Well, today we join the rest of the world in celebrating Public Services Day. On this the 23rd of June, which is the day designated by the United Nations as the day when we celebrate and commemorate Public Service Day. The theme for this year's celebration is very apt, action today, impact tomorrow, innovating and transforming the public service and institutions to realize sustainable development goals. Of course, as we celebrate in St. Lucia, we do so at a time when the importance of the public service and the work of public servants have come to in sharp focus over the last few months. Within the COVID environment, it provided an opportunity for us to see public servants at work, dedicating themselves, sacrificing their families in service of the nation. I would like to take this opportunity even as we celebrate Public Service Day in St. Lucia to express my personal gratitude to our frontliners, our firemen, our police officers, our nurses, our customs officials, those who worked at various departments of government keeping the operations of government going at a time when the entire nation needed that level of dedication and commitment. Of course, in today's world, the public service is no longer seen as a place where someone comes in for a secured job and all of the associated benefits. But it calls for a level of commitment and dedication to service, service to people and community. And so in celebrating Public Service Day today, I want to congratulate all of our public servants for your hard work and dedication over the years. And in particular, I want to call on every public servant to remember that ours is an opportunity for service, an opportunity to make a difference. And so we look forward to your continued commitment and dedication, your continued professionalism as we lead by example in providing the level of service and customer service to our customers, the public of St. Lucia. Congratulations to all of you. And once again, I wish to express my gratitude to all the public servants in the Public Service of St. Lucia for your service and commitment over the years and encourage that we raise the standard, that we establish a performance standard at the highest level so that the public of St. Lucia will be satisfied with the services provided through our public servants. Thank you and may God bless you.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jasby's Case Breaks.com coming at you with another random letter break Bowman University Chrome basketball. Random letter break number 27. 25, 26, 27 are from the same case, all card ship, a lot of great stuff. You know the drill by now. Big thanks to this group for making it happen. And we got four extra spots we're giving away. So top four after ten, we'll get extra spots in this break. One, two, three, four, ten. We got Carl Chris down to Nathan, or sorry, Carl, Carl Chris, Nathan, Tristan and Nathan. Top four, get extra spots. So we'll put those little rooftop symbols. Now we can randomize you some letters. Let's roll it, randomize it, four to one, five times our names and letters. One, two, three, four, five. You got Carl Chris down to Carl Chris. And four to one, five times, one, two, three, four, and five. We got M down to A. All right, so CKH with M, Tristan with B, Chris with WZR, Tristan S, Nathan D, Chris with J, Nathan K, Travis with P, Nathan E and G, Peg, right there, Nathan F and O, No, Tristan V, T, Nathan C, Greg LH, and Carl Chris with A. Let's sort by letter. All right, I doubt there's going to be any trades or traditionally aren't very many trades. I don't know. We've got the four boxes right here. I don't have to do any box randomizing or anything like that. Next four boxes are in the store. And that'll be from a fresh case. So we are going to pause here just for a second, and we'll see if there's any trades when we come back. Stick around. All right, welcome back everybody. No deals were done, so that list right here remains the same for break 27 here on Wednesday the 14th. Thanks everybody for making this happen. Appreciate it. See what we got in here. Got a little white socks at Dodgers on in the background. We got a double, double Wednesday night baseball game. I guess now that, now that hockey and basketball is officially over and get some more more baseball, I'm happy with that. Nice play, Jake Berver. Cover down 5-1. Now they're up 7-6. What happened? We got some games in the books. Blue Jays beat the Orioles 3-1. George Springer apparently, a 437 foot home run at Camden Yards. Not to be outdone, Ronald Acuna crushes A. It's 461 foot home run. Could Ronald Acuna have a 40-40 season? I mean, that would lock him in as NLMVP, I would think. Braves beat the Tigers 6-5. That was the game 2 of a double header. They were making up a game. In extras, Giants beat the Cardinals 8-5. Giants score 3 in the 10th to sweep the Cardinals. Gabe, what's going on? Gilo in the house. Brew Crew fell to the Twins. Twins beat the Brewers 4-2. Carlos Correa with a 2-1 triple against the Brewers. In game 1 of the double header, Braves all beat the Tigers 10-7. Michael Harris with a home run. Games in progress will go through after in the second box. Freddie Freeman gets dinged right in the side by Clevenger. It's gonna leave a mark. What a season JD Martinez has been having. Batting in 3rd. He already has 16 homers this season. We've got an Orange Shimmer race Thompson. 13 out of 25. Got our first Caitlyn Clark. Going to letter C, that's for Nathan. Race Thompson will go to Carl Chris and the letter R. This is Cam Whitmore. Letter C, Nathan. Looks like a base-loaded walk and three singles in a row. Just score 6 total on it. Wow. And the lead-off walk never leads to anything good. Cam Whitmore purple shimmer which are not numbered and Malik Renault is your second autograph. There's two per box and that's gonna go to Chris and the letter M. Look at that. Freddie Freeman with the stolen base. 102 out of 499. We got a Jared Bynum. 55 out of 75. Yellow parallel going to Chris and the letter J. Alright box one in the books. Baseball games in progress. I think going to the bottom of the eighth Yankees Mets tied at 3. I think that's on ESPN 1. My god, it's on ESPN 2. Bottom of the fifth. Red Sox leading the Rockies 1-0. Going into the bottom of the eighth. Rangers leading the Angels 4-1. Rex was mentioning his Cubs. Yeah, top of the eighth. Cubs are leading 7-6. Bottom of the eighth. Reds are leading the Royals in Kansas City 4-3. Going to the bottom of the ninth. Nationalists and Astros are tied at 4. And just the third innings. Marlins are in Seattle. They're up 1-0 early. Phillies are up early on the Dimebacks 2-0 in the third. And the third, A's ahead of the Rays 3-1. And then the Padres are ahead of the Guardians 2-0. Bottom of the third. And White Sox Dodgers scoreless in the first game. Oh yeah, I don't know if we ever really completed that conversation, right? Yeah, who do you think benefits the most for a trade with Strowman? Who do you benefit the most? Ideally, both teams will benefit. But I don't think there's gonna be, you know, I mean, I don't think the Cubs would be trading for like current big leaguers, right? Would be my thing if they're trading Strowman.  Probably contenders who need pitching. It's called Alware to 3.99. Dodgers could certainly use some starting pitching. I mean, everyone can use starting pitching. So that's gonna be an interesting one. I think Cubs GM probably fielding a lot of phone calls right now. Giants?  Everyone's a possibility. There's Drew Timay to 1 at 50. Nice. Strowman stated that he doesn't want to leave Chicago because of the atmosphere. He said, I love this field there. Yeah. I mean, what else did you expect him to say?  Can't wait to be traded. There's J.J. Starling. Chris with the letter J. That's to 4.99. Yeah, wouldn't, definitely wouldn't be the first to say something like that. I wouldn't really take too much on. And besides, I don't think it's really his, his choice. You know, he doesn't have, unless he has no trade clause, I don't think he really has a choice to say where he can go or not go. I think it's, that's, so do I think that any player who says this thing doesn't, never means it? Yeah, I kind of do actually. Especially while they're an active, I mean, now when they say it after their careers over, you know, maybe they can be a little more honest about where they enjoyed playing and not enjoyed playing. But I think most of the time, every player is gonna be, you know, generally pretty respectful to the team that's paying a million dollars into the fans for spending a lot of money to go see that person play. Even if they hate it, I don't think they're ever gonna say. They're always gonna be very glowing about the team they play for. And why would you say anything bad about any city? Because you may be traded there someday, or someone may be giving you big money in free agency someday. So you can't really, I think, trust anything a player says about that sort of stuff until their career is over. Or if a player takes the rare discount. If Strowman loves it so much, you know, maybe he'll come back and, and take a discount for the Cubs if he loves it that much. But yeah, I don't think they ever made it. It's just like, it's just like the GMs who are like, yeah, we're gonna, you know, who know that they're not competitive. They're gonna be like, we're gonna be competitive this season. I mean, why would you say otherwise? Right? Not that it matters. Strowman can say he loves playing in Chicago as much as he wants to. But if the GM is smart and realizes, hey, we can move this guy and get a ton of assets in return for a guy that can, that could opt out at the end of the year. Absolutely. That's what you got. That's what you got to do. There's Jet Howard, Purple Mini Diamonds at $3.99. I don't know. Very rarely. Rex, I don't think very many teams are like, hey, we'll trade you now and then get you back in the offseason. Has it happened before? Yes. Ooh, nice Drew Timmy autograph. Letter D, Nathan. I think he had a pretty good NTAA tournament. 99 out of 199. You know, and at the end of the day, it's, it's all about, it's all about money. There's Nick Smith, Jr. at $2.99. I mean, Strowman could love that atmosphere as much as, as much as he wants. But if the Cubs low ball him, tries to, tries to pay him or offer him something that's under his market value. Uh-oh. It's a shake burger against Kershaw. I better have him my fantasy team.  I do have him in the fantasy team. That takes the sting off a little bit. And we got a Jordan Hawkins from Yukon. Chris with the letter J. Good role does Chapman get traded then go back? I guess he did. Did he get traded by the Yankees, went to the Cubs, and then went back to the Yankees. Was that what it was? All right. Fourth and final box. So is Kershaw having a decent season? Well, he's eight and four with a 295 eRA with 93 strikeouts over just 76 innings and a 1.08 whip. I'd say that's pretty good. I'd say that's more than decent. I would say he's going to get Cy Young votes. I don't think he's going to win Cy Young, but I think he's going to get Cy Young votes for sure. Kershaw doesn't mind giving up a solo run. Not with the way the Dodgers office has been playing really well. Yeah, it is surprising. He's 35, turned 35 in March.  But I was listening on MLB Network, they were saying that over the recent years they've really worked on a lot of different, obviously his velocity is a lot lower. He's probably popping out at like 92 or 93 or something like that these days, as opposed to the other younger days when he's hitting like 96, 97 on the gun. His foreseeing fastball 91 miles per hour, so he's had to reinvent himself a little bit as a pitcher. And I think it's been working. I mean, he's been struggling with injuries almost every year now. But when he's healthy, he's just been pitching really well. You never know with those back injuries. Just like NIL now, same Chris. How do you mean? What's like, what's like the NIL now? Remember the purple shimmers are not numbered. And there's Armando Bacot for Chris in the letter A. CKH in the chat. 424 out of 499. And there's Caitlin Clark, nice and Victor card here for Nathan in the letter C. You have the same back problem as Kershaw. Lower back stuff. It's been really getting him sometimes. You're surprised he's pitching. I mean, maybe Gilo, if you were getting the medical care that professional athletes get, maybe you'd be out and about with more of a spring in your step. Yeah, the partially herniated disc. Kolell aware to 399.  There's Kiki Rice to 199 for the letter K. That's for Nathan. How'd you herniate your disc? That sounds like, sounds like, sounds not good. And there's Caleb Love, Nathan in the letter C. And there's the rest. That was random letter break number 27. I'm Joe for jasphyscasebreaks.com and I'll see you next time for the next random letter break. Bye bye.


One of the things that's really interesting to me as well as very surprising is how often I have conversations with patients who aren't aware of what acupuncture or Chinese herbs can actually treat. So I figured in this video I would share what I think are five unique and very important, like day to day, very important benefits of acupuncture as well as Chinese herbs. Hey, it's Dr. Alex Hein, author of the health book, Master the Day. Now I've included two very important links below this video. If you click the link right below this video, you'll have two options. One is to come see me as a patient in my private practice or in my online telemedicine practice. And the second is for a free download, which is five daily rituals that can help you potentially add 10 years to your life. There are five Chinese medicine or Taoist practices that can really help you live better. So you can check out those two resources right beneath this video. So the first benefit is parasympathetic activation. Now in school, you probably learned rest and digest or fight and flight. Well, rest and digest is parasympathetic mode, where your body is relaxing, your body can produce enzymes to help digestion better, and it can help you sleep and rest and recover. Now I was at Providence Hospital in Portland, Oregon for one of my shifts when I was in school. And I was actually on an oncology, so a cancer shift. And one thing that really surprised me, you know, as a student, you're not always so confident because you don't have the clinical experience yet to say, well, I'm certain this will work or I know how long this will take to work. So I just approached it with an open mind and I checked into my supervisor and I was really shocked to find that a lot of my patients reported that the 48 hours after acupuncture were often the only two really good nights of sleep that they had each week. And I didn't normally think of acupuncture by itself without herbs as something for sleep. But it's something that I tend to see often clinically. And I think that acupuncture is really, really effective for anything related to the nervous system, anything related to stress. So that's why it can work wonders for not only things like insomnia, mood, issues related to reproduction, like women's health, regulating the menstrual cycle, as well as digestion and bowel movements. So that was something that actually really surprised me. The second really cool benefit is that acupuncture and Chinese herbs can really help the menstrual cycle. We had this patient when I was back in school and her chief complaint was that she was trying to have a regular cycle. She was having dysmenorrhea, so pain with her menses, as well as cycles that were just going really, really long, 30, 40, 50, 60 days, or completely missing them altogether. Now we gave her acupuncture and I was surprised to find out that by the end of that shift that we were on, she actually had to leave the room and run out because she had her cycle right then and there from the acupuncture. So even though that's not that common, and obviously I don't want that to happen to my patients because it's a little embarrassing, that sometimes shows how quickly it can open the floodgates and regulate what has been dysregulated. The third really unique benefit is that it can help you poop better. Now digestive problems are probably in the top five problems I see clinically. I've suffered from lifelong digestive problems, and that's actually what got me into Chinese medicine in the first place. But one of the things, again, the first point here was that acupuncture is amazing for putting your body back into rest and digest, parasympathetic, I'm on vacation chilling with a myotide mode, and that's really important for most of the conditions that we end up seeing. So bowel movements are one of the things that are also closely tied to parasympathetic or sympathetic. Most of us have experienced the feeling of having a really, really busy day or having to run out to catch a flight in the morning, and then we miss our morning bowel movement or having diarrhea because there's work stress or there's some kind of life stress going on. So our bowel movements are really intimately tied with our physiological state, and that state is closely tied to the state of our nervous system and our emotions. The fourth really surprising benefit of acupuncture in Chinese herbs is that they can really dramatically improve your mood. I, again, this was not something that was really on my radar before I started practicing. You know, I've been a patient for a long time, and most of my own problems were really organic in the sense that they were just digestive problems. But I've had so many patients since that they say, you know, wow, I feel so calm the next day or two days or three days after treatment, and I don't know why, I just feel so relaxed and so calm. Even if that wasn't the treatment goal that we were working on, that was an unintended benefit or an unintended positive side effect of the treatment. Now there are some really interesting studies that are going around on not only the speed at which acupuncture can work, but also the degree of the endorphins that are secreted and the subsequent pain killing effect that rivals many of the conventional treatments for that pain relief. Now I thought, you know, I'm a scientist, I'm a skeptic, so I found some of those things to be quite surprising until I regularly started hearing them from my patients myself. Now the fifth surprising benefit is that surprisingly acupuncture can make you feel way less anxious. I was going to this practitioner and my secondary complaint was this feeling of anxiety because I was having really severe insomnia. Now, I never in a million years would have thought that I would have had someone put needles in my body to deal with anxiety. But if you've had acupuncture, you know that they're not really needles in the hypodermic needle sense that you associate with going to a doctor and getting, you know, a vaccine or injection or getting a blood draw, like those hurt. Acupuncture needles are not like that. They're not hollow. They're not a huge thick gauge like that because they're not designed. They don't need to be hollow to draw blood. That is not the purpose of an acupuncture needle. They're often as thin as a human hair. And I shared it in one of my previous videos here on just how big an acupuncture needle really is. But I was surprised getting treated for this anxiety that the acupuncturist at the time was doing the acupuncture and I was starting to get more and more anxious. And eventually she said, relax, hang out. And then she came back and I didn't realize I had actually fallen asleep for a half hour. And in my mind, I'm like, she put needles in my body for anxiety and I fell asleep. But that's not uncommon. In fact, I have a lot of patients with just general anxiety all the way up to severe, severe anxiety, who report finally being able to be relaxed from acupuncture and from Chinese herbs. So it doesn't sound like that would be something it would work on. But it's really impressive actually clinically how well it can work. Now those are five, what I think are fairly surprising benefits of acupuncture. Now again, you guys, if you're interested, you want to come see me as a patient, the first link below this video is an email to get in contact with me or to directly go ahead and book a patient's spot on my calendar. And there's also another link for a three PDF if you just enter your email on five daily rituals that can help you add 10 years to your life with traditional Chinese medicine. So there are these five Taoist rituals practices you can do every single day. So you can check those two links out below this video. But before you go, don't forget to check out these two related videos here.


So, essentially, a political journalist has been asked to moderate a session on as hard-core sector as energy from the Indian economy. I'll ask Honorable Minister Dharmine Pradhan, Minister for Union, Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, as also a steal, to come on the stage and make his opening remarks. And then, of course, I'll invite the panel, and then we'll have the discussion. Minister. Thank you, Prince. I am delighted to join the deliberations at the Indian Economy Summit with a thematic focus for this session on re-energizing India. I wish to compliment the World Economy Forum, the leading, the discourse on energy-related matters under the platform of shaping the future of energy. It is only natural that the global energy deliberations pay close attention to the developments in the energy sector in India. This has a lot to do with the emergence of India as the third-largest energy consumers in the world, and the fact that India is playing a leading role globally by implementing several transformative initiatives to reduce energy poverty in the country. Today, we are meeting in the backdrop of a major oil and gas crisis resulting from attacks on Saudi oil processing plants at Aba Kaik and Quraiz. The price volatility and the concern about sustained oil supplies made consuming countries vulnerable. Given the fact that India, along with most South Asian countries, have a major dependency on crude oil and gas imports, so securing affordable and sustainable energy figures as a top agenda for all these countries, including India. As we seek to transform India into a $5 trillion economy, it is imperative to increase energy availability to 1.3 billion people whose per capita energy consumption is lower than the global average. The energy demand thus is estimated to grow at 4.0 percent per annum up to 2035. Our approach to re-energizing India will be guided by energy vision of India as initiated by Honorable Prime Minister Narendra Modiji, covering the four pillars of energy success, energy efficiency, energy sustainability, and energy security. As part of our integrated approach towards energy planning, energy justice will also be a key objective in itself. Dear friends, Addressing United Nations Climate Action Summit in 2019, last week in Newark, Honorable Prime Minister Narendra Modi spelt out the elements of our approach to meet energy demand, keeping in view India's strong commitment to cope 21 and sustainable development. India will increase the share of non-fossil fuels by increasing renewable energy capacity to much beyond 175 gigawatt by 2022 and latter up to 450 gigawatt. We will make our transport sector green through e-mobility. The proportion of biofuel blend in petrol and diesel will be increased as we re-orientate energy policies. In this age of unprecedented energy transition, we will lay emphasis on advancing inclusive access, secure, affordable, and sustainable energy services. We are conscious of mounting challenges ahead of us. Our demand determination to end energy poverty in the country is evident from the outcomes of path-breaking policies and initiatives taken during the last five years and also thus set in motion since June this year. In this pursuit, we are paying close attention to innovation and clean energy. With our Prime Minister's vision of neighborhood fast, India has taken initiative to develop mutually beneficial energy corridors with other South Asian countries. The commissioning of India-Napal Petroleum Product Pipeline last month marks a new era. In this regard, India is also partnering with Maldives in changing over to energy-efficient LED bulbs. This is a definite need for integrating energy sources, be it petroleum products, LPG or LNG in South Asia, to regional electricity and gas grids. We are also working to reduce the carbon footprints by transfer of hydropower from Nepal and Bhutan to India and to the countries in the region. India, through the Sobhagya program, aims to achieve 100% electrification households in India by this year. Our ranking in World Bank is of getting electricity improved from 111 in 2014 to 29 in 2018. A blue flame revolution is transforming India's energy landscape, LPG coverage has reached more than 90% from 55% five years ago. The 80 million LPG connection was handed over last month. Our success in Ujwala program has attracted enormous global interest, including many developing countries keen to emulate this model of providing clean cooking fuel. Our immediate objective will be to enhance use of LPG in the South Asian region. We will for the first time be sourcing LPG from Bangladesh for our northeastern states. Just two days back, the national capital region moved into BS6 grade fuel equivalent to Euro 6 standards six months ahead of time. Cleaner fuels for transportation will continue to be an area of high priority. India is now leading the global movement, the embracing renewable energy sources. India's energy diplomacy resulted in the establishment of the international solar alliance. We are leading an example with a rapid growth in installed solar energy generation capacity targeted to reach 100 gigawatt by 2022. This is made possible with significant improvements in technology, price and performance. Moreover, creative business models have smart investments in this sector, where we are on our way to achieve this target. India has more than double the renewable power installed in the country of 80 to gigawatt in 2019. During the last five years, to gear up the significant expansion of the renewable energy power, apart from MNRE institutions such as IREDA, SCCI, as well as state and central regulators would be promoting their relative roles. Prime Minister Modi's vision of creating agri-entrepreneurs by transforming Anandata to Urjandata is another major transformative change taking shape in the country. Alternative fuels like ethanol, second-generation ethanol, compressed biogas and biodiesels will help in reducing country's crude oil import dependency. A major initiative to develop a gas-based economy is underway. Over 16,000 km of gas pipeline has been built and an additional 11,000 km is under construction. With the 10th bid round, per city gas distribution completed, it will cover 400 districts and will extend coverage 70% of our population. Another testimony of success in major path-breaking initiative is evident from the fact that India recorded the highest growth of foreign energy investments anywhere in the world, which touched $85 billion. Our target to transform India to a $5 trillion economy by 2024 requires a gradual and a major energy transition by deploying all sources of energy. We seek to provide energy justice to all the country with wider supply of environmental compatibility energy sources to its vast population. I am confident that the deliberations today would immensely enrich our understanding further in this area of high importance of India as well as other South Asian countries. I thank you for your kind attention. I believe we can start with the discussion inviting the panel. I'll invite Gauri Johar, she's Executive Director of Integrated Solutions, Energy White Perspectives, IHS Market India, Mr. Sumant Sinha, Chairman and Managing Director Renew Power India, and Mr. Mukesh Sarana, he's Chairman and Managing Director of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. I believe we had Mr. Chandrajit Banerjee also, but he had to drop out for some reasons. So this essentially completes the panel. I am Abhishek Kapoor, I am Executive Editor of the Republic Media Network, which is a network run and owned by Mr. Arunabh Goswami. I'll just give a brief introduction of our panelist, Ms. Johar, is essentially into consultancy and research in the energy and specifically guest sector. Mr. Sumant Sinha is, as I said, Chairman and Managing Director of Renew Power, and they are into renewables. They have their largest renewable portfolio as an IPP in the country, and Mr. Surana of course is a technocrat who has been with the HPCL for the longest time and is now its Chairman and Managing Director. So I believe, I'm sitting with experts of the sector, so I would prefer that I just moderate and they speak. The topic is re-energizing India. Now the minister, when he was speaking, he has actually given a certain direction where we can actually have this discussion. Now, when we say energy, India as of now has about 360 gigawatt of capacity installed capacity and going by our growth requirements and the population growth, we are looking at about three times that requirement of present requirement over the next decade. Now as of now, of the 360 gigawatt, about 60 percent comes from coal and the rest from other sources, so about 2 percent from nuclear, 12 percent from hydro and about 20-25 percent from other sources which includes petroleum, gas and other sources, biofuels. So now coal is dirty, nuclear is dangerous, it's renewable to the panacea, that's how I would like to start the debate with. Ms. Johar, if you can give your initial thoughts and then Mr. Sinha and then Mr. Surana. So I think renewables in terms of the climate footprint is definitely one of the options. It is however a part of the mix when we look at, because there are certain challenges on intermittency and variability that come with renewables just naturally because the sun doesn't shine and the wind doesn't blow all the time. And so you need a sort of a solutions where there's a partner fuels which can partner with renewables. Those solutions typically in many countries and I think we are looking at policy options on that is gas-based power. That how can gas-based power be a complement to renewables in terms of... Right, so you'll focus on gas, I mean, fine, so... Yeah, is this... Yeah, this is working. It's fine, okay, I can add that, yeah. Thank you. Yeah, no thanks a lot Abhishek. No, look, I think the question that you've posed is a very interesting one and I think Minister Pradhan also talked about it to some extent. As you said, currently the installed capacity is 350 gigawatts or thereabouts. Renewables accounts for about... For about 70, about 80 gigawatts, but in generation terms it's about 10% right now. Now, if we look at the fact that power demand is going at about 5% to 6% every year, by 2030 we would be looking at doubling the power demand that we have right now. Today we consume about 1.2 trillion units. In 12 years we'll be consuming about 2.4 trillion units. Now, if you look at the increase of 1.2, the question is where is that going to come from? Fundamentally is your question. Now, the interesting part is that let's assume we prioritize what we want to put into the mix first, right? And we say that because renewables is clean, it's modular, it's easy to set up, let's say we prioritize that and say, let's do as much of renewables as we can, right? And let's not put any constraining factors on it for the time being. What we want to understand is how practical are the targets. So I'll just come to that. That's what I'm getting into. Now, the reality is that just given the situation that we have in India in terms of the distribution company, financial health, the intermittency issue, the sheer physicality of actually executing large number of projects on the ground, given the fact that we're doing about 10 to 15 gigawatts every year of renewable capacity, you know, at best, to my mind over the next 10 to 12 years, we can maybe double that, maybe make it 25, 30 gigawatts every year. And then, of course, it bumps us against the government's target of four and 50 gigawatts. Let's assume we get to that number by 2030. Now, in terms of sheer amount of generation of power, that does not allow us to meet this incremental 1.2 trillion units of demand that we're going to be requiring to meet. What it does is it gets us approximately half the way there. These constraints are of capital or of technology. So there are a bunch of different constraints and, you know, constraints will emerge at different points in time. Today, we have a regulatory constraint. Tomorrow, it could be a discom financing constraint. You know, it could be a general overall financing constraint. And then, as I said, there's a connectivity issue. You have to have the grid that can also absorb so much power and so on. We will, I mean, get into detail. I just want to include Mr. Surana also in the initial comments. Mr. Surana, the minister mentioned something, you know, in his initial remarks. He said that because of the disruption that was caused recently in the Middle East because of the security situation there, it has consequences for our energy security. It has consequences for our price stability. So you, as someone who is heading one of the most important organizations in terms of keeping our energy security in mind, how do you see this disruption panning out and what exactly is happening to take care of that? Thank you very much. Or what needs to be done? Okay. I thought the initial narration started with predominantly on the power sector. But the total energy is predominantly, we can say, one is the transportation sector, one is the electric or power generation sector, and there is industrial sector. And while the power sector was predominantly dominated by coal, to some extent, the gas came in. Gas had a problem of the supplies, consistent supplies and enough availability. So coal remained a dominant player. Now, as far as the oil is concerned, you did start with saying that oil is considered dirty, the coal is considered dirty, and then the gas is there. Oil has got its own important in the total energy basket. So as of today, some 56% of the total, 29% of the total energy basket is oil, and around 6% is gas or 3%, 6% is gas. But with all the projection which we see with the most conservative one also, even by 2040 or so, it is going to be around 31%. So oil is going to stay because of the simple availability, adaptability, convenience of use, and to some extent, economics also. Right. As compared to the other form of energies, they have got their own issues, and it will take some time for that to come on the mainstream, and the consistency of supplies on that. And in that respect, the oil supplies, and as the Honorable Minister mentioned, that becomes important. As far as the oil supplies are concerned, there are sources. In fact, once upon a time, there was a unipolar world. The Middle East was the main state of the total supplies, and there was a possibility that the whole narration on the pricing can be commanded by some few group of people. Today, the situation has changed now with the American shell gas coming in, the Russian production increasing, some of the other countries coming into the main state. It has no more remained in unipolar world. And so the capacity of the countries are a select few to dominate the pricing scenario has diminished to that extent. It helps in both ways. But have we taken care of it? Like, does the best use of supply sources? So as far as the country is concerned, the supply sources have been diversified over a period of time. Recently, you might have seen last one year or so, all the companies, whether private or the public sector, has imported oil from US. Right. Recently, some of our companies had the equity participation in Russia. Some of the companies have gone out to have the equity oil and gas in many countries. So country at one hand has taken steps which have diversified the sources of supplies. Right. At the same time, supply side automatically the world narration has changed from few to many. Understandable. So that the diversity of supply side takes care of the energy security part in terms of contingency. But only one caution to that, that that does not mean that the disruption doesn't create the spikes. Right. Because there is a lot of thing which happens in terms of trading and the trading volume is substantially higher compared to the physical volume. Just for the understanding that it is not that the oil which I am buying today is I am contracted today. It is contracted one, one and a half month back. Obviously. But the prices immediately as seen recently in case of Saudi attack also. Because the narration guides the perception and perception guides the prices. And to that extent there are spikes. Right. But on a longer term horizon, there is definitely more mellowed down narrations which guides the pricing now. And that's why it came down also slightly. Right. So I mean actually we can go into arbitrage discussion but make it very technical. So let's not go there. But I'll just club two sub topics and take the discussion forward. One is the economics part of it. I believe of the overall stressed assets in the country the NPA is about 9 to 10 lakh crore rupees. Almost half come from the energy sector. So be it petroleum, gas, coal, essentially thermal but energy sector. And then connected with that is the policy stability and the political commitment that the government has shown in the last five years. Minister mentioned how we have doubled the renewable energy component over the last five years. So taking these two things together, the economics of the sector and the government's commitment that the renewables should increase. Your thoughts, I'll begin with Ms. Jha. Sure. So the moment you have NPAs that means there has been in the past some level of irrational bidding or irrational contracting. And that, give it 10 years, it becomes an NPA. And if banks have gone and funded those projects based on a lack of clarity, say on supply issues or pricing issues, for instance, I think the new story unraveling and probably Sumanta has more to say on this is that the bids that have been received on the solar and the renewable bids, they've been very low. Are they really sustainable? Because they were predicated on the panel prices and panel prices may change because of trade wars. Right. So a lot depends on what have been the assumptions on the bidding. I'll come to that. Mr. Sinha, she mentioned about the irrational past in terms of funding of the sector. You think with this last five years and the kind of cleaning up that the government has done, we are out of it and now the sector looks clean. The books look clean. Of the banks. Of the corporates. No, look, I think that there are quite a few issues that still need to be resolved. And there are various companies in the thermal sector, in the coal sector particularly, that are still under way in the process of restructuring and through the IBC process. As you know, some companies have been taken over by others. Yes. But there are many assets that are still in limbo that have not yet got cleaned up. Right. And I think to that extent banks are still struggling with that exposure to the thermal sector. Right. And so therefore all of that does need to be cleaned up still. If you look at the gas sector, for example, there's almost about 20,000 to 25,000 megawatts of capacity that is still sitting that has not yet got resolved. Right. Now, of course, if gas prices become cheaper, then perhaps maybe there is something to be done there. Right. But there is a fair bit of that resolution that still needs to be done. Now, just coming to the other question, which is a little bit more future looking, which is could this happen in other sectors? For example, renewables as well. Yeah, she mentioned that. I mean, it's not sustainable. Yeah. So that's why I'm just talking about that. I think the issue is not so much the bidding and the tariffs that we have right now. The tariffs have been a reflection of declining costs. And so therefore tariffs are sustainable. I think where you have problems that arise very often. Storage and distribution. No, no, no. It's really in the issue that sometimes policy is not stable. And when policy is not stable, then it results in some of the basic assumptions that you might have made coming undone. And now in the case of renewables at this point in time, there are one or two states that are fundamentally beginning to question the PPAs that they've signed. Now, if those PPAs start- You mean to say the PPFs of the renewable sector are also being questioned? Yeah, yeah. I thought that was a problem only specific to the thermal sector. No, there are one or two states, right? There's actually one state right now that is particularly questioning the PPAs in renewables. Now, that is something, of course, which is going to go through a court process. And I am fairly confident that the courts will uphold the sanctity of PPAs that have been signed. But in the process of doing that, if the state does not pay you, and there's maybe a year or two years during which this resolution happens in which the state doesn't pay you, the banks are not going anywhere. Their loans still have to be serviced. And that then creates stress for the sector. And while this uncertainty carries on, it leads to a question in every investor's mind about how this issue is going to be resolved. And therefore, should we invest further in the sector or not? And people then naturally pull back. And so it's those kinds of policy uncertainty issues that tend to cause more problems in the sector very often than necessarily it is, let's say in this case, the bidding situation. But you are very specific that the policy uncertainty is at the state level or at the level of center? No, I think as far as the center is concerned, as far as the renewable energy is concerned, their policies are very clear and very supportive. And in fact, if you talk to the ministry of the power of renewable energy, they are extremely responsive and the prime minister set a target. And the whole system at the central level is certainly trying to move in that direction to achieve those targets. I think because of our federal polity, ultimately and power being a concurrent subject, it's the states that really have to go ahead and buy this power and the states that have to follow the guidelines at the center sets. And so sometimes when the states do not follow these guidelines and go off on their own tangent, that is when you start having problems. Right. I will delve a little more in detail on this subject. Well, come to it. But I'll take Mr. Surana's comments on the economics and the policy stability part. Of course, the NPA thing does not bother you actually, but given the fact that you come from the public sector. But your understanding of the economics of this transition, energy transition from dirty coal to the renewables. You think it's widely supported and that the system is in place both in the public sector as well as the private sector. So that the crisis of capital that we are facing, for example, in the thermal sector does not get repeated in the renewables to which Mr. Sinha just hinted. So we need to understand it in two contexts. One is the supply side and one is demand side. So demand side is well understood in India that the type of energy demand which we have, especially considering the population and our per capita consumption is so low is going to be huge. And there is no denial of the fact. On the supply side to cater to that, you need all the basket of energy mix to cater to that. There cannot be one solution to that. We can't say that only coal can solve oil can solve gas can solve renewable. You need all to cater to this demand. And to this, we need a coherent transition policy and coexistence policy. Let me put it this way. In this coexistence policy, there will be a graduated path and there will be a calibrated path where each energy basket will join in the total basket. And definitely after the total price, some share will be taken by some form of energy. Now you mentioned that we don't have the power and that is true. Fortunately, we, especially the oil and gas sector, I don't think there have been the defaults on that. But it doesn't mean that because we are a PSU that is a case like that, whether PSU or private sector, the oil industry is operated in a certain manner and there is a structure to that place. And though it may be dominated by the PSUs, but it is not that they do not perform in a normal commercial environment. All the companies are listed companies. So they do perform in that environment. But as the transition goes, it will become important that the new energy sources which are contracted or which are being brought into the system, there should be a model which is sustainable model. Just because the prices are falling and there the people are bidding aggressively, as I've seen in the solar case, and if it is not sustainable at some point of time, the stresses will be shown. Right. The second part of it is the gas, which is one of the element because many of the gas-based power plants did not really ultimately sustain. So there is the issue of the availability of the gas. But with the lot of policies which are taken, and you might have heard this two days back also, that the rates of the prices of the gas was brought down. Yes. There is a lot more LNG terminals coming, a lot more imports are coming. There is a push towards increasing the domestic production of the gas that should help in gas-based power plants to take care of their problem. And I think this transition will ultimately graduate to a situation where we have more structured pattern in handling it so that some of the things which are prematurely done are the aggressively done and which leads to this type of situation. And I'm sure that the banking side also, there will be more diligence to do that. Right. Now, the minister in his address had mentioned something which is of interest to me also. He said, here's the word energy justice. Now, we are the third largest consumer of power. But at the same time, the base is low. We had the average per capita consumption is just about 40% of the global average. So the issue is that we will continue to need more and more power, as you said, within the framework of this coherent coexistence of the sources of power. Now, in that sense, while the government really shows a lot of initiative and clarity in terms of its engagements with the rest of the world, how does corporate sector or the private sector come into play in this on the issue of energy justice? You can take that question. Yeah. And briefly, and then I'll come to sit. So on the energy front, that is one classical example where it is a combination of the government at the highest level, I must say that, along with the corporates who are involved in it, as well as the administration. They are working together to ensure that the energy security of the country is taken care. Many of the things you would have seen that some of the equity oil which the oil companies have taken overseas is a result of a high level of engagement on G2G level, B2B level, and the facilitation of the whole in terms of policies, in terms of procedures, in terms of removing the hurdles which can come in place. And the very fact that that could be achieved is a testimony that the thing has moved in a coherent fashion. That's one part of it. The second part of the purely internal policy guidelines which helps in bringing in the other sources of energy. So you might have heard there was a biofuel policy recently. There was a process for increasing the ethanol blending in this. There is a new guidelines are coming in where the used can be used for making ethanol. The used oil can be used for making biodiesels. New bio refineries are being set up. There is a support which is being given by the government in terms of pricing, in terms of some sort of support in policy guidelines. These are all the narration which helps of newer and newer forms of energy to come in place. Right. Not to say that the older form of energies are not required. Exactly. It is not this versus that. No, I understood. But Mr. Sinha, when we talk of energy justice, we are looking at a situation where coal is going to stay with us for the next two decades, three decades possibly. And in that sense, are we allowed as a nation to choose our pace in the sense that, Mr. mentioned of the COP 21 targets, we have seen how America has gone out of Paris Accord. Everyone is choosing their own pace. Are we allowed to choose our own pace in terms of when we want to phase out coal? No, I think if I go back to my earlier point and give me a couple of minutes to answer this question. So I was saying that we need about 1.2 trillion additional units. Now, in respect of how fast we do renewable energy, and even if we meet the Prime Minister's target of 450 gigawatts, the reality is that will only account for 50% of this increase. Right. The balance 50% will have to come from somewhere. Right. And as you observed rightly, nuclear is not likely to happen. Hydro is not likely to happen. Biofuels is always going to be a small part of the mix. And therefore, the big other thing that is left over is coal. So the reality is we will continue as a country to have more and more coal. Exactly. There is no option for us, right? In fact, yeah. Now, the question is, does this go against the climate change targets that we've said? It does not. Because if you look at the COP targets that we gave, the INDCs that we committed to, we talked about an absolute target for renewable energy, which we will meet. We've talked about energy intensity of per unit of GDP, which we should also most likely end up meeting, even if we use more coal. And we talked about creating carbon sinks through more plantation of forests and so on, which is also something that is independent of the usage of coal. So the government has been very practical and prudent in how they have set the targets. Right. So they've talked about increasing the amount of renewable energy substantially in the grid. From the current 10%, it will go up to about 30 to 35% in the next 10 years. Right. But the balance 50% or a large chunk of it will continue to come from coal. Right. Now, the reality is that India as a country will face the consequences of climate change, perhaps more than a lot of other countries will, because we have a very large vulnerable population. And therefore, having said what I said about development and justice and so on, the reality is that we have to do as much and more as we can to deal with climate change issues. And we need to actually take multilateral leadership in that area, which the prime minister actually is doing in this respect. And so therefore, I think the path that we're following is actually fairly sensible, which is that we're trying to do as much as we can, while at the same time leaving ourselves flexibility to continue to grow through meeting our power demand through whatever sources as required. Right. And at the same time taking leadership on developing renewable energy and pushing the rest of the world to do more. Right. Then actually, then putting less pressure on ourselves in doing that. Right. I would want to go briefly on nuclear, but before that, Gauri, you know, gas, no hydrocarbon, still in terms of pollution parameters is a clean fuel, clean medium for your power needs. You say that from 6 percent, as of now in the energy mix, it can go up to 15 percent over the next decade or so, right? You think that helps us in our climate change parameters in any manner? So I think it improves the climate parameters for sure. And to go from 6 to 15 percent is a significant policy push which is being undertaken, whether it is in the city gas rounds that the Honorable Minister mentioned, or it is in looking at, you know, targets for the city gas distribution if you can just share with the people. So it now, as Honorable Minister mentioned, it covers 400 districts in India, which is, you know, about... That's the target. No, that's the allocation under the new city gas rounds, the last two city gas rounds that have been taken, that takes it up to 400 districts. All right. But it has to be an ecosystem approach in gas because, you know, gas does not have the properties of oil that is easily transportable. So it needs pipelines to be built and needs spur lines to be built. It needs the right pricing support because gas again is not, it does not have the physical properties of oil. So, but what is happening internationally is we are in a age of actually, you know, as our Vice Chairman, Dr. Daniel Lergan says, we are in a sort of a golden age of gas wherein global supplies of gas have really increased. Global supplies of gas because of the shale gas revolution, you have about 1400 TCF available at less than $3 in MMBTU. So the challenge really is that how do you take that $3 in MMBTU and bring it to the customer? How do you make sure that the downstream price buildup is optimized in terms of taxation and tariffs? So that's the part which needs to be still figured out. Fair enough. Now briefly, I'll just go to the nuclear sector. Nuclear sector, you know, within the energy mix, India has about 2 or 3% of energy coming from nuclear. In fact, despite the fact that it's a very clean energy because of the dangers associated, particularly post-Fukushima, I believe, nuclear as a source of energy is going down globally. In fact, Germany, which had about 25% of its energy coming from nuclear, has gone down below 12%, 10%. Japan actually shut down all of its nuclear power. They were getting about 30% from it. You think that for a nation like India, which is going to need so much more power, nuclear power is actually an option which should be looked at a little more seriously and the world community should look at it also a little more seriously in terms of the energy mix? Who would take the question? I mean, I can take it. See, my view on nuclear is that it's expensive. I don't know what the fully costed sort of cost to now of nuclear would be, but it probably would be seven or eight rupees or something in that range per unit. Whereas thermal coal-based power is probably around four to 450. Renewables is sub three rupees. Gas perhaps even would be cheaper at six to seven rupees. In the sub three rupees, are you including the storage and distribution costs for them? No, I'm not including storage and distribution costs. No, I'm not including that. But even if you include those, the cost would be let's say four to five rupees. And so therefore, all of these other sources of power are likely to be cheaper than nuclear. The other issue with nuclear is that you require very large sized investments, maybe five to ten billion dollars. And really no corporate in India at this point has the capability of making those large kinds of investments. It'll have to be the government. And I don't even think the government has the fiscal ability to make such large sized investments. So my feeling is that even though nuclear is clean, it just is very difficult to put up and the costs are certainly going to be higher as well. No, I can get a little provocative on that. So there is your cost, as you say, of renewables, a sub three. Then you have your storage and distribution costs. And then you have subsidies. So if you include all that... No, no, no, but there are no subsidies. I believe there are subsidies. No, no, there are no subsidies at all. I mean the solar sector is running on subsidies. No, no, no. This is an absolute misconception on your part. Let me be absolutely clear about this. There are zero subsidies in solar or in wind at this point in time. Okay. There's a bid. You go and do the bid. Nobody is giving you any incentives of any nature. I thought they were incentives. No, no, no, no, no. This is absolutely incorrect. There are zero subsidies. The only subsidy that you could argue is there is on the distribution side where if we use the ISTS grid, we're not charged the cost for that. If you want to add that, that would be another 50 to 75 per unit. Now there is also intermittency. And if you want to take the intermittency out, that would be probably another, let's say 50 to 75 per cent more. So that's why I said your three rupees might end up being 450 or thereabouts. If you want to fully cost everything. But then on the other hand, on coal-based power, we don't cost the environmental cost of that coal as well. Where you're putting stuff into the atmosphere, health costs, et cetera, et cetera. Right? So therefore you have to do an apples-to-apples comparison. So therefore, coming back to your point, nuclear is certainly more expensive. I would say even gas is cheaper. Even with imported fuel, we have already this 20, 25,000 megawatts. Let's at least get that running. You also have other opportunities. You have offshore wind, for example, where you can do large amounts. You can do 50 to 70,000, 100,000 megawatts of offshore wind, which will also be perhaps cheaper than nuclear. Right. So there are many other options that you have at this point in time. You have floating solar. You can put solar on canals, reservoirs, et cetera, prevent evaporation of water and do large-scale installations without requiring any land. So there's a lot of stuff that you can do in the existing sources of energy, whether it's gas, coal, renewables, without necessarily having to take recourse to nuclear. Right. I'm afraid I have to take some audience questions as well before we wrap up the discussion. So we can actually head straight to a short question answer session. Anyone who wants to take a question with the panel or with the minister perhaps, any questions? Or should I still continue with the discussion? I have one specific issue left actually. I'll continue if someone... Okay, there is a question. Yes, gentleman. So taking on to nuclear, one is, of course, I agree, Mr. Sinha, that the cost part itself is there. Second is the escalation part because it's a very long tenure of projects. And third, that garment, though in terms of defining the tariff, takes into account some kind of ROE 15.5 percent, but the garment is not underwriting or not ensuring that power would be sold. So in those contexts and, of course, related environmental issues, would nuclear be a threat to further matter and overall would that be a policy focus of the garment? We'll take the question. I just want to add to what Mr. Sinha said that actually the energy mix of the country is evolving. So as of today to say that this nuclear is not an option for the country will be incorrect to say that. The policy can be changed if it needs the country. The narration can change. And the cost dynamics itself can change. Some point of time we were not thinking the solar was really a cost-wise viable option, but it is today. Till some time back, we were thinking that oil is dirty, but with BS6 coming in, it is as clean as gas. So the question is that the very premise on which we are changing our energy mix is also going through evolution process. Right now, whether it should be electrical vehicle, whether it should be gas, whether it should be oil, it is not guided by the type of the air pollution it will create. It will all will be equal as far as with the newer form of the fuels which are being put in the system. So in that narration, I do not think that if today's the policy does not provide for something, tomorrow that policy cannot come if it suits the country. So every country need to evolve its energy policy, not by a common basket of it, depending on the country's need, what resources it has, and what is the requirement of the population of the country? Fair enough. I hope you got the answer. There are three more questions, but I will go with the lady there. Yes, ma'am. Megan Fallone, Barefoot College. My question revolves around some of the data that we are getting from rural areas, which we haven't talked about, and the issue of access. We've talked about intermittency. We've talked about the environmental aspect, but we still have a truly significant access problem. And we now know conclusively across 14 states that households at the poorest end of the economic spectrum are spending nearly 32 percent of their earning on poor quality access to basic energy. And I do not see momentum moving in that direction. And when we link that with the piece of data that says the minute we deliver solar in those communities, women's economic generation goes up by 26 percent. I think we are looking at a win-win, and we're still not talking about the access problem. Right. Are you suggesting that nothing is happening on that front, or there is lack of awareness, or are you suggesting that there are certain bottlenecks? I think there's two things. I think there is a lack of concrete awareness of the actual data, the actual economic uplift that is indeed happening. There is also a huge lack, still, of a public recognition of just how significant that problem is beyond the Panchayat level in last mile communities in India. And thus, resources are not attracted to or flowing with the kind of magnitude they need to to that problem. I believe, Mr. Sarana can answer that, but I believe, as the minister had mentioned, the last count, at last month itself, we were saying about eight million new LPG connections. How many of that minister goes to the villages? Almost all goes to the villages. So I believe there is an awareness and there is execution, but the details can come from Mr. Sarana. In fact, the amount of efforts which has been taken in last three years on making the excess of energy to the rural population and the weaker section of the society has never been there in the last 70 years. In last three years, the 80 million LPG connection which has been given under the Pradhan Mantri Ujwala was purely targeted towards the people who did not have access to energy, who are doing the cooking by the cow dung cakes or the wood or something which was not good for the health, as well as they were not exposed to that cleaner energy at all. And the impact of that is being seen. It was one of the biggest moments which at least in the Indian energy sector would have taken for which straightway goes to the last person in the queue. And when on the cooking gas medium, that can happen. The same thing can happen on the other problem of excess of energy, whether it's electricity or something. And there was a big moment for providing the electricity to all the villages. And so I would like to emphasize that the efforts are definitely, definitely target providing the clean excess of energy to an affordable energy to the rural population to the weaker section of the society. And the impact is definitely there. I believe that partly answers your question. I have to take two more questions because I have just five minutes left. Gentlemen, on that side, I think there were two hands raised that side. One, yes, please. Yeah, this is not a question, but this is only a comment that I would like to make. Keep it brief, please. Yeah, it's brief. Only in the discussion you said that in spite of all the oil sector or gas sector, usage of coal and continuance of usage of coal is inevitable for a country like ours for meeting our growth aspirations. So in this forum, it is pertinent to say that while coal usage is inevitable, if you have to meet your INDC commitments at COP21, as Honorable Minister was mentioning, there is a need for cross-industrial segments to look at carbon capture and utilization technologies. Right. Every segment needs to look at these technologies and they need to implement. Maybe we are, our society and our country is not ready for carbon tax as of now, carbon tax system, but should that be implemented, then CCUS technologies need to be perfected and researched. So that's a valid point. In fact, I remember in 2015, more than 15, 17 years back, I was visiting Norway and they had carbon tax. Even then, if you enter Oslo, you had to pay carbon tax if you were moving in your car. Can I just add a comment? Yes, please. So CCUS is one of the definite solutions and in fact, Indian Oil has invested in a company called Lanza Tech, which recently got funded for carbon capture, where basically carbon capture makes it negative carbon emissions. So you take ambient air emissions and then you recycle those emissions. So we talk about single use plastic that is actually doing away with single use carbon. Right.  In fact, what I can add to what he's saying is that India, we as a nation actually, live perhaps over two centuries at the same time. So while he can talk about carbon tax, but as the minister suggested, that energy justice is an equally important issue to address. Energy poverty is an equally important issue to address. So while you discuss the issues like carbon tax, which is good for COP 21 and UNFCC and United Nations, but at the same time, you have to think as the lady was suggesting about what's happening in the villages. That I'm afraid brings me to the end of the panel discussion. I'll just briefly conclude. I can't take more questions. I can see two, three hands raised. It comes out that there is a fair amount of consciousness at the level of government, at the center, about the issues that are associated with the sector, be it on the side of policy stability, or on the side of take care of the demand and supply, and then we have seen how, so for example, the gas sector, you say that from six it can go up to 15 percent, and there is enabling environment existing, both in the public sector as well as the private sector, to collaborate and make it happen. And Mr. Surana suggested that oil stays as a source with the same proportion perhaps over the next decade or two, and that we have diversified our supplies, and we are not just dependent on one source or one region globally. And then coal stays. I believe all the panelists would agree that for quite some time coal is also going to stay. And within that framework, the push that is coming from the government on the renewable energy sector, Mr. Surana suggested that maybe little more policy stability would help. Am I right, Mr. Surana, in concluding that? At the state level, yes. At the state level. So that brings me to the conclusion of this discussion that we had on re-energizing India. Thank you so much. Thank you.


Don't love them anyway Hey there friends. How's it going? My name is Kevin and I've just been grounded. I'm 26. Oh Parents, man. They just don't get us. Anyway, let's play some video games Arachnophobia this game contains spiders that are often much larger than the player if you're super not okay with that You can enable what am I a child? I'm fine with this So this is a survival game Which is basically like a honey I shrunk the kids kind of deal where you're in the garden and you're trying to survive Amongst the bugs and the grass and whatnot. I'm gonna go with difficulty medium because it accurately Describes my life moderate stress level manage thirst hunger health and stamina while you fight to survive And I'm gonna be Pete. Hey Peter.  Where am I?  It's like I'm part of some toy collection or something I guess I'm part of the loner pack since it's only me and the four other pieces are missing Ants are ants friendly. Oh my god. This is kind of creepy as it is Oh, oh, oh, it came up or tea for the for the tree Smacked the end in the face. Please. No you so many more legs than me. This isn't what I want Okay, I think I ran them despite my lack of legs I'm only like 10 seconds in and I've already pissed off the ant people see this is what I wanted to do I can't even pick grass without a chopping tool Peter. You're no Steve.  How is it this small? I'm just waiting for one of those massive spiders I know it's coming. I can feel it. What was that? Oh god. It's the end people. They're back again What is this that I'm clicking I don't know. Oh Jesus Christ stop sneaking up on me. Okay. I'm dead I literally made it like 30 seconds in will the end people leave me alone now I didn't mean to start a war with them I think we should learn to get along no matter how many legs we have unless you're one of those Five-legged bastards. They're just very uneven.  I have a feeling like I shouldn't be going inside it Like I'll probably end up zapping myself.  Come here. Come here There you go. Finally. I may not be top of the food chain now That's like, you know spiders ants ladybugs grass then me okay So I need to find and eat some food unblock the obstructed laser and find what is weakening one the lasers Can I get up to that thing? I'm gonna eat that raw fly meat Yummy. Oh sweet, but Jesus. There's one the spiders. Yummy. How can I get up here? Can I sneak past him? Where's the spider gone? I can't see him and that makes me more nervous Oh, no, there he is the spiders can't jump. Can they I mean some spiders can jump but not this spider, right? Oh No, there's two of them. Oh sweet Jesus look at him parting those bits of grass It's not as intimidating when I say that keep climbing. Don't look down I do have a fear of heights, but look I'm literally like 30 centimeters off the ground There's no need to be afraid. However, I do seem to have reached the top and I have to stop and that's what's bothering me I can't go any further. Oh, that's fine. That's fine. Just just get out of here.  Oh God.  Oh wait I get it. Okay. There's a bit of grass blocking this one. So that one's actually fine This one is weak that one's being blocked by grass. Okay. Can I get a tool to chop this down somewhere? No, don't come too close. Honestly, I'm not fearing you.  Me and the ant people have formed an alliance. I'm drinking out of this stagnant water in the puddle Oh God, he doesn't look so good after that. I'm sure he'll feel better after I eat some of these mushrooms Okay, I'm no electro matrician, but I think I found your problem here with this laser What are you folks doing?  He was smited by a mite. I was in the menu. Oh God, that doesn't just tell me to quit That tends me to super quit. What is this super quit?  All right, let's try and make a workbench So I need three grass banks four sprigs and two sap.  All right, here's the cave again. I just want to complete this part Oh my god, there's an ant in here.  Are you weeping friends? I've eaten from your mouth. Surely that that makes us friends Okay, he only minds if I go in there. So I guess I'm not going in there for a moment I've started my base pretty close by I made my base next to the base ball You know, it seemed fitting. I'm trying to make an axe. How does he know how to stuff a bug for a decoration? But if he doesn't know how to make an axe what what is what is happening?  I don't know. They're all going home. Are they can I come home with you guys? Is that okay? Is that all right? Can we all go home together? Oh my god.  It's fine. I'll I'll find my own way. No, no, no, no, no Oh, there we go.  Oh wait. How do I do that?  I'm doing Yeah, it's pretty funny, isn't it?  Oh god. I'm getting confused. There we go timber. Well grass It's not actually timber. I guess. Oh my god. Jesus that thing is huge. They're friendly though, right? I don't know. I've never been attacked by one. But then again, I'm big and strong. So who knows? Okay, there we go. I built a workbench, but I still need a bed. This is the bigger issue Okay, a lovely bed. Look at that. Well, you can't see it because it's too dark, but I'm gonna use it Oh, sweet, but Jesus that is one hell of a thing to wake up to What was I supposed to do? That's also my respawn point now because that's what my bed is so Okay, good. It disappeared. What was that? Like come on.  He's back. All right. I'm gonna peace out. Really? Like that's my base. What am I supposed to do? Oh, no, you can't fit in here. Can you? Okay, you can walk through the walls. Okay, that's fine. Oh great Okay, great. Great. What am I supposed to do? I'm spawning on him.  Okay, I snuck down here Now I just have to pray that he's gonna walk away.  He's not walking away. He's behind me. Oh, Jesus I'm stuck. Do I just wait here until he leaves me alone? Come on. I can get out of here. Just trying to climb out because I don't want to go out the corner and die again My dignity can't take it. Any excuse to put on a ghillie suit is welcome for me. Okay. I think you might be gone I'm just I'm just gonna run. I'm just gonna run. Okay. I got a torch. Fantastic. I'm ready now I'm going to fight my way through this and I'm gonna unblock that laser.  I thought I might join you in here and murder all of you There we go. The signal is saved. I might take their might bodies back to my lair and craft hats out of them or something All right, and lastly but not leastly this grass is blocking the last laser. There we go All sorted now.  Probably not a good idea All right, I activated it now.  Oh, no, I've started the forest fire.  I'm gonna go see what that explosion was. Oh, hey little droplet of water slurp slurp It's quite cool because I've been seeing a few droplets of water in the grass and that's the way to get clean water Rather than, you know, the stagnant puddles I've been drinking out of I'm drinking out of the stagnant water in the puddle Honestly, if I wasn't dying so much to spiders and ants, I'd probably just be dying to poisoning it Oh, no, this doesn't look good. Why do I have the feeling I've destroyed a habitat system here? Oh, no, there's a spider and he's pissed at me. Isn't he a juice box and a lake this place is so nice Where did that spider go? I'm a little bit scared. He was here a while ago Okay, this is the base that I guess I exploded which is a shame because it looks like an area that could have possibly helped me I'm pushing buttons Oh, I did something I got all the green lights on and I pulled the lever now what I did open this door This is strange. Wait, what? No, I thought you were a robo friend.   Oh, sweet. Jesus. Oh, no, not threatened gauge. I can't do any more fighting.  All right, you know what? I think we've progressed enough for one day. I really like this game so far. This seems really cool It's just it's such a charming take on the survival is kind of game Like there's been a lot of games in this vein But just the setting of it is so it's so unique and and cool So I'm going to leave it there But god, I really like this game if you want to see more do let me know if if I'm not making videos on it I'm definitely going to stream it if you want to see more of me I post every single day and I stream over on twitch as I mentioned I stream like four times a week the link for that is in the description But yeah, I really hope you enjoyed the video. I really like this game I want to play more, but I know it's a bad idea because the video will turn out way too long But yeah, I appreciate you watching folks. I really hope you enjoyed and I hope to see you next time. Bye for now


So thanks Ming-Ding and hello everyone, good evening, my name is Daniel and today I will be giving a talk about what I learned from my first open source contribution but specifically it's an open source contribution to a repository named Rubocop. So I'm going to start this talk off with a bit of a hand raising exercise. So could you raise your hands if you are a developer here with one year of experience or less? Okay, that's a few of us and another hand raising exercise if you are a developer with two years of experience or less, yeah including the guys with the one year of experience or less. Okay, this is about half of us, high five, me too. Raise your hands if you've used Rubocop before, that's almost everyone, great. And raise your hands if you've looked into the source code of Rubocop before, alright. So to be honest I had a genuine fear that everybody in this room would have seen the source code before and then I would have pressed the next slide which is like okay thanks I'm done with the talk but okay cool thanks I just wanted to gauge where you guys were at. So right, my name is Daniel, this is my Twitter handle and that's my GitHub link. Today my talk will be centered around these two events. So last year, six months ago in July and August I managed to merge two pull requests into Rubocop but just to give you some context as well into what I used to do and why I decided to contribute to Rubocop. So I wasn't always a programmer and in fact these two contributions I made during my first year mark as a programmer and before that I was actually a psychology graduate and after I graduated from my degree I was a secondary school teacher in Malaysia teaching history so that's me and after it was a two-year contract and after the two years ended I joined one of the coding boot camps where I learned Ruby on Rails for about three months. That's where I also got married and then I moved over to Singapore and then this company called Tinkerbox they took me in as an intern and eventually they converted me to a full-time programmer and as a new programmer I understood that there was a lot that I didn't understand so I think there was my constant struggle in Tinkerbox. So one of the things that I tried to do in Tinkerbox was to improve my programming skills was I do a lot of code challenges so I made it a thing in Tinkerbox where we get together and discuss code katas on the site called Code Wars. It was a good way of I think learning the different libraries and methods that were available to Ruby but I still felt dissatisfied with how much I didn't know. I felt that I still couldn't do a lot of things and I think this was because I was trapped in this thing called the Rails bubble. The Rails bubble I described to be like only exposed to like building apps in Ruby on Rails so I view programming through the lens of Ruby on Rails and then I was very bad at like novel problems so if a more complex problem was presented or I don't know some algorithms or something then I would like completely trip up so then I had a talk with my CTO and he had a yearly annual one-on-one and he pushed me to contribute to RuboCop as like my short-term plan I think like it was my six month plan or something like that so I was like okay fine and that was when I made my entrance to RuboCop and that's why I contributed to RuboCop so let's get the cat out of the bag first so what is RuboCop so if you are thinking this guy the street cop which I think his name is Murphy or something right anyway so basically RuboCop is a Ruby static code analyzer based on the community Ruby style guide and it can do a couple of things so first of all it can help you to enforce a particular code style so in this case we have a method and we have a return on the method A and we know as Ruby is that's all method definitions have an implicit return so you don't really need to put a return there so if you want to enforce this particular style of not using a return you can and then RuboCop will highlight it as an offense okay it can also suggest alternative methods from the Ruby standard library so here we have a method someone is trying to iterate through a hash but he is only using the key and not using the value so here RuboCop can flag that as well and tell you well you can use method like hash each and it can also auto correct for you as well so when RuboCop catches a particular offense you can run RuboCop using the RuboCop dash A option which stands for auto correct and it can correct a few simple mistakes for you like for example you can get rid of the return or it can even help you to indent your operators or something like that so when I started to look into the RuboCop codebase I asked myself first okay the obvious question is how does RuboCop work how does it do what it does so I looked into their codebase and these were the apparent obvious structures in their codebase so I saw a folder named AST which I knew nothing about cop formatter and RSpec and then I had inclination to go into cop because that seemed like the most obvious thing like that's probably where it keeps like all its good logic so I opened up one of the cops and this is the hash each cop and then I was like oh my gosh like what is this by the way I I see a lot of methods that I didn't understand and I also want to make a quick diversion into this thing called c-tags so raise your hands if you use c-tags yeah okay cool so c-tags c-tags okay so c-tags is a library that creates a file that contains all the methods in a particular directory and then it stores a reference to their definitions right so then you can if you have a c-tags add-on installed you could just like hit a shortcut key and then it pops you over to the method definition and then the cool part is if you're using it with Ruby you could run a simple executable so that when you enter a new Ruby sorry Rails directory or Ruby directory or anything you could get it to run their c-tags reference file on all the gems in your gem file so now if you see a weird method that you don't understand you just like hit a button and then it goes to the method definition so I didn't know this when I was navigating through the Rubikop code base but now I I use it a lot and it's very useful so anyway I go to that method and I decide to find out what this def node matcher is and then I see that so Rubikop leaves a lot of like helpful comments on the methods to sort of tell you what it's doing right so I tried to read the comments and I still don't really know what's going on but I noticed you know there's the AST acronym over there right and I'm like okay cool and then I scroll to the top of the file and I see like even more comments which is excellent and again I see this like AST word which I'm unfamiliar with so at this point I'm like okay what is this AST and it must seem pretty important so I did what any logical programmer would do I looked it up on Wikipedia of course okay so an AST right so an AST I understand is to be a tree that represents the structure of your source code with this these nodes right so it tries to represent your source code in nodes and it's very useful to see like you know what's what code are arguments that are being sent to other method calls etc etc so it gives you some sort of a sequence as to what is calling what and what is calling what so on so forth right so I read this and I dug a little deeper and I thought okay cool so now what is Ruby use the AST for so as it turns out when you write some Ruby code it goes through a couple of stages before it finally gets executed so for example here say this simple Ruby code puts 2 plus 2 Ruby first of all have to read it from left to right character by character so you'll read like P U T S and then it was like oh puts like I know that and then it tokenizes it and then it reads 2 and it's like oh I know that too that's an integer and then it tokenizes that so that is known as tokenizing I forgot the puts but you know it looks something like this okay so now it's got a token it's got some tokens but you know at this point you you could make a mistake in your code and it still wouldn't know because it hasn't tried to like call it sequentially like 2 perhaps should be called as an argument to plus on the receiver 2 so 2 plus 2 and this is what the next step is doing it's sort of like parsing it giving it some sort of a sequence right and then once you've got this sequence then it gets created or it gets translated to these like instructions and these are called YARV instructions and this is you know I guess the last bit before it finally gets executed as bytecode so the bit that we are concerned with is here this is this is the AST so the tree that we saw just now on Wikipedia can be sort of like this so and I'll go into that in a bit and then that bit there is the YARV instructions so Ruby uses this gem called Ripper to create its AST but in Rubocop Rubocop uses a different gem called parser so different gem but achieves the same thing so to you can all do this you could just install gem install rip parser and then you could use the Ruby parse you know and followed by the dash E for expression and then key in expression like 2 plus 2 and you will generate the it's a bit small I apologize you'll generate the AST for you so let's let's look at this I called Ruby parse twice so it's a very simple expression I call my method passing in argument one at the bottom I call the same thing again with argument one but without the without the parentheses and we know we can do this in Ruby but through the AST it's very clear why the ASTs are completely similar so it doesn't distinguish between the parentheses and no parentheses and so we can understand okay this is why the code executes the same way here's another example so here is my method that returns a and let's just take a little deeper look into the into the AST right so first it's it starts out with a defined node and the DEF node there and the way we read this is the defined node has three children the name my method the second child is the arcs which is empty because my method accepts no arguments and then the third child is a return which in turn has another child which is a send on a so we can see here how Ruby is making sense of the sequencing of this of this piece of code so then you try to play around with it to see how the AST changes so like I try like okay what happens if you try to return two values like A and B and you notice that the code structure is still the same except now as we expect the return node has now two children a send on A and then a send on B so so far so good then I try something else so I tried like A and then return B and then we notice the AST changes a little bit to deal with like the you know two the things that are happening inside the block a new begin node is being introduced and then now the begin node houses the send to A and then the return which sends B so right now you must be thinking great why do I use this for or more specifically like why the what is the AST's method in Rubocop right and as it turns out it matters a whole lot so remember how I said that Rubocop you could it could suggest like alternative methods from the Ruby library so in order to do this it must first of all be aware of what you're calling like it has to know you're calling each on a hash and you're not using maybe a key or a value so it has to know so let's take the same code and generate this AST so we see the defined node which has empty arguments and then a huge block node as it's shown and then in the block node you see three children the first is a send to each and it is being called on the receiver which is a send to hash the second child which is the arguments is basically two children an argument called key and an argument called value and then the third one is just a send to do something with a local variable key right now how Rubocop knows what you're doing is it tries to just pattern match so this you would find in most cops you would find like a depth node matcher and then you would you would put in these things and if you were like me when I first looked into it I wondered what the lines with the pattern was like I was like oh what is that so don't worry that's just a it's called a here dock and it's basically you can treat it like a string that has new lines inside so you can just like like a string literal right so you could just print there okay so you try to construct a node matcher and what you're actually trying to match is the shape down there so it starts out with the block and then you're trying to match a send on each so you can see that part similar and then on the node matcher we are trying to match anything so not so you can see the exclamation mark so anything that is not being sent to an array so not not an array basically right and then you must also have two arguments a key or a value and in the node matcher you see a underscore k and underscore v it means like a wall card right so match anything so you could you could name it something else if you want you could name it like key value or you can name it like index and something it doesn't matter as long as you see these two arguments and you'll match that so when Ruby matches this then it'll be like okay I have a case here and then it then tries to call some methods to try to either throw a throw offense or auto correct your code or something okay so what about auto correcting right how does Ruby or how does Rubikop auto correct your code okay so here we have a very simple like a few expressions we have the instance sorry we have DEFN definition assigned to the instance variable definition we have full assigned to the instance variable source and then we have some unrelated method call and in Rubikop okay so one of the things that you can do is you can auto correct by for style as well so the equals operators in this code here as you see is not aligned Rubikop can help you to align those as well so what we can do is well we can parse it but we can also parse in the extra option the dash L or dash capital L option and what it does is on top of providing you the AST it also gives you the definitions of the parts of the form the expression so we can see in the first line definition equals to the instance variable definition you can see that it can identify it can correctly identify where the operator is right and so this is key this is a piece of code that I did not write this was written by white quark in one of his articles in his blog white quark is the creator of parser so I don't claim any credit for the code I'm just mentioning what what can be possible so he on the right is the AST for the three lines of code we saw earlier and on the left is you know a class that he wrote that inherits from parser me writer okay so first of all online to it calls on begin which means it's trying to match a begin block a begin node which it is a begin note so that matches and then it says note children each so it's just iterating through all the children the begin node has three children IVA assigned which is instance variable assigned LV assigned which is local variable assigned and then ascend to unwritten method call so it says okay if the nodes are assignment nodes then push them into an array and so that's basically what it's doing is pushing the instance variable assigned node and the local variable assigned node into the array then it calls a line on those on that array of nodes what a line basically does is it plugs out all arrays again it iterates through them and then for each node it calls this method lock which I think it's short for location and then it calls dot operator to find where the operator is and then it finds the column so you can find out the exact column number that the operator is in so now it's got a array of op of column numbers and then it just picks the maximum one so it picks the operator that is furthest to the right and then what the line at the bottom is doing is it's just inserting like white spaces before the operators to justify it so if you run that ruby rewrite and then you put in the script and you put in the expression then you notice that the equal signs are now justified okay so how does this all relate back to ruby cop so actually I mean obviously there's more to that but essentially that's how all the cops work right so take the hash each methods cop again you have the dev node matters which are just trying to catch particular types of patterns but in particular is trying to catch when somebody calls each on a hash with two key values or is trying to catch when you use something with keys dot values and then each and it's right to suggest a method for that and then you can also define on block amongst other any different types of nodes to say okay I want you to kick in when you see a block node that looks like this and that's it that's that's pretty much the core of what I learned about about ruby cop this is sorry a little bit more little bit more so did it change my dissatisfaction right so I went through all that like I was still dissatisfied and now am I like less satisfied a less no more satisfied okay and then the short answer is like no not really right you don't just like morph into a beast overnight but it got me started I think so I started reading this book by called ruby under a microscope by Pat Shaughnessy it's really good and I highly recommend it and that's what I've been doing I think for the past few months the book talks about the steps that that that ruby takes to finally execute your code and it goes through it in detail I just want to share with you one extra learning I got from from from this book sorry I want to share with you one extra thing from this book that happens on the compile and sort of the last bit which I thought was quite intriguing so this is a data structure called a stack and I learned about the stack you know in my first year and I knew that okay a stack is pretty much like an array but you know you can only put stuff in from one side and you have to take stuff out from the same side so you've got some kind of like a last in first out kind of a paradigm going on and I'm like okay cool that's a stack but I don't really know what a stack is used for I don't see how it is implemented and I don't see how it's useful to me okay so I explored this so here I have a piece of code at the top two plus two plus two it's very simple that's the AST and you could all do this as well so you could call the Ruby VM class instruction sequence and then you could compile that code and it will produce you this YARV instructions okay so when you look at the YARV instructions then you could see basically what is going to try to do is is it reads from top to bottom and then the first one first it's going to put the first thing it sees into into the stack so in this case it sees well it sees trace and then it sees put object two so it's going to put two into the stack and then it sees the next two is going to put two into the stack and then the next one is quite cool it sees operator plus okay and this is actually optimization but okay so it sees operator plus and what operator plus will try to do is it will look backward to the first two things it sees the the one immediate to it is the is the argument and the one after is the receiver so it says okay call plus on two and to the receiver two and then it executes this then evaluates to four and then it continues again so then the next thing it sees is two and the next thing it sees is plus again and then it repeats itself right so then it just like okay receiver argument and then that's the end right so now I try to modify the sequencing by putting some brackets above so now I do two plus bracket two plus two okay and I notice that the YARV instructions are not too difficult just one thing changed right so now we see two two and then two again right and then it sees the operator plus so plus is going to call the two things below it the receiver the argument that's going to evaluate to four and that's basically our bracket up there right and then it sees the next plus and then it and then you turn six so I thought that was pretty cool like this was a like the first time I've seen implementation of a stack outside of a coding challenge which like I could actually not relate to at all and then it led on to other things like for example I was looking at JavaScript and I keep hearing like JavaScript is async JavaScript is async but then like JavaScript has a synchronous call stack so then how does it become async right and I won't go into that because this is not talk.js but but yeah I did do something really clever with a queue and I would not have appreciated it if I like cannot dive into this and and looked at that so I have a new found appreciation for it okay so now I'm at the end of my talk and I think I from this I derive a lot more pleasure from my work I don't think I like skilled up but like I feel I feel more happy I think doing my work so that's that's good okay and I have one last favorite to ask of you so I used to be a teacher and I very I value feedback so I want more raise hands exercise could you raise your hands for me if you learned one new thing from this talk oh okay thank you very much sure okay thanks thanks very much guys okay I'll be taking questions but please go easy on me well okay so my last PR was in August and then I tried to look at more pull requests and I realized that at the time when I submitted the PRs I didn't have a full understanding of how all of this work I kind of just like pulled myself through it so I forced to reflect and dig deeper into what was going on and so yeah and this was the this culminated in this in this talk so I'll be starting again I just did one but I just corrected the one one documentation which is like one line of code and just change some documentation yes yeah so you could call man there is a method that you could call on it so what Rubikop does is it it recreates its own node that inherits from AST node and then it writes some wrapper methods around it to give it some superpowers so one of the things you can do is it can call the it can call out the exact line that was there was there was red so yeah then then they can spot the parentheses I'm very tempted to like open the C source files and try to look into it but at the same time there's a lot of inertia going into it as well I'm definitely more interested but I'll have to think about when I want to allocate some time and go into that I'm definitely interested to look into the recording closer to the metal yeah but with that being said like I definitely have a new found appreciation for Ruby and what it does alright thanks very much guys