Good afternoon. Today we're going to talk about visualizing categorical data. Remember categorical data are data that you can put into categories, the IO, quantitative variable data. Okay? How do we visualize them? We can visualize categorical data by using a summary table. And what a summary table is. It's just another visualization that puts your categories. Let's say we have soft drinks purchases. Your Coke, Sprite, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper, and Diet are your categories of soft drinks by grouping them and calculating how many they are because you can use the count or we can calculate the percentage. That is summary table. Or we can use a bar chart. And a bar chart also represents the categories in bars. So you put your bars as your categories and the height of the bars, how tall they are, will represent the count or the frequencies. Or we can represent it by using a pie chart. Pie chart, the slices of the pie will represent your categories. So you will have your individual categories. And the size, how big the slice is will represent your count or your frequency. In your module, you are expected to know this properties. We need to know what makes up a summary table, what makes up a bar chart and what makes a pie chart. And we also need to know what are the three types of visualization in order for you to be able to answer the questions in the exam. Let's look at an example of our banking example. Because today, we use banking as our example. So let's say, for example, I work at the bank and I know that we always have problems. We have long queues and all that. So I need to understand that. If I need to move people around from one branch to the other in order to compensate for the workload of other branches that are overwhelmed with work. For me to understand that, I need to understand to know how many consultants or tellers do we have at each branch. So let's say I work in HR of the banking and I'm the manager there. I want to know that. So my analyst will go and create a summary table. We'll go and create the summary table. And there are statistical tools or Excel or anything that they can create this.  And they will give me my number of consultants. This is my consultant branch. Consultants per branch. And I know that in branch A, there are only four consultants who work there. In branch B, there are 10 consultants who work there. In branch C, there are only two consultants who work there. And in branch D, there are only five consultants who work there. So in summary, I'm able to see how many consultants I have in each branch. But sometimes a summary table is not as visual and clear without you analyzing individually each number to see. So you can use a bar chart. So let's say you create the same information, but we want to use a bar chart. So let's create the bar chart. And I create the bar chart of the same information. And I know this site will be my number of consultants as the number. And I'm going to create for branch A, there are four consultants there. For branch B, there are 10. It's a 10 answer. So this is for A. This is for B. For branch C, there are only two consultants. And for branch D, there are five consultants. There are five consultants. And this will be branch D. And graphically, I'm able to see what is happening here because I can see that there were four there. There were five there. There are two there and there are 10 there. And I can see clearly now that branch B has more than followed by branch D than followed by branch A. And I can make the decision to move people from branch B. Let's say maybe in branch C, they built shopping complexes around it. So now it means that mall is going to be, or that branch is going to be very busy. So with only two consultants and in branch B, some factories around it has closed. So it means they are no longer going to be servicing a lot of people so they can move 10 people from there to branch C to accommodate for the new increase. And you can also do the same to create a pie chart. Remember a pie chart where the slices of a pie will represent. So let's say this is 10 and this is four and this is five and this is two. And we know which one they represent. So two is branch C and five is branch D and four is branch A and B with 10. And also with the pie chart you are able to see the distribution of your consultants because then you can see the bigger the slide, the bigger the number of consultants you have. So far we have created a summary table by using the categories and getting the value. We've created a bar chart which shows the bars representing the categories which are our branches and the height which represents the number of consultants. We have created what we call a pie chart where the slices of a pie chart represent the branches themselves and the size of the pie will represent the number of consultants. Thank you for listening. Enjoy.


Hi everybody, welcome back to Las Vegas. This is Dave Vellante, and you're watching the Cube. Lisa Martin and Rebecca Knight are also in the house, but right now we have Daniel Dinez, the founder of UiPath Cube alum. Great to see you again. Thanks so much for coming back in the Cube.  Yeah, right after the keynote this morning. I liked your style. It was very interesting the way you stood up. You started telling stories. Went back to the beginning. You stressed humility. Why is that important to you, to convey to large audience, three, four thousand people here, that being humble is fundamental to UiPath? Why is that important to convey? Well, I'm not saying we are humble, but what I am saying is that I realize that you need to think in terms of humility in your decision-making process, in approaching people, in listening to people. And it's more like a framework to me. Humility gives you a direction. And why it's important? Because I think like most people, I was not born with humility at all. In my 30s, actually I was pretty arrogant and unhappy.  And customers in the end said, okay, let's work with the other guys that are not. They are more flexible, open, and they listen to us. So this is how I realize this is a big tenet of our culture. And actually it's an interesting story. I and the other co-founders, we were talking quite a lot. How can we define our culture? And we went through different propositions. Like we like to be open, we like to have joy working together, and we are kind, we have kinder. But in the end, I had this epiphany. I have to define it by one single word. I need to simplify. And then it came humility to me. But it's more in opposition to be arrogant. It's the capacity of listening to other capacity of changing your mind, be flexible, move fast, understand what's in front of you, make decision fast, change decision fast. So it gave us really a very good framework. And it allows you to attract people like minded. And being bold is part of that framework. Yes. So it's not humility and timidity. It's humility, but make decisions fast, be bold, take risks. Yeah, I think actually they go very well hand in hand. And there's many people associate humility with being submissive. But on the contrary, humility, it's a treat that gives you clarity and gives you a lot more information that you can use in a bold way. So I think that's actually the best combo. So I hear another story in your keynote, which I never knew and it blew me away. And I tweeted this out. It's a story of your start.  Now, I know from experience, it usually takes five or six, sometimes more, face to face meetings in Japan before they even begin to trust you and give you an opportunity. But you decided to reroute to Japan. And actually the bottom line of the story is you ended up closing a deal with the financial institution SMBC, which is Sumitomo Bank, I guess. In Japan, and that experience led you to win in the financial services market in New York. I've never heard a story like that for a non-Japanese company that's unprecedented. Yeah, that's true and unprecedented in a way. It's not like we planned it, it was just good timing. Yeah, but still. We were like kids, so we were joking. We are like Gingis Khan hordes, like the Golden Horde. We spread around the world and it was a big interest from customers around the RPA. So many people were interested in talking to us and we went after the people that we had chemistry with. So we were lucky to get SMBC and it's not only the institution per se, but it's the people inside. And also, Hasegawa-san, that I met just a few months before expanding into Japan was instrumental for our presence there. And he's a very non-typical Japanese in the way he approaches things. He's very open, he's candid. He also, he was CIO of major banks.  He's very international. And we clicked very well and then he made the connections. So first of all, the SMBC trusted him. He trusted me and Yawoto-san after we met a few times started to trust us as a company. And really in the beginning, we never asked them for money. So I think in the first six months or so, they just use the, you know, kind of all our services, all our software, it was basically free. So it was an intense focus, but it paid off very handsomely in just one year after that. An interesting lesson you give without the expectation necessarily of anything in return because it feels right and then you learn and take those learnings and then you scale the company. But it sounds like you were just having fun coding with your friends early on. Was it ever your intention to build a big company? No, no, honestly, my intention was to kind of find my freedom. And I was very lucky. Nobody came to me 10 years ago and say, then you'll take like one to million dollars for this company. I would have said yes. Well, I'm glad you didn't. Yeah, I'm glad I didn't. The cube is glad you didn't, too. I'm glad nobody came, yeah. Okay, I want to get into the product a little bit, going from studio to orchestrator to platform. Explain the importance to our audience of having a platform and how that's fundamentally changed your market opportunity. Look, when I realize how big is the problem that we address, I also realize RPA and UI automation, it's one way to skin the cat.  And then you need to understand documents because many processes come with some sort of document. They start with the document, or they are document centering. To put this together, you kind of make a platform. It's not the one product. There are three distinct technologies that you have to make together. So that was the decision that led us to build a platform. And then we added the discovery piece and think about process mining. It's not so obvious why it should be part of the platform. But right now when we work to integrate everything together, process mining is going to be a central technology to see life, all the processes in an enterprise. Those that are automated, but also the manual processes, the system processes. I never thought process mining was a market per se. I always thought it was a capability that would enable business value to be created. But in and of itself, it's important, especially when so many processes are being documented manually. I know I've worked with a lot of financial services companies and they would have big binders of process. A person who was responsible for documenting them, that's crazy and that's changed. But is it actually a market or is it just part of the platform? Well, for some companies it is a market, clearly. But for us, it's definitely part of the platform. I think we very rarely sell process mining in itself as a separate product. I think the combination of mining processes, understanding where there are bottlenecks and automating them and this making this cycle over and over again, it's very powerful. And then so you shared a demo today, which essentially was quite remarkable. It took many of the things that you were just talking about, put them together in a natural language type of interface. And you mentioned semantic automation, something that you talked about several years ago, I think, but now it's coming to life. Explain what that is and I have a number of questions around it. As a, first of all, automations don't really understand what they do. They just do. They just do. So it was kind of an aha moment for us when we say, what if automation can actually understand what they do? They will be much more powerful. In the sense, when they stop working for some reasons, if they understand what they do, actually they can adapt. So they become way more like humans, emulating much better humans if they understand what they do. So this is, we started to work on bringing understanding to automations. And the first process that we put our eye on was this repetitive copy-paste that people have. If you think in BPO industry, it's a lot of, you know, take a document, copy 10, 20 fields, put them into an ex-self spreadsheet, do some changes to the data and then put it into another. So I thought we go to the core of the issue with the clip or that. But it was a great kind of work. Before that, we couldn't look at the screen like an application and ask what's on the screen to really understand. To really understand the concept. It's first name, it's last name, it's address. Now we understand. Someone doesn't have to go on code, copy first name into this field, which represent first name. Right now they just say take this data and we look at the data, we understand what is the data about and copy into this screen and we understand the screen, we understand the meaning of it. So this is why we are capable at first view without even coding anything to match them. And this is actually the foundation technology for our autopilot that we have introduced yesterday in the keynote of Graham. I thought it was hilarious in the analyst meeting yesterday. Somebody asked you about the name and we laughed about it because he said others use co-pilot, autopilot, and your answer was it's marketing. It's automation pilot. Yeah, that's yeah. Or in a car, it felt good to all of us. Yeah, of course it works. But back to the semantic automation. So you've got all this combination of unstructured data and structured data and their disparate data elements. You're making sense of them, making them coherent. Yes. And I guess essentially turning them into structured data, is that correct? And then being able to do it. Yeah, I think that's a great way of putting it. And they have some patterns around it and basically exactly how we felt when you read the screen and you understand, screens are more structured than most documents in a way. So we read the screen, we understand the structure of data and then we go to an unstructured format and we apply this structure and ask basically, give me the information in this form. This is why it works. Even if you think like we've charged GPT, it works very well if I go to a document and say, give me this type of information. Give me the account number. Give me if there is a liability or not. But it's important to know what to ask. Right. So we understand what to ask by reading the screens. And you're applying AI to achieve that. I mean, you guys were doing AI for a while. Everybody says that, but it's true. You bought re-infer natural language processing company before a GPD. We do, yeah, we do AI for a long time. And communication mining was based on transformers which is the same technology. Okay, so you're applying AI to solve these problems. Are you an AI company? And just don't want to say it because it's kind of AI washing. I think we kind of been for a long time. We have huge investments in document understanding. We've been a specialized AI company if I want to be more precise about it. And now with the addition of generative AI we've become a more general AI type of company. So thinking about the potential of UI path in the future, it seems to me that you have an opportunity and I love your thoughts on this. Actually, let me back up. There's a very few handful of examples.  Steve Jobs, Tesla, Elon Musk, and even Larry Ellison. They put together hardware and software in a way. He was the iPhone, right? The software car. And even Larry Ellison with his integrated systems. I don't know how closely you follow that, but it's true, they have hardware and software very tightly integrated. Is there an opportunity, vision now, to have an AI machine where you take your software robots and actually bring it to the physical world? And what struck me is the semantic automation. You've got people, places, and things. You've got a digital representation of my business. It's almost like Uber for the enterprise. Is that technically feasible? Is it a crazy idea? What do you think about that? I think we explore it for some while. But it's always a little bit on the back of my mind. For instance, we have a customer in Germany that builds robotic arms. And they use our technology not to control the arms, more in finance. But then I talk to them, what about if we use automation to control the arm? So it's possible, I think. I'm not sure it's going to be our focus. But I've seen other customers want to talk to a customer in Dubai, so they operate the largest port there. So they wanted AI to control the joystick that takes containers and put them into the docking areas. It's also possible, and they use kind of a screen and with the joystick. So probably we can train right now using computer vision. But they are far-fetched somehow. We have a lot to work on the business process. I understand you have to be focused. And you got a lot of work to do there. I just thinking ahead 10, 20 years, I think the AI is going to, I already can, mow my lawn and vacuum my floor. It already happens. It doesn't do such a great job, but it will. It will, it will do much better. And it's going to dramatically change our lives. Yeah. So I feel like you've got technology that actually could. Yeah, I think, you know, I said something in my keynote that people overestimate what you can do in one year, but underestimate. I think this is way overestimate we can do with AI right now. And I think the expectations people will be, will not be fulfilled. But in 10 years, I think we will see the iPhone moment of AI. How are you liking the new role, relatively new role, I mean the more focused role on product with Rob, kind of dealing with the go to market. How's that working? How are you guys getting along? Do you ever fight? No, actually not at all. Maybe it's a little bit concerning for me. Yeah, exactly. But we've never been into a fight and it seems to agree on everything very fast. I think it's really, it's working quite well. When you find the right partner, I think things move very fast. And I think both of us have the space to move, at, you know, where we are at best. So I feel really positive in our collaboration. I feel kind of happy doing the stuff that I love. Yeah, you seem happy. Oh, thank you. Yeah, so, and it's good. And Rob's doing a good job. He seems like he's, he's doing a much better job that I could have done ever. He's got the skill set that perhaps compliments, you know, yours very nicely. So the other thing that strikes me about forward, I've been to a number, I think we've been at every forward, except the first one. Sorry we missed that. But, well, it was a very interesting one in New York. Small, in a small, yeah. It was an avenue for like 400 people but we had like 700 subscribers. So I don't know exactly how we did it with fire regulation. Yeah, the fire marshal must have been stressed out. Yeah, they have been. But everyone I've been to, you try to put customer stories first and everybody says that uniquely. And I think you might have done this before but you launched the conference with three customer stories, short ones. Not big, long, drawn out case studies but just it was very artistic and dramatic. You know, if you didn't see it, lights went on and you had a customer and then went to another one and yeah, exactly. But I like that style because it says you want to put customers first and tell that story. Most of the content here is customer. I know many companies say they put customer first but it's not so easy to leave it. Because customers are a lot of time picky, they are demanding that. You need to build a muscle to have the empathy for customer. And for me it was very hard to build this muscle into our development area of the company. I literally had to go and tell them why do you feel you are smarter than the customer? Are you using the software at home?  How come? You are used to think that you can prioritize better. So this is how I got to them and they realized that. Look, maybe it's, I'm also working with this big Japanese client help. I think they had a little more some kind of respect towards so they, it came a little bit more natural. Oh, if you could. To not disappoint the Japanese customer. Somehow it was kind of interesting to see people, some of their culture kind of transpires somehow. And people got a little bit more, I think polite when they talk to Japanese people, right? It's true, yeah, because they're so polite in return. But it's like, you know the saying, if you can make it there, you make it anywhere. The song, you know, Frank Sinatra, New York City. It's actually, if you can make it in Tokyo, you can make it anywhere. We prove it's right, yes. I want to ask you about your aspirations for UiPath. It's so challenging to build a company, multi-billion dollar company. It's intense. Things never go perfectly, right? And so you have to respond and address very difficult. You can't control the market. Things happen in the world, geopolitics. What in your mind, how do you envision UiPath in the future? She said, we sometimes under, we don't accurately forecast the future, but we maybe overhype the early part.  Do you want it to be one of the next great software companies, and what do you have to do to achieve that and stay independent? I think we are kind of really on the path to stay independent, because we achieve the size, that we have some kind of velocity. And we are, even in this market, it's a big price for someone to acquire UiPath, so I'm not seeing it happening, honestly. And I don't want this. No, good. It kills innovation. Yeah, I really want to stay independent, so I enjoy a lot what I am doing. But, and I feel that with our touch of customers, with our understanding of business processes, we are in a really good position to build the next generation foundational models that can become this first, maybe digital companions for our customers, and then eventually we'll start to orchestrate business processes and do them completely autonomously. As an AI company, we kind of agree that you're a very specialized AI company. We saw, just in June we were out here, when we covered the Snowflake conference and the Databricks conference, I don't know how closely you follow those companies, but Snowflake bought a company called Neva. I don't know what they paid, but Databricks bought a company called Mosaic ML. The print number was, I think... Well, then one billion, I think. It was over three, I think, but it was at their lower valuation, so it was really like one and a half, 1.7. And I remember I was talking to Frank Slutman about this, and I said, these markets pretty hot. I mean, you guys are paying a lot of money for this. He said, it's the talent. Yeah. The talent is so valuable. It's worth picking these companies up. And it's obviously got to be a strategic fit. My question for you is, how are you able to attract that talent? Do you worry about the lack of talent in AI, or do you happen to have that because it's sort of your heritage? Well, I think we have a really solid talent in AI. I also think about what's our acquisition of green for a communication mining. We really have great talent from a hub, which is UCL in London. Before the hype, by the way. Before the hype. Yeah, for sure. And look at the way we solve one of the hardest problems ever. Think about it, to create AI that can use a computer like a human user. So basically just ask that AI do something and you describe that something and that AI will use a computer like an assistant, like a human user. And it's one of the hardest problems out there. People are very interested in helping, in working on this problem. Was that NDA? What, iPass? Okay, can we talk about that? I was sure. I stumbled into the meeting. I wasn't sure if it was... I think it's not... Is there something you guys talk about? We are kind of part of... We play in iPass, but not that we compete head to head with the established player, like Boomi or Musso. You're not trying to beat them. No, no, but we play already in iPass in the niche that is about using API to automate the process. And it's becoming actually a bigger niche. And iPass, I think at this point, it's a huge category that encompass many things. But this one, API automation that's part of iPass, I think we have quite a good story there. If it's an independent category, if we try to play in analysts, iPass, this is not important for me. What's important is that our customers knows when they go to automate a process, UIPAP has world-class RPA, world-class API, world-class AI. This is the message that I want to convey. To me, it's like process mining. It's not a market for you. It is, exactly. It's not a market. It's a capability that allows you to add more value for your customers. And of course, if the value is there, that'll increase. It's a good way of putting it, yes. Okay, I got to go. I got to go. Fantastic, don't get up because you don't want this out. Thank you so much. Great to see you. Yeah, good stuff. Okay, keep it right there. We'll be right back right after this short break. You're watching theCUBE from UIPath. Forward six from the MGM in Las Vegas. Right back.


Damian Heathie grew up in Santa Cruz, California. He could have liked the Niners, or the Chargers, or the Raiders. But after seeing the Tennessee Titans go to the Super Bowl when he was 8 years old, he had a team. Later, he even started a group called the California Titans fans. And they bleed blue. This week, they're in Oakland, California. And it doesn't take a football connoisseur to know that this place is tough for opposing fans. With one of the toughest, rowdiest fan bases in sports, some fans don't dare step foot in the black hole. But Damian Heathie and his group of diehards are in town. I'm waiting to get in the park with us. Ready to get in the parking lot right now? About to take over Oakland. Growing up as a Titans fan, I was always alone. And I started this page, trying to just get together with people, meet up at bars. Just represent. And man, what it's turned into now with the tailgates. Just the crazy meetups they have in LA, Northern California, man. It's growing. We have over 600 people. Don't think California Titans fans were hiding in the back of the parking lot. Don't think we're scared. We're in the corner. Now we're riding the thick of things, you know what I mean? We're right there representing, right front of everybody. We're never scared. These guys, they don't intimidate me. There's nothing to me. And there's nothing to any of my guys. And you know, we're putting us on the map. We're definitely invading every West Coast stadium, Oakland, Frisco, any stadium. We're never scared. Never scared. Oakland, they talk about it, but hey, man, we're here. California Titans fans. He extends the ball at the goal line. Did he get in? Henry to Peter. Touchdown. Let's go, baby. It's not always easy being a Titans fan, especially out here at Raider Nation. But you know, sorry that these guys are going to Vegas, but it is what it is. We're going to come here and take this duck. There's Smith opening the end zone. Johnny Smith. Touchdown. Titans. Yeah, so the reputation of Raider Nation, the black hole, you know, the scariest place to be, but I ain't scared. Never scared, man. Coming in here, see a blue. Me and my crew, California Titans fans, we're coming here and invading. Never scared anywhere. I'll go. I ain't scared, nobody. As the Titans come to the West Coast, and get it done again. Titans fans right here at Raider Nation, never be scared. You better cheer. You better be loud. You better represent.


The advances of modern medicine have made surgery more common than ever before. General anesthesia makes life-saving surgeries possible, but abnormal or slow recovery from general anesthesia can also have harmful effects. In a recent study, scientists at the University of Michigan found that the addition of a second anesthetic drug could paradoxically accelerate recovery while also deepening anesthesia. Recent attempts to get post-op patients back on their feet faster have focused on promoting the brain's own arousal systems. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is a key component of the brain's main arousal system. In the cerebral cortex, acetylcholine levels are high during periods of conscious activity, such as wakefulness and dreaming. Ketamine activates the brain's arousal centers and increases cortical acetylcholine despite also acting as an anesthetic. Therefore, the researchers hypothesized that the drug could accelerate recovery from anesthesia. To test the idea, they implanted rats with electrodes so they could monitor brain activity and the level of anesthesia. They also implanted a probe to measure acetylcholine levels in the cortex. The researchers then anesthetized the rats with the inhaled anesthetic isofluorine, which is commonly used in the operating room, and injected them with either saline or a subanesthetic dose of ketamine. Ketamine did accelerate recovery. Rats that got ketamine woke up about 45% faster than those that received saline. But even though the ketamine dose was too low to induce unconsciousness on its own, the drug also deepened the isofluorine anesthesia. In particular, burst suppression, a sign of deep anesthesia, was more frequent and lasted longer in ketamine-treated animals. These paradoxical effects appear to stem from ketamine's ability to boost arousal and disrupt excitatory signaling. During isofluorine anesthesia, acetylcholine levels are low, and ketamine could not raise them as long as isofluorine was being given. But as soon as isofluorine was stopped, the break was removed, and acetylcholine levels shot up. This increase likely sped up recovery, while ketamine's additional effect on excitatory signaling could explain how it deepened the isofluorine anesthesia. The results suggest that in rats at least, ketamine can accelerate post-anesthetic recovery by enhancing the brain's natural arousal system. Future clinical studies may determine whether ketamine can also speed up recovery from anesthesia in patients.


Lessons 20-25 from a Practical Arabic Course by E Nirmatullah and E Sheva-Lei. English text edited by E G Finch. Read for the LibriVox Language Learning Collection, volume 2. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Read by Nicholas James Bridgewater. Part 2. Grammar, Vocabularies, Exercises. 20th Lesson, Personal Pronouns, Vocabulary, The School, A School, Medorose, Medorose, A School, Medorose. The indefinite article A or N is not translated in Arabic.  The Class, El Firqah, El Firqah, The Class, El Firqah. The is represented by the indefinite article El, a Headmaster, Nehrlir, Nehrlir, a Headmaster, Nehrlir, or R'ais, R'ais, a Headmaster, R'ais, a Teacher, Mu'allim, Mu'allim, a Teacher, Mu'allim, or Mudarris, Mudarris, a Teacher, Mudarris, a Pupil, Dilmiz, Dilmiz, a Pupil, Dilmiz, a Student, Boalib, Boalib, a Student, Boalib, the Library, El Mektebe, El Mektebe, the Library, El Mektebe, the Desk, El Mekteb, El Mekteb, the Desk, El Mekteb.  Personal Pronouns. There are two kinds of Personal Pronouns, those joined to a word, Conjunctive, and those standing alone, Disjunctive. One, Conjunctive Personal Pronouns. I, Indi, with me, Indi, I have, Ke, Kitabuke, the Book of the Masculine, Kitabuke, thy Book, Hu, Medehahu, he has praised him, Medehahu, he has praised him. The Conjunctive Pronouns are the compliments of prepositions, nouns, and verbs.  A, Pronouns joined to a preposition, I have, Li, Li, Or, Me'ai, Me'ai, Or, Indi, Indi. There does not exist in Arabic a verb corresponding exactly to the English verb to have. To translate the idea of to have, the prepositions, Indi, Me'ai, with, and Li, too, are used with the various Conjunctive Personal Pronouns. Thou hast Masculine, Leke, Leke, Or, Me'ai, Ke, Me'ai, Ke, Or, Indi, Ke, Indi. The second person singular is in very common use in Arabic. Thou hast Feminine, Leke, Leke, Or, Me'ai, Ke, Me'ai, Ke, Or, Indi, Ke, Indi, Ke, He has, Lehu, Lehu, Or, Me'ai, Hu, Me'ai, Hu, Or, Indi, Hu, Indi, Hu. She has, Lehu, Lehu, Or, Me'ai, Hu, Me'ai, Hu, Indi, Hu, Indi, Hu. It will be noticed that in the Arabic Conjunction of the verb to have, present tense, the Daal of Aind, the Ayn of Me'ai, and the Laam bear in each case a Fatah, except in the first person singular where they take Kessra by analogy with I. 21st Lesson Conjunctive Personal Pronouns Vocabulary The school continued Paper Weroq Weroq Paper Weroq When the Conjunctive Pronouns are joined to a word ending in Tehmerbuta, this Tehmerbuta is changed to an ordinary Teh, a review, a magazine, Me'gelle, Me'gelle, a review, a magazine, Me'gelle, a newspaper, Gioride, Gioride, a newspaper, Gioride, or Journel, Journel, a newspaper, Journel, a pencil, Golem Rothoth, Golem Rothoth, a pencil, Golem Rothoth, a pen knife, Miqshet, Miqshet, a pen knife, Miqshet, a ruler, Miqshet, Miqshet, a ruler, Miqshet, an ink stand, Dewey, Dewey, or Deweyé, Deweyé, an ink stand, Deweyé, Ink, Hibre, Hibre, Ink, Hibre, a page, Fohife, Fohife, a page, Fohife, or Wedge, Wedge, a page, Wedge. The lesson Edders, Edders, the lesson Edders, an exercise Demrin, Demrin, an exercise Demrin, a line Sepur, Sepur, a line Sepur, a sentence Jumle, Jumle, a sentence Jumle, a word Kelime, Kelime, a word Kelime, Edrosetouki, thy school, Hu, Mu'alimuhu, the teacher of him, Mu'alimuhu, his teacher, He, Weroquhe, the paper of her, Weroquhe, her paper. When joined to a noun, the conjunctive personal pronouns represent the English possessive adjectives. C. Pronouns joined to a verb. E. Mada'hani, he has praised me. Mada'hani. K. Mada'haki, he has praised the masculine. Mada'haki. K. Mada'haki, he has praised the feminine. Mada'haki. Hu. Mada'hahu, he has praised him. Mada'hahu. Ha. Mada'haha, he has praised her. Mada'haha. When joined to a verb, the conjunctive personal pronouns have the meaning of me, thee, him, etc. In the first person singular, a noun is added to the stem of the verb before adding the i. Exercise 18 I have misboreh, weroq, qolem, wehibr. We shall not for the present accentuate the last letter of Arabic words, for the accentuation of this letter depends on the position of these words in a sentence and is subject to certain rules which we shall consider later. In enumerating a list of words, the conjunction weh and is repeated after each word. When a noun is determined by another or a succession of other nouns dependent each upon another, the last alone takes the article l, unless it is a proper noun. The preposition of, which connects these nouns, is not translated. M'ay'yarishah wama'yqushatw wama'aka qolem, rothoth. Bersu'tilmeez madha'al mudawris, tilmeezuh. In Arabic the subject is generally placed after the verb. Ainda'ka kitabuh, wa'inda'ha qolemuki, wama'jallatuki. 22nd lesson Conjunctive personal pronouns, vocabulary, the dining room, the furniture, the furniture The furniture or the furniture The furniture The dining table The dining table Or, the dining table, a cupboard, a cupboard, a cupboard, or a cupboard, a cupboard, the sideboard. When a word in English is rendered in Arabic by two nouns, the one depending on the other, the definite article L is placed only before the second. The cover, a day way to suffer, a day way to suffer. Oh, the cover, the cover, the cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth. The cloth a knife, sickine, a fork, shoke, shoke, a fork, shoke, a dish, bobber, bobber, a dish, bobber.  Third, conjunctive pronouns dual, you too masculine and feminine, cum, cum, you too masculine and feminine, cum, they too masculine and feminine, hum, hum, they too masculine and feminine, hum, in colloquial Arabic the pronouns of the dual and feminine plural are replaced by those of the masculine plural.  He has praised you, Jewel. Madahakumaa. Madahakumaa. He has praised you, Jewel. Madahakumaa. He has praised you, Feminine. Madahakunna. Madahakunna. He has praised you, Feminine. Madahakunna. 23rd Lesson. Disjunctive Personal Pronouns. The Cabulary. The Dining Room. Continued. A Plate. The Salt Seller. The Salt Seller. A Glass. Or. Cups. A Glass. Cups. A Bottle. Zugege. Zugege. A Bottle. Zugege. Or. Gzeze. Gzeze. A Bottle. Gzeze. A Cup. Fingene. Fingene. A Cup. Fingene. The Sourcer. The Food. The Bread. The bread The bread The fish The dessert fruits The dessert fruits The drink The drink ashourb, water, mea, mea, water, mea, or mea, mea, water, mea, wine, nebiz, nebiz, wine, nebiz, or nebit, nebit, wine, nebit, the dining room, el botus sufra, el botus sufra, the dining room, el botus sufra, two disjunctive personal pronouns, the disjunctive personal pronouns are first singular, aye en air, en air, aye en air, thou masculine ente, ente, thou masculine ente, he, hue, he, hue, she, he, she, he, second plural, we, nehnu, nehnu, we, nehnu, you masculine, ente, ente, you masculine, ente, you feminine, ente, ente, you feminine, ente, they masculine, HUM. HUM. They masculine HUM. They feminine HUNNEH. HUNNEH. They feminine HUNNEH. THIRD. DUAL. You two masculine and feminine ENTUMEH. ENTUMEH. You two masculine and feminine ENTUMEH. They two masculine and feminine HUMEH. HUMEH. They two masculine and feminine HUMEH. ENNEH. RONNEH. ENNEH. RONNEH. I rich. ENNEH. RONNEH. I am rich. Who a faqir. Who a faqir. He poor. Who a faqir. He is poor. The disjunctive personal pronouns are always used as subjects. I am ENNEH. ENNEH. I am ENNEH. Thou art masculine ENTEH. ENTEH. Thou art masculine ENTEH. Thou art feminine ENTEH. ENTEH. Thou art feminine ENTEH. He is HUEH. HUEH. He is HUEH. She is HIEH. HIEH. She is HIEH. We are NAHNU. NAHNU. WE ARE NAHNU. You are JUUL ENTUMEH. ENTUMEH.  You are plurals masculine, entum. They are dual, humair, humair, they are plural masculine, hum, hum, they are plural masculine, hum, they are plural feminine, hunné, hunné, they are plural feminine, hunné. The disjunctive personal pronouns render in Arabic the present tense of the verb to be. The book is useful, el kitāb mūfīd. The water is in the glass, el mā'a phil qodah, el mā'a phil qodah. phī in into phī, the serviette is on the chair, el fūtah ala'l kursī, ala'a upon over ala'a. As a rule in Arabic, the present tense of the verb to be is not translated in the case where in English it is followed by an attributive adjective or a circumstantial compliment. 24th lesson, the verb, vocabulary, a room, a wall, ha'eqt, ha'eqt, a wall, ha'eqt, o'hītah, hītah, a wall, hītah. The ceiling, e'seqf, e'seqf, the ceiling, e'seqf, a door, be'b, be'b, a door, be'b, a window, shubbeq, shubbeq, a window, shubbeq. The verb, the verb is either simple or derived. To write, ketebe, ketebe, to write, ketebe, to translate, terjeme, terjeme, to translate, terjeme. The simple verb is one whose root is composed of three or four essential letters. Then it is called either a triliteral or quadriliteral verb. To extract, istekhroje, istekhroje, to extract, istekhroje, from choroje, to get out, choroje, to be shaken, t'azia'zia'n, t'azia'zia'n, to be shaken, t'azia'zia'n, from zia'zia'n, to shake, zia'zia'n. The derived verb is one which is formed by adding to the simple verb one or more letters, which generally change its original sense. The verb is regular when its root contains none of the weak letters, nor the hamsa, nor the shaddeh. When this is not the case, the verb is irregular. To drink, shia'ribe, shia'ribe, to drink, shia'ribe, to drink, ay, shia'ribe, shia'ribe, to drink, shia'ribe. The accent of the second letter of the simple triliteral verbs is variable. Dictionary and use can alone indicate it. At this stage, it is unnecessary to notice the letters A, I, O, placed after the verbs, see page 43, 1. To study, O, derose, derose, to study, derose, to cut, goto'e, goto'e, to cut, goto'e. To open, feteche, feteche, to open, feteche, to copy, naseche, naseche, to copy, naseche, with, by, of, to, bi, bi, with, by, of, to, bi. Only, fe'kot, fe'kot, only, fe'kot, to write, he has written, kete'be, kete'be, to write, he has written, kete'be. In the Arabic verb, the radical from which the various tenses and persons are formed is the third singular masculine of the past tense. Past tense, I wrote, kete'be, to, kete'be, to, I wrote, kete'be, to, or I have written, etc. Thou didst write masculine, kete'bte, kete'bte, Thou didst write masculine, kete'bte, Thou didst write feminine, kete'bte, kete'bte, Thou didst write feminine, kete'bte, he wrote, kete'be, kete'be, he wrote, kete'be, she wrote, kete'bet, kete'bet, she wrote, kete'bet, You wrote dual, kete'btume, kete'btume, you wrote dual, kete'btume, we wrote, kete'bne, kete'bne, we wrote, kete'bne, You wrote plural masculine, kete'btume, kete'btume, you wrote plural masculine, kete'btume, you wrote plural feminine, kete'btune, kete'btune, You wrote plural feminine, kete'btune, they wrote plural masculine, kete'bu, kete'bu, they wrote plural masculine, kete'bu, The final alif has no vocalic value and is suppressed when the verb is joined to a conjunctive personal pronoun. They wrote plural feminine, ketebne, ketebne. They wrote plural feminine, ketebne. They wrote dual masculine, ketebe, ketebe. They wrote dual masculine, ketebe. They wrote dual feminine, ketebne, ketebne. They wrote dual feminine, ketebne. In conjugating the past tense of a simple triliteral verb, the third letter only changes its vowel sound according to the various persons. Exercise 19 I wrote with my pen. I opened the door and the window. The glass and the cup were on the chair. We drank white wine in the kitchen. We cut the bread and the fish and the meat with the knife. They left their lesson only in the office. The glass in the closet and the cup on the desk. The glass and the cup on the table. 25th lesson, past of simple triliteral verbs, vocabulary, a room continued. The furniture, the furniture, a table, a drawer, a drawer, a drawer, a drawer. A chest of drawers, khezene beedroj, khezene beedroj. A shelf, rough, a shelf, rough. A looking glass, mir'e, mir'e, a looking glass, mir'e, a sofa, diwen, diwen, a sofa, diwen. A box, fonduq, fonduq. A box, fonduq. The carpet, elbiserte, elbiserte. The carpet, elbiserte. A curtain, citere, citere, a curtain, citere. A lamp, misbeh, misbeh, a lamp, misbeh, or lambeh, lambeh, a lamp, lambeh. An image, a portrait, surah, surah. An image, a portrait, surah. A drawing, rosm, rosm, a drawing, rosm. A room, ghurfeh, ghurfeh, a room, ghurfeh. Or, u'dayh, u'dayh, a room, u'dayh. Or, go'ayh, go'ayh, a room, go'ayh. To accept, to agree to, a, go'bi'le, go'bi'le. To accept, agree to, go'bi'le. To shut, o, ghurleq, ghurleq. To shut, ghurleq. Or, ay, ghurfehle, ghurfehle, to shut, ghurfehle. To sweep, o, kenese, kenese. To sweep, kenese. To explain, ay, shahruhhe, shahruhhe. To explain, shahruhhe. To sit, ay, gelese, gelese. To sit, gelese. Or, or, o, ghuaida, ghuaida. To sit, ghuaida. To send, ay, be'aithe, be'aithe. To send, be'aithe. To beg, to ask for, o, go'le'be. Go'le'be. To beg, to ask for, go'le'be. To pronounce, ay, le'fer'we. Le'fer'we. To pronounce, le'fer'we. To do, to make, ay, amile. Amile. To do, to make, amile. Or, ay, fa'ne'e. Fa'ne'e. To do, to make, fa'ne'e. Yes, ne'am. Ne'am. Yes, ne'am. No, le'e. Le'e. No, le'e. He has drunk, sh'el-ri-be. Sh'el-ri-be. He has drunk, sh'el-ri-be. Has he drunk, el-sh'el-ri-be? El-sh'el-ri-be? Or, esher-ri-be? Esher-ri-be? Has he drunk, esher-ri-be? Past tense, interrogatively. Have I drunk, el-sh'er-ri-be-to? El-sh'er-ri-be-to? Have I drunk, el-sh'er-ri-be-to? Has he drunk, masculine, el-sh'er-ri-be-to? El-sh'er-ri-be-to? Has he drunk, masculine, el-sh'er-ri-be-to? Has he drunk, feminine, el-sh'er-ri-be-to? El-sh'er-ri-be-to? Has he drunk, feminine, el-sh'er-ri-be-to? has he drunk? has he drunk? has she drunk? has she drunk? have we drunk? have you drunk masculine? have you drunk feminine? have you drunk feminine? have they drunk masculine? have they drunk feminine? the dual form of the past tense having been given in the preceding lesson it is unnecessary to repeat it in each lesson exercise 20 have you sent the new one to the field? yes, I have a mirror and a lamp in the room have you sat on the wall? have you built the school? have you written the word and the sentence? we have made a picture and a picture of the university have you written the poem? exercise 21 did you send the carpet and the curtain? has the teacher opened the door and the window? no, the teacher has opened the door and shut the window have you made masculine the furniture of our room? has she swept the room? have they accepted masculine the pupil in the school? have you copied feminine the exercise in the copy book? have we drunk a bottle of wine? have they made masculine the portrait of their teacher? end of lessons 20 to 25 of a practical Arabic course by E. Niamatullah and E. Chevalet English text edited by E. G. Finch read by Nicholas James Bridgewater slips of speech by John H. Bechtel introduction read for the LibriVox Language Learning Collection Volume 2 this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org introduction Homer in all probability knew no rules of rhetoric and was not tortured with the consideration of grammatical construction and yet his verse will endure through time if everybody possessed the genius of Homer rules and cautions and writing would be unnecessary today all men speak and most men write but it's observed that those who most closely follow Homer's method of writing without rules are most unlike Homer in the results the ancient bard was a law unto himself we need rules for our guidance rules of writing are the outgrowth of the study of the characteristics and qualities of style which distinguish the best writers from those of inferior skill and ability grammarians and rhetoric titions according to their several lines of investigation set forth the laws and principles governing speech and formulate rules whereby we may follow the true and avoid the false grammar and rhetoric as too often presented in the schools are such uninviting studies that when school days are ended the books are laid aside and are rarely consulted afterward the custom of formally burning the textbooks after the final examinations a custom that prevails in some institutions is but an emphatic method of showing how the students regard the subjects treated in the books if all the rules and principles had been thoroughly mastered the huge bonfire of textbooks and grammar and rhetoric might be regarded a fitting celebration of the students of victory over the difficulties of English undefiled but too often these rules are merely memorized by the student for the purpose of recitation and are not engrafted upon his everyday habit of speech they are therefore soon forgotten and the principles involved are subject to daily violation hence arises the need of books like slips of speech in which the common false of speakers and writers are pointed out and the correct use of words shown brief and informal in treatment they will be read and consulted when the more voluminous textbooks will be left untouched the copious index appended to this volume will afford a ready reference to the many subjects discussed and will contribute greatly to the convenience and permanent value of the book end of introduction to slips of speech by john h betel read by mike harris slips of speech by john h betel chapter one read for the libravox language learning collection volume two this is a libravox recording all libravox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit libravox.org slips of speech chapter one taste taste is a universal gift it's been found in some degree in all nations races and ages it's shown by the savage in his love of personal decoration by the civilized man in his love of art but while it's thus universal it's as different among men as their faces complexions characters or languages even among people of the same nation it's as different as the degrees of society the same individual at different periods of life shows this variableness of taste these diversities of taste imply a susceptibility to improvement good taste in writing forms no exception to the rule while it seems to require some basis in nature no degree of inborn aptitude will compensate for the lack of careful training to give his natural taste firmness and fineness a writer needs to read the best literature not merely so as to know it but so as to feel the beauty the fitness the charm the strength the delicacy of a well-chosen word the study of the proper arrangement and the most effective expression of our thoughts prompts us to think more accurately so close is the connection between the thought and its expression that looseness of style in speaking and writing may nearly always be traced to indistinctness and feebleness in the grasp of the subject no degree of polish and expression will compensate for inadequacy of knowledge but with the fullest information upon any subject there is still room for the highest exercise of judgment and good sense in the proper choice and arrangement of the thoughts and of the words with which to express them the concurrent testimony of those best qualified to render a decision as determined that authors reflect the finest literary taste and these writers should be carefully studied by all who aspire to elegance accuracy and strength in literary expression fine writing never hesitate to call a spade a spade one of the most frequent violations of good taste consists in the effort to dress a common subject in high sounding language the ass in the fable showed his stupidity when he put on the lion's skin and expected the other animals to declare him to be the king of the beasts the distinction of a subject lies in its own inherent character and no pompous parade of words will serve to exalt a commonplace theme poetic terms in the expression of homely ideas and the discussion of affairs of everyday life avoid such poetic forms as oar for over, nair for never, mid for a mid, ene for even, again for began, twixt for the twixt, neath for beneath, list for listen, oft for often, mourn for mourning, eve for evening, ere for ever, ere for before, tiz for it is, twuz for it was. In all prose composition avoid such poetic forms as swain, white, mead, break, dingle, del, zephyr. Foreign words the unrestrained use of foreign words whether from the ancient or from the modern languages savers of pedantry and affectation. The ripest scholars in speaking and writing English make least use of foreign words or phrases, persons who indulge in their use incur the risk of being charged with a desire to exhibit their linguistic attainments. On the other hand occasions do arise when the use of words from a foreign tongue by one who is thoroughly familiar with them will add both grace and exactness to his style. Rarely use a foreign term when your meaning can be as well expressed in English. Instead of blasé, use surfited or weary. For cortège, use procession. For collure de rose, rose-color. For déjeuner, breakfast. For embloyer, employee. For enroute, on the way. For entre nous, between ourselves. For fait accompli and accomplished fact. For intoto, holy or entirely. For penchant, inclination. For raison d'être, reason for existence. For rechercher, choice, refine. For rôle, part. For soirée dansante. An evening dancing party. For sub-rosa, secretly, etc. The following incident from the Detroit Free Press is in point. The gentleman from the West pulled his chair up to the hotel table, tucked his napkin under his chin, picked up the bill of fare, and began to study it intently. Everything was in restaurant French, and he didn't like it. There, a waiter. He sits sternly. There's nothing on this I want. Ain't there nothing else you'd like for dinner, sir? Inquired the waiter, politely. Have you got any centiquanon, the waiter gasped? No, sir, he replied. Got any bon motes? No, sir. Got any semper item? Why, no, sir, we ain't. Got any judespri? No, sir, not a one. Got any tempest-fugit? I reckon not, sir. Got any soirée dansante? No, sir, the waiter was edging off. Got any signe-y dye? No, we ain't, sir. Got any e pluribus unum? The waiter's face showed some sign of intelligence. Oh, seems like I heard of datsa, and he rushed out to the kitchen, only to return empty-handed. Now, we ain't got none, sir, he said, in a tone of disappointment. Got any maldemare? What? No, sir. The waiter was going to pieces fast. The gentleman from the west was as serene as a may morning. Got any vice versa? he inquired again. The waiter could only shake his head. No? Well, maybe you got some bacon and cabbage in a corn-dodger. Oh, did we have, sir, exclaimed the waiter in a tone of the utmost relief, and he fairly flew out to the kitchen. Trite expressions. Words and phrases which may once have been striking and effective or witty and felicitous, but which have become worn out by oft-repeated use, should be avoided. The following hack-need phrases will serve to illustrate. The staff of life gave up the ship, counterfeit presentment, the hymenial altar, bold as a lion, throw cold water upon, the rose upon the cheek, lords of creation, the weaker sex, the better half, the rising generation, tripping the light-fantastic toe, the cup that cheers but does not inebriate, in the arms of Morpheus, the debt of nature, the born whence no traveller returns, to shuffle off this mortal coil, the devouring element, a brow of alabaster. Pet words. Avoid pet words with their individual, provincial, or national in their use. Few persons are entirely free from the overuse of certain words. Young people largely employ such words as delightful, delicious, exquisite, and other expressive adjectives, which constitute a kind of society slang. Overworked expressions. Words and phrases are often taken up by writers and speakers repeated, and again taken up by others, and thus their use enlarges in ever-widening circles until the expressions become threadbare. Drop them before they've reached that state. Function, environment, trend, the masses, to be in touch with, to voice the sentiments up. These are enough to illustrate the kind of words referred to. Very vulgar vulgarisms. No one who has any regard for purity, addiction, and the proprieties of cultivated society will be guilty of the use of such expressions as yaller for yellow, feller for fellow, kittle for kettle, kiver for cover, ingons for onions, cow cumbers for cucumbers, spara grass for asparagus, yarbs for herbs, taters for potatoes, tomats for tomatoes or tomatoes, bile for boil, haint for ain't or isn't, het for heated, caned for kneaded, sought for sat or set, teeny for tiny, fooling you for deceiving you, them for those, shut up for be quiet or be still, or cease speaking, went back on me for deceiving me or took advantage of me, a power of people for a great many people, a power of money for great wealth, a heap of houses for many houses, lots of books for many books, lots of corn for much corn or large quantities of corn, gents for gentlemen and many others of a similar character.


What's up everybody? Jason here for jaspyskatesrace.com. We're giving away 19 crown royale pyrotein number five teams away with his 21-20 Penini mosaic basketball hobby pack break number 54 So again guys just like a normal filler We'll do the break first round guys because your name team is true of the hits out of the pack then at the end We're randomized all 30 customer names randomize them and top 19 get a team and crown royale in the following order or land all the way at the top down on LAC So here we go. Let's do the break first roll four to five nine times one two three four five six seven eight nine nine four five nine Ryan Dennis Steve Herrick four five nine One two three four five six seven eight Pelicans out of the Rockets All right guys and again stick to what you got it is just a pack filler Pinca Pella SGA Jamal Murray Another really exciting there unfortunately, but Let's do the main giveaway.  Four and one five times five times Top 19 are in and Michael the top all the down to Ryan and again top 19 only in All right, so Michael you have Orlando Ryan with okc Carl with the Lakers Michael Portland Houston Carl Sacramento Michael with San Antonio Nancy with Denver Carl with Memphis Michael with Lana Steve with Brooklyn I assume that's Brooklyn Scott Cleveland Carl Miami as well as the Knicks Jay with Philly Washington with Michael Phoenix Michael CJ Toronto and Carl with the Clippers and guys the rest of you guys unfortunately not in but thanks for giving a show So coming up next in this every video is crown Royale