Everyone, welcome to a special CUBE conversation. We are here in Palo Alto, California, the CUBE studios. I'm John Furrier, host of the CUBE. We're here at Dominic Wilde, the CEO of SnapRoute DOM. Great to see you. How you doing? I'm great, thanks. So you guys are launching SnapRoute. What is the company? What are you guys launching? Tell us. Well, quite simply stated, we're delivering a new class of network operating system for the cloud native era. And really what that does is it delivers on the promise of time to service for applications, always on security assurance and compliance, and greater operational efficiency, which is really one of the things that's been plaguing organizations to date. How long has the company been around? This is the first public launch of the solution. Talk about the history real quick. So the company was founded in 2015 by some former operators from Apple. They built and ran Apple's sort of biggest public facing data centers from the networking perspective. And we've been working diligently on this sort of new class of operating system that was really inspired by their time building out those data centers. And if you kind of look back, networking's not really had any major disruptive innovation in the last 25, 30 years. But back in sort of 2006 with the advent of AWS and the new sort of big hyperscalers, those guys started to realize that the network was something that was kind of getting in the way of their operational efficiency of being able to automate and drive the network at scale. And so our founders went through that whole sort of discovery process and things when they were at Apple. And the hyperscalers drove the advent of this kind of white box disaggregated networking, separating the software operating system from the hardware. And the reason behind that was really around gaining greater control because sort of legacy networking vendors were not delivering what was needed and they needed to get more control. And so our founders just really saw the opportunity to say, look, we think that there's a way of solving what an operator really needs and what an organization needs. And one of the big challenges there is how do networking operations teams collaborate with DevOps teams? Because the DevOps teams are responsible for time to service the application and that's really the value of the organization. And so they set out to solve that problem to say, well, how can we build a network operating system? And what they realized was that what DevOps had done is embrace sort of cloud native principles, containerization, virtualization, microservices. And so what we've done is we've built a, from the ground up, a newly architected network operating system that is a fully containerized microservices architecture that embeds Kubernetes and allows the networking for this first time to be brought natively into the DevOps tool chain. So NetOps teams can still sort of control and deploy the network and define policy and things, but now they don't have to worry about those sort of annoying day-to-day tasks where a DevOps engineer is trying to get an application on the network and they have to just do sort of some pretty trivial moves, ads, changes and things. And so in doing that, what we also figured out was we could solve problems, not just around the operational efficiencies and the time to service, but also a lot of security issues as well. So a lot of development going public with the product. You mentioned Kubernetes, talk about cloud. What are the big shifts in the industry that you guys are riding on? Because you have tailwinds, you got the cloud. What's the wave that you're on? Can you take a minute to explain some of the big shifts in the industry that's going to help you guys? Yeah, well I think there's several things. I think one of the biggest is that every single organization out there is looking nervously over its shoulder because we live in an age of very, very rapid disruption. It's kind of what we call the Amazon effect. There's big, established companies who've been around for many, many years who are being disrupted by adjacent companies who are in adjacent spaces or new startups coming in. So everybody now realizes they need to use technology to their advantage and they have to disrupt themselves before they're disrupted. So that's one of the big drivers. And so time to service, speed, efficiency are all sort of paramount when you're in any C-suite discussion. Those are things that come up all the time. From a technology perspective, we're seeing things changing significantly in how we use technology. And so everything is mobile. We have the advent of IoT coming in so lots of services are moving to the edge and so the data centers that were traditionally completely centralized are now sort of starting to distribute a little bit as well. So you have this idea of sort of edge data centers and edge compute. So there's a lot of things changing and happening and there's a lot of opportunity for us to deliver some strong value in there. So obviously the cloud native trend that you mentioned is big. That's driving the application market. DevOps you mentioned earlier, huge. We've seen years now and years of evidence of growth on DevOps. Okay, so now it's coming down into the network. How are companies solving challenges for application developers that are in a DevOps world? Because that seems to be the growth. That seems where the pressure is coming from is more requirements coming from the applications to the network. How are companies solving this problem? So I think from the compute and storage side things have moved along pretty swiftly. So as an application engineer, what you want is you want the infrastructure to service you. You just want it to do what the application needs. Unfortunately, traditionally infrastructure has been the other way around. You deploy the infrastructure and you say, okay, well this is what the application can do within the constraints of the infrastructure and networking has just continued that idea. And so what you want to do is you want to take this idea of we've talked before about infrastructure as code. How do you make it so is when an application engineer writes an application, he can actually regard the infrastructure as almost like a code library. And that's something that a lot of legacy vendors have talked about and marketed to for some time. But the reality is- It makes a lot of sense. It does, it makes a ton of sense. But the reality is that all they could do was offer up some proprietary APIs and programmatic interfaces. And the big challenge was the actual architecture of a network operating system was not designed in a way to actually enable that infrastructure to react in the proper way. By developing this containerized microservices architecture and by embedding Kubernetes and putting native DevOps tool chains inside the operating system, we actually can deliver on the promise of infrastructure as code. And this is what everyone wants. I've got to ask you, if everyone wants this and we're hearing it all around the queue and all the events we go to, clearly a requirement, it's becoming table stakes. But what's been preventing people from doing this? Well, it's the architecture.  Yeah, the network operating system itself, the actual, the operating system that exists on the physical switch, that is where the problem starts because that is designed as one big blob of code. So all of the features are in there. They're all in the same place. They all sort of interact with each other and it gives you reliability problems. It gives you innovation problems because every time you change something, it has a knock on effect. If there's a bug and you have to fix that bug, you have to replace the entire blob. If you replace the entire blob, you have to down the switch or do some kind of complex patching. If there's a security vulnerability, you have to either defer, like actually fixing that and become non-compliant or you have to down the switch. And we live in an age, as I said, where everything is on all the time. Everything is mobile. Everybody wants their services right here, right now. And the very existence of a business depends on being able to deliver those applications all the time. So you can't bring networks down. So when we've taken this microservices approach and we've containerized the actual infrastructure and the protocols and everything else, everything exists in its own container, now if there's a security vulnerability, we can replace just that container. If you're not using certain services on the operating system, you can kill those containers and in the process, you reduce the threat surface of the operating system and the switch. Whereas in a legacy world with this monolithic blob, you can just, you can turn off the features, but the code's still there.  So what's the solution to this and how to snap route, fix this? What's the operational benefits? How do you guys play into fixing the problems that have been holding everyone back? Well, I think collaboration, I think, is one of the big benefits. Quite frankly, I think there's been sort of tension in organizations. I think unfairly network operations teams have been treated as holding things back or non-responsive or whatever. I think that's completely unfair because actually the problem is with the vendor community. We haven't been delivering the tools that enable them to deliver the services they need. And so with our approach, with this cloud-native approach, we're actually able to sort of bring the net ops world closer to DevOps, allow this collaboration to happen and give you the benefit of a more sort of coordinated approach to delivering the application.  You know, we use our phones and our devices. You try using an application and it's not working. You're going to go and find a competitor.  And so availability is a huge thing for businesses today. And the network has been one of the most vulnerable pieces in terms of availability, not because, not necessarily because people are attacking it, but because it's so complex and brittle that anytime you change anything, things fall to pieces. And that's why people don't want to touch the network. And that is why we had the rise of the whole SDN movement. The SDN movement was an approach that said, we need to make the network more dynamic. And so rather than addressing the actual operating system, put overlays over the top, create overlays and allow DevOps teams to do what they need to do to deploy applications over the top of this fairly dumb plumbing. What we're saying is, look, we're going to simplify and collapse that. You don't need translation layers and APIs. You don't need overlays. You don't need all of that stuff. We're now re-architecting the operating system itself. So you can natively address that and directly control the policy that you need to deploy an application. John, this is about modern infrastructure. It's about the cloud is modernizing all parts of the value chain from how people buy, consume, deploy, provide value to application owners. You guys are part of that. How do people engage with SnapRoute? So I say, okay, this is some direction I'm going. I'm in cloud native. I'm doing Kubernetes. I got containers. I'm using microservices. I'm betting my company's future on this direction. And a lot of people are. How do I engage with you guys and how do you fit into the equation? Right, so first of all, initial engagement, website, LinkedIn, Facebook, we're on all of those things. We're in customer trials right now in betas right now. We're obviously launching the product. So we'll be shipping our first commercial deployments. But as far as how and where are the good opportunities to deploy us, obviously there are new high growth companies who we're talking to who want to build off us as a base to start with. But if you already have a large investment into deployed legacy equipment, we can fit in quite nicely and we can still add a ton of value because one of the big problem areas is actually the top of rack switch. The top of rack switch is actually where dev ops and net ops come together. It's the first place where compute and the application touch the network. And this is where usually a net ops engineer spends a lot of time doing fairly sort of trivial tasks to help applications get onto the network. And it's a big waste of time. Just a conversion point, you're playing at the top of rack switch with the software. That is a good place for somebody to start to get a tremendous amount of value out of our product. You don't need to replace the entire network. You don't have to have us end to end. You don't have to have us in the core. If you deploy us at the top of rack switch. So take a white box device, deploy our operating system on top. It's very, very simple to do. The network engineer can very simply get that device up and running it'll auto configure itself. And then the dev ops engineers can come in and say, I want to deploy an application and I need the network to do the following things. And the device will configure itself in that way. This is really two worlds coming together. Network operations and developer operations coming together. How do you see that coming together and meshing together? Obviously the top of rack switch you mentioned is a key area where your code will work. But as those cultural communities come together, network operations and dev, they're seeing benefits with each other. How are those worlds colliding? What's the benefit? What's it going to look like? And what's the opportunity? Yeah, well, I mean, first of all, I think that there's this misconception that these two, you know, these two types of organizations don't want to collaborate. And I think that's a complete misconception. I mean, everybody wants to do the right thing. They want to, you know, their business is to grow. And as I said earlier, I mean, I think the problem is that, you know, the vendor community is not delivered as you know, a set of tools and products and capabilities that enable this collaboration. And, you know, that's what we're bringing to the table. But I do think, you know, that there's this sort of, you know, this cross-pollination, this ability to, you don't have to learn each other's area of expertise. You don't suddenly have to become a networking expert. You know, a DevOps engineer doesn't have to become a networking expert and vice versa. But there is this, you know, there's this point of, you know, collaboration and harmony that we can create where there was a lot of tension and, you know, in fact, there was a, you know, a lot of problems there. We can sort of harmonize that and allow these organizations to just, you know, move forward with what really counts, which is growing the business. Tom, thanks for coming in. I appreciate your time. Congratulations on the launch. Final question for you. Take a minute to explain your background, your previous roles in networking. We first met when you were at HPE, HPE, and then HPE. And then, why are you attracted to SnapRot as an opportunity? And what's... Yeah, so, you know, I've been in networking for over 30 years, God help me. And, you know, networking security, various roles, mostly in sort of product roles, product management. You know, prior to SnapRot, I was the general manager of the data center networking group at HPE.  We have, you know, acquired a Rubber and other things there, which have been hugely successful. So it was a lot of fun. But I came to the point with my career there where I realized, you know, I'd done, you know, many of the things that I wanted to do and also, you know, most of the opportunities that were there in transforming and transitioning that company. And I wanted to get back to my startup roots.  You've got no data centers, these Apple guys. Oh yeah, yeah, absolutely. And, you know, and so I started talking to Snap Broughton and, you know, they were asking my advice and things. And one of the things that attracted me, as you say, was it's a company built by operators for operators. You know, it's, you know, I've never had the opportunity to be in a company founded by operators who just intrinsically know what the customer problem is. And because they've lived it. And I think you really do have to live it to truly understand.  I was really attracted to that. Adam and Glenn are founders, you know, really interesting, great guys. But also, there's this inflection point. There's this inflection point in the market. And everything to do with, you know, startups and successful startups is not just having the right innovative technology, which I truly believe we do, but having the right innovative technology at the right time. And the timing here is perfect. I mean, cloud native, you know, Kubernetes, the movement behind Kubernetes is just a force unto itself.  There's a huge sort of ground swell within the networking community to, you know, to modernize and to, you know, to contribute more to the success of business. So we have a massive opportunity. And the trend of programmable networks, infrastructure as code, is happening now. People want it, rubber is hitting the road now. Yeah, absolutely.   Well, congratulations on your launch. Snaprout will be watching you. Real innovative moment right to the core of the devices with an operating system. No abstraction layers with Kubernetes. Interesting architecture. Looking forward to following it. Dominic Wild, CEO of Snaprout here inside theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto. I'm John Furrier. Thanks for watching.


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Hi, good morning and welcome to today's products and focus and for an interesting start to the weakest beam with most global equity markets managing to rally really really hard yesterday and they're still continuing that upwards momentum today. All eyes will of course be on crude oil price which is a shot up like a rocket moving higher yesterday and further again today on news of a secret meeting, apparently a secret meeting in Doha between Saudi Arabia and Russia. It's very very likely that not a lot will come from this particular set of meetings but you never know.  It could be a little bit of a tough time today if you're currently short on crude and they come out with some sort of deal there to cut production. Highly unlikely but it's one of those things I'm not sure I would necessarily take that risk though most commentators and I said are expecting it not really to come to much because of all the competitive advantage aspects Saudi Arabia are still after more market share and it's all very very political at the end of the day. So there are also rumblings of the consequences of all this monetary policy decision-making by the ECB and what we're actually beginning to see now is that Bum Futures are beginning to accelerate higher. Now what's kind of really quite unusual about that is the actual acceleration higher in the Bum Futures in Europe is actually way higher than the moves we've seen recently in the DAX as well so for them to move to for them to kind of go in opposite directions like that is highly unusual and that could have further ramifications further on down the line unintended consequences and of course right across the world most kind of governments are involved in kind of talking a good game in regards to trying to weaken currencies and kind of play the market you know say we might do QE we might do interest rate cuts you're getting it just now in the UK as well with the last central banker or the last kind of member of the Bank of England's kind of moving away from his interest rate rise position and saying well actually I could even be looking at interest rate interest rate cuts and that's had a bit of an impact on the pound as well but again it's just all talk it's a bit of smoke and mirrors people aren't actually acting on this they're just hoping that their talk is enough to give the market that little bit of guidance because they really just don't want to act that's the problem and what we're kind of seeing right across the financial markets today is a little kind of breath of relief after last week's horrendous horrendous kind of sell-off and a lot of that's come down to the fact that China came back from their kind of Lunar New Year period there without an excessive sell-off you actually had the Nikkei jump about 7.2% that was yesterday so collective side of relief the thing is nothing has really changed not really there's not been some massive bit of macro data that's come out that's really just kind of transformed the whole financial markets so just be very very careful out there and don't get caught on the wrong side of any well-priced things but anyway that gives you an idea as to the common themes of the market I gotta say that a little bit of pessimism in regards to this current rally but you never know if things might keep on going but I'm a technical analyst from that perspective so we're actually going to go ahead and have a look at the core level so without further ado let's have a look at the US theory so this gives you an idea of where we are from a technical perspective we are trading above that 21 period SMA we're still miles away from any potential resistance on the US theory 76% of CMT market clients are short 16.4 60 is the potential resistance the other technicals are relatively neutral moving on to the UK 103 advancing soldiers right here with the three massive green candles there bullish crossover on the MACD we're trading above that 21 period SMA 78% of CMT market clients are currently short anticipating that this rally will will founder you might get short-term potential resistance at 59.47 and we're still in the sloping potential trend line down moving on to Japan 225 you can just see that huge move that we have yesterday albeit we are off the session highs obviously it's actually a holiday in America yesterday so that's why some of the some of the markets are kind of reacting slightly different this morning but nevertheless we do have we have been higher this morning on Japan 225 16384 again off the session highs this could look like there's a kind of a rejection if I move higher and we're getting closer and closer to that 21 period SMA 77% of CMT market clients are currently long so they're anticipating a further increase in Japan 225 we're also quite close to getting a bullish crossover on the MACD moving on to Japan to dollar yen very strong bounce almost a tweezer bottom there that we would have had on on dollar yen that was on on thursday and friday last week strong bounce again yesterday those information today were quite a good bit away from potential resistance at 16,067% of CMT market clients are currently short it's a tough one right now you're not really close to any potential resistance so dollar yen is not really that exciting at this stage it's all about west texas crude today of course because we do have this secret meeting in doha to look forward to we are trading above that 21 period SMA breaking above that looks to be we're taking our head just above this potential sloping negative trend line other technicals are relatively neutral but obviously if the fundamentals come out you would be looking at a 33 at the tip of that candle 33 34 you could be looking only at 35 and things were really crazy today but there would have to be some sort of major deal breakthrough between russia and sardine arabia for that to happen but obviously the markets are not taking any chances in case that does moving on to gold gold had a spectacular fall from grace after this massive move to the upside right there as kind of risk on kind of returns to the market so it sold off really aggressively three but three black crows may be coming here but a perfect bounce of 1191 which is the high there in october to where we are right now this could be a very strategically important level if we break if we close if we break and close below that you might be accelerating towards the 31 period SMA or failing that 1131 that's currently where we are on the yellow metal very very interesting one to trade 71% seems market clients are currently along moving on to euro dollar also having a strong reversal as Mario Draghi comes out again to say he'll do whatever it takes to support the euro's economy and that includes lots of QE blah blah blah blah euro of course reacts completely on his words because some traders just don't take just take what he says for granted without any action so he's happy with that 1000 sorry one spot 11 0 5 as an exponential support level 75% of seems markets clients currently short they obviously think that drag his voice is enough to drag this bag down we are seeing a little bit of an increase in the US dollar strength as well but since we broke out this triangle formation the euro had catapulted higher and now it's treating that down but one spot 11 0 5 is a strategic level to watch and then finishing up with GBP USD 80% of our clients are currently long kind of interesting areas here if you've got that it's consolidating quite close at 20 year old period SMA but also close to one spot 43 52 there has been a rejection of breaking above one spot 45 65 you can just see it right there multiple times just tried to break through and it's been unable to do so so let's finish up with having a quick look at the market calendar what is well you don't want to if you're trading euro dollar you don't want to forget about a ZDW business report okay you do have CPI from the euro from the UK tomorrow you've got employment data from the UK housing starts and posture production from the US and then on Thursday you've got Chinese CPI employment claims from the US and of course you won't forget about the the weekly petroleum sales which are actually coming on a Thursday rather than a Wednesday but that will that will change over the next couple of weeks and we might as well have a quick look at Friday as well UK retail sales US CPI and finishing up the week with consumer confidence flash CCI from the eurozone so certainly that hopefully gives you better than ideas to the common themes in the market very good luck with your trading guys and join me again tomorrow to find out what happened next thank you very much and goodbye


What's up guys and welcome to one take I'm gil and today we're talking about raised by wolves episode six and seven This video will of course be full of spoilers through episode seven So what you've been warned and we have some big questions to talk about this week Who was mother really talking to in the sim? Why does tolly seemingly want campion to take his own life and why does Marcus keep seeing that scalpel? We'll talk about all that and more in today's breakdown First some overall thoughts. I'm still thoroughly enjoying the show especially anything that directly involves mother father Marcus or sue Especially the mother father scenes any sequences where we see the two of them together Especially where there's some conflict between them. I love those scenes I'm also pretty invested in the growing mystery around who or what resides on Kepler 22B The one thing that's not quite working for me is the children themselves I'm not sure we spent enough time with them to fully understand their motivations Especially when we see their torn Loyalties between the humans and the androids, but we'll get into all that like I said overall Really liking the show Let's get into the details first just a quick reminder if you're enjoying these videos to hit that like button Hit the subscribe button and hit the bell icon so you get notified the next time we do a video Every time that subscriber count goes up even by a little bit It's that much more motivating to get the next video done So if you subscribe you're an amazing person with that let's get into the episode Mother is spending more and more time in the sim reliving her memories with campion Father notices she's gone but doesn't know where she's going and he accuses her of not spending enough time with the children or Himself this is a really interesting development that I wasn't expecting We sort of have a bizarre love triangle between mother father and this memory of campion I say bizarre because it's unclear how real or how human this love is But there are definitely conflicting desires between these characters This also mirrors what Marcus and Sue are going through Sue is losing Marcus to whatever mysterious force is whispering to Marcus and Seves to be planting some religious belief in his mind Similarly father is losing mother to her love for campion father pointed out in a previous episode that when mother talks about campion Her creator it sounds sort of religious. It is based on a real person But remember campion is somebody that mother likely will never be able to physically meet again He may no longer even be alive. So when she speaks of him, it sounds spiritual He has taken on the role of a quasi religious figure So sue is losing Marcus and father is losing mother in both cases to some sort of a spiritual quasi religious force inside the red igloo like structure mother is looking over all the drawings that the children have left Then she spots one which seems to depict her and campion right before mother left earth You can see the destroyed buildings You see the vessel and you see campion kissing mother who seems to have very spiky hair in this depiction I loved mother's reaction to seeing that drawing We see this sort of embarrassment in paranoia at somebody knowing what mother's been up to all this time But you see those emotions filtered through an android as always a mandicollins performance is top-notch and really sells those Emotions later will also learn that this was drawn in tallies style Which is of course one more example of tallie seemingly haunting our protagonists here I do think we get some clues as to who has actually done this drawing and who is mimicking tallie But we'll get into that a little bit later things are tense between mother and father But they are also tense between Paul and campion Paul is apparently getting sick of eating fungus So he decides to build a trap which they can use to kill the creatures and not have to get their hands dirty They don't have to kill the creatures the trap will do it all for them Campion is not happy about this and he lets Paul know by punching him in the face about four or five times Now I mentioned upfront that one of the aspects of the show that's not quite working for me is the children characters I don't think they've been developed enough that we can always understand their motivations So it's great when a character can surprise you as long as the surprise doesn't feel out of left field So here I was surprised by campion's violent outburst, but for me it felt jarring I don't think the seeds were planted for this violent side of campion now looking back I can sort of rationalize it. We know that campion is not going to be super well adjusted he was raised by a couple of androids and Conveniently earlier this episode it was established that campion's feeling jealous of Paul when Paul is able to solve that Straw puzzle in a matter of a minute or two. So I can look back and justify campion's violent outburst But in the moment it was more of a headscratcher though. I do like what the scene led into We basically get mother chiding campion for his violent outburst But then he calls her out for her hypocrisy He asks how many people did you kill on earth and mother basically responds do as I say Not as I do and this is an issue I hope they continue to press on because I'd love to better understand mother's thinking We've seen that she displays at something like emotion So does she feel any guilt or remorse over her actions?  She can kill people as long as it's in service of the mission. She won't feel any guilt over that I'd love to see that explored further Then we get another mother father Confrontation and as I've said before these are the moments where the show shines for me I love when mother and father go at each other because I always feel both sides of it Mother accuses father of having plugged into the sim Seeing what she's been up to essentially spying on her browser history Then a father drew the picture in Tali's style as a way of sort of teaching her a lesson in this moment I feel father's frustration. I feel mother's Embarrassment and paranoia and that's such a testament to the show It's incredible how much we're able to feel for these two characters Even though neither of them are human they're both androids and it definitely shows Then mother goes back to plug into the sim and we get a very interesting sequence But before we talk about that, let's check in on the Mithraic Lucius once again Thanks Marcus for forgiving his father and he basically says I read the report But Marcus I'd love to hear if you have anything to add to it And I'm such a fan of the sequences where Marcus gets close to being found out and has to basically worm his way out of it So he says to Lucius, why don't you tell me what was in the report? Then we finally learn the truth of what happened Basically, they captured an atheist girl and Lucius's father instead of executing her lets her live They take her as a prisoner, but she blows herself up killing other Mithraic soldiers in the process So Marcus executed Lucius's father Caleb I think is doing as good a job as possible at pretending to be Marcus But this scene clearly sets up Lucius beginning to be suspicious They find one of the capsules where mother's been plugging into the sim and checking the logs Marcus sees that she spends hours at a time in there So they figure the next time she's plugged in it shall be vulnerable and they can set a trap After her confrontation with father mother returns to the capsule plugs into the sim and that's their chance They set the trap they basically lay some bombs out They have the prisoner hold that big light absorption device. They figure while she's plugged in They can use that to drain some of her dark photon power and then set off the bombs By the way, notice in this sequence a lot of the Mithraic are holding little objects that look a lot like that Large object they found in the desert a couple of episodes ago So mother's in the sim they set the trap the prisoner goes to Marcus and says if I survive Will I be pardoned and Marcus flippantly says you betcha and I just love the Marcus character Travis Fimmel has definitely been one of the highlights of this show Then we get to mother in the sim and this is where things go a little bit nuts this episode She asks the computer if somebody else has been in the sim and she finds out that yes There has been another user She asks if that user was an android the computer says unknown Then she asks if the user is in the sim now and the computer doesn't respond now I've had the theory for a few episodes that there is some intelligence residing on Kepler 22b I think it is the one that's been whispering to Marcus I think it manifests as Tali and I think in this episode it chooses to speak to mother in the sim Appearing as campion. I have a lot to say about that too much to include in this review So I'll actually be releasing a video a little bit later today that deep dives into my theory and lays out all the evidence We have from the last seven episodes but in brief my thesis is basically that there exists on Kepler 22b an Extremely involved artificial intelligence one that's so advanced. It appears almost godlike. It's transcended It's computer form and by the way if you want to see that video when it's available Just make sure you're subscribed and I'll also add a card for it here So you can just click that and go right to it if you keep that in mind Then in the next scene where mother is speaking to campion a lot of his lines make a lot more sense We get some setup for it right at the beginning of this sequence When mother asks the computer if the other user is an android the computer says unknown Implying that whatever has entered the simulation is something that's not quite human but also not quite android Then mother speaks to the campion that appears in this simulation and figures out that he's the one who lured her into it She says you made the drawing when I saw tolly. That was you too You lured me here and she says I'm malfunctioning So mother essentially believes that she has a virus basically the android version of it's all in your head This virus caused her to see tolly and it caused her to make the drawing that she saw in the red igloo Campion confirms that he's the one who lured her there saying I've been alone for so long mother I had almost given up hope this line again fits the theory of an intelligence residing on Kepler 22b Because if that intelligence has been here for a long time Then it has been alone at least until mother and the others arrived then things get a little bit scary Because up until this point mother's mission has been to protect humanity There's certainly been a lot of collateral damage along the way But at the very least she does want to genuinely protect her children However here this other campion starts planting the seeds for a more cynical view Painting humanity as inferior beings Campion presses mother to say what she really wants, but she keeps saying that I'm an android I don't have desire all I want to do is complete the mission and keep my children safe Campion says no matter how many times you save them they will destroy themselves again and again He basically says humanity is hopeless. He says they are antiques chain to time their lives are only dying He adds you are eternal pure as the expanse of space Tell me what you want and finally mother says I want you then we get an amazing scene Where campion and mother have sex and sort of float inside the sim while this operatic music plays And it's just a crazy scene because you know that mother is going through something unnatural This android is having a very human experience and you get the feeling that this will somehow change her in some very Significant ways she's going to leave the sim with a very different view of humanity and a very different view of herself So it's unclear what exactly the intelligence wants But I think at least part of it is that it wants to show mother you don't need to concern yourself with humanity I transcend humanity. I am superior to them and you can be too So that's where it keeps telling her you have to form your own desires and forget about this mission to protect humanity The intelligence knows that if mother hears these words from campion, they will have a lot more credibility Outside the sim once mother is weakened They try to detonate the bombs, but it doesn't work Then we start to see some rocks rise from the ground the detonator itself explodes and one of the mythraic soldiers loses a hand Then the light absorber explodes and things basically go crazy Mother rises from the capsule some boulders rise and start to explode then mother is able to escape I think this is again the intelligence at work protecting mother and it looks like he can interact with the physical world And interfere with electronics it messes with the detonator and then from sue we see that it's taken down Communications so sue is with the other mythraic watching the children and they totally lose communication with Marcus Speaking of sue she's nervous because they haven't heard from Marcus and decides that it's time to make a move So she gets the other mythraic soldiers to come with her and rescue Paul when all this goes down Vita is busy playing hide-and-seek with tolly when she goes into the red igloo structure She sees the drawing which caused mother so much anxiety and it sort of incinerates itself I think that's the intelligence basically covering its tracks Then father sees that the mythraic have arrived so he sends the children to the lander But after they get there hunter announces father's position to the soldiers so they fire upon him mother returns and finds father Basically on death's door. She pops one of the soldiers Lucius gets away which felt a little plot armory to me But mother gets to father and he once again it dies in her arms I loved the moment between mother and father because again they're androids and I know that father can be brought back But they do such a good job that I do feel something in that scene when father says with this dying breath I was worried about you mother your well-being is a priority to me that really pulled on my heartstrings and again That's just so impressive considering what we know about these characters now one aspect of the show Which I mentioned wasn't quite working for me is the children characters and this sequence was an example of that I don't think we've spent enough time with them to understand their motivations specifically their Disposition and towards the androids and towards the mythraic because this whole sequence is a conflict The mythraic are coming to rescue the children, but they're not necessarily a hundred percent on board with being rescued That's interesting and I wish we understood it a little bit better when it comes to tempest I feel like I have a solid grasp she understandably hates the mythraic and views mother as having rescued her However, when it comes to the other children, it's a little bit less clear hunter and Holly Clearly are on the side of the mythraic But they do show some sympathy and some worry about mother and father's safety that didn't feel totally earned to me Mother killed the other children on the ark She potentially killed some of these children's parents and dealt a potentially lethal blow to humanity's survival chances So she should be a deeply unsympathetic character to these children So for these children to make any kind of a transition to the point where they have a sort of split allegiance between mother and father and the mythraic That's a transition which I really feel like I needed to see rather than just hear about it So I think the show could have benefited from an additional episode Where maybe the pace slows down a little bit and we just spent some time developing the children characters And seeing this transition where they start to look at mother and father as slightly more sympathetic characters Then we get to the reunion of marcus sue and paul finally back together again And I love the tension of this scene where marcus essentially tells sue You screwed up by moving in too early You forced us into a position where we now need to send paul Back to mother and take an offensive strike against her and I love the entire sequence that follows It was extremely tense when paul goes up behind mother steals her eyes Runs away and then marcus hits her with the axe and before he can deal a lethal blow He hears that whisper again telling him let her live and I think that's the intelligence speaking to him Once again protecting mother campion runs after her and draws a gun from one of the mythraic soldiers But mother talks him down basically saying violence isn't going to solve anything Marcus throws campion as a prisoner into one of the silos And inside the remnants from one of the creatures hangs above him And this is just another reminder of how great the creature design is Especially in these moments where you can tell it's a totally practical effect later tempest pays him a visit and warns him That he's going to have to pretend to be a believer and accept the mythraic religion Because that's the only way to let him go afterwards campion is seemingly haunted by talli again And in this episode the talli sequences get a lot creepier They're borderline something you would see out of a horror movie.  We're waiting for you She leaves him with a stick doll and wrapped in it is a sharp object I think a claw from one of the creatures and don't worry We will definitely come back to this and talk about why talli might want campion to take his own life Later the mythraic bring campion to their makeshift church where he'll go through his baptism procedure But as they're having him repeat various verses He notices that their shrine has been built from the headstones of his friends Then they try to calm him down by saying don't worry about it. Atheists don't even have souls So these are just rocks So campion runs that takes his sharp object and stabs father in the arm But father grabs him and throws him back in the silo I love this whole sequence because the whole time I was watching it I was worried that campion would decide to stand by his integrity And basically say I will not accept soul into my heart And I was thinking that's dumb Just go along with what they're saying pretend to be a believer And in your heart of hearts continue to think whatever you want So if campion was going to break away from that there had to be a good reason for it And I think they found it campion sees the headstones And then when they put the cherry on top of that by saying atheists i.e your friends Don't even have souls you completely understand the rage That campion feels and understand why he would make an emotional decision like this that could cost him his freedom Back in the silo campion is once again haunted by tolly This time she very creepily crawls down the rope that's holding the creature She knocks it from the rope and you see a noose in its place Basically once again trying to convince campion to take his life So I do think that this is the intelligence communicating with campion The same one who was talking to mother in the sim However here it's using tolly as a vessel and why is it using tolly? I could think of a couple of options One maybe it can't use any of the other children because of the way they died The fact that they died of radiation poisoning or perhaps falling down the pit Somehow gives the intelligence access to tolly's body And is able to use her as a vessel in a way that it couldn't if she died above ground like the other children So why does the intelligence want campion to die? Well from its conversation with mother in the sim We know that it doesn't hold humanity in very high esteem But it recognizes that mother is tethered to humanity by her mission She wants to protect her children Specifically she wants to protect campion So perhaps the intelligence thinks that if it takes campion out of the picture That would essentially untether mother from humanity By freeing her from her mission of protecting her children So I think that's what it's trying to accomplish here back with the mothraic Marcus and sue argue over what to do with mother this necromancer. They just captured sue wants her destroyed But marcus convinces her that they'd be better off trying to reprogram her Because he points out she is the most powerful weapon on that planet Once they settle down in the tropical zone They'll need to be able to protect themselves because there could be other ships besides the ark that are out there That was an incredibly intriguing line to me because I would love to better understand humanity's current state in the series My assumption up until now is that humanity is on the verge of extinction And the people on that ark were basically humanity's last hope But looking at the behavior of these characters, that's not the vibe i've been getting I would expect to see them basically in mourning And in grief over the fact that humanity is on the verge of extinction But we definitely haven't seen that so perhaps marcus is right that there could be other humans out there And that's a pretty intriguing prospect also in this scene Marcus notices the scalpel that mother created the same one that he was holding in his hallucination When sue dies on top of him. So what does this scalpel represent? Well, I believe that hallucination was the intelligence communicating with marcus and what does it want from him? Well, it whispers to him as though he's a prophet So it seems to think that marcus can play a role in whatever its plans are similar to mother However in mother's case the intelligence sees that she's held back by her love for humanity So it tries to untether her from that by killing campion in marcus's case What holds him back? Well, he's just starting to embrace his belief.  Anyway, I love this whole sequence just seeing them question each other's motives And get this confrontation that we've been building up to for episodes Also marcus seems to know what mother's been up to in the sim Because as a sort of taunt he gets very close to her just short of kissing her and then she kind of gives him the side eye So how could he know what she was up to? Well earlier mother accused father of plugging into the sim And seeing what she's been doing in there Perhaps between scenes marcus did exactly that in a later sequence mother is able to get under his skin By essentially telling him he's totally Incapable of raising a child and everything he's done has been in his self interest Then he leaves the silo and again hears those whispers This time it says let her live then you will become king of this world I do think that's the intelligence communicating with him and I assume it's manipulating him here Just trying to protect mother and ultimately I doubt it's going to deliver on its promise That marcus is going to be king of anything Paul approaches marcus and true to mother's word He does a very poor job of raising this child because when paul approaches marcus shoves him to the ground Then he goes back to the red igloo where he inspects that scalpel Then he looks at his reflection Where he sees his old face when he was still calib Then sees all the bandages he had after his plastic surgery I think that quick hallucination basically served two purposes One from a character standpoint. It just shows us what's on marcus's mind He's thinking about who he really is under the surface And two more logistically it reminds us what calib's face looks like So he recognized him when he shows up for that knife fight later Then sue shows up to confront marcus for what he did to paul And she accuses him of not getting anything done. He hasn't reprogrammed mother. He hasn't destroyed her yet So the intelligence wants marcus to turn against sue and I think we're seeing it's starting to work He tells her how she's only here because of him. She was ready to blow herself up But he saved her gave her a child and got her to this point And by the way that gives us a little window into sue's past If she was willing to sacrifice herself for the atheist cause that tells us how strong her convictions were Marcus gets father to grab mother and drag her along so they can bring her to one of those pits and drop her in it Tempest follows but gets stopped by some creatures So it's unclear how much of this she actually witnesses So I've said it a million times, but I love all the interactions between mother and father They're probably the characters that hold the most emotional weight for me And this sequence in particular as mother's being brought to what she thinks is her death She keeps speaking up to father saying father in case you can hear me Thank you for all that you've done for the children and me Serving alongside you has enriched the mission. So I loved all that.  This whole thing was awesome I thought they did a really good job of having the two characters mimic each other's movements exactly Right up until the point where Caleb is able to slice marcus in the side I assumed this was all a divergence tactic to keep marcus distracted While mother can escape from the pit then before the episode ends Paul sees that his mouse has returned to him alive. It's a miracle He goes to tell sue about it and she says are you sure it wasn't just hiding in the walls? And paul says I don't know and I love the fact that he goes from it's a miracle to I don't know Anyway, they find marcus bleeding and his wound looks really bad You can see his internal organs through it as sue sits above him marcus mutters We're not going anywhere the prophecy about the orphan kid in the empty land. It's not paul It's not the atheist kid. It's me.  It means that marcus is a true believer now I think he's done fighting the voices and i'm really curious to see Where he goes from here. Also, what is with the mouse coming back? My guess is that it's a small miracle which reinforces paul's belief. Why does that need to happen? I'm thinking maybe the intelligence sees that marcus can play a role But it also sees that paul can play a role and similar to marcus Sue is somebody that could hold paul back Even in this small example paul sees a miracle and sue tries to downplay it So the intelligence sees sue could get in the way So it decides to give paul this minor miracle to reinforce his belief Anyway, a lot of strange things happen in these episodes lots to speculate on So definitely let me know in the comments where you thought do you agree with my theories? Do you have alternate theories or do you just have no idea what's going on? Either way, let me know and we'll keep the conversation going and to wrap it up I'll say I really enjoyed these episodes despite the handful of things I pointed out And with only three episodes to go I'm really excited to see where we go from here and how things wrap up with that If you enjoyed this video, please go ahead and hit the like button Hit the subscribe button and hit the bell icon so you get notified the next time we do a video And this is a good opportunity to remind you once again that I do have another video coming out a little later today Which will do a deep dive on my theory about the intelligence and what it's doing here on kepler 22b So definitely want to make sure you're subscribed and can check that out later with that Thanks for watching and see you on the next one take


In 1999, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control commemorated the end of the 20th century by publishing a list of the top 10 great public health achievements. They noted that the 20th century saw an increase in life expectancy, 25 years of which can be attributed to advances in public health. Here's their list. 1. Vaccination. 2. Motor Vehicle Safety. 3. Safer Workplaces. 4. Full of Infectious Diseases. 5. Decline in Deaths from Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke. 6. Safer and Healthier Foods. 7. Healthier Mothers and Babies. 8. Family Planning. 9. Fluoridation of Drinking Water. 10. Recognition of Tobacco Use as a Health Hazard. I think we can all see that changes in our attitudes about smoking, childbirth, and family planning, safe workplaces, seatbelts, and control of infectious disease by vaccination are adding years to our lives and life to our years. Many of these achievements are under attack by ALTMAD and other groups. Consider the anti-vaccine groups, the groups opposed to helmet laws, groups opposed to mosquito spraying, religious groups opposed to certain types of family planning and sexually transmitted disease prevention, people who deny the health risks of smoking and, of course, people who oppose water fluoridation. Why is water fluoridation even on a list of the greatest public health achievements? Because in the last 65 years it has dramatically reduced tooth decay across all income levels, improving dental health for everyone in the community. As of 2008, roughly 70% of the tap water in the U.S. is fluoridated to a level of about 1 part fluoride for every 1 million parts water, compared to calcium, which is present at between 40 and 80 parts per million, and magnesium present at between 20 and 30 parts per million. While fluoride is not an essential nutrient, the right amount can greatly reduce risk of dental caries, a.k.a. cavities. It works by three mechanisms, one, promoting remineralization of eroded enamel, joining with calcium in bones and teeth or attracting it to the tooth's surface, two, replacing the hydroxyapatite in enamel with fluoroapatite, which is more resistant to acids, three, inhibiting bacterial sugar metabolism. It works most effectively when the fluoride is found at a specific level in the saliva. This means that fluoridated toothpaste does not work in the same manner as fluoridated drinking water. Fluoride treatments can promote enamel strengthening, but they are ineffective at inhibiting bacterial acids and aren't as effective as fluoride in the saliva at remineralization. Did everyone catch that because it's something that I frequently see ignored? Fluoridated toothpaste and fluoridated drinking water are not substitutes for each other. Fluoridated in your saliva has multiple actions, whereas a brief fluoride exposure from tooth brushing only has one. The best analogy I could think of is the difference between brushing and washing your hair and having it cut or styled. Both are important for keeping your hair looking good, but they aren't substitutes for each other. Also crazy hippies sometimes skip both. Heck, I'm going to say this a third time. Fluoride in water and fluoride in toothpaste do not serve the exact same purpose, although they do have some functional overlap in that they both promote dental health. Why would anyone possibly oppose such a benevolent effort?  There's a reasonable case to be made against water fluoridation. I think the arguments about mass medication and possible health risks are worth considering. However, I want to establish what the research supports. Is fluoridation effective? The overwhelming evidence from the research literature supports a very strong yes. In studies from around the world, the introduction of 0.5 to 1 part per million of fluoride reduces the rate of dental caries by 40 to 60 percent. This is not a small effect and passes the level of correlation to the well-supported causation. In certain areas of Europe where the water is naturally fluoridated, the dental disease rates are similar to community fluoridated areas. Here's an example paper from Australia. The dental health of over 100,000 Australian children from fluoridated and unfluoridated areas was compared and normalized for age, income and housing status. The low fluoride area children had about 30 percent more cavities than the matched children in optimally fluoridated areas. This matches results from around the world where the effect is usually between 30 and 60 percent. This translates to 1.5 to 4.4 decade missing or filled teeth per child. In these studies, notice that both populations of children have equal access to fluoridated toothpaste and dental care. The argument that modern toothpaste has eliminated the need for drinking water fluoridation is not well supported by these studies. Is fluoridation cost effective? Unquestionably, it costs less than a dollar per person per year. There are two primary forms of fluoride that can be used. Some fluoride is a natural mineral that can be mined or refined from underground water reservoirs. Fluorosilic acid is a byproduct of fertilizer manufacturing. However, once they're in solution, a fluoride ion is a fluoride ion. There's no chemical way to distinguish fluoride from the two forms. The other chemicals present in the solution may be different, but I'm not convinced that just because something is a byproduct of chemical manufacture, that necessarily makes it toxic. A common tactic of opponents of fluoridation is the fear and paranoia over chemical processing, but scientists respond to specific threats, not vague and yuendo. Is fluoridation safe? At the right level, it's about as safe as we can measure. One of the challenges of treating people through drinking water is that we can't control how much they drink. We also can't pick and choose which people to exclude from treatment. Is the fertilizer byproduct more or less toxic? The 50% lethal dose, or LD50, the usual marker for relative toxicity for the two chemicals, shows that it actually takes more of the sodium hexafluorosilicate to kill 50% of a population of rats, making it slightly less toxic. The form of use is an ACS certified pure chemical, so there is no carryover of other chemicals associated with fertilizer synthesis. These LD50s put both forms of fluoride, somewhere between nicotine and caffeine, or aspirin, in toxicity. For a typical 150 pound or 70 kilogram person, the lethal dose would be around 3 to 10 grams. How much does a person get with 8 glasses of water? About 2 milligrams. There are other sources of fluoride, but the typical person probably never gets above 1,000th of a lethal dose. Compare that to the relative dose of caffeine, where every cup of coffee contains about 1% of a lethal dose. Toxicity is never an easy thing to measure, especially with repeated exposure. I share some concern about the possible effects of fluoride on bone density over a lifetime. I'd also like to see more studies on the impact of fluoride on heavy metal absorption, if only to quiet the public's concern. However, those studies that have been done don't seem to support any cause for alarm. Is fluoridation good public health policy? Science can certainly inform our policy choices, but it can't dictate the best choice for the public. There are some alternatives. In some places, milk or salt are fluoridated. In the past, some communities used fluoride pills that are taken daily. Compliance tends to be low, people forget the pills, and there's more of a risk of accidental overdose. On the whole, I think drinking water is probably the safest, easiest, and most egalitarian solution. I think it's worth having some public discussion about the issue of mass medication. It's a reasonable argument that a treatment administered through drinking water puts limits on personal choice. If we as a society deem those limitations too restrictive for the demonstrated benefits, I think a good case can be made. There is a counter argument to this, and it's that naturally optimally fluoridated water already exists and provides health benefits, and we're simply compensating in low fluoride water areas, correcting a deficiency found in nature. Most of the opponents of fluoridation I've run into on the internet are reacting out of paranoia or fear, but not all of them. Some reasonable people have valid concerns, and I can't dismiss their perspectives out of hand. The best I can do is to correct the misinformation where it appears, and hope people are smart enough to apply critical thinking to what they read. Let me briefly address some of the most flagrant myths about fluoridation. Fluoridation was used by the Nazis or Soviets in camps. This is a simple fabrication. A 1996 sociological study attempted to trace the source of this rumor, and found it in a self-printed newsletter at a small conspiracy theory press. So far as I can tell, there are no scholarly accounts of fluoride being used on prisoners.  Actually, as a highly reactive halogen, fluorine is found in lots of poisons, acids, and useful chemicals. However, fluoride is not by itself a very effective poison. As previously stated, nicotine is more toxic. I could just as easily say the primary ingredient in most poisons is carbon or oxygen or hydrogen. So why should you contact poison control if a child swallows a dull toothpaste? Well, fluoride can be toxic, but toothpaste also contains scouring agents, bleaches, and detergents. Not good for a child's delicate tummy. And a good guide to calling poison control, overcaution is always better than regret. Myth three, fluoride causes arthritis, cancer, allergies, autism, lupus, blindness, madness, or whatever. There are so many myths about fluoride's health effects, often confusing a vague correlation in time with causation. Since water fluoridation was introduced in the 50s and 60s in most areas, any positive trend since then is linked to fluoridation in the minds of some opponents. This is the post-hoc ergo-propter-hoc fallacy. After this, therefore, because of this. In fact, the life expectancy has been increasing steadily since the 50s. And people are much more likely to die of cancer or have diseases of old age than they were in the 30s or 40s. Likewise, certain diseases of childhood have become much more survivable or easy to diagnose. So their recorded rates are much higher. To date, so far as I know, the only conditions associated with optimal fluoridation are the potential for increased bone density problems and increased susceptibility to heavy metal absorption, both of which are somewhat tenuous links, but worth noting. In summary, I support water fluoridation because I think it's positively affected the quality of life for millions of people. You're welcome to disagree, but be prepared to bring cold, hard facts, or well-published papers in support of your view. It'll take a very strong case to overturn what many public health professionals call one of the top 10 public health achievements of modern times. Thanks for watching. Every cell of each plant and animal contains genetic information coded onto the DNA monocular cells.


From around the globe, it's theCUBE presenting Adaptive Data Governance. Brought to you by Io-Tahoe. And we're back with the data automation series. In this episode, we're going to learn more about what Io-Tahoe is doing in the field of adaptive data governance, how it can help achieve business outcomes and mitigate data security risks. I'm Lisa Martin and I'm joined by A.J. Vihora, the CEO of Io-Tahoe and Lester Waters, the CTO of Io-Tahoe. Gentlemen, it's great to have you on the program. Thank you, Lisa. It's good to be back. Great to see you, Lisa. Likewise, very socially distant, of course, as we are. Lisa, we're going to start with you. What's going on at Io-Tahoe? What's new? Well, I've been with Io-Tahoe for a little over the year and one thing I've learned is every customer needs are just a bit different. So we've been working on our next major release of the Io-Tahoe product. To really try to address these customer concerns because we want to be flexible enough in order to come in and not just profile the data and not just understand data quality and lineage, but also to address the unique needs of each and every customer that we have. And so that required a platform rewrite of our product so that we could extend the product without building a new version of the product. We wanted to be able to have pluggable modules. We also focused a lot on performance. It's very important with the bulk of data that we deal with that we're able to pass through that data in a single pass and do the analytics that are needed, whether it's lineage data quality or just identifying the underlying data. And we're incorporating all that we've learned. We're tuning up our machine learning. We're analyzing on more dimensions than we've ever done before. We're able to do data quality without doing an initial regex for example, just out of the box. So I think it's all of these things are coming together to form our next version of our product and we're really excited by it. Sounds exciting. AJ from the CEO's level, what's going on? Well, I think just building on that, what Lester was just mentioning there, it's we're growing pretty quickly with our partners and today here with Oracle, we're excited to explain how that's shaping up. Lester collaboration already with Oracle in government, in insurance and in banking. And we're excited because we get to have an impact. It's real satisfying to see how we're able to help businesses transform and redefine what's possible with their data and having Oracle there as a partner to lean in with is definitely helping. Excellent, we're going to dig into that a little bit later. Lester, let's go back over to you, explain adaptive data governance, help us understand that. Really adaptive data governance is about achieving business outcomes through automation. It's really also about establishing a data driven culture and pushing what's traditionally managed in IT out to the business. And to do that, you've got to enable an environment where people can actually access and look at the information about the data, not necessarily access the underlying data because we've got privacy concerns as well. But they need to understand what kind of data they have, what shape it's in, what's dependent on it, upstream and downstream, and so that they can make their educated decisions on what they need to do to achieve those business outcomes. A lot of frameworks these days are hardwired. So you can set up a set of business rules and that set of business rules works for a very specific database and a specific schema. But imagine a world where you could just say, the start date of a loan must always be before the end date of a loan. And having that generic rule, regardless of the underlying database and applying it, even when a new database comes online and having those rules applied, that's what adaptive data governance is about. I like to think of it as the intersection of three circles, really it's the technical metadata coming together with policies and rules and coming together with the business ontologies that are unique to that particular business. And this, all of this, bringing this all together allows you to enable rapid change in your environment. So it's a mouthful adaptive data governance, but that's what it kind of comes down to. So Angie, help me understand this. Is this what enterprise companies are doing now or are they not quite there yet? Well, at least I think every organization is going at its pace, but markets are changing, the economy and the speed at which some of the changes in the economy are happening is compelling more businesses to look at being more digital in how they serve their own customers. So what we're seeing is a number of trends here from heads of data, chief data officers, CIO stepping back from a one size fits all approach because they've tried that before and it just hasn't worked. They've spent millions of dollars on IT programs trying to drive value from that data. And they've ended up with large teams of manual processing around data to try and hardwire these policies to fit with the context and each line of business. And that hasn't worked. So the trends that we're seeing emerge really relate to how do I, as a chief data officer, as a CIO, inject more automation into a lot of these common tasks? And we've been able to see that impact. I think the news here is, if you're trying to create a knowledge graph, a data catalog or a business glossary and you're trying to do that manually, well, stop. You don't have to do that manually anymore. I think best example I can give is Lester and I, we like Chinese food and Japanese food. And if you were sitting there with your chopsticks, you wouldn't eat the bowl of rice with the chopsticks one grain at a time. What you'd wanna do is to find a more productive way to enjoy that meal before it gets cold. And that's similar to how we're able to help organizations to digest their data is to get through it faster, enjoy the benefits of putting that data to work. And if it was me eating that food with you guys, I would be not using chopsticks, I would be using a fork and probably a spoon. So Lester, how then does IOTAHO go about doing this and enabling customers to achieve this? Let me show you a little story here. So if you take a look at the challenges that most customers have, they're very similar, but every customer is on a different data journey. So, but it all starts with what data do I have? What questions or what shape is that data in? How is it structured? What's dependent on an upstream and downstream? What insights can I derive from that data? And how can I answer all of those questions automatically? So if you look at the challenges for these data professionals, they're either on a journey to the cloud, maybe they're doing a migration to Oracle, maybe they're doing some data governance changes, and it's about enabling this. So if you look at these challenges, and I'm going to take you through a story here, and I want to introduce Amanda. Amanda's not like anyone in any large organization. She's looking around and she just sees stacks of data. I mean, different databases, the one she knows about, the one she doesn't know about but should know about various different kinds of databases. And Amanda's just tasking with understanding all of this so that they can embark on her data journey program. So Amanda goes through and she's great. I've got some handy tools. I can start looking at these databases and getting an idea of what we've got. Well, as she digs into the databases, she starts to see that not everything is as clear as she might have hoped it would be. Property names or column names or have ambiguous names like attribute one and attribute two or maybe date one and date two. So Amanda's starting to struggle, even though she's got tools to visualize and look at these databases, she still knows she's got a long road ahead. And with 2,000 databases in her large enterprise, yes, it's going to be a long journey. But Amanda's smart. So she pulls out her trusty spreadsheet to track all of her findings. And what she doesn't know about, she raises a ticket or maybe tries to track down the owner to find what the data means. And she's tracking all this information. Well, clearly this doesn't scale that well for Amanda. So maybe the organization will get 10 Amanda's to sort of divide and conquer that work. But even that doesn't work that well because there's still ambiguities in the data. With IOTAHO, what we do is we actually profile the underlying data. By looking at the underlying data, we can quickly see that attribute one looks very much like a US social security number. And attribute two looks like a ICD-10 medical code. And we do this by using ontologies and dictionaries and algorithms to help identify the underlying data and then tag it. Key to doing this automation is really being able to normalize things across different databases. So that where there's differences in column names, I know that in fact, they contain the same data. And by going through this exercise with IOTAHO, not only can we identify the data, but we also can gain insights about the data. So for example, we can see that 97% of that time, that column named attribute one that's got US social security numbers has something that looks like a social security number. But 3% of the time, it doesn't quite look right. Maybe there's a dash missing. Maybe there's a digit dropped or maybe there's even characters embedded in it. So that may be indicative of the data quality issues. So we try to find those kind of things. Going a step further, we also try to identify data quality relationships. So for example, we have two columns, one date one, date two. Through observation, we can see that date one, 99% of the time is less than date two. 1% of the time, it's not probably indicative of a data quality issue. But going a step further, we can also build a business rule that says date one is less than date two. And so then when it pops up again, we can quickly identify and remediate that problem. So these are the kinds of things that we can do with IOTAHO. Going even a step further, you can take your favorite data science solution productionize it and incorporate it into our next version as a, what we call a worker process to do your own bespoke analytics. Bespoke analytics. Iceland, Lester, thank you. So AJ, talk us through some examples of where you're putting this to use. And also, what is some of the feedback from some customers? Yeah, what I think and how do this bring into life a little bit Lisa is just to talk through a case today. We pulled something together. I know it's available for download, but in a well-known telecommunications media company, they had a lot of the issues that Lester just spoke about, lots of teams of Amanda's super bright data practitioners and maybe looking to get more productivity out of their day and deliver a good result for their own customers or cell phone subscribers and broadband users. So some of the examples that we can see here is how we went about auto generating a lot of that understanding of that data within hours. So Amanda had a data catalog populated automatically, a business glossary built up and could really then start to see, okay, where do I want to apply some policies to the data to set in place some controls, whether I want to adapt how different lines of business, maybe tax versus customer operations, have different access or permissions to that data. And what we've been able to do there is to build up that picture to see, how does data move across the internal organization across the state and monitor that over time for improvement. So we've taken it from being a reactive, let's do something to fix something to now more proactive. We can see what's happening with our data, who's using it, who's accessing it, how it's being used, how it's being combined. And from there, taking a proactive approach is a real smart use of the talents in that telco organization and the folks that work there with data. Okay, Ajay, so dig into that a little bit deeper. And one of the things I was thinking when you were talking through some of those outcomes that you're helping customers achieve is ROI. How do customers measure ROI? What are they seeing with IOTA host solution? Yeah, right now, the big ticket item is time to value. And I think in data, a lot of the upfront investment costs are quite expensive. They have been today with a lot of the larger vendors and technologies. So what a CIO, an economic buyer, really needs to be certain of is, how quickly can I get that ROI? And I think we've got something we can show, just pull up a before and after. And it really comes down to hours, days and weeks where we've been able to have that impact. And in this playbook that we've pulled together the before and after picture, really shows those savings that can be delivered through providing data into some actionable form within hours and days to drive agility. But at the same time, being able to enforce the controls to protect the use of that data who has access to it. So Lisa, the number one thing I'd have to say is time. And we can see that on the graphic that we've just pulled up here. Excellent, so ostensible, measurable outcomes that time to value. We talk about achieving adaptive data governance. Lester, you guys talk about automation, you talk about machine learning. How are you seeing those technologies being a facilitator of organizations adopting adaptive data governance? Well, as we see, the days of manual effort are out. So I think, this is a multi-step process, but the very first step is understanding what you have and normalizing that across your data estate. So you couple this with the ontologies that are unique to your business scenarios and algorithms and you basically go across them and you identify and tag that data. That allows for the next steps to happen. So now I can write business rules, not in terms of columns, named columns, but I can write them in terms of the tags. Using that automated pattern recognition where we observed that the loan start should be before the loan, being able to automate that as a huge time saver. And the fact that we can suggest that as a rule rather than waiting for a person to come along and say, oh, wow, okay, I need this rule. I need this rule. These are steps that are increased that are, I should say decreased that time to value that AJ talked about. And then lastly, a couple of machine learning because even with great automation and being able to profile all your data and getting a good understanding, that brings you to a certain point, but there's still ambiguities in the data. So for example, I might have two columns, date one and date two. I may have even observed that date one should be less than date two, but I don't really know what date one and date two are other than a date. So this is where it comes in and I might ask the user said, can you help me identify what date one and date two are in this table? Turns out there are a start date and an end date for a loan. That gets remembered, cycled into the machine learning. So if I start to see this pattern of date one, date two elsewhere, I'm gonna say, is it start date and end date? And bringing all these things together with all this automation is really what's key to enabling this data governance. Your data governance program. Great, thanks, Lester. And AJ, I wanna wrap things up with something that you mentioned in the beginning about what you guys are doing with Oracle. Take us up by telling us what you're doing there, how are you guys working together? Yeah, I think those of us who've worked in IT for many years, we've learned to trust Oracle's technology, they're shifting now to a hybrid on-prem cloud generation two platform, which is exciting and their existing customers and new customers moving to Oracle on a journey. So Oracle came to us and said, we can see how quickly you're able to help us change mindsets. And as mindsets are locked in a way of thinking around operating models of IT that are maybe not agile and more siloed and they're wanting to break free of that and adopt a more agile API driven approach with their data. So a lot of the work that we're doing with Oracle is around accelerating what customers can do with understanding their data and to build digital apps by identifying the underlying data that has value. And the time we're able to do that in, in hours, days and weeks rather than many months is opening up the eyes to chief data officers, CIOs to say, well, maybe we can do this whole digital transformation this year. Maybe we can bring that forward and transform who we are as a company. And that's driving innovation, which we're excited about and I know Oracle are keen to drive through. And helping businesses transform digitally is so incredibly important in this time as we look to things changing in 2021. AJ Lester, thank you so much for joining me on this segment, explaining adaptive data governance, how organizations can use it, benefit from it and achieve ROI. Thanks so much, guys. Thank you. Thanks again, Lisa.


What's up everybody, Jayce here for jayspeakscasebrakes.com. 2021, upper deck, the Cup Hockey, just sold out. This is a one box break, ran on teams number five. Again, 31 total spots. Everybody gets a run on team in the NHL. Two boxes left here in the case. So here's a dice roll, here's a customer names number no. Seattle Kraken, so we just took them out there. Here's a dice roll, let's roll. Three and a four, seven times. Good luck, seven times. One, two, three, four, five. Six, seven. Seven times, seven. Kevin Kelly at the top, down to Jeremy T. At the bottom. Seven times here, three and a four. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. Sound was a shark's down to the top of a lightning. All right, so Kevin, do you have these sharks? Sean Matty with the blues. Kevin Kelly with the kings, Joey with the knights. David with the leaves, Douglas with the rangers. Kevin Kelly with the broons. Anthony with the capitals. Sean Matty with the wild. And Panthers, Kevin with the Canadians. Dilo with the devils. Oilers, sabers, jackets. David with the Arizona coyotes. Deacons, you have the Redwings. Lewis with the penguins. Dilo with the islanders. Paul with the block hogs. Dilo with the jets. Raymond with the hurricanes. Craig, Glass, Balmogia, Avalanche. Kevin Kelly with the Vancouver Canucks. David with the ducks. Dilo with the senators, flames and predators. Eric with the flyers. Dilo with the stars. And then Jeremy with the lightning. So of course, if anybody wants to trade, let me know. I'm gonna quickly go through some orders here on my background. Yeah, these are pretty good. They're one of the original six. They got a lot of Matthews, I'd assume. I'd assume Matthews is in here. John Tavares. And they have a couple of rookies in here too. All right then, let's just close the trade window. Yeah, the Leafs though are always gonna be good decons just cause they probably have a lot of rich history. Just like, you know, think of them like the Yankees and stuff like that. Although they haven't won much in the very, very long time. They've had a lot of great players in their history. But obviously, I think Matthews would be the biggest one for them with like JT and stuff. I'd assume Matthews is in this, but let me see. Matthews does have a base. Matthews has a limited logos patch auto to 10. And then there's a triple jerseys, quad jerseys. And six way jerseys. Stick and move set, Matthews to 15. And it looks like he might be an update as well. So he's an update in Splendor. Bordered base to 36, bordered silver to 22 out of 11, out of five, one of ones. Including some black and white to 27, one of ones. Auto pucks to 15, out of 15, one of one pucks. Yeah, he has a lot of stuff in here. All right, two boxes left, guys. Two boxes left. Box one and box three. Let's see if we can generate one of those numbers. A little dice for the way we've been doing it. That's meant to be, it's meant to be. Six, no. Two, no. Five, no. Four, no. Jesus Christ, every other number, buddy. Jesus. Nothing. Wow, it rolled five three times in a row. Nothing? All right, let's just do a different randomizer than this time. Jesus Christ. I was hoping I'd have to like the first three. Let's see how many times a randomized one and two. Three times. Either box one or box three. One, two, three. Staying with box one. Sorry, I guess it's a little trickier when there's a light two left. All right, so we're gonna go box one then. Three would be for the last one, number six. Oh, it did, nice. Yeah, so we'll run back six then, too. I still have to go through like 20 orders, but. Yeah, we'll run six right after this, too. All right, so we got Philip Broberg to 249. That's D-Lo with the Oilers. Patrick King to 249. Is he gonna get traded, is the question. Blackhawks going to Paul. Steven Lorenz is the RPA in here. 166 out of 249. Carolina Hurricanes going to Raymond. We have to 25, Ryan O'Reilly. 24 to 25. Nice four-color patch and autograph for the St. Louis Blues. Shawn Matic. And look at this, wow, this is nice. How about a dual autograph? Alexis LaFernier and Keondre Miller. Seven out of 25. No randomizer needed there. That's going to the Rangers and Douglas. That's pretty awesome. This has been a pretty solid case. And last hit here is gonna go Trio's there for the Devils, Pavelsaka, Miles Wood and Mackenzie Blackwood. Number to 35. That's Devils, D-Lo. There you go, guys, very nice box here. Very, very nice. So, appreciate it, guys. Number six is also sold out. I gotta go through orders first, but once I get to the orders, we'll see if it's coming up next. Most likely it will be. And then we'll break that next, guys. Appreciate it, guys.


Ninety-nine years ago, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels sent a letter to Thomas Edison, asking him to chair a consulting board for Navy inventions. Secnav Daniels saw that new technologies were playing a large part in the First World War, and wanted Edison to help the U.S. move forward. On July 13, Edison accepted, and along with other researchers, established the Naval Consulting Board of the United States. In 1923, the Naval Research Laboratory began operating, building partnerships with defense and private sector research companies. Today, the Naval Research Laboratory continues Edison's inventive legacy with new and applicable technologies such as self-decontaminating clothes and the global ocean forecast system. For more information on today's technological advances, visit the Naval Research Laboratory website. From the Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer Ian Cotter.


A warm welcome to the 17th session in the second module of the course Signals and Systems. In the last session, we had worked out one full example. Let me write down that final solution once again, it is nice to see it in one place written down in company, let us see. One full decommission. We had a symmetric square wave of period t. Of course, you say that by writing x t plus capital T is equal to x t for all t and we will show x t in one period. It is 1 for the first half period and minus 1 for the second half period and then periodically repeat it. This is how x t looks. Now, we calculated the components. We said the zero frequency component is equal to 0. The kth frequency component would have two orthogonal components again, a cosine component and a sine component, k greater than 0 of course. The cosine component is always 0. The sine component is 0 for even k. For odd k, it is non-zero, present. And therefore, we wrote down the overall expression x t is only a sum of odd components which are essentially 2t by pi into 1 by k sine 2 pi by t times kt summed over k odd. And that of course, we could write down as summation k going from 1 to infinity 2t by pi into 1 divided by 2k minus 1 sine 2 pi by t into 2k minus 1 small t. Of course, remember, you need to divide by t fine. That normalization is required. So, I need to insert the 1 by t term here as also here. But the point anyway is that you see that the components are present only for odd integers. There are only odd sine components and these sine components decay as per the reciprocal of the frequency index. So, let us make a note of that. Components decay according to the reciprocal of the frequency as per 1 by 3k or 1 by k like. Now, I am going to leave you with a few more exercises in this session. And I am going to give you hints to work those exercises out. I am not going to work the exercises out for you completely. I am only going to give you hints. And what I would definitely like all of you to do is to work those exercises out and come with your feelings. Let me put down those exercises. Exercise 1, work out the decomposition for an asymmetric square. That means the period remains at t. However, the transition is somewhere other than the middle. So, let us say the transition is at t1. This is how xt looks. t1 is between 0 and t, but not equal to t by 2. And of course, as usual, x of t plus t, capital T is equal to x of t for all t. This, please remember again, is the symbol for all. Now, few remarks. When you work this out, you will realize two things. One is that you cannot now have that degenerate situation of the cosine components being absent. The cosine components will be present as also possibly the sine components at even k. You will have to work out both the cosine and sine components completely. Moreover, the mean over a cycle is not 0. So, now you have a full house. You have to work out the mean, you have to work out the cosine components and you have to work out the sine components and that too for all values of k. Now, what you must also do is to look at the expression that you get here in general. And then of course, there is nothing wrong in substituting t1 equal to t by 2. You must check that when you substitute that as exercise 2 for you now. Exercise 2. In the answer of exercise 1, put t1 equal to t by 2 and verify that you get what you got for the symmetric square wave. That is exercise 2. Exercise 3 will now be a slightly more complex wave problem. Let me draw the wave problem. Exercise 3. We will have a symmetric triangular wave. I am showing you the wave over 1p. So, it rises to 1, falls to 0, then goes down to minus 1 and comes back to 0. This is shown over 1p. Of course, xt is equal to xt plus capital T for all t. Now, let me work this example for you in a few steps. I am not going to work out the full expression. That is left to you to do. I am going to work out a few of the steps. So, let us do that. I will show it to you graphically what is going to happen. Let me draw the wave form.  So, let us draw just the first sinusoid for k equal to 1. So, let us draw sine 2 pi by t times kt for k equal to 1. That is easy. That will look like this. Of course, my drawing is not terribly accurate. I am just trying to show it schematically. Do not take my drawing literally. The point is, however, that again you have a symmetry in the integral. Whatever integral you get between 0 and t by 2 is the same as what you get between 0 and t. So, in fact, here when you take xt sine 2 pi by t kt integrated from 0 to t, you can see it is two times what you get from 0 to t by 2. I leave this for you to verify. That is one thing that will make your job easier. Now, the other thing that will happen is with regard to the odd and even components. So, here you need to see what happens to the odd sine components and the even sine components. In fact, you will again see that probably only one of them are going to be present, either the odd components or the even components. Find out which one. And also see what happens to the cosine components. I have a feeling that some of them will vanish or maybe all of them will vanish. Work it out. And my recommendation to you is do not start evaluating the integral suddenly. Try and look at what is happening graphically and then try and put down expressions that will help you show that some of those integrals vanish and therefore, you need to evaluate only some of those integrals. So, I will also just show you how to evaluate an integral of this kind. So, let us do that evaluation. I will just show you the indefinite integral that we need to evaluate. Typically, the indefinite integral that we need is something like this, integral t times sine 2 pi by t times kt dt. Now, the approach to evaluating this integral is by parts. So, essentially, you keep the first term as it is and integrate the second and then differentiate the first and integrate the second and then integrate the respectivity. That is the approach you will need to take to evaluate the integral here and of course, substitute the limits and so on. I am just giving you hints. I am not solving the full problem. You should do that. Also, my recommendation to you is compare the answer that you got for the symmetric triangular wave and what answer you got for the symmetric square wave. What is the relation between the coefficients? You see some way in which the coefficients decay here as a function of k as opposed to what you saw in the symmetric square wave. Is there a difference? Why do you think there is that difference? Try and reason it out. And finally, this is the most difficult of the problems that I am giving you today and that is exercise 4 for you. Evaluate the decomposition of an asymmetric triangular wave which would look something like this. This is a difficult problem. This rises to 1 and falls back and then goes down to minus 1 and comes back. But t1 is not equal to t by 2. And as usual, you would then substitute t1 equal to t by 2 once you evaluated this and verify you get what you got for the symmetric triangular wave. You know, there is one more symmetric triangular wave that we can consider. Let me draw that thing. So, exercise 5, a variant of the symmetric triangular wave. That looks like this. In one period, it only rises and falls. It does not go negative. Find its decomposition. Compare. That will be the interesting part. Compare with exercise 3. What differences do you see? And the last exercise, a variant of the asymmetric triangular wave. So, it rises to 1 but then falls and the rise and fall are on different subintervals. By the way, there is a little correction that you should see in the previous exercise. I just noticed it. This should be for all small. I hope you noticed it. That is one way of taking you away. Anyway, so here we are. A variant of an asymmetric triangular wave. Here, t1 is between 0 and t but t1 is not equal to t by 2. And here again, you could do the same thing. Substitute t1 equal to t by 2 and see if you got what you got for exercise 5. And also compare this with what you got for the asymmetric triangular wave shown earlier. Try and explain the differences. That is the challenge for you. Try and explain the differences. Well, these are the exercises that you need to pursue. Please pursue them and we hope to have a lively discussion sometime. Thank you.