haunting of Hill House, which is the first series of this like anthology that they have going on, it was so highly rated or like really talked about amongst a lot of people because a lot of people kind of equated it to like, even people who don't like horror will actually have something to like about Haunting of Hill House. Okay. Because it's a cross genre horror. It's not just like horror, it's like drama. It is about this family, you know, like you've heard the spiel, Haunting of Hill House. It's really good. I have watched so many video essays on it because I'm the person, I mentioned this like online. I am the person who like, if I know I'm not gonna watch something, I will watch a video essay on it. So I can just like give myself that summary, but still be in the know. What did you do that for like recently? And I was telling you, just watch the thing. I want you to watch the thing. There's, there were so many things because I was right next to you. I know, I'm so sorry. I think in general, it was Game of Thrones. Like you'd never watch Game of Thrones. Yeah, cause I would watch Jonathan from the Queer Eye. He would, he did Gay of Thrones. Like he would have like his own recap episodes of Game of Thrones. Those are funny. If you watch Game of Thrones, then you're watching Game of Thrones. It seems like Ysua would beg to differ. Funny without watching it. Oh yeah, that's right. I would watch this YouTube channel, New Rockstars, cause they would be like, I have a breakdown of every Game of Thrones episode. And Jordan would be like, just watch Game of Thrones. And they're pointing out stuff I did. I would, I would not have noticed. So that was me. I don't know why this is more enjoyable. That was me in Haunting of Hill House. I actually ended up watching a Haunting of Hill House like the last like week or two. And I, I hate spookies, but I wouldn't mind. Of any kind. Of any kind. And every time I knew a spooky would happen because they were very good with, they're like, with like ramping up kind of that terror and tension. I would just look at my embroidery and start embroidering aggressively more. And I would just go, let's carry into my embroidery while I'm watching with my ESO. And so we ended up watching Bly Manor. And since like no one else here has really watched it. So I'm not really going to talk about it beyond like the, what we're talking about in terms of Hill House. And also it's, it's spooky time. It's time to talk about spooky stuff. Josh, I don't know if this is going to color your opinion of it. Oh man, just rewatch Hill House. Oh, okay. All right. So honestly, that's what I wanted to do. Is that you really want to watch the first season? Yeah. Okay, good to know. Well, so we have very rank opinions. And I say rank because I usually use the term onions as opinions. So my onions are very strong.   Oh, interesting. Because we didn't like Bly Manor. And you finished it? We finished it. Okay. All right. It was, we were hoping, like in the first episode we were like, okay, how do we feel about this? And then we were kind of waiting for things. And then at the end we were like, oh, we, we didn't like it. So. This was a waste of time. But it was a really interesting show to talk about in terms of why we didn't like it. Because. Well, sometimes that's just as valuable. Like entertainment out of that. There one thing that we kept talking about was how we kept comparing it to Hell House. And when we were talking about it at first, like amongst each other, we're like, is it fair to really do that comparison because their anthologies, like it's different. Like it's a different story and stuff. But then after a certain point, I was like, no, I think we have to start comparing it because Hell House really set a standard for like what a cross genre horror can be. And I feel like a lot of people, I know that are into spooky stuff and horror stuff, they will watch like horror movies and they'll be like, oh, that was okay. And it was because it might not have been scary enough for them to think, oh, that's so scary. Like I have an emotional response. And instead they kind of concentrate on all the other unfortunate failings of the movie. Like, oh, the plot was like, all right. Cause it wasn't scary enough. Or, oh, the characters didn't really make any sense, but cause it wasn't scary enough. So if you have enough scary that might be good enough for you to forget every bad thing. So, lesson learned. You just weren't scared. Maybe that means I should watch that season. Yeah, right. Maybe that's an endorsement for me. Whenever you hear it, just like, just look down and be like, it's scary, don't look. And then you'll know when it passes. I'm kind of glad though, that you didn't like it because the thing I wanted to talk about is something I like a lot. Cause I think I found the show of the year. Whoa, for 2020. And Hannah, you're going to be very excited about this because that show is a show called Ted Lasso. Yes. Josh and I are the first. Josh, watch it too. Josh, you're watching too? I love Ted Lasso. Josh, I literally wanted to start a Ted Lasso fan club at Rooster Teeth. We were like, we are number one fans. We called the Greyhounds. Love it. It's so good. This is one of the things Jordan and I were, I was like, all right, Jordan, sell me. Well, I was like, I would. Now 3v1, 3v1. So the things I want to talk about, and this plays into how the show itself works. This show should not be good. Nobody should, yeah, nobody should want to watch the show and nobody, the show should be bad. But so if you're not familiar, the character Ted Lasso is a character from NBC Sports Network's promos for the English Premier League when NBC got the rights. They would do these commercials where Jason Sudeigas plays this character named Ted Lasso who is a American football coach who gets hired by a Premier League team to coach soccer. And it's just jokes about how he doesn't understand the rules of soccer and so if he doesn't know what offside is, he didn't know that you could tie games and stuff. And when those commercials were coming, I was like, oh yeah, this is kind of funny, whatever. And now seven years later, they come out with a show based on an NBC property coming out on Apple TV, produced by Warner Brothers Television. It shouldn't make any sense or anything, but the show is very good and very wholesome and it's exactly what we need in 2020. So his whole thing is kind of like, everybody treats the character who's this very optimistic, kind of like golly G, like, you know, I'm gonna do my best no matter what. He, you know, everyone is immediately skeptical and he wins everyone over by just being himself and that's what the show does as well. So in some ways, it had to be Ted Lasso and it had to be this like skepticism that everybody is presented with and then the show wins you over, like he wins everyone in the show over as well. It is partly created and adapted by Bill Lawrence. Who did Scrubs in Cougar Town. And probably some other stuff that I don't remember. Zach Braff directs an episode, which is pretty interesting. But the show is, the show is great. I watched all 10 episodes. My wife doesn't even care about soccer. I love soccer, but like she doesn't care. And she loved the show. So highly recommend, I think it's the show of the year. Super positive and like, and it's just so nice. And there's a bit where like every morning he brings the owner of the club. Oh yeah, the biscuits. And she loves them so much. And she's like trying to figure out where he's getting them. But it turns out like at the end of the episode, it's real that he's just making them for her. That's so sweet. But that recipe is online and Holly made some and they're pretty good. Whoa. It just takes it away. Jordan is so prepared. Oh my God. Like that like one cut he did. Oh man. It's amazing. Show of the year.  No, I haven't. I'm just gonna do a hot one. You're really excited. Gosh, gosh. Wow. You're really excited. I was like you, Hannah and Josh, the recipe for you. Yes. Please. Thank you. God, seriously. Yeah, it's an absolute delight. Yeah. It's just so- It's on Apple TV, right? Apple TV Plus, yeah. Yeah, Apple TV Plus. And all 10 episodes are out. Just get a free trial if you don't have it. Just knock it out. You can knock it out in like two days at most. Yeah, it's a super easy, fun watch. And I think I was talking to, I forget who I was talking to about it, but I was saying that what I love about it is he is basically Paddington in human form and everybody knows how obsessed I am with Paddington. Oh my God. And it's really fascinating from like, if you wanna talk about from like a character study perspective, he's a type of character. I feel like you don't see that often. And that's not to say he won't change, but at least in his first season. He's really like a flat art character. He really doesn't change as a person. He's kinda affecting everyone else. The people around him. Exactly, which is exactly how Paddington is, where Paddington comes into the context of the story with a set of ideals and morals and a perspective and is challenged by everyone around him. And ultimately he holds fast to those ideas and perspectives and the people around him are influenced in a positive way by him. And Ted Lasso is very much the same. And I feel like you don't see that very often. And particularly, maybe I'm wrong, but like particularly with characters that are like older characters, like I just, it's really interesting the way they write his character where you're not expecting him. There's no like, there's no ounce of cynicism directed at him for being this person and it's really refreshing. He has other things going on in his life that are like revealed in the first episode and stuff that it's like, how are you always so positive?  It does a good job of building out the tertiary characters too. Like, even the characters. You start loving all of the other characters too. Yeah, you're like, I love this football team and I want them to be successful. I would die for Sam. And Danny Rojas. I know. It's really sweet. And I think it's great because they, they explore lots of different types of personalities and a lot of different ways of dealing with conflict.  And it's a bunch of people from all over the world coming together from different backgrounds and they got different personalities and you know, how do they clash and stuff? Like the two main player characters, like they just hate each other so much. But even then there's like really great examinations of like how they interact with each other and why they have the animosity that they have. And you know, it's interesting the characters, the journeys of the main journeys you get to see of character development are in these kind of side characters. And even like, there's only really two primary female characters in the show. It's a men's football team, so it's not that hard to, you know, expect. But I love both of those female characters so much. And I love their relationship that they have. The relationship is so good, so good. And it could have easily been something entirely different. And the way they build them together is just so wonderful. And Juno Temple is just delightful. Yeah, yeah. She's great. I could literally talk about it forever. So, Issa, you have to watch it. Even though it's a show about a soccer manager managing his soccer team in England, you're gonna like it. I really think you will, it's really great. So I am actually curious, Josh, how did you come across Ted Lasso? It's the Bill Lawrence of it all. I love Scrubs a lot. I really liked Spin City, the show he did before that with Michael J. Fox. And because Bill has this commitment in his sitcoms to be like, we'll do big, broad comedy, but we're also gonna try to make you cry at the same time. And he did that really well in Scrubs because it took place in a hospital. It just lended itself to that really well. But that's the thing he did really well in Ted Lasso. It's really funny and really broad at times, and it's about football. But almost every episode brought me to tears at some point or another, especially like that last episode. The last episode. So beautiful and heartwarming. It's like this giant warm hug that we all need in 2020. And yeah, it's just, it's so good. And y'all said so many good things about it. It's like, yeah, to echo everything y'all said, it's just like this beautiful warm hug we all need. Oh, I think it's so, everything else is so cynical. Having something that's like wholesome and positive is like so desperately needed. Yeah, I was gonna say, like there's this, when Hannah, you mentioned, or Hannah, you and Jordan both mentioned like this character of Ted, just kind of this being, almost this like center of optimism and everyone else around him kind of changes. It reminds me so much of how a lot of like big award-winning TV in the past decade or so has been like actually the opposite.  It's all about the anti-heroes, yeah. Yeah, and like actually the one thing I think a lot about, or it have been because I've been watching video essays of a show I've never seen. It's a Bojack Horseman. Let me guess it's Breaking Bad. Oh, okay. Oh, yeah. Yeah, which everyone, every video essay always starts off with, why are you watching this if you haven't watched Bojack Horseman? Watch Bojack Horseman. And I'm like, I don't know, I'd rather just watch people talk about Bojack Horseman. But it seems like, you know, and considering everyone really, what's the word I'm looking for? They will also kind of die on this hill of like Bojack Horseman is one of the best animated series ever. His character is like kind of, it sounds almost like the complete opposite of Ted Lasso of how this person is just this constant cycle of cynicism and pessimism, or this horse I should say. Horseman. Horseman, yeah, that's right, horseman. And how everyone around him is kind of influenced at some point they have an influenced bias to cynicism. And it reminds me a lot of like all these other shows that are always about these assholes who everyone, the catharsis is supposed to be when they change. And I guess my thought to that is like, but why should I care about these assholes from the get-go who have no, like there is no stake for them for me to care about, I guess. And then here's, as you guys are explaining Ted Lasso, I was like, oh, you know, no, no, this does sound like something I'd be, I'd probably like a lot. So, okay. If you're burnt out by like all those other types of shows, this will be a breath of fresh air. That's a thing too. That's one thing that I thought was so exciting about Ted is like, I think it's continuing this trend that maybe like started around Parks and Rec and the good place outside of like, we can have optimism in comedy. It doesn't have to be like, yeah, you don't have to point out like, oh man, life's a dragon. So everyone knows that. You're aware, trust me. You're aware. You're aware. I don't need the media I consume to bum me out too. Yes, yeah, that's true. No, but it's, and I think that's the important thing too, Josh is like, it's funny. It's so funny. Like I laugh out loud watching that show. I think a lot of people think like, some humor has to, if it's cynical, it punches down and it's kind of mean spirited. I know, this one definitely doesn't. And it's not like that at all. It's the genuine interactions between these really like three dimensional characters that they've created. And it's about the relationships that these characters are building. And I think Jordan said it really well. What's so successful about the show is like, I feel like you as a viewer come into it very incredulous. You're like, how am I gonna root for this guy? Like this guy's a total dweeb. It's like, why is this even a show? Yeah, why is he so positive? Like he's, this is annoying. But just like all of the characters in the show, like you get one over by him. And it's a mirror to the way that everything is going on in the show.  I'm so weird. It's like, oh no. I like him. Oh no, I care. Oh no, he's adorable. Oh no, they all care about each other so much. Like it's really, really nice. And I think it's very much a very positive way to look at how you can deal with conflict, even down to like the funny things of like, when they were talking about relegation, when they were explaining relegation, and the British players are like, wait, so what happens in America when you're relegated? He's like, well, we just play out the rest of our games and that's pretty much it. No, we don't have that. We don't have that. They just go along with the rest of their season in half empty stadiums. It's just nice to see how they address like, and they do address some like heavy topics in it. And it's just really well done. So basically, Ted Lasso, please give us our own podcast to talk about with Lasso, we'll do it forever. That'd be great. Also, I don't know if this is worth mentioning, but Bill Lawrence went to the same college as me, so he also didn't go to film school and made some of the greatest shows. There you go, so jealous. Interesting.  I have met him one time and he was amazing. Wow. Even better news, it's been renewed for season two already. Which is, I'm so excited. I was terrified if nothing would come of it because I don't know how many people are watching it, but it's had such good critical response, that was my hope. Yeah, I mean, the reason- I did deserve it, it had been renewed. I saw you like, praddling on about it on Twitter and I was like, okay, cool, that's nice. Praddling on! Sorry, I'm laning. I am the woman who wrote an article about Paddington that was put onto the internet about why it was amazing, so I am not ashamed. But it is getting a lot of discussion on, I listened to Two Soccer Podcasts and both of them have brought it up. Yeah, and how much they love it. And it's like, well, okay. But it's not even about the soccer part of it. The soccer is just the dress setting. It's the platform. It's the hospital for a medical drama. Exactly. Yeah. With the background, yeah. I wonder if soccer fans would not enjoy it as much because they just don't like the backdrop. But that's good to hear, yeah. There's some little nods and jokes here and there for the known soccer fan, but the song they play in the last episode, I don't wanna, you'll never walk alone. I was wondering when they were saying you'll never walk alone. Yeah, that is a song sung by Liverpool, which is my favorite soccer team. So I, like that moment was even more strong, yeah. It's so good. I'll watch Spookies if you watch Sockers, I don't know. I'll trade you, I'll trade you Sockers for Spookies. Oh, that's a good episode title, Sam. Sockers for Spookies. It was great. No sense to anyone but us. But us. Until they watch this. Hey, I wish you would watch Hill House though. It's a Spookier one, but it's the first season, right? Hill House is fantastic, yeah.  She's gonna get nightmares. You will get nightmares, it's okay. It's not a very fair trade. Episode of Hill House and episode of Ted, episode of Hill House and episode of Ted. Well, I'm watching My Hero Academia, which is also like equal parts really uplifting and delightful and then other parts, like I am literally screaming, oh yeah, my apartment. So like it's a good balance I feel like of the two. Hannah feels everything. I feel everything so deeply.  Yeah, behind my closed eyes, I know they're there even though they're not. That situation was very specific to Hill House, by the way. That's because I'm talking about the Spooky that I had nightmares about when I didn't watch. That's why, that's why I'm here I had.  So would you prefer them to just show the scary thing so that your imagination doesn't have to do the work? I think the thing that scares me about Hill House is the fact that like I always, like a lot of media, if I don't watch it, I get it sort of like through osmosis on social media. Oh yeah. And so it's like, I just see like tweets about it or like to your point, so like video essays and they're like, oh, there's like, here's the 15 hidden ghosts in the background. And I'm like, that's my nightmare. That they're just gonna appear and I'm gonna notice them, but it's not gonna be acknowledged. And then I'm just gonna be walking around my apartment going, where are they? You know? I have to, I have to, I feel like Hill House has kind of not ruined horror for me, but it has made me seem, or the metaphor I always use is like, it has made me see the zipper of the monster creature. And that example I use because that was a specific episode in Doug, where Doug was so afraid of watching this horror movie. Yeah, and it turns out like, he taped his eyes open and it turns out he just started laughing because he saw the monster had a zipper. So I feel, yeah, it's one of those things after like seeing Blybanner, I was just like, oh, I understand, yeah, I understand what's scary to me now. And some of the other stuff is not as scary. So my essence tried to get me to watch the conjuring and I was like, not yet. Like maybe next week when I'm strong. I feel like the closer it is to being, well, that's probably the entire thesis of horror, like the closer to being feasible it is, the more terrifying it is. Yeah. Because it's more easily accessible to our imagination.  You know. That's spooky. What's that behind you, Anna? Don't talk about Angela Lansbury like that. I think I just saw Angela move. Great. Angela's not moving. Don't say that. Is that the murder she wrote board game? It sure is the murder she wrote board game. As soon as Laura got it, I was like, I need this. I created an eBay account just to get that board game. That's amazing. I love it so much. She does just loom over my shoulder. Is it like glue? How does it work? Oh yeah, that's right. It is kind of like glue. Sorry, what are you saying? I was just going to say, Hannah, you're my Ted Lasso at this point. Oh. That is the greatest single compliment I've ever received. Hannah, I would go as far as to say you're the Ted Lasso of this entire company. That's egregious. Oh. No, I can't accept it. It's too kind. It's too much. I will be the assistant coach who's trying. Coach Beard? Well, not even Coach Beard. I wish I could be Coach Beard. Coach Beard is cool. Oh my god, why can't I remember his name? The cute guy who's Nate. Coach Nate, yes. Yeah, Coach Nate. I'm Nate. I'm trying my best and I don't succeed very often.   He's so sweet. That's so sad. It is, he was fine. They were looking for him. They got him. That's so sad. It works out for him, yeah. It works out in the end, trust me. He's adorable. Nate is like honestly also the heart and soul of that show. I love him so much. I've been convinced. I will give a book report to you guys back in like. Yes. I wouldn't say a week, but within the month because it's the month of Spookies. Yeah, it's Spooky Month, so Spooky Month. So I need a Ted Lasso. Feel free to like live Slack us as you watch too. Oh, that's a great idea. That's a great idea. Please, I would be so happy. That would be amazing. You're gonna be like, why is he so happy all the time?  Man, Ted, he just tries his best. I do have everyone's phone number in here, right? Hannah might not have yours. I'm just gonna start a group text and we'll just rename it like the Ted Lasso podcast. Oh my God, I love it. Make me so happy. Well, I think that's a great place to end on. Hannah's happy. I'm just like, like I said, I literally would pay to just spend time with you guys.  I was like, I'll do any time. Hey, let's get a cameo. And I'm like, Hannah. Yes, I will pay to talk to you guys every week. I love how you offered to do it for free at the beginning of this. Just spend time on our calendars and I'm like, I will pay you for your friendship. Good to know. Well, thank you, thank you so much to Josh and Hannah for this episode of My Hubdotes. It was very good. I love talking about stuff with you guys and it was very fun. And thank you audience for joining in and listening to us. If you guys like us, feel free to do that thumb. And if you have a note, go ahead, feel free to leave a comment about any notes that you have for us because this is the show called I Have Notes. And we'll see you next time.


This is, uh, gonna cover a little bit about Linux kernel exploitation, um, specifically, um, using an uninitialized stack pointer. Um, I thought it was an interesting exploit, but I'll get to that. Um, so this is a 20 minute talk, so I'm going to blast through as much as I can. Um, with a quick intro. Um, I'm case, uh, it's pronounced case, the spelling is Dutch and it's my grandfather's fault, but um, you can see me on Twitter there. Um, I've been coming to Defcon for quite some time, uh, started participating in, um, Capture the Flag in about 2003 and, uh, along with the rest of, uh, Team Last Place, we won CTF in 2006 and 2007, so that was quite a bit of fun, but since, uh, we played CTF so much, I rarely actually went out to go, uh, see any talks or try to give any talks since we were doing CTF the whole time. Um, but I still play in quals cause that's fun. Um, I'm a member of the, uh, Ubuntu security team. I started that in 2006. Um, so my background is in trying to get compiler hardening in better shape for Ubuntu and now I'm, uh, looking a little bit more at kernel hardening. So, uh, a quick overview of Linux kernel exploitation. Um, the, the main, the main goal for any kind of kernel attack is to get, uh, control over execution flow. Um, usually you can just set the user ID of the process you're using to zero in your root and you have full control over the system. Um, but, uh, actually finding targets to do this is, is what's tricky. Um, you need an arbitrary write to start with and then going from there is what, what makes things more fun. Um, so with an arbitrary write once you've got that, um, the way to change program flow is to change function pointers. So you can aim the, the normal operation of the kernel into something that you have written as the attacker. Um, function tables are great for that because they're just lists of functions that if you can find a way to trigger that function, then you have managed to trick the kernel into running your code. Um, one of the first ones that, uh, I, I played with a bit was, uh, security ops since I was familiar with the Linux security module interfaces. Uh, that's basically for SE Linux, App Armor, other LSMs use the security ops function table for high level actions. Um, so I like replacing the ptrace access check because it was up the top. It didn't require too much cleanup after you used it. Um, there's plenty of other things. Um, you could use the IDT. There's a good frack article on that. There's plenty of stuff to read on that. Um, but, uh, my favorite at this point is now using a, a single sock struct. So if you can create a socket, you've got a, uh, you've got the destructor when the socket goes away that gets called. And if you can write, overwrite that function when you close the specific socket, it'll actually run the code that you wanted, uh, wanted it to run. And it's very easy to find that function because it's exported by the kernel for you see. Um, but all that's unimportant if you don't have a flaw. Obviously you need that arbitrary write to begin with. Um, so I started looking at interface boundaries, you know, where things make transitions. Uh, and I was especially interested in, uh, copy from user because that's where you're pulling, you're pulling information from user space and putting it somewhere in the kernel. So anything that goes wrong in that is gonna be an issue, is gonna be a nice thing. So, um, there are a lot of collars, uh, about 4,000. So, um, it was a bit daunting to just start with that. But, uh, so looking, I'm looking for things that were, length isn't checked, source isn't checked, destination isn't checked, all that. Um, we don't really need advanced static analysis. Grep will work most of the time. Um, in fact, there's a version of copy from user that does not perform access checks at all. Uh, there were very, very few collars of that and, uh, one of them was in Intel DRM, another one was in RDS. Um, but, uh, with just standard copy from user, I thought that I should go a little bit beyond standard regular expressions. Um, so I started looking at a tool called, uh, Cookson L, which is traditionally used for semantic patching. You wanna, you wanna patch a behavior that's going on in a source tree. Um, you know, replace the, something about a structure, it was much easier to do that. But I, I was really using it for semantic grep, and I'll give you a quick example. Um, uh, the first thing I would do is basically, you define a position, so the copy from user is at position P, is the first top of, the top of that. And then, a whole extensive list of, of white lists, of things that are verifiably correct. Um, so an example, white list pattern here is copy from user into the address of a, of a, of a structure that we've actually done a size of on. So that's not overflowed, we know it's the right size. So you can create a huge list of white, of good patterns that make sense, and you don't need to pay attention to. And then the final, uh, chunk of the semantic grep is just to, if you have a copy from user and it is not at the same position as any of the white lists, then you have something that actually needs analysis.  Um, so I tried to focus on areas that didn't have a lot of usage or users. Um, there's, there have been plenty of vulnerabilities in rare network protocols. Um, or interfaces with not a lot of consumers. Um, especially compact. Um, so when you're dealing with running 32 bit on a 64 bit or you'd have different API versions like the, the Linux for video stuff, there's a lot of issues. In fact, the issues are so bad that you have severe problems come back. Um, the, the CVE that I mentioned, CVE, uh, 2007, 45, 73 and 2010, 33, 01, it's the same issue. They just reintroduced it three years later. Um, so what I found was actually a compact interface that had no users because the code could not possibly have ever worked the first time. Um, so I apologize for dense code. Hopefully you can read some of this. But, um, this was in the V4L compact issues. And, uh, the, the first top bold piece was a copy from user that immediately jumped out on a semantic patch, uh, because KP data, which is the target and UP data size have no relationship at all. That's obvious. And as I went back through it, I realized that KP, this, this pointer in KP was not validated anywhere. In fact, it wasn't even filled in anywhere. It came from a local stack, uh, area of memory. And they're just, there was no way to control KP data.  Um, but I got the thinking, you know, it's uninitialized, which really is, means that it was initialized, but you just didn't know from what. So if you can control the execution environment leading up to that, then it is initialized because you put something there ahead of time. Um, so, uh, and the question is, uh, one of the questions is why, you know, why does this even show up? Why didn't anyone notice it? And the problem is that we passed everything by, by pointer values. So the compiler just ignored it, figured we knew what we were doing when we built it. So, uh, to control this variable, you find something else that builds the stack in a similar fashion. Um, lucky for me, this was in an IO control, which means that you just pick a different option for your IO control and you'll actually have exactly the same stack layout. And in this case, they had a union of options. It was like it was made to be, uh, overlapped. So there's this other function, get video tuner 32, um, that would copy everything from user space into this union on the stack and do some other stuff in return. And that would actually leave us with the stack in, in the state that we had left it. Um, so I, you had to take a look at the two different structures that are there. Um, our, our target here is the video code 32. We want data. We want to be able to control data. So we have to figure out where it is in relation to the other structure in the union. Um, and it was relatively straightforward because, uh, in video tuner, there was this large name string. Um, so looking at it more graphically, there's all the crap before the IO control on the stack. And then after we've returned from, uh, from the, the tuner IO control, what's left on the stack is whatever we had put in, in that structure. And then we can go and call the microcode function and whatever was there will end up in, inside the, the data field. Um, and there are no special tricks for data size and for the length and source that we're doing. Um, the only thing we need to do is calculate, and that's the C for just quickly calculating where we are offset inside the other, uh, the other structure. Um, now the one problem that you run into is that you have to, you have to call these IO controls in order because if you do anything else between the two IO controls, you've just used the stack for something else. So you can't use any, any syscall wrappers like libcsyscall. You can't actually use that because it's going to go off and do other things with your stack. Um, you have to actually call it directly in assembly.  So, um, you have to be very careful about that. Additionally, the kernel may go off and do other work, uh, between the two, uh, on behalf of your process if it's a new code path.  Um, and another small challenge is these are all compact syscalls. So they're in 32-bit, but we're actually trying to attack a 64-bit host. So we have to call a 32-bit syscall from a 64-bit executable, um, which is just some more assembly, um, which I have here. Basically the, the int 80 will force a 32-bit syscall. So this is a, a quick C wrapper to shove the arguments I need into a 32-bit syscall, um, and return. And then the action is to beat on it with the one that will prime the stack. Um, so call it a bunch of times first, the, the tuner IO control, and then go after it with the buggy code since we know what's in memory now and we can actually reliably write stuff. But that just gets us an overwrite. How do we actually control it? Um, I used the, the sock struct exploit, um, from Dan Rosenberg's code recently, um, and you basically open up a socket and it shows up in prognet tcp. In bold is the, uh, first is the port that I'm listening on in hex and the, the other bold value is the actual kernel location of the socket that you need to target. So you just ask the kernel nicely for what, um, for what, uh, you want to overflow or overwrite rather. Um, in modern versions of the kernel, uh, K point of restrict now blocks prognet tcp, but you can still get the same information out of a, out of a net link thing that is still open. Um, so you just have to modify your code a little bit. So then we're gonna create a payload that we want the kernel to run. Uh, this is based on Brad Spengler's enlightenment, uh, code where you basically just create new credentials as root and commit them to the local process. So you're just setting your UID to zero. This is the, this is the entire function that the kernel needs to run to, to give you root as that process.  The kernel cleans up for you. Um, and, uh, I can show you a small demo of this running. If I can see that, hopefully everyone can see that. It's not gonna let me. How about that? Okay. So, uh, a lot of demos sort of, um, aren't very interesting because they effectively just, uh, show you a prompt. Like that's not very useful. That doesn't prove much and it's not very exciting. It's not very dramatic. Um, so I decided I ought to have this demo with a useless Hollywood drama mode. Um, so you can, it can be exciting and we can be on the edge of our seats waiting for something to happen. So this is resolving the credentials or the, the cred, the cred calls. And we have to find where we are in memory, open the socket and figure out where it is in memory, open the video device. It's very exciting. Do the IO control. Did it work? It did. It did work. And if you don't wanna wait for it, just run it without the dash dash Hollywood option. We'll just run straight through. Um, and that's basically it. I can go all the way through all my slides again and get to the end that says questions. And that's it.


Hi guys, this is Jason Zak from Nathaniel School of Music. In this lesson, I am going to introduce you to 5 comping techniques or accompaniment styles if you will, which can accompany a variety of music. I have 5 broad techniques which I am going to share with you, so do stay tuned till the very end. We are going to start with some very simple but popular ones, we are going to try and explore this particular strategy on different time signatures, in different eras of music, different genres of music, different fields or time grooves if you will and at the end of the lecture, we are going to focus on a very catchy Indian groove as well, which I think some of you watching this video might really enjoy or everyone watching this video I hope you will enjoy and to supplement or to support all of these particular variations, I have for you notation which is available as a downloadable PDF along with MIDI files on our Patreon, so you could slow this down, import it into your favourite MIDI software and we also have my handwritten notes which I have strategically written in a way to kind of position all the hit points very well for you to easily see, match the beats and play along with me. Okay, so you may want to pause the video and get yourself a copy of the notation and the notes and the MIDI files if you wish and yep, before we get cracking, we have a subscribe button as most YouTube channels do, so it will be great if you could hit that subscribe and hit the bell so you get a ring whenever we go live, release a new premiere or a new riff which we do pretty much every day on our channel, right guys? Let's get cracking. So I have chosen a rather interesting chord progression which I think you will enjoy, so the chords used are D minor, F major, C major and the last chord would either be G minor or G major if you want a more braver vibe, so D minor, F, C, G major or G minor. I figure this progression will be nice because most of the chord progression exercises used by teachers, me, myself included are boring things like the 1564 or the 6415, so I think this vibe will work and if you do it with D minor, F major, C major, G major, it's actually all the white keys on the piano and you could argue that this forms the Dorian scale because the Dorian scale of D will have a flat third, F, not F sharp, F, a natural or a normal sixth, major sixth, a flat seven not C sharp but C because it comes down so the chord progression could be thought of as 1 minor, 3 flat major, C major which is the 7 flat, G major which is the 4 major, so D minor, F major, C major, G major, a very popular chord progression. Just making stuff up or maybe I've done a few popular songs, whatever but I hope you figure that it's quite popular, especially in rock songs. Now that last chord, G major could be converted to G minor and that would make it into a D natural minor chord progression that could be read out as 1 minor, 3 flat major, 7 flat major, G minor which is the 4 minor which are all part of the D natural minor. D natural minor will contain the same chords as its relative major. The relative major of the D natural minor would end up being F major. You can move up a sixth from F, you'll get yourself D. So all the chords which F major had, D minor will now have or maybe you don't even need to know that, you just know the chords of D natural minor. So let me now show you how I'm playing the chords so we don't change that throughout the lesson and I just get down to rhythmic business. So I'm playing D minor with whichever inversion, I guess this inversion works, it's A, D, F, I like this around middle C is where I normally play my chord so A D F, A C F, G C E, G B flat D or G B D remember Dorian or natural minor depending on what you choose A D F, A C F just played along with me four times each G C E, G B flat D or G B D one more time A D F play the roots of the chords F major A C F the right hand C major C in the left G C E in the right G minor G in the base G B flat D in the right or if you're playing G major it'll be G B D so chords try to kind of muscle them to a point that you're not really even looking at the right hand when you play them four times each for now just minimal finger movement right see the notes if you have any doubts so I'm playing it like this but you could feel free to even play it if you like a higher vibe upper or inversion if you like the sound of that also you could gravitate to this because each inversion highlights something different at the top and so it gives you a different vibe or different melodic context or a different flavor the mood kind of stays the same because it's still the same chord quality so that's about the theory behind all this stuff so those are my chords I'm playing the roots in the left and before we get started with the patterns it'll be nice for you to be able to understand what are the fifths of each of my chords so D minor the root is D its fifth is A and to get the fifth of a major as well as a minor chord you just need the circle of fifths and just see the next door neighbor clockwise and you'll see that D's fifth is in fact A that's the fifth so we're going to use that in kind of a toggle so maybe a pinky could play D and you could toggle that D and it's A then you do F major don't get confused don't see A is here so I should play A no I should be playing F here unless otherwise mention play the chord roots in the left so that's its fifth F to the fifth C C root its fifth is G G minors the last chord and its fifth is either D G major its fifth is also D so get acquainted with the fifths and now let's figure out pattern one which I call as the umpa style which most of us call as the umpa style and here's how it sounds sticking with the G minor for now you see what's happening if you just break down the mechanics of the two hands it's almost as though they are marching together almost like a march pass you know left right left right with the hands not with the feet so left right start with the left what is the left going to play first the root then the right hand will be playing the chord then the left hand goes to the fifth of the respective chord A which you've kind of plotted out already I hope and then the same old chord so D chord A chord root chord fifth chord root chord fifth chord and we say this as umpa umpa umpa umpa umpa umpa umpa umpa umpa from the articulation point of view play the left hand a bit legato or long and play the right hand a bit more staccato or choppy and where are the hits you might ask look at the left 1 2 3 4 that's how our head is moving so we say 1 2 3 4 while the right hand appears to go inside the beat 1 2 3 so we could argue 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 1 and 2 and and okay speed it up if you don't like an overdose of staccato in the right maybe mix it one staccato one legato or bring in the legato wherever you wish let that not compromise the left hand also you don't have to play the upper fifth all the time you can even play the lower fifth if you like to explore the other remaining note of the chord which is the third feel free and you create a nice bass line movement but if you're new to the instrument or if you're just getting cracking with this accompaniment style I'll be very happy for you if you can just go root fifth and the fifth could be lower now let's do this across the entire chord progression umpa again so I wouldn't play the chords for too long I would play it for about a bar you could start with two bars per chord but one bar would be nice for this progression at least so let's see how that goes D minor in the umpa going to F major going to C major going to G minor for now and D and C G minor and F major G major the end of G minor A D-Muff Major. Try to play along if you wish. A H-C Major. G Minor. Very nice if you want to accompany a singer. Or the singer could be you. Or in a band context. This will go very well with the drums.  Your brain shouldn't be focused too much on the piano. It should be focused on the bigger picture of the song. Like your singer. What is the singer doing. Or you being able to follow the drums or at a concert, you being able to entertain the crowd probably by giving some interesting facial expressions or getting them to clap or do something cool. So you need to focus more on the bigger picture, the song, the gig, the performance, and this needs to run at the back end, fine? So that's the umpa and before we move on to pattern two, you can spice up the umpa with a few passing elements like this, for instance, just before you want to go to the next chord, you can, you can find a connecting note. Now I want to go from D to F, so I'll connect and go via the E. So D, D, E, F, the next chord is C, so I can do F, A, B, flat, C, or E, D, C. So I can either go down to the C, which is my next chord root, or up to the C, diatonically, which is still my chord root. I'm just deciding to play it up C or the lower C. So D, D, E, F, E, D, C, or A, B, flat, C, then B, flat, A, G, F, E, D, F, E, D, or B, flat, C, D, assuming it's natural minor in this context, A, B, flat, C, E, F, G, G, F, E, D. You may be figuring out by now that if you try the base movement, your right hand sort of stops sometimes when you do the base movement going up. I don't encourage that. You need to practice with your right hand consistently there. Otherwise the entire song kind of loses its momentum. Pum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum. Right, so that's the final embellishment you could do with umpa by climbing up or climbing down. And the umpa in my next pattern, which is very similar to umpa, will just convert itself into a waltz or a three by four. So for a three by four to happen, all you're doing is you're adding one more hit in the right hand. So it'll be something like one, two, three, one, two, three, one, two, three, one, two, three. One, two, three. Okay. Stuff like them. The song's like that. Sounds a bit evil-ish because of the minor stuff I'm playing, but you can be very lazy waltz, you know. It's also dependent. The mood you're feeling is based on the chords. And I generally tend to like these, you know, rock music chords or the mood you're playing. And I generally tend to like these, you know, rock music chords or the more rarer chord progressions. So for what do we do for waltz? We just add one extra hit in the right. And a nice way to count out waltz would be to say umpa, pa, umpa, pa, umpa, pa, umpa. And if you see my articulation, I'm doing umpa, pa. What does that mean? Umpa. The first pa can be played staccato, pa, lagato. So umpa, pa, umpa, pa, umpa. All the other concepts hold root and fifth toggle, and it becomes a three by four, as you'll see in the notation. Pa, pa, umpa, pa, f major, umpa, c major. G minor, and D minor, f major, C major, g minor, pum, pum, pum, pa. You can do the passing notes as well. You get an extra beat to do the passing notes, like G, G, F, E, D. So in a sense, the left hand is behaving more like the creative hand, and the right hand is just supporting with the hit points at the two and the three of this three by four meter. So start with the root, upper fifth or root, lower fifth. That's always the case in this lecture. You can go up to the fifth, you can go down to the fifth, and that fifth movement is primarily to emulate what a bassist would do in an ensemble. Playing the root and the fifth is kind of a very, very important thing to do as a bass player, because you can't stay stagnated on the root. It's going to then kind of pull the song back or hold the song back from grooving. Waltz and the articulation, the right. Staccato, legato. Staccato, so to get a nice staccato, you can kind of jump your wrist and then trampoline it down, almost like you're on a trampoline. There we go.  You'll get this articulation. There we go, that's your Waltz. So we've covered umpa, which is used for a variety of music, old school country, rock and roll, pop songs, children's songs, folk songs. You can do a lot with umpa and even Waltz. Another thing which is more specific to, I guess funky music or more particularly reggae music, could be this pattern. I'll just play it for you and then break it down. Very similar to the umpa. Now umpa was this. The reggae pattern which I'm proposing is umpa. So I'm now having an extra division where it's one e and a two e and a, but I'm swinging that because generally that's what happens in this groovy reggae music. Doom pa cha ka, doom pa cha ka, doom pa cha ka, doom. That's one e and a two e and a three e and a four e and a one. That's the general flavor. Everything's gonna be all right. That's swinging.  So you get that vibe into the piano for anything which is swinging. Where are my hit points? One e and a two e and a, the e will be my ghost note played by the fifth. You can even play it a bit quietly or staccato, just flick it. You can even say along with me, oom pa, oom pa, oom pa, oom pa, oom pa, oom pa, oom pa, stuff like that. And what I like with reggae is you can use another passing note at the end of the bar, which is the G or the third note of the chord, in this case F, which is a minor chord. That adds a nice quality, a nice ghost note quality. So let's do the whole chord progression with the reggae feel, with a swing. And we're dividing by four, so 16th note notation. Slow it down F major. Without any passing notes, very simple. Play along, follow and count with me one e and a two e and a one e. Speed it slightly. This sounds so sad, like everything's gonna be all right. Same pattern, everything's gonna be all right now. Stuff like this.  I have no clue of the lyrics, but you get the idea. Now, you can also find so many songs like Buffalo Soulja. Bum, bum, bum, bum, bum, bum, bum. Okay, I'm running out of songs in my head, but I think if I spend another few minutes, I'll come up with at least five more. Maybe you have a few more in your head, leave them in the comments. So you go, the right hand always plays and, while the left hand has those ghost notes. One e and a two e and a three e and a, and an a at the end of the fourth. So that's your reggae pattern, guys. So now the fourth pattern I have for you is something more modern for all of you newer gen people, or for those of you folks out there who like the newer modern day popular stuff which is running the internet wild. So this is how it sounds, and then I'll teach you very slowly. It'll be something like. So I call this as the thresio pattern because the groove is one e and a, and one e and a, and one e and a. The hit points are one e and a, and a three e and a one e and a three e and a one e and a, and one e and a, and one e and a three e and a, that's the thresio. Right? Na na na na na na na na na na na na na. Na na na na na na na na. Almost every modern day hit is generally on this kind of vibe. Na na na na na na na na na na. So two patterns for you. One is could be just the normal thresio, which is left, right, right, left, right, right. And the second time you hit the left, it'll be the fifth of the chord. The first time you hit the left will be the root. One e and a two e and a, you could also speed up this process. One e and a two e and a three. Earlier, this is doing one and the three. You could also pulse it by doing the one and the two of the bar. So first off, we learnt one e and a two e and a. This is, right hand is always at the one e and a, and a, and one e and a two e and a three e and a four e and a. While the left hand is now variation one was one e and a two e and a three e and a four e and a. At the one and the three root and the fifth toggle, one and the three again, one e and a two e and a three e and a four e and a one e and a. Now you could do it quicker with the more pulse or the more salsa or caribbean style which will be which is 1, 2, 3, 4, pulse in the left hand and if you'd like the third of the chord bring that in as well ok let's do this style with the existing chord progression because I want you to do it with something specific that's why this is not about playing a song it's about playing many songs if you get this specific chord progression down with all the five rhythm patterns so again I'll stop the random singing right now because I know how far this can go so let's stick with the chord progression and that's the thresio or the salsa or the modern pop one a small variation to that could be you play the clave which could be just makes it a bit longer so what are my hit points what we call as the song clave the song clave is a very important Afro Cuban or salsa rhythm pattern which you've got to learn a lot of this material is in a structured manner for you on our website you can head over to nathanielschool.com and consider some of the video courses waiting there where if you want to learn these patterns you know from ground zero absolute zero which covers you know the basics of piano what are the notes how do you form the chords and all the relevant theory step by step you can go there or do one of our regular courses with me as your teacher so after the lesson is over of course now we have one more pattern waiting for you this is for all of you Indian music fans and the secret to this Indian music pattern would be triplets and don't overplay the triplets so the way I'll play it for you and then I'll teach it to you slowly so something like a lot of variations but I'll stick with this for now which is how do we divide triplets in our head it'll be one and a two and a three and a four and a one and a two and a three and a so one and a two and a three and a four and so one and a two and a is how we count triplets you would even do it using there we go what are my right hand it points in this particular phrase one and three and similar to the thresio earlier but I'm in a triplet world there are only three divisions in the beat one and again the left hand could do its usual only on the one and the three toggle which are minims essentially one and one and three you can pretty much convert any song and make it Indian like this you know or very like Eastern if you think about a lot of the Eastern rhythms stuff you get you know in the Middle East and India and Pakistan and a lot of these grooves are very triplet oriented so pretty much convert anything into triplets and maybe even like probably destroy that song unfortunately for some of you who like these songs sorry about that another thing you could do a triplet is make it more groovy as I told you for the salsa play it every beat and toggle between the root and the fifth you could do triplet variations you don't have to do one and a two and three and a four and all the time maybe you could consider just the ends still very much a triplet groove maybe one on the on as long as you have a triplet grid and you whack notes or other chords on those hit points and maintain a nice pulse in the left hand you're gonna have a nice arrangement going on for you right guys so those are the five patterns for you we have umpa we have waltz over the entire chord progression which I did then we have the swung pattern or the reggae pattern then we have the salsa the thresio or the modern pop one all its variations which you could swing back and watch and then we have finally the Indian triplet variation hope you guys like the lesson hope you find it useful and hope it can be part of your regular practice routine over a couple of weeks or so try out how much ever you can again I've covered variations because I don't know the levels of audience I'm catering to I would love to cater to a wider level on the on our channel which is why what you experienced are things for an absolute beginner just someone just starting off with the knowledge of chords I've also kind of jumped it up to the a few more levels by adding walking notes ghost notes and all of these other things so try to follow the lesson again if you need to and make it a point to get yourselves my hand written notation as well as the staff notation which we are waiting for you as a downloadable PDF on our patreon page that will help support our channel and that will also hopefully help you learn this lesson in a very clear cut specific assertive way right guys thanks a ton for watching the video again this is Jason Zach from Nathaniel school of music and I will catch you soon cheers


It's a very exciting time in the world of basketball video games, 2K22 can't be nearly as bad as 2K21. And although we knew EA was working on a secret basketball project, they're finally getting ready to talk about it, and there's been some new rumors and information leaked from EA themselves. So there's a lot to talk about on how this game cannot become an absolute failure like NBA Live has been for the past decade. Y'all new to the channel, be sure to subscribe, you don't have to, but I'll notify you next time I drop a video. It's a big red button, it's satisfying to click and it doesn't cost you anything. EA's got Juicy off the Ripper because IGN dropped this Juicy headline, NBA Live might be dormant, but EA is reportedly working on basketball games for next generation consoles. While we did already have some kind of idea that financially didn't make sense for them to abandon this market, especially considering ever since NBA Live 10 they've just been trying and trying and trying, obviously they see this upside, EA's general manager says in the article, we've got some next generation HD basketball projects. Man that's how we used to describe games in like 2005 when HD was new. Now we've been talking about and designing and working on, so they basically mean to say that they have something planned for next generation consoles. Now don't get too excited because NBA Live did take a 2-3 year break before they came out with NBA Live 14 on the PS4 and Xbox One. After taking a few years off, they came out with a new nice bougie Ignite engine that they developed themselves. Everybody was really excited for what EA was going to do with their sports titles. They also did make it clear that they have high and lofty aspirations in the sports gaming world in the article they followed up saying this. EA is exploring new business models and new geographies as it tries to double its sports audience from 230 million players to more than 500 million over the next five years. Lofty aspirations to double your player base? Just to have a player base growing is a challenge, let alone to just double it. And in pursuit of doing that, they've been eating up dev teams left and right, poaching developers. We know this to be the case, I've reported on stuff like this in the past. Here's a good example in this article they gave up. I didn't know this until I read this and it makes me a little sad.  But EA did eat up Codemasters and they announced Grid Legends, so if you care about the Grid series, I wouldn't hold your breath. And of course, there's no secret that in 2020, lead gameplay developer here, Scott O'Gallacher, left the NBA 2K series that he's been a part of for a very long time to join EA. EA has also made it clear that they have a college football game that's about to drop. So they're taking this sports gaming thing very seriously. So what's going on in the basketball space? There's actually plenty of examples in the gaming industry, but let's refer to one specific to the sports genre. Now, for those of you who've been playing soccer games for a while, or should I say football, yeah? For those of you who've been playing some football games over the... Let me chill out, guys. Let me calm down, guys. I want to offend the whole population of Europe.  Hey, you're trying to go to any event. It could be a concert, it could be a comedy event, and it could be your favorite sports team playing your favorite sports game. C-Geek is the answer, fellas. The world is opening back up, and I finally got a chance to go to a basketball game in two years. My first basketball game in two years. Oh, my God, it was very refreshing, and I used C-Geek to purchase my tickets. It's convenient because C-Geek takes tickets from all over the world and puts them in one place so it can make buying simple. And on top of that, C-Geek rates every ticket from zero to 10. It lets you know if you're getting a good price or a bad price, green meaning good and red meaning bad. So I have a deal for you. Go to that top link in the description, click it, download the C-Geek app, and when you check out Use Code Agent for $20 off your first order, it's a huge thank you to C-Geek for helping sponsor this video and providing y'all with a beautiful code, man.  All right, let's get back to the video. This has been an ongoing rivalry for decades now between two titles, FIFA and PEZ. Now, growing up, I played both.  Sometimes my dad came home with PEZ on the PSP, and I just had to play it.  But you really like how NBA 2K came out with my career in 2K10 and then dominated EA and NBA Live. FIFA came out with Ultimate Team and FIFA 09 and dominated PEZ and Konami. So it was the introduction of a new mode that was so popular and fun and new for people that just routed the competition. There's actually one very key difference though. In the NBA space, the NBA is pretty progressive when it comes to their licenses. They don't like giving out exclusive licenses. NBA playgrounds can have a license and NBA 2K can have a license and NBA Live Mobile can have a license. The NBA just wants to give as much as possible. They license it out. They don't do exclusive licenses for the most part. Not every sport is like that. We obviously know that EA with the NFL has an exclusive license to simulation gameplay. So if you wanna compete in the football market and have an NFL license and use NFL players and team names, unfortunately, that means that you can't have a simulation game. It has to be an arcade game like NFL Street was. So while FIFA had the licenses to all the big teams and names and the juggernauts in the world of soccer, Pes didn't and it struggled. While it did have some licenses, it didn't have nearly enough and it looked like the Walmart version of a more successful, bigger, more funer brother. That being said, when you look online, people do joke about how bad of a game Pes is, but the people who do play Pes actually talk about how the game play shines. FIFA 09 sold a couple million more copies than Pes 2009 according to BG charts, but the gap kept getting wider. In 2009, it was 5 million, 2010 was 8 million and 2011 was almost 10 million. By 2018, FIFA was selling over 12 million units while Pes was stumbling through with less than a million. Sounds familiar. But the reason I bring up this example is because Pes is actually doing something very creative and unique to win back fans. They've actually been targeting and getting licensed to popular individual teams. The new trend began in 2019 when Pes announced it had acquired the exclusive license to Juventes, one of Italy's and the world's most successful clubs. And I know about them because my little brother won't stop wearing those Ronaldo jerseys around the house. Within the world of football gaming, it was a seismic move. Juventes's Cristiano Ronaldo had been FIFA 19's cover star. By the time FIFA 20 came along, it couldn't use the name of the club. Nevermind put one of its players in their kit on the box. Anyway, all of that to say, I found this case study interesting because Pes realized something that they probably should have realized a decade ago. FIFA is a juggernaut in the space. They have a ton of funding in all these different game modes and a team much larger than your team. Why try and beat them at their own game? On top of Pes fighting for exclusive licenses to some of Italy's biggest teams, they've actually also made the game free to play. They even dropped this here, beautiful roadmap detailing the progress that they'd be making to the game free to play. All these teams that they now have the licenses to, although is nothing compared to what FIFA has, is something. How they're gonna go from cross-generation matches, PS4, PS5 to cross-platform matches with PlayStation, Steam, and Xbox to eventually by the end of the year, including mobile, so almost along the lines of what Fortnite's doing, no matter what platform you're playing on, you can cross-play with your friends on another platform. I made a video about cross-play in the past and the technology exists now. It costs developers money to implement it, which is why some have been hesitant. But when you're as desperate as Konami is with Pes, you pull out all the tricks. Dropping a game free to play means that even people with no interest will actually try it. A game that's kind of been shunned and made fun of for over a decade will be greeted because when a game is free, the expectations are much lower going into it. You might not be so angry when there's a bug. You know the game is free to play and you know it's in beta. EA, Pes right now is giving you a beautiful roadmap on how to dominate a dominant opponent. You have to do things outside the box. You have to give yourself a chance to shine and you actually have to back it up. And so over the course of the year, we're gonna see if they actually follow through on this roadmap. Lord knows we've seen plenty of roadmaps from developers that were not followed through. But there's actually a basketball market that y'all could win in. So EA, I believe you should be taking a lesson from what Konami is doing here with Pes. Instead of trying to fight the juggernaut of 2K at their own game, you're not gonna win it. You're not beating 2K in a simulation basketball experience at least in the next five to six years. And if history is any indication, you need to come out with a new exciting mode that people can get behind, that people can get excited about, that you can double triple down on over the years.  So on top of trying to get the gameplay like how 2K has the gameplay, on top of trying to get the graphics and the my team and then the park game mode, instead of playing catching what 2K has, just do something unique that 2K doesn't have that 2K players can gravitate towards. Drop your game free to play. Are you out of your, yo bro, every 2K player will play your game if it's free to play. I'm telling you, rebrand. Rappers do it all the time, guys. Every five to six years, bro, rappers call themselves a different name, bro. Jay-Z has been called 17. If Pete Diddy has a new name every three years, guys, but there's a reason why they do that. They wanna keep things fresh and new and interesting. All I have to say that there's plenty of competition in the sports gaming world. And unlike other genres in gaming where developers are more incentivized to take risks and do new things, in the sports world, developers just do the same things over and over and over again. So when something new like My Career in 2K10 or Ultimate Team in FIFA 09 pops up and you do it well, people get hooked. They love the experience. It's a new mode for them to dive into. The reality is is maybe NBA Live can come out with the Ultimate Team as good as 2K's My Team, maybe. They're probably never gonna come out with a mode as big or as fun as the city or the park is in 2K. When you match up 2K and NBA Live one-on-one, the only things that NBA Live wins on is the user interface and the soundtrack. So go in another direction. That means going arcade with NBA Street, do that. Drop the game free to play, promise expansions and packs. You'll find ways to monetize it through microtransactions. You're EA, you always do.  Do not let 2K beat you to crossplay. If you do those things, I guarantee you, you will finally have a player base. I know it's been a long time since EA has had a player base on a basketball game, but it will happen. Let me know how y'all feel about the news in the comments down below. And if y'all enjoy it, drop a like. Subscribe to the channel. Well, you don't have to, but you can. I clicked the big red button. You'll be notified the next time I drop a video. And I'll catch you guys in the next one. I'm out. Peace.