Good morning and good afternoon and good evening to everyone joining us. It's wonderful to see you all. I would like to welcome you to the third day plenary session of the status of global soil biodiversity in the 2021 global symposium of soil biodiversity. It is a great honor to be here with you today. My name is Dr. Monica Farfenn. I am the Executive Director of the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative, headquartered here in Colorado, USA. In this webinar session, we will be listening to five presentations of 10 minutes each. I would kindly remind the presenters to keep it to a 10 minute presentation so that we can have time for questions and answers at the end. At nine minutes, if it's okay with you, I will intervene and let you know that you have one minute left. It is important that we keep to that 10 minutes. Attendees for the question and answer session, please use the chat to post your questions and include at the beginning, please, your name of the name of the presenter to who you want this question address. And we will choose a few of these questions to be answered live. Unfortunately, we will not be able to get to everyone's questions, but the rest will be answered via chat. Let's see. So without further ado, I would now like to give the floor to Ms. Rosa Cuervas Corona of the Global Soil Partnership, and she is going to be talking about the recent report that has come out the status of soil biodiversity. Rosa, the floor is yours. Thank you very much, Monica. I will share my screen now. Can I share my screen please? Okay, could you see now? Yes. Perfect. Yes. Perfect. Good morning. Good afternoon and good evening, distinguished guests. I will talk about the huge effort made by around 300 soil scientists translated in a global report about the status of knowledge of soil biodiversity and how this knowledge can contribute to the current global challenges. As we know, we already identified more than one million species from the eight million. So there's a huge potential to discover more species in terrestrial and marine ecosystems and soils are not the exception. And only one species dominates and is transforming our planet there and its dynamics. Considering the story of the universe, 3.8 billion years ago, everything starts in Earth, I mean, life starts in Earth and took this time, almost four billion years to evolution, co-evolution, adaptation, specialization for the human being to exist. And 70,000 years ago, human beings start constructing these complex structures called cultures and with that agricultural activities and after that economic and other kind of activities. Soil, as you know, it's a valuable natural capital, one of the most important and it's capable of providing key essential functions and ecosystem services that allow life on Earth basically. And as you can see here in this nice image unfortunately, 30% of our soils are degraded due to different activities related with industry, agricultural activities and also land use, producing of course the gradation of soils, compaction, salinization, pollution and of course the loss of soil biodiversity and also the loss of the complexity of the food webs. Considering this, FAU, GSB in collaboration with the CBD and GSBI prepared this and coordinate this important report, the global report, in order to contribute to the know-how to monitor, manage and use in a sustainable way soil biodiversity. A healthy soil is not only capable to provide essential ecosystem services, also contribute to the achievement of the SDGs, the IT targets and also human well-being. What is soil biodiversity then? We define, we have here the definition I will not read, but it is a variety of life, including microorganisms, micro, meso and macro fauna from micro avidats to landscape and I will show you very fast this splendid creators that are part of a beautiful, a low life on Earth. What do we know about soil biodiversity? As you well know, we identified already thousands of species in different groups. The main driving force of the high soil biodiversity is due to the body size fraction, the functional diversification and the variety of ecological niches from single-cells nanometers to landscapes. It's important to mention also that 25% of the biodiversity is related to soils and soils contains most diverse terrestrial communities on the planet and also that we cannot split above and below ground because the systems are open, of course, and flows matters and energy through them and something that happens below affects above and vice versa as you can see here in this image. Why is soil biodiversity is important? Okay, because we can, for example, for agricultural sector, we can use this as a clean biotechnology, using inoculants, specific bacteria, for example, and fixing bacteria in order to increase productivity, reduce leaching and therefore pollution, and also reduce non-CO2 emissions. Also, regarding biological control, we can use specific genes from a specific specific specific genesis in order to inoculate in plants, in this case a plant. Plant can, or the use of micro-organisms, bacteria and fungi can immobilize certain toxic compounds from soils. Regarding degradation, for example, soil biodecnosols and pioneer plants can use the best function of the system. Regarding soil, no, sorry, regarding human health, the discovery of denicillin has had major impacts on increasing human life expectancy. And of course, art is not the exception, as we can see, beauty inspires. The problem or the issue is that our diversity is in great danger, caused due to 10 major threats and the cost of inaction will be 50 billion euros per year. You can see here the 10 threats related with deforestation, agricultural intensification, pollution, salinization, nutrient imbalance, compaction, fire, urbanization, ceiling, among others. All of these threats will affect biodiversity in different grades, but the meaning of biodiversity habitats, also decreasing the complexity of the food webs, also for a specific species imbalance and therefore inputs from plant growth and also for microbes growth, et cetera, and also will take decades to recover the biodiversity. What are our challenges? A few countries that maintain national soil information systems include soil biodiversity and are related in most of the cases to develop countries, also there's a necessity to strengthen all the knowledge in all soil groups. We need to recognize soil biodiversity in the most global agendas. There's weak capacity to develop the adoption of novel technologies and also there's a necessity to invest in research related to microbiome, and also there's a need to scale up bio remediation to address soil pollution. As I mentioned already, the potentialities are huge regarding food security, biological control, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and also nutrition and human health, and more than ever with this pandemic situations. Also for climate change adaptation and mitigation and microorganisms are key for carbon sequestration. What are our way forward? It's very important to mainstreaming soil biodiversity in the sustainable development agenda, as I mentioned, as a UN decade on ecosystem restoration. As I mentioned, it's very important to develop standard protocols for assessing soil biodiversity in different scales. It's very important to establishment soil information systems, but including soil biodiversity as a key indicator of soil health. Also, it's very important to improve knowledge about soil microbiome and also about soil groups that form soil biodiversity, not only microorganisms. It's very important to establish a global soil biodiversity observatory and also an initiative for sustainable management of soil biodiversity. And finally, I will leave saying that small actions can cause big changes and as civil society, we can start doing these small actions. Thank you very much for your attention. Rosa, that was a wonderful synopsis of the report and the importance of soil biodiversity in the world and to humans. Thank you very much. I know we're going to have questions on this as we proceed. I would next like to turn the floor over to Dr. Carlo Fada. Dr. Fada is the director for biodiversity for food and agriculture research at the Alliance of Biodiversity International and CIAT. Dr. Fada, are you ready? Good afternoon, good morning, good evening to everybody. Let me share a presentation. I don't know. Do you see it? We do. Thank you. Thank you. So I think I will follow up on some critical aspect of Rosa's presentation. I think that it is important to understand a little bit better in production between above ground biodiversity and the below ground biodiversity. This seems to be separate world, but they're not really. They talk to each other and interact in very many ways. Just to be clear that I work on genetic diversity of crops or my area of expertise is more on the above ground. And so we talk about how those interactions can potentially, although there are many gaps, but how those interactions can potentially improve the sustainability and resilience of our ecosystem. I will go quickly through it because I think all this has been already mentioned several times during the conference, this symposium, but we all know what the challenges are. So there are malnutrition crisis where people, two billion people are suffering from micronutrient deficiencies and there is an increase of obesity. There is still a hundred million people that go to bed starving at the end of the day. There is a biodiversity crisis. We know that a lot of, I mean, particularly for food and agriculture. There are over 6,000 plant species that are known for that, of which 200 make major contribution to food production, but only nine account for 66% of total crop production. So not much of the agro biodiversity is used. We have the climate crisis and that is also only related to unsustainable agricultural practices that combine together from farm to for contributes to about 30% of greenhouse gas emissions. And again, the land degradation crisis where the proportion of land which is degraded is about 25% in 2020, but it's set to increase if the current pattern of land degradation continues and if unsustainable agricultural practices continue to be used also considering that at the moment agricultural production system is the larger agricultural system on land because it's taking over other. And I think all these four crises are interlinked. They all link to the use of unsustainable practices. Rosa showed nice pictures about how this is how intensification of agriculture monocropping is is causing loss of soil biodiversity and this causing land degradation. And there is a big call for exchange because of that. So for example, FAO says that biodiversity for food and agriculture is indispensable to food security, sustainable development and the supply of many vital ecosystem services. And CBD talks about transformations that need to be achieving the production of good and services, especially food and through the adoption of agricultural methods that can meet growing global demands by imposing fewer negative impact on the environment. This is the trick you need we need to produce more food because population is growing but with less impact on the environment. The World Economic Forum. So even the private sector is very much aware of it. There is no future for business as usual. We're reaching irreversible keeping points for nature and climate and over half of the global GDP GDP is potentially threatened by nature loss and again agriculture is a major contributor to this nature loss. We need the best food we need the fundamental different model of agriculture based on diversifying farm biodiversity coming back replacing chemical input soil is of course very important. So we can see that the number of actors from civil society that economic UN agencies are all calling for a change. The soil are very important soil biodiversity is very important for ecosystem services in agriculture, because it improves soil fertility and this will be linked to more food production. This also contributes to proper protection. Before many years of work on soil biodiversity was thought that soil was just bringing diseases but now we know very well that soil can protect plants and from diseases and pests. This indicates climate change by absorbing carbon and it's also a reservoir for soil and water conservation and it does this on a number of approaches it was well explained by this paper on plant functional traits and soil and ecosystem services and because we're talking about plant functional traits. This is where we go into the, what could be a good agenda for research in the next future so when we look at the, the, the, the both ground perspective we do. We know that a lot of crops have a huge amount of diversity this is because they were adapted over the past 10,000 years in the beginning of agriculture to different environment, they were subjected to natural selection as well as well as human selection. So when we work on crops there is a huge amount of diversity that can be used and yet much of the intensive agriculture today only use one or few varieties. And what happens when we plant more varieties as one can see from these graphs is that the disease pressure decrease so if you have one variety that could be super resistant and so you have no disease but you are increasing it higher risk because you can also have very severe. And the more varieties you plant in your field, the damage actually get reduced so we know that diversity alone brings a reduction of disease pressure, but is it really alone. We also know that planting different varieties together also not only improve the resistance to pests and diseases but also improve it. So in this experiment, we planted the four different varieties in as mono mono variety trial and then we plant them all together in one crop and there was no one single variety that would actually beat the combination of the four when they are planted. And of course we call for a different type of management of the crop but it's interesting that when you bring those varieties together you have a better yield than any of the single lines. And also we know when we go down and how these varieties may interact and please don't look at all the details of the graph, the graph. And when we go down to to the what happens in the in the below ground connection, we have total root length, for example, characters average and there is a huge amount of diversity. So the root structure of this genetic diversity when you bring them of this when you when you bring them together is is also very broad and one would assume that these rooms would use the soil resources different. But the possibility is it is it possible that because when when you plan different varieties in one plot you have better person disease management best the better control of pests and diseases, better yield is because you have different root systems that actually use the soil biodiversity resources in the different way and so they're more efficient overall and and that could be and that could be a nice area because all these is done by people like me for example where who is looking at what happens to the crop, but any of the paper that is here is actually showing is actually showing what could be the the possible explanation for all these is there is something that links what is happening in the both ground with the below ground. And the last point because I was talking about the prices and because mentioned soils are pharmacy. So there are there is also soil and the nutrition prices and soil are the foundation of nutrition the plants, get their nutrients, the minerals, etc, from from the soil is. And so the more they are available in the soil and that can be favored as it was explained earlier by the previous by the previous speaker by by facilitating also the update of some of these very important micro nutrients and minerals. And that would address to sum up would address all the crisis that I presented in the beginning from the land degradation the climate change, the productivity issue but also the nutrition crisis. So, to conclude, we need to have a better understanding of the relationships between plant functional traits and agricultural system processes and services. I work, I don't work with soil scientists understand how my different systems in my different with varieties interact with the soil. And we need also to understand better how functional diversity influence agricultural system processes and services so from the genetic diversity from proper rotation from intercropping, so that we can design production system that have more diversity at this level and that interactive crop rotation and intercropping we heard from the first year from the first day of this symposium, how having more, more crops in the rotation actually help improving the biodiversity of the soil so we need to take all these into account in our research. And of course how we can have a better understanding on the household biodiversity can be managed to improve human nutrition. And thank you very much for your attention. Thank you very much. Dr Fada, that was wonderful. We have had many questions come in about your presentation, and we will address some of those. And after our last speaker, we appreciate your, your presentation very much. Our next speaker, who I'd like to bring up is Mr Dylan Warren Marafa. Mr Dylan currently works with the FAO. And he is currently pursuing his doctorate at the Agribiodiversity in Agribiodiversity, excuse me, at Sonana School of Advanced Studies. Mr Rafa, the floor is yours. Yes Monika. Thank you very much. Can you hear me. Can you see my screen. Yes, both. Great, fantastic. So thank you very much. And then good morning, good afternoon and good evening to everyone. I'm really happy to be here and having this opportunity to share the work that they have been doing in the last year with Michael League Jennifer Kenser and Uncle Daski. And on the effects and the impact of co-production practices on soil microbiome, and on their implication for ecosystem health from climate change and for human wellbeing. So, let me start with a brief introduction. We know that you might be facing multiple challenges. We know that we have to face challenges such as malnutrition, biodiversity laws, natural resource degradation, and all of this under the threatening pressure of climate change. But what is emerged in the last, let's say the game in the last years that we believe being very interesting is that those challenges are interdependent, and hence we should not try to take them in isolation. When we talk about interdependencies, we, for instance, know that malnutrition is a fertile ground for noncommunicable diseases, or for instance that agricultural production can definitely play a role in security but also causes biodiversity losses and natural degradation. When looking for alternative explanations to understand the relationship between those challenges, we in FAO start to work, start to focus on the role of microbiome as a missing link. What's that? Well, because when we focus on the agri-food systems, it's actually clear that the microbiome is quite different, and also that interacts along the agri-food system, as you can see. So it goes from the soil microbiome, which will be the focus of this presentation, the animal microbiome, the plant, the aquatic, up to the food until the human gut microbiome. So, as an informal FAO microbiome working group, we started to work on a series of review of those microbiomes in order to actually investigate what evidences are there on the role of microbiome on ecosystem services, ecosystem functions and human health. So let me briefly say that obviously this work is very much interdisciplinary and frameworks like such as the One Health is definitely of help, and also that this work is very much linked to at least those five sustainable developments. So overall, in the work we are carrying out as a FAO microbiome working group, we certainly wanted to come up with studies with reviews which were quite comprehensive on the soil microbiome, on the microbiome general. But the real aim is actually to build a process, a process that based on science, promote debates with the overarching goal of informing policies. And today, I will just talk about a few key message that emerged from the work we've been carried out on soil, where we actually explore the connections between production systems, the climate and the human health from the perspective of the soil microbiome. So to this hand we actually use a pretty diversified methodology. For instance, we started with negative literature to review as a descriptive tool of the role of soil microbiome on ecosystem services and climate change. We also work on what is the effects of farming practices on soil microbiome. And we also use the systematic literature to review. Here we wanted to focus more on the interlinkages between practices microbiome and climate change and human health. When I say interlinkages basically I mean if the farming practices change the soil microbiome in a way that the climate change or the human health is affected. Last, but not the least, we carry out a series of photo troops, we put together microbiome experts from research from industry and from policies. The idea was to obviously discuss our findings, but also create a momentum, reach a consensus and plant future collective and very interdisciplinary work. But let me directly maybe jump into a few key messages of the review and so on. Firstly, we highlighted that we found very strong evidences of the key role of soil microbiome in providing a very wide set of ecosystem services and on mediating chemical cycles related to climate change in terms of greenhouse gas emission and carbon storage. Despite that, we concluded our current knowledge to not actually precisely allow us to predict how she's in microbiome can affect the release for instance of greenhouse gas emissions. Concerning practices we found very detailed evidences of the effects of certain practices on the soil microbiome and on the consequent effects of on soil functionality on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon storage. I'm thinking for instance about the crop diversification strategies that kind of what I was referring for. In our work and especially as a result of the other groups that we carry out. We identified several opportunities and research needs. I'm not going into into the detail now, but I mean the report will be released in a month time or less and there you can definitely find much more detailed information. Concerning the human health. We did not really found the clear evidence on direct links between soil microbiome and human health, but it's certain that the conceptual framework is there, and therefore we agree that this is definitely worth it will continue to investigate on this on this topic. But not the least, the interdisciplinary nature of soil microbiome obviously calls for interdisciplinary collaboration, which are definitely critical in this on this topic. So, as a result of our work we work we obviously identify that we have a huge diversity of genes and functions in the soil microbiome. We actually do not know that much. It strikes me all the time when I think that we know only about 1% of soil biodiversity in general so we know even less in terms of soil microbiome, but still, we are statistically able to see a significant effects of those microbiome so you can imagine the opportunity that we are talking about. And actually the market seems quite responsive on this. You can see this figure and it's absolutely clear that the private sector is also moving forward and this figure are actually expected to grow farther in the next in the next years. Okay, from a practical point of view. Now the question is, what do we do with this information. How do we make those information viable. And what we notice is that we basically have two kinds of approaches. The first approach, which is very much focused on. The second approach is very much linked to inoculates, basically adding microbes or adding substances which favors the activity and metabolism of microbes and what we noticed in our in our interactions with the inoculates is that the debate gets very often priced people arguing that we need more practices, people are doing more products. The point that we really want to make here is that those approaches are mutually exclusive, and that those approaches are rather extremely complimentary, and they're both needed in order to really exploit the full potential of the soil microbiome. Rafa, you have one minute. Yes, thank you very much. That's actually my last slide. And so let me conclude with a couple of recommendation for policies which I want to stress emerge from our focus groups and from interaction we had with microbiome experts from academia from policy and from private sector. And those groups identified that policies should actually create an environment for the use and announcement of the soil microbiome in our culture. And this definitely entails public support for research, as well as for business opportunities. We also need to raise awareness on very happy to be here today. We are kind of contributing to this, this goal on the key role played by the soil microbiome. And then we definitely need a regulatory framework and enabling also technical framework, which can promote farming practices which can regulate products. Which recognize the value and foster the activity of soil microbiome in our culture. Last, let me say that during this process, we, I fail was actually recognized as a really reliable intermediary, which was kind of able to put together the scientific community with policy maker, in order to bring tangible changing to the food system to the So with this I thank you very much for for your attention and give back the floor to Monica. Thank you. Okay, thank you very much, Mr Rafa. We are going to go straight into our next speaker because we are running a little short on time right now. I'm Dr. Alberto, or Gazi. Currently works in with the Europeans Commission joint research center. He is currently heading the Lucas soil biodiversity survey, which is a large scale campaign supported by the European Commission. And I will now turn the floor over to you, Dr or Gazi. And mute yourself. Okay, can you hear me. I can. And see my presentation. Yes, perfect. Okay, thank you for the opportunity to be with you and to present a bit what I'm, what I'm doing in the next 10 minutes or so. I'm telling you something about large scale assessment on soil biodiversity, what we have and what we miss. So probably if you have attended a soil biodiversity conference or workshop meeting, whatever, in the next few in the past few years, you have seen scientists starting the presentation like this. So soil biodiversity is very important, but unfortunately we don't know much about it. I used to start my presentation like that, but then I realized, wait, wait a second, this is not true. So I need to take a step back, rewind and start again my presentation. This is my first slide for today. So soil biodiversity is very important, of course, and we have to say that thanks to the great efforts of many research groups from all over the planet. We know a lot of things about about it. For instance, we know the function and services provided by soil biodiversity, like food, the importance in agriculture, food production, also climate regulation, as already mentioned, also for medicines discovery. Now it's quite a hot topic this one and soil biodiversity can be a very important reservoir of new antibiotics for instance. We also know also the factors that shaped soil biodiversity like the soil, like the soil physical chemical properties, like also climate vegetations. Of course, we also know the threats, the risk that affects soil biodiversity from the most generic one like climate change to the most specific like soil erosion. There was a good insight on the distribution of soil biodiversity. That was not the case five years ago when the European Commission together with the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative published the first ever Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas.  So again, we were able as you see in my slide to produce the first map of soil biodiversity, but we use some unpublished data, proxy data like microbial biomass, so not real biodiversity data. However, the Atlas had an important message, so they needed to do more research on the distribution of soil biodiversity and actually that's what happened over the last five years. Now indeed we have so many maps, global maps of the distribution of different types of soil organisms from microbes like bacteria, fungi, but also nematodes, earthworms as you can see in my slide. So one can argue that now we know everything about, there is a lot of research going on, we know everything, many things about soil biodiversity, but I think that there is something that is still missing, there is something that we don't know yet about soil biodiversity. What is missing is ad hoc conservation policy targeting soil biodiversity. One can say of course we are already protecting soil biodiversity, while we protect above ground biodiversity, at the same time we are also protecting soil. That's not really true. Thanks to the maps that I showed before, the new maps, we were able to see that there are no overlap between hot spots of above ground and below ground biodiversity. So if we are protecting above ground biodiversity, not always we are protecting also the life in the soil, so this means that specific action to protect soil biodiversity are needed. And from a scientific point of view, this means that basically we need monitoring plan schemes on soil biodiversity. Indeed, if you want to protect biodiversity, whatever biodiversity you need to monitor biodiversity. Is that the case, for example, of large mammals like the panda? So we know where the panda lives, is habitat, we can monitor. If it changes then we can, for example, reshape national parks and boundaries of national park reserves to better protect this kind of animal. This is not happening for soil biodiversity. For instance, this is a fangus, Pleurotus nebordensis, that is found, is known to be found only in the northern part of Sicily in Italy. However, there is not a monitoring plan on it and not even a specific policy conservation to protect this organism. So this demonstrate the importance to start developing large and small, also small scale, like in Sicily, monitoring scheme plans for biodiversity. This will have a double advantage. One, from a research point of view, we will be able to answer important questions like extension risk associated to soil biodiversity. So far the researcher on this field basically was very, very limited. We know a few about this, but if we are able to assess the risk, we are also able to identify possible species that are endangered, so in risk of extinction. And from the other side, monitoring will also allow to develop some indicators, specific indicators for soil biodiversity. That is a key element if we want that soil biodiversity enter into the policy arena. So policy makers need indicators to monitor the effect, the impact of their decisions. Luckily, the situation is improving. There are many ongoing initiatives to start monitoring soil biodiversity, some at the regional scale. Instead, the case of the Lucas soil survey in Europe, but there are also other initiatives in Africa, China, also in Australia, and probably also other initiatives that I'm not aware of. Let me just say a few things about Europe. I'm working for the European Commission, in particular in this big survey at the European scale called the Lucas soil biodiversity survey. We started three years ago in 2018, collecting about 1,000 samples across Europe. We are now repeating this sampling, so the idea is really to launch, to have the first monitoring plan for soil biodiversity in Europe. Of course, this will allow to contribute to research but also to policy and in particular the new European biodiversity strategy for 2030. All the data and also the protocol that we are using for this sampling and analysis of the soil samples are available online, open access. You can easily access them on our website, the European soil data portal. Just Google soil data Europe and the first results will lead you to our website where you can find all the information. There are also, of course, initiative and more global scale. It's like the case of the newborn, almost newborn soil boine, which is the soil biodiversity observation network. As you can see, there are many actors involved from all over the planet. It's coordinated by the IDIV in Germany, the German Center for Biodiversity, and the idea is really to have a global scheme plan for monitoring soil biodiversity. We already proposed some list of possible indicators that can be developed using this network. Again, this is an open network. You can easily join, just Google, search soil boine and register. You'll be updated and you can also actually contribute by collecting soil samples and helping us. So my last slide, just to summarize, so as I said, we will need in the future the development of large and small scale monitoring scheme. It's important to find a trade off in the scientific communities. There is a long debate on how is the best way to monitor soil biodiversity. I think it's also, mine is a call to a scientist. We need to find an agreement. It's time to move on. Probably there is not the best soil biodiversity indicator, but if there are, the alternative is not to enter in the policy arena, I think it's better to find a deal. The effort should be global. Otherwise, of course, we risk just to have data from Europe, the United States, Australia, so just big countries, but we also need data from other Africa, Asia, South America. So we need to have a simple method that can be easily applied all over the world. This will allow, of course, to develop concrete recommendation for soil biodiversity like the creation of a red list for soil organisms to achieve what is the final goal of this kind of initiative that is protecting soil biodiversity, having specific policy for soil biodiversity. And that's it. Thank you for your attention. Thank you very much. Okay, I'm going to introduce our last speaker, Dr. Andrey Zaitsev, who I actually, I know his work from soil mice, which I also work with. Dr. Andrey Zaitsev currently is currently holds an appointment at the Severitsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution and the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Dr. Zaitsev, when you are ready, you have the floor. So thank you very much indeed. I'm ready. Do you see the screen. I do, if you could. Yes, perfect. Okay, thanks a lot for the excellent introduction. So I'm very happy to see all the colleagues and please consider this presentation as some sort of the follow up for the albertas one because though indeed we need to study soil biodiversity globally. So important not to forget about that actually it is formed locally. So that anyway, the biodiversity is defined by many drivers, and we can divide them into ecological and macro geographic ones so while ecological ones are dependent on the environmental and biotech factors influencing any community. The macro geographic drivers are solely associated with the large scale heat and moisture exchange effects across the planet. So, in terms of soil biodiversity, the impact of macro geographic gradients receive some attention of the past few decades ecological factors are clearly well better studied. The interactions unfortunately are still rarely addressed and moreover, if we talk about diverse disturbances and intensive management, they can really eliminate and level out the effects of the factors that are normally considered to be the leading ones in defining soil biodiversity. So overall, if we talk about different drivers different factors, they each of them is acting most intensively at a certain scale. And those, this is the concept scheme, how approximately are they arranged if we talk about a community. Further, I will present few examples mainly on the minds but also on some other groups, what comes up if we take into account the scheme. And the first example is about the large transect we've been studying in Europe, covering both spruce and decisions forests in seven regions in five countries. And there we started two groups, those were T-State Amoeba and Oribetamides, and surprisingly, for example, the forest type didn't really determine too much of the soil biodiversity level for these two groups. And they were also resembling to each other. What brings us to the question what are the actual drivers defining the diversity. I think we don't see some consistent gradients as one would expect when starting transects. And for the T-State Amoeba, indeed throughout this area, the species regions, the total diversity was dependent on the organic layer while some traits, diversity of some traits of them were defined by the different factors. For the Oribetamides, it was even more complicated because the overall richness didn't really depend on the macrogeography, but then we really could discover the different ecological drivers define diversity of different traits. And this is important to understand that when monitoring the overall diversity, this trait approach can be highly informative and add additional explanations to the patterns that we find in space. If we talk about smaller gradients, then sometimes really strange things can be the leading ones, and we started also Oribetamides in the Netherlands, where there is a clear gradient of the geological age increase coming from the coast to the inland area. And this resulted in the fact that actually the older, the geologically older landscapes we examined, the more species we found. And in fact, this was not really dependent on the soil type. The trait, the trend was quite consistent in the sand and clay soils, but at the same time there was again the very strong contribution of different traits into explaining this, that for example, the sexually reproducing mites were the ones that actually define this ascending trend in the diversity. So at the more local scale, for example, if we change our forests, if we change a forest type from the mixed forest into a modern culture, we can also lose some part of the diversity simply because the more widely distributed species that are also ecologically more more tolerant and more plastic, they seem to prevail. And the species with the smaller ranges, they seem not to benefit from such conditions, while when it is converted back to the mixed forest, the share and the overall diversity of the species that can be called endemic, they also increase. So it's important to understand that this micromosaic of the habitats can really help increase the diversity at the local scale. Disturbances, they also make their contribution, and unfortunately normally the quite negative one into first this explanatory value of different environmental drivers and especially macrogeography. This was started along another trendset in European Russia, where we compared burnt and unburned forests. And what was quite striking here that actually the effect of fire really reduces the better diversity of might communities in this forest, meaning that disturbances, especially heavy disturbances can really strongly equalize the macrogeographic patterns and macrogeographic gradient effects on the diversity of the certain soil taxa. So overall, if we consider all this over and both set of filters, we can say that each of them has their place in the system, depending on the scale and the scale of the most effective action, as we call it. And at the same time, the degree they can affect the community really changes with the largest effect of the locally acting disturbances and ecological factors that can totally level out the effect of the macrogeographic gradients. So to conclude, we can say that the study of geographic gradients requires a programmed coverage and spatial resolution to avoid unnecessary stochasticity induced by locally acting ecological factors. Ecological drivers may strongly override geographic patterns locally by the order of magnitude. So this is something to be considered very seriously in the future. And the simplification of micro and macro habitat structure and unification of edific parameters after disturbances reduces the effect of macrogeographic gradients. That was it. Thank you very much for attention. I think I made it in terms of time. You totally made it. It is, it is now two o'clock exactly. Thank you so much. We unfortunately are out of time right now. And if you have seen questions in the chat speakers that are for you, please go ahead and answer those. I was going to quickly say that we had at our peak this morning 1900 participants, which is amazing. I am now going to turn over to Isabel, they're Becky, who is going to talk about how to get into the parallel sessions this morning. Monica. A few information. First of all, I would like to inform you all that given the few complaints we received yesterday on the absence of interpretation for the yesterday session power has made an effort. And we'll ensure interpretation for the tomorrow crossing session in both Spanish and French. We sincerely apologize for the Arabic Chinese and Russian speakers but it was impossible to find interpreters for those three languages on such a short notice. I will now briefly explain you how to join the parallel session for the participant who attended yesterday plenary session, you may just skip this intro and join directly your parallel session. Well, for the next two hours we will all split into six different parallel sessions structure around 90 presentation well today about 50 4050 presentation. You can switch between parallel session as many time as you like and attend the presentation that interests you the most. Your camera will be on but you will not be able to unmute yourself. If you want to intervene raise your question on the chat and the moderator we select some key question and open the discussion. Now how to enter the parallel session. You can refer to the email that was sent to you recently with a subject attending the symposium. It has a lot of details on how to join those four days. The alternative is also to simply enter the symposium website. My colleague is now posting the URL on the chat. Let me quickly share my screen. So, you just click here. That's a homepage. Join the symposium. Here you can. You just need to click on each image that indicates a different part of session type in the right passcode and simply join the parallel session. Very quickly also remember that the agenda of parallel session is available here from the home page you have a virtual agenda and a notable agenda for you. And regarding a certificate we receive a lot of requests also certificates will be granted upon participation to the four days of the symposium. There's a message on the GSB mailbox so we can check the participation log and and don't forget to check also the GSB website here under resources we are gradually uploading all the recording and the presentation so take a look there. And that's it. I hope everything was clear and I see you all in the final session now. Thank you.


Vedanta. Vedanta wu return to run and resuscitate operations of KCM as the majority shareholders alongside KCCM IH. I want to say to Vedanta that underline the word resuscitate. Therein lies the benefit to the Zambian people. We don't want running battles. We, like the Minister Kopa Bill said, the Vedanta under UPND is going to be different. We are very positive about that. Ladies and gentlemen, you may recall that on 7 September 2022, ZCCM investment holdings PLC, Vedanta resources limited, Vedanta resources holdings limited and Konkola Kopa Main's KCM provisionally liquidator entered into a written agreement to suspend the hearing of the disputes between the two parties, Vedanta resources on one hand and ZCCM IH on the other to pursue amicable settlement of the disputes. The parties engage in discussions to resolve the disputes and have reached a significant milestone. As part of the resolution, all disputes between the parties have been resolved and all proceedings relating to the disputes will be withdrawn with each party bearing their own costs. Consequently, the KCM Board will be reinstated and Vedanta resources limited will return to its previous role as the Maj. Chair of KCM based on the following mutually agreed conditions. And these conditions, like mentioned by Vedanta themselves, have been imbedded in the agreements. Number one, renewed financing commitment towards investment in mind development and key in the mind development is the Konkola Deep Mining Project famously known as KDMP. That is the future of KCM. So there is an emphasis that KDMP must be a priority even as the shareholders agreement is reinstated. And that is to increase productivity, to create more jobs, more revenue and more activity around the mind. And increase in employee salaries and the one of payment. I think those details were given and that one is immediately the shareholders agreement. I thought the unions to clap on this. Mr. Chewe, you are not happy. Immediately after your statement, your workers are going to have an increase and there is a one of payment. I hope the media picks the percentage. I am not Vedanta. So Vedanta has announced the figures. So pick that list. So there will also be an investment in robust and transparent environmental, social and governance programs. And the figure that has been given is really something that would change the three towns where Vedanta will be domiciled. It's quite substantial and it is going to become annually. This is very important to us. Then number four and very critical to Mr. Costa, a settlement of local outstanding creditor debts by supplier, by contractor. Adiishonali, government's God and share, imagine even the God and share was neglected and dealt away with. This government is saying the government God and share will be reinstated as a safeguard to ensure the asset is protected. In this regard, the parties are working towards concluding revisions to the shareholders agreement and the implementation agreement on new terms are stated. Which agreements will be legally binding on the parties to ensure that the renewed commitments are fulfilled. I want to make a point here through this press briefing to all the mining companies that the ministry of mines will follow the mines and minerals act to the latter. One of the things that was neglected is just following the law. That when an investor misbehaves, implement the mines and minerals act, supervise them. And my ministry will be on hand. That's why you've heard we are introducing the Minerals Commission Act, which will replace the mines and minerals act of 2015. I hope Minister of Justice I'm cutting them right. It's not my domain, but we are going to have the mines and minerals commission act. There will be enhanced supervision of the mines. This is not only to Vedanta, to everyone who is misbehaving in the mines. We want to maximize benefit of the minerals to this country and we are not playing around. Yes, it has taken long for these things to be put in place because our politic again this country was damaged in 10 years. And people want Kainne to solve it in 2 years. No. Damage of 10 years requires a lot of time. If you were sitting in my chair as Minister of Mines, you can see the confusion that was there. And I was very shocked my predecessor going on radio, ranting around. Looking at what he left, I just said insonia wuntu. Sometimes keep quiet and let others with the mandate work. Because the damage was, this country was on autopilot. And we have to say it as it is. So going forward, the Ministry of Mines, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Finance will be working as a team, the Ministry of Commerce to make sure that adherence to the mines and minerals act, the mines, the commission act is followed to the latter. It does not mean we are going to choke you investors. What we want, a partnership that are mutually beneficial to yourselves and to ourselves as a country. So this is very important. With lessons learned from the past, these terms and conditions provide safeguards to present history repeating itself. We do not intend to have history. Thank you for that prayer minister. The history must not repeat itself on KCM. This time around like the chairman said for the KCM, this is a world-class asset. And we know that Vedanta you are running a zinc mine in South Africa, world-class. We want a replication of that on KCM. We want world-class standards have grown upon that mine. We want properly adhered to rules and regulation and world-class standards The necessary rigo formalities and procedures are also being attended to. It is very important that the country understands that now it remains with my colleague and his team, the Minister of Justice to reinstate the board to go through. Madam Selene is here to issues of the provision of liquid data. This is a procedure because they shouldn't have done that in the first place. So meaning that is why you are seeing those no in three months because these are now processes that the courts must run. So that we do not seem to be doing things like we are from the bush. We are a meticulous government. We follow the law. The rule of law must be followed. And that's why these processes must run because I know they are question marks. No, why have they given this period? It's because these processes must run including the creditor settlement schemes and all those things which are in the domain of my colleague, the Minister of Justice. It is not a secret that the asset has deteriorated a great deal over time and the production output has substantially reduced. This is a very sad development for a national strategic asset. The new dawn government, the UPND new dawn government has a vision of realizing 3 million metric tons. Vedanta, I want you to listen. 3 million metric tons is our target and KCM is key to be part of those figures. So please push the asset when that time comes to go to maximum levels. I know that KCM can go to as high as 300,000 metric tons. So government will do its part but do your part as well to make sure that the asset reaches those levels. We have made very bold decision to restore normalcy at KCM by bringing back or by restoring Vedanta and it is expected to significantly contribute to the attainment of this target. In the 2 years we have been in office, we have strived to correct the damage that was created by the previous administration by conducting due diligence on KCM in terms of technical audit, environmental audit, financial audit and production audit among other assessments while we have negotiated the best deal with Vedanta for the benefit of our people and the nation at large. It is the desire of the UPND administration to lay the foundation for faster, sustained, private sector-led growth by improving the investment climate, fair treatment to investors though not at the detriment of the nation. We are going to be fair, I am repeating the words of the Minister Kopa Belt. We are going to be fair, it will be a win-win situation but not at the expense of the common Zambian people. We are also saying we build confidence as many others would be investors want to come and invest in Zambia. Ladies and gentlemen, Vedanta has made a number of commitments that we can only age them to fulfill for the betterment of the people of Zambia and the Kopa Belt in particular. What is critical is again I repeat this word to resastate the KCM asset. As you may be aware, the state of the KCM asset over the last four years has been dire. Underground operations have nearly been halted. KCM certainly needs immediate recapitalization. We are therefore confident that Vedanta will run the mine according to our expectations and also say it and actualize milestones. We expect the investor to work with Zambians out there who play a critical role. I am aware in the agreements that you are bringing just a skeleton number of people. The majority of the workers at Vedanta will be Zambians. The majority of workers will be Zambians. We want you to support our emphasis again. Suppliers and contractors have been on record as having said. The benefit on the mine. Tax is important. Tax paid properly. But also what is critical are the activities local supplier development programs. We want that to be enhanced when the SHA is reinstated. We care for our suppliers and our workers must be motivated. Sports. We need concola blades in Changa Rangers, Nampundwe football club. Those are critical ones. When we are growing up I want to share this with you Vedanta. Whenever concola blades win in Chilabombwe, production at the mine used to go up. It sounds as a joke but it's true. Mr Chewe will tell you who have been in the mines. If in Changa Rangers is performing, if concola blades is performing, it used to be a trigger for development. So you do well to use that. I am giving you free advice. When these teams are doing well, they are always productivity would go up. If they are not, a lot of accidents used to happen because miners were going underground frustrated. So you do well to do that. I was watching a game last week. There were thousands of people that followed that club and most of them are miners. So you do well to support even sport as the SHA is reinstated.


Yeah, everybody focused was a team win, honestly, from starters to the bench and coaches to have. I think we did a good job overall of staying with that game plan and staying focused and winning the 50-50 balls and making the right place. When you say you're building, is that physically feeling more spry, and able to do things, or is that more just confidence and I'm going to try this? Yeah, it's a little bit of everything. People seem like I had a sprain ankle or something. I have back surgery. That's not easy to come back from. So I take it day by day. I stay locked in. I stay focused and continue to build on myself, my body, and my game. Just staying into the ball, communicating with my teammates, letting them know where I was. And then I had a few lapses where I didn't communicate and they scored, but we were able to fix that in the fourth. Yeah, for me, I love those moments. I'm not going to shy away. That was their plan. Obviously, it didn't work. We were able to convert a couple free throws, come back, get some stops. It's building. I like those moments. Yeah, I'm coming. I'm getting there, man. Let's take a little bit of time. But I mean, I got my own back. My teammates got my back. My coaches, so. There wasn't a lot of response in the second half. How much of a value do you guys take out of a game like this? There wasn't easy.  Yeah, we're all here to win, you know? Regardless of what people put out there to say, we're here to win. We're competitors, regardless of what people say. And we're here to win the championship. So it's going to take everybody to do that. And everyone's got to stay focused and locked in and stay the course and not get caught up in all the other things going on and stay together.


Hey guys, it's Nate, aka the Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. We need to talk about some market movements that happened today during the beginning of Bundesliga team of the season. This team came out today in packs. There was an SBC as well, Yonatan Ta. And there was a lot of stuff that went on inside the market, a lot of stuff that was panic sold and bought back because these cards were so expensive on the market. And when they came onto the game, they were honestly extinct for a good point in time. And as you can see right here, they still, for a lot of the cards, at least in my opinion, are very overpriced, especially the top tier guys, Lewandowski, Royce, Havertz, and some of those guys I think are still very, very, very high in price. So I want to kind of talk about that. And this is something that we can learn from for future team of the seasons that will be coming out, you know, La Liga, Serie A, League Un. When those team of the seasons come out, we can take what we learned today and learn from it. So first off, I want to take a look at these prices because they're honestly the ridiculous. Let's look at Jadon Sancho. Obviously, he got a big boost from his FFS card that came out earlier in the year today. Very hyped up player this year. He had a very great year at Dortmund. Right now, he's chilling at around 2 million coins, 1.9 actually on the market right there. So he has dipped under 2. But he's still pretty expensive. And that's a card that a lot of people were going to try out, you know, as we go on through the week. The Premier League players are out of pack, so you're seeing them stay extremely expensive. But that's because so many people have coins after the Thursday rewards. And that's really what is driving up the market right now and making things so, so expensive is just that the fact that you had some people on this game on Thursday when they opened rewards, the guys that were top 100, some guys got lucky packs and made 10 million coins on one pack. That ultimate Premier League tot pack. Now this weekend, I don't think you're going to have the same amount of coins that enter the market, but it's going to be the same thing because people are going to be getting that ultimate pack. And even if you get some of the worst guys, you're looking at like 100k for some of these guys, you know, so maybe five or six guys are 100k. That's 600,000 coins and you pack one middle of the road card. Everybody's going to be making at least a million coins, maybe two million coins. And then if you hit one of the big boys, that's going to double that amount very easily. People are going to be making that again this weekend, just because there's a lot of higher rated players in this Bundesliga team, higher priced I should say, just the fact that so many team of the season cards are going to be entering the market through rewards. That's the big draw. Now it's not going to be as big as last week, but still it's a lot of coins that come onto the game and especially with lightning rounds in the weekends and all the promo packs that are in the store, you're seeing some things on the market have gone higher and higher than they ever have before because people are coming back onto the game because team of the season in their eyes is pretty cool looking because it's kind of a promotion that might bring some people back onto FIFA that haven't been playing and the whole, you know, these cards being in rewards has really changed how people are grinding the game because it really makes people grind for packs, grind for the weekend league rewards and the reds that we saw this week were very, very worth it to grind for. So continue to play champs. I'm actually playing weekend league this weekend. I barely play this game and I'm going to be playing weekend league and, you know, because I saw the rewards and the possibilities that are there, even with the red picks.  But since these cards were very, very expensive today and they have other versions on the game, I want to look at some of the price movements for some of these cards today. Now I'm going to show you my transfer list here in a second, but we're going to look at Royce first because Royce is a very popular card and yes, he has tons of different informs on the game. I want to focus on this 92 headliner. Look at what he's at right now. 400, when it loads, 469,000 coins, 500 kmps. Look at the graph, 377. He's up 100,000 coins from where he was on Thursday and actually I bought one for this price this morning. I sold it on my transfer list. I only bought one. I should have bought more. Look at what happened here this morning. 374 before the packs, packs come out. He rises because basically what happened here was up until 6 p.m. UK, people were selling this card and trying to get rid of it because they knew the Tots version was coming. They sell it off, Pan XL basically, his card goes down in price and it rises back up and look where he is now, 469,000. I sold mine for 437. I sold too early for that card. You could have done the same thing with his other informs as well. The 91 rated informed, 385. It was obviously earlier today, it was 200s. Yeah, 290 and now it's up to 385. What a huge price swing on that card. Right there. That was Royce. Let's look at somebody else, John and Sancho. You're going to see him on my transfer list as well. This is going to be the recurring thing, I think, unless they really change the pack weight. For these cards, and one thing that I do need to mention is in the team of the season right now, there are not only a good Bundesliga squad, we have probably one of the best two secondary leagues out in packs as well. And that's going to influence the pack percentage. You see right now it's a 10% for these 100k packs. Last week for the 100k packs, for the Premier League, I think it was actually like 17 or 18%. It was higher than this, but that was because you had the Saudi League guaranteed in there. So it was like, let's say it was 20% for 100k pack last week. 19% was for a Saudi League Tots card, and 1% was for a Premier League Tots card. That's how they can get away with skewing this number and making it seem like, oh, you actually have a 10% chance of getting a Tots player. One in all reality, you have a 10% chance of getting the Tots Ligonos cheapest card of, what is this guy, Saferovich, 51k, Andrei Almiadev, 53k. Like, even if you pack one of those cards, I mean, it's 50k, but it's nothing like actually having a 10% chance at anybody from this squad. So that's how they can kind of get away with things, you know, in the game, getting away with that probability number. But since those cards are very rare, and when you can watch them in the first hour or so when they're out of packs and you can really tell how rare the cards are, that's when you start to see the rebound because people that panic sold the card realize, I don't have 3 million coins, 4 million coins to go out and buy this Royce card. So I'm gonna have to go back and rebuy the one that I just panic sold and lose some coins buying the card back for more expensive price. But that's where we as traders come in, like we looked at that Royce graph. The 92, he was 375 earlier this morning. I bought this Royce at 375, sold it for 437, obviously could have made more profit on that. I bought this Levin Dotsky for 525,000 coins, sold it at 597. These Warners were fantastic flips. I sold again, I sold too early on some of these cards because they really rebounded later into the evening, 415 for that Warner, and I bought all of these for 310 or below this morning, 305 to 310 I bought these three at. And then Jadon Sancho was a great one, and I'm gonna actually look this up on Footbin for you guys. His price was down before this because you know all the hype was on the Premier League, we knew the Bundesliga was coming, wow he's back up to 510, so I undersold these as well. I sold too early today on these cards and that's something I need to take note of for future weeks in my trading. But take a look at his graph, 418k, 414k, and he goes booming right after this because this is why these cards really rebound after the new team of the season comes out when they get a Tots card.  I don't want to pay 2 million coins for it. Is there another version of his card that I can try? Because it basically brings hype to that player. The player gets panic sold because people think he's gonna be in Tots and they want to get his Tots card, but then the Tots card is way too expensive first day when it comes out. This is where the real buys are in the first hours heading up to a new team of the season. It was so easy to make coins today. I bought all these Jadon Sanchos under 420,000 coins, sold them for 470, I got one to sell at 504k right there, but honestly I sold them all too early again. This is something that I need to adjust for next week, but I still made 50k profit on most of those cards, actually about 40,000 coins after tax, which was crazy, crazy money. Puel Sick, I didn't make too many coins on. I just thought he was panic sold in the morning and I flipped those for like 10-15k profit each. Now Millie Tau is also a big one because this is a very hyped card in FIFA Ultimate Team. He had a team this season that was coming out today. This card dipped to under 200,000 coins on the Xbox today. I think about 245k on the PlayStation and right now we'll go look at his card and flip this as well. I really want to make this point clear to you guys because this is an incredible way of flipping cards and trading on the actual day that team of the season comes out. Here we are with Eder Millie Tau 285k on PS260 on Xbox and if you look at his graph today, look at this dip. He was 242.50k and this is where I bought today because I saw he was getting a team this season. I knew a lot of people like this card. I went and checked his price. He was 200k. I think I bought seven of them. I wish I could have bought more 205k right back up to 250k, 260k where he stands right now. I sold these at better prices, a lot of these at 260k, 250k coins, but that is literally 45k to 50k profit on every card. I bought all of them at 200k or under and I think I had seven or eight of them. So that was a very, very good profitable thing for me today. Now this happens honestly every week. So next week, when we get the next team of the season coming out, what you're going to want to look for is popular players, meta players, and players that are rare in their position. This John and Sontra card before today was one of the best right wings in the Bundesliga that is available on the transfer market. You can't really count Robin in there because he was an SBC. Yes, some people have him, but this John and Sontra card was like one of the best right wingers in the Bundesliga. This Militao card had a lot of hype. And of course, Werner is one of the best strikers in the Bundesliga with Royce being one of the best cams, Lewandowski being up there as a big time striker as well. So next week, what you're going to want to do is look for players like that that are going to get in team of the season and look to flip those cards early on in the morning two to three hours before the team of the season comes out. Today was kind of different because they actually tweeted out this team of the season right away. So you saw more concentrated panic selling heading up to the 6pm drop because people knew what was coming. And some people saw the tweet and they actually panic sold their cards. And that was actually, I think an advantage today for some of us traders looking to flip cards on the market, just because the fact, whoa, that's an undercut. 650, is that still there? That is not there. Figures. That was a big undercut. But you just saw a lot of that panic selling happening this morning. That's the main thing that I wanted to talk about in this video. And I wanted to really go in depth with that because that's something I think we can all do on a Friday morning easily. You can check the market, you know, okay, this next week, let's say La Liga comes out. Well, for La Liga, we're going to be looking at maybe center backs and right backs, maybe like a Fanta version of Sergio Ramos because obviously he has the team of the year. He might get a team this season. You know, we're going to be looking at cards like that in a game. Maybe a guy like Messi, it just all depends on the panic sell. But when you see something like this, it's pretty obvious that this is a panic sell when you know that he is a very high rated card. And you know that these tots cards first day are always so expensive, because there's no upgrade packs, there's no guaranteed SBCs. And for these, the next upcoming leagues, nobody has saved packs. And that's what really made the Premier League and the team this season most consistent, actually cheaper at the beginning, because people had saved packs that they were waiting to open. And obviously for these team of the seasons, not as many people have those packs. So again, today, that was the main thing that I wanted to talk about. I want to also take a look at the high rated golds, because I know a lot of you guys like to invest in golds. And since the market is so high right now, if you see these, let's say this video is going to go up on Saturday, you see these guys get down to like 16k Xbox and PlayStation, both the 86 rated players. I think that's a huge time to club stock, because all it takes is one or two SBCs, a flashback Gretzger, a flashback Boateng, or any other flashback SBC from the Bundesliga. Bundesliga has a lot of height this year, people will do that SBC if it's cheap. And a lot of people are doing icon SBCs again, because of the upgrade packs, people are crafting, you know, people are doing the upgrade packs getting the high rated and then going and doing icons.  Saturday and Sunday look to do a club stock with the 85s 86s. Now it obviously depends if we do get an SBC. So just keep watching these prices when you see 16k for the 86s. That's a good club stock time. And low 20s, these are getting close to club stock area. If you see 20 to 21,000 coins for the 87s, that's good. And then the low 30s for 88s is very good for club stocking as well. The 85s need to drop a bit more, in my opinion. I like to see those at 8,000 coins or 9k, at least under 10k for a club stock on those. But keep watching on those cards this week. Keep watching the team of the week as well, because there's some good flipping opportunities during lightning rounds, and especially some investment ability, especially with a guy like Weghorst, I think his name is. Because we're in the Bundesliga, there's going to be informed requirements. There's going to be people that are going to do SBCs. So this card right here might be a decent investment during lightning rounds. If you can get in for like, what is he going for right now? Weghorst.  He's an 86 rated inform from the Bundesliga. 29,000 coins. What was he earlier today? 27,26,000 coins.  If you see this card again, 26,000 coins. This is an SBC warrior for later in this week when they put out other, you know, like a flashback or more team of the season, Bundesliga SBCs. That's a great investment. Pick a couple up, throw them on your transfer list.  Again, to be a part of that coin engine, to get some, a chance at sick rewards. I mean, EA is doing awesome with the rewards for footchamps. Everybody's loving it. Definitely go out and try to get yourself at least silver one, because silver one, there is no rating cap on the player pick special item from the rewards that you get there. So at least try to get silver one, 11 wins. And then the real money range is gold three, gold two. And then if you can't get anything above elite three, just honestly, stick with the gold two and gold three, because those are again this week, or very OP and very meta for player picks and for rewards. So weekly objectives as well. I honestly haven't looked at these too much. What do we have over here in the weekly objectives section? Tots, Thorgan Hazard, Eggstein, 14 goals using German players. That's pretty easy. Assist using a Belgian player and seven separate rivals matches. Okay. And then Tots, Brahimi, win seven online single matches using 11. So you have to grind a little bit for these except for the Eggstein. But that's a free Tots that you'll be able to get. Yeah. So basically today, Saturday content wise, I'm not entirely sure what we could get. Maybe another player, SPC or a flashback. Keep your eyes open for that. That could be very expensive. So if you see these cheapest players by rating, if you see these 86s in the morning before lightning rounds hit, if you see them at like 16,000 coins, go out, pick them up, go in your club, and you'll be ready to complete SPCs or to sell those cards when they get increased in price because of all this stuff going on. One last thing, if you look, if you're looking to buy any of the new Tots cards, hold off the new Tots by day after we learned from last week is Tuesday. When the guaranteed SPC comes out, that is the by day for these Tots cards. After that with rewards, people are going to put them in their teams and prices are going to keep going sky high. So that's one thing I want you guys to keep in mind as well. So from Sunday to Tuesday, that's when we're going to be looking to pick up some of these Tots cards if you want them in your end game team. And if you don't pack them, you're going to have to buy them before Thursday because what we saw on Thursday was they all shot up as everybody wanted them, not everybody packed them, but everybody got coins from rewards and the market shot up. Because if you enjoyed this video, smash the thumbs up on it, comment down below if you do have any questions and subscribe to the channel if you're new. It's been Nate, The Foot Accountant, catch you guys later. Peace out.


And at least six Rohingya Muslims, including children, were killed and several others injured on Tuesday after having monsoon rains triggered landslides and flooding in refugee camps in southern Bangladesh. Video footage showed the damage and destruction in parts of the Kutapalong refugee camp with people searching for the belongings after the landslide. Onur Van Mahen, the country director of Save the Children Bangladesh said two children were killed after a rain-soaked hill collapsed on top of their shelter, burying them underneath. Nearly one million Rohingya live in the crowded camps, the world's largest refugee settlement, after fleeing a military crackdown in neighboring Myanmar in 2017.


Hello, my name is Chris Turnbull, and I'd like to talk to you all about how schools are preparing students to be real-world-ready. As my school embarks on a one-to-one iPad rollout to personalize learning for our students, I've been thinking about the wide chasm between the instructional tools that were available when I was a student and those that were offering our students today, and also how our schools must be preparing students to be real-world-ready today. If I think back to what was in my backpack when I was a student, my tool set that traveled back and forth between school and home every day was limited to a few spiral notebooks and whichever textbooks I needed to complete my homework. My homework usually consisted mainly of practice problems and maybe reading a few chapters in my history book or a literature book. The tools available during my school years were often purchased for the generation before mine, but continue to be used because they had not worn out yet. As you're watching, please think about whether you recognize any of these tools and devices from your own childhood years as well. The trusty paper and pencil and chalkboard were the go-tools of my teachers. Students today often either do not recognize the third tool or they misidentify it as a sewing machine, but it's actually a film strip projector. I used to be the student who got to sit by it in first grade and press the button to advance the film strip every time the beat played in the recording. I knew way back then that I wanted to pursue a career in instructional technology. The Mimeo graph machine at the end of the top row was the original copy machine and churned out scented blue or green colored ink worksheets when you cranked the handle. Those piles of worksheets were always warm and scented and also very comforting when you practiced your math facts. Then along came the Scantron machine, which made it easier for my teachers to give tests, score them, analyze the scores, and retest over and over and over. Sometimes these tests weren't motivating to the students and resulted in Scantron forms filled with intricate Christmas tree designs or other design patterns drawn on them. I was a little bit of a nerd even back then and often finished my math work quickly and then turned my calculator upside down and tried to spell as many words as I could. So my first graphing calculator in junior high was one of my favorite tools since it opened a whole new world of learning opportunities for me with all of the extra buttons, symbols, and letters that I could use to try to spell more words. I was also fortunate enough to have the last tool both at school and at home. At school we used this computer to play educational games. Pause for a few seconds and see if you think you can come up with a good guess as to what educational software game we played at school. And the answer is? That's right, Oregon Trail. So give yourself a point if you were thinking of Oregon Trail. I recently read that Oregon Trail is like the six degrees of Kevin Bacon of the educational world. One in every four people that you meet will have played or know what Oregon Trail is. In fact it spanned three generations over 30 years of active use in schools in the United States. And of course it presented vocabulary learning opportunities as well since almost everyone along the way contracted dysentery. At home though I was using this computer quite differently to learn basic programming by myself and to write programs to accomplish a variety of complex tasks. If I compare what was in my backpack, a few different colored notebooks, and my trusty graphing calculator of course, with the instructional tools and our students' backpacks today, the differences are striking in terms of the level of access to digital tools that can perform a myriad of advanced functions. There are some people who may at first be concerned about the number of games such as Candy Crush and Angry Birds that students might be able to install on their iPads. And they won't be able to see the immense possibilities of how these devices can help to transform the teaching and learning and to personalize our students' education. To better understand why we need to change the way we are teaching, let's start by looking at the timeline of digital access of the students we have in our schools. If we consider the students who just graduated in the class of 2014, most of them were born somewhere around 1996 or 1997. That means that when they were just one year old, Google came into being, putting a world of information at everyone's fingertips. When they were four, the original Apple Click wheel iPod came out allowing everyone to carry their entire music collection with them digitally so that they could always have their beats in their pockets. When they were five, the first flip phones with cameras became available allowing everyone to become a photographer and to begin capturing every event of their lives no matter how insignificant. At the age of seven, a myriad of social media giants including Facebook, YouTube and Twitter emerged enabling quick and easy online sharing of all the selfies, videos and daily news updates that people wanted to share with their friends, families and even strangers. At ten, the first iPhone became available, followed quickly by the first Android phone, allowing everyone to stay connected, share information, surf the internet, play music and take photos with just one small pocket sized device. It wasn't until 2009 when the students first saw a political campaign leverage social media that it became apparent the 21st century tools could be used for more than playing games and listening to music and could in fact be used to change the world and enable a new generation of belief and change. In 2010, with the first iPad, we began to see a movement to leverage the immense capabilities of mobile digital devices that could fit in a student's backpack and transform education. At almost no time during their short lives then have our students not lived in a world in which digital media surrounded them. Over the last few years, research has been released documenting that due to the proliferation of digital devices, multimedia and visuals that our students have grown up with, the way that their brains take in, process, store, access and use information is completely different than the way myself or anyone in previous generations does. Knowing then that our almost always on students brains are wired differently, we have to start wondering how it affects their learning when we as educators ask them to put away their devices in their backpacks when they come to school. Instead, what we should be doing is thinking about how to put a digital device into the hands of all of our students to end the digital divide and to begin preparing our students to be real world ready now. With the digital literacy skills needed for college, careers and to be more global citizens. We need to start incorporating 21st century college and career readiness skills like critical thinking, problem solving, information literacy, collaboration and social responsibility into our curriculum. When talking about school reform practices during his TED talk, Sir Ken Robinson said, what we need is not evolution, but a revolution in education in order to transform our schools. With the ever expanding capabilities of educational apps for iPads and mobile devices, the 21st century classroom allows students to engage in activities that mirror real world tasks that engage, motivate and capture students' attention as they connect and collaborate with classmates at school, across the district and state and around the world like never before. In addition to putting iPads and teachers and students hands, we have to transform our schools and classroom learning environments to move away from straight rows of desks to maximize instruction and learning opportunities. We need to redesign our classrooms, media centers and even our hallways to create learning environments that allow students to collaborate on tasks, explore ideas, display their work and access the internet and digital resources before and after school. We need to learn from the nontraditional spaces of some of the more innovative giants of the business world, like Google, that allows employees to share their ideas, collaborate and learn from each other in more socially oriented environments. And General Mills, which has employees choose the type of work space seating needed for the day based on whether they need quiet time alone for intense work or space that allows for team interaction and brainstorming. We need to incorporate those types of spaces into our schools to allow for student movement, flexible work spaces, student performance areas and shared classroom space designed with walls of glass to allow for sharing and less isolation of good teaching and learning. Personalized Learning, which includes tailored instruction and learning supports, more opportunities for student voice and choice and engagement in a technology-rich learning environment and culturally responsive teaching, which is based on the pillars of rigor, relevance, relationship and realness, help to transform students' school experiences to be more meaningful and motivating. Combining digital devices, re-envisioned learning environments, personalized learning and culturally responsive teaching allows for the creation of 21st century schools that place students at the center of instruction and build connections between home and school to make learning more relevant. With the entrance of one-to-one digital devices into school classrooms, education can learn from the work of Dr. Matsuko Ito, who found that teens' use of the internet and social media falls into two distinct categories. One category of use centers around friendship-driven social activities in which posting, linking and sharing information connects teens mainly with peers who are very similar in terms of age, geographic location and activities. Students posting pictures on Facebook and Instagram of important or daily events in their lives are common examples of this use. The second group, which has more relevance for the educational world, focuses on the interest-driven activities that students engage in online in which they join forums and user groups seeking out others who share the same interests that they do and who they consider to be experts that they can learn from. If we can begin to think of the hours every day that our screenagers, our teens, tweens and even younger students spend online staring at screens large and small, researching digital photography, videography, Minecraft and other interests often not taught at school, Imagine the impact on a student's education. If that same level of engagement could be leveraged in online courses on algebraic equations, effective persuasive writing and balancing chemical equations. Matt Paren engaged in an interest-driven project when he was inspired at the age of 13 while watching a YouTube video featuring someone playing a lead zeppelin tune backward at half speed on a guitar. Midway through the video, the creator reversed the video footage and played it at twice the speed to make the rest of the song sound and look normal. Matt planned to produce a similar video himself of himself lip-syncing a Queen song by taking two photos every day to show himself aging over time and then midway through the song regressing back in age while still lip-syncing the rest of the song. This required careful planning of over 2200 photos and had a position himself in the frame to match the previous day's photo as well as planning the position of his mouth for every single photo in order to make the lip-syncing look natural throughout the entire song. He began taking two photos a day at the age of 15 and spent the next three years continuing to work on the project, which was eventually posted on YouTube and has had over 2.3 million views. Again, imagine if we could sustain that level of effort on our more traditional school subjects. Incorporating students' interest with 21st century tools such as 3D printers and design software is enabling schools to create design labs and maker spaces that allow students to explore, experiment, and mirror the work of engineers, architects, and designers as their dreams and imagination are turned into the reality with the help of technology. The multimedia and creation apps on iPads are allowing students to create, produce, and share multimedia productions and to learn the journalism and filmmaking skills necessary to produce documentary films about how the local Green Line Light Rail project impacted the business community along University Avenue. Students are posting these creative works online for their classmates, family, and the world to see and enjoy, paralleling all the tasks of their real world counterparts of authors, composers, news reporters, and filmmakers. Students are also able to collaboratively engage in complex engineering and computer programming tasks that help to build an interest in careers in math, science, and the engineering fields. Students have even engaged in launching a weather balloon carrying a payload of five styrofoam boxes, each meticulously loaded with cameras set to take photos at timed intervals, video cameras to capture the entire flight, and a myriad of thermometers, probes, and other digital gadgets that recorded information throughout the entire ascent to the lower levels of the stratosphere and during the return flight as the payload and deflated weather balloon dropped back to the ground. Once the weather balloon and payload were tracked and recovered, students were able to analyze the data recorded by the probes throughout the ascent and descent of the balloon as well as watch the entire hour long flight to and from the near space lower levels of the stratosphere. How many times have we created learning activities that were as engaging, motivational, and real world oriented as this one was? As educators, it's mind blowing to think about the jobs and careers like iOS developer, user interface, user experience designer, and millennial generational expert that exists today but did not exist just five years ago. As we prepare our students to be real world ready, we must start by not only providing them with devices to put in their backpacks but also the experiences that our students need in order to learn to use the devices to become flexible creators, designers, collaborators, and researchers to pursue the careers that will exist in the future. Since we cannot predict what sort of jobs and careers might exist five or ten years from now for our students, we need to move away from teaching our students technology skill sets to teaching them to have flexible and adaptive mindsets in terms of knowing when and how to use technology to accomplish what they need to. We can do this by beginning with thinking about how we can use technology to accelerate learning and to create real world collaborative learning opportunities that are meaningful and offer our students experiences that will help them to apply problem solving, research, communication, and collaboration skills. So if we as educators are still holding on to our traditional backpacks that reflect how we were taught and learned, we need to start making a change ourselves. In order to accomplish this task of preparing our students to be real world ready for an ever changing, ever advancing 21st century world, we as educators need our own backpack of digital devices and need to join our students on the digital playground as Kevin Honeycutt says to ensure that we're preparing them with the tools now for their future success. Thank you for the opportunity to share ideas and information about why our schools need to prepare our students to be real world ready now in order to prepare our students for their futures. If you have comments or feedback, please contact me at atturnbullchris on Twitter or check out my blog at playlearnteach.blogspot.com. Thank you!


This is TFNN, The Tiger, Financial News Network. News Update. Good morning everyone, Basel Chapman here on Thursday the 13th of April, we're looking at the Dow, up 11 points at $30,657, the S&P is also up, it is up if I can type that in. Up 11 at $41.03, the QQQ, the index $100 trading up $273.15, IWM, the Russell $2,000 trading up $75 cents at $176.59, Gold, Gold is up strongly, it's up $37 at $2,062, I mean this is really a breakout from that 2020 level, that was resistance, looking at the dollar pulling back sharply down at $0.59 at $100.97, that $100.82 level was the low of the 3rd of February, going to be watching that closely, and this is going to be also important because bonds at this particular point are up 2130 seconds, so years have gone up just a little bit, but it's really stuck at the 200 period exponential moving average right here, it's up 2130 seconds, and we're looking at Crudo, which is at a very, very strong rally, building title today, down 48 cents at $8278 in Legd C, we're talking a lot about the notation of the Chapman wave, what it all means because we finally reached the levels that we were talking about, that Pd and Legd and the Dow, we'll see if we make a Pd or not, this is going to be an important session, this is not the action that you see after a major top at a Pd, if you look at the Dow from, and I'll talk about this in my show, coming up from the 14th of March at 34,331, yep, there was a small inside day with kind of a very small Chapman wave, green, Roman candle, next day we plunge, so this is going to be important over the next two sessions, going into Monday, it's going to be really important because if the Dow takes out, it's at 33,664, if it starts to close under 33,350, that's going to imply that this is going to be a Pd and a part sharp pullback, but look how strong the technicals still are, I'll have to talk about that when we get back because we have a mixed situation at least for subscribers to my opening call, based on the action right now, we'll be back, Vazzle Chapman, Tiger Technicians hour coming up, hold tight, we're going to be there, there's a lot to discuss, see you in a few moments.


What's going on everyone? Welcome to a brand new movie review. Today I'm discussing Winter Ridge. Winter Ridge is the brand new British independent film, which you guys know, I love my independent films. Brace Center runs The Detective, who after dealing with harsh events with his wife being in a coma, also has to deal with a serial killer in his small town. Concept for me intrigues me. I like kind of serial killer vibes, and I like those kind of serial killer films where it's about the detective versus serial killer. Obviously we got this with the snowman last year. Didn't work out, but I found this film to be a better version of the snowman just with obviously not dealing with the snowman aspects, but it had that same tone and vibe that I was looking for in that film last year. Being an independent film, this film looks gorgeous. Like I mean damn, the cinematographer was on point for every single sequence in this film. It really felt like a bigger budget thriller. That's where I kind of get to the story of this film. The story and the script is very superb in its aspects, and I love what it did with those relevant aspects. How it's building up the tension. It always was a slow pace. It never got off that slow burn or anything. And it always felt like it was cohesive and consensitive, with also making you intrigued and interested to every single thing that was going on within the film. Times sometimes don't work for independent films, but for some reason this film made it work. A lot of the reasons I do think go to all the performances in here. Matt who plays the main character in here is superb. He's great and he's very a compelling character who has a different multiple layers that we get to go through as we see how he has to deal with the effects of his wife, how he has to deal with the effects of his job and other elements around the town. It's nice to see how he's being able to perform all these other aspects of acting and I appreciated that. He gave a really good performance that makes me gravitate to his character to care about his character. Also the direction was really solid. I mean the whole film comes together over and under a director and the director does a really nice job in this film as well. I won't say this is a perfect film at all. I do think there are some cons to the film and I couldn't help but imagine this film being better as a miniseries in fact. I feel like Winter Ridge sounds like an awesome TV show. Maybe down the future they could put this into a Netflix space or some sorts. I do think the story that it's telling would have fit better in a 10 episode arc of a series and maybe kind of going from each season to be in a different mystery kind of get that thing titled Winter Ridge with this kind of different mystery edging in it and I think that because all the characters in here are very well done. They're all pretty damn good acted, but my one con with each character is I didn't know much about them. It brings you those typical things that you would understand about each character which not falling into cliches which thank god it didn't. It actually worked on those cliches and worked and made them better but I felt like the film if into a 10 series arc or maybe just a little bit longer of a story I could have found myself getting into each and every character especially between the main character and his wife. I do feel like if there was a more structured thing with seeing them together I probably would have cared more about her being in the coma not saying I didn't care about them because of the performances being so well but I feel like the writing could have been a little bit better in that part of making me care about them. It kind of goes to where I just feel like this movie could have been turned into a miniseries and probably would have made for a better overall story structure. I think the director did a pretty damn good job with the script and what he was giving. I think the performances in here are pretty damn solid too and I even have to go as far to say that cinematography again was on point. Overall other than just the story structure and I feeling like it could have been longer or maybe adapted into a miniseries I do think this film is pretty solid and I think if you're an independent lover I think you should check out this film. You're looking forward to try and find this film if you're in the UK it should be coming out around near September but also if you're in the United States and it's not coming towards the theater near you hit up down below because there is an iTunes link down there you guys can actually pre-order down there you'll get entered into a sweepstakes and you can also enjoy this independent film. With all that said I'm going to give Winter Ridge a B minus. First guys you guys know what to do next comment down below and tell me what your thoughts are on this film are you looking forward to it are you not now are you looking forward to it are you going to pre-order it let's talk about it down below in the comments. If you're new here hit that like and subscribe button then go hit up sandwich on films also down below because right down there you guys can get into advanced movie screens you can also check out some movie news and also some movie reviews. But guys of course until next time stay classy.