Well, hello everybody, I hope you all had a very good lunch, so I am going to be talking about open source in neuroimaging, so I'm going to skid him off, but hopefully quite a bit of a disclaimer and a warning, firstly I am not a medical professional, so please don't take my talk as medical advice, research anything for yourself. I am here for all my areas I am going to talk about, and I am not entirely sure that some of us are actually being really familiar with some areas, so there are actually restrictions on some of the items that we are going to be talking about. So, brief introduction, so I am a senior engineer and I am also an open source consultant at Codephy, I specialize in projects based in Manchester, and I have also been a Linux developer contributor, so I have some experience in open source. So, when they are talking to me about why I chose this area, and a few of the caveats, so brains, what does that 1.2 kilograms of stuff in your head actually do? I mean it is not just there for cannibals, I am just trying to figure it out a bit, and I found as interesting that open hardware software is actually showing us that we can actually find out how the brain works, and this is stuff that used to be just medical research, and it is now getting to the point where I am obviously going to do it. And I will end up with actually talking a bit about a project that Codephyn was involved in, inducing such a device. So, the caveats that you have seen in the previous warning, the talk is not going to be able to go totally in-depth into some of the topics. And in some places I have probably just taken the top Google example, so there are other things out there. So, brief definition, so neuroimaging is a direct or indirect set of techniques for looking at either the structure, the function or the pharmacology of the brain. This is all sort of under encendography, which means basically the same thing, and is generally of interest to such fields as medical, where often they need to diagnose some problem. The psychologists who actually like to try and work out how your brain is working, and I think the topic that most people would be really interested in is the personal machine interface. So, by researching this, I have seen a few actual products available where people have been trying to actually get your brain to control some device. So, I believe that there is actually a Star Wars toy where you try to produce the force to influence your computer. So, by researching this, I also came across the 10% of your brain, and if anybody hears that occasionally, that you only use 10% of your brain.  So, basically, it's about 10% is active at any one time. So, I'm going to talk a little bit about the structure, but not much, because the structure is difficult to actually view, especially if you haven't got a lot of money. Generally, nine ways of scan techniques are quite expensive.  If so, you've got too much money. So, with my techniques such as the FMRI, they're using standard MRI techniques that you use to look at the structure of the body and looking at how the brain is using blood, because as you are thinking about things, it requires energy to actually run, and therefore you can see the blood flow. There's also other things like PET, which is positive on emission tomography. Again, we're probably not going to see this in the hospital. It's very much an injection of a radioactive marker, usually a glucose, I believe, and you scan for the usage of the glucose, which causes a small, radioactive emission. And then you also, x-rays will also give you a bit of information. That was just a notable mention. If you've got a dead brain around you, you could have a little bit of an invasive biopsy, but that isn't going to be very easy to find. People don't believe the brain is lying about it. Again, also, recently, people prefer it if you're not invasive when you're doing this sort of stuff, because this sort of stuff can hurt. However, interestingly, because most of the studies that are done at a generally university or other funding, there is quite a lot of open data available. So when I was looking at Wikipedia, which is where I got quite a lot of some of my information from, there's about 3,000 scans listed. In fact, there's now databases of scans because there's that much available. So, for one example, there's an open FMRI site that is collecting, I think, about 3,000 subjects so far, and it publishes the data under a Creative Commons license, and then to get that data, I believe it's all anonymised. People obviously don't want their data being distributed with easily traceable information such as their names. There are tools out there to analyse that data. For instance, there's a tool with a reserfer which is designed to process this. Now, I'm not going to go into actually the tooling here, just to say that this sort of thing is standardised. There are standards for the data processing. Unfortunately, whilst the data is open, some of the rest of the processing stuff isn't. I know MATLAB is a very popular tool for data analysis, and that isn't open. So, a little bit more about the structure, and this is what we're generally interested in if we're going to be measuring something we can actually measure for ourselves.  This is the sort of thing that gets talked about by neural networks. So, these are the hardware, what do you call the hardware building blocks of the brain. Then there's the big, about an 81 size. That's about 80 billion of them in your brain, so there are quite a lot of them. There are generally four or five different types. You have your motor neurons, which are outputting data to your muscles. You've got the standard processing neurons, though they're doing the actual data movement. Then you've got a sort of sensor neurons that are taking data that's coming from things like your eyes and actually bringing them into the brain. So, what we can measure is how they communicate. Generally, one neuron is doing one small bit of processing, and then they're limited to other neurons by synapses. So, I've got a picture of a basic neuron there. The basic communication methods are the chemical, so those are the neurotransmitters that you would hear about such as serotonin. I'm not going to talk too much about those because generally trying to alter them is either a medical professional's job or illegal. I would say, actually, some of the other things that if you are trying to do brain training, that is also, can be quite dangerous, but what we can measure is the electrical effects of the neural communication and these charges when actually in the neurons are about a tenth to a volt. So, the first technique we're going to talk about is EEG, which is an electro-insector. These are not easy to say. So, this is measuring the electrical activity when it gets to the edge of the brain, i.e. your scalp. Generally, this is done by attaching to the electrodes, and you've then measured a voltage against a reference point. So, you probably put electrodes around your head and stick on a reference electrode, and by the time the neural activity has permeated through the brain, that's about 10 to 100 microvolts, so it's not beyond the means of one hardware to measure this. We're talking, I mean, the brain's not that fast, so we're looking at frequency of about between 1 to 100 hertz. The other thing to say is that the charge produced by signal given by the time it gets to the scalp is too small to measure. So, you're actually measuring a group which could be 10,000 to 50,000 neurons in the world. So, the advantage of EEG is quite simple. So, most people here with some electronic skill would put together a device that would measure that sort of voltage. Let's pretend you're medical and do it. So, it doesn't require any invasive tracers or actual stitching things into people. And the good thing for, say, the hospital usage is that there's not any conditions that would limit the treatment. So, for instance, you can't go to an MRI machine if you've got a medical organ, whereas that's not the problem for the entire EEG. So, I've taken a quick example here. I haven't tried this myself, but this is actually open hardware and open software. So, this is openbci.com. They do have a store where you can actually buy the stuff. And they run a Kickstarter back in 2013 to produce this. That is a newer version of it. So, they're not only doing EEG. They're also adding things like ENG, so they're looking at the muscles, and EKG, which is looking at the heart. So, you can actually bring multiple measurements in to a system. The example shown here is what they call the Optic Cortex Mark IV. So, you can actually buy this pre-assembled from their shop, or you can buy some of the bits. And, as it's open hardware and software, you could actually have a free printer. Print some of the parts for this. They have the control board, the sampling board made. They also have pretty much a DIY. And, you're looking probably at about $200 investment to get something like that. So, that device can take about 16 channels as standard, and you could actually upgrade it. I believe this has been used a number of projects. Unfortunately, I haven't had the reference to one I was really interested in, where an artist who is struggling with muscular problems has actually used this, plus some eye-trapping software to continue producing art. This is an example of somebody using open systems to actually produce a useful thing. So, I'll talk quickly a little bit about hardware. So, this is sort of our original one was actually based on Arduino, and this new one is similar to technology. It's a PIC32, it was mostly card storage, and you can add things like Bluetooth. So, you can actually store quite a bit of data if you say you want to wander around in one of these, and you might get some funny looks. So, moving on, this is the example of the software. So, you have on the left is a trace of all the electrons that are electrical activity. Top right is actually a frequency analysis of that data, and then there's a plot of where it's coming from on the head. So, you can actually correlate the way you store roughly where it's coming from. So, you could do experiments like looking at a box of chickens, or a nice little duck, and that's a bit so that the brain isn't being stimulated by cuteness, and then you can have a look at, say, some of the politicians around it. So, software like this, there's other software available, and generally they have interchangeable data. So, in the interchangeable satellite. So, these are basically what you could call brain waves. So, this is, I can't actually remember what activity this is monitoring, but there's about seven different types of brain waves. So, the name guide could read letters, and for example, the alpha, which is about 8 to 15 hertz range, that's associated with, like, the relaxation. The, and there's other things, so the delta, which is under 4 hertz, and it can be quite a large weight, is often found in C. So... No. I'm actually trying to do this. I'm quite a fan of downloading stuff I think that are showing it on slides. So, I basically, I was showing the EEG stuff, because it is actually quite popular, and with the advent of open hardware, which I'm going to talk a little bit about these four projects, is becoming actually accessible to a number of people. So, the open EEG project has a new wisdom electrodes on it. That's quite an early one, and was designed for a few channels, connected to a PC serial port. So, it's not going to be hugely fast, but it was enough to get just some basic information. I believe that all events actually were selling, or maybe still are selling, a very similar solution to that. So, the brainstorms project, that's not hardware as such, that's more a software suite for processing data from a number of sources. So, it will support MRI, EEG data, and actually bring it all together, producing a way of analysing that data, so you can try and match the signal positions to, say, a structural scan. We'll talk a little bit more about that later. So, the last one, the HAC EEG, which is a bit newer than these, and that is interesting, it's an Arduino Dua shield, so you can actually stack these up and have those two channels, and that is an 8-channel board. So, that's quite new. I find that quite interesting in another aspect, is that it's based around a chip by Texas Instruments, that is pretty much an EEG on a chip. So, it has 8 input channels, differential inputs, differential inputs to the reference, and has 24-bit low noise and log-to-digital converts within it, which can go up to about 16 for the samples, and that's actually, I think they're available for about $25 a chip in small quantities. That's a few example projects for EEG. So, I'm now going to move on to a little bit of a lesser-of-hobbyist scale method, which is an EEG. So, this is a magneto encephal. I didn't pick a really difficult to pronounce subject, magneto encephal free. So, this is a magnetic sensing of the brain's activity. So, if you think about it, if you've got an electrical current flowing, you also get a small amount of magnetic field, which you can hopefully detect, so the average field is in the 10th femtometre test of the brain, which is actually quite small, so you need very high-po detectors. But the advantage, for say, analysts of the brain is that it's actually slightly more accurate. So, in EEG, you have currents radiating out, but they're actually not interfering with each other, and the brain is not a perfect conductor, and certainly, in skull are not a perfect conductor, so you can actually get interference. Then again, if you're using EEG, you're probably not looking for really detailed analysis. You might be just looking to see if the person is having a seizure, or whether they actually still have a brain in their protein. So, EEG has similar response times, but it's a bit more accurate. Now, the issue with this is that background noise is in the 1000th femtometre test, so you normally see we have a problem. If we want to actually detect an activity, we have background noise as a problem, which means that if you're actually going to build a machine with current techniques, you need to actually put it in an expensive shielded group. Which is actually really part of the rather large cost copy of EEG system. I'm talking about EEG, because this is part of the project I've involved in, and we'll look at that in the next slide. The other slide issue is not all neural activity actually produces a detectable magnitude field. Some neurons actually run against each other, which means that the fields they juice actually fairly well cancel each other out. So, like I said, it's not coming cheap. So, I'm going to talk a little bit about, I've talked a lot about this, something that I'm involved in, is the MEG project that I've been involved in, is not being actually going through FDA approval. So, why did we do this? Well, when we came to this, the latest technology is, what we call state of the art, is from the late 1970s. This meant it was difficult to repair.  I didn't. So, our goals were not only to improve and make it repairable, but also we'd like to use as much open source technology as possible, and we're hoping that at least some of this work can be open sourced. So, why we chose open source? Well, this actually starts off because I knew somebody at university and they were doing a search project. They obviously wanted to be able to do MEG. Their system was basically crumbling around. This is now actually moved on to a commercial company called York Instruments. So, we wanted to be able to make a project that had a good longevity. We're not talking about an Android phone that you throw away a couple of years for things to be spending. I think it was about $500K on one of these machines. You can't just throw it away. As I said, we were having problems. So, the original manufacturer had gone out of business and we would like to avoid similar problems. A manufacturer goes out of business and no longer actually uses a machine that goes wrong. The other thing, these were often used in research projects. So, it's a very good feature to be able to create a review system. We also had a hard problem to produce so we needed to actually produce something that worked. Our original plan was to actually make something that would fit the original review systems. That has actually evolved now into producing something better. We also were worried about security. Obviously, people don't want their data being leaked or have the default password as password. So, if you need to be able to actually review that. So, I did put this quote on the slide. From our customer, they said, it is also a matter of confidence. With very few professionals in this area are confident with a product that's not based on a peer review platform. Again, to pick on Microsoft, technicians and clinicians simply don't trust Windows to be reliable, quick or useful when controlling an industrial hardship. So, quick overview of what we put together. So, we had a scanner that we needed to capture data from. So, we have down here the MEG. We built a system to actually capture the data from there. That is then transported over a network. We have multiple nodes. So, we have a data aggregator to store. We have control, lockator, and then any BLs who is involved in the experiment can not complete the data. We needed to be able to store the data. We needed BLs by viewing so that if anything was going wrong, we could do all that. Part of this as a research project is we also needed to be able to add arbitrary experiments. So, for instance, you might want to show the subject some images on the screen and explore the responses. You need a reasonably reliable way of synchronising that with the rest of the data. So, the other experiments and those could be disjoint. So, your experiment is not actually easy to get to the same bit as the scanner. So, I said it earlier, we had to actually magnetise your shield so you can't really show a monitor in the same room that's something that actually will detect that. So, a quick run through the hardware. Of course, I can't get a picture of this. Obviously, our customers are very busy dealing with the FDA and we've actually approved actual things for use. But one of the actual not-open improvements we made was that the original sensors for the magnetic field needed to be cooled by liquid helium. Now, liquid helium is not on my substance to have a round and it's not actually contained by anything other than expensive metal containers. It's also, I think, a whole lot. So, the design we're using is actually still cooled but it's actually self-cooled by road for adoration. So, the size of the problem, I mentioned this was started some time ago and believe that our initial design was done in about 2008, 2009 is that we're looking at about 300 channels of data recording because that's how many magnetic sensors we have when putting around some of these heads. We wanted to get 24 data out of the system and the original system thing was only like 14 bit. And for some reason, even though I've probably said that the brain tends to operate in about the 100 Hz maximum region we have 118 kHz of max data rate. So, that was producing quite a lot of data. We tended to split it into 8 channels per 60 channels per node. So, that's about 3,400 kilobytes a second if you were operating the system at a full rate. Generally, you don't actually need to sample at that sort of rate. A few kilobytes is usually useful enough for data analysis. If you're looking at that rate, we're looking at about 250 megabytes a second. And back in 2009, we were thinking that was a lot of data. Now, that's not as much your average cumulative PC. As you can see, not quite, but something you could just buy off the shelf is going to handle that sort of data. Now, I'll talk a little bit about the actual capturing nodes. So, we chose an arm-based system with net and EGA. We designed, as they were designing it before, like 16 channels per node. So, we were going to have a number of nodes. We didn't want them to be expensive. We couldn't call them in position because that would have had an electric noise to the system. And arm is an excellent choice for low power. So, we chose an SOC that was low power and had a reasonable network and system. And then the FPGA, we went through a low end basket in the end. But that was there because we're looking at trying to do something that is real-time in the way that the next really can't actually manage or any of us so we can manage. And we'll talk a little bit about that next. And we went for the Debian as a base because it supported the ARM ADEX-86 and probably anything else we were dealing with. We already had a requirement to be maintainable and Debian is both stable and maintained. And there was like build routes and things like that available at the time. We hadn't got to that really. But we didn't want to have sign-up that actually had to be manually maintained. We were happy that we could just get our date and that would be fine. It was also reasonably customizable for our needs. I mean, all the ARM nodes we tended to netboot and had a minimum Debian installed for those because we couldn't have hard disks but they produced magnitude noise. And we didn't have enough flash to put the entire system into each unit. Also big plus we had at least two Debian developers on hand. So, when we looked at the data recording and there was a format called HDF5 that was already well-used in other systems. So, that was well understood and everybody who had similar machines already knew how to process that. And that was designed for large time datasets. So, we had directory in build so it was actually easily searchable. Well, the second slide on the software is not surprisingly that we chose QT OpenGL to content work. It works and is actually across the platform. Whilst we are trying to do something that's open source, there's still people using closed source systems such as Windows. So, it seems rockable and reduces the time having to port it to other systems. What I was quite interested in is that a lot of this sort of field in the actual analysis of the data is now moving to using Python. So, we were also quite happy that there were a lot of Python packages available. So, things like NumPy, the deal with numeric processing. I think Arrow is the date in the library. And then you also have Hpy, which is a package that allows you to deal with HDF5 files. We also moved to Uboog. So, this was our first vendor problem. When we started, one of our vendors was all, yeah, we'll have all this great stuff. They weren't out of business. So, before we'd actually got into market, we already had a problem with longevity. So, we moved it to Uboog. So, all the nodes that were used in the project would go to Uboog. We were very nice. It took about a week to do, and then that was the problem solved. I'm not going to talk about the customer control software. There's a bit of stuff to do, actually control experiment. So, this is the sort of thing we're doing with QT. Again, this is like the EEG display we're showing activity, except now we have a lot more sensors. So, this system is, you can't probably see, we have 320 active channels, 32 reference channels. And then, you probably can't actually see that there are also 16 external digital inputs that are being recorded from the whatever experiment that is being done here. So, a quick note on the FPGA side of things. So, we chose the FPGA basically because we're having to deal with real-time sampling. We actually have finally settled about 3 nanoseconds between all the nodes in the system. So, obviously this isn't something you can really do in a microcontroller. But again, we actually could use open source. So, whilst the PCIe and DMA were close to those that we got from the vendor, we could use the bush phone specification to write our software too. We could use the open SPI implementation. What was very weird is that once we've got the PCIe bender port, the user manual said, well, if you want to do something with this, go and have a look at the example project. So, in a look at the example project, it's like, well, they've taken the PCIe to bush phone example on open source. It's like, why level the payment money for this? So, we've got a quick diagram, so it shows that the FPGA is doing positive work. There's an external ADC, and we have external changeable front-ends for doing the various measurements. So, you either have the MUG front-end, the measuring data sensors, or you could have your experiment front-ends that were taking the stimulus base from your experiment and capturing those with your reference. So, we obviously used internet to have the kernel. That was very easy. Both the SOC and the bender kernels when we were supplied were actually quite close to upstream, which was pretty important to us in the maintainability. So, we started, I think it was at 316, and we've upgraded to 4.9. Traffin mainline has actually been very easy to do. We haven't had to do much of that update. The only custom code we've had to write was something that detected our PCIe device and split it up into the various bits that the system required, and we could do that mostly via assistives because we didn't want to talk too much about that. So, it was actually quite easy. So, we're coming towards the end of the talk. So, from an actual project of you, we've found David to be very good base. We've upgraded from sitting in deviant 6 to deviant 9. So, that's been quite painless in system D. The open FPGA system has a problem that we've not been able to solve, and people are still working. So, there's no open tool chain or open IP calls, which makes very useful builds, which we'd like to do, very difficult, because we basically provide all our software with deviant packages. The PCIe core was possibly the worst fit to actually try and debug, because it's a black box you can't really see into it. We had some problems. It turned out that we'd spent this money on a licence for PCIe, and we'd given the tools a licence. Didn't think it would actually do a licence to do it. So, it would work for four hours, and then the kill time would really kick in. It was like, why hasn't it stopped working for four hours anyway? That one was quite difficult on it. I haven't said anything about PCV design. Projects like key carry coming on and making life very much easier for people who want to do open hardware. At the moment, we're still using closed solutions, because that's what everybody involved in the project is actually used to. When it started, that wouldn't have been an issue. We wouldn't have been able to do that. The improvement in the software has actually been really good for that. I'd say that the start of the project has seemed awfully large. Technology in the last five to seven years has improved us a lot. We'd hope that the MPJ tools will improve as we give feedback to the manufacturers to say that Windows tools are not good for people who actually want to do certain things. So, I'm going to bring the talk to hand. I'm going to overrun them very slightly. So, the thing I've taken away from this is that the open source community is helping the field improve. We have people being able to do their own experiments. We've been able to produce new hardware. Hopefully, once I'm involved in that, that will enable people to actually move forward, and hopefully it will spur on some competition. There are still areas that are unfortunately closed. We'd love it if you could actually get down to the point of having something like an image. Is that being affordable to not an average person, but maybe an average doctor? We'd love to see these sort of technologies come down in price. I'm hoping that, as more people are looking at this, that the issues around this can actually be part of the source. That's the end. The end. Thank you very much for attending.


Hey, I'm Sadie Elliott, Training Director at the Herzog Foundation. I joined Chris and Christine Stegall on the Making the Leap podcast this week. Typically, Chris and Christine are talking to parents, but this week we're talking educators. What goes into a decision to join Christian Education? How do we reclaim some of that teacher burnout that we had during COVID and so much more? In fact, we're talking about turning the Making the Leap podcast into a symposium this summer for teachers. You don't want to miss it. Check it out. Listen wherever you stream podcast or watch it on YouTube.


What's good Josh boros back again with another video. So there's a lot of buzz going on right now with the after after map of what happened at this year's Summer Slam. And one of the biggest things and probably the biggest talking point right now storyline wise and people's interest wise is Jimmy Uso turning on his brother J during the main event of Summer Slam last night between Roman and J for in tribal combat to see who was going to be the WWE undisputed Universal Champion obviously Roman retain which a lot of us expected but we didn't really expect what some of us didn't expect Jimmy to turn and it's it's kind of actually from what I've seen just on social media as a lot of people confuse some people feel like they understand why it happened like it makes sense and then there's other individuals including myself that are just kind of confused on what's going on here. So I want to show y'all this tweet real quick want to show y'all this tweet real quick. Let me do this this is on my Twitter I saw this on my feed so follow me on Twitter if you haven't already if you see this tweet it says as of now Roman Reigns is not being advertised for any WWE TV episodes over the next few months and I responded to this tweet and as I said in my recent video Roman is going to be gone for a while which is why we have this Jimmy vs. J for you going on it's only happening to kill time until Roman returns and that's kind of what I was talking about on my thoughts and opinions video for this year Summer Slam the rumors have been going on since earlier this year that after Summer Slam Roman is going to be gone for a while and we probably won't see him back towards maybe towards close to the you know maybe into the year or you know Sam a few months after that or a few months before the end of the year I'm not sure when he's possibly going to return but he's going to be you know going to be gone for a while so you can kind of tell how this feud has been you know I guess you can say picked up because right now Roman doesn't have no in the face outside of what we saw with J and they're not doing anything with solo yet and I think it's a little bit too soon to even try to have him go for the title they don't have nobody else they legitimately have nobody else and this was always going to be my issue with this title reign this year because you have to stretch it out all the way to next year's WrestleMania so how do you do that? Well granted they have been doing a good job with this whole bloodline fracturing and falling apart story but now it's gotten to the point where for them since Roman is you know taking a little bit of a break or whatnot they're going to go with this Jimmy and J as the main focus point right now because honestly this involves the bloodline but now it's it's beef between them and I just feel like yes they have been planting the seeds that maybe Jimmy would turn or whatnot but I just think me personally I think it's kind of lazy on the on the book inside of things because it's like you're only doing this because Roman is not doing anything for the next few months so the only reason why we're getting this Jimmy versus J feud right now because they have nothing else that can fill that void now granted not saying that the few can't be good I think people have at some point wanted to see a Jimmy versus J brothers versus brother a few WWE's done it plenty of times but I think if they were going to do it I would have preferred them to set this up for WrestleMania. This is a WrestleMania worthy feud imagine the story you can tell if they were able to set it up for WrestleMania last year's WrestleMania you guys had the championship y'all was the longest reigning tag team champions of all time you lost to Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn and that's when things started to fall apart for you guys you know and now this year's WrestleMania world is upcoming years WrestleMania now you guys are feuding with each other that's a that's an amazing story right there you can build a great promo package off of that everything started to fall apart when they lost the titles now this year's WrestleMania they're fighting each other you know you could have told that story if you were to do it me personally I don't think they needed to they needed to you know split them up on only because you know I just we've seen this story before with the you know the tag team and they finally split up or the brothers and one of the brothers turn on the other brother it's it's an easy story to tell I just don't think it was needed at least right now I do think they still need some tag teams obviously they've been doing you know this has been all about the bloodline stuff so they haven't really been focused on tag team wrestling for the most part like tag team goal but nevertheless you know that WWE still need some tag teams and you know this kind of you kind of just take out one of your best tag teams on your roster you know to set up this few that really I mean it's kind of playing this day they're only using this few to extend Roman Reigns title title reign since he's not going to be there he's not fighting anybody this few just there to as a placeholder and once again like I said it could be fantastic you know I think it will be good the question is you know will the fans be still as interested when it's all said and done and once again I know people want to see what's Jimmy's excuse for this and I think people are going to tune in to see why Jimmy did what he did so they got some intrigue there and hopefully it makes sense but at the same time it's still kind of hard to make sense because for the life of me it's just all of a sudden now he's jealous of the guy that legitimately he helped turned on his own family so that's why it's like you you help turn him on his own family then your own family beat you up and now he's fighting for you in your honor and now you turn on him because he's fighting for the championship what else was he gonna fight for I'm now I'm gonna fight I'm gonna fight you for my brother but I'm not gonna try to take the championship from you that makes no sense like I said they've been yeah you can say oh they've been teasing Jimmy being jealous but it's like they could have did that at some other point they because honestly you could build that story off of Jay just being main event Jay it's really took it's really took it off last night Jay was the guy he he he showed why he deserved to be in the main event last night it was fantastic to see him main event with Roman Reigns at one of the biggest shows for WWE at SummerSlam so you could build that story without you know the implications of him trying to you know go for the title you can build that up as Jay's getting all this attention and love our Jimmy's kind of sitting in the back seat you can have Jimmy come back still you know have love for his brother all this other stuff they do what they gotta do without the bloodline or whatever the case may be and then over time you can see Jimmy's dissension because everyone's coming to Jay now everybody wants to talk to Jay now you could have did that but this just comes so abruptly after the guys been beaten up and off TV for a few weeks and now all of a sudden got smoked with his bro the only way for me that I think this few can be salvaged or it can you know be enhanced if since they're going with the brother versus brother they have to have their dad involved and and solo needs to be involved to obviously so those going to be there so their dad needs to be involved in this Rikishi now needs to be inserted in this few what they could do if you have Rikishi inserted in this few and he finally gets everybody together on one page even solo starts to realize what's going on and then when Roman comes back or what not he sees what Rikishi is done or whatever he's not liking it and maybe he attacks Rikishi men maybe solo snaps then that's the only in my opinion that's the only way this could possibly hold fans over until Roman comes back you have to insert their father in this few because it makes sense and he's been tweeting about it for months your sons are literally fighting each other and Roman is just chilling as a tribal chief he's not even trying to make things right Roman is just chilling as long as he's champ his father definitely needs to step into this you know just to enhance this story to make people actually really care even more and you know maybe can make some believability on why Jimmy decided to turn on his brother so me personally I am still kind of confused on this this turn of events it kind of still doesn't make sense you can stretch it out plausibly you know for it to make sense if you really wanted to but at the same time just this character change all of a sudden is it's it's comes off as lazy booking but they can salvage it if they really tell a good story and they really get people invested and if they're able to get Rikishi in the mix which I think he deserves to be in the mix since these are his children he knows about the business he's part of the family I think that would be fantastic and it could definitely like I said hold time over until Roman comes back cuz honestly this is what this feud is for cuz Roman's gonna be going for a while that's why this is happening the way it is in my opinion so comment down below let me know are you guys looking forward to the Jimmy and Jay feud that's gonna be happening for a while do you guys think Rikishi should be involved and do you guys think it's lazy booking for Jimmy all of a sudden to turn he'll do you feel like that's justified in what he did to Jay last night at Summer Summer I want to get your thoughts and opinions on this is gonna be very interesting to see what they do appreciate all of us for you guys shown on the channel road to 150K and I'm still young speedy you to rest on the champion world appreciate y'all kicking me see our next woman peace.


Hello, hello, hello, I'm Matthew Horky and I'm Sherin Tan. Together we are Exotic Wine Travel. We've spent the last three years traveling around the world, writing and speaking about unique and exciting wines. Our journey has taken us to both lesser known and established wine regions. In 2016, we came to Croatia for the first time. We fell in love with the country and the wines, prompting us to write the book Cracking Croatian Wine, a visitor-friendly guide. Now we're at it again. We're going to re-tour the country and bring our book to life. We aim to take you deep into the Croatian food and wine scene. So sit back, relax, and join us as we go Cracking Croatian Wine! Učka Tunnel connects mainland Croatia to Istria. Istria is a heart-shaped peninsula that's changed hands many times in the last 100 years. During this time, it's been part of Austria, Italy, Yugoslavia, and now Croatia. Thanks to its food and wine, Istria has been dubbed the New Tuscany. The region is full of medieval hilltop villages and the atmosphere feels undeniably Italian. The region is renowned for its top-notch olive oil, and the wine industry is together focused on leading the quality revolution in Croatia. Our first stop is Domain Kokoliko. It's the brainchild of Croatian Jackie Marovac and Frenchman Olivier Erzbischoff. They bought an old stone house in the center of Gratice, and today they invited us over to taste the new vintages. After a brief tour of their hometown, they start opening bottles. The view from their backyard is breathtakingly beautiful. Olivier is a retired medical doctor. He worked in different cellars throughout Burgundy learning how to make wine. When he came to Croatia, he wasn't pleased with the chardonnay that was available and started to make his own. Well, I think that we came here to try to do chardonnay a bit better than the basic chardonnay you can find some years ago. And the idea was to do something which is a French way of making chardonnay but with Croatian grapes. And why did you and Jackie decide to make wine here because you were living in France before?  In addition to their excellent Balagra Grand Cru Chardonnay, Coquelaco also produces several Malvasia-based wines. In addition to a red blend of Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Tehran, dreamt up by Jackie. I think I'm more interested in the red as well. I mean, Olivier is a great white wine expert. But after many years in Chile, I really appreciate a good red. And so Nomad was kind of my little Austrian baby. It's late in the day so after our visit we head to a local favorite, Canoba Morgan. It's located just outside the village of Bouillet and boasts beautiful views of Northwest Istria. This eatery isn't a totally undiscovered gem. It's listed in the Michelin Guide. It's owned by a family who's fond of hunting and there's plenty of game meats available. There's the goat cheese and some dry tomato and a bit of asparagus. However, it's wild asparagus season so we give the cream soup a try. Wow, queen. I like it a lot. Next up, homemade gnocchi and a local goulash. It's paired with a local red blend from famous wine producer Degrassi. Good gnocchi to me has to be like the texture of a soft, high quality gummy bear. It has to be like soft but you know with bounciness. I would like it to be a little bit more pillowy or fluffy but this is to me like beef-plus quality, really good. For the finale, we sampled a local Austrian beef called Baschgarten. What do you think about the pairing? Fantastic. Shereen is very pleased with the meal. In the morning, we head to the tourist town of Motovon.  So the road to Motovon is blocked. It's annoying.  Not the most comfortable driving in our rental car.  He's made ways with his full body Malvasias and rich Terrans. I think the most important thing is that the people like the wines. It's written the best young Terrans. This past year he won a gold medal at the canter for his vibrant Acacia aged Malvasia named La Prima. We sample the new vintages from his barrel room. Marco has beautiful photos of his family all over the cellar which adds a warm touch. Next we head to his vineyards. Many producers in Austria talk about the excellent position of Marco's vineyards. The Mirna River creates a unique microclimate around Motovon. Marco isn't shy about the grapes that Austrian producers should focus on. That is for sure Malvasia and Terran. And what are you looking for? When you're making those wines and vinifying them what characteristics are you looking to produce in those grapes? The body, the full body of the Malvasia. I want to make a natural style of Malvasia like it is my La Prima. I hope in the future that we'll be only Malvasias without filtering natural style wines and I hope I will do only like that. Marco's success has come quickly and he's very candid about how fast everything has happened. When you started were you expecting? No, I wasn't expecting. It was like a hobby to me but now it's a serious thing. And I'm very happy about that. Me and all my family we are living from this and it's a big thing now for us. We are giving all our lives to the ground, to the vineyard and I can say that the vineyard is giving back us all the best that he can. Marco Fakken also owns a Canova on the top of Motovon. It's a simple eatery but they do have fresh black truffles and wild asparagus. The Canova caters to the large volume of tourists that make the trek up to the top of this hilltile. We have the eggs with fresh asparagus. We call it in great Chinese history, frittaya. This kind of food and the fresh asparagus is from this morning collected from the wood. It's 100% wild and the best taste you can have. Then we have the Istrian ham or Istarski poshut inside. The second thing you have the omelette with black truffles. This truffle that you see it's the first from this season. We also try some delicious deep fried Istrian dessert that resembles doughnut holes. It was a meal of father's health. The day is winding down so we have to leave Motovon. On our way out we pass the construction site of Rosinich Hotel. This is another one of our favorite producers but the hotel is not finished yet so we'll have to wait until next year to revisit. The next day we arrive at our favorite producer in Croatia and possibly one of our favorite producers in the entire world, Klai Winery. Giorgio Klai owned a successful restaurant in nearby Trieste, Italy. After leaving the business he established his winery in Buje. He farms organically and produces wines with no additives and uses wild yeast for fermentation. He's a legend in Istria and the natural wine world. He's often been dubbed the godfather of Istria. His orange wines Svetiakov Malvazia and red wine Brombonero Refosch are regarded as two of Croatia's top wines. Klai also produces their own olive oil which is spicy and rich. The tasting room is modern, minimalistic, and coupled with the view it's a great atmosphere to taste wine. As Giorgio's gotten older he's needed help in the cellar so he's reached out to fellow natural winemaker Dimitri Brecevic to help him make the wines. Well actually Klai wines are really really specific styles, specific character. Giorgio always has this very specific way of winemaking and also winery since the beginning. So the most important thing of course is the maceration if you are talking about the white which was always part of the history of the winery. And the other thing is that the wines are really like high structure, really don't eat the vineyard with very low yields etc for aging. So if that's wine you can drink after 10 years, 15 years, maybe 20 we hope. So that's all process, that's really the philosophy of winemaking. So now that you've been with Giorgio Klai for about 11 years over the time that you worked with him in terms of the style and the kind of version that your wines want to achieve how has it changed over time? Well actually you know this cooperation so as I said it's almost 11 years now but it used to be more like friendship and some kind of exchange of knowledge. Now since 3 years it's much more and much more because I'm really engaged now in the winery. The thing is that I'm not here to change the wine for Giorgio Klai and he's not there to change the style of Piquentum. The thing is about how we can help ourselves.  After tasting the new vintages in the cellar with Dimitri, Giorgio joins us during the evening. He's in a jovial mood that night and opens an older vintage of Brambanero. It's one of Shereen's favorite wines from all of ex-Yugoslavia. It's a kind of wine even if it's big or extracted, you can drink a whole night and sometimes there's no explanation. It's just like pizza. A good pizza you can eat 15 inches all by yourself.  Giorgio's good mood continues and he opens an older vintage of his orange wine Otocento Biele in addition to a taran that isn't in production anymore, the Bastavica Taran. Giorgio loves his own wines and he feels very fondly of the Bastavica. It's a fantastic wine that I'm watching all night. I'm happy with it. One of the happiest there is in my life. I'm drinking exactly the kind of stuff that I like and I can drink all night. And it doesn't even get me though, it just makes me happy and makes me happy. It's not often that Giorgio opens these wines. As the night winds down we feel extremely lucky. What a great start to our trip in Istria. In the next episode of Azotic Wine Travel, we put a spotlight on Malvasia Istasca, a native white wine grape from Istria. Stephen Spurier, decanter's consultant editor and organizer of the 1976 Judgment of Paris will also have a guest appearance in the next episode. If you would like to learn more about Croatian and Croatian wine, check out our book Cracking Croatian Wine, A Visitor Friendly Guide.


I think he's trying to get him to go back. No, he doesn't want to go back. He said, this is our play date. Guys, we're taking all your merch to the post office. We're gonna get it all in this. There's more in the car, by the way. Let's get it. It's all gone. Gotcha. All right. He came right on you. He's excited. Look at you. You can rest your head down. Leo's excited he's having a play date because kids were over yesterday and I didn't let him play with them. And so he's happy now. All right, sit down, relax. That's it, he just wants to sit there with you. Isn't that cute?  Did he doesn't talk? He talks nonsense about getting kids to school on time. So here's the story. She is scared of birds, right? But you met Leo and she was dying to hold Leo because Leo expressed interest. Okay, just relax.  Okay, sit your back up so you're comfortable. Yeah, and just chill with him like that. Does he kiss? He does.  So Leo's owner died. He did? Yeah, at like 42 years old, he had a heart attack.  And whenever he mumbles and talks, it sounds like he is talking about kids. Monty, what are you doing under the table? Monty, what are you doing under the table? Who's the birdie? Look at how he goes.  Like he follows you everywhere, huh? Why am I kissing you? Just kiss him. Kiss his tummy. Leo is so obsessed with little kids that George came out and wanted to say hi and give Leo a hug. And he got bit by Leo because Leo's very possessive over little girls.  He's very protective. Kind of bird you put in the baby's room. Nobody's coming around that baby. No one's going to around that baby. Also Sandy, Sandy's protective over babies. Can't laugh. Don't laugh. How are you feeling? I'm okay. I feel like I just went to war and came back. I'm not laughing at you. One page you approached her. You knew this. I didn't think about it. I wasn't thinking about the bird. I was just thinking of saying hi to her. So she came and grabbed me right here. She was on the angle. He literally reached out and grabbed me. Basically, you went in for a hug. And you felt more like he was here, right? And I came to hug her and she put her cheek, you know, the kiss, cheek, you know? So when I did that, he came right there in my lip and he grabbed it like this. He hung off on me. And he hugged me. I'm not enjoying this like I'm done with this interview. Paparazzi. I'm hungry and I don't think I can eat. You can eat. I'll feed you. I swear. Meanwhile, Leo's just chilling. Leo's very happy with his play date. You can't help it. It's a comedic seat in Georgia. Oh, really? Wait, what's your sign? Leo. Do you know what? I'm on Leo too. Do you know what? George is a Leo too. Uh-huh. So what happened? Leo won't get down? Do you know why? Because he likes me? Yeah, because I told him that you came over for a play date and he took that very seriously. George, that's the cat's present that we didn't wrap yet. Okay, do your dance. He's like, I'm not moving. There's a child in us. I had a friend, he had a kid movie. So we had to film it over different movies, right? He brought the kid over and Jersey had a growth spurt. And then by the end of the summer, when we were done with the movie, the next time he came, Jersey was obsessed. And then she was like, you're a man now. You're my boyfriend. Belle, did you give yourself a bath?  Do you have your little bath? You wanna show everyone your bath? Jenna, guess who had a bath? She goes, she just showered right now. There you go. When I came up to him, I'm like, hey Vinny, he's like, hi George. And then he asked me what's going on. I'm like, oh, we have a few people coming over. He's like, any kids? I'm like, no, no kids. Then he's like, because kids are messy. I'm like, yes, they are kind of messy. Oh wait, you're trying to get him to go back? No, he doesn't want to go back. He said, this is our play date. Leo just flew over here. He gets a heart attack. Wait, he can fly? Yeah. He just flew over. I don't get it. Wasn't it? Yeah, I wish I filmed it. Are you all right?  You're delusional. No one knows what you're talking about. So Leo, it's a play date and it's over now. She has to go do stuff. Is that okay with you? So do you think he'll step up on me? It's okay. You're okay. He's like, no. Leo, you have to understand that she'll be back. Will you come back and play with him? Yeah, absolutely. You can come any time, okay? Leo, is that okay? She's going to come back and play with you. I swear he'd be happy going home with you right now. There you go. Okay, so now I know. Look, say bye. Look, he's waiting. She'll be back, okay? She doesn't want to separate herself from him either. Rocky, proud. Now you can give her a hug. Bye guys, thank you. Have fun. Come back any time.


Hey there, my name is Wendy Riggs and I'm recording this video to welcome you to the spring section of online general biology and basically encourage you to drop the class. I'm excited to be teaching the class. I'm excited that you are enrolled or on the wait list or wanting to get into the class. And I feel like it's super important that you know what you're getting into before you commit life and resources to accomplishing this class, because it's really hard. And there are two things that make this class hard. First of all, it's a general bio course. All biology courses are vocabulary dense, concept dense, super interesting, but challenging sometimes to get the content to actually stick in your brain. So in addition to being challenging, dude, I'll tell you right now, I would not take this class online if I had the choice of taking it face to face or in this modality. And I say that because I'm teaching it in both modalities and there is no question that the online scene is harder than the face-to-face scene. And I say that with full awareness that it's exactly the same content, same exams, same number of exams, same number of labs. Everything is the same about this online class when compared to my face-to-face class, but not having access to me or your peers makes it, I think, much more challenging. So there is a scene, there is a person out there who needs this class online. And if that person is you, then, dude, that's why we're here. And that's also why I'm trying to get everybody else to drop so that there's enough room for the people who really need it and who know that they will be successful in this modality. First, I'm working on getting the Canvas course published so that you can get in and take a look at the syllabus, the schedule, you can get your materials. It's a lab course, you guys. And so what that means is you are going to be prepping for and conducting labs every week on your own time and dime. There's a lab kit that is required. It's $170. And previous students say that it is worth every penny. And our textbook for this class is an open educational resource, so that's free. And you don't have to drive to campus, so you're saving some gas money there. So I think in the end, it actually shakes down to being like, okay, a good expense and the convenience factor of having access to pH indicator and test tubes and not having to go to the dollar store and find them yourself. I think it washes out in the end, but know that there is an investment in time or in resources that you wouldn't have to make in the face-to-face class. So the purpose here, I'm going to be publishing the Canvas section soon, but what I really wanted to talk to you about is the schedule for the class and what is expected of you. So I have put together, my brain is a color-coded brain, and so I color-code everything. And I've set up the class to have a lecture and a lab in most weeks, twice. So and check this thing out. All the pink boxes are lectures and they're video lectures in this class, and each video lecture is associated with a discussion board that you must visit multiple times and engage with in a meaningful manner. That discussion sort of simulates what we would do in class. For every lecture, you have a lab activity.  Most weeks have two labs, one lab to go with every lecture. Every week, in addition to your lectures and your labs, you also have a quiz that is through Canvas. You take it twice. You take as long as you want. Use whatever materials you want. That's cool. But it just kind of keeps you checking yourself. Are you on the right track? And then you have this weekly check-in where you actually are going to record a video for me answering some question that I post asking you to think about how the week is going for you or what you need in the class or whatever. Some people have had the video be a deal breaker for them. In addition to lectures, labs, quizzes, videos, you also have exams. There are four proctored exams in this class. That means that four times you are taking a closed note, double choice, short answer, little tiny essay type exam that covers the content that we're going over.  But there's four of them. And then on top of that, the comprehensive final exam. I'm only telling you all of this because you need to be able to look at a week and go, okay, I can see how I can fit that into my life. This is not a class where you jump through hoops and then expect that you will get an A+.  You actually have to do well on those things which means you have to be learning the content as we go.  And some classes don't require that extra studying like that solidifying note cards or talking about things. And this class is not one of those. So please consider what you're getting yourself into.  I personally find this stuff fascinating. All my video lectures that we will use in this class are all posted on YouTube. So you can go check it out, get a sneak preview of the fun stuff that's coming your way, see if you're into it. The textbook, like I said, is free and open. It's online. You can go check that out right now, see if the content is interesting to you. Sometimes if you have a little more structure than this online class provides, it might help you get through something that you need. It's a lab science course and most of us need those to transfer or to get our degrees. But be really thoughtful about whether or not you want to make this happen.  If you are like, yeah, I don't know if this is for me, then drops now so that other people can get in. The $170 lab kit, you got to have that thing by the first week of classes. If you don't, I will drop you and let somebody else in who's ready to go. So make good decisions and feel free to reach out to me if you have questions or want to see what I think about your readiness to take the class. All right. If you're cool with this, then stay tuned. I will be publishing the Canvas course soon and getting more videos up for you to check out and holler at me if you have any questions. I, Peeps, bye-bye.


Thank you. I'm lucky because I had my first computer in 1977 and I could be an actor. I've been also a programmer. I've been observing the evolution of technology, but I'm not going to talk about technology, all the buzzwords, but I will talk about what are the influence of technology on the way we live, we communicate, and we operate on a daily basis. The first thing, and I say this on this stage, which is more important than ever, the big revolution that technology has brought to us is the instant access to knowledge. Knowledge has been an asset discriminating the poor and the rich during centuries. And at the end of the beginning of 2000 through blogs through Wikipedia, it became an asset share. And all the students on an estate basis, everything was shared through blogs and through some website. So what does it mean for the people? When you keep information for you during ages and you share it, it creates new reflex.  And what does it mean for the business?  If you share your experience, you take pictures, you share with your friends on the various social networks what you do. Then you can rent also your apartment through Airbnb. I have a team right now looking for an office in Paris. There are 10, and the three offers they got was not traditional office, but co-location. So what does it mean for business people? It totally changed the way they have to operate. Carlos really explained very well yesterday. During many years car makers were producing cars. Now they are going to produce a service to go from A to B.  This morning you should have all received the statistic on how you've been using your iPhones. Because we're reasonable people, we have had maybe 100 interactions during the week. But some kids in the US, they have 500 connections per day. So what does it mean for the brain? Instead of delivering a thought process during four hours. That's what we used to do reading a book or whatever. Every 7, 10 seconds the brain is attacked. What does it mean then?  It creates addictions. It creates also a new form of depression. And it creates also some avatars. I organized a board three weeks ago with 14 people. And I told them no iPhone during four hours and no tablets. And it was funny to see the reaction of the people. Because after 10, 20 minutes some of them were really in an addiction mode. Like cigarettes or alcohol or whatever.  Another impact also is we all communicate on a daily basis, on an asynchronous basis. We have friends who are overseas or families or whatever and we share experience. So the more we communicate like that, the more we need to be together. So a new set of business are exploding. Music concert, sports, sports bar. And now in Paris, as an example, you can see in London, after work, hundreds of young people hanging around the bar. One thing also which I've changed, technology has changed in our habit, is the way we shop. We have all eShop. But what are the impacts on the network of shops? All the corner stores now are doing very well. Because it's convenient. All the big shops are big more like Apple store is an experience. So you go there and hang around. But the in-between shops is not convenient, it's not fun and it's not an experience. So except the Apple store where you go there to hang around, as an example in London, 35% of the commercial services between 400 meters, square meters and 8,000 weekers have no future. Another example is entertainment. We, in our younger age, we were buying LPs, CDs, cassette DVDs and whatever. And now nobody buys cassette. You go on the net, you have Netflix. And not only that, but now all the young generation do not look at TV, on the linear TV, but are looking at Netflix and things like that. So my point here, and I'm not going to describe everything, is that little by little, not only the technology change the way we operate, but change also our relationship with things the way we operate. That means because the change is very fast, the impact on the traditional business of Capex and Aopex, you know, create a huge parody, which is very difficult to anticipate. And Carlos Ghosn yesterday really in phase of facts. So just to finish, what is next? In the next 18 months, there will be three main revolutions that will even change more in our life. First of all, the speed of communication will be multiplied by 10. So the 5G or the 5G+, will move our communication from 100 meg to 1 gigabit or 10 gigabit. Second, the next generation of sensor, IoT, quantum computing, will make the things much faster, much smaller. And in a few years from now, you will have a chip in your body, like a plane, will reset all the data and say, you can work, you can sleep, you can drive, and whatever. And last, the next generation of algorithm will take in the cloud all the programs, aggregate it on a real-time basis at the speed of light, and then will provide on a real-time basis all the algorithms to make the things faster and cheaper and whatever. And here, we're not going to talk about artificial intelligence. All this change, the day it will be faster than our human reflex, then we can talk about IA. Just data, the speed of Internet is about 300,000 km per second is the light, you know, the speed of light. In the brain, the speed of data, you know, is 100 m per second. So there is a competition right now between the brain and between the process of watching things and operating things as a reflex. So is the future bright or not? I don't know. But we need to be very careful about how do we use technology because it impacts our life, the way we communicate, and we need to be very careful with our kids to make sure they still have a normal life and play with toys like we've done when we were younger.


In this session we're going to have Carl telling us about automatic code reviews, which I'm very interested in Carl is a refugee from Java land and works as a system administrator So if you could all please make Carl feel very welcome Hi So welcome to my talk, which is about automatic code reviews. This is the long title which they wouldn't let me put on the program The general gist of this is that there's really really cool tools out there And if people are willing to put in a little bit of effort, you can really get a lot of benefit from static analysis and warnings before they become problems in production so It's traditional to start with a slide about me I am a system administrator come software janitor at aqua.org, which means I do Apart from panicking about open SSL. I also do things like continuous integration and All the continuous deployment that kind of stuff and as a side project everyone landscape.io, which I'll come to in a second and then email Twitter get up So landscape is code reviews and automatic static analysis as a service kind of thing The idea is that if it's really super easy like you can click with your github account and just log in and then kind of get all That stuff out straight away then a lot of people will use it and this has been going It's sort of officially launched in November I've been coding it for more than a year and there's about 1500 open source code repositories are on there right now and they're being checked all the time and it's free for open source It looks kind of like this. Maybe you've seen this sort of health badge in the top corner there on some github repos occasionally So the majority of this talk is going to be out lessons. I've learned while building this specifically how it pertains to static analysis code reviews that kind of thing so As an a first of all just want to talk about what's the point of code reviews in general just in case you're sort of not really into it Code reviews are really cool because you can you can catch errors before their problems Especially if you have new developers people who are new to the language for example Maybe they come from a different background for example as said I come from a Java background and so my Python at the beginning was all like You know sort of classes everywhere interfaces everywhere until a colleague of mine looked at it and went So and and as well like people knew to the company who maybe don't understand how you do things in this company So that's kind of cool But it's also it's a really good learning experience You can see how other people do things you can kind of see the things that they are interested in doing and the Way that they do things and the techniques they've learned that you don't know about all the other way round You can teach them something that maybe they don't know and then business logic errors are pretty important Like you don't want someone to put a 15% discount where a 5% discount is kind of the right thing You don't want something to accidentally Financially cripple your company that kind of stuff so like the whole idea in general It's just a kind of keep an eye in the code base I think and that's what automatic code reviews can give you almost all of this stuff So they won't give you the business logic side of things All these tools all these command line tools as far as they're concerned and into the mint They don't care if it's 15 or 5% But everything else they can pretty much do and the great thing is that it happens automatically after every code push If you put it into your you know continuous integration you use Travis or Jenkins or whatever then this happens all the time and after every push you get a little bit of feedback to see what you Just did and whether it was better or worse, which is kind of cool And you can get you know pep8 compliance that kind of stuff and for me I really learned of by doing pylons and running pylon especially on all these all my code I really learned a few things and Yeah, so I'm gonna come back to this sort of number to track in the end because that yeah, I'll talk about that later So Hands up who knows roughly what's gonna happen based on this slide Okay, that's that's a fair amount. So this is a fairly common python gotcha You have a keyword argument with a default value, which is a list or a dictionary You do something to the argument you get and then you return it So let's say you call append one with no arguments. It uses this list It appends one to an empty list you get a list of one great you do it again now you've got two things Okay, that sucks and this is really annoying to debug and like I say, this is a fairly common python gotcha, but 20% of repositories that landscape checks have this error in them somewhere So out of 1,500 Yeah, 20% of those actually have this error This is a really, you know, this is something you shouldn't do and yeah I'm not gonna go into why because you can You can find that on the internet but pilot it will find this for you and interestingly even pie charm Which I think is a fantastic IDE and has the best static analysis of any idea. I've tried will not warn you about this So here's an example of how automatic code reviews can help you find bugs before they become bugs This is another one. This is something that I really learned If you call logging dot debug with a string and you want to see the values of foo and bar You will have the string with formatting parameters and you'll kind of squash them in there And then you will call logging dot debug thing is this is apparently turns out This is the wrong way to do it What will happen here is that you will interpolate the string and then call logging dot debug and if your logging dot debug is you know, if your logging level is info warning above whatever then That logging dot debug call is basically not but you've already wasted time doing the string interpolation And it turns out that you can pass in foo and bar as arguments to logging dot debug and it will interpolate the string for you That's pretty cool And I certainly didn't know that and again 10% of repositories do this of the 10% that landscape checks Then of course this style guide. So, you know, maybe you maybe you work with a monster who'll write code like this Like this is horrible. This person probably uses tabs instead of spaces, okay? So, you know, it's nice to have this conformity and style and again This talk really isn't about why but if you want that you can run pep8.py to enforce conformity with the pep8 style guide style Advisory I guess you could say so Next slide so up until now what I've talked about are things that you can find by Checking your code for errors, but a project isn't just the code especially for web applications having old versions of Requirements for example can be a vulnerability ask anyone in the rails community how that can go horribly wrong Fortunately Django hasn't had so many problems, but there are consistently security Editions to libraries and you know security bug fixes that come out So a way you can check this is if you have a virtual environment with all of your dependencies installed If you're on pip list hyphen o on a fairly new of I think it's pip version 1.4 I can't remember exactly it'll tell you what requirements you have that are old and This is kind of useful if you want slightly more involved There's requires that I own gymnasium.com which will take your code I think they only work with github certainly requires that I oh does it will take your Code out of github it look at your requires the text or set of the py and it will tell you Which libraries are using that are out of date and it will tell you okay? This one's a security problem. This one's a you know, just regular minor update that kind of stuff So this is pretty important especially for web apps and there are so many tools out there Like I really don't have time to go into all of them Pie flakes is kind of the big one that I'm not going to have time to talk about and Chances are if you use sort of Vim or emacs You're probably using a plugin that uses flake 8 under the hood which uses py flakes again Frosted is a new fork of py flakes, which is a little more maintained McCabe is really cool. It will it takes her code and it kind of looks for too many branches Oh, yeah, sorry. I forgot to mention. You see this little tiny link at the bottom that no one can see because it's too small This is car crowded comm slash EP 14 all of the things I'm talking about right now There's links to them on this page So you don't have to worry about finding these afterwards you can just go to that page and and look at all the links and everything So yeah, so there's all these other tools Jedi is a pretty interesting new thing, which is the guy who does it is doing a talk on Jedi straight after this talk in I think it's B 07. It's one of the B rooms at David Halt is going to be there doing a talk on that pyrom is pretty fun. It checks your setup to py to make sure you're doing the You're a good citizen if you want to have an open source library. So there's so many tools out there But these tools exist why don't people use them or how can you get the most out of it? Obviously if you have a brand new project then setting this kind of stuff up at the beginning is really cool You can as your project evolves you can evolve how you're doing all this checking and that kind of stuff But most of us don't have the luxury of starting a new project You you haven't you know, you have an existing code base You have a mature code base and you run pilot for the first time and you get like a thousand errors and you look at anything Oh my god, I can't deal with this So the way to get the most out of it is well step number one is understanding what these tools give you It's not a list of errors. It's a list of suggestions.  Yeah, that's a good point Yeah, it's a bug but sometimes you're gonna find things that are more Is this right it's like someone looking over your shoulder and going are you sure Which is you know that that's the attitude to have when looking at the output of this tools Like don't be intimidated by a thousand errors that don't doesn't mean you have a thousand errors the second thing is Spend time tuning the tools the all of them are configurable and all of them have variable levels of you know How how much do you care about this? Maybe you don't care about a specific error. You can just turn it off It's it's worth doing this it really is and I'll come back to that in a second And then again measure and track over time is my next slide This for me, this is the most important slide of or most important concept over this whole thing you really need to be Concentrating on how you've improved or made things worse than last time you can't just look at the absolute value So if today is better than yesterday, then you've improved and you're doing well, and that's all that matters So in order to do that you need to measure and track the output of these things So as an example Some CI servers like Jenkins have a pilot plug-in and you get a little kind of graph over time of how many errors Pilot finds that kind of stuff If you have graphic sorry graphites or influx DB set up, which you may already have Maybe your ops team have this kind of setup and you can beg them to use it or whatever It's really great simple way to pass in numbers and then track these numbers over time And if you have a nice dashboard on front of this like Tesla or Grafana You get this beautiful pretty page that everyone enjoys looking at which gives you a little graph that goes up Or a little graph that goes down and if it goes down you can think okay Maybe we need to spend time refactoring our code Maybe we need to concentrate on this and if it goes up you can feel good about yourself At the very least Just just do something like pipe the output into word count and see how many errors you had this time compared to last time If you if all you have is a number that goes up or down You're still going to be doing pretty well and then tuning so Again all these tools have a way to configure things I think that the majority of people when they try pilot for the first time on a mature code base or other All these other tools, but especially pilot because it's you know, it's the most involved one It's kind of the the most mature one and it finds the most bugs because it actually does a whole bunch more stuff than say pyflakes does That you can sit there and you can tweak it and you can spend a long time doing this and it's again It's really worth it. If you spend four hours digging through the config digging through all of the The manual pages and all that kind of stuff trying to figure out what's going on and then apply that to your pilot RC so that the output is actually relevant to your project, you know, maybe it's four hours Maybe it's a day, but it almost certainly will save you four hours or a day in the future because it'll find bugs Or it'll make your project more maintainable and that means that future problems future features will be much easier to actually Do So it's worth spending the time and yeah again I don't really have time to kind of go into exactly what you can do But for example, if you google around you will find pilot RC files that people have already created Typically so the second one here I created this a while ago because it annoyed me that pilots would warn about things in Django that weren't really warnings So if you have a Django model you have a dot objects model manager. That's that happens at runtime It's part of the meta programming of Django So it doesn't exist when pilot looks at it and therefore pilot will warn it will say my model dot objects does not exist And yeah, it does so you can write your own customer plugins or you can tune this with pilot RC So the benefit of the plug-in approach, which takes a little more time and it's a little more involved But you can control exactly what kind of things you can Pilot will turn off or turn on you can kind of say okay I'm going to override this specific error in this specific instance rather than having to turn off all Examples of this specific error. So if you're interested in writing a plug-in the documentation on pilot log will help you Use this as kind of a reference. It's a little hacky, but it's better than nothing and yeah again Spending the time upfront is It'll make things more useful. I believe So by this point, I hope you're all kind of thinking wow, this is really super cool But if you're still not willing to you know spend a little time then I suggest you try out prospective Which is a tool that came out of landscape So the original point of landscape was like I say to to try and make things super easy for people to get get started but There was a part of that which was bringing together all these tools configuring them in a kind of best guess kind of way and adapting them slightly if you're running Django and so on and I pulled that bit out and moved it into a separate open source project called Prospector, which is a command line tool and it's it's really a layer on top of pylons and Pyflix and pep8 and all this kind of stuff. It's it's It does its best to kind of guess what you want. So for example, it turns off a bunch of really picky errors By default which you can turn on but by default it tries to it tries to make it so the first time you run it on a big code base You will get something out of it Which is actually useful to you and you're not sort of swamped by little picky errors You kind of really see the the core of the problem and Yeah, it tries to From your requirements of text if you're running Django, it'll try and figure that out and try and use the plug-in So hopefully I'm gonna create some more plugins for things like twisted and other frameworks and try and improve this further and further So if you really this this is sort of to steal a phrase from Python requests, it's static analysis for humans I'm trying to make it super easy to start with and if you need the power you can have it by just doing it yourself under the hood But going from zero to now I have static analysis. Hopefully this tool will help out So I kind of sped through this a little bit quicker than I expected so here is my conclusion Which is essentially I've already said this several times but spending time Spending time on this will really really benefit you and it's about, you know Developer cost and that kind of thing if you spend the time doing it up front It may seem like it's a little bit like you're not working on features, but it will come back to you in the future you will You will benefit from this at some point and yeah, most important thing is keep track of the metrics Keep track of what's happening from these tools keep track of what they're telling you Because even if you don't agree with them if they're telling you less than last time It's probably because you got less errors. It's probably because you're doing better Yeah, so I've kind of sped through this a whole lot quicker than I expected But anyway, so this is the big list of links the top one has links to all the stuff that I just talked about and Yeah, that's that's pretty much it Yeah, so I suppose it wasn't a question exactly but yeah So the first bite was the default argument might be intentional and how do you deal with intentional? Think things that the tools find that are problems that are actually on purpose and So yeah adding a comment for the next developer is kind of useful But you're still gonna get that error out of the tool and each of them have kind of ways to turn these things on or off It's a little more involved and one thing I'd really like to do with landscape and prospector is have a sort of interactive mode That you can that will help you do that because you have to dig through the configuration and find out Okay, what is the error code and how do you turn this off? So yeah, of course Yeah, so not just deactivating the error, but also explaining why it was deactivated Not exactly so the question is landscape doesn't actually deal with these with the configuration files, especially for pylons and It's kind of on the roadmap one of the problems with pylons is that you can you can sort of load arbitrary plugins And there's no real way to sort of do that. So I need to spend a little time figuring out which part of the config I can apply Prospector will do its best to deal with talks.ini and setup.cfg for you know pep8, pyflix, that kind of stuff But you're right Landscape, I mean it's still a work in progress and there's still a lot to be done So it doesn't do that for now And it's really for people who don't do any analysis right now and they want to start rather than for people who already do it And want a way to graph it, but it's coming So I wouldn't say I'm a relative newbie. I've been doing it for like three years or so like like I Accumulated this knowledge over the course of doing all this stuff So I forgot to repeat the question which I'm supposed to do which is how discoverable are the tools and I think again This is maybe something that needs a little work You tend to I found out about it from word of mouth. There's no centralized thing. I think Matt who does Full stack Python mentioned yesterday that he was thinking about sort of adding a separate section on how do you test? How do you do static analysis that kind of stuff which would be I think would be a real benefit I Will certainly do that. Yeah, cool. There's one here behind he's hiding from you Pip rot, okay. Oh, that's pretty cool. So pip rot is is a tool for Apparently for figuring out holds or requirements. Oh, yeah, that sounds pretty useful Yeah, I imagine there's I listed a bunch of tools that I've heard of but I'm sure there are many many more


Hi, we are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. We are checking out the all-new 2019 Ram 1500 Crew Cab, 6 foot 4 inch short box. This truck has the MSRP of 62 250 and we're just going to go around and check out all the options on this vehicle so that you can get a really good idea of the options and design of the all-new Ram for this particular price point. As you can see it has the Ram stamped grille, the LED running lights, the LED headlamps, and the LED fog lights. It does have the front sonar, which is nicely hidden in the black inserts. Also, this one has the 360 surround camera. Got the camera right there for the front. This truck comes with Bridgestone Duler, HL tires. These are 275 55 R20s, and these are the all-new 20 inch painted and polished aluminum Laramie rims. As we go down this side of the truck one of the options on this truck is the new power fold-out running boards. So they fold out when you open the doors and then in about five seconds they retract back into the truck. The color on this truck is Diamond Black Crystal Pearl. This one has the wheel liners, which are nice to keep your underbody of your truck nice and clean. This one has the LED tail lights, the dual rear exhaust, because it has the 5.7 liter hemmy, full towing package, which includes the receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. My favorite feature on the new Rams, this one has, which is the power down tailgate. So basically you just press this button on your key fob twice, and that tailgate drops down for you. This one also comes with the spring bedliner, the rail cargo management system, and the LED bed lighting. It's nice about that LED bed lighting. You can turn it off or on with a button back here. And that's a factory spraying bedliner. The new Ram emblem on the back is really good-looking as well, and there's your backup camera in the handle there. LED tail lights down this side of the truck. The new thing for 2019, they all come with the capitalist fuel fill, which is a really nice feature. You're not going to get gas on your hands. This one has the all-new mirrors as well. You get turn signals, line spot monitoring, line spot mirrors, and they're heated. They also power fold in. This one has the enter and go system, so you just have to have the key on you. Put your hand in, you'll notice that it's registering right there when I put my hand in the handle, and it'll automatically unlock. Inside the Laramie package gives you the black leather with the suede inserts, the Laramie stitch backrest. Both these seats are heated and cooled and power. Driver side lumbar, factory floor mats, power windows, power locks, power mirrors. These mirrors do fold in like so, and they also power fold out. Memory driver seat, nice wood grain trim. This is suede right here as well. Nice leather wrap, soft touch leather, power pedals, auto headlamps, and as we check out inside the vehicle, you can see this one has the 7-inch TFT display, has the digital speedometer. You also have your, on the right there, that's your lane departure warning. This one also comes with the compass, outside temperature display. And the digital odometer, which is pretty cool. Looks like the old-school mechanical ones. Really good layout. This one has a heated leather wrap steering wheel, adaptive cruise control, gear selector, Bluetooth audio controls. These controls are for your information center up there. And this one has the all-new 12-inch Uconnect radio. What's great about this radio is it's still made by Uconnect, so all the features that you were used to with the 8.4 are on this radio, so it's really easy to use and really like what they did with it. So basically, this is your 360 surround camera. You can select which camera you want to view, or if you just want the backup camera. You also have your heated seat controls right here. You can deploy those step bars with the button right there. This one has the CD player. It has a wireless charging pad for your cell phone, right in the spot where you want to put your cell phone. So that's a really nice feature as well. Works for Android. Also works for Apple. Has a 115 volt 400 watt plug-in down there. Lots of storage space underneath. Right there. Also has a coin holder, cup holders, and one thing I found neat has little mathematical equations underneath. In case you ever wanted to know your trigonometry ratios or your Pythagorean theorem, they have that and a compass on there too. So neat stuff that RAM incorporates. You also have a media center hookup. So you have two USBs, an AUX jack, and a USB-C.  So back to the radio. Really cool stuff that goes on here. You can turn that off and on.  It has the temperature. Everything out there. Very very cool stuff. You can select what top cards you want on there or what apps or buttons you want on there right now. So you can do your climate control from here as well. Go back to the home screen. You got your nav. Go back to home again. Click that off. Select what you want. You can put that all up there. Just a lot of stuff going on on this screen. So you can set it up too. Pretty new to the screen here. So you got all your normal buttons on the bottom too. So you can go to your apps. You can customize those. I'm pretty sure you can grab these and put them back down here if you want. So now you want the surround camera back there. Very cool stuff. It has AM, FM, Serious Satellite, CD player in the dash. You have dual glove boxes up here. You have the assist and SOS buttons. You can do your power drop-down tailgate there. You have your home link buttons. And this one has the all-new panoramic sunroof. Which is a really cool feature. Really brightens up the inside of the truck. Notice the stitching on the seat there. A lot of craftsmanship that goes into these trucks. The woodgrain trim. This one also comes with the Harman Kardon sound system. So a really nice sound system in this vehicle. We'll take a quick look at the back seats. I don't want the video to go too long, but if I still have your interest you can check out the back seats with me. These back seats are heated. You have the power slide and rear window with the built-in rear defrost. Latch child safety system. New for 2019 is the reclining back seats. These seats also fold up and how you recline those you just press this little lever right here that releases it. You can move it forward and back. So to get it back, I just grab the handle and push back on it. Very easy. You'll notice that the back floor is completely flat, which is really nice. If you got to haul some stuff or if you have pets they got a nice flat area to lay. They have finally named this bin back here as the RAM bin. You can remove this insert. This plastic insert comes out. But what's cool on here is they have a ruler on both sides, whether you want metric or standard. And it goes up to 15 inches in case my guess is if you're going fishing, you've got this full of ice. You want to bring your fish back and measure them before you put them in here. You can do that. Just cool little stuff that Dodge does to make their vehicles more functionable. There are your heated seats, two USB C's and two USB's back here. And then another 115 volt 400 watt plug-in. But you can see how that panoramic sunroof looks. Very nice. Wood grain trim back here. The sound system is awesome in this truck. And just wanted to thank you for checking out the video. If you want to see more pictures of this truck or one of the other five trucks we got coming in just like it, go to www.summitauto.com or summitautomotive. Both work. Check us out there. Full pictures and descriptions of every vehicle on our lot. Videos of every single used vehicle on our lot. Thanks again for checking out the video. If you want to make this one yours, give us a call right now.<PHONE_NUMBER>. Ask for one of our sales associates to make this truck. Or one just like it, yours today. Once again that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Thanks again for checking out the video. If you want to check out more videos, go to www.youtube.com or summitautomotive.com. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos you see there. In fact, in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more half ton truck videos and new inventory on your right. If you haven't been to our website on the bottom link to this truck on our website, click those. Check us out. And we really look forward to helping you with this super clean, brand new 2019 Ram 1500 Crew Cab, 6 foot 4 inch short box. Thanks again.


Okay, so this time we'll do one of these kind of anomalous atoms, so remember boron, carbon, and nitrogen have that weird feeling pattern, okay? So we're going to do the molecular orbital theory analysis of C2 2 plus. Okay, so in order to do this, we've got to write the electronic configuration of the atomic carbon, right? And, well in this case it's going to be carbon plus and carbon plus, right? Because if we add carbon plus and carbon plus, it's going to give us C2 plus. So at the bottom here, we've got the 2s orbital of the carbon and the 2s orbital of the other carbon. And then we show the bonding orbital, and again like I was saying, I don't have very much room on this board, so it's going to be really kind of flat. Anti-bonding orbital, so we call this the sigma 2s orbital, sigma star 2s orbital. Okay, up here we're going to have the 2p orbital, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2p. So remember in this case the pi orbitals are filled first, okay? So down here we're going to have 2 pi orbitals, then the sigma orbital, like that. Okay, so this is called pi 2p, and this is also a pi 2p. And this is sigma 2p, the pi star 2p, pi star 2p. The very top is going to be star, something like that. If you're not, you're going to have to memorize. Okay, so now let's fill up our electrons. Okay, so C plus has how many electrons? One, two, four, but minus that fourth one, so we only have three, right? So how do we fill that up? Well, one, two, like that. Is everybody okay with that? It's like you would normally do. C plus, same thing over here, one, two. Okay, so down here we're going to have 2 pi because we have four, so we have to have four. So here, what are we going to do? Well, one electron, so remember all of our rules, right? We've got to remember one's rule, we've got to remember the poly-exclusion principle, we've got to remember off-valve principle, okay? So if we remember all of those, these two, and I know all of my lines are kind of at an angle here, but these two are of equivalent energy, right? So what's going to happen? So we're going to have electrons looking like that. So now let's go about determining the bond order. So bond order is going to equal one-half bonding electrons minus the anti-bonding electron. So how many bonding electrons do we have? Help me out. Four, right? One, two, three, four. How many anti-bonding do we have? Two. So one-half, four minus two is two, so that's going to equal what? One. So does this molecule exist? Yes, it exists. Why? Because the bond order is greater than zero, okay? So let's draw the electron configuration for this thing, okay? So how will we do that? So what did we say? Well, we've got to put sigma 2s, and we're just doing the electron configuration for the valence show, okay? If we wanted to do the whole thing, it would be sigma 1s2, sigma star 1s2. Okay, so let's do the whole thing. So sigma 1s2, sigma star 1s2, right? That's the inner electrons. So sigma 2s, help me out. Two, good job. Sigma star 2s, what? Two, good job. And then here we say pi to e. So the last thing I want to ask is, would this be attracted to a molecule? What would you think? Yes. Why? Because we have these unfair colloquial systems, okay? So, uh...


This has really been a dream come true to be able to spend a year here in veiled training at the Sedman Clinic. I still remember pretty vividly how excited I was to receive my match email. I think that excitement is really carried through this whole year. I think being able to work with all of these world-class surgeons and see firsthand not only truly innovative surgical procedures, but also technical finesse and efficiency of movement that not only inspiring but pretty humbling when you kind of critically look at yourself towards the end of residency. There were a number of projects that I became interested in just didn't have the resources to accomplish. And then when I started here, found out that Dr. Heward and the team had already been thinking about those same projects and already had NIH funding for that. And so to kind of be able to piggyback and build off the groundwork that's already been laid here has been a definite highlight of the year. I have to give my wife a huge shout out. She was a neurology attending at the Cleveland Clinic prior to coming out this year and kind of had to put her career on hold for me to be able to pursue my dream of coming out here. And she's been a total rock star in terms of holding down her family for it and taking great care of our two young kids. Just the final thank you to the attendings. Thank you for your investment of time, you know, resource and knowledge into all of the fellows. Attendings are what makes this place like the legendary place it is and I hope to live up to the reputation of this fellowship.


Yeah, yeah, yeah, it's your boy, DJ Bless, a.k.a. Sutter Kane. Back up in the place to be, Adam Does Movies presents Movies with My Black Friend. Me and my friend Adam got a podcast out right now, Movies with My Black Friend. We review movies, talk shit, have fun, have a good time. Make sure you check it out on all streaming networks, Apple, Spotify, everywhere, at MoviesWithMyBlackFriend.com. Thanks, Bless. Subscribe. We'll see you soon.