hey guys welcome to my channel please put a like and subscribe if you are new also go over to my other channel moon pie tarot where you can get daily collective reading my readings always start on the 30 minute mark you can come in earlier if you want to wait chat with everyone but they always start the 30 minute mark so just pop in at the 30 minute mark reading will begin all right let's get in your paper go welcome back to another episode of your story okay so I have a few cards here I posted a short earlier today and I wanted to touch a little bit on that so we have they'll be back expect to hear from them soon you might be a distance physically or emotionally distant from somebody you're being asked to have patience just a few more months good things come to those who wait let go of the situation right now trying to control it or stressing about it make room for the new beginning it's on its way to you now not it's not the right time for you and someone to be together yes they will be back and it showed up as a cancer so if you didn't see that short earlier do go check that out let's get into your reading hope you guys are doing well now I just want to give you guys a little caveat I have a I may not be available tomorrow I'm gonna try to get a reading out to you guys it is possible I may have to re-upload something else to you know kind of I'll see how much time I have it's a rough week I'm not even doing personal readings so I'll keep you guys posted I'm not quite sure what I'm gonna do just yet I may run like a do like a quick mini reading and then just run like a four-hour stream maybe a two-hour stream for you guys to just kind of be able to have your chat that kind of thing we'll see how it goes okay so just a heads up tomorrow's kind of iffy I'll try to put something out there for you all right so anyway enough of that let's get into this what are we doing here the sword in the rose wow clarity truth revelation solidarity force honor protection and power this is good so some truthful conversation coming out let's see what else is coming up here for you and an engagement ring partnership commitment eternity completion in union wow so looks like good honest conversation starting off here wow paradise happiness expansion joy playfulness oneness and enjoying each other that looks amazing way better than what you were what yesterday's energy was that must have just been a blip on the radar so yeah definitely looks like as far as your romantic life goes it looks like there's going to be some truth coming out some of you're gonna get a proposal of some sort or someone's going to be open and honest give you some clarity about how they feel tell you that they want to protect you forever never never protect the relationship maybe even give you a ring wouldn't be with you for eternity completion union that kind of thing yeah it looks very you know engagement is just pretty much a symbol of union you know that you guys are exclusive or you want to be together let's take a look and see even that paradise card makes me feel like let's keep getting that band hailing song it's just showing my age there but this is oneness this is enjoying each other this is just kind of like feeling like you're in paradise to people feeling like just happy like it's just paradise you know you know okay there there you go there you go okay so there's definitely going to be some someone coming in here in air energy it looks like saying this to you oh god I hope it's not yesterday's reading doesn't really look like it but somebody is definitely giving some truth that they want to be in like a long-term committed relationship okay masculine or feminine energy alright let's say or that they you might go on a date it could just it might be not it for some of you might not be like a profession of love you could be going on a date or you could be talking to somebody new and they just tell you that they're looking for a long term you know looking to settle down they're looking for a long term like they're hoping they meet someone that they can you know have a long term like committed even possibly marriage you know live out the rest of the lives with someone you know so kind of take it as it resonates it for some of you if you if you are involved in a relationship with someone this is a situation where that conversation involves the truth comes out somebody wants to actually take it to the next level if you're involved with someone if you're not and you're just maybe perusing dating whatever it might be this topic comes up this conversation comes up you might even confess you might even say not confess but you might even state that to another person yourself you know you're not looking for benefits you're you know in in that sense like friends with benefits you're not looking just you're looking for something more steady you want to go steady you want to something more stable so I feel like there this is on the table in November for sure let's see what's going on here yeah look at that it's basically like somebody's basically saying I'm single as a Pringle and I'm either single or I'm in a committed relationship it's one of the other and I'm gonna date until it's one of the other yes so somebody here is legit shopping for on purpose there is no casual browsing someone's not just simply browsing window shopping just looking to see what's out there for no reason that's very flaky I mean I don't know what you guys but like what is the purpose that's just boredom do you know what I mean I think it's just boredom I mean it doing things with intention and with purpose is like otherwise you spin in your wheels right you just spin in your wheels you're bored find something to do with your life then go get a hobby browsing people on dating sites or just browsing or playing with people people have feelings they're not objects you know so I feel like whoever this person is you either already connecting with them or you will be in November it's like hey here's the bottom line here's the truth I'm either gonna be single until I meet someone who's ready to match my energy or yeah one of the other that's that's their truth that's like their truth right here I don't see somebody here who's looking for this is not an energy here of just friendship and but I don't feel like this is someone who is looking to meet someone and just say okay we've been we've had three dates let's get married this is not this someone who's very traditional and they're very honest I don't see this you know they could be a Taurus also Libra Gemini Aquarius I don't see this person as being flaky at all in the sense of when it comes to their life they are looking they are seeking long-term okay yeah yeah they're pretty much gosh I mean you're meeting someone who's pretty serious you know they have I feel like this person has this turning into a singles reading seriously for singles but I'm gonna touch on both I mean I feel like if you've been involved with this person or if you've been dating them it may have gone on for too long and they're done with it they don't want to just keep dating forever and ever and ever they want to like actually cement the situation the relationship into something long-term now that's what I'm feeling because it's too much of a struggle I guess for this person to just be in the unknown to be outside we out in the cold to never know where we're gonna get our next slice of bread you know I mean to struggle it can be I guess a little bit of a struggle for this person because they feel like okay we're either in or we're out we don't like we haven't confirmed anything here you know so if you're already involved with this person that's their energy they don't want to be they want to like sign sealed and delivered pretty much that's their energy of this person is what I'm picking up whatever sign they are now like I said if when you do meet them that is gonna be their energy as well yeah this might come as a shock to some of you because this is so straightforward and this is like this is like a unicorn this is a unicorn or at least it'll feel that way to you it's like boom this person just drops the bomb and they are just completely straightforward and it's it's turned into a rarity these days you know I think like 50 years ago people who 50 or 60 70 years ago maybe people who were just kind of goofing off and playing around was a rarity but the tables have flipped I mean historically the tables have flipped and it's a rarity now to find people who actually want to be in a long-term committed type of relationship but I see this person here or your person being showing up as very traditional here which might be a shocker for you if you've been dating them and they haven't been that way before or to meet someone who's like this it's Scorpio energy on the table here as well okay so it looks good show me this Hierophon I just want to get a clarifier for the Hierophon oh yeah look at that night of cups so coming in with the romance so remember I was talking yesterday about the night of cups like so here's the thing right the night of cups is basically if you try to imagine what I was saying like night of cups is like down on the knee make the proposal right that proposal only happens one time that's the night of cups and then it's done traditionally someone gets down on the on one knee makes the proposal offers the ring the the person receiving the proposal accepts or declines and then the proposal is over that's the night of cups right it's not it's not static doesn't stay it's not continuous so this is the proposal the marriage proposal the engagement this is what's happening and this is this is what is either going to be offered to you or discussed with you either way in November for sure so somebody whoever your person is or whoever you meet in November it's it's headed this way I know a lot of you are like when am I gonna meet somebody when I'm gonna meet this person some of you do want this energy and this is what I feel like is happening here this is what the direction I feel like it's going so there you go there's your answer for some of you this is someone who I said in my short earlier could be coming back around and doing this and in that short that was a cancer so here we have Pisces but I'll you know pull some cards to see also some roll the dice to see if anybody others other sign shows up see what else show Virgo the tower card yeah so that's kind of like a shocker energy right there like boom wow and I feel like in relation to the five of pentacles it's kind of like saying I can't do this anymore I can't be out in the cold I can't be like struggling with this anymore I don't want to do this anymore I don't want to struggle need to do something about this okay celebration party reunite for some of you have that reunion come back together for some of you it is engagement party it is tell everybody tell friends tell family talk to the family talk to the support somebody's telling their friends and family seeking that support saying hey you know what this is what I'm doing I need you guys to back me up because I'm gonna go to my person and I'm gonna I'm gonna do it now I'm finally gonna do this you know that kind of energy as well are going to your friends and family and saying this is what's gonna happen you know and this what I'm thinking of doing and I need your I need your blessing or I need your support I'm going for it I met somebody or I've been dating this person or you know that person I've been with I'm doing it yeah so this feels like a profound change like it's serious not serious like negative serious it's like a serious commitment that I see happen in here and the tower like I said it's coming off of this five of pentacles where it feels like someone is whoever this person is they're they're well off you know like they're good they're stable they're not I don't see this person as being like they're not a but trillionaire but I see them as being like pretty financially stable and steady single they're okay they do alright I don't see them poor you know I mean they got enough money to make ends meet I see that so I don't feel like it's like a real financial struggle even though the five of pentacles does presume that I feel like it's more like wow they just said part of it is they want to help you too if you have a financial struggle they don't want you to suffer so it's not just love it's not just romance it's also like hmm giving it's about giving because he's you know the five represents uncertainty and these sure are uncertain times so they don't want to be a burden on you you know they want to be able to contribute but it's not charity because that would be the six of pentacles it's not charity it's me Casa is your Casa that kind of thing which that's kind of nice even though Virgos are just like nope I can do it myself Virgos is so independent and I don't think this person wants to take away your independence definitely not but I think they want to be part of it at you know because they do see that is the Virgo card so I feel like they do see that you they know that listen Virgo they know that you can take care of business they do know that okay so that's not really an issue here yeah so this person all right we've got Aquarius energy wow that's amazing so I feel like this person is seriously this person new coming in or your person is freeing themselves up for sure they're taking this risk here and no longer restless like I don't know if they were restless before healing from some kind of heartbeat heartbreak they they might have had some kind of pain of some sort they're definitely recovered they're on this adventure you know they've been solo for sure but I feel like I feel like they want somewhere to lay their lay their head they want to like lay their head on your pillow and they just want to there's definitely travel here so I don't know if you guys are at a distance which was in my short they may want to come see you and lay together or some R&R could be some holiday stuff as well some R&R rest and relaxation for the holidays spend some time together yeah yeah I feel like you're gonna get a lot of communication from this person in regards to their I their long-term commitment plans definitely they're gonna talk to you about all this the things that they want what they want from this relationship this is Cupid's arrows I mean this person is definitely like they got a for you and Cupid's arrows for sure love bomb love bomb love bomb but not in a negative way you know it is going to be a lot of travel talk about a lot travel not they're not gonna give up on that I feel like they they're bringing some the good news they think it's good news to bring this to you so if you've been dating this person it may might be something you've wanted to hear so they're excited about this to tell you you know I feel like they think you're gonna receive it well let's see how you're gonna receive this how's we're gonna we're gonna receive this message from this person when they tell them when they tell Virgo that they want something sustainable long-term committed marriage that kind of thing wow I was like that's right because I'm worth it maybe it's Maybelline I was like I am worth that look at me on the Empress and the Empress in not so much in the feminine but does represent in new beginnings high value worth beauty nurturing children she represents all as gracious she represents Mother Earth represents love yeah she also represents progress she represents victory Virgo I feel like you will take it well because you you something about lifestyle change I feel like this is something you've been wanting but also feel like like a melly says the bees go to the rose so I feel like you have this is something that you've been maybe something you've been wanting but I feel like you're gonna take it well and as I always say it's the sperm that chases the egg right don't even get on it you guys because it's true that's a scientific fact I mean the egg does roll down and position herself a bit but I mean am I wrong if I'm wrong tell me I'm wrong but I'm pretty sure the egg doesn't go chasing after the sperm so anyway yeah so I think you're gonna take this well and yes I am talking to the females here okay and for the Virgo males it's a little bit of a different story I think because of the I'm just not gonna get into all that like I really like there is a difference I have to say and I don't mean anything negative to the males here I don't I know you guys have your struggles as well but I do feel like I know some guys don't want to do all the pursuing I understand that and you might be more comfortable with females who pursue and I feel like they're out there just got to find them you know but I'm not so sure I don't really think Virgo females are really pursuers and that's why I got to speak mostly to the Virgo females because they're not really pursuers not generally not not by nature they're hermits that's why hermit represents Virgo so okay so yeah I feel like you're gonna take it well I feel like you're gonna be pretty settled with it with someone coming in and and saying they're gonna do this so they want to do that for you yeah and because you're pretty much like you know what it's fine and that is what I would like if this is someone new and if you already are involved with this person yeah I feel like your energy is like yeah let's go let's go manifest this thing let's take let's take that journey let's make it happen you know if you've already been with this person I mean I have to be honest like all for love yeah the journey's for love for sure and yeah this is someone that you know you've known for a while or someone that's coming back around from your past I mean you have a good sincere heart Virgo you know I feel like you're open and willing to have that connection with this person if they're coming in correct you know what I mean and I'm not talking to those of you who have been in abusive relationships because that's a different story okay and that's that's abnormal like let's let's make that clear and it's a shame that that's become the norm because we can't have conversations anymore about relationships it seems like because everybody's out here being abused that is the abnormal that is not the norm and I feel like we need to get make that that clear distinction abusive relationships are the abnormal and it is not common let's make that clear there are people there are selfish people in this world absolutely and there are sometimes people who are a little sensitive to things you have to be able to draw the line between what is people are seriously abusive seriously and then people who are just being a jerk for the day you know because we all got jerk tendencies right and so when we're getting into like deep deep readings about severe psychopathic stuff I mean these are the few and far between they're out there but they just are shown so much because the sensationalism they're blown out of proportion those are the abnormal types of relationships you know they're selfish people and sometimes most of the time the real issue is that people are just not compatible and it doesn't make people bad it just makes them not compatible and so let's draw the line there and just say it we didn't work out see you later all's well good luck with your next relationship and let's move on and not you know hold grudges against everybody let's try to all live happy that's my that's my thing and not everybody's gonna agree with me but I think at some point we got to like move on okay so if you've been in some kind of relationship with you guys just whatever it didn't work out or something happened and you know whatever reasons sometimes people just move away sometimes life issues happen and people aren't able to maintain a relationship whatever reason and somebody here you got like I said somebody's coming back around I think you you might you know take them back and try to be able to well maybe psych circumstances are different sometimes people split up when they're in like their teens or when they're in their 20s they go off and then they you know build families and then they that doesn't work out and then they wind up coming back together in their fifties it happens sometimes life interferes yeah so it looks good I feel like there is definitely commitment on the table whether it's somebody new or somebody that you've been dating who's ready to go the next level or like I said even somebody from your past just now showing up here that you you're willing to like yeah let's let's go on this journey I feel like you got a real practical mindset about this here and I'll see you gushing with love I feel like you're like with the eight of cups there you know hey I'm willing to take that ride I'm willing to see what we can make out of this what we can build what we can cultivate together yeah I think it looks good yeah let's see where the road takes us you know we're at the beginning here with the crossroads let's see where we can go should we go left should we go right should we go forward let's not go back let's just keep moving you know are we gonna make lateral moves can we go for let's explore the world let's see where we can take this like I like that attitude because it makes you it seems like you're open-minded to this whole scenario which is good I think it's good being open-minded I mean of course you don't be so open-minded that your brains fall out you got to have your convictions but it looks like you are open-minded enough to give something a chance and that's best you can do right let's get your Chinese signs here see what the Chinese signs are for you you could be born year of the rooster you are your person year of the tiger oh double rooster again year of the dragon year of the pig year of the ox year of the dog year of the rat year of the snake okay so if the sign that you are familiar with didn't show up it doesn't mean it's not for you and it doesn't mean it's not like it's not your reading so just take a fit leave the rest I'm just gonna couple messages of love here okay oh someone here's a someone in this connection is gripped by obsessive thoughts okay a little obsession going on here all right I don't know what that has to do with you or it or it's this person well there is the four of pentacles so could be connected here someone could be obsessed with settling down at this point in their life it doesn't have to be obsessed with you it's obsessive thoughts so it could be someone is just really at this point now we're like I'm just either like I said it's black and white so there might be a little bit of some black and white energy happening here like I mean they're gonna be settled with someone in my life or I'm just gonna be single yeah I feel like that's the message I don't feel like someone here is wanting to just play around and date casually somebody's done and it could be you or it could be this person one or the other and that could be it is it's either you or this person or both of you this person is unable to give you all you deserve who but this relationship deserves a second chance so it might be worth exploring to see if that's true or not yeah Virgo so maybe they're not maybe maybe this is someone that you had something with before it looks like they want to have this but hmm looks like it's some worth finding that out you've done the work abundance flows to you now radical acceptance and surrender can help you let go okay so when second chance comes up and it says this relationship deserves a second chance that's still just advice and that doesn't mean you got to do it remember like always say on my readings like that could just be also that person saying give me another chance it doesn't mean for those of you who have been involved with this person before that that's you have to make the decision right so you go through the motion you got to find out okay if you feel like you want to give it another try give it another try it doesn't mean that they'll be unavailable you might feel like because they were before that they might be again but you got to find that out things might be different you don't know and if you meet somebody new you might have a fear that you're gonna get involved with someone who's unavailable even if they say no I'm ready to settle down you still have to explore it okay that's what I feel like that card means I'm not trying to preach here I just feel like that's what that card means all right let's get some charms and some other things going on here okay we have the letter K we have September 22nd 1879 we have a Q the letter V is here again the letter B as in boy well two Q's Q Q like a QT we have QT I just heard even QQ doesn't really mean that we have QT somebody might be 22 also and you also have the ship's wheel okay so I've got a wheel turning here you guys captain's wheel I guess that's what it's called so the wheel is turning wheel in the sky keeps on turning yeah so there's definitely a shift a change that's happening now in November I don't know if you guys have felt the shift and the change but it is occurring so do keep your eyes on that or just feel it the energy you can feel the shift is starting to happen and it don't even feel like it's just a singular shift I feel like it's a global shift changes upon us but you might feel it down on a more personal level as well in all areas of your life you might be able to pinpoint it certain things so just kind of I don't know it feels like like a wave a very subtle wave though yes it's just a very subtle wave things are just seemingly a little different so this captain's wheel this could have something to like it could resonate for you in some way maybe somebody you know has a boat or as a captain of a ship or you there's a connection maybe to a boat we do a paradise here so somebody might sail somewhere where there's you know very tropical areas does a lot of sailing tropical areas might have a boat named paradise or live in an area that's named paradise pronoun noun name of a place yes yes yes yes yeah captain's wheel I'm just hearing captain Kirk wasn't that what was that Star Trek captain Kirk maybe somebody's name is Kirk the voyage a voyager voyage somebody's on a voyage okay so I'm gonna leave that there it's very interesting I used to love Star Trek that was my mother had like such a huge crush on William Shatner my gosh and is in his prime of course in his prime she's still my mother she was such a fanboy my gosh William Shatner his prime was pretty good looking and we're done with this reading all right you guys so yeah thanks for being here like I said I'm gonna try to figure out something to leave you guys with November 8th as I will probably I won't be live I'll figure something out if I do wind up being here like I don't know I'll figure something out this the rest of this week is gonna be tough but tomorrow's Wednesday I'll try to get something put together for you guys and yeah that's pretty much gonna be it I will I'll see you back here very soon have a wonderful evening thank you everyone donating to the child rescue website fundraiser that I have I always have to say thank you so much I'm very grateful to you for doing that it means like just very it's very heartwarming touches my heart when you guys donate to that fund that just more than anything I don't even care about the coffee when you guys donate there that's just like that's a thousand coffees to my soul I love it but thank you also for donating to buying me a cup of coffee thank you thank you and yeah I'll see you guys all back here hopefully tomorrow and yeah have a good one take care


Ac mae'n gweithio i gyd, mae'n gofyn ar y llwydd, ac mae'n gofyn arall. Mae'n gofyn ar gyfer y llwydd yn ymddangos ar y llwydd. A'r ysgol yna ar y 3,3kg. a we have the 100 puff gun in between the front side of this resistor and the base and then the side of the resistor is going to be going off around a negative side. Let me just look at that. Now we need this. The other end of this is going to be connected to the output. Right, so let's have a look what we've got going on here then. So this is our base collector emitter. That's our emitter that's going out there so we need the collector of the other transistor, one of these, which we want to be in here like this. More is pretty down close as we can to it. This is basically going to go like this, but the other way around. We need to be able to have access to it so we can actually put the transistors in like this because you remember we've got to get this onto a heatsink. But we're going to build up this on the side first and carry on down the way with that. Okay, let me just double check one thing. Yep, we're good. So let's just have a look and see where we are. So we have this connected here. We're about to solder this and the top end, this end, wants to go on to this connection coming through here. This is from the 22K all the way through. It's got some connectors onto it. It's the 100 microfarads. It's all the way through to this end of this resistor, but on this side of the resistor, this side, we also need to get the collector of our main output transistors. That's going to be done the same on the other side. See? All right. So we need to be thinking about connecting this and how we're going to get this connected to that. So if I just get through here and connect this in the first place, we've still got all this area that we can take off that next transistor. I think we may be taking some sort of connection up like this, but we'll see first. We'll see first. Let's just put that there. Let's get this one connected while we're thinking about it. That's definitely going that way, isn't it? Yep. This is our 22K here. This is the drawing from the capacitor. This is travelling up through here, which will eventually, this is going to connect onto that 22. We'll look at the end there. Now, we also want to get another one in here, but let's get this side sorted out. Let's see what it looks like so far. There you go. Not as neat as it could have been. I made a mistake in there, didn't I? There's the underside so far. Right. Let's work on this other side then now. Just so we can keep everything going up nice and neatly. Right. This here's our 546, and we have this here. This is for biasing and currenting, and now we need this for the driver side. Out of the collector, the collector of this, we want a connection to the base of this base collector emitter. I'm not going to remember which one this is, so this is our base. Let's just see if we just pop that in round about the same, so the level is if we can do it. The other one is just for neatness. That's about right. We want to be able to go our base down there, but we're going to make sure we don't run into anything else. That's our collector that's going onto that one. One K there, yes. So our base is going to go down there, and then our emitter is going to come to the other resistor. So let's just put that in just to place it in there. Now should we do it that way round or this way round? Decisions, decisions. Let's just do it this way round. We're going to be about the same sort of distancing. So just to keep things looking neat. One two, one two, one two, one two, one two. Because again this will be meeting this down here, and they're going to be joining that so we can just put that there for now. Again we want to bring the base back then. Because that, yes, because the emitter, base collector, and then the emitter. Oh, you're darn it. Two, two, two, two, two. Yes, so our base collector emitter, so let's just make sure we get this right way round. Our emitter wants to be going either the front or the back because we've got to get the emitter. Unless I put that in that way round, then what will happen if I do it like that? Then we'll have to have base, the collector can go backwards that way, and the emitter can go this way. And the base can go backwards. Now is that a big problem? I don't suppose it is. If that were to go in like that. That's such a big issue isn't it? Because then at least then I've only got to move out the base and then the collector can still go that way. Or if it was that way round just to make it look nice and symmetrical, the base has to come back. And then the collector emitter needs to be crisp over each other. Can be done, but let's do it this way. Let's do it this way, so let's just bend one of these for the base. I'm keeping in mind that the emitter is going to go this way. It's got a connector here, base collector emitter, and the collector is going to go behind it onto the 2.2. So I'm just going to bend this one back a little tiny bit. I'll bend it here. We don't want it to go too far back because we don't want to make it look too. How's your father and all over the place? So let's see if we can do this. Remembering base collector emitter. Let's not get this all round this time. If I put this in, secondary in there on the third round, I'll do that like that then. Probably go a little bit closer to that as the base is going to be connected down here. The emitter is going to be there, so that's nicely going to be neat. It's a bit hard for me to see. I can't forget that's what I use this thing for. So this really is running down the third, so I want this doing the same thing. So if I can have that there, it doesn't have to be as faffing about symmetrical as well. I'm trying to do it. The collector is going after that, and it's also going to this. It doesn't have to be as faffing about. This is just me. This is just the way I am. I want it to look. You know, equal. Does it really matter? No. So the emitter, so we've got our base. Base is coming down here to connect to this. That wants to be. I'm going to connect it up to this bit here on the base. The collector side is going to be going off to this. So we can bend that down to there. The emitter side is going... The emitter side is going... I had to get that right the wrong way round. Sorry, I didn't, did I? Let's do it again. Base collector. So the collector is going off to this side, because that collector is going to go on to 220 ohms to this negative rail. A positive rail, sorry. And the collector side, which is this. The collector side base collector is going there. The emitter is going on to here. I've got to get these things right, but it's all right. So the base collector, the emitter. I'm just going to round there. There you go. I'm just going to double check. Double check, double check. So base collector is going to 220 ohms. And the emitter, base collector emitter, because there was some room in close, is going to the bottom part of the resistor. All right, let's get those tacked in. Do you know how I prefer to spend five hours building this thing? And spend twice as long taking apart a mistake. Because that's what ends up happening. If you make a mistake, it takes a lot longer to sort that out than it does if you just double check, triple check. A lot longer. Right, we need to connect between these two here now. Bit of a jump thing, so I'm going to get a good old, good old bit of solder there. Quite done it. Old bit of solder. Here we go. We want a 220 ohms going up to the positive side here. Right place, and let's get that 220. That's supposed to be the 220, isn't it? Two reds, two blacks at a brown. Directly from underneath. Directly from there, look. From this one here. And then underneath, I'll go to here. Up to there. When I heard the banging from downstairs, I went down and just been able to see lots of banging. I said, no, no, no. The electrician was there. Of course. It was banging. Put is gone now. I managed to get something to eat. All right, so we're up to the 220s and we're up to the basis of these. So we're at the basis of this here. We're at the base of this here. Now this is the power transistor, because it is the 220. Now between the, oh dear, I could have probably left a bit more space there, but never mind. That's where the power transistor is going to come off. Now this is where it might look a bit messy. So let's just check which one we got there. I may as well just stay on this side for now so it's more complicated if I had a little touch it up and probably move this over one little thing. But it's going to make no difference. It's going to make no difference. It's going to make a nice connection, actually. So this is the 34. And this is the completely different one. There's a new one. There's a new one. I said, what am I looking at? Yes. This is for the other channel. I am looking at the correct ones. I'm just not got my eyeballs in probably. So we want the 4302. 4302. So this is the correct one. Now let's just check what the base emitter collector is. Just in case. Just in case. Now these are not going to fit in. I'm going to have to drill through these to make these a bit bigger with something. I've got a poegy thing that I might just bring the drill in. Right, that's the PMP. Is that correct? Yes it is. And we've got again base collector emitter this time. It's a number one. It's the base and then we've got the collector and the emitter. You're checking. Hentai. You're going upstairs, mister. Are you going to put the bin out and is it the blue bin tomorrow as well? Yes, for the first part. And I don't know, I'll have to look. I'll have to look on the piece of paper. I'll put them in while I'm making a video at the moment. But I'll do it later if it's those bins tomorrow. If it's what's already there. The blue bin's already there so I'll just turn it. That's okay. I don't remember if it's as in the blue tomorrow. It's here anyway but I was just asking a question. All right, okay. For the other one if it is, I'll bring it round. No that's all right. I've got no idea what to say. People don't need to know. Right. What were we doing now? What were we doing? We've placed collector and emitter on this one, are we? Base collector and emitter, yes. Base collector and emitter. All right. I should write that down if I want to. Base collector and emitter. So this wants to be like this. It's got to be pretty much close to the end because all this stuff works. Now let's have a little look. The base is going to be coming out down this way. The collector is going to be going this way because the collector wants to join on to the emitter of this. So this is where we're going to make sure we get everything right. All right. And then they are going to join to the underside of here. So where that is here, this bottom part here, I've got to get this to connect to it. I've got to get the emitter part of this base collector emitter. All right to connect there because this was base collector. No, it wasn't. This was... Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Doesn't matter. Ah, there we go. I'm looking at the wrong one. I'm looking at the wrong one. So let's have a look. So this is where we are now. But this is going to be going on to the bottom side of here still. The same way as it is going to be on here. So this is going to come down to this base collector emitter, right? So the emitter then wants to go this side. But we can't turn this around this time because the heatsink is going to be coming across the back here. And the closest we can have that in. Because this is all right. I mean, I know this looks like it might be a problem, but it's not going to be a problem because even though this is going to be here, we can have this sort of here, but just wired around. As long as it's on the right side of it, as long as it's on this side of the rail, it doesn't make any difference. So we can have it here, but on this side of the rail. So base collector emitter, right? And here's our emitter here. So yeah, that does want to be coming off here and then coming down here. The collector side wants to be coming to this side of this resistor. And the base wants to be coming down to the emitter on here. Sorry, to the collector on this side. So there's the collector part there. So the base wants to come down on here. So we need to make a track down here. There'll be heavier, obviously, because they're going to be wanting some juice. But the nice thing about it is they'll be taking their juice directly from here. They'll be from this part of the rail here, the same as on here. They'll be getting it from here. And negative. So they'll be taking it from there. Positive onion. Yeah, because it didn't matter how I did this last time. To be honest with you, it can be so close together as well. All right, so let's do this then. Base collector emitter. Now, what I thought about was I thought about putting them in these. One, so it's easier to swap them out. Two, so it's easy to actually do this like this. So should I ocean tide? That is the question. I'm going to ask myself here now. Is this the way to do it? Or is this not the way to do it? Base collector emitter. Yeah, because now I can just bend them up and put them on the heat shrink. They pop. They're easy to take out and swap out. I don't want to try it on the power test and that with other transistors like this, but not these ones. It can fath around and turn into an experimental board. That could be the way to go. So, let's keep an eye on this then. So we've got our base collector emitter. So the first one is our base and that one wants to come down. The first one is the base. And that one wants to come down to the collector at this side between here and here. So this base wants to come down to this junction on here. So it's basically here. So that, this one to here. What I think I'm going to do is I'm going to use... No, I'm just going to solder it like that. I think that's going to be easier in the long run. I might just get a couple of resistors so I can just nab all the leads off them. I'm just going to use some carbon resistors that I'm probably not going to use for anything anyway. But they've got thicker leads on them. That just makes life a little bit easier at the get-go. I've got quite a few of them so it doesn't really matter. I'm just donating them. Base, torture, here we go on to the right place. Bees, it's going to go to the place. Something like this. I'm just trying to keep it sort of neatish. I did use that a little tiny. A little tiny clamp I'd use for doing this. Keep it on, but it'll get by without it. It'll get by without it. That was just a little tiny bit of hungering. Just make sure we're going in the right place there. That's the other side of the resistor. This is the good side of where we want to be. Goodie, goodie. I'll just take it down here. This is actually going to be heavyed up. Just for the minute. I'll get it tucked in place in a few places so it doesn't come apart. That's just that for now. That's pushed in. I may have been doing the right thing putting them on here like this, but we'll see. What's the worst thing that can happen? Right, so there's our base. Now we've got the collector. The collector will just remind us. That's a good idea. My collector is coming down to our emitter side here, and then coming down to the bottom half of this. It's a base collector. That wants to come down here because our emitter has done this right. Is there? That's coming down to that already. All we're going to do then is just bring this down to here. We'll get it right onto that. It really wants to be on the emitter side first. We'll get it here and it'll be fine. Again, we're going to use... I'm just getting this sticky off when they've been in the paper. This time we're going to give up a little bit fancier experts. We want this to be here. Let's just pin this on here. I want it to get as close to the emitter as I possibly can. Nicely done there. Darn it. Never mind. Never mind. Now we want to go across here. So how are we going to do this? I want to try and do this so we're not taking up too much space anywhere. Because we still need some real estate on here for the other components. Remember we've got those? Capacitors need to go on here. Let's put that back there. Lovely, chubbly. Here's my solder. Let's just get it a little tiny. By the time I've finished the LEDs, they'll all look like this. Nice and plenty of conductive. I mean maybe I should be using copper or something, but to be honest with you, it's not really made much difference on the last build of this. I'm just doing it the same way. I was actually going to get one so I could keep a check on what I was doing for space and stuff, but I did the first one without having that privilege. I just have to do the second one. Can't have three hands. I'd be quite good to have three hands now. But I've not got them. There we go. Let's get this one up. See if I've got to use the wire from here. I wouldn't be able to make this thicker. Right, base collector emitter. Now, the emitter is going out to where? The emitter is going out to the rail. So that can come up and around. Up and around too far off. What we don't want it to do, of course, is... No, that's fine. Look at that. Not beautiful. Ish. I might have to nip the ends of that because I'm going to be running the leads down here. Just for now, base collector emitter. The emitter is definitely going to the rail. It definitely is. All this, especially on this emitter, this will have to be super thick. Well, not super thick, but thicker than the others so much. Let's just leave that like that for now. I'll just nip off the end of this because that won't be needed. That won't be needed because I'll be running that wire down there. OK, and this will get leveled out. I'll nip this off anyway because that doesn't need to be there. Try and take anything with spikes away. If there's any of those, it could be used as an antenna for picking up interference. When we do anything like that, these are not quite in the same one, are they? So we'll have to do something about that. To keep things pretty. So just make sure there's a little tiny gap. There'll have to be massive gap. We just want a little tiny gap between those. There you go. Beautiful. Right, so. Now, let's have a look for the bypass capacitors. And let's just stick our knees up slightly while we're at it. Oh, I didn't put on the extractor. I'm so naughty. I mean, I've got one there, but I might have to make it a bit smaller. It's a bit big, it's a bit noisy. It does amazing when it's that big and noisy. And across nice. Seeing the sort of thickness of track we want. A bit thicker up here. When it's cooled off a bit. Look at that. It doesn't matter just not so good for neatness and running it off these ends. Let it all cool down a bit first before we start adjusting it any more. Right, now let's just make sure we can get in our bypass. Remember, it's just got to go to the rail. I mean, it doesn't really matter if it's after this, but it'd be nice if it is. I wouldn't do it like that before. I just did it on this side because they're going to be so close, basically attached to it. On the emitter side of this. It's just 100 microfarad and 100 nanofarad to get that. One of these and one of these. So on the 100 mic we want the positive. The positive to be going to the positive. Doesn't seem right, does it? We're going to do that by going here. So we do it down there. Actually just avoid these. Now the positive is going to be going to that output there. So that will go up here. And a negative is just going to be going to ground. So this is where I'll be putting the hole. Somewhere in here so that I make sure I leave enough room to drill a hole. There's my finger. I'll just put some through where my finger is. That's where my finger is. So that's probably where the hole is going to go. So yeah, in here is where I'm going to do the hole. So I can have a cable coming out of the ground that you see on here. You see one here, one here, one here and one here. They will all be being brought together. So you'll have a cable coming from here, a cable coming from here, a cable coming from here, a cable coming from here and they'll all come together to one as a star ground to make sure that we're not introducing anything else into it. It's just going to be direct rounds coming out. And then just bridging this. We're going to be using our 100 nanofarads, a wee ma here. I wonder if I should just make that a bit closer because this is all, it looks quite close, close fit, doesn't it? So I wonder if really I should take that out of there because I can bridge across the top of here and our negative is really going to the ground here and our positive is going to. So if I come out on the other side of here, let's say, it doesn't matter where it is, if I come out here, that gets me really right onto and then this is going to be going to ground. Right, so if I just get one up here and I thought I could drill, I'll go one closer and now I keep that away from it and I can drill here. I'll just drill here then, fair enough. And then this of course is going to bridge that as well. So this is going to go across here. Now I could put it on the bottom but I'm not going to what we're going to do. So we're just going to make that like that. Make that like that so we've got a good old span and go through here and go through here as close as we can, like that. Of course there's only one problem with doing it like that so I don't quite have enough room to put up there. Is that enough room now? I don't want it sat right on top but they're on top of the transistor even though they don't get terribly hot. So yes, so this is negative so it is going to ground wherever I drill that through and this is going to be here. So if I can just get that just to sit down a bit meter like that, perfect. And then all I've got to do is get this to go through close as I can there and probably about there. Then I can try and drill in the middle of those two. Perfect. I've got that for now. Is there going to be touching there? And I need to drill a hole in here just to make sure I can fit in my cables. These are not going to get warm really so it doesn't matter if they're rare. Touching. So there's the one side and there's where the transistor is going to be. There's the one side. Now, yes, this is after the transistor and it looks like these should be before the transistor on the coupling, on the air. On the air. I don't know what it's called. It's gone flat. But it will be fine. It will be fine. It's how we've done it on the other one and the other one doesn't have a problem at all. It will be fine. And if it makes a difference it's going to be so marginal and that one's really going to know. Let me just, because that will just annoy me because it's about at that angle and if I just do that to the air like this can we get it at that angle instead? Let me see if I can go there.  Do all the grounds afterwards. Okay, okay. We're looking good. We are looking good. Just push that down. All right, so for another one of those close-ups so far what we got. By the time we've got a bit of bend on those transistors that'll be just right for the heatsink to sit on the end of here just so it holds its weight through here is where I'll just put a few holes just so I can put stand-offs there so that always stays off the ground. Off the floor, not the ground there. Right, let's do the next one. Okay, so again let's sort of try to think about keeping it a bit symmetrical just because it just looks nice like that. I'll just work everything to it like that. Is that right? Sorry if I just whacked the mic then right, let's dig in the next one forward, shall we? Yep, it's got to be the same thing otherwise it's going to be wrong going on the heatsink. Okey-dokey, right. Now we want that driver there. Again, we're going to use this bit of real estate for the same thing on this side but we've got a little bit more going on over here actually we've got an extra 100 nano so we've got our 100 mic there we've got 100 nano then we've got another 100 nano going to the 10 ohm half-watt resistor which is from our output again. Right, so we don't want to get that wrong there. Alright, let's have a look at that again so once again we're talking base collector emitter Just check, honestly it's best to check now I'd prefer to check 100 times and cut these bits out or I'd prefer to check 100 times and emphasise how important it is to check. I've made mistakes before and I realise that it takes a lot longer to rectify those mistakes and it does just keep checking in the first place. So, base collector emitter Good, as we thought Suspected. So, now let's just check out see where our base is going so our base is coming down to this junction point here so we're going to have that come straight down here. Alright, so we'll do that one first because that's where it joins our base joins the 220 there between the collector, the puff and the resistor, yeah? The collector off here, the puff and resistor here and there, so we can put that straight in knowing that we're going to get this right going straight down there Perfect, so I've got some things here Neatness. So we've got our base I'm just going to join that there now I mean, the base doesn't really need that much solder on it to be honest with you but it's doing the small part of work but if it's still base collector emitter so let's just not take your eyes off the ball here our base has gone down a remitter, base collector emitter, nice one our emitter's just got to come out here to the rail nice and easy, easy peasy I'll use this thicker wire anyway just because I need it it's very hard to see these much easier like this so I don't need all of it having this crap on stuff when they're off the tape stuff the ammo tape stuff when you're doing your socket board prototyping so your socket boards can get messed up but it's sticky sticking inside them when you're putting these things in and out our base collector now our collector is going to the emitter and is going to the bottom of the resistor here so I think that's going to come around down our collector here and our base collector emitter the emitter is going to just join here which is then also connecting to here so we can go and join it directly there you see there what I mean is this is our base collector emitter so we're going to bring this out rather than going across anything we're going to bring this out around and then down and connect here at the bottom of this because if you look here there's the bottom of this resistor the top end is these so this is the bottom of the resistor and this is where our collector needs to come out and connect the emitter here so we can just basically join that there base collector let me just double check base collector so that just saves any mess in the belt and more than we're going to do it anyway now you know if you think well then I'll just join these up with groups of solder but yeah that's fair enough you can say that and if you're more patient than me that's a good way to go but what I found is that a lot of the time when you're doing it without a piece of wire in there you end up with the gaps and then you've got to keep trying to bridge the gap keep trying to bridge the gap if you get that there that's doing it for you anyway so it just takes out some of that some of the pain of it so that is where that is straight onto the base of that resistor and I think that's how we're going to go like that yep so it can be nice and clean up and around them perfect and as long as you don't get it well solded there's going to be enough that you don't get really resistance there apart from what's going to be there anyway it's a piece may need a whole new yep may need a new another one what I got there earlier it's quite clean on the ends as well most of it will burn into the solder well let's just pull this off this end there's those twisted and because of the length of this we might be able to get this just fitting right if we're in tight enough just fitting right if we're in tight enough so we get that to go into there there it is which procedure is that right behind me but I don't know which one I'm getting quite excited now it's getting there I'm going to have to break this into two videos it's got to be a couple of hours now this soldering I think that's a bit of a mess but that's what it takes it takes a bit of patience and you don't want to just set yourself an hour or two good few hours if you're doing it at least then you don't have to rush it I think there's any real reason to rush it down to us there we're at the wrong part who's a silly sausage who's a silly sausage honestly honestly what am I doing what am I doing why isn't there anybody telling me I'm going on the wrong one I can imagine some of you is watching it shouting you're doing it on the wrong one you're why let me just there clean that just to make sure that we don't have any problems with that a little bit there it's just there no it should be alright it's not touching there I'll do a check on it anyway cut it if I have to where that going go on an income pooper there we go I think it's worth putting the mistakes and as well I think it's worth cutting the mistakes out because you know you're better off seeing that even with the confidence of building it in the first place mistakes are still made it's just good to recognise when it happens to do something about it oh I just got a shock from the end let's do it there let's do the electrical one immune system if I can just bend that down a little bit I'll leave that just overlapping there I don't see why shouldn't if I can just get that to bend into that there there you go double check here there we go tack it here then I'll just do a quick conductivity check just to make sure that's not cos it's the base collector emitter right base collector emitter yes yes yes the collector's going out that the collector's going out to the base of that which is correct because that is the base of the bottom part of the resistor right now we're just going to do our little three capacitor combination I think there now let's just get that quick little I don't know if you can tell my bryment man when it comes to these things I like them so let's just check this one here make sure there's no connection here and there isn't because you've got a nice space between there and there and there's a space between there itself electrical fact I think that one works better for doing that than the than the than this one maybe some of you got experience with it you can let me know okay let's let's get those capacitors in let's get this is still going to be thickened up okay the source is still going to be thickened up and I still have to run the cables down here but that's not such a big thing right there we go we want these three here and we also want this these are the last of our components these four components left sorry about that four components left and that is the 10 come here the 10m resistor this 100nF there and 100nF there and then we've got bridging 100nF so we've got that 10 100 micro card so now this is basically our output connected to that so because our output is going to come out of here and we need to connect one of these to it so let's just let's just look at this for a second and see how we're going to do that but we know that we need to have this here alright so we also know we need it to connect to the end one of these and we need that to connect to the end of the other one dum and then round the back of it we can have that so we're going to do this on a bit of a thing in here so we can keep this capacitor in here as well alright so and we also need a hole for our ground so let's say if we go from here to here let's do a little check on that it can't be anywhere where the heat sink is going to come into contact with the heat sink it could do it because it's a half watt of a little bit of space so it can breathe so I'll just stick that down there for now now yep that could work because it just means that from there now we're here we're going to go to this 100 nanofarad and that can now bridge that table we can see underneath so I'll just pull those off and we'll go from just give us a bit more space I think we're going to go from there to there with one of the 100 nanofarads because I'm on either side of here these two are connected here now we need to connect another 100 nanofarad to here which is basically then going to be anti-negative 35 volts so that let's put it so we can see it that can go from there to there beautifully and then we need this which is going to come round to the other side of this 100 nanofarad it doesn't have to go around the other side of this one it needs to go around the other side of here so let's just see where we've got that connection here and is there space we just have to chuck that in and there is it seems and then we're coming down to there with the positive side towards 100 nanofarad negative side towards this negative here strike is that it towards our negative so we're going to just pop that in I suppose it's as good as places any round about there I think right there so yeah so we're going to connect from there so as long as those two are connected together there which they will be because we can just bring this down to there and bring that down put that leaf there I think put that down to there so those two are connected where they want to be and then this one and this one is there's our those two what's this that's the that capacitor which is supposed to be connected here so we've got one capacitor there we've got that capacitor there and that capacitor there so that's sitting between those two capacitors but it still wants to be connected there yes yes so it's sitting between the two capacitors now this is where we might have a bit of a problem what's that there that's that one so that wants to be there that one's the other one right yes that's all good so all these three are on the same place here so if I just pull that down push that down and pull that down there and these two are going to be connected together there right let me just show you what's going on there now it looks a bit messy and a bit complicated in fact if I slip everything away and show you my back so I'll just get rid of that because we need to think and this look we're all going together here so I just take that off there take that off there and get rid of that and if I push this down push that down like that try and keep it looking neat if I can and then we've just got these two to connect here so let me stay like that that can go like that let me just nip those off and I'll show you what I've done we've created it afterwards if I've made that too short okay so so what we've got then is we've got this capacitor he's joined he's joined in the middle of these two and that's here so we've basically got them two connected there the two smaller ones the two hundred nanos and then our electrolytic connected to them there so that's joined in the middle that's what we want that and on the other side we've got this side of the hundred nano connected to this this side of the this side of the hundred nano connected to this half watt just want to give it a bit of space I don't want it to be too connected to these because these get warm and there's half watt and we don't want it to get too warm there and then that is connected to the other side there of this capacitor so that is all correct like that so what we're going to do now is just tack those down and of course that capacitor comes off to the negative side to the negative round with this lead here I hope you can see that it probably looks a bit confusing but well it's not too bad really get that back in here these things really do help especially if they're a bit tighter that's got some pressure I won't come out again okay just in case you find the long there so yes where it's connected there we've got the one end connected in between the two basically just moving this trace down here this track down here and those two connect together in the one end coming out to that 10 ohm easy peasy easy peasy but look at this look I mean this is just about done just about done oh my god do we do the test today or the test tomorrow the test later on get this video edited and put up it's a couple of hours long so I might just put it into another two pieces I didn't say it would take two or three pieces it's not a quick job really this not really, not when you want to check and double check and hopefully that will pay off when we come to connecting it up there's a whole routine there's a whole protocol to connecting up as well to powering up for the first time so it's not as though we just bang it on now we've got a few things to set up these two like this let me just double check again that's how I'm going to be giving that a bit of space I've got a bit of space there you see for that push these down pretty flat for the thickness getting quite excited now excited at the start up and then put all the trouble on the computer oh I've still got to sort that out as well ok and then like I said I want this up a little bit here because I just want it to stay away from these I do expect these two other resistors to get warm what I'm going to do is I'm just going to bend that and leave this bit of lead on here like that just for now see there's a method in that matter just later on in the game and then just solder these electrically connecting wise when they're up there we've just got to run our power leads down put our grounds in thicken up some of these when they need to go but what I'll do is I'll do that off camera or I can get that ready but I think on the power up we might put the grounds in then because I feel like I could do another little rest it's only just to make sure I keep concentration I don't I don't don't mess anything up so I'm just doing it for neatness so there we go I mean that's that is basically what we've got here now it takes a bit of time to get there but it's well worth it look around the other side like I said darling each side here we're going to run the positive and negative down here we'll be taking the ground during the zero point from where I said I'll drill through or just use a tool to but I'll probably just drill it because it's going to be easy I've got some little tiny drill bits and I've got a I did it the last time I did it if I showed you but with a hand drill the old type hand drills and I didn't even have one of these one of these holders and so I'm trying to do it when I wind up drill yeah that was fun but this is a bit different though I've got a and we can do it like that so that's it guys that's as far as we get to this bit on here okay I was going to show you once there in any way but I'll do that on the power-up video because there's going to be a power-up video and that's when we can go from the power-up just going through powering it up and because it's not straightforward you can't just chuck a power onto this now and expect it to work correctly make sure this this it's set up correctly for our bias and for our quiescent current because if that comes on full blast we're in trouble if it comes on too high we're in trouble and we'll just pop out the transistors and make sure we get that set up properly yeah it'd be easy enough to put transistors in and screw them down and put the heat shrink on and just clamp it for now this time round I may even drill it and drill them in rather than just clamping them with big old clamps but yep so right look this is I'm going to think this is going to be part 3 I'm not sure let's see how it goes on and see what I can cut out but I don't want to leave anything out really apart from where I've disappeared off downstairs towards the neighbours or come to the toilet and such I'll cut those bits out of course but I don't want it to be too long but yeah so I'm hoping you get a look at this because it was asked for a bit close up it's not that easy to do it with the camera itself just because the camera itself is it's got several different lenses on the back and it just shifts off wherever out here if I zoom in again it'll be over here then it'll be zooming in on not on here and that's a pain when you're working down here like this but still it's a good little camera so there you go that's what it looks like that's what it looks like set up pretty much ready to go from what we've spoken about already right if you got this far, fair play to you thank you so much for sticking with it and well I'll see you in the power-up video


So, we can look at problem number 1 in compressible flow which is C f 1. So, what is given here is that there is a sound wave front across which the pressure rise is 30 Pascal and this sound wave front moves into stationary air which is at temperature 300 Kelvin and pressure of 101 kilo Pascal. And you have to calculate the or estimate the velocity induced in air and the temperature change across this way. So, let me just draw a very simple sketch to show what is given. We have this sound wave front which is moving with the speed A. The pressure is 101 Pascal, kilo Pascal rather ahead of the wave and the temperature is 300 Kelvin ahead of the wave and across the wave delta P is given as 30 Pascal. There is a small increase in pressure as we have seen earlier in the lecture delta P that is given equal to 30 Pascal. And what we have to find out is what is the velocity that is induced here. So, velocity induced and also the temperature change across the wave. These are the two things that are required to be found. So, one way of doing this is as follows. So, A the speed of this sound wave can be found out using square root of gamma RT which is square root of 1.4 R for air is 287 and the temperature is given as 300 Kelvin rather. So, once this is known you can find out the speed with which this sound wave is moving. So, that is first part and if you recall we had A squared equal to delta P divided by delta rho. This was our expression that we had obtained earlier. Now, this delta P is given as 30 Pascal and this A square is something that we can find as above. And therefore, the first thing that you can determine is change in the density delta rho. That is first thing that you can do and then use the mass balance equation which will give you delta V equal to A times delta rho divided by rho and this rho is to be calculated as P over RT and that pressure is 101 kilo Pascal R is again 287 and P is 300. So, this is the density rho of the air into which this sound wave is moving. This is and now you have everything delta rho is calculated up here rho is calculated using our ideal equation gas equation and the speed of sound is also calculated directly using the expression square root of gamma RT right here. And therefore, this will give you the velocity that is induced in air behind the sound wave. Now, the way to interpret this is the following that we have this sound wave which is moving with the speed of A here it is 0 velocity stagnant air and behind is what we induce this velocity given by delta V that is first part. The second part is to calculate the change in the temperature delta T across the wave. So, one way of doing this is you can use the energy equation which was the change in the enthalpy equal to A times the velocity induced and this is simply C P multiplied by delta T equal to A times delta V. So, if you know the specific heat of air you are done because both the speed of the wave and the velocity induced have already been calculated. This is one way of calculating it else you can use P equal to constant times rho raise to gamma between 1 and 2 where 1 is the condition ahead of the wave and 2 is the condition behind the wave. So, P 1 here is 101 kilo Pascal P 2 is given as 101 kPa plus 30 Pascal density you can calculate here using which you can calculate the density here and then once you have the calculated density here you can calculate using these two values the temperature here and knowing the temperature T 1 you can find out delta T equal to T 2 minus T 1. The reason I am pointing out this another way of doing this calculation is because if you perform it these in these two different manners you will see that there is a slight difference in the values that you obtain and I would like actually for you to think about why this little bit difference should exist between the calculations done in one manner and done in some other manner. So, please think about what could be the reason and we can discuss this order discuss that also in a later session if you want. So, this was the first problem I told in the lecture that you can solve up to problem C f 0.7 with the material that we have covered today in the lecture. So, let me go directly to C f 7. So, there are two parts to this problem again. So, here we are dealing with a shock wave across which the pressure ratio is 1.15. So, we have a shock wave with P 2 over P 1 equal to 1.15 and it moves down the duct into still air which is at a pressure of 50 kilo Pascal and 300 Kelvin. So, what we have is this shock wave moving. Now, let me use the symbol C for the speed of the shock it is not a sound wave remember and P 1 here is given as 50 kilo Pascal P 1 is 300 Kelvin and P 2 over P 1 is given directly 1.15. So, P 2 is simply 50 multiplied by 1.15 kilo Pascal and here the velocity is 0 ahead of the wave. What you are asked to find is the temperature and velocity behind the shock wave. So, P 2 and velocity. So, the first part is pretty straight forward the calculation of temperature. You can use the Rankine Eugonio relation which is basically a ratio of T 2 over T 1 as a function of P 2 over P 1 and gamma and the shock pressure ratio or the shock strength P 2 over P 1 is given as 1.15 and this gamma is for air 1.4. So, using this you can directly obtain this ratio T 2 over T 1 and the once you know the ratio T 2 over T 1 since T 1 is provided you will get temperature T 2. So, this will provide you T 2 since T 1 is given. So, that was it. For the second part what you can do is let me redraw this picture. So, we have the shock moving with the speed C. We have P 1 T 1 v equal to 0 P 2 T 2. Let me write it only this much right now. So, this picture is drawn in a lab coordinate system. What we mean by this is that we are basically sitting in this lab coordinate system and we are watching the shock wave move past us with a speed of C in still or stagnant air which is at conditions P 1 and T 1. So, usually what can be done to solve these problems is to analyze these kinds of situations from a shock coordinate system as what we had done in the analysis in the lecture which basically means that we want to make the shock steady, attach the coordinate system to the shock and from that coordinate system which is attached to the shock perform the analysis. So, to do that instead of this what we have is you basically add a component C in the opposite direction to everywhere then what will happen is this shock becomes steady and let there be some velocity v 2 earlier which now you can call as C minus v 2. This is the way you can analyze the problem and now since all conditions are given it is also given that the pressure ratio is 1.15 which means that the P 2 and T 2 values can be found. Once you analyze it in this fashion you can determine what is the velocity v 2 behind the shock. One other way of doing this is use the shock tables which have been provided to you. So, what can be done is that using the shock pressure ratio which is P 2 over P 1 you can read out what Mach number this P 2 over P 1 corresponds to and this will require most likely some interpolation within your shock table which is exactly similar as what you would do for example, if you are using the steam tables. So, the interpolation process is exactly the same and once you have determined what is the upstream Mach number now remember this upstream Mach number is with respect to the shock. So, once you have determined the upstream Mach number with respect to the shock here is what we have this is M 1 P 1 T 1 P 1 and T 1 known you can also calculate rho 1 if you want and once you know this M 1 using the normal shock tables you can immediately find out M 2. So, this is with the shock tables P 2 is anyway given to you T 2 is something that you found from part 1 of this problem rho 2 is something that you can obviously find out once you know P 2 and T 2 once you know all these quantities you can find out V 2 which is the velocity of the flow post shock or behind the shock, but with respect to the shock. So, with respect to the shock we will see this velocity V 2 here is what we have V 1 which is with respect to the shock. So, now once you have found the velocity with respect to the shock what you can do is you can remove this coordinate system from where it is attached to the shock and make it again the lab coordinate system. So, revert to the lab coordinate system and in doing so what you are basically doing is you are adding a component of C which is the speed of the shock into each of these velocity components to the right. So, what is this C? M 1 is simply V 1 divided by A 1 and C is simply M 1 times A 1 which is essentially the velocity V 1. So, using this then you can calculate in part 2 what is given is that this shock is not really moving in still air, but it is moving in air which has a bulk velocity of 100 meters per second which is toward the shock. The pressure ratio is still given as 1.15. Again in this case what you can do is you can analyze the problem from the shock coordinate system. So, what we have here is the shock to which the coordinate system is attached and what we will have is then 100 meters per second plus the speed of the shock itself and C minus the V induced P 1 T 1 which will give you rho 1 and P 2 equal to 1.15 times P 1 as the pressure increase across the shock. T 2 is again exactly calculated in the same manner as what you did earlier using the Rankine Eugonio relations and using this set then you can calculate V induced. So, the bottom line or one of the most important tip that you can utilize is that usually analyze the problem coordinate system which simply means that the shock is made stationary. You can use the normal shock tables in which case the entire problem can be solved in terms of an upstream Mach number M 1 with respect to the shock. With this the remaining problems between CF 1 and CF 7 that is the CF 2 to CF 6 you can try to solve the only sort of let us say involved problem amongst CF 2 to CF 6 is probably CF 2 which involves determining the speed of sound for a gas that obeys the Van der Waals equation of state and the important part in that first. So, in that second problem is the very first part which is requiring that you have to show that the dp d rho partial derivative of pressure with respect to density at constant entropy is equal to gamma times partial derivative of pressure with respect to density at constant temperature. So, if you are able to show that using the thermodynamic property relations that you have gone through last week. The second part then simply involves using the Van der Waals equation of state to calculate this dp d rho at constant temperature and simply multiplying that by gamma to obtain the speed of sound for a gas which obeys the Van der Waals equation. So, I think CF 2 is something that I suppose will take a little bit of effort, but CF 3 to CF 6 should be fairly straight forward once you go through what we have just discussed in the first problem and the seventh problem. Thank you.


Hello everyone, I am Bill Trinen. Hey, Nate Bildorf. We are here from Nintendo's Treehouse to give the world its next look at the Legend of Zelda Breath of the Wild. And we are on a quest trying to find a shrine, a particular shrine. And here we have Cass, and he is a minstrel who travels around in Hyrule. And he's asking if we want to hear an ancient verse passed down in this region. Yeah. And as minstrels are wont to do, he's going to sing to us. Fire up the accordion where the dragon's mouth meets the serpent's jaws. Shrine sleeps in the forest of normal cost. Okay, we got this. That's the serpent's head right there. Good spotting, Nate. It seems to be pointing this way, so I'm going to head over here. It's a nice sunny patch. Oh. Don't let him do that thing. He did that thing. In general, I think two-handed weapons like claymores and axes aren't great for fighting these dudes. Oh, man. Oh, no. Get yourself together. You probably need a snack on something. Yeah, which is, it's handy to have snacks.  Yeah, right there at the serpent's head. I bet we go into that cave. Oh, sorry. That one's done. Oh. Bill, Bill, Bill, Bill.  Okay. I'm classically trained for this. Take a smarter run here. I think charging headlong into a bunch of guys with electric arrows is not the way to go. Let's explore our stealth option. You're running out of arrows. Never. Just so you know, you were down to two arrows. Oh, there you go. Is there anybody else? Yeah, we have this giant dude right there. Okay. Into the mouth of the beast you go. This guy seems really big. Yep. Oh. So the other thing about that was the falsest, they've got chameleon-like powers. He was lashing his tongue out. Nice blurry rush. Yep. Your sword just broke. No problem, no problem. Throw that, throw that. There you go. Boom. And he's done. I mean, he looks angry, right? Well, you've got what he does.  I'm going to start this guy up with a little bombage. Oh, that's it. Just walking in a little trap, buddy. Nope. He's too smart. Is he avoiding that? Yeah, he is. You... What the... You're dealing with... Here, eat that one. Nope. Fine, fine. You're going to have to face him. Oh, boy. He's got a little swing. He did not stay down for long. He's going to do now. Dang. Oh. Oh. Please don't get back up. Grab his weapon. Is it wrong to hit him in the back? I don't think it is. He's way bigger than that. Oh, to claim my just reward. There we go. I think this... You can see it. Let's go in. No, no. We need to save a few surprises. It's right there. There's something awesome right there. It's glowing. It's part of the dragon's mouth. But I think we're going to end our shrine quest here. I hope everyone is looking forward to the Legend of Zelda Breath of the Wild. It'll be releasing in 2017 on both Wii U and the all-new Nintendo Switch. Hope you're looking forward to it. I sure am. Thank you. Bye.